CN103007279B - 人抗表皮生长因子受体抗体 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及人抗表皮生长因子受体抗体。具体地,本发明提供了全长人抗体,其与人EGFR的结合亲和力高于IMC‑C225,并能中和EGFR活性。该抗体包括完整免疫球蛋白、单价Fab和单链抗体、多价单链抗体、双抗体、三抗体和单区域抗体。本发明还提供编码并表达这些抗体的核酸、宿主细胞和动物。本发明进一步提供单用或与其它药物联用该抗体中和EGFR活性、治疗哺乳动物肿瘤生长和非癌性过度增生疾病的方法。
Description
本申请是申请日为2005年3月21日的中国专利申请200580015481.2“人抗表皮生长因子受体抗体”的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明关系到表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)特异的单克隆抗体。这些抗体可以用于治疗含肿瘤性疾病和过度增生性疾病在内的疾病。
背景技术
正常细胞的增生是通过生长因子酪氨酸激酶(RTKs)被其各自的配体激活所致,该过程是高度受控的。虽然肿瘤细胞的增生也是通过生长因子受体激活达成,但却失去了对正常增生的精确控制。许多因素可以导致这种失控,如生长因子和/或受体的过度表达,生长因子所调节的生物化学通道的自主激活。涉及到肿瘤生成的RTKs的例子有表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)、血小板源性生长因子(PDGFR)、胰岛素样生长因子(IGEF)、神经生长因子(NGEF)和成纤维细胞生长因子(FGF)。这些生长因子与其细胞表面的受体的结合导致受体被激活,从而激活并改变信号传导通路,引起细胞增生和分化。
表皮生长因子(EGF)受体家族成员为特别重要的与表皮细胞的肿瘤化有关的生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶。最早发现的EGF受体家族成员为在许多类型的肿瘤细胞上都有表达的EGFR。EGFR被发现涉及到调节肿瘤细胞的分裂、生长、修复、存活、血管生成、浸润和转移。
EGFR是一个170kD的跨膜糖蛋白,有一个细胞外配体结合功能域、穿膜区段和一个细胞内蛋白酪氨酸激酶功能域。刺激EGFR的配体包括表皮生长因子(EGF)、转化生长因子(TGF-α)、肝素结合生长因子(HBGF)、β-cellulin和Cripto-1。配体的特异性结合引起EGFR自主磷酸化,从而活化细胞内酪氨酸激酶功能域并启动调节肿瘤生长和存活的多种信号传导通路。EGFR通路也影响肿瘤内其他血管生成因子,如VEGF和碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)的产生。
激活EGFR的生长因子被认为也在肿瘤血管生长中发挥重要作用。血管生成指从胚胎和成年生物体已有的血管上形成毛细血管,是已知的肿瘤生长、存活和转移的关键因素。有报道称EGFR介导的肿瘤细胞刺激导致血管生成因子,血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、白介素-8(IL-8)和碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)的表达增强,从而引起肿瘤相关的血管内皮细胞的活化。肿瘤相关的血管内皮细胞的刺激也可通过肿瘤产生的生长因子,如TGF-α和EGF激活自身的EGF受体引起。
已有人体肿瘤表达和过量表达EGFR的报道,EGFR的表达与不良预后、低存活率和/或高转移率成相关关系。EGFR,由于涉及到肿瘤形成,已经成为抗肿瘤治疗的特异性靶目标。这些治疗主要包括阻断配体结合到受体细胞外功能域的单克隆抗体或直接作用于细胞内区段以防止信号传导的合成的酪氨酸激酶抑制剂。
例如,Cetuximab Mab()为一种能够与人EGFR细胞外功能域特异性结合的重组人/鼠嵌合的单克隆抗体,Cetuximab是一种阻断配体与EGFR结合、防止受体活化,从而抑制表达EGFR的肿瘤细胞生长的EGFR拮抗剂。西妥昔单抗(Cetuximab)已被批准与依立替康联合或单独用药以治疗表达表皮生长因子受体的、对基于依立替康的化疗无效或不耐受的转移结肠直肠癌患者。西妥昔单抗也已显示出其对银屑病的效果。
发明内容
本发明提供特异于EGFR、优选特异于包括选自含有SEQ ID NO:2、SEQ ID NO:4、SEQ ID NO:6、SEQ ID NO:10、SEQ ID NO:12、SEQ ID NO:14的一组序列的EGFR细胞外区的从1到6的互补决定区的任何区域的单克隆抗体或其片段。优选抗体为人源性抗体,更优选的是本发明中的抗体或其片段含有SEQ ID NO:2、SEQ ID NO:4、SEQ ID NO:6。可选但也是优选的是本发明中的抗体或其片段含有SEQ ID NO:10、SEQ ID NO:12、SEQ ID NO:14。更为优选的是本发明中的抗体或其片段含有SEQ ID NO:8重链可变区和SEQ ID NO:16轻链可变区。本发明中的这些抗体或其片段具有多种特性,包括中和EGFR及防止EGFR的配体与其受体的结合的能力。
此外,本发明提供编码本抗体及其片段的分离的多核苷酸,同时也提供含有被操作性地连接到表达序列上的这些多核苷酸序列的表达载体。本发明也提供含有表达载体或其子代的重组宿主细胞,该细胞表达本发明中的抗体或其片段。本发明还提供生产这些抗体或其片段的方法,包括在一定条件下培养细胞以使抗体或其片段得以表达,然后从细胞或细胞培养基中纯化获得抗体或其片段。
同时,本发明提供在哺乳动物体内治疗肿瘤生长的方法,包括给予哺乳动物有效剂量的本抗体。本抗体也可同与其他PTKs结合的抗体一起给药。本方法也包括给予哺乳动物抗肿瘤药物或抗肿瘤治疗,包括例如某种化疗药物和/或放射治疗。在某些实施方案中,肿瘤生长受到抑制。在优选实施方案中,治疗引起肿瘤消退。
本发明还提供治疗哺乳动物非癌性增生性疾病,即银屑病的方法,包括给予哺乳动物有效剂量的本抗体。
附图说明
图1A和图1B:表达免疫球蛋白的克隆载体pDFC和pEE12.1L。图1C:含有全长单链人抗EGFR抗体基因的载体质粒pGS-11F8.
图2:pGS-11F8的酶切图谱。DNA大小标记以kb为单位指示在DNA梯上。
图3:ELISA法测定IMC-C11F8和IMC-C225与EGFR在体外的结合。
图4:IMC-11F8和IMC-C225与125I标记的EGF在体外与EGFR竞争结合的结果。
图5:IMC-11F8和IMC-C225对BxPC3细胞内的EGFR磷酸化的效应,所用对照抗体为IMC-1C11。
图6:IMC-11F8和IMC-C225抑制A431细胞中EGFR磷酸化。
图7:显示抑制A431细胞内EGFR的磷酸化。在未刺激的对照细胞(1道)、EGF(2道)、IMC-C225(3道)、IMC-11F8(4道)和对照抗体(5道)存在下的EGFR的磷酸化的Western blot分析。图7A:用抗磷酸化酪氨酸抗体显示的磷酸化的EGFR。图7B:被刺激细胞内的总EGFR。
图8:各种浓度的IMC-11F8抑制EGF刺激的EGFR磷酸化。图8A显示用抗磷酸化酪氨酸抗体对未刺激对照细胞(1道)、未用IMC-11F8抗体处理的刺激细胞(2道)、15μg/ml(3道)、3μg/ml(4道)和0.6μg/ml(3道)IMC-11F8中的EGFR进行的western blot分析。图8B显示的是总EGFR。
图9:通过MTT试验检测IMC-11F8、IMC-C225和对照抗体对DiFi细胞增生的抑制。
图10:用IMC-11F8或IMC-C225(ERBITUXTM)处理的51Cr标记的DiFi细胞的特异性裂解。
图11:A431肿瘤细胞在用IMC-11F8或IMC-C225(西妥昔单抗(Cetuximab))治疗的鼠体内的生长。未处理过的鼠用作肿瘤生长的对照。
图12:BxPC3肿瘤细胞在用IMC-11F8或IMC-C225(西妥昔单抗(Cetuximab))治疗的鼠体内的生长。未处理过的鼠用作肿瘤生长的对照。
图13:用生理盐水或IMC-11F8治疗的异种移植人源肿瘤的裸鼠的免疫组化染色。图A和B:生理盐水或IMC-11F8治疗的A431异种移植的裸鼠;;图C和D:生理盐水或IMC-11F8治疗的BxPC3异种移植的裸鼠;图E和F:Ki-67染色的生理盐水(E)或IMC-11F8(F)治疗的A431异种移植的裸鼠。
图14:IMC-11F8联合CPT-11抑制裸鼠体内异种移植的人结肠直肠癌。人直肠癌GEO(图A)、DLD-1(图B)、或HT-29(图C)异种移植的裸鼠,用生理盐水或0.3mg或1.0mg的IMC-11F8腹膜内注射,一周两次单独给药,或与100mg/公斤、一周一次的CPT-11联合给药。每周两次测定肿瘤的大小。数据为各组10只动物肿瘤测定的平均值±标准差。(D)经IMC-11F8单独给药或联合CPT-11给药处理的肿瘤的消退。各处理组含10只载瘤动物。
具体实施方式
本发明提供特异于EGFR的单克隆抗体和其片段,同时提供编码该抗体的分离的或纯化的多核苷酸序列。本发明的抗体优选人抗体并能用于肿瘤性疾病,包括实体或非实体肿瘤的治疗以及过度增生性疾病的治疗。
典型的天然抗体具有两条相同的重链和两条相同的轻链,两条轻链通过一个链间二硫键联接到重链上,两条重链进一步通过多个二硫键相互被联接到一起。各条链能够折叠成具有相似大小(110-125氨基酸)和结构但功能各异的功能域。轻链可含有一个可变区(VL)和/或一个恒定区(CL)。重链也可含有一个可变区和/或根据抗体的组或型的不同,含有三个或四个恒定区(CH1、CH2、CH3和CH4)。在人体,抗体有IgA、IgD、IgE、IgG和IgM型,IgA和IgG进一步分为亚组或亚型(IgA1-2和IgG1-4)。
通常,可变区的氨基酸序列在不同抗体间有很大变化,尤其是抗原结合区。各VL和VH上有三个被称为超变区或互补决定区(CDRs),由序列变化较小的被称为骨架区的可变区域支撑。
抗体上组成为VL和VH区的部分被称为FV(可变片段)并构成抗原结合位点,单链FV(scFV)为在一条多肽链上含有VL和VH的抗体片段,其中一个区的N端与另一个区的C端通过一个柔性接头(flexible linker)相连(参见,例。美国专利号4946778(Ladner等);WO88/09344,(Huston等);WO92/01047(Mccafferty等)描述了将scFV片段展示在可溶性重组基因展示包装如噬菌体表面上。
用于产生单链抗体的肽接头可以是柔性肽,选来确保VL和VH的正确的三维折叠能够形成。接头通常为10到15个氨基酸残基,优选为10到30个氨基酸残基,更优选的为12到30个氨基酸残基,最优选的接头为15到25个氨基酸残基,这些接头肽的一个例子包括(Gly-Gly-Gly-Gly-Ser)3(SEQ ID NO:19)。
单链抗体缺乏作为它们来源的全抗体的所有或部分恒定区,这样,它们就能避免全抗体使用时出现的某些问题。例如,单链抗体一般没有某些重链恒定区与其他生物分子之间的不期望发生的相互作用。此外,单链抗体比全抗体小很多,比全抗体更易于渗透,因而能够更有效地定位并结合到靶抗原结合位点上去。再者,单链抗体相对小的体积使它们与全抗体相比不易在受试者体内引起不必要的免疫反应。
多单链抗体,通过第一个肽接头将一个VL和VH区共价相连的各单链,可以通过至少一个或多个肽接头共价连接形成多价单链抗体,它可以是单特异性或多特异性的。多价单链抗体的各链包括一个可变轻链片段和一个可变重链片段,通过一个肽接头连接到至少一个其他链上。肽接头至少含有15个氨基酸残基,氨基酸残基最多为100左右。
两个单链抗体可以结合形成一个双抗体,也被称为二价二聚体。双抗体有两条链和两个结合位点,可以是多特异性的或双特异性的。双抗体的各链包括一个连接到一个VL区的VH区。这些功能区通过很短的接头连接以避免同一条链上的功能区发生配对,这样,促使不同链上的互补区发生配对形成两个抗原结合位点。
三个单链抗体可结合形成三抗体,被称为三价三聚体。三抗体通过将一个VL区或VH区的氨基端直接连接到一个VL区或VH区的羧基端构成,即没有任何接头序列。三抗体有三个Fv头,多肽以环状、头尾融合模式排列。一种可能的三抗体构型为一个平面,三个结合位点在该平面上相互间成120°的角度。三抗体可以是单特异性、双特异性或三特异性的。
Fab(抗原结合片段(Fragment,antigen binding))指组成为VL、CL、VH和CH1区的抗体片段。那些经过木瓜蛋白酶水解产生的片段被称为Fab,它们不含重链绞链区。经胃蛋白酶水解后,形成含有重链绞链区的Fabs。那些带有完整链间二硫键的双价片段被称为F(ab’)2,当二硫键未能保留时形成单价的Fab’。F(ab’)2较Fab’对抗原有更高的亲合力。
Fc(可结晶段(Fragment crystallization))是指含有配对的重链恒定区的抗体部分或片段。对IgG抗体来说,例如,Fc段含CH2和CH3区,IgA和IgM的Fc段进一步含有CH4区。Fc段关系到与Fc受体的结合,激活补体介导的细胞毒性和抗体依赖的细胞毒性反应(ADCC)。IgA和IgM这样的抗体,是多个IgG样蛋白的复合物,复合物的形成需要Fc段的恒定区。
最后,绞链区将抗体的Fab和Fc段分开,并赋予Fabs与Fabs之间和Fabs与Fc之间的活动性,同时含有将两条重链连接起来的多个二硫键。
这样,本发明的抗体包括,但不限于与抗原特异性结合的天然抗体、二价片段如F(ab’)2、单价片段如Fab、单链抗体、单链Fv(scFv)、单功能区抗体、多价单链抗体、双抗体、三抗体及其他与抗原特异性结合的类似物。
本发明中的抗体或其片段特异于EGFR。抗体特异性指抗体选择性地识别一个特殊的抗原表位。本发明中的抗体或其片段,例如,可以是单一特异性的或双特异性的。双特异性抗体(BsAbs)为有两种不同的抗原结合特异性或位点的抗体。当抗体具有一个以上的特异性时,被识别的表位可以涉及到单个抗原或一个以上的抗原。因此,本发明提供能结合到两个不同的抗原,其中至少一个为EGFR特异的双特异性抗体或其片段。
本发明中的抗体或其片段对EGFR的特异性可以根据其亲和力(affinity)和/或亲合力(avidity)来确定。代表一种抗原和一种抗体的离解平衡常数的亲和力(affinity)测定的是抗原决定簇与抗体结合位点之间的结合强度。亲合力测定的是抗体与其抗原间的结合强度。亲合力(Avidity)既关系到一个表位与其抗体上的抗原结合位点的亲和力(affinity),又关系到抗体的价位,即针对一个特殊表位的抗原结合位点的数量。抗体结合的典型离解常数(Kd)为10-5到10-11升/mol。任何离解常数小于10-4的结合通常被认为是非特异性结合。Kd值越小,抗原决定簇与抗体结合位点间的结合强度越强。
这里所使用的“抗体”和“抗体片段”包括保留了对EGF受体特异性的经过修饰的产物。这些修饰产物包括但不限于与一个效应分子,如化学治疗药物(如顺铂、taxol、阿霉素)或细胞毒素(如一种蛋白或非蛋白的有机化学治疗药物)的结合。抗体还可以通过与可检测的报告分子连接进行修饰。另外修饰也包括对抗体的非结合特性,如半衰期的修改。
蛋白和非蛋白药物可以通过本领域所知的方法连接到抗体上。连接方法包括直接连接、通过共价连接接头连接和配对特异性连接(如亲和素-生物素)。这些方法包括Greenfield等在Cancer Research50,6600-6667(1990)所描述的连接阿霉素的方法和Arnon等在Adv.Exp.Med.Biol.303,79-90(1991)、Kiseleva等在Mol.Biol.(USSR)25,508-514(1991)上所描述的连接铂化合物的方法。
本发明中的抗体或其片段的同类物也包括其氨基酸序列与这里公开的全长抗EGFR抗体的可变或超变区的氨基酸序列基本相同的多肽。基本相同的氨基酸序列这里被定义为至少70%、优选80%、更优选为90%的同源性,正如按照Pearson和Lipman(Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA85,2444-8)的方法通过FASTA搜寻确定的包括至少70%、优选至少80%、更优选为至少90%的相同的序列。
这些抗体具有与本发明的含有SEQ ID NO:8和SEQ ID NO:16的抗体相同的或相似的结合、配体阻断和受体中和活性,特别是其中具有保守氨基酸取代。保守氨基酸取代被定义为通过在肽、多肽或蛋白或其片段上改变一个或多个氨基酸而引起的氨基酸组成的改变,取代物通常为具有相似特性(例如酸性、碱性、芳香族、大小、正电或负电、极性、非极性)的氨基酸以使取代不会在本质上改变相关的肽、多肽或蛋白的特性(如电荷、等电点、亲和力、亲合力、构型、溶解性)或活性。典型的保守取代物在同组氨基酸内选择,这些组包括但不限于:
(1)疏水氨基酸:甲硫氨酸(M)、丙氨酸(A)、缬氨酸(V)、亮氨酸(L)、异亮氨酸(I)
(2)亲水氨基酸:胱氨酸(C)、丝氨酸(S)、苏氨酸(T)、天冬酰胺(N)、谷氨酰胺(Q)
(3)酸性氨基酸:天冬氨酸(D)、谷氨酸(E)
(4)碱性氨基酸:组氨酸(H)、赖氨酸(K)、精氨酸(R)
(5)芳香族氨基酸:苯丙氨酸(F)、酪氨酸(Y)、色氨酸(W)
(6)影响链方向的残基:gly、pro。
本发明的抗体进一步包括那些通过直接突变、亲和力成熟、噬菌体展示或链改组方法改进了结合特性的抗体。通过CDRs突变和筛选具有期望特性的抗原结合位点可以改变或改进亲和力和特异性(参见,例如,yang等,J.Mol.Biol.,254:392-403(1995)。许多方法可使CDRs突变,一个方法是随机化单个残基或残基的组合,以使在一组其它都相同的抗原结合位点上,所有20个氨基酸在特殊的位置出现。或者,突变可以通过易错PCR法导入各种CDR残基(参见,例如,Hawkins等,J.Mol.Biol,226:889-896(1992))。例如,含有重链和轻链可变区基因的噬菌体展示载体可以在大肠杆菌的突变株中扩增(参见,例如,Low等,J.Mol.Biol,250:359-368(1992))。这些致突变方法是对本领域技术人员所知的许多方法的说明。
本发明的抗体的各功能区可以是完整的免疫球蛋白功能区(例如,重链或轻链可变区或恒定区),或者是天然功能区的功能性等同物或突变体或衍生体,或者是,例如,用WO93/11236(Griffiths等)中描述的技术在体外构建合成的功能区。例如,将对应于抗体可变区的、其中至少有一个氨基酸缺失的各功能区连接在一起是可能的。抗体的特征性本质是有抗原结合位点。术语可变重链和轻链片段不应该被理解为不包括那些在特异性上没有实际影响的变异体。
本发明中的抗体或其片段为人抗体,有一、二、三、四、五和/或六个互补决定区(CDRs),选自一组由SEQ ID NO:2、SEQ ID NO:4、SEQ ID NO:6、SEQ ID NO:10、SEQ ID NO:12、SEQ ID NO:14组成的序列。优选本发明的抗体(或其片段)的CDRs为SEQ ID NO:2、SEQID NO:4、SEQ ID NO:6序列,可选但也优选的,本抗体或其片段的CDRs为SEQ ID NO:10、SEQID NO:12、SEQ ID NO:14序列。这些CDRs的氨基酸序列列在表1中。
表1
在一个实施方案中,本抗体或其片段可以具有SEQ ID NO:8的重链可变区和/或SEQ ID NO:16的轻链可变区。IMC-11F8是本发明的一个特别优选的抗体。该抗体具有人VH和VL的框架区和CDRs。IMC-11F8的VH可变区(SEQ ID NO:8)有3个CDRs(SEQ ID NO:2、4、6)和4个框架区,其VL可变区(SEQ ID NO:16)有3个CDRs(SEQ ID NO:10、12、14)和4个框架区。
优选的,本发明中的抗体或其片段能中和EGFR。配体,如EGF或TGF-α与EGFR的外段,即细胞外功能区结合,刺激受体二聚化,EGFR发生自主磷酸化,激活受体的内段,即细胞内酪氨酸激酶域,启动涉及到调节DNA合成(基因活化)和细胞周期进展和分裂的多种信号传导和处理通路。另外,优选本发明中的抗EGFR抗体(或其片段)对EGFR细胞外功能区特异。进而优选本抗体或其片段阻止EGFR配体与其受体结合。在这个实施方案中,本发明中的抗体或其片段与EGFR的结合强度至少等于天然配体(EGF和TGF-α)与EGFR的结合强度。
中和EGFR包括抑制、减少、失活和/或破坏一个或多个正常情况下与信号传导有关的这些活性。因此,中和EGFR具有多种效应,包括抑制、减少、失活和/或破坏生长(增殖和分化)、血管生成(血管募集、浸润和迁移)、细胞运动和转移(细胞粘附和浸润)。
测定中和EGFR的一个方法是抑制受体的酪氨酸激酶活性,酪氨酸激酶抑制可以用已知的方法来确定,例如,通过测定重组激酶受体的自主磷酸化水平、和/或天然或合成的底物的磷酸化。因此,磷酸化测试在本发明的文中用于确定中和抗体。例如,用特异于磷酸化酪氨酸激酶的抗体通过Elisa或Western blot方法,可以检测磷酸化。一些酪氨酸激酶的活性的测试方法Panek等在J.Pharmacol.Exp.Thera.283:1433-44上和Batley等在LifeSci.62:143-50(1998)上有描述。
此外,检测蛋白表达的方法也可用于确定EGFR中和作用,其中被检测的蛋白或蛋白活性或活性状态受EGFR酪氨酸激酶活性调节。这些方法包括免疫组织化学染色检测蛋白表达、荧光原位杂交检测基因扩增、放射性配体竞争结合试验、固相印迹技术,如Northern和Southern印迹、逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)和ELISA。参见,如,Grandis等Cancer,78:1284-92(1996);Shimizu等,Japan J.Cancer Res.,85:567-71(1994);Sauter等Am.J.Path.,148:1047-53(1996);Collins,Glia,15:289-96(1995);Radinsky et al.,Clin.Cancer Res.,1:19-31(1995);Petrides等,Cancer Res.,50:3934-39(1990);Hoffmann等,Anticancer Res.,17:4419-26(1997);Wikstrand等,Cancer Res.,55:3140-48(1995)。
体内试验也可用于确定EGFR中和作用。例如,受体酪氨酸激酶抑制可以通过在有或无抑制剂存在的条件下,用受体的配体刺激细胞系的促分裂试验来观察。例如,用EGF刺激A431细胞(美国模式培养物保藏中心(ATCC),Rockville,MD)可以用于检测EGFR抑制。另一个方法涉及到测试表达EGFR的肿瘤细胞的生长抑制,例如,将肿瘤细胞注射入小鼠体内。参见,例如,美国专利号6365157(Rockwell等)。
本发明不受限于任何EGFR中和的特殊机制。本发明的抗EGFR抗体在外部与EGF的细胞表面受体结合,阻断配体的结合(如EGF或TGF-α),继之通过受体相关的酪氨酸激酶介导的信号传导,防止EGFR和信号传导连锁反应的其他下游蛋白的磷酸化。受体-抗体复合物也可以被内化和降解,引起细胞表面受体的下调。本发明中的抗体也可下调在肿瘤浸润和转移中起作用的基质金属蛋白酶。此外,本发明中的抗体可能对生长因子的产生和血管生成有抑制作用。
抗体片段可以通过切割完整抗体而得,也可以通过表达编码片段的DNA而得。抗体片段可以通过Lamoyi等在J.Immunol.Methods,56:235-243(1983)和Parham,zJ.Immunol.131:2895-2902(1983)上描述的方法制备。这些片段可以含有一个或两个Fab片段或F(ab’)2片段。这些片段也可以含有单链可变区片段的抗体,如scFv,双抗体或其他抗体片段。制备这些功能性等同体的方法在PCT申请号WO93/21319,欧洲专利申请号EP239400;PCT申请号WO89/09622;欧洲专利申请号EP338745和欧洲专利申请号332424上有公开。
优选的用于转化载体并表达本发明的受体拮抗剂的宿主细胞为哺乳动物细胞,例如,COS-7细胞,中国仓鼠卵巢(CHO)细胞和淋巴来源的细胞系,如淋巴瘤、骨髓瘤(如NS0)或杂交瘤细胞。其他真核宿主,如酵母,也可以选择性使用。
当希望用酵母来表达基因构建体时,合适的选择性基因为trp1,存在于酵母质粒载体Yrp7中。Stinchcomb等Nature,282:39(1997);Kingsman等,Gene,7:141(1997)。Trp1基因为不能在有色氨酸条件下生长的酵母突变株提供了一个选择性标记,例如,ATCC号44076或PEP-4。Jones,Genetics,85:12(1977)。酵母宿主细胞染色体的trp1损伤的存在通过在无色氨酸的条件下生长而提供了一个检测转化的有效环境。类似,Leu2缺陷酵母株(ATCC 20,622或38,626)可以通过已知含有Leu2基因的质粒来弥补。
转化了的宿主细胞用本领域所知的方法培养于液体培养基中,培养基含有可同化的碳源(碳水化合物,如葡萄糖或乳糖)、氮(氨基酸、肽、蛋白或它们的降解产物,如蛋白胨,铵盐等)、无机盐(硫酸盐、磷酸盐和/或碳酸钠、钾、镁和钙)。培养基进一步含有,例如,促生长物质,如微量元素,如铁、锌、镁等。
正如以下实例中所描述,根据本发明,高亲和力的抗EGFR抗体可以从一个通过人的重链和轻链可变区基因构建成的噬菌体展示文库中分离得到。例如,本发明的可变区可以从含有重排后的可变区基因的外周血淋巴细胞中获得。可选性地,可变区部分,如CDR和FW区可以从不同的人源序列获得。超过90%的经过三轮筛选后收获的克隆是EGFR特异的。筛选得到的Fabs与EGFR结合的亲和力在nM范围,它们与通过杂交技术获得的几个二价的抗EGFR单克隆抗体的亲和力一致。
本发明的抗体和抗体片段可以获取自,例如天然抗体,或Fab或scFv噬菌体展示文库。大家都很清楚,为了从含有VH和VL的抗体获得单功能区抗体,某些CDRs外的氨基酸需要被取代,期待以此达到增强结合、表达或可溶性的目的,例如,希望对有可能埋藏于VH-VL界面的氨基酸残基进行修饰。
此外,本发明的抗体和抗体片段可以通过标准杂交技术(Harlow&lane,ed.,Antibodies:A Laboratory Manual,Cold Spring Harbor,211-213(1998),其内容通过引用整体结合于此),用产生人免疫球蛋白γ重链和κ轻链的转基因鼠(如来自Medarex SanJose,Calif的KM小鼠)获得。在一个优选实施方案中,人抗体产生基因组的主要部分被插入小鼠基因组中,使内源性鼠抗体的产生发生缺陷,这些小鼠可用KDR(VEGFR-2)与完全福氏佐剂混合后皮下免疫。
用于鉴定本发明的EGFR结合抗体的蛋白优选EGFR,更优选的是EGFR的细胞外功能区。EGFR细胞外功能区可以是游离的,也可以结合到另一个分子上。
本发明还提供编码前述抗体或其片段的分离的多核苷酸,本发明包括具有编码一、二、三、四、五和/或六个CDRs的序列的核酸。核酸序列列于表2中。
表2
编码人抗体的DNA可以通过对基本或完全提取自相应的人抗体区段的编码人恒定区和可变区而不是CDRs的DNA与提取自人的编码CDRs的DNA(SEQ ID NO:1、3、5为重链可变区CDRs;SEQ ID NO:9、11、13为轻链可变区CDRs)进行重组来制备。
编码抗体片段的DNA的合适来源包括任何细胞,如表达全长抗体的杂交瘤细胞和脾细胞。如前所述这些片段自身可以用作抗体等同物,或可以被重组入等同物。本节所描述的DNA删除和重组可以用已知的方法来进行,如以上列出的那些关于抗体等同物的文献所描述的方法和/或以下描述的那些标准DNA重组技术。DNAs的另一个来源,正如本领域所知道的那样,是从噬菌体展示文库产生的单链抗体。
此外,本发明提供含有操作性地连接到一个表达序列的前述多核苷酸序列,即启动子和增强子序列的表达载体。各种各样的在原核如细菌和包括但不限于酵母和哺乳动物细胞培养的真核系统中高效合成抗体多肽的表达载体已经被构建出来。本发明中的载体可以含有染色体、非染色体片段和合成的DNA序列。
任何合适的表达载体都能使用,例如,原核克隆载体包括大肠杆菌质粒,如colE1、pCR1、pBR322、pMB9、pUC、pKSM和RP4。原核载体还包括噬菌体DNA衍生物,如M13和其他丝状单链DNA噬菌体。用于酵母的载体的一个例子为2μ质粒。在哺乳动物中表达的合适载体包括大家熟知的SV40衍生物、腺病毒、逆转录病毒来源的DNA序列和来源于功能性哺乳动物载体的组合的穿梭质粒,正如以上所述的那些,以及功能性质粒和噬菌体DNA。
其他真核表达载体为本领域所知(如,PJ Southern和P.Berg,J.MoI.Appl.Genet.,I3 327-341(1982);Subramani等.,MoI.Cell.Biol.,1:854-864(1981);Kaufmann和Sharp,″Amplification And Expression of SequencesCotransfected with a Modular Dihydrofolate Reductase Complementary DNA Gene,″J.MoI.Biol.159,601-621(1982);Kaufinann和Sharp,MoI.Cell.Biol.159,601-664(1982);Scahill等,″Expression And Characterization Of The Product OfA HumanImmune Interferon DNA Gene hi Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells,″Proc.Nat′lAcad.Sci.USA 80,4654-4659(1983);Urlaub和Chasin,Proc.Nat′l Acad.Sci.USA 77,4216-4220,(1980)。
本发明中使用的表达载体含有至少一个操作性地连接到要表达的DNA序列或片段的表达控制序列,为了控制和调节被克隆的DNA序列的表达该控制序列被插入载体。所用表达控制序列的例子有lac系统、trp系统、tac系统、trc系统、噬菌体lambda的主要操纵子和启动子区、fd coat蛋白的控制区、酵母糖酵解启动子,如3-磷酸甘油激酶启动子、酵母酸性磷酸酶启动子,如Pho5、酵母alpha-mating因子启动子和来源于多瘤病毒、腺病毒、逆转录病毒和猴病毒,如SV40的早期和晚期启动子和其他已知在原核细胞或真核细胞及其病毒或其联合中控制基因表达的序列。
本发明也提供含有前述表达载体的重组宿主细胞。本发明中的抗体可以在非杂交瘤的细胞系中表达。含有编码对应于本发明的多肽的序列的核酸可以用于转化合适的哺乳动物宿主细胞。
最适细胞系以高水平、持续表达目的基因,且伴有最小的宿主细胞蛋白的污染为基础加以选择。可用的用于表达宿主的哺乳动物细胞系为本领域所知,包括许多永生细胞系,正如但不限于中国仓鼠卵巢细胞(CHO)、幼仓鼠肾细胞(BHK)和许多其他细胞。合适的其他真核细胞包括酵母和其他真菌。可用的原核宿主包括,例如,E.coli,如E.coli SG-936、E.coli HB 101、E.coli W3110、E.coli X1776、E.coli X2282、E.coli DHI和E.coli MRCl、假单胞菌、芽苞杆菌,如枯草杆菌和链霉菌。
通过在允许表达抗体或其片段和从宿主细胞和宿主细胞周围培养基中纯化抗体或其片段的条件下培养这些细胞,这些重组宿主细胞可用于生产抗体或其片段。为使重组宿主细胞内的表达抗体或其片段能够被分泌,可以在目的抗体编码基因的5’端插入一个信号或分泌前导肽编码序列(参见,Shokri等,Appl Microbiol Biotechnol.60(6):654-64(2003),Nielsen等,Prot.Eng.10:1-6(1997)和von Heinje等,Nucl.Acids Res.14:4683-4690(1986))。这些分泌前导肽可以来自原核或真核细胞序列。因此,使用分泌前导肽,即连接到多肽的N末端的氨基酸序列,指导多肽从细胞胞质移出并分泌到培养基中。
本发明中的抗体可以与另外的氨基酸残基融合,这些氨基酸残基可以是肽标记物,用于帮助分离。其他用于帮助抗体到达特异性组织和器官的氨基酸残基也可被考虑。
在一个实施方案中,本发明的抗体通过在转基因动物体内表达编码本抗体的核酸而制备,这样,抗体可以表达并能够被收获。例如,抗体可以以组织特异性的方式表达,这样可以方便收获和纯化。在一个这样的实施方案中,本发明中的抗体表达于乳腺中,在泌乳过程中分泌。转基因动物,包括但不限于鼠、羊和兔。
通过给予哺乳动物有效剂量的前述抗体以治疗肿瘤生长的方法在本发明中也有提供。适于根据本发明被治疗的肿瘤以表达EGFR的肿瘤为优选。在不意味着受限于任何特殊机理的情况下,能通过本方法治疗的疾病和状况包括,例如,那些肿瘤生长或病理性血管生成是通过EGFR的旁分泌和/或自分泌环路刺激的疾病。也即是说,EGFR表达肿瘤特征性地对存在于环境中的EGF敏感,能够进一步产生并被自分泌刺激环路中的EGF和TGF-α刺激。根据本发明,对这些肿瘤的治疗包括部分或完全抑制肿瘤生长,值得注意的是,在某些实施方案中,抑制进一步包括肿瘤消退。
在体外和体内均观察到多种肿瘤都有EGFR表达,不同类型的肿瘤EGFR的表达水平相差很大。EGFR在很大比例的人肿瘤细胞表面都有不同程度的表达,结肠直肠癌、头颈癌(鳞状细胞)、胰腺癌、肺癌、乳腺癌和肾细胞癌,还有胶母细胞瘤。在某些类肿瘤中,EGFR的表达很常见(如35%到70%的卵巢癌和接近25%到77%的结肠直肠癌)。EGFR的高水平表达可与受体配体的产生呈相关关系(如EGF、TGF-α)。EGFR的表达还与对某些化疗药物和放射性治疗的抗性提高相关。在某些类型的肿瘤中,EGFR的表达也可以用于判断预后的预后因子,因为它与存活降低、预后不良和/或转移风险升高有关联。此外,在许多类型肿瘤中EGFR的表达升高。
被治疗的肿瘤包括原发性肿瘤和转移瘤,也包括难治性肿瘤。难治性肿瘤包括那些对化疗药物治疗、抗体治疗、放射治疗即它们的联合治疗无反应或有抗性的肿瘤。难治性肿瘤还包括那些表面上被这些治疗药抑制,但停止治疗5年后,有时10年或更长时间后复发的肿瘤。
能被本发明中的抗体治疗的肿瘤包括那些未血管化、尚未实质血管化的肿瘤和血管化的肿瘤。能被如此治疗的实体瘤的例子包括乳腺癌、肺癌、直肠结肠癌、胰腺癌、神经胶质瘤和淋巴瘤。这些肿瘤的例子包括表皮肿瘤、鳞癌,如头颈部肿瘤、直肠结肠肿瘤、前列腺肿瘤、肺部肿瘤,包括小细胞和非小细胞肿瘤、胰腺肿瘤、胸腺肿瘤、卵巢肿瘤和肝肿瘤。其他例子包括Kaposi肉瘤、CNS瘤、毛细血管母细胞瘤、脑膜瘤、脑转移癌、黑色素瘤、胃肠道和肾癌和肉瘤、横纹肌肉瘤、胶质母细胞瘤,优选多型性胶质母细胞瘤、以及平滑肌肉瘤。
本发明的另一个方面,抗EGFR抗体抑制肿瘤相关的血管生成。EGFR对血管内皮细胞的刺激关系到肿瘤的血管化。通常血管内皮被其他来源的(如,肿瘤细胞)EGF和/或TGF-α通过旁分泌的方式刺激。
因此,人抗EGFR抗体对治疗患有血管化肿瘤、肿瘤或血管发生性疾病的受试者有效。这些肿瘤或癌瘤包括,例如,恶性肿瘤和癌瘤,如母细胞瘤、癌和肉瘤,以及高度血管化的肿瘤和癌瘤。能够用本发明的方法治疗的癌包括,例如,脑癌、泌尿生殖道癌、淋巴系统癌、胃癌、肾癌、直肠癌、喉癌、肺癌和骨癌。非限制性的例子进一步包括表皮肿瘤、鳞癌,如头颈癌、直肠结肠肿瘤、前列腺肿瘤、乳腺肿瘤、肺肿瘤,包括肺腺癌、小细胞癌和非小细胞癌、胰腺肿瘤、胸腺肿瘤、卵巢肿瘤和肝肿瘤。本方法也被用于治疗血管化的皮肤癌,包括鳞状细胞癌、基底细胞癌和那些能通过抑制恶性角质细胞,如人恶性角质细胞生长来治疗的皮肤癌。其他能被治疗的癌包括Kaposi氏肉瘤、CNS肿瘤?(神经母细胞瘤、毛细血管母细胞瘤、脑膜瘤和脑转移瘤)、黑色素瘤、胃肠道和肾癌和肉瘤、横纹肌肉瘤、胶质母细胞瘤、优选多型性胶质母细胞瘤和平滑肌肉瘤、横纹肌肉瘤、胶质母细胞瘤,包括多型性胶质母细胞瘤、以及平滑肌肉瘤。
本发明也提供给予哺乳动物有效剂量的本发明中的抗体以治疗非癌性过度增生性疾病的治疗方法。正如这里所述,“过度增生性疾病”被定义为表达EGFR家族受体成员的非癌性细胞超量生长的引起的情况。增生性疾病产生的过量细胞可以正常水平表达EGFR或过量表达EGFR。
根据本发明能够被治疗的增生性疾病可以是任何被EGFR的配体或这些配体的突变体所刺激的增生性疾病。增生性疾病的例子包括银屑病、光化性角化病、皮脂性角化病、疣、瘢痕疙瘩和湿疹。也包括病毒感染引起的过度增生性疾病,如乳头状瘤病毒感染。例如银屑病有多种类型,严重程度也不相同。不同类型的银屑病呈现脓样水疱(脓庖性银屑病)、皮肤严重腐烂(红皮性银屑病)、水滴样点(滴状银屑病)和平滑炎性损伤(皮皱性银屑病)的特征。各种类型的银屑病(如寻常性银屑病、脓庖样银屑病、红皮性银屑病、关节性银屑病、副银屑病和掌拓银屑病)的治疗均在本发明的考虑之中。
在本发明的方法中,治疗有效剂量的本发明中的抗体被给药予需要用药的哺乳动物。这里所用的给药指通过任何可以达到应有效果的方法将本发明中的抗体导入哺乳动物体内。可以通过,例如,静脉给药或肌肉内给药。虽然本发明中的人抗体特别适用于人体,但也可用于其他哺乳动物。这里所用的术语哺乳动物包括,但不限于人、实验动物、家养宠物和农场牲畜。治疗有效剂量指给药给哺乳动物时,能产生期望的治疗效果,如抑制激酶活性或抑制肿瘤生长的本发明中的抗体的量。
本领域技术人员有能力和知识对这样的疾病进行鉴别,例如,哪些患有临床显著的肿瘤性或血管性疾病或有出现显著临床症状危险的患者适宜用本发明中的EGFR抗体治疗。如通过临床检测、体检和询问就诊史/家族史,一个临床工作者应该能够很快决定是否一个个体是该治疗的候选者。
本抗EGFR抗体以足以预防、抑制或降低肿瘤或病理状况的进展的量给药,用于治疗患有肿瘤或病理状态相关的血管生成的病人。进展包括,如,肿瘤或病理状况的生长、浸润、转移和/或复发。能够达到这些目的的合适剂量被定义为治疗有效剂量。使用的有效剂量取决于疾病的严重程度和病人免疫系统的一般状况。用药计划也将随疾病程度和病人的状况而变化,通常可以在每天单一剂量用药或持续滴注到多次给药(如每4到6小时)的范围内变化,或者根据医生和病人的情况而定。应该注意的是,本发明不限于任何特殊剂量。
EGFR拮抗剂的鸡尾酒疗法,如,单克隆抗体,提供了抑制肿瘤细胞生长的特别有效的治疗。鸡尾酒疗法可以包括非抗体类EGFR拮抗剂,并且可以含有少至1、3、4个和多至6、8、10的受体拮抗剂。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,抗EGFR抗体可以与一种或多种抗肿瘤药物联合用药。联合用药的例子参见美国专利号6,217,866(Schlessinger等)(Anti-EGFR antibodiesin combination with anti-neoplastic agents);WO 99/60023(Waksal等)(Anti-EGFRantibodies in combination with radiation)。任何合适的抗肿瘤药物都能使用,如化疗药物、放射疗法或其联合。抗肿瘤药物可以是烷基化类药物或抗代谢药物。烷基化类药物的例子包括但不限于顺铂、环磷酰胺、美法仑和达卡巴嗪。抗代谢类药物包括但不限于阿霉素、柔红霉素、紫杉醇、依立替康(CPT-11)和托泊替康。当抗肿瘤剂为放射疗法时,放射源可以在被治疗的病人的外部(外部照射放射治疗-EBRT)或内部(近程治疗-BT)。抗肿瘤药物的给药剂量取决与许多因素,包括,例如药物的类型、被治疗的肿瘤的类型、严重程度和给药途径。然而,应该强调的是本发明不限于任何具体剂量。
对于过度增生性疾病的治疗,以上描述的本发明的抗体可以与任何常规治疗药物联合应用。例如,增生性疾病为银屑病时,各种系统的和局部的常规治疗药物可被使用。银屑病的系统治疗药物包括甲氨蝶呤和口服类视色素,如阿维A、阿维A酯和异类视色素。银屑病的其他系统治疗药物包括羟基脲、NSAJDS、柳氮磺吡啶和6-巯基鸟嘌呤。抗生素和抗微生物药物可以用于治疗和预防导致银屑病加重和恶化的感染。银屑病的局部用药包括蒽三酚、卡泊三烯、煤焦油、类固醇、类视色素、软甲液(keretolytics)和他扎罗汀。轻度和中度银屑病最常用的处方是局部使用类固醇,局部类固醇可涂于皮肤表面,但有些也注射入银屑病损伤处。
增生性疾病的治疗进一步包括抗EGFR抗体与光学疗法的联合。光学疗法包括给予可减轻增生性疾病症状的任何波长光线和化疗药物的光作用(光化学疗法)。其他有关增生性疾病的治疗,参见WO 02/11677(Teufel等(Treatment ofhyperproliferative diseaseswith epidermal growth factor receptor antagonists)。
本发明中的抗EGFR抗体可以与EGFR拮抗剂和/或其他PTKs的拮抗剂,如阻断PTK配体的抗体或中和PTK的抗体一同给药。EGFR配体包括EGF、TGF-α、人双调蛋白、肝素结合EGF(HB-EGF)和β细胞素。EGF和TGF-α被认为是主要的引起EGFR介导的刺激的内源性配体,尽管TGF-α显示出更强的促血管生成活性。因此,EGFR拮抗剂包括与这些配体结合从而阻断它们结合并激活EGFR的抗体。
另一个PTK的例子是VEGFR。在本发明的一个实施方案中,抗EGFR抗体与VEGFR拮抗剂联合使用。在本发明的一个实施方案中,抗EGFR抗体与特异性结合VEGFR-2/KDR受体的受体拮抗剂联合使用(PCT/US92/01300,filed Feb.20,1992;Terman等,Oncogene 6:1677-1683(1991))。在另一个实施方案中,抗EGFR抗体与特异性结合VEGFR-1/Flt受体的受体拮抗剂联合使用(Shibuya等.,Oncogene 5,519-524(1990))。特别优选的是与VEGFR-1或VEGFR-2的细胞外区结合从而阻断配体(VEGF或P1GF)与其结合,和/或中和VEGF或PIGF诱导的活化的抗原结合蛋白。例如,Mab IMC-1121与可溶性的及细胞表面表达的KDR结合,IMC-1121含有来自人Fab噬菌体展示文库的VH和VL功能区(参见WO 03/075840)。另一个例子ScFv6.12与可溶性的和细胞表面表达的Flt结合。ScFv6.12含有鼠单克隆抗体Mab6.12的VH和VL功能区。一个产生Mab6.12的杂交瘤细胞系已经被ATCC保藏,保藏号为PTA-3344。
另一个这样的PTK例子为胰岛素样生长因子受体(IGFR)。在某些肿瘤细胞中,EGFR功能的抑制可以通过上调信号通路上的其他生长因子受体而得到补偿,特别是通过IGFR刺激。此外,抑制IGFR信号使肿瘤细胞对某些化疗药物的敏感性升高。EGFR或IGFR的刺激均引起共同的下游信号传导分子的磷酸化,包括Akt和P44/42,尽管程度有所不同。因此,在本发明的一个实施方案中,IGFR拮抗剂(如结合IGF或IGFR和中和受体的抗体)与本发明中的抗体共同给药,从而阻断进入共同下游信号通路的第二个信号(如抑制Akt和P44/42的激活)。特异于IGFR的人抗体的例子是IMC-A12(参见WO 2005/016970)。
其他涉及的肿瘤生成的生长因子受体的例子有血小板源性生长因子(PDGF)、神经生长因子(NGF)和成纤维细胞生长因子(FGF)。
抗EGFR抗体也可以与抑制涉及到肿瘤生长或肿瘤相关的血管生成的RTKs或它们相关的下游信号元件的细胞内RTK拮抗剂共同给药。细胞内RTK拮抗剂优选小分子。这些小分子的例子包括有机化合物、有机金属化合物、有机和有机金属化合物的盐类和无机化合物。小分子内的原子通过共价键和离子键结合在一起;前者通常存在于如小分子酪氨酸激酶抑制剂这样的小有机化合物,后者通常存在于小无机化合物。原子在小有机分子中的排列可以呈链状,如碳-碳链、或碳-杂原子链或可以呈含碳原子的环状,如苯环或多环系统,或碳和杂原子的联合,即杂环,如嘧啶或喹唑啉。尽管小分子可以是任何分子量,但它们通常包括那些分子量不超过650D,因而不被称为生物分子的分子。小分子包括天然的化合物,如激素、神经递质、核苷酸、氨基酸、糖、脂和它们的衍生物,也包括通过传统的有机合成、生物介导的合成,或它们的联合而合成的化合物。参见,如Ganesan,DrugDoscov.Today 7(1):47-55(Jan.2002);Lou,Drug Discov.Today,6(24):1288-1294(Dec.2001)。
根据本发明,更优选的被用作细胞内RTK拮抗剂的小分子为与ATP竞争结合到具有激酶功能域的EGFR的细胞内结合区或结合到涉及到EGFR的激活的信号传导通路的蛋白的细胞内EGFR拮抗剂。这样的信号传导通路的例子包括ras-有丝分裂原激活的蛋白激酶(MAPK)通路、磷酸肌醇-3激酶(P13K)-Akt通路、应激活化蛋白激酶(SAPK)通路和转录信号转导子和激活子(STAT)通路。涉及到这些通路的蛋白非限制性例子(根据本发明小分子EGFR拮抗剂能够结合到其上的)包括GRB-2,SOS,Ras,Raf,MEK,MAPK和基质金属蛋白酶。
一个小分子EGFR拮抗剂的例子是IRESSATM(ZD1939),它是一个具有ATP-模仿功能的抑制EGFR的喹啉唑衍生物。参见美国专利号5,616,582(Zeneca Limited);WO 96/33980(Zeneca Limited)第4页;也见Rowinsky等,摘要5提供在2001年5月12-15日的ASCO第37届年会上,San Francisco,CA,;Anido等摘要1712提供在2001年5月12-15日的ASCO第37届年会,San Francisco,CA。另一个小分子EGFR拮抗剂的例子是TARCEVATM(OSI-774),为4-(取代苯基氨基)喹啉唑衍生物[6,7-双(2-甲氧基-乙氧基)-喹唑啉-4-基]-(3-乙炔基-苯基)胺盐酸盐]EGFR抑制剂。见WO 96/30347(Pfizer Inc.)例如第2页,12行到第4页,第34行和第19页,第14-17行。也见Moyer等,Cancer Res.,57:4838-48(1997);Pollack等,J.Pharmacol,291:739-48(1999)。TARCEVATM可能在抑制EGFR和它的下游PI3/Akt和MAP(有丝分裂原激活蛋白)激酶信号传导通路的磷酸化方面发挥作用,引起P27介导的细胞周期停顿。见Hidalgo et ah,摘要281提供在2001年5月12-15日的ASCO第37届年会,SanFrancisco,CA。
其他小分子也据报道有抑制EGFR作用,它们中的许多被认为是结合到EGFR的酪氨酸激酶功能区。这些小分子EGFR拮抗剂的一些例子在WO 91/116051,WO 96/30347,WO 96/33980,WO 97/27199(Zeneca Limited),WO 97/30034(Zeneca Limited),WO 97/42187(Zeneca Limited),WO 97/49688(Pfizer Inc.),WO 98/33798(Warner LambertCompany),WO 00/18761(American Cyanamid Company)和WO 00/31048(Warner LambertCompany)上有描述。特殊的小分子EGFR拮抗剂的例子包括Cl-1033(Pfizer),为喹唑啉(N-[4-(3-氯-4-氟-苯基氨基)-7-(3-吗啉-4-基-丙氧基)-喹唑啉-6-基]-丙烯酰胺)酪氨酸激酶、特别是EGFR的抑制剂,在WO 00/31048第8页,22-6行上有描述。PKIl 66(Novartis),为吡咯并嘧啶EGFR抑制剂,在WO 97/27199第10-12页上有描述。GW2016(GlaxoSmithKline)为EGFR和HER2抑制剂;EKB569(Wyeth),据报道在体外和体内抑制表达EGFR或HER2的肿瘤细胞的生长;AG-1478(Tryphostin),为抑制来自EGFR和erbB-2信号的喹唑啉小分子;AG-1478(Sugen)也为抑制蛋白激酶CK2的双底物抑制剂;PD 153035(Parke-Davis)据报道抑制EGFR激酶活性和肿瘤生长,在培养细胞中诱导细胞凋亡和加强细胞毒性药物的细胞毒性作用;SPM-924(Schwarz Pharma),为用于前列腺癌治疗的酪氨酸激酶抑制剂;CP-546,989(OSIPharmaceuticals),据报道为治疗实体瘤的血管生成的抑制剂;ADL-681,为用于癌症治疗的EGFR激酶抑制剂;PD 158780,为吡啶并嘧啶,据报道可抑制A4431在鼠体异种移植的肿瘤生长率;CP-358,774,为喹唑啉,据报道可抑制HN5在鼠体内异种移植的自主磷酸化;ZDl839,为喹唑啉,据报道在异种移植模型,包括外阴癌、NSCLC、前列腺癌、卵巢癌和直肠结肠癌的小鼠模型上有抗癌活性;CGP 59326A,为吡咯并嘧啶,据报道可以抑制鼠体内EGFR阳性的异种移植的生长;PD 165557(Pfizer);CGP54211和CGP53353(Novartis),为二苯胺基邻苯二甲酰亚胺。自然来源的EGFR酪氨酸激酶抑制剂包括金雀异黄素、除莠霉素A、槲皮苷和erbstatin。
其他据报道有抑制EGFR作用、因而在本发明的范围内的小分子为正如在美国专利号5,679,683中描述的化合物那样的三环化合物;在美国专利号5,616,582中描述的喹唑啉衍生物;在美国专利号5,196,446中描述的吲哚化合物。
在另一个实施方案中,EGFR拮抗剂可以与一种或多种合适的佐剂联合给药,如,例如细胞因子IL-10和IL-13或其他免疫刺激剂,正如,但不限于趋化因子、肿瘤相关抗原和肽,见,如Larrivee等,supra。然而应该看到,以有效治疗的方式单独使用抗-EGFR抗体足以预防、抑制或减缓肿瘤的进展。
在一个联合疗法中,抗-EGFR抗体可以在给予其他治疗药物的之前、之中或之后给药,也可以是它们的联合,即在开始抗肿瘤药物治疗的之前和之中,之前和之后,之中和之后,或之前、之中和之后。例如抗-EGFR抗体可以在开始放射治疗的1到30天之间,优选3到20天,更优选5到12天给药。在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,同时给予化疗药物或更优选地,在抗体治疗以后给予。
在本发明中,任何合适的方法和途径均可用于本发明中的抗-EGFR抗体的给药和可选性地,用于与抗肿瘤药物和/或其他受体拮抗剂的共同给药。本发明所用的抗肿瘤药物治疗方案,包括任何被认为是治疗病人肿瘤状况的最佳治疗方案。不同的肿瘤要求使用特殊的抗肿瘤抗体和特殊的抗肿瘤药物,这将根据一个个病人来决定。给药途径包括,例如,口服、静脉、腹膜内、皮下或肌肉内给药。拮抗剂的给药剂量取决于许多因素,包括,例如拮抗剂的类型、被治疗的肿瘤的类型和严重程度和拮抗剂给药的途径。然而,应该强调的是,本发明不限于任何具体的给药方法和途径。
值得注意的是,本发明中的抗-EGFR抗体能用作缀合物给药,其特异性结合到受体上,通过配体-毒素内化将致死量毒素导入细胞,抗体-药物/小分子缀合物可以相互间直接相连或通过肽或非肽接头相连。
在本发明的另一个方面,本发明的抗-EGFR抗体可以以化学或生物合成的方法连接到一个或多个抗肿瘤或抗血管生长药物上。
本发明进一步精心设计将靶或报告组成成分与抗-EGFR抗体相连。靶组成成分为结合对子的第一个成员。抗肿瘤药物,例如被连接到这种结合对子的第二个成员上,这样药物就可以被带到抗-EGFR抗体要到达的地方。这种结合对常见的例子为亲和素和生物素,在一个实施方案中,生物素被结合到抗-EGFR抗体上,因此,为结合到亲和素或链霉亲和素的抗肿瘤药物和其他组成成分提供了一个靶目标。或者,生物素或其他这样的组成成分可被连接到本发明的抗-EGFR抗体上,用作报告分子,例如,在一个诊断系统中,可检测的信号产生药物被缀合到了亲和素或链霉亲和素上。
应该清楚,本发明中的抗-EGFR抗体,当用于对哺乳动物进行预防和治疗的目的时,将会以还含有药学上可接受的载体的组合物形式给药。合适的药学上可接受的载体包括,例如,一种或多种水、生理盐水、磷酸盐缓冲液、葡萄糖、甘油、酒精等,以及它们的联合。药学上可接受的载体进一步含有少量辅助物质,如用于增强结合蛋白的保存期和有效性的增湿剂或乳化剂、保存剂或缓冲剂。注射组合物,正如本领域所熟知,可以被制成在给药予哺乳动物后提供快速、持久或缓慢释放活性成分的制剂。
本发明还包括含有治疗有效剂量的人抗EGFR抗体的抑制肿瘤生长和/或肿瘤相关血管生成的试剂盒,该试剂盒可含有任何合适的,例如,其他涉及到肿瘤生成或血管生成的生长因子受体(如以上描述的VEGFR-1/Flt-1,VEGFR-2,PDGFR,IGFR,NGFR,FGFR)的拮抗剂。任选性的或附加的,本发明的试剂盒可进一步含有抗肿瘤药物,本发明背景下合适的抗肿瘤药物的例子已经被描述。本发明的试剂盒还可进一步含有佐剂,其例子也已经被描述。
此外,包括在本发明范围内的还有本领域所熟知的本抗体用于体内和体外研究和诊断的方法,该诊断方法包括含有本发明抗体的试剂盒。
因此,本受体拮抗剂可以用于本领域所熟知的体内和体外研究、诊断、预防和治疗的方法。当然,应该明白和预料到这里所公开的发明原则可以被本领域的技术人员改变,这里有意将这些改变包括在本发明的范围内。
EGFR活性增强有时关系到与本发明要治疗的情况。较高水平的配体、EGFR基因扩增、受体的转录增高或引起非调节性受体信号的突变均导致EGFR活性增强。编码EGFR的基因扩增也引起与EGFR结合的配体数目增加,这样可以进一步刺激细胞增生。EGFR可在无基因扩增的情况下过度表达,推测是通过突变增强了EGFR的转录、mRNA的翻译或蛋白的稳定性。EGFR突变体已在含有组成型活化酪氨酸激酶的的神经胶质瘤、非小细胞肺癌、卵巢癌和前列腺癌中发现,提示高水平EGFR活性在这些肿瘤中发挥了作用而不是EGFR的过度表达。参见,如Pedersen等,Ann.Oncol.,12(6):745-60(2001).(Type III EGFR mutation-variously named EGFRvIII,de2-7EGFR or AEGFR-lacks a portion of theextracellular ligand binding domain encoded by exons 2-7.);也见Wikstrand等,Cancer Res.,55:3140-3148(1995)。
实施例
以下实施例进一步阐明了本发明,但不应该被视为对本发明的范围在任何方面的限制。那些用于构建载体和质粒、将编码多肽的基因插入这样的载体和质粒、将质粒导入宿主细胞和基因和基因产物的表达和鉴定的常规方法的详细描述可以从各种出版物上获得,包括Sambrook,J.等,Molecular Cloning:A Laboratory Manual,2nd ed.,Cold SpringHarbor Laboratory Press(1989).所有这里提到的参考资料被整体结合于此。
实施例1-抗-EGFR抗体的分离
简单地讲,该人抗体从人幼稚(naive)Fab噬菌体文库,通过与从EGFR阳性肿瘤中分离到的可溶性人EGFR的生物淘选得到,文库从Dyax,Cambridge,MA获得。该含有人细胞(外周B淋巴细胞)产生的抗体的重链和轻链可变区的幼稚Fab噬菌体文库构建自幼稚型未免疫的人的、无肿瘤的脾细胞,细胞取自一个胃癌病人。通过使用V基因特异的顺行和逆行引物进行首轮扩增,并将这些VH和VL基因克隆入不同的载体中(WO 00/70023)。
将该Fab文库原种培养到对数生长阶段,用M13K07辅助噬菌体挽救,在2YT AK培养基(2YT含100μg/ml氨苄青霉素和50μg/ml卡拉霉素)中,30℃温度下,扩增过夜。噬菌体制备物用4%PEG/0.5M NaCl沉淀,并重悬于3%脱脂奶/PBS中以封闭非特异性结合。
接近11012pfu预封闭的噬菌体与106EGFR过度表达的A431细胞在1ml平面DMEM培养基中4℃孵育1小时。继后,细胞用PBS洗5遍,结合的噬菌体通过在含有0.5mg/ml的IMC-C225的PBS中室温孵育30分钟以洗脱。洗脱的噬菌体与10ml对数生长期中期的TGl细胞37℃静止孵育30分钟再摇动孵育30分钟。感染后的TGl细胞沉淀后,再涂布到几个大2YTAG培养皿上,30℃过夜培养。将所有的克隆刮下,置于3-5ml混合有甘油(甘油的终浓度为10%)的2YTA培养基中,分装并保存于-70℃。对下一轮筛选,100μl噬菌体原种加入25ml的2YT AG培养基中,培养到对数生长中期。培养物用M13K07辅助噬菌体挽救、扩增、沉淀并用于以上描述的过程后的筛选。
随机挑选各轮筛选后收获的单个TGl克隆,在96孔板中37℃温度下培养,如以上描述的那样用M13K07辅助噬菌体挽救。该噬菌体制备物用1/6体积的18%奶/PBS室温封闭1小时,再加到包被有重组EGFR(1μg/ml x 100μl)的Maxi-sorp 96孔微量滴定板(Nunc)中。室温孵育1小时后,用PBST洗板3次,再与鼠抗M13噬菌体-HRP缀合物(Amersham PharmaciaBiotech,Piscataway,NJ)孵育。洗板5次,加入TMB过氧化物酶底物(KPL,Gaithersburg,MD),用微孔板读数仪(Molecular Devices,Sunnyvale,CA)在450nm吸收波长下读板。
确认的克隆进一步进行阻断EGF结合的测试,各克隆的DNA指纹用于区别不同克隆,各酶切图谱的代表性克隆被选出用于DNA序列测定。
实施例2-可溶性Fab片段的表达和纯化
含有编码11F8Fab的基因的质粒用于转化非抑制子E.coli宿主HB2151,Fab片段在HB2151中的表达通过在含有1mM异丙基-1-硫代-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷(IPTG,Sigma)的2YTA培养基中,30℃温度条件下诱导培养。通过将细胞沉淀物重悬于含有20%(w/v)蔗糖、200mMNaCl、ImM EDTA和1mM PMSF的25mM Tris(pH 7.5)中,继而4℃轻摇培养1小时,制备出细胞周质提取物。经离心,根据厂家(Amersham Pharmacia Biotech)的方法,通过用蛋白G柱亲和层析将可溶性Fab蛋白纯化出来。
实施例3-人抗EGFR IgG1抗体的构建
人抗-EGFR Fab被构建入一个完整的IgGl中。从人幼稚噬菌体展示文库中确认选出的Fab候选者,Cl1F8,对人EGFR(ErbB)有高亲和力结合和配体阻断活性。编码11F8Fab轻链可变区(SEQ ID NO:15)和重链可变区(SEQ ID NO:7)的基因通过PCR扩增获得,并被克隆进用谷氨酰胺酶表达系统的含有人IgG1恒定区的表达载体中,该系统从Lonza Biologies,Inc获得。
根据厂家的说明,通过列于表3中的引物,用Expand PCR试剂盒(BoehringerMannheim,Inc.)进行两步法PCR扩增。
表3.PCR扩增引物
简而言之,重链和轻链的PCR产物以C11F8 Fab质粒为模板,用重链顺行和逆行引物(C11F8HF和C11F8HR)和轻链的顺行和逆行引物对(C11F8LF和C11F8LR)在50μL ExpandBuffer System#3反应物中,按表4中列出的循环条件进行扩增。
表4
得到的PCR产物在免疫球蛋白基因的5’端加入了一个57bp的编码19个氨基酸的鼠重链基因信号序列((MGWSCIILFLVATATGVHS,SEQ ID NO:25):),该序列使免疫球蛋白能够有效地加工和分泌。为有效启动基因在哺乳动物内的翻译,通过在第二轮PCR中用顺行引物OSIF分别联合CH11F8HR或C11F8LR进行扩增将共有序列″Kozak″(J.MoI.Biol.196:947)加入。该PCR产物还含有方便将扩增产物克隆进合适表达载体的5′Hind III的限制性内切酶位点。
琼脂糖胶纯化的Hind III-Nhe I重链片段被克隆进CMV启动子驱动的载体pDFc(图1A)以产生连贯的编码可变区和恒定区DNA序列的cDNA。Hind III-Xba I轻链片段被克隆进第二个CMV启动子驱动的载体p12.IL(图IB),得到的构建体含有一个可从新生RNA转录物上被有效剪切的分隔可变区和kappa恒定区的单一内含子。该重组质粒用于转化感受态E.coli,选择到的质粒分离体在COS细胞中进行暂时性共表达重链和轻链筛选。
实施例4-人抗EGFR抗体的表达
为了获得稳定转染,将含有CMV启动子的重链表达盒的Not I-Sal I片段克隆进含轻链的p12.IL载体,得到的质粒载体pGS-11F8进行了限制性酶切位点定位分析(见图1C)。其酶切分析结果在图2显示。
用于产生11F8单克隆抗体的重组细胞系来源于非分泌的鼠骨髓瘤细胞系NSO(参见Barnes等,Cytotechnology 32:109(2000))。NSO细胞系从Lonza Biologies,Inc.(Slough,Berkshire,UK)获得。
通过电穿孔的方法将pGS-11F8转化进入骨髓瘤细胞系NSO,用BioRad GenePulser II,在250V电压、400μFd电容和9.0msec的观察时间常数条件进行转染。将经过电穿孔后的细胞重悬于含10%的透析过的胎牛血清dFCS(HyClone,Logan,UT)和2mM谷氨酰胺(InVitrogen/Life Technologies,Paisley,PA)的DMEM中。50μl重悬的细胞以5,000-10,000细胞/孔的密度接种到96孔板中,谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)阳性的转染子通过加入含10%dFCS无谷氨酰胺的DMEM培养基,转染后24小时补充1x GS(JRH Biosciences,Inc.)进行筛选。在37℃,5%CO2条件下培养细胞2到4周,以使细胞在筛选抗体表达克隆前得到生长和扩增。
表达抗EGFR抗体的克隆用基于辣根过氧化物酶标记的抗人Fc(gamma)抗体的ELISA方法进行筛选,在A450nm波长进行检测。对阳性克隆进行扩增,经过3到5天培养后进行再检测。强阳性克隆(抗体产生为25μL/mg或更多)经扩增后进行进一步分析。基于抗体249μg/mL的批产量,克隆#34被挑选出进行有限稀释法亚克隆和再测试。克隆34-5基于恒定的和与父辈细胞(批产量=310μg/mL,补料分批产量=0.75-0.8g/L)相同或更高的产出水平被挑选出。克隆#34-5-3在经过第二轮亚克隆后被分离出,分析结果显示克隆#34-5-3产生高水平的抗体(批产量=324μg/mL,补料分批产量=1.0-1.2g/L),对这一克隆的进一步鉴定在以下实施例中进行。
实施例5-抗体与EGFR的体外结合
通过固相ELISA法对比IMC-11F8和IMC-C225的结合特征进行抗体筛选。96孔微孔板用1μg/mL碳酸盐缓冲液4℃包被过夜。微孔板用含10%新生牛血清的磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)37℃封闭1小时。各种不同量的IMC-11F8或IMC-C225被加入板中,再室温孵育60分钟,继之用PBS洗板。加入辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)缀合标记的鼠抗人Fc抗体,室温孵育60分钟,继之用大量PBS洗板。然后,加入HRP底物孵育30秒到2分钟,用0.1M H2SO4终止反应。用ELISA读板仪在OD450nm下读板。
图3显示IMC-11F8和IMC-C225抗体与EGFR结合。IMC-11F8和MC-C225二者对EGFR的结合相当。
实施例6-抗EGFR抗体的结合动力学
IMC-11F8和MC-C225IgG抗体和它们各自的Fab片段的结合动力学用BIAcore传感器(Pharmacia Biosensor,)测定。EGFR-AP融合蛋白被固化到传感器芯片上,可溶性IMC-11F8和IMC-C225抗体以1.5nM-100nM的浓度注入。各浓度条件下所得到的传感图用BIAEvaluation 2.0,一种确定率常数kon和koff的程序进行分析,亲和常数Kd根据率常数kon和koff进行计算。
本抗EGFR抗体的结合动力学在表5中显示,结果表明两个IgG抗体有着相当的对EGFR的结合动力。
表5
实施例7-抗EGFR的特异性
抗体与EGFR的结合用125I-EGF竞争试验来评估。HT29细胞在含1.5mM L-谷氨酰胺,10%CS和抗生素的McCoy′s 5a培养基中,以2x 104细胞/孔的密度,37℃条件下接种24孔COSTARTM板(Fisher Scientific,U.S.A.),单层细胞在混合有各种不同量的未标记EGF、11F8或IMC-C225的各种浓度的125I-EGF存在的条件下室温孵育1小时,然后用冷PBS洗细胞,细胞相关的放射性用γ计数仪来测定。
图4显示125I-EGF与HT29细胞上的EGFR的结合被抑制。在浓度10-100nM之间,IMC-11F8和IMC-C225在抑制125I-EGF与HT29细胞上的EGFR的结合上同样有效。两个抗体的竞争结合效果都优于EGFR的天然配体,EGF。在抑制125I-EGF与A431细胞上的EGFR的结合试验中也观察到了相似的结果。
实施例8-EGFR活化
简而言之,用BxPC3或A431细胞进行激酶受体活化试验(KIRA assay)或磷酸化试验。细胞先在补加有4mML-谷氨酰胺,另含有1.5g/L碳酸氢钠和4.5g/L葡萄糖,10%CS的DME中,37℃培养至90%融汇度。试验进行前,细胞在补加有0.5%CS的DME中饥饿24小时,为了评价抗体的效果,即IMC-11F8、IMC-C225和IMC-1C11对EGF诱导的EGFR活化的效果,各种浓度的抗体在室温下预结合30分钟,然后用8ng/mL的EGF刺激15分钟,继刺激之后,单层细胞用冰冷的含有1mM正钒酸钠的PBS洗涤。用裂解缓冲液[20mM Tric-HCl,pH.7.4、1%TritonX-100、137mM NaCl、10%甘油、10mM EDTA、2mM正钒酸钠、100mM NaF、100mM焦磷酸钠、5mMSC(Boehringer Mannheim Biochemicals,Indianapolis,IN)、100μg蛋白酶抑制剂和100μg/mL亮抑酶肽]裂解细胞,并在14,000x g条件下离心10分钟。澄清的细胞裂解液被加入到包被有抗EGFR多克隆抗体的96孔板中,然后洗板以去除非特异性结合的蛋白,加入抗磷酸化酪氨酸抗体来检测EGFR的磷酸化水平。经彻底洗板后,用ELISA读板仪在OD450nm波长下测定结合的抗磷酸化酪氨酸抗体的量。
结果显示,与对照抗体IMC-I C11相比,IMC-11F8在BxPC3(图5)和A431(图6)细胞中均能明显降低EGFR的磷酸化。
抑制EGF刺激的EGFR磷酸化的作用进一步用免疫沉淀的EGFR的Western免疫印迹来分析。如前所述,A431细胞与抗体预结合后用EGF刺激。一个与EGFR结合但不抑制EGFR的磷酸化的抗体用作对照。用抗EGFR的多克隆抗体,继之用蛋白A琼脂糖珠将蛋白(EGFR)从澄清的裂解液中免疫沉淀出来。结合的琼脂糖珠用0.2%Triton X-100,10mM Tris-HCl,pH8.0,150mM NaCl,2mM EDTA(Buffer A)洗涤一次,再用含500mM NaCl的缓冲液A洗两次,并用Tris-HCl,pH 8.0洗两次。去除液体的琼脂糖珠与30μL 2X SDS上样缓冲液混合、煮沸,将其上清用于SDS-PAGE电泳。在电泳分离开蛋白条带后,蛋白条带被转移到硝酸纤维素滤膜上,用于Western印迹分析。滤膜在50mM Tris-HCl,pH7.4,150mM NaCl(TBS)含5%牛血清白蛋白和10%脱脂奶的封闭缓冲液中封闭过夜。为了检测磷酸化的受体,印迹膜用含于封闭缓冲液中的抗磷酸化酪氨酸抗体在室温下孵育1小时,用含0.1%Tween-20(TBS-T)的0.5xTBS彻底洗涤,再与HRP缀合标记的羊抗鼠Ig(Amersham,Little Chalfont,U.K.)孵育,用TBS洗膜,再与化学发光试剂(ECL,Amersham,Little Chalfont,U.K.)孵育1分钟。通过曝光于高效应光学检测胶片(Hyperfilm-ECL,Amersham,Little Chalfont,U.K.)0.5到10分钟,来检测与磷酸化蛋白作用的抗磷酸化酪氨酸。
图7A的Western印迹分析显示IMC-11F8,同IMC-C225一样,抑制EGFR磷酸化。EGF抗体和对照抗体处理的细胞都不能完全抑制EGFR的磷酸化。图7B显示加入抗体到细胞中对EGFR的合成无抑制作用。图8显示EGFR的磷酸化被IMC-11F8抑制。在最低抗体试验浓度(0.8nM)时,在3种不同来源的肿瘤细胞系(A431,BxPC3,HT-29)中均观察到大于70%的抑制。
IMC-11F8对EGFR下游的主要信号分子MAP激酶p44/p42的效应也被检验。IMC-11F8阻断A431、BxPC3和HT-29细胞内继EGF刺激后的p44/42MAP激酶的磷酸化,且阻断呈剂量依赖性方式(Fig.4)。
实施例9-抑制细胞增殖
MTT细胞增殖试验是通过黄色的四唑MTT(3-(4,5-二甲噻唑基-2)-2,5-苯基四唑溴化物)被代谢活跃的细胞还原为细胞内紫色的可溶甲(formazan)产物,再用光谱检测的方法对其进行定量从而进行比色测定。简而言之,DiFi细胞在含10%CS DMEM的培养基中培养过夜。抗体IMC-11F8、IMC-C225或IMC-IC11被一式三份加入孔中,在37℃,5%CO2条件下继续培养72小时。为了测定细胞增殖,加入20μL分装的四唑染料于各孔中,37℃孵育3小时。当在显微镜下能清楚看到紫色沉淀时,加入100μl去污剂以裂解细胞,在OD570nm测定甲产物的吸光度来定量增殖。
如图9所示,与对照抗体IMC-IC 11不同,IMC-11F8与IMC-C225一样是细胞增殖的强抑制剂。
实施例10-抗体依赖的细胞毒性(ADCC)活性
一种测定细胞死亡的方法是通过抗体依赖的细胞介导的细胞毒性试验或ADCC来进行的,它通常使用放射性51Cr。用51Cr标记的靶细胞与抗体混合,杀伤程度通过51Cr的释放来检测。简而言之,接近3x 106DiFi细胞悬于0.5μl培养基中,加入0.5mCi的Na51CrO4,将该混合物在37℃孵育1小时并不时摇动,然后细胞用冷培养基洗3遍。标记好的细胞被悬于100μl含有不同浓度的抗EGFR抗体(IMC-11F8或IMC-C225)的培养基中,4℃孵育30分钟。然后细胞用培养基离心洗涤3次,加入兔补体,在37℃继续与处理过的细胞孵育1小时,再加入50μl冷培养基并离心。移出上清,细胞释放到上清中的放射性用gamma计数器进行测定。加入1%Triton X到靶细胞得到放射性的最大释放,细胞毒性的百分比用实验释放cpm减去背景cpm乘以100%,然后除以(最大释放cpm减背景cpm)来计算。
图10显示通过IMC-11F8和IMC-C225(或ERBITUXTM)经抗体依赖的细胞毒性或ADCC活性介导的细胞死亡。
实施例11-小鼠肿瘤细胞生长的体内抑制
体内抗肿瘤研究被设计来确定IMC-11F8是否阻断异种移植模型上肿瘤细胞的生长。无胸腺的小鼠(nu/nu;Charles River Lab,Wilmington,MA)胁腹皮下注射1-2百万A431或BxPC-3细胞,抗EGFR抗体(IMC-11F8和IMC-C225)或对照抗体以1mg/剂量或0.3mg/剂量腹膜内注射,每周3次。肿瘤大小每周用卡钳测量3次并计算肿瘤的体积(参见Baselga等,JNatl.Cancer Inst.(1993)85:1327-1333)。
图11显示IMC-11F8在A431异种移植模型中的抗肿瘤活性。1mg剂量时(图11,右图)与对照动物相比,IMC-11F8在阻止和抑制肿瘤生长方面与IMC-C225(CETUXIMAB)一样有效,在较低剂量,0.3mg时,肿瘤的生长进展受阻。类似,图12显示了IMC-11F8和IMC-C225在第二个肿瘤模型上的效果(BxPC-3异种移植)。BxPC3肿瘤生长的动力学与在A431肿瘤模型上观察到的类似。在1.0mg/小鼠/注射剂量水平,IMC-11F8导致8只A413载瘤动物中的6只肿瘤消退,8只BxPC3载瘤动物中的5只肿瘤消退。
A431和BxPC3异种移植的免疫组化染色显示,IMC-11F8处理明显降低肿瘤细胞的密度并增加瘤体内无细胞性坏死残片区域(图13)。此外IMC-11F8降低整个肿瘤切片中的Ki-67阳性细胞的百分比,表明瘤内细胞的增殖降低(图13)。
实施例12-IMC-11F8联合疗法
用0.3mg或1.0mg/注射的IMC-11F8,给异种移植了人结肠直肠癌细胞GEO、DLD-I或HT-29,瘤体积接近200-300mm3的裸鼠,每周2次腹膜内注射,单独用药或联合使用伊立替康(CPT-11),剂量100mg/公斤,每周1次。每周两次测量肿瘤大小。
用0.3mg或1.0mg/鼠/注射IMC-11F8T明显抑制3种结肠直肠癌(GEO或DLD-I或HT-29;图14A-C)异种移植的生长。当给GEO异种移植的载瘤小鼠联合CPT-11给药时,IMC-11F8明显增强了单用CPT-11时对肿瘤的抑制(图14A;两个剂量的IMC-11F8p<0.01)。更为明显的是,当单用CPT-11时在本模型上不引起肿瘤的消退,但分别与0.3mg或1.0mg/鼠/注射的IMC-11F8联合用药后,10只中的4只和10只中的9只出现了肿瘤的消退(分别p=0.004和p<0.0001)。类似的联合抗肿瘤效果在两个其他异种抑制模型,DLD-I(图14B)和HT-29(图14C)中也观察到,高剂量组(1.0mg)的肿瘤消退有相同的统计学意义。图14D显示当CPT-11联合IMC-11F8用药后,在3个结肠直肠癌异种移植模型中观察到的肿瘤消退明显增加。
实施例-IMC-11F8的药物动力学
在食蟹猴体内对IMC-11F8的药物动力学进行了研究并与IMC-C225进行了对比。用单一剂量的、20.5mg/kg125I-标记的MC-11F8和TMC-C225分别静脉注射于猴体,同日取血确定滞留于动物血浆中的抗体水平。表6提供了在食蟹猴体内IMC-11F8和IMC-C225的药物动力学对比。
表6
本领域技术人员对这里公开的发明原则的可能改动是可以理解和可以预期的,这里有意将这样的改动包括在本发明的范围之内。
Claims (5)
1.治疗有效量的分离的、与人EGFR特异结合的人抗体或其Fab片段在制备用于在哺乳动物中抑制肿瘤生长的药物中的用途,其中,所述的肿瘤选自结肠直肠肿瘤、头颈部肿瘤、胰腺肿瘤、肺肿瘤,其中所述抗体或其Fab片段含有以下的互补决定区:如序列SEQ ID NO:2所示的CDRH1,如序列SEQ ID NO:4所示的CDRH2,如序列SEQ ID NO:6所示的CDRH3,如序列SEQ ID NO:10所示的CDRL1,如序列SEQ ID NO:12所示的CDRL2和如序列SEQ ID NO:14所示的CDRL3。
2.权利要求1所述的用途,其中所述抗体或其Fab片段与抗肿瘤药物联合用药。
3.权利要求2所述的用途,其中抗肿瘤药物为化疗药物。
4.权利要求2所述的用途,其中抗肿瘤药物为依立替康CPT-11。
5.权利要求2所述的用途,其中所述抗体或其Fab片段与放射线联合施用。
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2005
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- 2005-03-21 US US10/593,804 patent/US7598350B2/en active Active
- 2005-03-21 ES ES05732383T patent/ES2387809T3/es active Active
- 2005-03-21 CN CN201210509997.4A patent/CN103007279B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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- 2005-03-21 MX MXPA06010715A patent/MXPA06010715A/es active IP Right Grant
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- 2005-03-21 EP EP05732383A patent/EP1735348B1/en active Active
- 2005-03-21 WO PCT/US2005/009583 patent/WO2005090407A1/en active Application Filing
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- 2005-03-21 AU AU2005224267A patent/AU2005224267B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2005-03-21 EP EP10176938A patent/EP2332990A1/en not_active Withdrawn
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- 2016-06-01 LT LTPA2016020C patent/LTC1735348I2/lt unknown
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CY2016016I1 (el) | 2016-12-14 |
JP4734319B2 (ja) | 2011-07-27 |
HUS000495I2 (hu) | 2021-03-29 |
ES2387809T3 (es) | 2012-10-02 |
LTC1735348I2 (lt) | 2017-11-10 |
MXPA06010715A (es) | 2007-05-23 |
AU2005224267B2 (en) | 2011-07-21 |
RU2006137060A (ru) | 2008-04-27 |
LU93093I2 (fr) | 2016-08-01 |
WO2005090407A8 (en) | 2005-12-01 |
CY2016016I2 (el) | 2016-12-14 |
CN103007279A (zh) | 2013-04-03 |
RU2402569C2 (ru) | 2010-10-27 |
PT1735348E (pt) | 2012-07-24 |
CY1113037T1 (el) | 2016-04-13 |
DK1735348T3 (da) | 2012-07-16 |
CA2560305A1 (en) | 2005-09-29 |
EP2332990A1 (en) | 2011-06-15 |
US7598350B2 (en) | 2009-10-06 |
AU2005224267A1 (en) | 2005-09-29 |
EP1735348A1 (en) | 2006-12-27 |
PL1735348T3 (pl) | 2012-11-30 |
EP1735348B1 (en) | 2012-06-20 |
CA2560305C (en) | 2016-07-05 |
US20070264253A1 (en) | 2007-11-15 |
WO2005090407A1 (en) | 2005-09-29 |
HUS1600030I1 (hu) | 2016-07-28 |
NL300819I2 (zh) | 2016-07-21 |
JP2008500815A (ja) | 2008-01-17 |
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