CN1029130C - 润滑油组合物 - Google Patents

润滑油组合物 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1029130C
CN1029130C CN92111202A CN92111202A CN1029130C CN 1029130 C CN1029130 C CN 1029130C CN 92111202 A CN92111202 A CN 92111202A CN 92111202 A CN92111202 A CN 92111202A CN 1029130 C CN1029130 C CN 1029130C
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Prior art keywords
lubricating oil
polycarbonate
compound
formula
oil composition
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Expired - Fee Related
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CN92111202A
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CN1072948A (zh
Inventor
水井公也
渡边和幸
柏英则
林刚史
岛本健治
田中正秀
高畑和纪
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Mitsui Chemical Industry Co Ltd
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Mitsui Petrochemical Industries Ltd
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Priority claimed from JP3249198A external-priority patent/JP2928413B2/ja
Priority claimed from JP4154755A external-priority patent/JPH05339590A/ja
Application filed by Mitsui Petrochemical Industries Ltd filed Critical Mitsui Petrochemical Industries Ltd
Publication of CN1072948A publication Critical patent/CN1072948A/zh
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Publication of CN1029130C publication Critical patent/CN1029130C/zh
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    • C10M107/30Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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Abstract

本发明第一种润滑油组合物包括:下式所示的聚碳酸酯,至少一种作为必要组份的化合物(选自由环氧化合物,酚化合物,碳化物和胺化物组成的组),以及作为任选组分的亚磷酸三酯和磷酸三酯化合物。
R1OCOO[(R2O)pCOO]nR3
其中R1,R3分别为特定的烃基或含醚键的烃基,R2为特定的烯基,p和n为特定整数。
该润滑油组合物具有极佳的润滑性,清洁性和电绝缘性,并且低温下降低粘度容易,此外可抑制CO2生成。

Description

本发明涉及润滑油组合物。尤其是,本发明涉及润滑性能,去污力和电绝缘性能极佳的润滑油组合物,该润滑油组合物可用作为工业齿轮油,汽车引擎油,汽车齿轮油,制冷机用润滑油,轧钢机用润滑油以及纺织工业用润滑油,对于这些油品的润滑性能和去污力的要求现在比过去要严格。特别是,本发明涉及的润滑油组合物非常适用于作为以氢化碳氟、氢化碳氟氯或它们混和物为制冷剂的制冷机的润滑油。
润滑油包括,例如:工业齿轮油,引擎油,制冷机用润滑油,纺织工业用润滑油和轧钢机用润滑油。
近来,对工业齿轮油要求能在高温场合保持其润滑性能和去污力,这是由于使用各种工业机器的环境条件日益恶劣。尤其是在烘漆过程或烤烘食品过程中,要求这些油品具有更佳的润滑性能和去污力。在这些领域中,通常是采用合成碳氢化合物型,羧酸酯型或乙二醇型润滑油。
然而,合成碳氢化合物型和羧酸酯型油存在这样的问题,它们在润滑性能不好,以及由于长时期加热而碳化使得它们在高温下不能发挥润滑油功能。另一方面,乙二醇型润滑虽然具有长时期加热几乎不碳化的优点,但是它们的润滑性能不好,且具有高吸湿性(吸水性),因此,这些油品被要求在润滑性能和抗吸湿性上作出改进。
由于汽车引擎性能的提高,引擎油被要求能在长时期的高温下具有润滑性能和去污分散性能,至于使用添加剂来满足这些要求时,则需要大量的添加剂,因此会产生凝乳状油泥(低温残渣类似物)的沉淀。另外,已按惯例尝试过合成碳氢型油或羧酸酯型油和作为基油的矿物油的共用。但是这样得到的引擎油不论是润滑性还是长时期高温下的去污分散性都不理想。
与上述用于汽车引擎的润滑油(即用作四冲程引擎的润滑油)不同,把用作二冲程引擎的润滑油加入到汽油中,易在二冲程引擎中发生燃烧,因此去污力对于用于二冲程引擎的润滑油尤其重要。作为二冲程引擎用润滑油,目前为止使用蓖麻油,聚丁烯等,但其润滑性和去污力都不够。
汽车齿轮油,尤其是防冻用齿轮油,必需减小摩擦系数并进一步随时间而减小摩擦系数。因此,通常加入一种减摩剂或摩擦调节剂以减小摩擦系数。然而,含这些添加剂的汽车齿轮润滑油带来了在使用中摩擦系数增大的问题。
作为纺织工业用润滑油,目前为止是使用羧酸酯型或乙二醇型,但其润滑性和去污力不能令人满意。
作为轧钢机用润滑油,通常使用牛油作主体组份。这种润滑油显示了良好的润滑性和极佳的滚动摩擦,但是这些油品的去污力明显地较差,以致于必需有一清除剩余牛油步骤。轧钢机用润滑油也有使用羧酸酯型,但这类油显示了较差的润滑性,导致实用性较差,尽管其去污力极佳。
随着制冷机的制冷剂变更成对臭氧层无破坏性的R-134a(CH2F-CF3),迄今把矿物油或烷基苯化合物作为制冷机用的润滑油已不合用了,因为它们与制冷气无相容性。因而,目前已发展成将乙二醇醚型润滑油作为含上述制冷剂的制冷机用的润滑油。
例如,U.S.PatentNO.4,755,316揭示了一种用于压缩制冷机,具有分子量300到2,000,及在37℃时的动力粘度约25到150cst的四氟乙烷和聚氧化烯基乙二醇的组合物。
但是,该文也提出了这样的不足之外,即这种乙二醇酯型润滑油通常热稳定性不好和吸水性高,且还会使诸如NBR之类的橡胶密封材料收缩而增加其硬度。
用于汽车空调一种惯通叶轮型回转式压缩机的会引起压缩机尺寸变小,并提高其功率的 润滑油因而在近几年得到使用。作为惯通叶轮回转压缩机所用润滑油,对那些具有高粘度的润滑油的要求比那些具有密封性和摩擦阻力的润滑油更高。但是,当具有乙二醇醚结构的化合物通过增加分子量以具有高粘度时,一般地,它与对臭氧层无破坏性的R-134a的相容性恶化,因此从结构上看,这类化合物不能被应用。
更进一步地,被称为“多元醇酯”和“位阻酯”的羧酸酯型润滑油最近已用作为对臭氧层无破坏性的氢化碳氟为制冷剂的制冷机的润滑油。但是这种润滑油会水解或热分解成羧酸,及所产生的羧酸会导致制冷机内金属的腐蚀和磨损现象或镀铜现象。因此,使用上述的润滑油,制冷机的工作寿命也成了问题。更进一步,由水解或热分解形成的部分羧酸会进一步在苛刻的使用条件下分解产生二氧化碳气体。这种二氧化碳对于一般的以碳氟、碳氟氯或其氢化物为制冷剂的制冷机系统无冷凝性,因此减弱了制冷效果,并导致压缩过程中温度升高。
对臭氧层无破坏性的氢化碳氟(HFC)实际上也包括R-152a和上述R-134a。用于制冷剂的还可是对臭氧有较小存坏性的氢化碳氟氯(HCFC),以及这种氢化碳氟氯实际上包括,例如,R-22,R-123和R-124。这类氢化碳氟氯可单独或与氢化碳氟一起使用。
本发明人进行了认真研究,目的在于得到具有极佳的润滑性,去污力,电绝缘性以及与氢化碳氟(HFC)和氢化碳氟氯(HCFC)相容性,而且可避免产生羧酸和二氧化碳气体的润滑油。结果,本发明人发现:要获得上述各种性能都极佳的润滑油组合物,可以通过掺合特定的聚碳酸酯和至少一种化合物(选自于由特定量的环氧化合物,苯酚化合物,硫化物和胺化合物所组成的组),或通过掺和特定的由糖类衍生的聚碳酸酯和一定量的亚磷酸三酯,从而完成了本发明。
本发明是要解决上述的已有技术中的这些问题,本发明的目的是提供一种润滑性,去污力,电绝缘性,以及与氢化碳氟(HFC)和氢化碳氟氯(HCFC)的相溶性极佳的,且可避免羧酸和二氧化碳气体产生的润滑油组合物。
更特别地,本发明目的是提供一种适合于在对臭氧无破坏性的氢化碳氟(HFC)为制冷剂的制冷机(如汽车空调)上用作润滑油的润滑油组合物。
本发明的第一种润滑油组合物包括:
(1)100份重量的下式(Ⅰ)所代表的聚碳酸酯,
(2)至少一种化合物,选自于由环氧化合物(a),苯酚化合物(b),硫化合物(c)和胺化合物(d)组成的组,其量为0.0001到5份重量比;和
(3)0到5份重量比的亚磷酸三酯化合物(e)和/或磷酸三酯化合物(f)。
上式中(Ⅰ),R1和R2分别为具有30或更少碳原子的烃基基团,或具有一个醚键及2-30个碳原子的烃基基团,R2是具有2-24个碳原子的烯基基团,P为1-100的整数,和n为1-10的整数。
本发明的第二种润滑油组合物包括:
(1)100份重量比的下式(Ⅱ)表示的聚碳酸酯;
(2)0.002到5份重量比的亚磷酸三酯化合物(e);和
(3)至少一种化合物,选自由磷酸三酯化合物(f),环氧化合物(a),和苯酚化合物(b组成的组,其量为0到5份重量比。
Su-O-R
上式(Ⅲ)中,Su为下式(A)代表的基团,和R为选自于下式(B),(C),(D),(E)和(F)表示的基团。
Figure 921112025_IMG1
Figure 921112025_IMG2
-(C3H6O)nCOOR5(E)
-(C3H6O)n(C2H4O)pCOOR5(F)
上式(A),(B),(C)和(D)中,R4为上式(E)和(F)所表示的基团。
上式(E)和(F)中,R5为具有30个或更少碳原子的烃基,或含一个醚键和2-30个碳原子的烃基,n和p分别为1到12的整数。
本发明第三种润滑油组合物包括:
(1)100份重量比的下式(Ⅲ)表示的聚碳酸酯;
(2)0.002到5份重量比的亚磷酸三酯化合物(e);和
(3)至少一种化合物,选自由磷酸三酯化合物(f),环氧化合物(a),和苯酚化合物(b组成的组,其量为0到5份重量比。
(R4O)CH2[CHCOR4)]mCH2(OR4) (Ⅲ)
是式(Ⅲ)中,R4为下式(E)或(F)所表示的基团,m为1-6的整数。
-(C3H6O)nCOOR5(E)
-(C3H6O)n(C2H4O)pCOOR5(F)
上式(E)和(F)中,R5为含30或更少碳原子的烃基,或为或为含一个醚键和2-30碳原子的烃基,n和p分别为1-12的整数。
本发明的第一到第三种润滑油组合物(有时简化为本发明的“润滑油组合物”)的润滑性、去污力和电绝缘性极佳,且与矿物油和醚型润滑油相比,低温下能更容易地降低粘度。因而,本发明的润滑油组合物能广泛地用作为工业齿轮油,汽车引擎油,汽车齿轮油,制冷机(如汽车空调和电冰箱)用润滑油,纺织工业用润滑油,轧钢机用润滑油等。
更进一步地,本发明的润滑油组合物不仅上述的性能极佳,而且与对臭层无破坏性的氢化碳氟(HFC)相容性和与对臭氧破坏性较小的氢化碳氢氯(HCFC)的相容性极佳。因此,本发明的润滑油组合物可在以这些氢化物单独或组合为制冷剂的制冷机上用作润滑油。
本发明的润滑油可含上述的氢化碳氟(HFC)和氢化碳氟氯(HCFC)和它们的混和物以及含了这些组分的本发明润滑油组合物也可作为制冷机(如汽车空调和电冰箱)用的润滑油用于。
下文中将详细地描述本发明的润滑油组合物。
本发明的第一种润滑油组合物包括下式(Ⅰ)所表示的聚碳酸酯和至少一种化合物(选自由环氧化合物(a),苯酚化合物(b),硫化合物(c)和胺化合物(d)所组成的组)。本发明的第一种润滑油除上述组份外还可含亚磷酸三酯化合物(e)和磷酸三酯化合物(f)。
本发明的第二种润滑油组合物包括下多(Ⅱ)所表示的聚碳酸酯和亚磷酸三酯化合物(e),本发明的第三种润滑油组合物包括下式(Ⅲ)所表示的聚碳酸酯和亚磷酸三酯化合物(e)。在某些情况下,本发明的第二和第三种润滑油组合物除包括上述组分外,还可分别含有至少一种化合物(选自于由磷酸三酯化合物(f),环氧化合物(a)和苯酚化合物(b)组成的组)。
下面,对本发明的润滑油组合物中每种组分将详细描述。
聚碳酸酯
作为本发明第一种润滑油组合物中的一种润滑基油的聚碳酸酯为下式(Ⅰ)所表示的:
在上式(Ⅰ)中,R1和R3分别为含30或更少碳原子的烃基,或为含一个醚键和2-30个碳原子的烃基。
R1和R3的具体实施例包括:
脂族烃基,例如甲基,乙基,正丙基,异丙基,正丁基,异丁基,仲丁基,叔丁基,戊基,异戊基,新戊基,正己基,1,3-二甲基丁基,2,3-二甲基丁基,异己基,正庚基,异庚基,3-甲基己基,正辛基,2-乙基己基,异辛基,正壬基,异壬基,正癸基,异癸基,正十一烷基,异十一烷基,正十二烷基,异十二烷基,正十三烷基,异十三烷基,正十四烷基,异十四烷基,正十五烷基,异十五烷基,正十六烷基,异十六烷基,正十七烷基,异十七烷基,正十八烷基,异十八烷基,正十九烷基,异十九烷基,正二十烷基,异二十烷基,2-乙基己基和2-(4-甲基戊基);
脂环烃,如环己基,1-环己烯基,甲基环己基,二甲基环己基,十氢萘基和三环癸基;
芳香烃基,如苯基,邻甲苯基,对甲苯基,间甲苯基,2,4-二甲苯基,2,4,6-三甲苯基和1-萘基;
芳香脂烃基,如苄基,甲苄基,β-苯乙基(壹乎苯基),1-苯乙基,1-甲基-1-苯乙基,对-甲苄基,苯乙烯基或对异丙苄基;和通式-(R6-O)q-R7所表示的乙二醇醚基,如乙二醇单用醚基,二乙二醇单正丁醚基,三乙二醇单乙醚基,丙二醇单甲醚基,丙二醇单丁醚基,二丙二醇单乙醚基和三丙二醇单正丁醚基。
上式-(R6-O)q-R7中,R6为2-3个碳原子的烯基,这类烯基的具体实施例包括:乙烯基,丙烯基和三甲基。R7为含28或更少碳原子的脂族烃,脂环烃或芳香烃,这类烃的具体实施例包括如上述式(Ⅰ)中R1和R3所举的实施例相同的基团。q为120的整数。
在式(Ⅰ)中,R2为含2-24个碳原子的烯基,这类烯基的具体实施例包括乙烯基,丙烯基,丁烯基,戊烯基,甲基戊烯基,乙基戊基,己烯基,甲基己烯基,乙基己烯基,亚辛基,亚壬基,亚癸基,亚十二基和亚十四基。
在式(Ⅰ)中,p为1-100的整数,n为1-10的整数。
当聚碳酸酯如上式(Ⅰ)所表示,并用作以对臭氧层无破坏性的氢化碳氟(如R-134a)为制冷剂的制冷机上的润滑油组合物时,式(Ⅰ)中,R1较佳为烷基,如正丁基,异丁基,异戊基,环己基,异庚基,3-甲基己基,1,3-二甲基丁基,己基,辛基和2-乙基己基;或烯化乙二醇单烷醚基,如乙二醇单甲醚基,乙二醇单丁醚基,二乙二醇单甲醚基,三乙二醇单甲醚基(triethylene glycol mono methylgroup),丙二醇单甲醚基,丙二醇单丁醚基,二丙二醇单乙醚基及三丙二醇单正丁醚基。
下列为式(Ⅰ)所表示的聚碳酸酯的实施例:
(1)R1OCOO-CH2CH2CH(CH3)CH2CH2-OCOOR3
(2)R1OCOO-CH2CH(CH3)(CH26-OCOOR3
(3)R1OCOO-(CH25-OCOOR3
(4)R1OCOO-(CH26-OCOOR3
(5)R1OCOO-(CH29-OCOOR3
(6)R1OCOO-(CH210-OCOOR3
上式(1)到(6)中,R1和R3为前文所述式(Ⅰ)中R1和R3相同的基团。
作为本发明第二和第三种润滑油组合物润滑基油的聚碳酸酯可分别由下式(Ⅱ)和(Ⅲ)表示,式(Ⅱ)所表示的聚碳酸酯包括:蔗糖型聚碳酸酯,不同于蔗糖的低聚糖型聚 碳酸酯,以及单聚糖型碳酸酯。
上式(Ⅱ)中,Su为下式(A)所表示的基团,R为从式(B),(C),(D),(E)和(F)组成的组中选取的基团。
Figure 921112025_IMG3
-(C3H6O)nCOOR5(E)
-(C3H6O)n(C2H4O)pCOOR5(F)
在上式(A),(B),(C)和(D)中,R4和式(E)或(F)所表示的基团。
在上式(E)和(F)中,R5为含有30个或更少个碳原子的烃基,或为含有一个醚键和2-30个碳原子的烃基,n和p分别为1到12的整数。
式(Ⅲ)所表示的聚碳酸酯为一种从不具有环状结构的糖类衍生出来的聚碳酸酯。
在上式(Ⅲ)中,R4为上式(E)或(F)所表示的基团,m为1-6的整数。
在本发明中,式(F)中的n对p的比率(n/p)为0.5到20的范围,较佳为1到10,更佳为2到5。
在式(E)和(F)中R5所表示的烃基实施例包括:脂肪烃基,脂环烃基,芳香烃基,芳脂烃基,和乙二醇醚基,用通式-(R8-O)q-R9表示(其中:R8具有如上述R6相同的含义,为2-3的碳原子的烯基;R9具有如上述R7相同的含义,为含28或更少碳原子的烃基;q为1-20的整数)。
R5所表示的烃基的具体实施例包括如式(Ⅰ)中R1和R3所例举的相同的烃基。
当前文式(Ⅱ)或(Ⅲ)所表示的聚碳酸酯用作制冷机的润滑油组合物时,该制冷机以对臭氧层无破坏性的氢化碳氟(如R-134a)为制冷剂,上式(E)或(F)中的R5较佳的为低级烷基,如甲基,乙基,异丙基和正丁基;或为烯化乙二醇单烷醚基,乙二醇单丁醚基,二乙二醇单甲醚基,三乙二醇单甲醚基,丙二醇单甲醚基,丙二醇单丁醚基,二丙二醇单乙醚基和三丙二醇单正丁醚基。
下文为式(Ⅱ)所表示的聚碳酸酯的实施例:
Figure 921112025_IMG4
上式中R:-〔CH2CH(CH3)O〕nCOOCH3
〔n=1-3〕
上式中R:-〔CH2CH(CH3)O〕nCOOCH2CH(C2H5)-(CH23CH3
〔n=1.0-3.0〕
Figure 921112025_IMG6
上式中R:-〔CH2CH(CH3)O〕nCOOCH(CH32
〔n=1-3〕
Figure 921112025_IMG7
上式中R:-〔CH2CH(CH3)O〕nCOOCH3
〔n=1-3〕
Figure 921112025_IMG8
上式中R:-〔CH2CH(CH3)O〕nCOOCH2CH(C2H5)-(CH23CH3
〔n=1.0-3.0〕
Figure 921112025_IMG9
上式中R:-〔CH2CH(CH3)O〕nCOOCH(CH32
〔n=1-3〕
Figure 921112025_IMG10
上式中R:-〔CH2CH(CH3)O〕nCOOCH3
〔n=1-3〕
Figure 921112025_IMG11
上式中R:-〔CH2CH(CH3)O〕nCOOCH2CH(C2H5)-(CH23CH3
〔n=1.0-3.0〕
上式中R:-〔CH2CH(CH3)O〕nCOOCH(CH32
〔n=1-3〕
上式中R:-〔CH2CH(CH3)O〕nCOOCH3
〔n=1-3〕
Figure 921112025_IMG14
上式中R:-〔CH2CH(CH3)O〕nCOOCH2CH(C2H5)-(CH23CH3
〔n=1.0-3.0〕
Figure 921112025_IMG15
上式中R:-〔CH2CH(CH3)O〕nCOOCH(CH32
〔n=1-3〕
Figure 921112025_IMG16
上式中R:-〔CH2CH(CH3)O〕n(C2H4O)COOCH3
〔n=1-3〕
Figure 921112025_IMG17
上式中R:-〔CH2CH(CH3)O〕n(C2H4O)COOCH2CH(C2H5)-(CH23CH3
〔n=1.0-3.0〕
上式中R:-〔CH2CH(CH3)O〕n(C2H4O)COOCH3(CH32
〔n=1-3〕
下文为式(Ⅲ)所表示的聚碳酸酯的实施例:
Figure 921112025_IMG19
上式中R:-〔CH2CH(CH3)O〕nCOOCH3(CH32
〔n=1-3〕
Figure 921112025_IMG20
上式中R:-〔CH2CH(CH3)O〕nCOOCH(CH32
〔n=1-3〕
Figure 921112025_IMG21
上式中R:-〔CH2CH(CH3)O〕n(C2H4O)COOCH3
〔n=1-3〕
上式中R:-〔CH2CH(CH3)O〕n(C2H4O)COOCH(CH32
〔n=1-3〕
例如,上述式(Ⅰ),(Ⅱ)和(Ⅲ)所表示的聚碳酸酯可通过下述第一种第二种工艺过程来制备。
(1)工艺过程的步骤包括:在碱催化剂存在下加热二元醇(或多元醇)和碳酸酯化合物,使其互相反应直到转化率不小于95%,同时从反应体系中蒸馏去生成的醇,然后除去碱催化剂,并从反应体系中蒸馏去未反应的碳酸酯化合物,从而制得聚碳酸酯。
(2)工艺过程的步骤包括:在碱催化剂存在下加热二元醇(或多元醇),一元醇和碳酸酯化合物,使它们互相反应直到转化率不小于95%,同时从反应体系中蒸馏去生成的醇,然后再除去碱催化剂,并从反应体系中蒸馏除去未反应的碳酸酯化合物和未能进行最终反应的碳酸酯化合物,从而制得聚碳酸酯。
下文将更详细地描述制备聚碳酸酯的第一种工艺过程。
在第一步骤中,在碱催化剂存在下,加热(a)后述的式(Ⅳ)表示的二元醇或式(Ⅴ)或(Ⅵ)表示的多元醇,和(b)下式(Ⅶ)或(Ⅷ)所示的碳酸酯化合物,使它们互相反应直到反应转化率不小于95%,同时从反应体系中蒸馏出生成的醇(R1OH,R3OH或R5OH)。
R1OCOOR1或R3OCOOR3(Ⅶ)
其中R1和R3的含义与前文所述式(Ⅰ)中的R1和R3相同。在使用这种碳酸酯化合物时,R1OH或R3OH的沸点低于上述二元醇,且m1/2m2的比率(m1:碳酸酯化合物的摩尔数,m2:二元醇的摩尔数)为0.5-200范围之间。
R5OCOOR5(Ⅷ)
其中R5上述式(E)和(F)中的R5相同。
在使用这类碳酸酯化合物时,R5OH的沸点低于上述多元醇的沸点,且碳酸酯化合物对式(Ⅴ)或(Ⅵ)所表示的多元醇的摩尔比为3到80之间。
要进行上述反应,反应器内要求通入氮气吹扫但反应器内也可不通入氮气吹扫。
在接下去的步骤中,除去上述的碱催化剂,同时从反应体系蒸馏去未反应的碳酸酯化合物,得到上述式(Ⅰ),(Ⅱ)或(Ⅲ)所表示的聚碳酸酯。
在这种工艺过程中生成的聚碳酸酯,其中多元醇(起始原料)的全部羟基都碳酸酯化,但也有可能生成少量所含多元醇的部分羟基未碳酸酯化的聚碳酸酯。
上述二元醇用下式(Ⅳ)表示:
R2(OH)2(Ⅳ)
其中R2与上述(Ⅰ)中的R2相同。
上述多元醇下式(Ⅴ)表示:
Su-O-R10(Ⅴ)
其中Su为下式(G)所表示的基团,R10为选自于下式(H),(I),(J),(K)和(L)所组成的组的基团。
Figure 921112025_IMG23
-(C3H6O)nH (K)
-(C3H6O)n(C2H4O)pH (L)
上式(G),(H),(I)和(J)中,R11为上式(K)或(L)所示的基团。
上式(K)中,n为1-12的整数;在上式(L)中,n和p分别为1-12的整数。
式(Ⅴ)所表示的多元醇的具体实施例如下式所示。在这些式中,n为1-12的整数。
Figure 921112025_IMG24
Figure 921112025_IMG25
将-(C3H6O)n(C2H4O)pH基分别取代上式(1)-(4)中的-(C3H6O)n基,从而制得多元醇。
其中R11为上式(K)或(L)所表示的基团,m为1-6的整数。
式(Ⅵ)所示的多元醇的具体实施例为下式所示,在这些实施例中,n为1-12的整数。
Figure 921112025_IMG27
多元醇通过-(C3H6O)n(C2H4O)pH基分别取代上式(1)和(2)中的-(C3H6O)nH基而制备。
上式(Ⅶ)和(Ⅷ)所示的碳酸酯化合物较佳的实施例具体包括:二甲基碳酸酯,二乙基碳酸酯,二丙基碳酸酯,二丁基碳酸酯,二-[1,3-二甲基丁基]碳酸酯,二异戊基碳酸酯,二己基碳酸酯,二辛基碳酸酯,二环己基碳酸酯,二-3甲基己基碳酸酯,二-2-乙基己基碳酸酯和二(2-甲基-甲氧乙基)碳酸酯。
在这工艺过程中,一边进行碳酸酯化反应,同时从反应体系中蒸馏除去碳酸酯化反应中生成的醇,因此,所生成醇的沸点,即R1OH,R3OH或R5OH所表示的醇,必须低于上述二元醇或多元醇的沸点。
更一步地,对式(Ⅶ)所表示的碳酸酯化合物控制一定用量,使得上述m1/2m2的比率在0.5-200范围较佳为1-80,更佳为1-150。
另一方面,对式(Ⅷ)所示的碳酸酯化合物控制一定用量,使得这种碳酸酯化合物与式(Ⅴ)或(Ⅵ)所表示的多元醇的比率为3-80之间。较佳为3-50。
通过如上所述的,使用特定量的碳酸酯化合物,来抑制具有高聚合度的聚碳酸酯的生成。
在这种工艺过程中,将上述的二元醇(或多元醇)和碳酸酯化合物加入反应器中,然后在碱催化剂存在下加热,使其反应直到反应转化率不小于95%为止,同时从反应体系中蒸馏去产生的醇,然后除去碱催化剂,再从反应体系中蒸馏去未反应的碳酸酯化合物。“所得的反应转化率不小于95%”的含义是指反应一直进行到生成的醇(R1OH或R3OH)的量小于上述2m2的0.95倍摩尔为止,或者是指该反应一直进行到生成的醇(R5OH)的量不小于或(Ⅴ)或(Ⅵ)所表示的多元醇的0.95倍摩尔为止。
用于本发明的较好的碱催化剂的实施例包括:碱金属氢氧化物,如氢氧化钠和氢氧化钾;碱金属碳酸盐或碳酸氢盐,如碳酸钠和碳酸氢钠;碱金属醇化物,如甲醇钠,甲醇钾,甲醇锂和甲醇铯;以及碱金属化合物,如氢化钠和氨基钠。在上述列举的这些碱催化剂中,尤其好的是碱金属醇化物。也可应用的还有,例如,碱土金属化合物,如氢氧化镁和氢氧化钙;以及有机氨化合物,如三甲胺,三乙胺,咪唑和氢氧化四甲铵。催化剂控制在一定的用 量,使得催化剂与上述2m2的摩尔比,或催化剂与多元醇的摩尔比(克分子)在10-1-10-7之间,较佳地为10-2-10-5
在这种工艺过程中,反应温度一般为50-300℃,较佳为60-200℃,反应时间一般为0.5-200小时,较佳为1-100小时。
反应完毕后,用水洗涤反应溶液或用酸中和的方法来除去催化剂。本文所用的酸包括:固体酸,如磺酸型离子交换树脂;无机酸,如碳酸,氯化铵,盐酸,硫酸和磷酸;以及有机酸,如醋酸和苯酚。在洗涤过程中,可加入盐(如碳酸铵)。
如上所述除去碱催化剂,然后从反应体系中减压蒸馏除去未反应的碳酸酯化合物,从含有碱催化剂的反应体系中蒸馏除去未反应的碳酸酯化合物,藉此抑制任已生成的聚碳酸酯的聚合反应,因而能得到较高产率的聚碳酸酯目的产物。
如上所得的聚碳酸酯可用吸附剂处理,如用活性粘土和活性炭,或用水洗涤,以除去微量的杂质。经过这样的处理后,微量的离子化合物或极性化合物可被除去,因而可稳定地保存产物聚碳酸酯。
根据上述的方法,在上述以二甲基碳酸酯作为碳酸酯化合物的反应中,甲醇在共沸剂被加入反应体系后预先可与共沸溶剂(如环己烷,苯或己烷)以共沸物形式,从反应体系中蒸馏除去,而并非与二甲基碳酸酯作为共沸物从反应体系中蒸馏除去。在这反应中,共沸剂的用量一般是每100份二甲基碳酸酯为5-100份的重量。
另外,根据上述方法,甲醇与上述共沸剂作为共沸物从反应体系中蒸馏除去,反应结束后,未反应的二甲基碳酸酯从反应混和物中加以回收,使得未反应的二甲基碳酸酯的回收率提高。
另外,也有可能如上所述的甲醇与二甲基碳酸酯作为共沸物加以回收,然后将共沸产物加入到上述共混剂中,并将甲醇与共沸剂作为共沸物从二甲基碳酸酯中蒸馏除去,从而回收得到二甲基碳酸酯。
再者,根据上述方法,当二元醇(或多元醇)和碳酸酯化合物反应结束后,除去碱催化剂,然后再除去未反应的碳酸酯化合物,从而获得高产率的聚碳酸酯目的产物。
接下去将详细描述制备聚碳酸酯的第二种工艺过程。
在第一步骤中,在碱催化剂存在下加热(a)上式(Ⅳ)所示的二元醇或上式(Ⅴ)或(Ⅵ)所示的多元醇,和(b)下式(Ⅸ)或(Ⅹ)所示的一元醇,以及(c)下式(Ⅺ)或(Ⅻ)所示的碳酸酯化合物,使它们互相反应直到反应转化率不小于95%,同时从反应体系中蒸馏除去生成的醇(R12OH或R13OH)。要进行上述反应,反应器内要求通入氮气吹扫,但反应器内也可不通入氮气吹扫。
R1OH或R3OH (Ⅸ)
其中R1和R3与前文所述式(Ⅰ)中的R1和R3相同。
R5OH (Ⅹ)
其R5与前式(Ⅲ)中的R5相同,为含30或更少个碳原子的烃基,或为含一个醚键和2-30个碳原子的烃基。
R12OCOOR12(Ⅺ)
其中R12分别为含1-12个碳原子的烷基。
在使用碳酸酯化合物的例子中,R12OH的沸点低于上述二元醇和一元醇的沸点,且m1/2m2(m1:碳酸酯化合物的摩尔数,m2:二元醇的摩尔数)的比率为0.5-200之间。
R13OCOOR13(Ⅻ)
其中R13分别为含1-2个碳原子的烷基。
在使用这类碳酸酯的例子中,R13OH的沸点低于上述的多元醇和一元醇,且这类碳酸 酯化合物与式[Ⅴ]所示的多元醇的摩尔比为3-80之间。
在接下去的步骤中,除去上述碱催化剂,然后从反应体系中蒸馏除去未反应的碳酸酯化合物和未参与最终反应的碳酸酯化合物[R14OCOOR14(其中R14分别为R1、R3或R12),或R13OCOOR13],从而得到式(Ⅰ),(Ⅱ)或(Ⅲ)所示的聚碳酸酯。
在这种工艺过程中,生成了其中多元醇(起始原料)的全部羟基都碳酸酯化的聚碳酸酯,但也有可能会生成少量的其中多元醇的部分羟基被碳酸酯化的聚碳酸酯。
在这种工艺过程中,在进行碳酸酯化反应的同时,将碳酸酯化反应中生成的醇从反应体系中蒸馏除去,因此,所生成醇的沸点(即,R12OH或R13OH所表示的醇)必须低于上述二元醇(或多元醇)及一元醇的沸点。式(Ⅺ)所表示的碳酸酯化合物控制一定用量,使得上述m1/2m2的比率在0.5-200范围,较佳为1-80,更佳为1-50。另一方面(式(Ⅻ)所表示的碳酸酯化合物控制一定用量,使得这种碳酸酯化合物与式(Ⅴ)或(Ⅵ)所表示的多元醇的比率为3-80之间,较佳为3-50通过如上所述的,使用特定量的碳酸酯化合物,来抑制高聚合度的聚碳酸酯的生成。
在这种工艺过程中,将上述的二元醇(或多元醇),一元醇和碳酸酯化合物加入反应器中,然后在碱催化剂存在下加热,使其反应直到反应转化率不小于95%为止,同时从反应体系中蒸馏去生成的醇,然后除去碱催化剂,再从反应体系中蒸馏去未反应的碳酸酯化合物。
上述“反应转化率不小于95%”的含义如前文所述。另外,在第二种工艺过程中碱催化剂,反应温度,反应时间,反应结束后催化剂的去除,杂质的去除,以及未反应的二甲基碳酸酯的去除,均和第一种工艺过程中所述的相同。
在上述制备聚碳酸酯的第一种工艺过程中,除二甲基碳酸酯和二基碳酸酯外式(Ⅶ)和(Ⅷ)所示的碳酸酯化合物很难从市场得到,因而必须预先合成。但是,在第二种工艺过程中,聚碳酸酯可通过使用式(Ⅺ)和(Ⅻ)所示的容易从市场得到碳酸酯化合物(二甲基碳酸酯,二乙基碳酸酯,乙基甲基碳酸酯)来制备。因此,第二种工艺过程不需合成碳酸酯化合物,这是一种经济的方法。
与上述第一种工艺过程相同,用第二种工艺过程可得到高产率的聚碳酸酯。
环氧化合物(a)
环氧化合物(a)的实施例包括:
缩水甘油醚,如苯基缩水甘油醚,甲苯基缩水甘油醚,二甲苯基缩水甘油醚,丁基缩水甘油醚,2-乙基己基缩水甘油醚,仲丁基苯酚基缩水甘油醚,2-甲基辛基缩水甘油醚,正癸基缩水甘油醚,二缩水甘油醚和双酚A的二缩水甘油醚;
缩水某油酯,如缩水甘油乙酸酯,缩水甘油月桂酸酯,缩水甘油棕酸酯,缩水甘油硬脂酸酯和缩水甘油油酸酯;及
环氧化烃,如环氧化辛基硬脂酸酯,环氧化豆油,环氧化环己烷,环氧化双环戊二烯和环氧化二氢双环戊二烯。
在这些环氧化物中,较好的是环氧化辛基硬脂酸酯,苯基缩水甘油醚和甲苯基缩水甘油醚。
酚类化合物(b)
酚类化合物(b)的具体实施例包括:1,3,5-三甲基-2,4,6-(3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)甲苯,四(亚甲基-3-(3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸酯)甲烷,叔丁基化羟基-甲苯对羟基苯甲苯甲醚,3-甲基-4-异丙苯酚2-叔丁基-4,6-二甲苯酚,2-叔丁基-4-;甲氧苯酚,2,6-二叔丁基苯酚,丙基酸盐,苯乙烯甲酚,2-(1-甲基环己基)-4,6-二甲酚,2,4-二-叔丁基-5-甲酚,2,6-二-叔丁基-4-羟基甲苯,3,5-二- 叔丁基-4-羟甲苯,4,4′-硫代-双(2-甲基-6-叔丁基酚)以及,2,2′-硫代-22(4-甲基-6-叔丁基酚)。
在这些酚类化合物中,3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟甲苯,2,6-二-叔丁基-4-羟甲苯和四(亚甲基-3-(3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟甲基)丙酸酯,甲烷用于本发明的第一种润滑油组合物为较佳。
另一方面,叔丁基化羟甲苯,2,6-二-叔丁基酚和苯乙烯甲酚用于本发明的第二种和第三种润滑油组合物尤其较佳。
硫化物(c)
硫化物(c)的实施例包括:巯基苯并咪唑,吩噻嗪,N,N′-二苯重-硫脲,二硫化四甲基秋兰姆,N-氧化二乙烯基-2-苯并噻唑基亚磺酰胺,N-环己基-2-苯噻唑基-亚磺酰胺,2-巯基苯并噻唑/环己胺盐,N,N′-二异丙基-2-苯并噻唑基亚磺酰胺,2-(N,N-二乙基硫代羰基硫代)苯并噻唑二硫化四乙基秋兰姆,二硫代二苯并噻唑,二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸锌,乙基苯基二硫代氨基甲酸锌,二-正丁基硫代氨基甲酸锌,二月桂基硫代二丙酸酯,二月桂基硫代二-1,1′-甲基丁酸酯,二肉豆蔻基-3,3′-硫代二丙酸酯,月桂基硬脂基硫代二丙酸酯,二硬脂基硫代二丙酸酯,二硬脂基硫代二个酸酯,五(赤蔻醇-四-β巯基月桂基)丙酸酯,双十八烷基二硫化物,以及4,4′-硫代-双(3-甲基-6-叔丁基酚)。
在这些硫代物中,较佳地为二月桂基硫代二丙酸酯和4,4′-硫代-双(3-甲基-6-叔丁基酚)。
胺化合物(d)
胺化合物(d)的具体实施例包括:苯基-1-萘胺,N,N′-二苯基-对-亚苯基二胺,4,4′-双(α,α-二甲苄基)二苯胺,N,N′-二-β萘基-对亚苯基二胺,2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶异丁酸甲酯,双(2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基)草酸酯,1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶异丁酸甲酯,以及双(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶)癸二酸酯。
其中,较佳为4,4′-双(α,α-二甲苄基)二苯胺。
亚磷酸三酯化合物(e)
亚磷酸三酯化合物(e)的具体实施例包括:亚磷酸三异癸酯,亚磷酸三辛酯,亚磷酸三甲苯酯,亚磷酸三苯酯,亚磷酸二苯辛酯,亚磷酸二苯癸酯,亚磷酸苯二癸酯,以及1,1,3-三(2-甲基-4-亚磷酸双三癸酯-5-叔丁基苯基)丁烷。
其中,用于本发明第一种润滑油组合物较佳的是亚磷酸苯二癸酯和亚磷酸二苯癸酯。
另一方面,用于本发明第二种和第三种润滑油组合物较佳的是亚磷酸三甲苯酯和亚磷酸二苯辛酯。
亚磷酸三酯化合物(f)
磷酸三酯化合物(f)的具体实施例包括:磷酸三苯酯,磷酸三甲苯酯,磷酸三辛酯,以及1,1,3-三(2-甲基-4-磷酸双三癸酯-5-叔-丁基苯基)丁烷。
其中,对于本发明第一种润滑油组合物,尤其佳的为磷酸三苯酯和磷酸三甲苯酯。
另一方面,对于本发明第二和第三种润滑油组合物,尤其佳的为磷酸三甲苯酯和1,1,3-三(2-甲基-4-磷酸双三癸酯-5-叔-丁基苯基)丁烷。
组份(a)-(f)的用量
用于本发明第一种润滑油组合物的上述组分(a)-(f)的用量如下:
环氧化合物(a),酚类化合物(b),硫化物(c)和胺化合物(d)的用量分别为0.0001到5份重量,较佳为0.01到3.0份重量,更佳为0.02到2.0份重量,以100份重量的上式(Ⅰ)所示的聚碳酸酯为基准。
化合物(a)到(d)可单独或组合使用。
亚磷酸三酯化合物(e)和磷酸三酯化合物(f)的用量分别为0到5份重量,较佳为0.01-3.0份重量,更佳为0.02到2.0份重量,以100份上式(Ⅰ)所示的聚碳酸酯重量为基准。
化合物(e)和(f)为可任意选择的组分,并可单独或组合使用。
用于本发明的第二和第三种润滑油组合物的组分(e)(f)(a)和(b)的用量如下:
亚磷酸三酯化合物(e)的用量为0.002到5份重量,较佳为0.01到30份重量,更佳为0.02到2.0份重量,以100份上式(Ⅱ)或(Ⅲ)所示的聚碳酸酯重量为基准。
磷酸三酯化合物(f)中,环氧化合物(a)和酚化合物(b)的用量分别为0-5份重量,较佳为0.01到3.0份重量,更佳为0.02到2.0份重量,以100份上式(Ⅰ)或(Ⅲ)所示的聚碳酸酯重量为基准。
化合物(f),(a)和(b)为可任意选择的组份,并可单独或组合使用。
在本发明中作为润滑基油的,含碳酸酯键的聚碳酸酯在苛刻的操作条件下,会生成极少量的二氧化碳气体。一般地,二氧化碳气体在普通的以碳氟,碳氟氯或其氢化物为制冷剂的制冷机内不冷凝,于是会降低制冷效果,并导致压缩过程中温度升高。因此,这种聚碳酸酯的使用并不受欢迎。本发明人已经研究了许多种能抑制二氧化碳气体生成的添加剂,并发现:将上述环氧化合物(a),酚化合物(b),硫化物(c),胺化合物(d),亚磷酸三酯化合物(e)和磷酸三酯化合物(f)作为添加剂具有明显的效果。
进一步地,本发明人还发现:环氧化合物(a),酚化合物(b),硫化物(c)和胺化合物(d)适用于以式(Ⅰ)所表示的聚碳酸酯作为润滑基油,并羌呵磷酸三酯化合物(e)也适用于以式(Ⅱ)或(Ⅲ)的聚碳酸酯作为润滑基油的场合。
另外,本发明人还发现:上述化合物(a)-(f)有助于润滑性能的提高。
基于上述发现,本发明人完成了本发明。本发明润滑油组合物除了上述聚碳酸酯,环氧化合物(a),酚类化合物(b),硫化物(c),胺化合物(d),亚磷酸三酯化合物(e)和磷酸三酯化合物(f)外,还可包含其他组分。
例如:当本发明的润滑油组合物用于工业齿轮油,汽车引擎油或汽车齿轮油时,可在润滑油组合物中加入中性油或光亮油。此外,还可在润滑油组合物中加入α-烯烃低聚物,如液态聚丁烯和液态癸烯低聚;羧酸酯,如己二酸二异辛酯,癸二酸二异辛酯,癸二酸二月桂酯,季戊四醇的2-乙基乙酸四酯和三甲醇丙烷的己酸三酯;以及植物油。进一步地,用于润滑油的常规的已知添加剂,例如:Toshio    Sakwraill用于石油产物的添加剂(1974,(Saiwai    shobo出版)所述的,如去污分散剂,抗氧剂,抗载荷添加剂,成油剂和倾点下降剂也可加入于润滑油组合物中,条件为不破坏本发明的目的。
本发明的润滑油组合物作为制冷机用润滑油,尤其是用于以氢化碳氟(HFC)为制冷剂的制冷机时,可加在润滑油组合物中的组分从相容性考虑尤其好的是羧酸的乙二醇醚和酯。这些组分的量要求少于60%重量,以100%重量的润滑油组合物总量为基准,因为其过量会影响耐热性,与R-134a的相容性和吸水性。在润滑油组合物中还可加入上述已可用于润滑油上的已知添加剂。更进一步地,在制冷机用的润滑油中,也可使用具有对臭氧无破坏性的氢化碳氟(HFC)如-134a,具有对臭氧破坏极小的氢化碳氟氯如R-22和其氢化产物。
本发明的润滑油组合物作为轧钢机用润滑油,金属加工用油,纺织工业用润滑油等时,上述聚碳酯可以与水以乳浊液形式供使用,这是通过使用合适的乳化剂得到的,并按惯用的方法完成。
本发明润滑油组合物的优点为润滑性,去污力,电绝缘性极佳,且与矿物油和酯型润滑 油相比,低温时粘度下降容易。
进一步地,本发明润滑油组合物优点为能抑制由聚碳酸酯引起的羧酸和二氧化碳气体的生成。
因此,本发明润滑油组合物可广泛地用作为工业齿轮油,汽车引擎油,汽车齿轮油,制冷机(如空调和电冰箱)用润滑油,纺织工业用润滑油,轧钢机用润滑油等。
由于本发明润滑油组合物不仅上述的性能极佳,而且与对臭氧层无破坏性的氢化碳氟的相容性和与对臭氧层破坏性极小的氢化碳氟氯的相容性也极佳,因而适合于作为制冷机(即汽车空调和电冰箱)用的润滑油,在制冷机中其氢化产品可单独或组合用作为制冷剂。
下边将进一步描述本发明的有关实施例,但本发明并不局限于这些实施例。
在本发明第一种润滑油组合物的实施例和对照例中,聚碳酸酯和对照物的分析,以及润滑油组合物的性能评定,按下面所述的测试方法进行。
[测试方法]
a.动力粘度JISK-2283
b.粘度指数JISK-2283
c.载荷容量
用Fales测试仪,在250lbf载荷下保温操作5分钟后,逐渐增加载荷,得到一个增加载荷值,此时出现燃烧痕迹,以此作为载荷容量值。
d.二氧化碳气体浓度
对于气体样品,用50cc容量的压热器(其上部焊接有气相色谱的样品喷注口),并装入25g的样品油,压热器被封闭在氮气中,压热器用温度控制在175℃的恒温油浴加热7小时,然后用气体注射器通过安装在压热器上部的气体取样口收集压热器内产生的1cc气相物,样品油生成的二氧化碳浓度按以下条件通过气相色谱测量。
柱:活性炭柱高6m
柱温:165℃
载气:He
载气进料的速率:40ml/min
指示器:TCD
e.与FreonR-134a的相容性
(1)将1ml的样品装入内径10m,高20cm的试管中,同时在干冰/丙酮浴中冷却试管,将K-134a从弹中逐渐加入试管,并使其积聚到体积稍大于样品。然后用刮勺搅拌试管中的混和物,且将试管转移到-20℃的冷浴中,以测试在此温下,样品/Freon134a的体积比为1/1时的样品在FreonR-134a中的溶解度。在测试时,所得混和物是完全均匀地溶液,则标称值取为0,如样品不溶于Freon134a,则标称值取为X。
(2)为了更详细地研究和测试碳酸酯产物在FreonR-134a中的溶解度,将润滑油和Freon134a以各种比例封入玻璃管中,从而得到两种化合物成为相容时的临界温度。
(3)在200ml压力玻璃圆筒中加入5g样品油,然后抽真空。在圆筒中加入95gFreonR134a,并充分与样品油混和,以评价这两种化合物的相容性。当这种充分混和的混和物在15-30℃温度范围内是透明的,则评定其相容性是可接受的。
在下列涉及本发明第二和第三种润滑油组合物的实施例和对照例中,聚碳酸酯的性能测评和分析结果,可按下述方法得到。
(1)分析方法
a.平均分子量
使用Shimadzu    Seisakusho    Ltd的GPC系统,所得的聚碳酸酯的平均分子量以聚苯乙 烯为基准来进行测定。测定平均分子量的条件如下:
柱:4块聚苯乙烯凝胶
(G-2000HXL+G-2000HXL+G-3000HXL+G-4000HXL)
传感器:差示析光机
温度:40℃
溶剂:四氢呋喃
洗脱速率:0.7ml/min
b.红外吸收光谱
用日本BunkohK.K出品的红外光谱仪A-302,进行测定样品置在KBr片状体之间。
c.核磁共振分析
表示通式(Ⅱ)和(Ⅲ)中R4的式(E)中的n值是通过质子NMR法测得[仪器是日本DensiK.K出品的]。
(2)测评方法
a.运动粘度
如上所述的相同方法
b.载荷容量
如上所述的相同方法
c.摩擦性能
摩擦系数的测定是通过在下列条件下用Optimd的SRV摩擦测试仪完成的
载荷:100N
温度:100℃
时间:10分钟
振幅:1mm
振动频率:50Hz
样品:圆盘和圆球的组合,两者由SUJ-2构成
磨损痕迹是通过用表面粗糙度仪(仪器是Tllyo    SeimitsuK.K出品的SURFCOM2000)测试后测得在圆盘上的磨损痕迹的深度。
d.热稳定性
将盛有20g样品的100cc烧杯在170℃的烘箱内加热6.5小时,并通过测量加热前和加热后的重量变化率和100℃时的运动粘度变化率以及总酸值来测评热稳定性。
变化率和总酸值越小,则热稳定性越好。
e.与FreonR-134a的相容性
与上述相同的方法
f.二氧化碳浓度
盛有10g样品油的试管(内径22mm,高20cm),其开口处塞上橡皮塞,并插入T型玻璃管,所述的玻璃管在其纵长方向的中间部位有一气体进口管,在一端装有一气体收集袋,而另一端则是开口的,然后密封试管。接着,在通过气体导管排除去试管和玻璃管内的空气后,将500ml常压氮气注入该试管内。该试管在175℃的恒温油浴中加热24小时,收集试管内的气体,然后按下列条件,用气相色谱法测量被收集下来的气体中样品油分解时产生的CO2气体的浓度。
柱:Parapak-Q,3m
柱温:50℃
载气:He
载气的进料速率:40ml/min
测试仪:TCD
g.体积电阻率
体积电阻率按ASTMD257得到。
[本发明的第一种润滑油的参照实施例,实施例和对照实施例]
参照实施例1
在配置有10块筛板的蒸馏柱的5升烧瓶中加入588g(4.98mol)的3-甲基-1,5-戊二醇,2,500g(21.42mol)的甲基三醇(含87%的3-甲基体和13%的5-甲基体的混和物),1932(21.45mol)的二甲基碳酸酯,以及3.8g(0.020mol)的甲醇溶液(含28%重量的NaOCH3)。
在常压下于110-160℃的温度范围加热混和物8小时,以蒸馏去产生的甲醇。甲醇的产率为98%。
接着,这种混和物在减压(130-10mmHg)下于130-170℃的温度范围时加热反应8小时,以蒸馏除去甲醇,碳酸二甲酯,甲基己醇和碳酸甲基甲基己酯。
用含碳酸铵的水溶液洗涤所得混和物,所用量为所用NaOCH3摩尔量的五倍,然后,通过蒸馏把过量的碳酸二甲基己酯与水一起除去,得到1.480g聚碳酸酯。
从分析结果可发现,所得到的聚碳酸酯是一种含有下列结构的聚碳酸酯及其缩合物的混和物。
C7H15OCOOCH2CH2CH(CH3)CH2CH2OCOOC7H15
表1表示了所得到的聚碳酸酯作为润滑油的基本特性。
表1
粘度特性    参照实施例1
100℃运动粘度[cst]    5.5
粘度指数    133
载负值[1bt]    860
与R-134a的相容
(1)(注1)    0
(2)临界温度[℃](注2)
高温侧    94
低温侧    59
(注1)O:相容的    X:不可相容的(注2)润滑油:15wt%
R-134a:85wt%
实施例1
制备100份重量的参照实施例1的聚碳酸酯(作为润滑基油)与1.0份重量的2,6-二-叔丁基-4-羟甲苯的混和物,按上述测方法测试所得混和物的二氧化碳浓度,以及与FreonR-134a的相容性。
结果列于表2。
实施例2
除了用硫代二丙酸二月桂酯代替2,6-二-叔丁基-4-羟甲苯外,重复实施例1中相同的步骤,制得混和物。
按上述测试方法,测试所得混和物的二氧化碳气体的温度,以及与FreonR-134a的相容性。
结果列于表2。
实施例3
除了将2,6-二-叔丁基-4-羟甲苯的用量改为0.05份重量比,并且再加入1.0份重量的亚磷酸苯二癸酯外,重复实施例1中相反步骤,制得混和物。
按上述测试方法,测试所得混和物的二氧化碳气体浓度,以及与FreonR-134a的相容性。
结果列于表2。
实施例4
除了用1.0份重量的硫代二丙酸二月桂酯代替亚磷酸苯二癸酯外,重复实施例3中相同的步骤,制得混和物。
按上述测试方法,测试所得混和物的二氧化碳气体浓度,以及与FreonR-134a的相容性。
结果列于表2。
实施例5
除了用硬脂酸环氧化辛酯代替2,6-二-叔丁基-4-羟甲苯外,重复实施例1中相同的步骤,制得混和物。
按上述测试方法,测试所得混和物的二氧化碳气体浓度,以及与FreonR-134a的相容性。
结果列于表2。
实施例6
除了用4,4′-双(α,α-二甲基苯基)二苯胺代替2,6-二-叔丁基-4-羟甲苯重复实施例1中相同的步骤,制得混和物。
按上述测试方法,测试所得混和物的二氧化碳气体浓度,以及与FreonR-134a的相容性。
结果列于表2。
对照实施例1
按上述测试方法,测试参照实施例1的聚碳酸酯(基油)的二氧化碳气体浓度,以及与FreonR-134a的相容性。
结果列于表2。(表2见文后)
参照实施例2
在配置有10块筛板的蒸馏柱的5升烧瓶中加入271g蔗糖的氧化丙烯加成物,其平均分子量(Mn)为740(PPG-多功能型号Su,460,Mitusi Toatus Chem.Inc产品),1492的甲基异丁基甲醇,1320g的碳酸二甲酯,以及0.7克含28%重量NaOCH3(催化剂)的甲醇溶液。
这种混和物可在常压下,于120-180℃温度范围内反应13小时。
这种混和物中加入水以除去催化剂,蒸馏除去生成的碳酸二甲基异丁酯,从而得到460g的聚碳酸酯。
得到的聚碳酸酯为粘稠状液体,且从1H-NMR,13C-NMR,IR和GCP分析结果看,聚碳酸酯具有下式所示的结构。
Figure 921112025_IMG28
其中R为-[CH2CH(CH3)O]nCOOCH6H13,n的平均值约为1.1。
13C-NMR分析聚碳酸酯。由此,下面提到的峰显示在图中,在这种测试法中,用 CDCl3作为其溶剂。
16-19ppm,20.4ppm,22.3ppm,22.6ppm,24.6ppm,45.1ppm,55.4ppm,65-67ppm,69.5-73ppm,73.5ppm,73-77ppm,77-80ppm,80-81ppm,81-82ppm,82-83.5ppm,89-91ppm,103-105ppm,154-155.5ppm。
所得的聚碳酸酯的红外吸收光谱如下所示,其中主峰如下:
νC-H2800-3000cm-1
δC-H1450cm-1
νC=O1740cm-1
νC-O1250-1290cm-1
νC-O-C1100cm-1
进一步地,所得到的聚碳酸酯的GPC分析的结果如下所示。
平均分子量(Mw)/平均分子数(Mn)GPC:1232,
聚苯乙烯转化法测得的平均分子量(Mw):1630
产物中Na残留量:不大于0.01ppm
产物中总酸值:不大于0.01
所得聚碳酸酯作为润滑油的基本特性的测评结果列于表3。
表3
参照实施例2
粘度特性
100℃运动粘度[cst]    27
载负容量值[1bf]    910
与R-134a相容性
(1)(注1)    O
(2)临界温度[℃](注2)
高温侧    +88
低温侧    <-65
(注1)O:可相容的    X:不可相容任的
(注2)润滑油:15wt%
R-134a:85wt%
实施例7
将100份重量的作为润滑基油参照实施例2的聚碳酸酯,1.0份重量的亚磷酸二苯辛酯,0.5份重量的磷酸三甲苯酯和0.5份重量的苯基缩水甘油醚相混和,制得一种混合物。按上述测试方法测试所得混和物的热稳定性,抗摩擦特性,与FreonR-134a的相容性和二氧化碳浓度。
结果列于表4。
实施例8
除了将亚磷酸二苯辛酯的量改成3.0份重量,以及不使用磷酸三甲苯酯和苯基缩水甘油醚外,重复实施例7。
结果列于表4。
对照实施例2
按实施例7相同的方法测试参照实施例2中得到的聚碳酸酯。
结果列于表4。
参照实施例3
在配置有10块筛板的蒸馏柱的5升烧瓶中加入705g山梨醇的氧化丙烯加成物,其平均分子量(Mn)为740(商品名为HS-700A,由Mitsui Toatus Chem.Ins出品),2560g的碳酸二丁酯和3克含28%重量NaOCH3(催化剂)的甲醇溶液。
这种混和物可在减压下(约100mmHg),于135℃加热反应14小时。
在所得的反应混和物中加入水以除去催化剂,再蒸馏除去生成的碳酸二异丁酯,从而得到940g的聚碳酸酯。
得到的聚碳酸酯为粘稠液体,且从1H-NMR,13C-NMR IR和GCP分析结果可以看出聚碳酸酯具有下式所示的结构。
Figure 921112025_IMG29
其中R为-[CH2CH(CH3)O]nCOOCH4H9,n的平均值约为1.5。
13C-NMR分析所得聚碳酸酯。由此,下面提到的峰出现在图中。在这种测试法中,以CDCl3作为其溶剂。
16.5-17.5ppm,18.8ppm,22.7ppm,70.5-72ppm,72.5-74ppm,74.5-76ppm,77-81ppm,154-155ppm。
所得的聚碳酸酯的红外吸收光谱如下所示,其中主峰如下:
νC-H2800-3000cm-1
δC-H1450cm-1
νC=O1740cm-1
νC-O1250-1290cm-1
νC-O-C1100cm-1
进一步地,所得的聚碳酸酯的GPC分析的结果如下所示。
平均分子量(Mw)/平均分子的(Mn)GPC:1.544,
用聚苯乙烯为基准的方法测得的平均分子量(Mw):2682
产物中残余Na量:不大于0.01ppm
产物中总酸值:不大于0.01
所得聚碳酸酯作为润滑油的基本特性的测评结果列于表5。
表5
参照实施例3
粘度特性
100℃运动粘度[cst]    69
载负容量值[1bf]    940
与相容性
(1)(注1)    O
(2)临界温度[℃](注2)
高温侧    +68
低温侧    <-65
(注1)O:可相容的    X:不可相容任的
(注2)润滑油:15wt%
R-134a:85wt%
实施例9
将100份重量的作为润滑基油参照实施例3的聚碳酸酯,1.0份重量的亚磷酸二苯癸酯相混和,制得一种混和物。按上述测试方法测试所得混和物的热稳定性,抗摩擦特性,与FreonR-134a的相容性和二氧化碳气体浓度。
实施例10
除了用亚磷酸苯基二癸酯代替亚磷酸二苯癸酯外,重复实施例9所述的相同步骤。
结果列于表6。
对照实施例11
除了用亚磷酸二苯辛酯代替亚磷酸二苯癸酯,并且再加入0.5份重量的叔丁基化羟甲苯外,重复实施例9所述的相同步骤。
结果列于表6。
实施例12
除了用亚磷酸二苯辛酯代替亚磷酸二苯癸酯,并且再加入0.5份的磷酸三甲苯酯外,重复实施例9所述的相同步骤。
结果列于表6。
对照实施例3
按实施例9的方法测试参照实施例3所得的聚碳酸酯。
结果列于表6。
对照实施例4
除了用0.0001份重量的亚磷酸二苯辛酯代替1.0份重量的亚磷酸二苯癸酯外,重复实施例9所述步骤。
表2
实施例1    实施例2    实施例3    实施例4    实施例5    实施例6    对照
实施例1
基油    参照    参照    参照    参照    参照    参照    参照
[聚碳酸酯]    实施例1    实施例1    实施例1    实施例1    实施例1    实施例1    实施例1
(份重量)    100    100    100    100    100    100    100
添加剂
1)种类    2,6-二-    硫代二    亚磷酸    硫代二    硬脂酸    4,4′-双
(wt份)    叔丁基-    丙酯三    苯基二    丙酯三    环氧化    -(α,α-
4-羟甲    月桂酯    癸酯    月桂酯    辛酯    二甲基    无
苯    1.0    1.0    1.0    1.0    苯基)二苯
1.0    胺
1.0
2)种类    2,6-二-    硫代二
(wt份)    叔丁基-    丙酯三
4-羟甲    月桂酯
苯    0.05
0.05
与R-134a
的相容性    ○    ○    ○    ○    ○    ○    ○
(注1)
CO2气体
浓度    0.65    1.86    0.85    0.78    1.48    0.94    2.0
[Vol%]
注1:与R-134a的相容性按测试方法(3)[第二种润滑油组合物的参照实施例,实施例和对照实施例]
表4
实施例7    实施例8    对照实施例2
基油(聚碳酸酯)    参照实施例2    参照实施例2    参照实施例2
(wt)份    100    100    100
亚磷酸三乙酯    亚磷酸    亚磷酸
(wt份)    二苯辛酯    二苯辛酯    无
1.0    1.0
磷酸三甲苯酯
其他添加剂    0.5    无    无
(wt份)    苯基缩水甘油醚
0.5
热稳定性    -0.8    -0.3    -4.1
变化重量(%)
总酸值    +0.04    +0.01    +1.15
(mg-KOH/g)
运动粘度变化    +0.8    +0.3    +11.2
(%)
抗摩擦特性    0.08    0.07    0.08
抗摩擦指数
摩擦痕迹    0.04    0.04    0.04
与R-134a    ○    ○    ○
的相容性
CO2气体浓度 150 120 1,800
(ppm)
体积电阻率    2.0    3.3    4.5
(Ω·cm) ×1011×1011×1011
注1:与R-134a的相容性上述测试方法(3)[第三种润滑油组合物的参照实施例,实施例和对照实施例]
对照    对照
实施例9    实施例10    实施例11    实施例12    实施例3    实施例4
基油    参照    参照    参照    参照    参照    参照
(聚碳酸酯)    实施例3    实施例3    实施例3    实施例3    实施例3    实施例3
(wt份)    100    100    100    100    100    100
亚磷酸三酯    亚磷酸    亚磷酸苯    亚磷酸    亚磷酸    亚磷酸
化合物    二苯癸酯    二癸酯    二苯辛酯    二苯辛酯    无    二苯辛酯
(wt份)    1.0    1.0    1.0    1.0    0.0001
叔丁基化    磷酸
其他添加物    无    无    羟甲苯    三甲苯酯    无    无
(wt份)    0.5    0.5
热稳定性    -0.7    -0.7    -0.7    -0.7    -3.7    -2.9
变化重量(%)
总酸值    +0.03    +0.04    +0.03    +0.02    +0.72    +0.08
(mg-KOH/g)
运动粘度变化    +0.5    +0.5    +0.5    +0.5    +5.2    +1.5
(%)
抗摩擦特性    0.08    0.08    0.08    0.08    0.09    0.08
抗摩擦指数
摩擦痕迹    0.4    0.4    0.04    0.4    0.07    0.04
与R-134a    ○    ○    ○    ○    ○    ○
的相容性
CO2气体浓度 150 200 100 <100 1,200 500
(ppm)
体积电阻率    1.1    1.2    0.9    1.0    1.2    1.0
(Ω·cm) ×1012×1012×1012×1012×1012×1012
注1:与R-134a的相容性按上述测试方法(3)。

Claims (2)

1、一种润滑油组合物,其特征在于,包括:
(1)100份重量下式(Ⅰ)所表示的聚碳酸酯,
(2)0.0001-5份重量的至少一种化合物,选自由环氧化合物(a),酚类化合物(b),硫化物(c)和胺化合物(d)组成的组,和
(3)0-5份重量的亚磷酸三酯化合物(e)和/或磷酸三酯化合物(f),
其中R1和R2分别为含不大于30个碳原子的烃基或含一个醚键和2-30个碳原子的烃基,R2是含2-24个碳原子的烯基,p为1-100的整数,n为1-10的整数。
2、如权利要求1所述的润滑油组合物,其特征在于,所述的润滑油组合物用于制冷机。
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EP0711823A2 (en) 1996-05-15
CN1072948A (zh) 1993-06-09
EP0534735B1 (en) 1997-05-28
DE69219978D1 (de) 1997-07-03
US5326486A (en) 1994-07-05
KR930006145A (ko) 1993-04-20
TW203098B (zh) 1993-04-01
CN1034952C (zh) 1997-05-21
EP0534735A1 (en) 1993-03-31
EP0711823A3 (zh) 1996-06-05
EP0976809A2 (en) 2000-02-02
CA2079152C (en) 1998-02-17
CN1103888A (zh) 1995-06-21
DE69219978T2 (de) 1997-10-09
HK1001065A1 (en) 1998-05-22
CA2079152A1 (en) 1993-03-28
ATE153693T1 (de) 1997-06-15
KR950014393B1 (ko) 1995-11-27

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