CN102550330A - Cuttage raising method for olive seedlings on greenhouse hotbed - Google Patents
Cuttage raising method for olive seedlings on greenhouse hotbed Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A cuttage raising method for olive seedlings on a greenhouse hotbed includes: preparing a cuttage bed, acquiring scions, treating cuttings, performing cuttage, selecting cuttage time and performing post-cuttage management; setting the cuttage bed in a solar greenhouse; selecting an annual young tree as a female tree to acquire the scions, and selecting highly mature shoots without disease and insect damage as the cuttings; cutting each cutting into a cutting 10-12cm long with 4-6 segments, reserving 2-4 leaves at the top end of the cutting, smoothing the position, 0.5-1cm away from a bud, of the top end by cutting, and cutting the lower end of the cutting into an inclined horse-ear-shaped end; soaking the root of each cut cutting in 1000mg/kg-2000mg/kg indolebutyric acid solution at a 5cm depth for one night; on the next day, dipping each cutting with mixture of indolebutyric acid and talcum powder before cuttage; reserving row spacing of the cuttings to be 5-6cm and plant spacing to be 3-4cm; keeping interior temperature of the solar greenhouse to be 18-20 DEG C, humidity to be 90%-95%, cuttage bed soil temperature to be 23-25 DEG C and water content to be 60%-70%; moving the seedlings, which root for 45-55 days, off the bed. By the method, the rooting rate of cuttage seedlings reaches more than 90%, calluses emerge 35-40 days after cuttage, and the seedlings can root in 45-55 days.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the growing nursery and culture method of field of forestry, be specifically related to a kind of olive greenhouse hotbed cuttage and seedling culture method.
Background technology
Olive (Olea europaea L.) is the precious woody oil tree species that originates in Mediterranean Region.Its major product olive oil is famous high-quality edible oil, is described as " vegetable oil queen ".Though olive oil is to have thousands of years historical traditional products, production and marketing continues two prosperously over nearly 20 years, and the understanding of people to the olive product has been deepened in this progress that has benefited from science and technology.In view of this, the countries in the world of located in subtropical zone all show keen interest to introducing a fine variety olive.China's scale is introduced a fine variety olive and is started from 1964; The white Dragon River valley area of Gansu south of Gansu Province is the best normal region of China, and by the end of the year 2011, Gansu Province's olive growing area reaches 24.5 ten thousand mu; Fresh fruit output in 2011 is 4500t; Year produce oil 600t, fresh fruit output accounts for more than 90% of national output, and olive growing area and output are the first in the nation.The key area of Wudu District olive development is the emphasis village in small towns such as Chinese king, crossdrift, three rivers, area just outside a city gate in the Longnan City, Gansu; The olive income has accounted for more than 40% of peasant planting income, and olive becomes " Jin Guoguo ", " cash cow " of revitalizing local economy, helping farmer richness to strive for a relatively comfortable life gradually.Therefore Wudu be Gansu olive " geographical sign product protection district " by National Quality Supervision Bureau General's approval, is " township of Chinese olive " by State Administration of Forestry's approval.
But also there are some problems in Gansu olive industry development at present, and a wherein important reason is that seedling quality is poor.The seedling root that existing seedling raising manners is cultivated a little less than, physiologically active is poor, survival rate is low, poor growth, Tong Qichang has had a strong impact on the speed and the quality of olive industry development.
If olive is bigger with seed growing offspring dissociation, and its maternal merit can not get complete reservation, therefore produces and breeds without this mode basically.It mainly is cutting propagation and grafting and breeding that external olive is produced nursery stock, and China is main with cutting propagation mainly.Produce at present and go up the open-air cold bed cutting propagations that adopt more, receive climatic effect bigger with this method seedling cultivation and rooting rate, rooting rate is lower; And it is slower to take root, and rootage duration is long, needs 5~6 months; Behind the cuttage root-taking, transplant seedlings cultivate at a time when early summer, hot weather, management is not good at slightly that then planting percent is lower; Growing-seedling period is longer, needs 2 years ability transplantings at least in the nursery, therefore can't obtain a large amount of nursery stocks in a short time, on producing, a large amount of nursery stocks can not be provided in time.
Because olive is not long by the history that China introduces, still there are many blank in cultivating seedlings technical research field.Forestry scientific research institute in Gansu Province's has carried out the research of breeding technology for vigorous seedling cultivation in recent years; Through practice in a few years; Find out a cover greenhouse hotbed cuttage raise seedling technique, improved rooting rate, shortened growing-seedling period greatly; Reduce seedling cost, obtained comparatively ripe practical technique achievement.According to our understanding to domestic olive cultivating seedlings technology, and carried out technology and looked into new discovery, at present domestic still do not have successful production practices of olive greenhouse hotbed cottage breeding and research theory to report.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention will solve is to provide that a kind of rootage duration is short, growing-seedling period is short, seedling root is good, and physiologically active is good, the olive greenhouse hotbed cuttage and seedling culture method that survival rate is high.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above the technical scheme of taking: a kind of olive greenhouse hotbed cuttage and seedling culture method, comprise that fringe collection, cutting treatment, cottage method and cutting time are prepared, inserted to slotting machine, slotting back is managed, and the concrete grammar step is following:
A. slotting machine is prepared
In greenhouse by solar heat, press greenhouse area design slotting machine, pavement; 20~22cm is excavated in the district at slotting machine, with the bottom surface leveling, uses the fragment of brick surrounding edge all around; The thick fine sand of bottom shop 5cm in slotting machine; The heat-barrier material of the anti-30~40o temperature of shop one deck above the fine sand; Laying, two ends are the ground hot line that " U " font is turned back and arranged equably on heat-barrier material, and two are adjacent to hot line 10~15cm at interval, and the ground hot line is fixed on two ends, seedbed, stretching; On the ground hot line, cover the thick wet sand of 15cm; Heating wire one end is installed temperature controller, connects with the mains; Before the cuttage flatten bed surface, the potassium permanganate solution sprinkling bed surface with mass percent concentration 0.5% carries out disinfection sprinkling amount 3~4kg/m then
2The fine sand granularity is 0.5mm~1.5mm; Heat-barrier material is plastic foil or nonwoven;
B. insert the fringe collection
Select 1 year living treelet as gathering the elite stand that inserts fringe, select no damage by disease and insect, branch that maturity is good to transplant a cutting; Cutting is cut into length 10~12cm, stays 4~6 joints, stays 2~4 leaves on the top, and last end distance bud 0.5~1cm place cuts flat, and the lower end is cut into oblique horse ear shape; Shear per 100 of back and tie into a bundle, cut the bar process with bundled after need that often water spray maintenance cutting branches and leaves are moistening; Adopt bar and cuttage and carry out simultaneously, with adopting with processing; Promptly gather bundled cutting and get into down step at any time;
C. cutting treatment
The cutting root that shears is placed on soaks a night, soaking depth 5cm in the indolebutyric acid aqueous solution of 1000mg~2000mg/kg; Inserted preceding cutting is dipped in second day and get indolebutyric acid talcum powder mixture, dip in and get degree of depth 3cm; Add an amount of talcum powder furnishing paste shape with indolebutyric acid 2000mg/kg solution, make indolebutyric acid talcum powder mixture;
D. cottage method
With the veneer of a block length 100cm, wide 5~6 cm, plank is lain in slotting earth surface, at the side trench digging near plank, ditch depth 6~7cm; To transplant a cutting and directly put into ditch; Backfill is inserted earth and is buried the real base portion of transplanting a cutting, and the degree of depth is 1/2 of cutting; The line-spacing of transplanting a cutting is 5~6 cm for the plank width, and spacing in the rows is 3~4 cm; Water permeable after inserting immediately;
E. cutting time
November~February in next year;
F. insert the back management
Keep 18~20 ℃ of the interior temperature of greenhouse by solar heat, humidity 90%~95% makes cutting and blade thereof moistening glossy, prevents the dehydration wilting; Keep 23~25 ℃ of slotting machine soil temperature, moisture content 60%~70%; Produced callus in 35~40 days after the cuttage, took root in 45~55 days, then leave the bed, migrate to container bag or nutritive cube, cultivate container seedling according to existing rower LY/T1000-1991 method.
The key of raise seedling in hot bed also is temperature, moisture management.Keeping the way of 23~25 ℃ of slotting earth temperature is that the temperature controller temperature is set in 25 ℃; The moisture of inserting earth is difficult for too many, and inserting the earth moisture content, to remain on 60%~70% convenient detection method be to hold that to insert earth agglomerating, unclamps promptly and looses, and palm is moistening and to speckle with the fine sand grain be that moisture is suitable, and the excess moisture root is perishable.Insert the back management and will keep air themperature can not be higher than ground temperature, do not take root otherwise only come into leaves, the humidity of greenhouse by solar heat makes to insert on the fringe to remain the fog shape 90%~95%; The greenhouse by solar heat room temperature remains on 18~20 ℃.
Cuttage and seedling culture rooting rate of the present invention produced callus in 35~40 days up to more than 90% after the cuttage, can take root in 45~55 days.The key of nursery stock that the present invention cultivates is cutting treatment, inserts the earth temperature and is higher than air themperature, helps the growth of root system, and the seedling root of being cultivated is healthy and strong.Beneficial effect elaborates as follows:
The first, shorten growing-seedling period; The tradition seedling cultivation and rooting needs 5~6 months, and uses the present invention can contract to about 50 days, has shortened seedling raise period greatly; Hotbed at least can two batches of seedlings of cuttage, and first first arrival in November is left the bed and is transplanted to container bag or nutritive cube by the end of December; In the greenhouse, continue to cultivate, second batch by the end of December to next year by the end of February, be transplanted to outdoor cultivation after the container bag after leaving the bed; The two batches of nursery stocks can both be at the beginning of 3 months before transplant, and March on the occasion of the vegetation period, the seedling of leaving the bed does not miss the season of growth; The seedling growth amount can reach 50~60cm, just can go out the garden then.And traditional nursery stock of growing seedlings is left the bed the time in 4~May, and on the occasion of early summer, temperature is higher, and slow seedling phenomenon appears in Nursery stock transplanting, and amount of growth is 15~25cm only, can not go out the garden then, can only go out the garden in 1 year.From the management angle, the shortening of growing-seedling period has reduced seedling cost, has improved the profit of growing seedlings.
The second, improve rooting rate; Tradition seedling cultivation and rooting rate is between 40%~80%, and rooting rate of the present invention can reach more than 90%, and rooting rate improves greatly.The height of profit depends primarily on the height of rooting rate owing to grow seedlings, and the raising of rooting rate has reduced seedling cost, has improved the profit of growing seedlings.
The 3rd, the raising of seedling quality; Use traditional seedling-cultivating method, air themperature is higher than inserts the earth temperature, makes to transplant a cutting to help shoot and leaf growth; And be unfavorable for root growth, the nursery stock of therefore being cultivated, root system a little less than; Physiologically active is poor, and survival rate is low, poor growth; The virgin phase of fruit tree is long, has had a strong impact on the speed and the quality of olive industry development.And use nursery stock that the present invention cultivates, and insert the earth temperature and be higher than air themperature, help the growth of root system, the seedling root of being cultivated is healthy and strong.
The 4th, prolong cuttage season; Use traditional seedling-cultivating method, long because of rootage duration, receive ambient temperature bigger, make nursery stock that higher transplanting success is arranged, must leave the bed in the past in May, therefore can only be in November~cuttage by the end of December.The present invention, rootage duration is short, and cutting time can extend to by the end of February.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
A. slotting machine is prepared
In greenhouse by solar heat, press greenhouse area design slotting machine, pavement; 20cm is excavated in the district at slotting machine, with the bottom surface leveling, uses the fragment of brick surrounding edge all around; The thick fine sand of bottom shop 5cm in slotting machine; The plastic foil of the anti-30~40o temperature of shop one deck above the fine sand; Laying, two ends are the ground hot line that " U " font is turned back and arranged equably on plastic foil, and two are adjacent to hot line 10~15cm at interval, and the ground hot line is fixed on two ends, seedbed, stretching; On the ground hot line, cover the thick wet sand of 15cm; Heating wire one end is installed temperature controller, connects with the mains; Before the cuttage flatten bed surface, the potassium permanganate solution sprinkling bed surface with mass percent concentration 0.5% carries out disinfection sprinkling amount 3kg/m then
2The fine sand granularity is 0.5mm~1.5mm;
B. insert the fringe collection
Select 1 year living treelet as gathering the elite stand that inserts fringe, select no damage by disease and insect, branch that maturity is good to transplant a cutting; Cutting is cut into length 10~12cm, stays 4~6 joints, stays 2~4 leaves on the top, and last end distance bud 0.5~1cm place cuts flat, and the lower end is cut into oblique horse ear shape; Shear per 100 of back and tie into a bundle, cut the bar process with bundled after need that often water spray maintenance cutting branches and leaves are moistening; With adopting with processing;
C. cutting treatment
The cutting root that shears is placed on soaks a night, soaking depth 5cm in the indolebutyric acid aqueous solution of 1000mg/kg; Inserted preceding cutting is dipped in second day and get indolebutyric acid talcum powder mixture, dip in and get degree of depth 3cm; Add an amount of talcum powder furnishing paste shape with indolebutyric acid 2000mg/kg solution, make indolebutyric acid talcum powder mixture;
D. cutting time and cottage method
November 1, with the veneer of a block length 100cm, wide 5 cm, plank is lain in slotting earth surface, at the side trench digging near plank, ditch depth 6~7cm; To transplant a cutting and directly put into ditch; Backfill is inserted earth and is buried the real base portion of transplanting a cutting, and the degree of depth is 1/2 of cutting; The line-spacing of transplanting a cutting is 5 cm for the plank width, and spacing in the rows is 4 cm; Water permeable after inserting immediately;
E. insert the back management
Keep 18~19 ℃ of the interior temperature of greenhouse by solar heat, humidity 93%~95% makes cutting and blade thereof moistening glossy, prevents the dehydration wilting; Keep 23 ℃ of slotting machine soil temperature, moisture content 60%~62%; Produced callus in 35~40 days after the cuttage, took root in 45~55 days, November 26 left the bed, and according to existing rower LY/T1000-1991 method, transplanted container bag or nutritive cube and cultivated.
Embodiment 2
A. slotting machine is prepared
In greenhouse by solar heat, press greenhouse area design slotting machine, pavement; 22cm is excavated in the district at slotting machine, sprays bed surface with the potassium permanganate solution of mass percent concentration 0.5% and carries out disinfection sprinkling amount 4kg/m
2All the other are with embodiment 1.
B. insert the fringe collection
With embodiment 1.
C. cutting treatment
The cutting root that shears is placed in the indolebutyric acid aqueous solution of 1500mg/kg and soaks a night, all the other are with embodiment 1.
D. cutting time and cottage method
December 28, with the veneer trench digging of a block length 100cm, wide 6 cm, the line-spacing of cutting is 5 cm, and spacing in the rows is 3 cm; All the other are with embodiment 1.
E. insert the back management
Keep 19~20 ℃ of the interior temperature of greenhouse by solar heat, humidity 91%~93% makes cutting and blade thereof moistening glossy, prevents the dehydration wilting; Keep 24 ℃ of slotting machine soil temperature, moisture content 66%~68%; Produced callus in 36~40 days after the cuttage, took root in 45~52 days; Leave the bed March 2 next year, presses rower LY/T1000-1991 and transplant, and cultivates container seedling.
Embodiment 3
A. slotting machine is prepared
In greenhouse by solar heat, press greenhouse area design slotting machine, pavement; 21cm is excavated in the district at slotting machine, and the nonwoven of the anti-30~40o temperature of shop one deck is as heat-barrier material above the bottom fine sand; Potassium permanganate solution sprinkling bed surface with mass percent concentration 0.5% carries out disinfection sprinkling amount 3.5kg/m
2All the other are with embodiment 1.
B. insert the fringe collection
With embodiment 1.
C. cutting treatment
The cutting root that shears is placed in the indolebutyric acid aqueous solution of 1000mg/kg and soaks a night, all the other are with embodiment 1.
D. cutting time and cottage method
November 6, with the veneer trench digging of a block length 100cm, wide 5.5 cm, the line-spacing of cutting is 5.5cm, and spacing in the rows is 3.5cm; All the other are with embodiment 1.
E. insert the back management
Keep 18~20 ℃ of the interior temperature of greenhouse by solar heat, humidity 93%~95% makes cutting and blade thereof moistening glossy, prevents the dehydration wilting; Keep 24~25 ℃ of slotting machine soil temperature, moisture content 67%~70%; Produced callus in 36~40 days after the cuttage, took root in 45~50 days; December 30, container bag or nutritive cube are transplanted in the back of leaving the bed, and press rower LY/T1000-1991 and transplant, and cultivate container seedling.
Embodiment 4
A. slotting machine is prepared
In greenhouse by solar heat, press greenhouse area design slotting machine, pavement; 20cm is excavated in the district at slotting machine, and the plastic foil of the anti-30~40o temperature of shop one deck is as heat-barrier material above the bottom fine sand; All the other are with embodiment 1.
B. insert the fringe collection
With embodiment 1.
C. cutting treatment
The cutting root that shears is placed in the indolebutyric acid aqueous solution of 1400mg/kg and soaks a night, all the other are with embodiment 1.
D. cutting time and cottage method
December 31, with the veneer trench digging of a block length 100cm, wide 5.5 cm, the line-spacing of cutting is 5.5cm, and spacing in the rows is 3.5cm; All the other are with embodiment 1.
E. insert the back management
With embodiment 1, on March 1 next year, container bag or nutritive cube are transplanted in the back of leaving the bed, and press rower LY/T1000-1991 and transplant, and cultivate container seedling.
Claims (2)
1. an olive greenhouse hotbed cuttage and seedling culture method is characterized in that comprising that fringe collection, cutting treatment, cottage method and cutting time are prepared, inserted to slotting machine, slotting back is managed, and the concrete grammar step is following:
A. slotting machine is prepared
In greenhouse by solar heat, press greenhouse area design slotting machine, pavement; 20~22cm is excavated in the district at slotting machine, with the bottom surface leveling, uses the fragment of brick surrounding edge all around; The thick fine sand of bottom shop 5cm in slotting machine; The heat-barrier material of the anti-30~40o temperature of shop one deck above the fine sand; Laying, two ends are the ground hot line that " U " font is turned back and arranged equably on heat-barrier material, and two are adjacent to hot line 10~15cm at interval, and the ground hot line is fixed on two ends, seedbed, stretching; On the ground hot line, cover the thick wet sand of 15cm; Heating wire one end is installed temperature controller, connects with the mains; Before the cuttage flatten bed surface, the potassium permanganate solution sprinkling bed surface with mass percent concentration 0.5% carries out disinfection sprinkling amount 3~4kg/m then
2The fine sand granularity is 0.5mm~1.5mm;
B. insert the fringe collection
Select 1 year living treelet as gathering the elite stand that inserts fringe, select no damage by disease and insect, branch that maturity is good to transplant a cutting; Cutting is cut into length 10~12cm, stays 4~6 joints, stays 2~4 leaves on the top, and last end distance bud 0.5~1cm place cuts flat, and the lower end is cut into oblique horse ear shape; Shear per 100 of back and tie into a bundle, cut the bar process with bundled after need that often water spray maintenance cutting branches and leaves are moistening; Adopt bar and cuttage and carry out simultaneously, with adopting with processing;
C. cutting treatment
The cutting root that shears is placed on soaks a night, soaking depth 5cm in the indolebutyric acid aqueous solution of 1000mg~2000mg/kg; Inserted preceding cutting is dipped in second day and get indolebutyric acid talcum powder mixture, dip in and get degree of depth 3cm; Add an amount of talcum powder furnishing paste shape with indolebutyric acid 2000mg/kg solution, make indolebutyric acid talcum powder mixture;
D. cottage method
With the veneer of a block length 100cm, wide 5~6 cm, plank is lain in slotting earth surface, at the side trench digging near plank, ditch depth 6~7cm; To transplant a cutting and directly put into ditch; Backfill is inserted earth and is buried the real base portion of transplanting a cutting, and the degree of depth is 1/2 of cutting; The line-spacing of transplanting a cutting is 5~6 cm for the plank width, and spacing in the rows is 3~4 cm; Water permeable after inserting immediately;
E. cutting time
November~February in next year;
F. insert the back management
Keep 18~20 ℃ of the interior temperature of greenhouse by solar heat, humidity 90%~95% makes cutting and blade thereof moistening glossy, prevents the dehydration wilting; Keep 23~25 ℃ of slotting machine soil temperature, moisture content 60%~70%; Produced callus in 35~40 days after the cuttage, took root in 45~55 days, then leaving the bed migrates to container bag or nutritive cube according to existing rower LY/T1000-1991, cultivates container seedling.
2. a kind of olive as claimed in claim 1 greenhouse hotbed cuttage and seedling culture method is characterized in that said heat-barrier material is plastic foil or nonwoven or other heat-barrier material.
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CN103430796A (en) * | 2013-07-30 | 2013-12-11 | 广元市油橄榄研究所 | Method for reviving dying olive plant severely damaged by insect pests |
CN104186297A (en) * | 2014-08-15 | 2014-12-10 | 昆明市海口林场 | Olive cuttage seedling cultivating cuttage bed and cuttage seedling cultivating method |
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CN103430796A (en) * | 2013-07-30 | 2013-12-11 | 广元市油橄榄研究所 | Method for reviving dying olive plant severely damaged by insect pests |
CN103430796B (en) * | 2013-07-30 | 2015-03-04 | 广元市油橄榄研究所 | Method for reviving dying olive plant severely damaged by insect pests |
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CN104956890A (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2015-10-07 | 甘肃省林业科学研究院 | Cutting seedling raising method for olive light matrix |
CN104956890B (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2017-10-31 | 甘肃省林业科学研究院 | Olive Light media cuttage and seedling culture method |
CN105145267A (en) * | 2015-10-09 | 2015-12-16 | 罗永祥 | Grafting cultivation method for olive trees |
CN105104095A (en) * | 2015-10-15 | 2015-12-02 | 永仁绿原农业开发有限公司 | Efficient olive seedling culture method |
CN106577237A (en) * | 2016-12-23 | 2017-04-26 | 江苏农林职业技术学院 | Method of cutting in winter for saniodendron subaequalum |
CN107455171A (en) * | 2017-09-05 | 2017-12-12 | 安徽华健生物科技有限公司 | A kind of olive cottage breeding method of biogas biogas slurry integrated application |
CN110100643A (en) * | 2019-06-10 | 2019-08-09 | 四川聚峰谷农业科技开发有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of olive |
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