CN104186297A - Olive cuttage seedling cultivating cuttage bed and cuttage seedling cultivating method - Google Patents
Olive cuttage seedling cultivating cuttage bed and cuttage seedling cultivating method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104186297A CN104186297A CN201410402338.XA CN201410402338A CN104186297A CN 104186297 A CN104186297 A CN 104186297A CN 201410402338 A CN201410402338 A CN 201410402338A CN 104186297 A CN104186297 A CN 104186297A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technology of cuttage seedling cultivating, in particular to an olive cuttage seedling cultivating, and discloses an olive cuttage seedling cultivating cuttage bed. The olive seedling cultivating cuttage bed is composed of a U-shaped water tank type tank cuttage bed, a mesh-shaped seedling cultivating container support and a plastic film support. A cuttage seedling cultivating method includes the steps of cutting slip preparation, cuttage, post-cuttage management, bagging, transplantation and the like. According to the seedling cultivating cuttage cuttage bed and the cuttage seedling cultivating method, the cuttage rooting percentage can reach 100% at most on the fiftieth day, the average rooting percentage can reach 99.1%, the number of adventitious roots can be obviously increased after rotting agents are used for processing roots from the aspect of rooting quality, and the average number of adventitious roots of each cutting slip can reach 11.2. No manual management is needed after cuttage, no heating device is needed, only a small amount of tap water needs to be injected, the rooting time is short, bagging can be conducted 45 days to 50 days later, the root system is good in development, the number of lateral roots is large, the texture is hard, and the transplantation survival rate is high.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to cuttage raise seedling technique, especially raising seedlings by cutting olives technology.
Background technology
Olive (
olea europaeal.) have another name called olive, row cloth, English name is Olive, belongs to Oleaceae (Oleaceae), Olea
oleal. aiphyllium, high 6～8m, root system is more shallow, and the not obvious and base portion of main root has the phenomenon of expanding, in arid desert, the visible mycorhiza of root system end.Leaf keratin, narrow ellipse or lanceolar.Within 1 year, can repeatedly take out the tip, the spring tip is in 4～May, and summer shoot is in 6～September, and autumn growth is after September.Bloom 4～June, hermaphrodite flower, and panicle or compound raceme, each inflorescence has 10～20 little Hua, is anemophilous flower, and self-sterility.Two carpels, have four anatropous ovules in ovary, generally only have an ovule can become seed.1～6 drupe on each inflorescence.Different cultivars, the color of fruit, big or small different.After fruit maturation, be purple.Fruiting period reaches centuries, the longest surpasses thousand, within 50 years, is the full bearing period, is stable production period in 50～l00.Olive happiness endroit ground and wind sheltering hilly country, the most suitable growth samming is 18～24 ℃.Adaptability to soil is stronger, has the characteristic of impoverishment tolerant soil, on the more limy soil of clayed soil, sandy soil, taupe soil, red soil and calcium content, can grow.Olive or a kind of calcicole plant also can well grow in the abundant soil of calcium content.Soil acidity or alkalinity can be grown in PH5～8.52, but with PH6.5～8.5 for well, therefore in acid ground, plantation will add liming.
Olive originates in Mediterranean, the most ancient one of the cultivating apple trees in Mediterranean, its fast-growing, high yield, longevity, fruit oil content are high, fresh fruit can directly extract oil, it is unique a kind of fresh oil expression that can directly eat, pulp can be made various preserved fruits, is that world-renowned woody oleiferous plants is held concurrently fruit with seeds, has the cultivation history of several thousand.Olive oil economic worth is higher, is widely used in the industries such as food, medicine, beauty treatment, chemical industry, have " vegetable oil queen " good reputation.Olive tree tree type is graceful, and resistance, strong adaptability can planting trees on barren hills, can also do garden Landscape Trees, can bring into play higher ecological benefits.In ancient culture, the olive branch is used as peace, happiness, the lucky and symbol of wishing, olive tree is considered as to " civilization tree ", olive is really considered as to " lucky fruit ", has unique social benefit.China is from early in the twentieth century starting to introduce a fine variety olive, brought the pre-peaceful liberation period by French missionary and China foreign student, after the founding of the state at the beginning of nineteen fifty-nine, olive seed 24Kg is introduced from the special botanical garden of city, former Soviet Union Yalta Thessaloniki in Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing Zhong Shan botanical garden, and after nineteen sixty, the Ministry of Forestry's forestry scientific research institute forestry research is organized and introduced a fine variety.Premier Zhou Enlai in 1964 in person advocates and introduces a fine variety olive, Albania government gives 5 kind strain more than 10,000 saplings to China, wherein 2,000 strains are planted in Kunming Haikou forest farm, to introduce a fine variety at that time one of more area, 1470 strains of also surviving by now, storage rate 73.5%, these large trees have had the adaptability of more than 50 year to the weather of Kunming Areas, and part kind still can normally be blossomed and beared fruit, be undoubtedly domestic important olive germplasm resource bank, the particularly valuable gene pool of Yunnan Province's olive adaptability screening varieties.
Kunming Areas and even most areas, Yunnan soil are characteristic of acid red soil simultaneously, and the growth of olive nursery stock is had to certain adaptability most, and current cultivated area is 150,000 mu of left and right only, compare with the plantation area in Sichuan, Gansu, and gap is very far away.Make a general survey of the supply of developing history overview high quality seedling and be one of main yoke factor of restriction Olea europaea Industry Development in Yunnan, and make full use of existing olive germ plasm resource, to carry out that high quality seedling cultivates be the target that the olive expert of Yunnan Province struggles always.Adopt keep maternal merit, seedling fast, produce seedling amount greatly, to carry out cultivating seedlings be the work of doing in recent years at most to the Technique on Cuttage Propagation that blossoms and bears fruit of raising, though obtained certain achievement, effect is unsatisfactory.Kunming Haikou forest farm olive cuttage root-taking rate highest record is only 40%, generally only have 10% left and right, other regional olive cuttage root-taking rate of Yunnan Province is 70% left and right only, and all in green house, is aided with special hotbed facility, not only seedling cost is high, and management is also complicated.The present situation of this technology based on Olea europaea Industry Development, take that to preserve and develop the distinctive olive germ plasm resource of Haikou forest farm be object, find a kind of raising seedlings by cutting olives technology of easy, efficient, strong operability, to laying a solid foundation for promoting the development of olive industry.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to solve in existing raising seedlings by cutting olives method the problems such as seedling cost is high, complex management, a kind of raising seedlings by cutting olives method of easy, efficient, strong operability is provided.
The invention provides a kind of raising seedlings by cutting olives slotting machine, it is characterized in that by U-shaped water tank type troughstand, netted container for plant growth support, plastic film props up and is configured to, U-shaped water tank type troughstand bottom is catch basin, on catch basin, be provided with oral siphon and outlet pipe, netted container for plant growth support is set on catch basin, be used for placing container for plant growth, U-shaped water tank type troughstand top arranges plastic film support, covered with plastic film on plastic film support, between netted container for plant growth support and plastic film, it is seedling rearing room, U-shaped water tank type troughstand top also arranges press mold groove, for compacting plastic film, above U-shaped water tank type troughstand, shady net is built in the place of 2m, shady net is 70% sunshade net.
Said raising seedlings by cutting olives slotting machine can be designed to high bed or sunken bed, outlet pipe and water inlet pipe, a little more than ground, are convenient to install in high bed cistern bottom, and sunken bed is built in below ground, U-shaped water tank type troughstand edge is slightly higher than ground, so that by plastic film compacting.
Use above-mentioned raising seedlings by cutting olives slotting machine to carry out the method for raising seedlings by cutting olives, it is characterized in that comprising the steps:
Step 1, cuttings preparation
Cuttage material picks up from 2～3 monthly age of olive trunk coppice shoot, the stage casing of coppice shoot is cut into the cuttings of long 5～10cm, upper and lower side clip straight snips, upper clip is apart from blade base 1cm, lower clip is close to joint and cuts (staying joint), retain a pair of blade topmost, rest blade and axillalry bud are erased with hand, the cuttings of making is bundled into 30～50 a bundles after rinsing a little with clean running water, adopt 800 times of liquid carbendazim solution soaking disinfection 30min, cuttings after sterilization adopts 50～100mg/LIBA root-growing agent to soak cuttings base portion 2h, or in above-mentioned root-growing agent, add prosperous and 1%～5% the sucrose of 0.5～1.5% root, rooting efficiency is better,
Step 2, cuttage
Adopting peat soil and the perlite that volume ratio is 1:1 is matrix, cutting medium is adopted to draining after 0.5% potassium permanganate or 1000 times of liquid carbendazim solution soaking disinfection 2h, until water content of substrate, matrix is seated in the seedling culture hole plate of 10 * 10cm plastic seeding culturing bag or the applicable degree of depth 40～50% time, and be placed on slotting machine container for plant growth support, by the cuttings cuttage of making in wherein, can take high density cuttage, every bag or 3～5 cuttings of cave cuttage, after cuttage, U-shaped water tank type troughstand bottom catch basin is injected to the running water of dark 5cm, on plastic film support, cover plastic film, and by the film compacting of tank surrounding,
Step 3, slotting rear management
After cuttage, keep catch basin 20～38 ℃ of temperature around, 45～50d can be by bag on the seedling of taking root;
Step 4, upper bag are transplanted
The bag hardening on seedling of taking root during cuttage 45～50d, the olive seedling cultivating substrate of taking root is red soil and sylvan life humus soil, ratio is 2:1, after mixing, use the black plastic nutritious bag of 16cm * 16cm as cultivating container, after transplanting, irrigate normal root water, and build the high approximately little shed (moisturizing) of 20～30cm above cultivating bed, temper 10～15d and open film, later stage is monthly executed a fertilizer (composite fertilizer or olive special fertilizer), in conjunction with the extermination of disease and insect pest (adopting carbendazim and general insecticide).
Use slotting machine and the cuttage and seedling culture method of growing seedlings of the present invention, the cuttage root-taking rate in the time of 50 days reaches as high as 100%, on average can reach 99.1%, and the rooting rate of not doing any root-growing agent processing also has up to 100%, average out to 89.1%.Aspect quality of rooting, root-growing agent can obviously improve the quantity of adventive root after processing, and every average indefinite radical of cuttings reaches 11.2.
Compare with existing raising seedlings by cutting olives method, tradition slotting machine is generally high bed, plugging soil below also needs to lay draining layer, makes thermosphere, and plugging soil is also thicker, needs the little shed of building high about 80cm to keep air humidity on slotting machine, later stage also needs manually water or spray, after needing after lifting to ted, could continue next group cuttage, the manpower and materials of input are more, and seedling cost is higher, institute's wooden secondary lateral root of growing seedlings is less, and upper bag transplanting survival rate is lower.Underground heat slotting machine or hotbed need to below plugging soil, lay ground hot line or electric blanket increase the temperature of matrix, although can improve to a certain extent cuttage root-taking rate, but ground hot line and electric blanket are more fragile, to change firing equipment and quite bother, seedling cost is also higher.
In raising seedlings by cutting olives method of the present invention, after cuttage, do not need labor management, do not need firing equipment yet, only need to inject a small amount of running water, rootage duration is shorter, and 45～50d can go up bag, and root system development is good, lateral root is more, and quality is harder, and transplanting survival rate is higher.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of raising seedlings by cutting olives slotting machine of the present invention, and in figure, 1 is U-shaped water tank type troughstand, the 2nd, and netted container for plant growth support, the 3rd, plastic film support, the 4th, catch basin, 4-1 is water inlet pipe, 4-2 is outlet pipe, the 5th, container for plant growth, the 6th, seedling rearing room, the 7th, press mold groove;
Fig. 2 is the use schematic diagram of raising seedlings by cutting olives slotting machine of the present invention, and in figure, 1 is U-shaped water tank type troughstand, the 8th, and shady net, the 9th, green house.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1, as Fig. 1, shown in 2, in May, 2014, at Kunming Haikou forest farm plastic greenhouse 9, carry out extensive cuttage and seedling culture replica test, use high bed as slotting machine, high bed height of bed 0.3m, bedside 1.2m, length is determined according to actual conditions, with the U-shaped water tank type troughstand 1 of brick one-tenth, the long-term water conservation of energy, catch basin 4 bottoms are a little more than ground, be convenient to install outlet pipe 4-2 and water inlet pipe 4-1, the catch basin about 6cm of 4 degree of depth left and right, netted container for plant growth support 2 is laid in water surface top, place container for plant growth 5 above, plastic film support 3 is laid in place apart from container for plant growth mouth top 5～10cm, lay plastic film above, shady net 8(70% sunshade net is built in the place of U-shaped water tank type troughstand 1 top 2m), cuttage and seedling culture step:
Step 1, cuttings preparation
Cuttage material picks up from dry coppice shoot of 2～3 monthly age of olive tree, the stage casing of coppice shoot is cut into the cuttings of long 5～10cm, upper and lower side clip straight snips, upper clip is apart from blade base 1cm, lower clip is close to joint and cuts (staying joint), retain a pair of blade topmost, rest blade and axillalry bud are erased with hand, the cuttings of making is bundled into 30～50 a bundles after rinsing a little with clean running water, adopt 800 times of liquid carbendazim solution soaking disinfection 30min, cuttings after sterilization adopts 50～100mg/LIBA root-growing agent to soak cuttings base portion 2h, or in above-mentioned root-growing agent, add prosperous and 1%～5% the sucrose of 0.5～1.5% root, rooting efficiency is better,
Step 2, cuttage
Adopting peat soil and the perlite that volume ratio is 1:1 is matrix, cutting medium is adopted to draining after 0.5% potassium permanganate or 1000 times of liquid carbendazim solution soaking disinfection 2h, until water content of substrate, matrix is seated in the seedling culture hole plate of 10 * 10cm plastic seeding culturing bag or the applicable degree of depth 40～50% time, and be placed on slotting machine container for plant growth support, by the cuttings cuttage of making in wherein, can take high density cuttage, every bag or 3～5 cuttings of cave cuttage, after cuttage, U-shaped water tank type troughstand bottom catch basin is injected to the running water of dark 5cm, on plastic film support, cover plastic film, and by the film compacting of tank surrounding,
Step 3, slotting rear management
After cuttage, keep catch basin 20～38 ℃ of temperature around, 45～50d can be by bag on the seedling of taking root;
Step 4, upper bag are transplanted
The bag hardening on seedling of taking root during cuttage 45～50d, the olive seedling cultivating substrate of taking root is red soil and sylvan life humus soil, ratio is 2:1, after mixing, use the black plastic nutritious bag of 16cm * 16cm as cultivating container, after transplanting, irrigate normal root water, and build the high approximately little shed (moisturizing) of 20～30cm above cultivating bed, temper 10～15d and open film, later stage is monthly executed a fertilizer (composite fertilizer or olive special fertilizer), in conjunction with the extermination of disease and insect pest (adopting carbendazim and general insecticide).
Embodiment 2, in June, 2014, at Kunming Haikou forest farm plastic greenhouse, carry out extensive cuttage and seedling culture replica test, the design of employing sunken bed, structure is identical with high bed, distinctive points is that slotting machine builds in below ground, catch basin edge is slightly higher than ground, so that by plastic film compacting, cuttage step is identical with embodiment 1.
Cuttage result packet statistics, result is as table 1:
Table 1 cuttage root-taking result
From table, during 50d, the cuttage root-taking rate of this technology reaches as high as 100%, on average can reach 99.1%, and the rooting rate of not doing any root-growing agent processing also has up to 100%, average out to 89.1%.Aspect quality of rooting, root-growing agent can obviously improve the quantity of adventive root after processing, and every average indefinite radical of cuttings reaches 11.2.
Olive cottage method of the present invention and existing other cottage method result comparative analysis are as table 2
Table 2 the inventive method cuttage effect and other cottage method Contrast on effect analytical table
Cuttage root-taking rate of the present invention is apparently higher than other method.
Claims (4)
1. a raising seedlings by cutting olives slotting machine, it is characterized in that by U-shaped water tank type troughstand (1), netted container for plant growth support (2), plastic film support (3) forms, U-shaped water tank type troughstand (1) bottom is catch basin (4), on catch basin (4), be provided with oral siphon (4-1) and outlet pipe (4-2), netted container for plant growth support (2) is set on catch basin (4), be used for placing container for plant growth (5), U-shaped water tank type troughstand (1) top arranges plastic film support (3), the upper covered with plastic film of plastic film support (3), between netted container for plant growth support (2) and plastic film, be seedling rearing room (6), U-shaped water tank type troughstand (1) top also arranges press mold groove (7), for compacting plastic film, shady net (8) is built in place at U-shaped water tank type troughstand (1) top 2m, shady net is 70% sunshade net.
2. above-mentioned raising seedlings by cutting olives slotting machine as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that raising seedlings by cutting olives slotting machine can build up high bed or sunken bed, high bed cistern (4) bottom is a little more than ground, be convenient to be installed into water pipe (4-1) and outlet pipe (4-2), sunken bed slotting machine is built in below ground, U-shaped water tank type troughstand (1) edge is slightly higher than ground, so that by plastic film compacting.
3. use raising seedlings by cutting olives slotting machine as claimed in claim 1 to carry out the method for raising seedlings by cutting olives, it is characterized in that comprising the steps:
Step 1, cuttings preparation
Cuttage material picks up from olive trunk 2-3 monthly age coppice shoot, the stage casing of coppice shoot is cut into the cuttings of long 5～10cm, upper and lower side clip straight snips, upper clip is apart from blade base 1cm, lower clip is close to joint and cuts, retain a pair of blade topmost, rest blade and axillalry bud are erased with hand, the cuttings of making is bundled into 30～50 a bundles after rinsing a little with clean running water, adopt 800 times of liquid carbendazim solution soaking disinfection 30min, cuttings after sterilization adopts 50～100mg/LIBA root-growing agent to soak cuttings base portion 2h, or in above-mentioned root-growing agent, add prosperous and 1%～5% the sucrose of 0.5～1.5% root, rooting efficiency is better,
Step 2, cuttage
Adopting peat soil and the perlite that volume ratio is 1:1 is matrix, cutting medium is adopted to draining after 0.5% potassium permanganate or 1000 times of liquid carbendazim solution soaking disinfection 2h, until water content of substrate, matrix is seated in the seedling culture hole plate of 10 * 10cm plastic seeding culturing bag or the applicable degree of depth 40～50% time, and be placed on slotting machine container for plant growth support, by the cuttings cuttage of making in wherein, can take high density cuttage, every bag or 3～5 cuttings of cave cuttage, after cuttage, U-shaped water tank type troughstand bottom catch basin is injected to the running water of dark 5cm, on plastic film support, cover plastic film, and by the film compacting of tank surrounding,
Step 3, slotting rear management
After cuttage, keep catch basin 20～38 ℃ of temperature around, 45～50d can be by bag on the seedling of taking root;
Step 4, upper bag are transplanted
The bag hardening on seedling of taking root during cuttage 45～50d, the olive seedling cultivating substrate of taking root is red soil and sylvan life humus soil, ratio is 2:1, after mixing, use the black plastic nutritious bag of 16cm * 16cm as cultivating container, after transplanting, irrigate normal root water, and build the high approximately little shed moisturizing of 20～30cm above cultivating bed, temper 10～15d and open film, the later stage is monthly executed fertilizer one time, in conjunction with the extermination of disease and insect pest.
4. the method for raising seedlings by cutting olives as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that in step 1, in root-growing agent, add the prosperous and sucrose of root, the ratio of interpolation accounts for root-growing agent volume ratio and is: root prosperous 0.5～1.5% with sucrose 1%～5%, rooting efficiency is better.
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| CN104871903A (en) * | 2015-06-01 | 2015-09-02 | 新疆生产建设兵团第四师农业科学研究所 | Cutting seedling method for rosa damascena |
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| CN104871903A (en) * | 2015-06-01 | 2015-09-02 | 新疆生产建设兵团第四师农业科学研究所 | Cutting seedling method for rosa damascena |
| CN109417920A (en) * | 2017-06-19 | 2019-03-05 | 丽江市林业科学研究所 | A kind of preparation method of olive cutting medium |
| CN109417920B (en) * | 2017-06-19 | 2021-07-27 | 丽江市林业科学研究所 | Preparation method of olive cutting medium |
| CN107455171A (en) * | 2017-09-05 | 2017-12-12 | 安徽华健生物科技有限公司 | A kind of olive cottage breeding method of biogas biogas slurry integrated application |
| CN107624437A (en) * | 2017-11-07 | 2018-01-26 | 中国热带农业科学院南亚热带作物研究所 | Bag planting technology on natural seeding seedling under a kind of wildwood |
| CN110558071A (en) * | 2019-10-14 | 2019-12-13 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | Cutting seedling method for olive twigs |
| CN110896768A (en) * | 2019-10-29 | 2020-03-24 | 南京林业大学 | Method for cultivating root-rich rootstock seedlings of apocarya |
| CN116267555A (en) * | 2023-01-05 | 2023-06-23 | 凉山州中泽新技术开发有限责任公司 | Method for raising seedlings of olive by cutting in matrix bags |
| CN117099579A (en) * | 2023-10-25 | 2023-11-24 | 四川省畜牧科学研究院 | Batch cutting device and method for grassiness |
| CN117099579B (en) * | 2023-10-25 | 2024-01-09 | 四川省畜牧科学研究院 | Batch cutting device and method for grassiness |
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