CN1023293C - 一种含有美多心安盐的控制释放制剂的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种含有美多心安盐的控制释放制剂的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN1023293C
CN1023293C CN86106588A CN86106588A CN1023293C CN 1023293 C CN1023293 C CN 1023293C CN 86106588 A CN86106588 A CN 86106588A CN 86106588 A CN86106588 A CN 86106588A CN 1023293 C CN1023293 C CN 1023293C
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乌尔夫·埃里克·琼森
约翰·安德斯·桑德伯
约翰·艾伯持·肖格伦
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Abstract

一些含有美多心安盐作为主要溶解成分的小珠所组成的控制释放制剂,其生产方法以及治疗心血管病时的用法。

Description

本发明是关于一种可控制美多心安释放的新药物制剂,它的生产方法和用该新药物制剂医治心血管病的方法。
例如从联邦德国专利DE-2    106    209中知道美多心安的结构是
Figure 861065883_IMG1
这是β肾上腺受体拮抗剂的药物,最好用它的盐如酒石酸盐。
美多心安可阻断心脏的肾上腺素的激活,从而降低心脏组织的需氧量。明显地,这就可解释它对心绞痛有效和在心肌梗塞时对心脏的保护作用。另外美多心安可使相当比例的动脉高血压病人的血压正常化,这可能是由于另外一种控制血流周围阻力的作用。
对患心血管病的病人,在血液中保持所给药物的恒定浓度是有利的。因此,就希望在一长时期内有控制地释放药物。按照最普通的治疗方法,规定病人一次用一片速溶片剂,一天两次。这在一天中药物浓度的变化有高峰及波谷值产生。为将日剂量一次给药,可将美多心安结合到可控制释放的不溶解的基质片剂中,例如Durules 。但 是,在用药后数小时内就从基质片剂释放出剂量的百分之五十,这是不能令人满意的。因此,就要求找到一种药物制剂,使之能在大约20-24小时内更恒定地控制释放活性成份,这样在剂量起作用的整个时间间隙内血液中具有均匀的药物浓度,得到稳定的效果。
一种名为Oros
Figure 861065883_IMG3
的药物供给系统可用以一次日剂量时实现如美多心安的控制释放。这系统在美国专利4036007中及Theeuwes.F.British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology(1985),19卷,695-765页(增补部分)中述及Oros
Figure 861065883_IMG4
是一个由具有渗透活性的核构成的单一单位系统,主要含有药物的渗透活性核心所组成的药物,这个核主要由包有半渗透膜的药物组成膜上开一小孔。只要膜两边维持稳定的渗透压,系统通过膜释放出来的药物也保持恒定。药物总含量的50-60%以恒定速率释放出来。
在瑞典专利(SE-A-8400085中)建议制备一种含有如美多心安的肠溶衣的产品,它在接近结肠时可缓慢释出活性化合物。这种制剂不能使美多心安恒定地和不受PH影响地慢慢释放出来,而本发明的制剂可以做到这几点。
欧洲专利13263提出包含大量更小的单位的贮存制剂的例子。这专利介绍了被活性化合物复盖着的药物学上惰性的核心。这些核心是由可溶性物质如乳糖制成。
含有大量小单位的贮存制剂的优点是:可使药物从含有单一单位的制剂表面有控制地释放出来。如基质片或包衣片组成的贮存制剂就可以用控制的速度释放出药物。例如当所用颗粒小于1-2毫米时,这才可能达到从胃到小肠时可重复出现的单位排空。参看Bogentoft C等人:食物对肠衣形式的乙酰水杨酸吸收的影响。参看Europ    J    Clin    Pharmacol    1978年,14卷,351-355页。在胃肠道中大面积的分散,可使总通过时间更具重现性,这对吸收是有利的。参看Edgar    B,Bogentoft    C和Lagerstion    P    O:通过监测乙酰水杨酸的稳定状态水平和它在血浆和尿中的代谢产物来比较两种乙酰水杨酸肠衣制剂。Biopharmaceutice    and    Drug    Disposition    1984年,5卷,251-260页。另外,当药剂分布于肠道时,多单位制剂比单一药物单位更好。局部刺激的危险和由于消化道的收缩引起的数次药剂的积累也是相当少的。
多单位制剂的另一优点是可分成全部具有同样吸收性质的更小的部分。这使得在选择剂量大小时,可能有更大的灵活性。
本发明是关于一种包有活性成份的美多心安和在至少15小时内能控制药物释放速度的制剂。由很大数量的全部包含有主要溶解成份美多心安盐和用不含质子转移基团的纤维素衍生物的聚合膜包衣的坚实的小颗粒组成的制剂,可形成一具有在16-24小时中,实际不受PH影响而控制美多心安释放速度的合适制剂。
这些含有美多心安的小颗粒,有孔小珠,其大小为0.25-2毫米,以0.35-1.0毫米为最好。
这些小珠可单独含有美多心安或由包有美多心安的不溶核心所组成。这些小珠含有很高的美多心安成份,最好使可溶部分占小珠的95-100%(重量百分)。不溶核心的大小是0.1-1.0毫米,最好是0.15-0.3毫米。本发明的不溶核心的例子有二氧化硅和玻璃微粒。
按照本发明这些小珠是紧密的,即它们的孔隙率少于15%。
从图1可见这些新制剂的特征在于在20小时内最少释放出75%的美多心安并且至少50%剂量的美多心安以3-7重量/重量%/小时速率释放。
用于制剂的美多心安可以是外消旋物形式,或是其中一种对映体,即S-异构体。(S-异构体对R-型的浓度比例最好在95%以上)。
美多心安的适宜的溶解性盐类在25℃水中溶解度小于600毫克/毫升,最好在25℃水中溶解度为30-600毫克/毫升。适宜的盐类例子是有机羧酸盐类,小分子量的有机羧酸所形成的盐最好。尤其是外消旋的美多心安琥珀酸盐,富马酸盐或苯甲酸盐和美多心安的S-对映体的苯甲酸盐或山梨酸盐。
按照本发明,溶解度大的如酒石酸盐,盐酸盐是很少用的。
适用的聚合材料的例子有乙基纤维素或乙基纤维素和羟丙基甲基纤维素的混合物,羟丙基纤维素,Eudragit    RL或Eudragit    RS。
具有不同程度的粘度的乙基纤维素都可使用。按照本发明,使用10-50厘泊粘度的乙基纤维素较合适,但是其他类型的乙基纤维素也可以用。Eudragit 是由Rohm药厂生产的若干包衣膜物质的商品名,它是一种以丙烯酸树脂为基础的物质。Eudragit RL和RS是由丙烯酸酯和甲基丙烯酸酯合成的季胺基团含量低的共聚物。对Eudragit RL这些铵基团对其余中性的(甲基)丙烯酸酯的摩尔比是1∶20,而对Eudragit RS,则是1∶40。这使它们具有不同的渗透特性。
为了改进层的技术性能或改变包衣的渗透性,可往聚合物层添加增塑剂和/或色素。例如合适的增塑剂有柠檬酸酯,乙酰化的草甘油 酯及甘油三乙酸酯尤其是乙酰三丁基柠檬酸酯为好。
聚合物膜是由一种或多种聚合体制成的,在PH1.0-8.0之间其渗透性实际上不受PH影响。按照本发明,每一个包衣的美多心安小珠形成一单独的可按预定速率控制释出药物的单位。因此,按照本发明的包衣小珠,使得有可能按不同的剂量形式配制和给药,把它们填充到如硬明胶束类、袋类或压成片剂,仍可得到理想的血浆浓度和持续生效时间。
当将美多心安包衣微粒压片时,可将它们与添加物如微晶纤维素例如Avicel
Figure 861065883_IMG6
混合,它能改善压片性能并有利于片剂的崩解以释出各个小珠。
按照本发明的方法,有可能配制出一些药物剂量形式,只要每天给一次药,在给下一个剂量前的整个时间间隔内,血中药物浓度保持恒定。
控制释放制剂的生产方法是本发明的另一方面。在第一步含美多心安的小珠形成后,所得小珠用例中说明的聚合物层包衣。聚合体的混合物溶于有机溶剂如乙醇,异丙醇和/或二氯甲烷中。喷雾可在包衣锅中进行,但在流化床进行更好。乙基纤维素也可以水分散体系使用(胶乳)。按照本发明的制造在治疗心血管病方面有特别的优越性,这类情况下的治疗方法是本发明的另一方面。
本发明在下列例子中详细说明:
实例
例1
美多心安富马酸盐    1440克
二氯甲烷    9618克
95%乙醇    3888克
SiO2(0.15-0.25毫米) 375克
聚合物的膜
乙基纤维素10厘泊    265.6克
羟丙基甲基纤维素    58.4克
柠檬酸乙酰基三丁酯    36.0克
二氯甲烷    6141克
异丙醇    1544克
在流化床成粒器中美多心安富马酸盐是以95%乙醇溶液形式喷到二氧化硅核心上。这样形成的(0.4-0.63毫米部分)400克小珠(颗粒)用含10厘泊的乙基纤维素,羟丙基甲基纤维素和柠檬酸乙酰基三丁酯的聚合物层包衣,包衣方法是将上述物质的二氯甲烷和异丙醇溶液喷在上述颗粒上。然后将包衣小珠填充到硬明胶囊中。
例2
美多心安琥珀酸盐    1440克
二氯甲烷    9618克
95%乙醇    3888克
SiO2(0.15-0.25毫米) 375克
聚合物的膜
乙基纤维素50厘泊    168.1克
羟丙基甲基纤维素    36.9克
柠檬酸乙酰基三丁基酯    22.8克
二氯甲烷    4167克
异丙醇    815克
片剂添加物
微晶纤维素    470.3克
玉米淀粉    117.6克
土豆淀粉    10.6克
纯化水    342.2克
硬脂酸镁    1.2克
按照例1中说明的方法,将美多心安琥珀酸盐喷到二氧化硅核心上。400克这样形成的颗粒用含有乙基纤维素50厘泊,羟丙基甲基纤维素和柠檬酸乙酰基三丁基酯的聚合物膜包上。一种片剂的添加物是由干燥微晶纤维素和玉米淀粉混合物与土豆淀粉水溶液在桨式混合器中用湿式颗粒化方法制成。等量(600克)的活性物质的和添加物的颗粒最后和0.1%硬脂酸镁混合后压成片剂。
例3
具有0.42毫米平均粒度的致密球形颗粒状的100%美多心安琥珀酸盐。
400克的美多心安琥珀酸盐的粒度小于0.63毫米的上述颗粒用以下物质包衣。
乙基纤维素10厘泊    177.1克
羟丙基甲基纤维素    38.9克
柠檬酸乙酰基三丁基酯    24.0克
二氯甲烷    4049克
异丙醇    1029克
按上述方法将所得小珠制成药物制剂。
例4
美多心安琥珀酸盐    1440克
二氯甲烷    9618克
95%乙醇    3888克
Sio2(0.15-0.25毫米) 375克
聚合物膜
乙基纤维素N-10    166.2克
羟丙基甲基纤维素    39.0克
柠檬酸乙酰基三丁基酯    22.8克
二氯甲烷    3889克
异丙醇    978克
片剂添加物
微晶纤维素    429.3克
玉米淀粉    67.1克
乳糖粉    40.3克
聚乙烯吡咯酮    55.5克
(polyvidone)
纯化水    314.7克
硬脂酸镁    1.2克
片剂包衣物料(12,500片)
羟丙基甲基纤维素    159.6克
聚乙二醇6000    39.9克
二氧化钛色素    39.9克
纯化水    1356克
特种石蜡    1.6克
按照上述例1和2所述的方法,将美多心安琥珀酸盐喷到二氧化硅核上。这些得到的小珠400克(0.4-0.63毫米部分)用聚合混合物包衣,如上述。所得美多心安琥珀酸盐包衣小珠和等份添加物混合,在加完0.1%硬脂酸镁后,将干混合物压成片。最后这些片在包衣锅中用上述片剂包衣物料进行包衣。
例5
美多心安的S-对映体的山梨酸盐    粒度为0.4-0.6毫米
的紧密球形颗粒
上述40克美多心安山梨酸盐(粒度小于0.63毫米)和360克的粒度在0.75-1.0毫米间的沾糖(non-pareil)颗粒用下列物料包衣
乙基纤维素10厘泊    51.7克
羟丙基甲基纤维素    11.3克
柠檬酸乙酰基三丁基酯    7.0克
二氯甲烷    1194克
异丙醇    300克
按上述方法将所得小珠制成药物制剂。
生物药剂学研究
附图2中表示出服用例4描述的可控制释放含美多心安琥珀酸盐190毫克的单剂量后的血浆中的美多心安的浓度和服用含200毫克美多心安酒石酸盐的单剂量的Durules 后的血浆中的浓度。190毫克琥珀酸盐相当于200毫克美多心安酒石酸盐在10例受试验者中进行对比试验。每点代表10例受试者的平均值。如图所示,本发明的制剂在20小时以上得到几乎恒定的美多心安的浓度,而不溶性的基质制剂在用药后最初几小时得到不期望的高血浆浓度。
运动心率的减慢
给12个受试者一日一次服用含100毫克美多心安酒石酸盐的一般片剂并在服药后第5天测量运动心率减慢情况,并与服用本发明例4中含95毫克美多心安琥珀酸盐(相当100毫克美多心安酒石酸盐)的可控制释放制剂的受试者第五天的运动心率减慢情况进行比较。运动心率的减慢情况在图3中表明,可以看到,本发明的制剂在24小时可产生稳定的药效。
目前认为,例4是执行本发明的最好方法。
表1说明在离体实验中,例1-4的制剂中的美多心安的释放。从表可看出,最少50%的美多心安剂量以3-7重量/重量%/小时的速度释放出来。
Figure 861065883_IMG8

Claims (11)

1、一种含有美多心安盐的控制释放制剂的制备方法,所说制剂是在pH1-8间其渗出性实际上不受pH影响而在20小时内释放出至少75%的美多心安剂剂量,其特征在于以基本上由乙基纤维素和羟丙基甲基纤维素一起组成可生成聚合膜的溶液喷涂含有至少95%(重量/重量)的可溶部分的小珠,所说可溶部分包括作为主要可溶成分的在25℃时在水中的溶解度小于600毫克/毫升的美多心安盐。
2、按照权利要求1的方法,其特征在于小珠的大小在0.25-2毫米之间。
3、按照权利要求2的方法,其特征在于小珠的大小在0.35-1.0毫米之间。
4、按照权利要求1的方法,其特征在于美多心安盐是由一种有机羧酸形成的。
5、按照权利要求4的方法,其特征在于美多心安盐是外消旋的美多心安的琥珀酸盐或富马酸盐。
6、按照权利要求5的方法,其特征在于美多心安盐是美多心安的S-对映体的苯甲酸盐或山梨酸盐。
7、按照权利要求1的方法,其特征在于未包衣的小珠含有一种涂布在不溶性的核上的美多心安盐。
8、按照权利要求7的方法,其特征在于不溶性核的大小为0.1-1.0毫米。
9、按照权利要求7的方法,其特征在于不溶性核的大小为0.15-0.3毫米并用美多心安盐复盖表面,得大小为0.35-1.0毫米的包以聚合物膜的小球。
10、按照权利要求1的方法,其特征在于0.35-1.0毫米的未包衣的小珠含有美多心安盐并用聚合膜包衣。
11、按照权利要求1的方法,其特征在于聚合膜含有乙基纤维素。
CN86106588A 1985-10-11 1986-10-11 一种含有美多心安盐的控制释放制剂的制备方法 Expired - Lifetime CN1023293C (zh)

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