CN102088925A - 牙科用具加强 - Google Patents

牙科用具加强 Download PDF

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CN102088925A
CN102088925A CN2009801269224A CN200980126922A CN102088925A CN 102088925 A CN102088925 A CN 102088925A CN 2009801269224 A CN2009801269224 A CN 2009801269224A CN 200980126922 A CN200980126922 A CN 200980126922A CN 102088925 A CN102088925 A CN 102088925A
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dental appliance
tooth
arch
appliance
arch rib
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乔恩·莫斯
卢·马尔扎诺
埃里克·库
凯尔西·沃思
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Align Technology Inc
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C7/00—Orthodontics, i.e. obtaining or maintaining the desired position of teeth, e.g. by straightening, evening, regulating, separating, or by correcting malocclusions
    • A61C7/08—Mouthpiece-type retainers or positioners, e.g. for both the lower and upper arch
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C7/00—Orthodontics, i.e. obtaining or maintaining the desired position of teeth, e.g. by straightening, evening, regulating, separating, or by correcting malocclusions
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C9/00—Impression cups, i.e. impression trays; Impression methods
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C13/00—Dental prostheses; Making same
    • A61C13/0003—Making bridge-work, inlays, implants or the like
    • A61C13/0004—Computer-assisted sizing or machining of dental prostheses
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C7/00—Orthodontics, i.e. obtaining or maintaining the desired position of teeth, e.g. by straightening, evening, regulating, separating, or by correcting malocclusions
    • A61C7/002—Orthodontic computer assisted systems

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  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明提供用于牙科用具加强的方法、系统和设备。一种牙科用具包括：多个用于在里面放置牙齿的牙孔，其中所述多个牙孔包括内表面和外表面；以及沿所述外表面定位的加强拱肋。

Description

牙科用具加强
相关申请案的交叉参考
本申请案是2007年10月31日申请的第11/981,679号美国申请案的部分连续案，所述第11/981,679号美国申请案是2004年8月30日申请的第10/930,700号的连续案，所述第10/930,700号是2003年10月22日申请的第10/691,755号(现为第6,802,713号美国专利)的连续案，所述第10/691,755号是2002年8月26日申请的第10/228,885号美国申请案(现为第6,682,346号美国专利)的连续案，所述第10/228,885号是1998年10月8日申请的第09/169,034号美国申请案(现为第6,471,511号美国专利)的连续案，所有这些申请案的完整揭示内容都以引用的方式并入本文中。
本申请案与2003年11月20日申请的共同拥有的第10/718,779号美国申请案相关，所述第10/718,779号美国申请案是2000年10月10日申请的第09/686,190号美国申请案(现被废弃)的连续案，所述第09/686,190号美国申请案是1998年10月8日申请的第09/169,276号美国申请案的连续案，而且本申请案还与1998年10月8日申请的第09/169,036号美国申请案(现为第6,450,807号美国专利)相关，所有这些申请案的完整揭示内容都以引用的方式并入本文中。
技术领域
本发明大体上涉及牙科治疗。在某些类型的牙科治疗中，可以使用多种用具中的任一种将患者的牙齿从最初的位置移到最终的位置。可以使用用具对牙齿施加力，借以移动一个或多个牙齿，或将其保持在适合的位置，作为属于治疗阶段的操作。
背景技术
在一些情况下，所述用具可能会因用于形成所述用具的材料的松弛而丧失其赋予力的某种能力。这种松弛可能是由随时间变化的力的施加引起；可能是由材料的固有特性和/或结合用具一起提供或与用具同时使用的材料等等原因所引起。在一些情况下，此松弛可能降低所述用具的效用。
附图说明
图1是根据本发明实施例的详细说明治疗过程的工序的流程图，所述工序包括用于计算矫正器形状的子工序。
图2是根据本发明一个实施例的用于计算矫正器形状的工序的流程图。
图3是根据本发明一个实施例的用于建立有限元模型的子工序的流程图。
图4是根据本发明一个实施例的计算矫正器改变的子工序的流程图。
图5A是根据本发明一个实施例的用于计算矫正器形状改变的子工序的流程图。
图5B是根据本发明一个实施例的用于计算矫正器形状改变的子工序的流程图。
图5C是根据本发明一个实施例的用于计算矫正器形状改变的子工序的流程图。
图5D是说明图5B的子工序的操作的示意图。
图6是根据本发明一个实施例的计算数组矫正器的形状的工序的流程图。
图7说明用具和上面待安装所述用具的一组牙齿的实施例。
图8A说明沿图7的线2A-2A取得的用具厚度。
图8B说明沿图7的线2B-2B取得的用具厚度。
图9说明根据本发明一个实施例的具有大体上水平的内外拱肋的用具。
图10说明用具的横截面，其说明沿图9的线10-10取得的拱肋。
具体实施方式
在本发明的实施例中，提供用于界定用具配置或供递增地移动牙齿的用具配置的改变的用具、系统和方法。举例来说，在一些实施例中，所述用具可包括一个或多个拱肋，其可用于例如关于可能施加的各种力来加强所述用具的至少一部分的结构。在一些实施例中，牙齿的移动可以是通常与畸齿矫正治疗相关联的移动，包括在相对于垂直中心线的三个正交方向上的平移、在两个畸齿矫正方向上(“牙根成角(root angulation)”和“转矩”)的牙齿中心线的旋转，以及绕中心线的旋转。
图1说明用于界定和产生进行患者的畸齿矫正治疗的再定位用具的例示性牙科工序100的综合流程图。所述工序100包括本发明实施例的方法，并且适于本发明实施例的设备，如将要描述的。所述工序的计算步骤可有利地实施为(例如)供在一个或多个常规计算装置上执行的计算装置程序模块。
作为初始步骤，在一些实施例中，可获取患者的牙齿或口腔组织的模具或扫描(110)。这一步骤可例如涉及获得患者的一个或多个牙齿和/或牙龈的一个或多个铸型，而且还可能涉及采用蜡咬模、直接接触扫描、x射线成像、断层成像、超声成像，和/或其它用于获得有关牙齿、下颌、牙龈和/或其它畸齿矫正相关组织的位置和结构的信息的技术。根据这样获得的数据，可以衍生出数字数据集，其代表了患者的牙齿和/或其它组织最初(例如治疗前)的布置。
所述初始数字数据集可包括由扫描操作获得的原始数据和/或由原始数据衍生的代表表面模型的数据，可对这一初始数字数据集进行处理以将组织成分彼此分隔开(步骤120)。具体点说，例如在此步骤中，可以产生以数字代表个别牙冠的数据结构。有利地，在一些实施例中，产生整个牙齿的数字模型，包括测量的或推断的隐藏表面和牙根结构。
牙齿的所需最终位置(即，畸齿矫正治疗的所需和/或预期最终结果)可从临床医生的处方中接收；可由畸齿矫正的基本原理计算得到，和/或可由临床处方计算推断(步骤130)，或者来自其它最终位置来源。借助于牙齿的所需最终位置的说明以及牙齿本身的数字表示，可以详细说明每一牙齿的最终位置和/或表面几何形状(步骤140)，由此形成所需治疗结果时的完整牙齿模型。一般说来，在这些实施例中，在本步骤中可以详细说明每一牙齿的位置。此步骤的结果是一组数字数据结构，其表示相对于假定稳定的组织进行模型牙齿的畸齿矫正的正确再定位。在一些实施例中，牙齿与组织都表示为数字数据。
有了牙齿的开始位置和最终位置，接下来，所述工序界定供牙齿运动的牙齿路径。牙齿路径可以集合体形式优化，以致牙齿可以最快的方式移动，但发生最少量的往复操作(round-tripping)，由此将牙齿从其最初的位置送至其所需的最终位置。(往复操作是牙齿在除直接朝向所需最终位置外的任何方向上的任何运动。有时需要往复操作来使牙齿相互移动通过。)
在一些工序中，分割牙齿路径。在这些实施例中，对区段进行计算，以致每一牙齿在某一区段内的运动都停留在线性和旋转平移的阈限内。以此方式，各路径区段的终点可构成临床上可见的再定位，而且区段终点的集合体构成临床上可见的牙齿位置序列，使得所述序列中的一个点到另一点的移动不会导致牙齿的碰撞。
在如图1等实施例中，线性和旋转平移的阈限可经初始化，在一个实施方案中，用基于待使用的用具的性质的默认值来初始化。可使用患者特异性数据计算出较多个别定制的极限值。也可根据用具计算(步骤170，下文将描述)的结果更新所述极限值，这些极限值可确定在沿一个或多个牙齿路径的一个或多个点处，在随后将存在的牙齿和组织配置上由所述用具产生的力不能实现由一个或多个牙齿路径区段所表示的再定位。利用此信息，界定分段路径的子工序(步骤150)可重新计算路径或受影响的子路径。
在所述工序的各个阶段，例如，在界定了分段路径后，所述工序可与负责患者治疗的临床医生互动(步骤160)。临床医生互动可使用经过编程以接收牙齿位置和模型以及来自服务器计算机的路径信息的客户端程序(client process)或者其中实施工序100的其它步骤的程序来实施。所述客户端程序可有利地经编程为允许临床医生显示位置和路径的动画，并允许临床医生重设一个或多个牙齿的最终位置，同时详细说明施加至分段路径的约束。如果临床医生做出任何这样的改变，那么在一些实施例中，可再次执行界定分段路径的子工序(步骤150)。
分段的牙齿路径和相关联的牙齿位置数据可用于计算临床上可接受的用具配置(或用具配置的连续改变)，以便在由路径区段所指定的步骤中在限定的治疗路径上移动牙齿(步骤170)。每一用具配置表示一个沿患者的治疗路径的步骤。这些步骤经过界定和计算以使得每一个别位置能遵循利用先前个别步骤所实现的从牙齿位置的直线牙齿移动或简单旋转，并且使得每一步骤所需的再定位的量可涉及对患者的齿系所施加的适宜畸齿矫正的量的力。与路径界定步骤一样，此用具计算步骤可包括与临床医生互动，甚至是迭代互动(步骤160)。实施此计算步骤的工序步骤(如步骤200)的操作将于下文更全面地描述。
计算了用具的限定后，工序100可进入到制造步骤(步骤180)，在这一步骤中，制造由所述工序所界定的用具，或者产生电子或印制信息，这些信息可被用于手动或自动工序中以界定用具的配置或用具配置的改变。
图2说明实施用具计算步骤(图1步骤170)的工序200，是针对2000年12月21日申请的第09/745,825号美国专利申请案(代理人案号9001.ALG.WOX1C1)中所述类型的聚合物外壳矫正器。所述工序的输入可例如包括初始矫正器形状202、各种控制参数204和在当前治疗路径区段结尾时牙齿的所需最终配置206。其它输入可包括下颌中适当位置处的牙齿的数字模型、下颌组织的模型以及初始矫正器形状和矫正器材料的说明。使用这些输入数据，所述工序可以建立矫正器在牙齿上的适当位置时的矫正器、牙齿和/或组织的有限元模型(步骤210)。接下来，所述工序可将有限元分析应用于矫正器、牙齿和/或组织的复合有限元模型(步骤220)。所述分析可持续运行，直到达到退出条件，此时，在一些实施例中，所述工序可评价牙齿是否已经到达了当前路径区段的所需最终位置或与所需最终位置足够接近的位置(步骤230)。在这些实施例中，如果牙齿没有到达可接受的最终位置，那么在一些情况下，所述工序可计算新的候选矫正器形状(步骤240)。如果到达了可接受的最终位置，那么在一些实施例中，可利用有限元分析来计算牙齿的运动，以便确定这些运动是否为畸齿矫正可接受的(步骤232)。如果它们不是畸齿矫正可接受的，那么在一些实施例中，所述工序还继续计算新的候选矫正器形状(步骤240)。如果这些运动是畸齿矫正可接受的，而且牙齿已经到达了可接受的位置，那么将当前的矫正器形状与先前计算的矫正器形状相比较。在各种实施例中，如果确定当前的形状是目前最佳的解决方案(决定步骤250)，那么可将其保存为目前最佳的候选形状(步骤260)。在一些这样的实施例中，如果不能确定，那么可在任选采用的步骤中将其保存为可能的中间结果(步骤252)。如果当前的矫正器形状是目前最佳的候选形状，那么可以使用所述工序来确定其是否好到可以接受(决定步骤270)。如果是的，那么所述工序退出。否则，所述工序可继续进行并计算另一候选形状(步骤240)以供分析。
有限元模型可以使用可从多种厂商得到的计算机程序应用软件建立。为了建立立体几何模型，可以使用计算机辅助工程(computer aided engineering，CAE)或计算机辅助设计(computer aided design，CAD)程序，例如下文将论述的可购自欧特克公司(Autodesk，Inc.；加利福尼亚州圣拉斐尔市(San Rafael，California))或者索德克公司(SolidWorks)的AutoCAD软件产品。为了建立有限元模型并进行分析，可以使用来自多个厂商的程序产品，包括可购自CADSI公司(爱荷华州克拉尔维尔(Coralville，Iowa))的PolyFEM产品；可购自参数技术有限公司(Parametric Technology Corporation；马萨诸塞州尼德姆(Needham，Massachusetts))的Pro/Mechanica模拟软件；可购自结构动力学研究公司(Structural Dynamics Research Corporation，SDRC；俄亥俄州辛辛那提(Cincinnati，Ohio))的I-DEAS设计软件产品；和可购自麦克尼尔-斯奇文德勒公司(MacNeal-Schwendler Corporation；加利福尼亚州洛杉矶(Los Angeles，California))的MSC/NASTRAN产品。可用于各种实施例中的其它程序包括可购自索德克公司(马萨诸塞州康科德市(Concord，Massachusetts))的SolidWorks
Figure BPA00001293376100052
以及可购自参数技术有限公司(马萨诸塞州尼德姆)的ProEngineer
Figure BPA00001293376100053
等。
图3显示建立可用于执行工序200的步骤210(图2)的有限元模型的工序300。在所示实施例中，模型建立工序300的输入包括描述牙齿和组织的输入数据302和描述矫正器的输入数据304。描述牙齿的输入数据302可例如包括牙齿的数字模型；刚性组织结构的数字模型(如果适用)；在无包埋牙齿和连接牙齿的基质组织的特定模型的情况下，模仿所述组织的高粘性流体的形状和粘度说明；和/或指定模型元件的固定边界的边界条件。在一个实施方案中，所述模型元件只包括牙齿模型、高粘性包埋基质流体的模型以及实际上界定保存模型流体的刚性容器的边界条件。
可以建立牙齿和/或组织的初始配置的有限元模型(步骤310)，并任选地进行超高速缓存以待稍后所述工序的迭代过程再使用(步骤320)。与牙齿和组织相同，可建立聚合物外壳矫正器的有限元模型(步骤330)。此模型的输入数据可包括详细说明制造矫正器的材料和/或矫正器形状的数据(数据输入304)。
随后，可以计算方式操纵模型矫正器，将其放在模型下颌的模型牙齿上，以建立在适当位置的矫正器的复合模型(步骤340)。任选地，可计算出使矫正器变形以套在牙齿(包括附接到牙齿的任何硬件)上所需的力，并将此力(例如)用作衡量特定矫正器配置的可接受性的品质因数。然而，在替代方案中，可通过将足够的力施加到矫正器内部以使其大到足以套在牙齿上；将模型矫正器放到复合模型中的模型牙齿上；设置模型牙齿和组织具有无穷大刚性的条件，和/或使模型矫正器在固定的牙齿上的适当位置中松弛下来，来建立矫正器变形的模型。可建立矫正器和牙齿的表面的模型以在此阶段于无摩擦力的情况下互动，使得在开始有限元分析以找出复合模型解决方案和/或计算出在扭曲矫正器的影响下牙齿的移动之前，矫正器模型实现在模型牙齿上的正确初始配置。
在提供多个拱肋的各种实施例中，可建立拱肋的数字模型，和/或可调整力的计算或以不同方式计算力，以说明可提供至拱肋的力的改变。这些改变可使牙齿更快地移动，使牙齿抵抗较强或较长持续时间的力保持位置且/或移动较长的持续时间。
图4显示用于计算可用于矫正器计算中的下一矫正器的形状(工序200的步骤240(图2))的工序400。可以使用多种输入来计算下一候选矫正器形状。这些输入包括由复合模型的有限元分析解决方案生成的数据的输入402和/或由当前的牙齿路径所界定的数据404等信息。衍生自有限元分析的数据402可例如包括发生牙齿的模拟再定位的实时消逝时间量；由该分析计算的实际最终牙齿位置；施加至每一牙齿的最大线性和扭转力；和/或每一牙齿的最大线性和角速度。由输入路径信息可知，输入数据404可例如包括当前路径区段的初始牙齿位置；在当前路径区段结尾时所需的牙齿位置；每一牙齿的最大可允许位移速度；和/或每一牙齿的每一类最大可允许力。
如果发现先前评价的矫正器违反了一个或多个约束，那么工序400可使用额外的输入数据406。此数据406可包括鉴别先前评价的矫正器所违反的约束的信息，和先前评价的矫正器的任何经过鉴别的次最佳性能。
接收了初始输入数据(步骤420)后，所述工序可在所述模型中的可移动牙齿上迭代执行。(一些牙齿可被鉴别为不能移动的，且被约束为不能移动的。)如果当前由先前选择的矫正器所选择的牙齿的运动的最终位置和/或动力学是可接受的(决定步骤440的“是”分支)，那么所述工序可继续进行，例如选择需要考虑的下一牙齿(步骤430)，直到所有牙齿都已经考虑到(步骤430到步骤470的“完成”分支)。否则(步骤440的“否”分支)，可以计算在当前选择的牙齿区域中矫正器的改变(步骤450)。随后，所述工序可返回到曾经描述过的选择下一当前牙齿步骤(步骤430)。
在一些实施例中，当已经考虑了所有牙齿时，可针对先前界定的约束来评价对矫正器所作的集中改变(步骤470)，其实例已经有所提及。约束可参考多种其它考虑(例如可制造性)来界定。例如，约束可经过界定，以设置矫正器材料的最大和/或最小厚度，和/或设置矫正器在牙冠上的最大和/或最小覆盖率。在这些实施例中，如果满足矫正器的约束，那么可应用所述改变来界定新的矫正器形状(步骤490)。在一些这样的实施例中，对矫正器的改变进行修订以满足所述约束(步骤480)，并应用修订过的改变来界定新的矫正器形状(步骤490)。
图5A说明计算在当前牙齿的区域中矫正器的改变的步骤的一个实施方案(步骤450)。在此实施方案中，可以使用基于规则的推理机456来处理先前描述的输入数据(输入454)和/或由多个规则构成的规则库452中的一组规则452a到452n。推理机456和规则452可用于界定生产系统，当此生产系统应用于真实的输入数据时，可以用来产生一组输出结论，以详细说明在当前牙齿的区域中对矫正器所作的改变(输出458)。
规则452具有常规的两部分形式：界定条件的如果部分(if-part)和界定满足条件时所断言的结论或动作的那么部分(then-part)。条件可以是简单的断言，或者其可以是多个断言的复杂合取(conjunction)或析取(disjunction)。界定对矫正器所作的改变的一组规则的实例可例如包括下述：如果牙齿的运动太慢，那么在矫正器的与所需运动方向相反的方向上添加驱动材料；如果牙齿的运动太慢，那么添加驱动材料以过度校正牙齿的位置；如果所需最终位置的牙齿太短，那么添加材料进行过度校正；如果牙齿已经移动得离所需最终位置太远，那么添加材料以使矫正器变硬，在那里牙齿移动与其会合；如果已经添加最大量的驱动材料，那么添加材料以过度校正牙齿的再定位，并且不添加驱动材料；和/或如果牙齿是在非所需方向的方向上运动，那么去除和添加材料以重定向牙齿，等等规则。
在图5B和5C所示的另一个实施例中，可计算出矫正器的绝对配置，而非增量差异。如图5B中所示，可使用工序460计算在当前牙齿的区域中矫正器的绝对配置。使用已经描述过的输入数据，这一工序可计算当前牙齿的所需最终位置与所实现的最终位置之间的差异(462)。使用牙齿中心线与牙龈组织水平面的交点作为参照点，所述工序可计算出任一个或全部6个运动自由度的差异的余数，即，3个平移自由度和/或3个旋转自由度(步骤464)。接下来，在一些实施例中，模型牙齿可从其所需的最终位置移位余数差异量(步骤466)，如图5D中所示。
图5D显示示范性模型矫正器60在示范性模型牙齿62上的平面图。所示牙齿是处于其所需的最终位置，且所示的矫正器形状是由在此最终位置的牙齿所界定。利用有限元分析计算的牙齿的实际运动可显示为牙齿放在位置64而非所需的位置62中。计算的最终位置的余数可显示为位置66。工序460的下一步骤(图5B)利用前一步骤(466)中计算的移位的模型牙齿的位置在此工序的迭代过程中界定当前牙齿的区域中的矫正器(步骤468)。此计算的在当前牙齿的区域中的矫正器配置在图5D中显示为由位置66中再定位的模型牙齿所界定的形状68。
图5C中显示了工序460的一个步骤，其也可按规则452(图5A)实施。为了在当前牙齿的中心轴方向上移动牙齿，可以使界定矫正器的所述区域的模型牙齿的尺寸或矫正器中允许容纳所述牙齿的空间的量在所述工序决定移开该牙齿的区域中较小(步骤465)。
如图6中所示，在治疗路径中计算矫正器的形状的步骤的工序200可以是计算一系列矫正器的形状的总工序600的一个步骤。所述总工序600可例如以初始化步骤602开始，在这一步骤中，可以获得初始数据、控制和/或约束值。
在一些实施例中，当找到治疗路径的每一步骤或区段的矫正器配置(步骤604)时，可以使用总工序600来确定一个或多个矫正器是否是可接受的(步骤606)。在一些实施例中，如果它们是可接受的，那么所述工序退出并完成。在一些实施例中，所述工序可采取一组步骤610来尝试计算一组可接受的矫正器。在这些实施例中，所述工序可放宽对矫正器的一个或多个约束(步骤612)。接着，对于具有不可接受的矫正器的每一路径区段，可利用新的约束来执行使矫正器成形的工序200(步骤614)。如果矫正器现在为可接受的，那么可以退出总工序600(步骤616)。
矫正器可能因多种原因而为不可接受的，在这些实施例中，其中一些原因可通过所述总工序处理。例如，如果需要任何不可能的移动(决定步骤620)，也就是说，如果需要形状计算工序200来实现规则或调整都不适用的运动，那么所述工序600可着手执行一个模块，这个模块可计算通过施加力来实现此所需运动的目标牙齿的硬件附件的配置(步骤640)。当将硬件添加到模型中时，由于添加硬件可具有大于局部的效应，故在这些情况下，所述总工序600的外层循环可被再次执行(步骤642)。
如果不要求不可能的移动(步骤620的“否”分支)，那么所述工序可将控制转移到路径界定工序(如图1的步骤150)，以重新界定治疗路径中具有不可接受的矫正器的那些部分(步骤630)。此步骤可包括在治疗路径上改变牙齿运动的增量(即改变分割)，改变路径并随后改变治疗路径中的一个或多个牙齿，或二者。在这些实施例中，重新界定了治疗路径后，可再次执行所述总工序的外层循环(步骤632)。在一些实施例中，可有利地将再计算局限于只再计算治疗路径的重新界定部分上的那些矫正器。如果矫正器现全部为可接受的，那么可以退出所述总工序(步骤634)。如果仍存在不可接受的矫正器，那么可重复所述总工序，直到发现一组可接受的矫正器，或超过迭代极限(步骤650)。在这一点上，以及在本说明书中描述的工序中的其它点上，例如在计算额外硬件(步骤640)时，所述工序可与操作人员(例如临床医生或技术人员)互动，以请求帮助(步骤652)。操作人员所提供的帮助可包括例如界定或选择欲附接至牙齿和/或骨骼的适合的附件；界定所添加的弹性元件，以提供治疗路径的一个或多个区段所需的力；在牙齿的运动路径和/或治疗路径的分割中，提出治疗路径的变化；和/或批准偏离有效约束(operative constraint)或放宽有效约束。
如上文所提到的，可以借助各条输入数据界定所述总工序600，并确定其参数(步骤602)。在一个实施方案中，此初始化和界定数据包括以下各项：所述总工序的外层循环的迭代极限；经计算以确定矫正器是否足够好的品质因数的说明(参看图2步骤270)；矫正器材料的说明；矫正器的形状或配置必须满足可接受性的约束的说明；畸齿矫正可接受的力以及定位运动和速度的说明；初始治疗路径，其包括每一牙齿的运动路径和治疗路径成为区段的分割，每一区段将由一个矫正器完成；安装在牙齿上或另外的任何固定器的形状和位置的说明；以及下颌骨和牙齿处在其中或其上的其它组织的模型的说明(在所述实施方案中，此模型包括包埋牙齿的粘性基质流体的模型，所述流体的边界条件基本上界定此流体的容器)。
在各种实施例中，可将其它特征添加到牙齿模型数据集以产生矫正器的所需特征。例如，可能需要添加数字蜡补块(patch)来界定空腔或凹槽，由此保持矫正器与牙齿或下颌的特定区域之间的空隙。也可能需要添加数字蜡补块来界定波状和/或其它结构形式，由此建立具有特定硬度和/或其它结构特性的区域。在依靠产生阳性模型来生产再定位用具的制造工艺中，将蜡补块添加到数字模型可用于产生与添加的蜡补块具有相同的几何形状的阳性模具。这可在界定矫正器的基本形状时或计算特定矫正器形状时全局进行。可以添加的一个特征例如为在牙床周围的边缘，其可通过在用于制造矫正器的数字模型牙齿的牙床处添加数字模型线制造而成。当通过在数字牙齿的阳性物理模型上加压装配聚合物材料来制造矫正器时，所述沿牙床的线可用于使矫正器的周围具有边缘，从而沿牙床提供额外的硬度。此实施例显示于图9和10中。
在另一任选采用的制造技术中，可在阳性牙齿模型上加压装配两片材料，其中一片材料是沿矫正器的拱顶切割，而另一片覆盖于顶部。这一实施例可提供沿牙齿的垂直壁的双重矫正器材料厚度，等等益处。
在许多情况下，对矫正器设计所作的改变受用于制造它的制造技术约束。例如，如果通过在阳性模型上加压装配聚合物薄片来制造矫正器，那么常常利用薄片的厚度来确定矫正器的厚度。因此，系统实施例一般可通过改变模型牙齿的定向、模型牙齿各部分的尺寸、附件的位置和/或选择，和/或材料的添加和/或去除(例如添加线或产生凹痕)以改变矫正器的结构来调整矫正器的性能。在这些实施例中，系统可设计成通过指定一个或多个矫正器是由厚度不同于标准厚度的薄片制成以便向牙齿提供程度不同的力来调整矫正器。另一方面，如果矫正器将利用快速成型技术(rapid prototyping technique)(例如添加剂制造法)，例如利用立体光刻法、光刻法、熔融沉积成形法、选择性激光烧结法或其它类似方法制造而成，那么可改变矫正器的局部厚度，并且可添加结构特征(例如边缘、凹痕和沟纹)，而不改变牙齿的数字模型。这些方法可例如用于形成拱肋(如本文中进一步详述)。
所述系统还可以设计成模仿较为传统的用具的作用，例如护圈和支柱，并由此适用于产生针对特定患者的最佳设计和治疗程序。
本发明一个或多个实施例的数据处理方面可以数字电子电路或以计算机硬件、固件、软件或其组合实施。本发明一个或多个实施例的数据处理设备可以由供可编程处理器执行的机器可读存储装置中有形地体现的计算机程序产品实施；并且可由可编程处理器执行指令程序，通过操作输入数据和/或生成输出来执行本发明一个或多个实施例的功能来执行本发明一个或多个实施例的数据处理方法步骤。可有利地以一个或多个计算机程序实施本发明一个或多个实施例的数据处理方面，这些计算机程序可以在可编程系统上执行，所述可编程系统包括至少一个可编程处理器，其经耦接以从数据存储系统、至少一个输入装置和/或至少一个输出装置接收数据和/或指令，和/或将数据和/或指令传送至数据存储系统、至少一个输入装置和/或至少一个输出装置。每一计算机程序都是以高阶程序语言和/或面向对象的编程语言，和/或必要时以汇编语言和/或机器语言实施；而且在任何情况下，所述语言都可以是编译型语言和/或解释型语言。适合的处理器包括例如通用和专用微处理器，等等逻辑处理结构。一般说来，处理器可从只读存储器和/或随机存取存储器接收指令和/或数据。适于有形地体现计算机程序指令和/或数据的存储装置包括所有形式的非易失性存储器，包括例如半导体存储装置，例如EPROM、EEPROM和快闪存储装置；磁盘，例如内置硬盘和可装卸式磁盘；磁光盘；和CD-ROM盘，等等媒体类型。前述任一者都可由ASIC(专用集成电路)补充或并入ASIC中。
为了提供与用户的互动，可以使用具有用于向用户显示信息的显示装置(例如监视屏或LCD屏(液晶显示器))和供用户向计算机系统提供输入的输入装置(例如键盘；二维点操作装置，例如鼠标或轨迹球；或三维点操作装置，例如数据手套或陀螺仪空中鼠标(gyroscopic mouse))的计算机系统来实施本发明的一个或多个实施例。可对计算机系统进行编程以便提供图形用户界面，经由此，计算机程序与用户互动。计算机系统的程序还可设计成提供虚拟现实的三维显示界面，以用于某些实施例中。
本发明包括多个用具和系统实施例，其上包括多个拱肋。例如，实施例可包括多个用于关于一个或多个力(例如扭转、平移或其它类型的力)加强牙科用具的拱肋，下文中将更为详细地论述。
例如，在各种实施例中，所述多个拱肋可包括多个扭转加强拱肋，用以关于一个或多个扭转(即扭曲或旋转)力加强牙科用具。例如，在一些实施例中，所述多个拱肋包括多个扭转加强拱肋，其各自关于一个或多个针对位于所述多个牙孔中的一者的中心处并在相邻牙孔的中心方向上伸长的线的扭转力加强牙科用具。
如上文所论述，实施例也可针对平移力进行设计，例如相对于用具形状和定向，侧面到侧面、前面到后面、后面到前面、上面与下面和/或下面与上面。例如，在各种实施例中，所述多个拱肋可包括多个垂直力加强拱肋，用以特别关于一个或多个垂直于位于所述多个牙孔中的一者的中心处并在相邻牙孔的中心方向上伸长的线的力加强牙科用具。在一些实施例中，所述多个拱肋包括多个垂直力加强拱肋，用以关于一个或多个基本上垂直于位于所述多个牙孔中的一者的中心处并在相邻牙孔的中心方向(例如用具伸长的方向)上伸长的线的力加强牙科用具。
图7说明用具和上面待安装所述用具的一组牙齿的实施例。在图7的实施例中，用具700包括多个用于在其中定位一个或多个牙齿(例如患者710的下颌716上的牙齿714)的牙孔和多个垂直拱肋712。如图7中所示，所述多个牙孔各自可包括内表面和外表面。在一些实施例中，可沿外表面定位一个或多个加强拱肋。
在各种实施例中，所述拱肋中一部分与另一部分的厚度可不同，和/或一个拱肋与另一拱肋的厚度可不同。例如，在一些实施例中，一些拱肋可较厚，可能需要较多的力，而一些较薄，可能需要较少的力。此外，尽管这些拱肋是显示为始终沿用具伸长的长度以彼此隔开的方式定位，但在一些实施例中，所述拱肋可沿用具的长度而非始终沿该长度定位于一处或多处。
拱肋可具有多种尺寸和/或形状，而且拱肋一部分的尺寸和/或形状可不同于另一部分。在一些实施例中，一个或多个拱肋经尺寸设定为不妨碍牙科用具的分界面，所述分界面紧靠所述多个牙孔中一者的一部分外表面。
在图7的实施例中，所述多个牙孔各自界定一个牙齿的孔，但本发明的实施例可能具有用以容纳一个以上牙齿的孔。另外，在图7的实施例中，所述多个拱肋各自大体上关于用具伸长的方向垂直对准，并且大体上提供于各牙孔之间的接面处或附近，然而，本发明的实施例可具有关于伸长方向水平或倾斜定向和/或并非提供于各牙孔之间的接面处或附近的拱肋。
图8A和8B可以帮助鉴别本发明一个实施例中拱肋结构的一个实施例。图8A说明沿图7的线8A-8A取得的用具厚度。此图式提供了第一厚度，在图7的实施例中，此厚度是用具812主部的厚度。
图8B说明沿图7的线2B-2B取得的用具厚度。此图式提供了第二厚度，在图7的实施例中，此厚度是用具818的拱肋的厚度。图8A和8B说明拱肋818的厚度大于812的厚度。
所提供的拱肋也可具有与用具其它部分相同或比用具其它部分小的厚度。例如，在一些实施例中，可将较硬的材料或形状用作拱肋材料，而且其可能比用于用具其它部分的材料薄。
如图8B的实施例中所示，一个或多个拱肋的至少一部分可沿所述多个牙孔中的一者的外表面的高度基本上垂直定位。在一些实施例中，一个或多个拱肋可定位于牙科用具的外表面上在两个牙孔之间，也如图8B中所示。
在各种实施例中，一个或多个拱肋的至少一部分可横跨所述多个牙孔中的一者或多者的外表面的宽度(例如，沿用具的外部表面)定位。在一些实施例中，拱肋可横跨经形成用于容纳牙齿的孔的顶部(例如图8B中所示U形拱肋的顶部)定位。
在一些实施例中，一个或多个拱肋的至少一部分可沿所述多个拱肋中的一者或多者的外表面的高度(例如图8B中所示U形拱肋的侧部)和/或横跨所述多个牙孔中的一者或多者的外表面的顶部(例如图8B中所示U形拱肋的侧部和顶部)基本上垂直定位。在各种实施例中，一个或多个拱肋定位于牙科用具的外表面上在两个牙孔之间，如图8B的实施例中所示。
图9说明根据本发明一个实施例的具有大体上水平的内外拱肋的用具。如上文所述，用具可具有一个或多个垂直、倾斜和/或水平拱肋或拱肋部分，其各以所述定向定位(例如，拱肋具有非线性形状)，而且所述一个或多个拱肋可定位于用具外表面的内部、顶部和/或外部。如图8B中所示，拱肋可包括位于用具上一个或多个所述位置中(例如内部、顶部和外部)的部分。
如图9的实施例中所示，在各种实施例中，一个或多个拱肋的至少一部分可横跨所述多个牙孔中的至少一个外表面的长度基本上横向定位。如图9的实施例中所示，在一些实施例中，一个或多个拱肋可定位成至少横跨一个以上牙孔的所述外表面。在一些实施例中，所述实施例可因拱肋与用具和/或容纳于其中的牙齿的相邻部分的力合作而提供额外增强。
图10说明用具的横截面，其说明沿图9的线10-10取得的拱肋。图10的实施例包括在用具1012的外表面上的各个位置出所提供的拱肋1022。
拱肋可呈各种形状。如图10的实施例中所示，拱肋可具有半圆形截面等等截面形状。其它截面形状可包括例如圆形、椭圆形、多边形或不规则形状等。不同的形状可提供针对加强的不同特性以及拱肋能提供给用具的其它益处。相应地，拱肋可具有上文论述的不同形状和尺寸，和/或拱肋的各部分可具有不同的形状和尺寸。
本发明还包括多个方法实施例。例如，在一些实施例中，一种方法包括在计算装置上形成一个或多个患者牙齿的虚拟牙齿模型。所述方法还包括根据虚拟牙齿模型的信息形成虚拟的牙科用具。方法实施例也可包括根据虚拟牙科用具的形状，在虚拟牙科用具上形成多个拱肋。
所述多个拱肋是根据关于牙科用具在患者口腔中可能经受的力的信息而形成。
欲定位于患者口腔中的真实用具可根据在计算装置中形成的虚拟牙科用具而形成。在一些这样的实施例中，可以使用快速成型法(例如光刻法，如本文所论述)形成包括多个拱肋的用具。
在各种实施例中，可以使用快速成型法形成用具，并且可以将多个拱肋附接到此用具。可例如通过编织拱肋穿过用具中形成的多个孔；通过用粘合剂(例如紫外光固化粘合剂)或借助热成形法(其中将多个层与夹在两层之间的拱肋材料的至少一部分按压在一起)，在沿用具长度的两个或两个以上点处附接拱肋等等用于将拱肋附接到用具的机制，来实现所述附接。
在各种实施例中，可将一个或多个拱肋附接到用于制作用具的模具，随后可以使用拱肋在用具上提供形状。在这些实施例中，用具上的拱肋是凸起部分，其成形为附接至模具的拱肋的形式。所述附接至模具可以任何适合的方式实现，包括(但不限于)摩擦附接、物理附接(例如编织、各部分的锁紧布置等)、粘接或其它附接机制。
在一些实施例中，多个拱肋都是由一种材料制成。在各种实施例中，拱肋与用具可由同种材料形成。在一些实施例中，真实用具和多个拱肋是由不同材料形成。
除非明确说明，否则本文描述的方法实施例不局限于特定顺序或次序。此外，就时间来说，所描述的一些方法实施例或其要素可同时或至少基本上同时发生或执行。
尽管本文已经说明和描述了特定实施例，但所属领域的一般技术人员应理解，经计算为实现相同技术的任何布置都可取代所示的特定实施例。本发明既定涵盖本发明各种实施例的任何和所有改编或变更。
应了解，使用术语“一”、“一个(种)或多个(种)”、“多个(种)”或“至少一个(种)”都应解释为表示存在一项或多项。还应了解，上述描述是以示范性而非限制性方式提供。所属领域的技术人员在审阅上述描述后将明了上述实施例的组合以及本文未具体描述的其它实施例。
本发明各种实施例的范围包括使用上述结构和方法的任何其它申请案。因此，本发明各种实施例的范围应参照所附权利要求书和所述权利要求所具有的等效内容的完整范围确定。
在前述实施方式中，出于简化本发明的目的，将各种特征集中在单一实施例中。本发明的方法不应解释为反映本发明实施例需要比各权利要求项中明确陈述多的特征。
而是，如所附权利要求书所反映的，发明的主题内容少于所揭示的单一实施例中的所有特征。因此，将所附权利要求并入具体实施方式中，其中各权利要求自身可作为单独实施例。

Claims (23)

1.一种牙科用具，其包含：
多个用于在里面放置牙齿的牙孔；
其中所述多个牙孔包括内表面和外表面；以及
沿所述外表面定位的加强拱肋。
2.根据权利要求1所述的牙科用具，其中所述拱肋的至少一部分横跨所述多个牙孔的至少一个外表面的长度基本上横向定位。
3.根据权利要求2所述的牙科用具，其中所述拱肋经定位成至少横跨两个牙孔的所述外表面。
4.根据权利要求1所述的牙科用具，其中所述拱肋的至少一部分沿所述多个牙孔中的一者的所述外表面的高度基本上垂直定位。
5.根据权利要求4所述的牙科用具，其中所述拱肋定位于所述牙科用具的外表面上在两个牙孔之间。
6.根据权利要求1所述的牙科用具，其中所述拱肋的至少一部分横跨所述多个牙孔中的一者的所述外表面的宽度定位。
7.根据权利要求1所述的牙科用具，其中所述拱肋的至少一部分沿所述多个牙孔中的一者的所述外表面的高度并横跨所述多个牙孔中的一者的所述外表面的宽度基本上垂直定位。
8.根据权利要求7所述的牙科用具，其中所述拱肋定位于所述牙科用具的外表面上在两个牙孔之间。
9.根据权利要求1所述的牙科用具，其中所述拱肋经尺寸设定为不妨碍牙科用具的分界面，所述分界面将紧靠所述多个牙孔中的一者的所述外表面的一部分。
10.一种牙科用具系统，其包含：
牙科用具，其具有多个用于在里面放置牙齿的牙孔；
其中所述多个牙孔包括内表面和外表面；以及
多个拱肋，其用于关于一个或多个力加强所述牙科用具。
11.根据权利要求10所述的牙科系统，其中所述多个拱肋包括多个扭转加强拱肋，其用于关于一个或多个扭转力加强所述牙科用具。
12.根据权利要求11所述的牙科系统，其中所述多个拱肋包括多个垂直力加强拱肋，其用于关于一个或多个垂直于位于所述多个孔中的一者的中心处并在相邻牙孔的中心方向上伸长的线的力加强所述牙科用具。
13.根据权利要求10所述的牙科系统，其中所述多个拱肋包括多个垂直力加强拱肋，其用于关于一个或多个垂直于位于所述多个孔中的一者的中心处并在相邻牙孔的中心方向上伸长的线的力加强所述牙科用具。
14.根据权利要求10所述的牙科系统，其中所述多个拱肋包括多个加强拱肋，其各自关于一个或多个垂直于位于所述多个孔中的一者的中心处并在相邻牙孔的中心方向上伸长的线的力提供对所述牙科用具的加强。
15.根据权利要求10所述的牙科系统，其中所述多个拱肋中的至少一者具有半圆形截面。
16.根据权利要求10所述的牙科系统，其中所述多个拱肋包括多个横向加强拱肋，其用于关于一个或多个平移力加强所述牙科用具。
17.一种方法，其包含：
在计算装置上形成一个或多个患者牙齿的虚拟牙齿模型；
根据所述虚拟牙齿模型的信息，形成虚拟牙科用具；以及
根据所述虚拟牙科用具的形状，在所述虚拟牙科用具上形成多个拱肋。
18.根据权利要求17所述的方法，其中根据关于所述牙科用具在患者口腔中可能经受的力的信息而形成所述多个拱肋。
19.根据权利要求17所述的方法，其中所述方法包括根据在所述计算装置中形成的所述虚拟牙科用具，形成欲定位于患者口腔内的真实用具。
20.根据权利要求17所述的方法，其中形成真实用具包括使用快速成型法形成包括所述多个拱肋的所述真实用具。
21.根据权利要求17所述的方法，其中形成真实用具包括使用快速成型法形成所述真实用具，并将多个拱肋附接至所述真实用具。
22.根据权利要求19所述的方法，其中包括所述多个拱肋的所述真实用具是由一种材料形成。
23.根据权利要求19所述的方法，其中所述真实用具和所述多个拱肋是由不同材料形成。
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