WO2018195859A1 - 一种无托槽隐形牙齿矫治器及其制作方法 - Google Patents
一种无托槽隐形牙齿矫治器及其制作方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018195859A1 WO2018195859A1 PCT/CN2017/082202 CN2017082202W WO2018195859A1 WO 2018195859 A1 WO2018195859 A1 WO 2018195859A1 CN 2017082202 W CN2017082202 W CN 2017082202W WO 2018195859 A1 WO2018195859 A1 WO 2018195859A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
- A61C7/00—Orthodontics, i.e. obtaining or maintaining the desired position of teeth, e.g. by straightening, evening, regulating, separating, or by correcting malocclusions
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- the invention relates to the technical field of orthodontics, in particular to a bracketless invisible tooth appliance and a manufacturing method thereof.
- the bracketless invisible appliance is a computer-aided design of a dental appliance made of a polymer transparent elastic material. It is a series of continuous active appliances that achieve tooth correction by continuously moving the teeth in a small range. purpose.
- the housing formed on the inner surface conforms to the shape of all or part of the crown of the user, but differs from the spatial position of the corresponding one or more teeth. After wearing, the parts of the appliance with different spatial positions are elastically deformed, and the elastic material is deformed to produce a continuous resilience to adjust the position of the teeth and restore the correct occlusion relationship.
- bracketless invisible dental appliances are designed by computer-aided design software. Firstly, according to the original arrangement of the teeth to be treated, the final tooth layout after the correction is designed. Then according to the spatial difference of the tooth layout before and after the correction, the number is designed.
- Steps to dozens of step-by-step correction steps to form a step-by-step correction model then print each step-by-step correction model into a photocurable resin prototype through a 3D printer; then use a transparent dental film of a polymer material to form by a positive pressure film
- the technology is pressed into a series of appliances on the prototype of the photocurable resin; finally, the appliance is cut and polished along the boundary line of the gum by mechanical means, so that the final appliance covers only the teeth and is not in contact with the gums.
- the bracketless invisible dental appliance only moves the teeth 0.1 to 0.3 mm per step. Only some teeth can move at different stages, and the other non-moving teeth act as anchorages. Together with computer software, not only can the corrective force be controlled (ie Control the distance of the movement), and control the time of the orthodontic force to precisely control the movement of the teeth.
- the bracketless invisible tooth appliance is gradually replacing the traditional wire bracket because of its beautiful appearance, comfort, self-striping, almost completely transparent when worn, and precise controllability of the correction process.
- the appliance is favored by more and more patients and doctors.
- the bracketless invisible orthodontic appliance relies on the elastic deformation of the dental diaphragm to generate the corrective force, which can provide a stable localized force, such as: individual tooth movement, torsion, etc., but for the overall deformation of the dentition, such as: full dentition Expanding the bow or closing the bow, its orthodontic power is insufficient.
- the device is made of a polymer film material with uniform thickness and is formed by a positive pressure film forming technique. It is easy to produce a large orthostatic force in the local area, and the overall generating force is insufficient.
- a bracketless invisible orthodontic appliance is a thin-shelled mouthpiece having an upper end that closes the cut end of the corresponding tooth and a lower end that corresponds to the root of the tooth.
- the lower end of the appliance is weaker than the upper end. In some cases (eg, twisting the canine), the lower end of the appliance will loosen from the attached tooth, causing the appliance to "derail".
- the present application provides a bracketless invisible dental appliance which is resistant to tearing and detachment and is suitable for full dentition expansion and arching, and a manufacturing method thereof.
- an embodiment provides a bracketless invisible tooth appliance, which is a dental mouthpiece made of a polymer transparent elastic material, wherein a lower end edge of the mouthpiece is provided with a reinforcing structure, and the reinforcing structure is one or more segments of a wave. The convexity of the curve.
- cross section of the protrusion is semicircular or semi-elliptical.
- the protrusion is formed by arching the lower edge of the mouthpiece.
- the protrusion covers the lower edge of the side incisor to the lower edge of the first premolar, and the height of the surface of the protrusion is 0.5 to 1.5 mm.
- the protrusion is covered with the lower end edge of the mouthpiece, and is surrounded by a ring structure, and the height of the surface of the protrusion is 1 to 2 mm.
- the protrusion covers the lower edge of the derailed tooth and the lower edge of the adjacent two teeth, and the surface height of the protrusion is 1 to 1.5 mm.
- an embodiment provides a method for manufacturing a bracketless invisible dental appliance, comprising the steps of:
- an appliance master mold having a reinforcing structure at a lower edge, the reinforcing structure being one or more segments having a wavy curved protrusion;
- the polymer transparent dental diaphragm is positively pressed on the appliance master to form an appliance having a reinforced structure.
- the preparation of the appliance master comprises the following steps:
- Parameter setting set the position of the protrusion covering the lower edge of the tooth and the surface height
- Adjust the position of the control point manually modify the initial position of the control point in a three-dimensional interactive manner
- calculating the initial position of the control point includes calculating a initial position of the reinforcing edge control point and a position of the gum control point;
- Calculating the initial position of the enhanced edge control point includes the following steps:
- the tooth local coordinate system is established.
- the center of gravity of the dental crown is taken as the origin, and an orthogonal coordinate system is established.
- the long axis of the tooth is the y-axis
- the positive direction is the crown direction
- the buccal direction of the tooth is the z-axis.
- the positive direction is the buccal side
- the x-axis direction is determined according to the right hand rule;
- Calculating the position of the gum control point includes the following steps:
- the calculated initial positions of the buccal control points of adjacent teeth a and teeth b are respectively The midpoint of the line is C 1 , and C 1 is projected onto the surface of the gum to obtain R 1 point, and R 1 is the initial position of the buccal gingival control point;
- the initial position T 1 of the lingual gingival control point of the adjacent two teeth is calculated.
- the dynamic movement control point includes a tooth control point movement and a gum point control point movement
- the initial position of the gum control point is P
- the moving matrix of the adjacent tooth a is M 1
- the moving matrix of the adjacent tooth b is M 2
- the movement formula of the gum control point is:
- the reinforcing structure can reinforce the lower edge of the appliance, and the reinforcing structure is one or more sections of the protrusion It can be used to prevent partial detachment and tearing of the appliance.
- the reinforcing structure is a section of a ring that is formed into a ring, the reinforcing structure also enhances the overall orthodontic force of the appliance, so that the appliance with the reinforced structure can also be used for the full dentition. Expand the bow or close the bow.
- the manufacturing method can accurately calculate a bracketless invisible dental appliance with a reinforced structure.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a master mold of a bracketless invisible dental appliance in the first embodiment
- FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a tear preventing reinforcing structure in the first embodiment
- FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a ring reinforcing structure in the first embodiment
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a medium-term diagram of a reinforcing structure correction process in the first embodiment
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the later stage of the reinforcing structure correction process in the first embodiment
- FIG. 7 is a flow chart of a method for manufacturing a bracketless invisible dental appliance in the second embodiment
- FIG. 8 is a flow chart of a method for manufacturing an appliance master in the second embodiment
- FIG. 9 is a schematic structural view of a master mold for manufacturing an appliance in the second embodiment.
- Embodiment 1 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 1:
- a bracketless invisible tooth appliance is provided.
- the bracketless invisible tooth appliance is a transparent mouthpiece made of a polymer transparent elastic material, and the mouthpiece has a structure in which the upper end is closed and the lower end is open.
- the female mold of the bracketless invisible dental appliance of the present embodiment the appliance is composed of The polymer film is pressed on the mother mold, and the lower end edge of the mouthpiece 1 is provided with a reinforcing structure 2, and the reinforcing structure 2 is a wave-shaped convex protrusion, and the wavy structure of the reinforcing structure 2 is combined with the lower edge of the tooth and the gingival joint.
- the reinforcing structure 2 is formed by arching the lower edge of the dental mouthpiece 1, that is, the reinforcing structure 2 and the dental mouthpiece 1 are an integral structure.
- the cross-section of the reinforcing structure 2 is semi-circular or semi-elliptical for convenience of production and favorable stress. Shaped, curved shape is also more comfortable to wear.
- the reinforcing structure 2 is arranged in one or more sections and the surface height, and the reinforcing structure 2 is arranged on one side or both sides of the mouthpiece, and can be set according to actual needs, for example:
- the protrusion covers the lower edge of the side incisor to the lower edge of the first premolar, and is located on the buccal side and the lingual side of the mouthpiece 1, and the height of the convex surface It is 0.5 to 1.5 mm.
- the convex portion is covered with the lower end edge of the dental mouthpiece 1 and is surrounded by a ring structure, and the height of the convex surface is 1 to 2 mm.
- the protrusion covers the lower edge of the derailed tooth and the lower edge of the adjacent two teeth, and the height of the surface of the protrusion is 1 to 1.5 mm.
- the specific value of the raised surface height can be selected based on a number of trials.
- the control points of the spline curve of the adding structure 2 are attached to the teeth and the gums, following the teeth and The gums move to control the deformation of the spline curve, and the teeth are gradually corrected.
- the bracketless invisible tooth appliance moves the teeth 0.1 to 0.3 mm per step.
- Figures 4 to 6 show the front, middle and back of the teeth. stage.
- the bracketless invisible tooth appliance provided by the embodiment provides a reinforcing structure 2 for the lower edge of the bracketless invisible appliance, and the reinforcing structure 2 can reinforce the lower edge of the appliance, and the reinforcing structure 2 is one or more protrusions. When used, it can be used to prevent partial detachment and tearing of the appliance.
- the reinforcing structure 2 is a section of a ring that is formed into a ring shape, the reinforcing structure 2 also enhances the overall orthodontic force of the appliance, so that the appliance having the reinforcing structure 2 can also be used. Expanding or closing the bow in the full dentition.
- Embodiment 2 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 1:
- the embodiment provides a method for manufacturing a bracketless invisible tooth appliance, and the method for manufacturing the bracketless invisible tooth appliance is mainly used for producing the bracketless invisible tooth appliance of the first embodiment.
- the manufacturing method of the bracketless invisible dental appliance mainly comprises:
- the appliance master is provided with a reinforcing structure along the lower edge of the tooth, and the reinforcing structure is one or more segments having a wavy curved protrusion.
- the reinforcing structure is a ring structure formed by a plurality of wavy curved lines.
- the polymer transparent dental film is pressed onto the master mold by a positive pressure film process to form a bracketless invisible tooth appliance, preferably by mechanical means along the gum line
- the trough invisible dental appliance is cut and polished to produce a finished toothless indentation appliance.
- the steps of making the appliance master are subdivided into the following steps (mainly including production algorithms):
- the parameter setting mainly includes: setting a range in which the convex spline covers the tooth;
- Calculating the initial position of the control point includes calculating the initial position of the reinforcing edge control point and the position of the gum control point;
- Calculating the initial position of the enhanced edge control point includes the following steps:
- the tooth local coordinate system is established.
- the center of gravity of the dental crown is taken as the origin, and an orthogonal coordinate system is established.
- the long axis of the tooth is the y-axis
- the positive direction is the crown direction
- the buccal direction of the tooth is the z-axis.
- the positive direction is the buccal side
- the x-axis direction is determined according to the right hand rule;
- Calculating the position of the gum control point includes the following steps:
- the initial positions of the buccal control points of the adjacent teeth a and teeth b calculated according to the above method are respectively
- the midpoint of the line is C 1
- C 1 is projected onto the surface of the gum to obtain the R 1 point, which is the initial position of the buccal gingival control point;
- the three-dimensional interaction mode is used to manually modify the initial position of the control point to adjust the initial position to the exact position.
- a bracketless invisible appliance consists of a series of continuous appliances that require the reinforced structure to move following the teeth and gums.
- Dynamic movement control points include tooth control point movement and gum control point movement:
- the tooth control point movement formula the movement of the tooth belongs to the spatial position change of the rigid body, so the control point attached thereto can follow the movement, and the movement matrix of the tooth is M, then the tooth control point movement formula is:
- Gum control point movement formula The position of the control point on the gum follows the movement of the gum, which belongs to elastic deformation. Its deformation is driven by the position of two adjacent teeth.
- the initial position of the control point of the gum is P
- the moving matrix of the adjacent tooth a is M1
- the moving matrix of the adjacent tooth b is M2
- the movement formula of the gum control point is:
- the cubic B-spline curve is generated by using the control points of the moved teeth and gums as the center line of the reinforcing structure protrusion, and the nesting operation is performed along the center line according to the circle or semi-ellipse of the specified radius, and the two ends are closed to generate three-dimensional Entity structure.
- Boolean AND operation is used to merge the enhanced structure with the 3D printing prototype to generate a 3D printed prototype file with a strengthened structure
- the 3D printing apparatus prints an appliance master having a reinforcing structure in accordance with a 3D printing prototype file having a reinforcing structure.
- the reinforcing structure can also be fabricated by manual or software three-dimensional design. Since there is no dynamic movement control point, the precision of the reinforcing structure is slightly lower, and the manufacturing efficiency is also low.
- the method for manufacturing the bracketless invisible dental appliance obtained by the embodiment obtains an accurate reinforcing structure by calculation of the initial position and the movement of the control point, and the efficiency of the appliance master is high by 3D printing.
Abstract
一种无托槽隐形牙齿矫治器及其制作方法，无托槽隐形牙齿矫治器为由高分子透明弹性材料制成的牙套（1），牙套（1）的下端边缘设有加强结构（2），加强结构（2）为一段或多段呈波浪形曲线的凸起。由于无托槽隐形牙齿矫治器的下缘具有加强结构（2），加强结构（2）能够加固矫治器下边缘，加强结构（2）为一段或多段凸起时，可用于防止矫治器的局部脱落和撕裂，加强结构（2）为一段围合成环形的凸起时，加强结构（2）也增强了矫治器的整体矫治力，从而具有加强结构（2）的矫治器也可用于全牙列的扩弓或收弓。制作方法能够精确的计算制作出具有加强结构（2）的无托槽隐形牙齿矫治器。
Description
本发明涉及牙齿矫正技术领域，具体涉及一种无托槽隐形牙齿矫治器及其制作方法。
无托槽隐形牙齿矫治器是一种通过计算机辅助设计的，由高分子透明弹性材料制成的牙齿矫治器，它是一系列连续的活动矫治器，通过不断的小范围移动牙齿达到牙齿矫治的目的。其内表面形成的壳体与使用者的全部或部分牙冠形状一致,但与对应的一个或多个牙齿的空间位置有所差别。佩戴后，矫治器上空间位置有差别的部分产生弹性形变，依靠弹性材料变形产生持续的回弹力调整牙齿位置并使其恢复正确的咬合关系。
现有无托槽隐形牙齿矫治器大都是通过计算机辅助设计软件进行设计的，首先根据待矫治牙齿的原始排列设计出矫治后的最终牙齿布局；再根据矫治前后牙齿布局的空间差异，设计出数步至数十步的分步矫治步骤，形成分步矫治模型；再通过3D打印机将各分步矫治模型打印成光固化树脂原型；然后采用高分子材料的透明牙科膜片通过正压压膜成型技术在光固化树脂原型上压制成一系列矫治器；最后通过机械装置沿齿龈交界线对矫治器进行剪裁、打磨,使最终的矫治器仅覆盖牙齿,且与牙龈没有接触。
无托槽隐形牙齿矫治器每步仅移动牙齿0.1～0.3mm，在不同阶段仅某些牙齿可以移动，而另外不移动的牙齿作为支抗，配合计算机软件，不仅可以控制矫治力的大小(即控制移动的距离),而且可以控制矫治力作用的时间，从而精密的控制牙齿的移动过程。
目前，在牙齿正畸领域中，无托槽隐形牙齿矫治器因其美观、舒适、可自行摘带、佩戴时几乎完全透明、矫治过程精确可控等特点，正在逐步取代传统的金属丝托槽矫治器，受到越来越大的患者和医生的青睐。
无托槽隐形牙齿矫正器依靠牙科膜片的弹性形变产生矫治力，可在局部提供稳定的矫治力，如：个别牙的移动、扭转等，但对于牙列整体形变，如：全牙列的扩弓或收弓，其矫治力显得不足。这是由于隐形矫
治器是用厚度均匀的高分子膜片材料，通过正压压膜成型技术制成的，在局部易产生较大的矫治力，而在整体上产生的矫治力则显得不足。
无托槽隐形牙齿矫正器是一种薄壳状牙套，其上端封闭对应牙齿的切端，下端为开口对应牙齿的根部。相比于上端，矫治器的下端强度较弱。在某些情况(如：扭转尖牙)，矫治器下端会从所附着的牙齿上松脱，从而导致矫治器“脱轨”。
另外，在摘带矫治器时，临近尖牙或前磨牙位置会形成应力集中点，容易在这个位置造成矫治器下端撕裂。
发明内容
本申请提供一种抗撕裂、防脱并适用于全牙列扩弓和收弓的无托槽隐形牙齿矫治器及其制作方法。
根据第一方面，一种实施例中提供一种无托槽隐形牙齿矫治器，为由高分子透明弹性材料制成的牙套，牙套的下端边缘设有加强结构，加强结构为一段或多段呈波浪形曲线的凸起。
进一步地，凸起的横截面呈半圆形或半椭圆形。
进一步地，凸起由牙套下边缘拱起而成。
进一步地，凸起覆盖于侧切牙下缘至第一前磨牙下缘，凸起的表面高度为0.5～1.5mm。
进一步地，凸起布满牙套的下端边缘，围合成一个环形结构，凸起的表面高度为1～2mm。
进一步地，凸起覆盖于防止脱轨牙齿下缘及相邻两个牙齿的下缘，凸起的表面高度为1～1.5mm。
根据第二方面，一种实施例中提供一种无托槽隐形牙齿矫治器的制作方法，包括如下步骤：
制作下缘具有加强结构的矫治器母模，加强结构为一段或多段呈波浪形曲线的凸起；
制作矫治器：高分子透明牙科膜片正压在矫治器母模上制成具有加强结构的矫治器。
进一步地，制作矫治器母模包括如下步骤：
参数设定：设定凸起覆盖在牙齿下缘的位置及表面高度；
计算控制点初始位置；
调整控制点位置：采用三维交互方式，手动的修改控制点的初始位置；
动态移动控制点；
生成加强结构；
生成3D打印原型文件；
3D打印矫治器母模。
进一步地，计算控制点初始位置包括计算加强边控制点初始位置和牙龈控制点位置；
计算加强边控制点初始位置包括如下步骤：
首先建立牙齿局部坐标系，以牙齿临床牙冠的重心为原点，建立一个正交坐标系，牙齿长轴方向为y轴，其正方向为牙冠方向，牙齿的颊舌方向为z轴，其正方向为颊侧，按照右手定则确定x轴方向；
计算颊侧控制点位置时，取齿龈交界线z＞0,且y坐标最小的点，定义为P1，将P1沿y+方向移动d，获得Q1点，将Q1点投影到牙齿表面，得到S1点，S1为该牙齿的颊侧控制点初始位置；
计算舌侧控制点位置时，取齿龈交界线z＜0,且y坐标最小的点，定义为P2，将P2沿y-方向移动d，获得Q2点，将Q2点投影到牙齿表面，得到S2点，S2为该牙齿的舌侧控制点初始位置；
计算牙龈控制点位置包括如下步骤：
计算得出的相邻牙齿a和牙齿b的颊侧控制点初始位置分别为
其连线的中点为C1，将C1投影到牙龈表面，得到R1点，R1为颊侧牙龈控制点的初始位置；
并计算出相邻两颗牙齿的舌侧牙龈控制点的初始位置T1。
进一步地，动态移动控制点包括牙齿控制点移动和牙龈控制点移动；
其中，设牙齿的移动矩阵为M，则牙齿控制点移动公式为：
S′1＝M·S1
设牙龈控制点的初始位置为P，相邻牙齿a的移动矩阵为M1，相邻牙齿b的移动矩阵为M2，则牙龈控制点的移动公式为：
其中，
依据上述实施例的无托槽隐形牙齿矫治器及其制作方法，由于无托槽隐形牙齿矫治器的下缘具有加强结构，加强结构能够加固矫治器下边缘，加强结构为一段或多段凸起时，可用于防止矫治器的局部脱落和撕裂，加强结构为一段围合成环形的凸起时，加强结构也增强了矫治器的整体矫治力，从而具有加强结构的矫治器也可用于全牙列的扩弓或收弓。本制作方法能够精确的计算制作出具有加强结构的无托槽隐形牙齿矫治器。
图1为实施例一中无托槽隐形牙齿矫治器母模的截面结构示意图；
图2为实施例一中防撕裂加强结构的结构示意图；
图3为实施例一中环形加强结构的结构示意图；
图4为实施例一中加强结构校正过程的前期示意图；
图5为实施例一中加强结构校正过程的中期示意图；
图6为实施例一中加强结构校正过程的后期示意图；
图7为实施例二中无托槽隐形牙齿矫治器制作方法的流程图；
图8为实施例二中制作矫治器母模制作方法的流程图；
图9为实施例二中制作矫治器母模的结构示意图。
下面通过具体实施方式结合附图对本发明作进一步详细说明。
实施例一：
在本实施例中提供了一种无托槽隐形牙齿矫治器，本无托槽隐形牙齿矫治器为，为由高分子透明弹性材料制成的透明牙套，牙套为上端封闭和下端开口的结构。
如图1所示，本实施例的无托槽隐形牙齿矫治器的母模，矫治器由
高分子膜在母模上压制而成，牙套1下端边缘设有加强结构2，加强结构2为呈波浪形曲线的凸起，加强结构2的波浪形结构与牙齿下缘和牙龈的结合部相适配，加强结构2为牙套1下边缘拱起而成，即加强结构2与牙套1为一体式结构，为了方便生产及有利于受力，加强结构2的横截面为半圆形或半椭圆形，弧线外形佩戴也更为舒适。
加强结构2凸起设置成一段或多段及表面高度，加强结构2设置在牙套的一侧或两侧，可根据实际需求设置，例如：
如图2所示，当加强结构2主要用于抗撕裂时，凸起覆盖于侧切牙下缘至第一前磨牙下缘，并位于牙套1的颊侧和舌侧，凸起的表面高度为0.5～1.5mm。
如图3所示，当加强结构2主要用于全牙列的扩弓或收弓时，凸起布满牙套1的下端边缘，围合成一个环形结构，凸起的表面高度为1～2mm。
当加强结构2主要用于防止脱轨是，凸起覆盖于防止脱轨牙齿下缘及相邻两个牙齿的下缘，所述凸起的表面高度为1～1.5mm。
凸起的表面高度具体值可根据多次试验选取优选值。
如图4至图6所示，本实施例的无托槽隐形牙齿矫治器在对牙齿进行校正的过程中，加钱结构2的样条曲线的控制点附着在牙齿及牙龈上，跟随牙齿及牙龈进行移动，从而控制样条曲线的形变，进行逐步校正牙齿，无托槽隐形牙齿矫治器每步移动牙齿0.1～0.3mm，图4至图6为矫治器逐步校正牙齿的前中后三个阶段。
本实施例提供的一种无托槽隐形牙齿矫治器，由于无托槽隐形牙齿矫治器的下缘具有加强结构2，加强结构2能够加固矫治器下边缘，加强结构2为一段或多段凸起时，可用于防止矫治器的局部脱落和撕裂，加强结构2为一段围合成环形的凸起时，加强结构2也增强了矫治器的整体矫治力，从而具有加强结构2的矫治器也可用于全牙列的扩弓或收弓。
实施例二：
本实施例提供了一种无托槽隐形牙齿矫治器的制作方法，本无托槽隐形牙齿矫治器的制作方法主要用于生产实施例一的无托槽隐形牙齿矫治器。
如图7所示，本无托槽隐形牙齿矫治器的制作方法主要包括：
S100：制作矫治器母模；
矫治器母模沿着牙齿的下边缘设有加强结构，加强结构为一段或多段呈波浪形曲线的凸起。或者，加强结构为多段波浪形曲线围合成的环形结构。
S200：制作矫治器。
制好矫治器母模后，将高分子透明牙科膜片通过正压压膜工艺压在矫治器母模上压制成无托槽隐形牙齿矫治器，最好通过机械装置沿齿龈交界线对无托槽隐形牙齿矫治器进行裁剪和打磨，制成无托槽隐形牙齿矫治器成品。
如图8所示，制作矫治器母模的步骤细分为如下步骤(主要包括生产算法)：
S101：参数设定；
参数设定主要包括：设定凸起样条覆盖于牙齿上的范围；
设定凸起样条的位置，位于颊侧和/或舌侧，即可设置在单侧或双侧；
设定凸起样条的表面高度，设置在0.5～2.5mm。
S102：计算控制点初始位置；
计算控制点初始位置包括计算加强边控制点初始位置和牙龈控制点位置；
计算加强边控制点初始位置包括如下步骤：
首先建立牙齿局部坐标系，以牙齿临床牙冠的重心为原点，建立一个正交坐标系，牙齿长轴方向为y轴，其正方向为牙冠方向，牙齿的颊舌方向为z轴，其正方向为颊侧，按照右手定则确定x轴方向；
计算颊侧控制点位置时，取齿龈交界线z＞0,且y坐标最小的点，定义为P1，将P1沿y+方向移动d(d＞10mm)，获得Q1点，将Q1点投影到牙齿表面，得到S1点，即为该牙齿的颊侧控制点初始位置；
计算舌侧控制点位置时，取齿龈交界线z＜0,且y坐标最小的点，定义为P2，将P2沿y-方向移动d(d＞10mm)，获得Q2点，将Q2点投影到牙齿表面，得到S2点，即为该牙齿的舌侧控制点初始位置；
计算牙龈控制点位置包括如下步骤：
根据上述方法计算得出的相邻牙齿a和牙齿b的颊侧控制点初始位置分别为
其连线的中点为C1，将C1投影到牙龈表面，得到R1点，即为颊侧牙龈控制点的初始位置；
并同理计算出相邻两颗牙齿的舌侧牙龈控制点的初始位置T1。
S103：调整控制点位置；
采用三维交互方式，手动的修改控制点的初始位置，将初始位置调整到准确的位置。
S104：动态移动控制点；
无托槽隐形牙齿矫治器是由一系列连续的矫治器组成，这就要求增强结构能够跟随牙齿及牙龈进行移动。动态移动控制点包括牙齿控制点移动和牙龈控制点移动:
牙齿控制点移动公式：牙齿的移动属于刚性体的空间位置变化，因此附着于其上的控制点跟随其移动即可，设牙齿的移动矩阵为M，则牙齿控制点移动公式为：
S′1＝M·S1
牙龈控制点移动公式：牙龈上的控制点位置跟随牙龈移动，属于弹性形变，其形变受相邻两颗牙齿位置的驱动，设牙龈控制点的初始位置为P，相邻牙齿a的移动矩阵为M1，相邻牙齿b的移动矩阵为M2，则牙龈控制点的移动公式为：
其中，
S105：生成加强结构；
采用上述移动后牙齿及牙龈的控制点生成三次B样条曲线，作为加强结构凸起的中心线,沿中心线按照指定的半径的圆或半椭圆进行放样运算，并将两端封闭，生成三维实体结构。
S106：生成3D打印原型文件。
首先按照各牙齿的移动矩阵移动牙齿到相应位置，并采用牙龈变形
算法将牙龈进行形变，生成3D打印原型；
然后按照上述方法，生成加强结构；
采用布尔与运算，将加强结构与3D打印原型合并，生成具有加强结构的3D打印原型文件；
S107：3D打印矫治器母模。
如图9和图1所示，3D打印设备根据具有加强结构的3D打印原型文件打印出具有加强结构的矫治器母模。
在其他实施例中，也可通过手工或软件三维设计制作加强结构，由于没有动态移动控制点，故加强结构的精度略低，制作效率也低。
本实施例提供的无托槽隐形牙齿矫治器的制作方法，通过初始位置和控制点移动的计算得出精确的加强结构，并且通过3D打印，制作矫治器母模的效率高。
以上应用了具体个例对本发明进行阐述，只是用于帮助理解本发明，并不用以限制本发明。对于本发明所属技术领域的技术人员，依据本发明的思想，还可以做出若干简单推演、变形或替换。
Claims (10)
- 一种无托槽隐形牙齿矫治器，为由高分子透明弹性材料制成的牙套，其特征在于，所述牙套的下端边缘设有加强结构，所述加强结构为一段或多段呈波浪形曲线的凸起。
- 如权利要求1所述的无托槽隐形牙齿矫治器，其特征在于，所述凸起的横截面呈半圆形或半椭圆形。
- 如权利要求2所述的无托槽隐形牙齿矫治器，其特征在于，所述凸起由所述牙套下边缘拱起而成。
- 如权利要求3所述的无托槽隐形牙齿矫治器，其特征在于，所述凸起覆盖于侧切牙下缘至第一前磨牙下缘，所述凸起的表面高度为0.5～1.5mm。
- 如权利要求3所述的无托槽隐形牙齿矫治器，其特征在于，所述凸起布满所述牙套的下端边缘，围合成一个环形结构，所述凸起的表面高度为1～2mm。
- 如权利要求3所述的无托槽隐形牙齿矫治器，其特征在于，所述凸起覆盖于防止脱轨牙齿下缘及相邻两个牙齿的下缘，所述凸起的表面高度为1～1.5mm。
- 一种无托槽隐形牙齿矫治器的制作方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：制作下缘具有加强结构的矫治器母模，所述加强结构为一段或多段呈波浪形曲线的凸起；制作矫治器：高分子透明牙科膜片正压在所述矫治器母模上制成具有加强结构的矫治器。
- 如权利要求7所述的无托槽隐形牙齿矫治器的制作方法，其特征在于，制作矫治器母模包括如下步骤：参数设定：设定所述凸起覆盖在牙齿下缘的位置及表面高度；计算控制点初始位置；调整控制点位置：采用三维交互方式，手动的修改控制点的初始位置；动态移动控制点；生成加强结构；生成3D打印原型文件；3D打印矫治器母模。
- 如权利要求8所述的无托槽隐形牙齿矫治器的制作方法，其特征在于，所述计算控制点初始位置包括计算加强边控制点初始位置和牙龈控制点位置；计算加强边控制点初始位置包括如下步骤：首先建立牙齿局部坐标系，以牙齿临床牙冠的重心为原点，建立一个正交坐标系，牙齿长轴方向为y轴，其正方向为牙冠方向，牙齿的颊舌方向为z轴，其正方向为颊侧，按照右手定则确定x轴方向；计算颊侧控制点位置时，取齿龈交界线z>0,且y坐标最小的点，定义为P1，将P1沿y+方向移动d，获得Q1点，将Q1点投影到牙齿表面，得到S1点，S1为该牙齿的颊侧控制点初始位置；计算舌侧控制点位置时，取齿龈交界线z<0,且y坐标最小的点，定义为P2，将P2沿y-方向移动d，获得Q2点，将Q2点投影到牙齿表面，得到S2点，S2为该牙齿的舌侧控制点初始位置；计算牙龈控制点位置包括如下步骤：计算得出的相邻牙齿a和牙齿b的颊侧控制点初始位置分别为
其连线的中点为C1，将C1投影到牙龈表面，得到R1点，R1为颊侧牙龈控制点的初始位置；
并计算出相邻两颗牙齿的舌侧牙龈控制点的初始位置T1。 - 如权利要求9所述的无托槽隐形牙齿矫治器的制作方法，其特征在于，所述动态移动控制点包括牙齿控制点移动和牙龈控制点移动；其中，设牙齿的移动矩阵为M，则牙齿控制点移动公式为：S′1＝M·S1设牙龈控制点的初始位置为P，相邻牙齿a的移动矩阵为M1，相邻牙齿b的移动矩阵为M2，则牙龈控制点的移动公式为：
其中，
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