CN101744841B - 用于治疗炎性疾病的双歧杆菌 - Google Patents
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Abstract
从切下并冲洗过的人的胃肠道分离到的双歧杆菌菌株在由人口服之后具有显著的免疫调节作用。该菌株可用于预防和/或治疗不希望出现的炎性活动,尤其是胃肠道炎性活动例如炎症性肠病或过敏性肠综合征。炎性活动也可以是癌症引起的。
Description
本申请是申请日为2000年1月17日、申请号为00804089.3、发明名称为“用于治疗炎性疾病的双岐杆菌”的发明专利申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及在食品和药品中有各种应用的益生菌双歧杆菌菌株。更具体地说,本发明涉及能够有利地修饰并且结果导致减轻炎性疾病的可观察到的症状的益生菌双歧杆菌菌株。
背景技术
消费者越来越想知道保持其环境,健康和营养所必需要的物质。因此,科学研究已经集中于食物,紧张状态和现代医学实践(例如抗生素和放射治疗)在危害人的健康中所起的作用。特别是,群体动力学向老年社会的变化增加了由缺陷或危害植物区系引起的疾病的发生例如胃肠道(GIT)感染,便秘,过敏的肠道症(IBS),炎症性肠病(IBD)-节段性回肠炎和溃疡的结肠炎,食物过敏,抗生素诱导的腹泻,心血管疾病和某些癌症(例如直肠癌)。
已经将益生菌定义为通过改善胃肠道微生物的平衡而有利地影响宿主的活的微生物食品补剂,或更广泛地定义为活的微生物,在保证固有的基本营养时摄取一定数量的所说微生物对健康产生影响。通常各种微生物,特别是乳杆菌和链球菌的种类的混合物已经用于发酵的日消耗产品中以有利于健康。
近年来,功能食品(以有目的的方式影响身体的功能以便对生理和营养产生有利影响的食品),特别是(嗜酸-双岐)酸奶的商业制造和销售已经从日本适宜的建立的小环境市场扩散到合算的和扩大的欧盟。现在许多来源于人的益生菌的细菌在商业上被开发利用(例如嗜酸乳杆菌LA-1),许多消费者,消费机构和科学委员会的成员怀疑这样的产品并且他们要求公布益生菌。因此日用食品工业在巨大的压力下需要验证这些新的益生菌食品。
已经建立了用于选择潜在的有效的益生菌微生物的标准概括如下:人来源,非病原体行为,对技术处理的抗性(即在释放载体中的存活率和活性),对胃酸性和胆碱性的抗性,胃表皮组织的吸附,形成GIT集落的能力,抗微生物物质的产生,调节免疫应答的能力,影响代谢活性(例如胆固醇同化,乳糖酶活性,维生素的产生)的能力(Huis in′t Veld J,Shortt C.益生菌微生物的选择标准。在Leeds,A.R.Rowland,I.R.版,肠论坛和健康-过去,现在和将来。伦敦:皇家医学协会出版社,1996:19-26)。
双歧杆菌是在形成集落的微生物菌群中存在的几个主要的可培养的细菌之一。
现在还没有完全阐明直肠中内源性双歧杆菌的功能。但是认识到与用配方制剂喂养的婴儿相比只有喂母乳的婴儿降低了腹泻的危险。这些婴儿具有更大量的直肠双歧杆菌的事实部分解释了观察到的对健康的益处,因为大量的非病原体双歧杆菌侵占GIT的可获得的小场所可以帮助阻止细菌的感染。节段性回肠炎的发病据认为与直肠微生物群落有关(Targan,S.和Shanahan,F.炎症性肠病:从实验台到病床,Williams和Wilkins 1994)。近来已经发现患有活性节段性回肠炎的患者其粪便中可回收的双歧杆菌明显低于健康的个体。所观察到的双歧杆菌数量的减少与β-D-半乳糖苷酶的产生和活性的水平的降低直接相关(Favier,C.等人Dig.Dis.Sci.1997,42:817-822)。
β-D-半乳糖苷酶是由双歧杆菌产生的酶。这些结果支持了在其他研究中提出双歧杆菌菌株在维持平衡的健康的肠道微生物菌群中起着重要的作用的建议。
据认为双歧杆菌是益生菌,因为它们是在保证基本营养时被摄取足够量时对健康有影响的活生物体。许多摄取的双歧杆菌必须达到肠道的作用的位点才能发挥益生菌作用。已经建议了每克肠道内含物中约106-107的活的双歧杆菌的基本水平(Bouhnik,Y.,Lait1993:73:241-247)。文献报道显示在成人和婴儿中完成的体内研究表明一些双歧杆菌菌株能够通过胃肠道的传代而存活。在能忍受酸和胆汁盐的不同的双歧杆菌菌株的能力之间已经观察到显著的不同,表明存活是用于选择潜在的益生菌菌株的重要的标准。
双歧杆菌的摄取可以改善胃肠道的运输。
再者,关于人的间接的证据证实通过双歧杆菌发酵消耗的奶导致某些粪便酶例如用于将原致癌物转变为致癌物质的β-D-半乳糖苷酶的水平的减低(Bouhnik Y.等人,欧洲临床营养杂志1996:50:269-273)。当个体摄取由长双歧杆菌和嗜热链球菌发酵的奶时也降低了粪便产生的腐败代谢物例如p-甲酚,吲哚和氨(Takiguchi,R.等人,Bifidus-Flores,Fructus et Semina 1996;9:135-140)。
已经报道了抗微生物活性与双歧杆菌有关。也已经证实了双歧杆菌调节免疫系统的各种参数。
已经报道通过给受试动物喂食乳酸细菌制剂降低了IL-10缺陷的小鼠的粘膜炎症(Madsen,K.等人胃肠道1997;112:A1030)。在大鼠上完成的进一步的研究已经证实除了显著减低肠管癌症的发生和肿瘤存在的数量(singh,J.等人致癌作用1997;18:833-841),摄取双歧杆菌可以抑制在肠道中形成畸变的腺管病灶(早期发生损伤)(kulkarni,N.和Reddy,B.实验生物医学协会年报1994;207:278-283)。
对营养和治疗和一般来说对健康具有特定的、有利的影响的益生菌菌株一直以来都在进行研究。
发明内容
本发明提供了从切下并洗涤过的人的胃肠道分离到的双歧杆菌菌株,在由人口服所述菌株之后具有显著的免疫调节作用。
优选地当导入到包括与免疫系统相互作用的细胞和免疫系统细胞的一个系统时双歧杆菌菌株实现免疫学标记的变化。优选地与免疫系统相互作用的细胞是表皮细胞。优选的是免疫学标记是细胞因子,尤其是TNFα。
在一个优选的实施方案中,与免疫系统相互作用的细胞和免疫系统细胞的来源匹配。
与免疫系统相互作用的细胞是胃肠道,呼吸道或泌尿生殖道来源的。
本发明还提供了从切下交洗涤过的人的胃肠道分离到的在由人口服之后具有显著的免疫调节作用的长婴儿双歧杆菌(Bifidobacterium longum infantis)菌株。
由人口服之后双歧杆菌菌株具有显著的抗炎性作用。
优选的是,从切下并洗涤过的人的胃肠道分离双歧杆菌菌株,所述的胃肠道能够抗击炎症性肠病,在生理浓度的人胆汁和人胃液存在下保持所述的能力。通过测量在几个并发的免疫缺陷受体小鼠(SCID)中诱导的消瘦疾病的逆转测量抗击炎症性肠病的作用的能力,所述的小鼠已经用纯化的CD4+,CD45RBhighT细胞给药。
通过将本发明的一个或多个长婴儿双歧杆菌菌株单独或与唾液乳杆菌菌株结合给药之后,测量IL-10缺陷小鼠(IL-10+129 Svex菌株)中结肠炎症的降低也可以测量长婴儿双歧杆菌菌株抗炎症性肠病的作用的能力。
白细胞介素10(IL-10)是抑制巨噬细胞/单核细胞,T辅助1(Th1)细胞,和天然杀伤细胞的效应子功能的重要调节细胞因子。另外,IL-10扩大了B细胞的增殖和分化。缺失了IL-10基因的鼠模型自发发展为炎症性肠病和胃肠道肿瘤。在这些疾病状态的病理发展过程中已经涉及了胃肠道菌群,因为没有微生物的动物不产生疾病。
优选的是,所述双歧杆菌菌株对广谱革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性细菌具有抑制作用。
优选的是,所述双歧杆菌菌株显示广谱的抗细菌包括链球菌,假单胞菌,大肠杆菌和芽孢杆菌种类的活性。
在特定的方面,本发明提供了长婴儿双歧杆菌菌株UCC35624或其突变体或其变异体。
长婴儿双歧杆菌菌株UCC35624于1999年1月13日保藏于国立工业和海洋细菌保藏有限公司(NCIMB),保藏号为NCIMB 41003。
在一个实施方案中该突变体是经过遗传修饰的突变体。
在一个实施方案中,变异体是长婴儿双歧杆菌菌株UCC35624的天然存在的变异体。
所述双歧杆菌菌株是活细胞形式的。或者双歧杆菌菌株是非活细胞形式的。
本发明还提供了从本发明的双歧杆菌菌株获得的抗微生物制剂,所述试剂是其他生物体的拮抗剂。
在进一步的方面,本发明提供了包括本发明的双歧杆菌菌株的制剂。
该制剂包括两个或多个双歧杆菌菌株。
该制剂进一步包括唾液乳杆菌菌株。
唾液乳杆菌菌株可以是活细胞或非活细胞形式。
唾液乳杆菌菌株优选的是从切下并洗涤过的人的胃肠道分离到,在人口服之后唾液乳杆菌具有显著的免疫调节功能。优选的是唾液乳杆菌菌是从切下并洗涤过的人的胃肠道分离到,所述的胃肠道抑制广谱的革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性微生物。
在优选的实施方案中唾液乳杆菌分泌具有抗微生物活性的产物到无细胞的上清液,所述的活性仅仅是通过生长细胞产生并且由蛋白酶K和链霉蛋白酶E破坏,在生理浓度的人胆汁和人胃液存在下保持了所述菌株和其分泌的产物的抑制作用。
这样的唾液乳杆菌公开于WO98/35014。
理想的是,唾液乳杆菌菌株是唾液乳杆菌菌株UCC118或其突变体或变异体。突变体是遗传修饰的变异体。变异体是天然存在的唾液乳杆菌变异体。
唾液乳杆菌菌株UCC118于1996年11月27日保藏于NCIMB,保藏号为NCIMB 40829。
优选的是,该制剂包括可摄食载体。可摄食载体是药物学可接受的载体例如胶囊,片剂或粉剂。
可摄食载体是食品例如发酵乳,酸乳酪,冻酸乳酪,奶粉,浓缩奶,软质奶酪,布丁或饮料。
该制剂包括蛋白质和/或肽,特别是富含谷氨酸/谷氨酰胺,脂,碳水化合物,维生素,矿物质和/或微量元素的蛋白质和/或肽。
在一个实施方案中双歧杆菌以每克输送系统大于106cfu存在。
在另一个实施方案中,该制剂包括佐剂。
该制剂包括细菌成分。该制剂另外包括药物成分。该制剂也可以包括生物学化合物。
该制剂可以是口服免疫接种形式。
本发明进一步提供了用于食品中的双歧杆菌菌株或其制剂。
在另一个方面,本发明提供了用作为药物的双歧杆菌菌株或其制剂。
所述菌株或制剂可用于预防和/或治疗不希望的炎性活动。
所述菌株或制剂可用于预防和/或治疗不希望的胃肠道炎性活动,例如炎症性肠病例如节段性回肠炎或溃疡性结肠炎,过敏性肠综合症,囊炎(pouchitis)或传染病后结肠炎。
不希望的炎性活动可能是由于癌症引起的。
另外,所述菌株或制剂可用于预防和/或治疗胃肠道癌症。
该菌株或制剂可用于预防癌症。进一步,该菌株或制剂可用于预防和/或治疗全身性疾病例如类风湿关节炎。
该菌株或制剂可用于预防和/或治疗由于不希望的炎性活动产生的自身性紊乱。
该菌株或制剂可用于预防和/或治疗由于不希望的炎性活动产生的腹泻疾病,例如与艰难梭菌相关的腹泻,与轮状病毒相关的腹泻或感染后腹泻。
附图说明
图1是在实施例2中描述的长婴儿双歧杆菌菌株35612的cfu/ml对时间的图;
图2是在实施例2中描述的长婴儿双歧杆菌菌株35624的cfu/ml对时间的图;
图3是对于实施例5中描述的以菌株UCC35612给药的5个SCID小鼠(1-5),重量变化百分数对时间(天)的图;
图4是对于实施例5中描述的以菌株UCC35624给药的5个SCID小鼠(1-5),重量变化百分数对时间(天)的图;
图5是对于实施例5中描述的以唾液乳杆菌菌株UCC118和UCC35612结合给药的小鼠(6-10),重量变化百分数对时间(天)的图;
图6是对于实施例5中描述的以唾液乳杆菌菌株UCC118和UCC35624结合给药的小鼠(6-10),重量变化百分数对时间(天)的图;
图7是对于实施例5中描述的以唾液乳杆菌菌株UCC118和UCC35612结合给药的小鼠(11-15),重量变化百分数对时间(天)的图;
图8是对于实施例5中描述的以唾液乳杆菌菌株UCC118和UCC35624结合给药的小鼠(11-15),重量变化百分数对时间(天)的图;
图9是如实施例7描述的在PBMCs和长婴儿双歧杆菌存在下在患者和对照样品中的TNFα的条状图;
图10是如实施例7描述的显示表皮细胞,PBMCs和长婴儿双歧杆菌的共培养物中TNFα和IL-8水平的条状图。对照代表只有表皮细胞和PBMCs时的共培养物;
图11是如实施例8描述的健康人志愿者(n=18)摄取长婴儿双歧杆菌三周之后外周血细胞因子水平的条状图;
图12是如实施例8描述的健康人志愿者(n=18)摄取长婴儿双歧杆菌菌后血清TNFα和IL-1RA水平的条状图;
图13是如实施例9描述的长婴儿双歧杆菌和MRS对照的无细胞用尽的的培养物上清液中TNFα水平的条状图;
图14是在用长婴儿双歧杆菌治疗之后SCID小鼠下部肠道的示意图。
图15是未治疗的SCID小鼠的下部肠道的示意图。
具体实施方式
我们已经分离了能够有利地修饰和导致减轻可观察到的炎性紊乱的症状的益生菌菌株。这些菌株和由其制备的制剂可用于各种各样的食物和药物以用于抗击炎性紊乱的作用。
利用益生菌菌株实施体内和体外研究。发现进食含有长婴儿双歧杆菌UCC35624的酸奶的人显示全身的IL-8水平显著降低。因此该菌株具有治疗各种炎性紊乱的潜在的应用,特别是如果与现在的抗炎性治疗剂,如非甾醇类抗炎性药物(NSAIDs)或Infliximab结合时。
还检测了摄取了长婴儿双歧杆菌的SCID小鼠。该试验显著减弱了炎性活动,同时摄取长婴儿双歧杆菌的小鼠恢复了固体大便,而对照小鼠患有腹泻。该抗腹泻的作用与本发明的抗炎性活动有关,可能由cAMP调节介导的。
还未知是否需要完整的细菌发挥抗炎性作用或是否可以单独使用本发明的各个活性成分。已经鉴别了某些细菌菌株的促炎成分。由脂多糖(LPS)介导革兰氏阴性细菌的促炎作用。单独的LPS诱导了促炎网,部分地是由于结合到单核细胞的CD14受体的LPS。推测益生菌细菌的成分由于整个细胞的作用具有抗炎性作用。在这些成分的分离时引入了药品级操作。
长婴儿双歧杆菌UCC35624的一般使用是活细胞形式。但是,也可以延伸到非活细胞例如含有由长婴儿双歧杆菌UCC35624表达的有用因子的灭活培养物或组合物。这包括热灭活的微生物或通过接触改变的pH或加压而灭活的微生物。由于非活细胞产品制剂更简单,易于将细胞掺入到药物,其储存条件比活细胞更不受限制。酪蛋白乳杆菌YIT9018提供了将热灭活的细胞用于治疗和/或阻止肿瘤生长的方法的有效应用的实例,如在美国专利US4347240中描述的。
根据下面的实施例将更清楚地了解本发明。
实施例1
益生菌细菌的分离
在重建性的手术过程中获得的人G.I.T.的阑尾以及大肠和小肠切片用于筛选益生菌菌株,如表1所示。
表1
用于筛选益生菌存在的胃肠道组织样品
在手术之后立即将所有的样品储存在-80℃的无菌容器。将冷冻组织解冻,称重和置于胱氨酸化的1/4强度的林格斯溶液。缓慢地振荡各个样品以便去除松散地吸附的微生物(称为洗涤“W”)。在转移到第二个体积的林格斯溶液之后,将样品涡旋7分钟以去除紧密吸附的细菌(称为样品“S”)。为了分离组织包埋的细菌,样品A,B和C也在Braum搅拌机中匀浆化(称为匀浆物“H”)。将该溶液连续稀释(来自于洗涤样品的10-1稀释液称为W1,10-2稀释液标记为W2,相同标记系统用于“S”和“H”样品)并且(100微升)涂布在下面的琼脂培养基上:RCM(加强的梭菌培养基)和用乙酸调到pH5.5的RCM;TPY(胰蛋白酶,胨和酵母提取物),Chevalier,P等人(1990),应用细菌杂志68,619-624),MRS(de Mann,Rogosa和Sharpe);ROG(Rogosa的乙酸盐培养基(SL));LLA(Lapiere的肝脏乳糖琼脂);BHI(脑心灌注琼脂);LBS(乳杆菌选择性琼脂)和TSAYE(补充了0.6%酵母提取物的胰胨黄豆琼脂)。所有的琼脂培养基均由Oxoid化学试剂公司提供,除了TPY琼脂。利用产生CO2的试剂盒(Anaerocult A,Merck)将平皿在厌氧罐(BBL,Oxoid)中37℃培养2-5天。
将革兰氏阳性,过氧化氢酶阴性的杆状或分叉状的/多形的细菌分离物在完全的非选择性培养基(TPY)上划线培养以进行纯化。除非另有说明,将分离物在TPY培养基上,37℃,厌氧条件下常规培养。将推定的双歧杆菌储存于40%的甘油并且储存于-20℃和-80℃。
发酵终产物的分析
利用LKB Bromma,aminex HPX-87H高效液相层析(HPLC)柱检测碳水化合物葡萄糖和随后的有机酸终产物的代谢。将该柱保持在60℃,流速为0.6ml/分钟(常压)。所使用的HPLC缓冲液是0.01N硫酸。在分析之前,利用10mM柠檬酸盐,10mM葡萄糖,20mM乳酸盐和10mM乙酸盐作为标准校正该柱。将培养物在修饰的MRS肉汤中37℃,厌氧繁殖1-2天。在14000g离心10分钟之后,用HPLC缓冲液以1∶5稀释上清液。以HPLC分析200微升。所有的上清液设置2个重复进行分析。
生化和生理特性
测定细菌分离物的生化和生理特性以帮助鉴定。分析了硝酸盐的还原,吲哚的形成和β-半乳糖苷酶活性的表达。测定15℃和45℃时的生长和明胶上的蛋白酶活性。还评价了石蕊牛奶中的菌株的生长特性。
抗生素敏感性分析
利用“盘(disc)敏感性”分析测定分离物的抗生素敏感性状况。在合适的肉汤培养基中将培养物生长24-48小时,涂布(100微升)在琼脂培养上,将含有已知浓度的抗生素的盘置于琼脂上。在厌氧条件下,37℃检测菌株对抗生素的敏感性1-2天。如果看到1毫米或更大的抑制圈认为该菌株是敏感。
双歧杆菌菌种的分离
筛选来自于人G.I.T.的7个组织切片中属于双歧杆菌属的菌株的存在。组织样品之间有如下所述一些差异。样品A(回肠)和E(阑尾)具有最低计数,每克组织分离了约102个细胞。比较而言,从其他样品回收了大于103cfu/克组织的细菌。在“洗涤”和“样品”步骤过程中分离到类似量的细菌,在F(回肠)和G(回肠-盲肠)的“样品”溶液中计数稍微高一些。在筛选的紧密吸附的细菌(匀浆化)中,C(回肠-盲肠)是获得显著计数的唯一的组织切片。
在筛选一些组织切片例如C和B过程中,在系列稀释过程中获得的计数之间没有直接的关系。这说明血液或组织衍生的一些生长因子在起始悬浮液中为难养细菌提供生长,随后被稀释掉。
菌株的选择和定性
从样品中分离了约1500个过氧化氢酶阴性的细菌分离物并且根据其革兰氏反应,细胞大小和形态学,在15℃和45℃生长和从葡萄糖发酵获得的终产物进行定性。所测试的分离物中大于60%是革兰氏阳性,以四个,链状或串排列的同型发酵球菌。18%的分离物是革兰氏阴性杆状和异型发酵球杆菌。
其余的分离物(22%)是优势的同型发酵的球杆菌。对38个菌株进行更详细的定性-来自于G的13个分离物;来自于F的4个分离物,来自于D的8个分离物,来自于C的9个分离物,来自于B的3个分离物,来自于E的1个分离物。测试的38个分离物其硝酸盐还原和从色氨酸产生吲哚都是阴性。
抗生素敏感性概况
将人临床使用的重要的抗生素用于检测选定的双歧杆菌的敏感性概况。所测试的双歧杆菌对氨苄青霉素,阿莫西林,头孢噻肟(ceftaxime),头孢曲松(ceftriaxone),环丙沙星(ciprofloxacin),头孢拉定,利福霉素,丁胺卡那霉素,庆大霉素和氯霉素敏感。它们对奈替米星,甲氧苄啶,萘啶酸(nalidixic acid),头孢呋辛(cefuroxime),万古霉素和四环素有抗性。
实施例2
抗酸性
人摄取之后微生物达到的胃部宿主防御系统的第一条线是胃酸。影响细菌的关键因子是在胃液中存活。检测长婴儿双歧杆菌菌株35612和35624在低pH值环境中的存活率和生长。按照常规方法在胰蛋白酶-胨-酵母提取物(TPY)培养基,37℃,严格厌氧条件下(利用Merck Anaerocult A gas pak系统的BBL气体罐)培养12-24小时。用经鼻胃管(Mercy医院,Cork,爱尔兰)吸移从健康的个体获得人的胃液。立即以13000g离心30分钟以除去所有的固体颗粒,通过0.45微米滤膜和0.2微米的滤膜过滤灭菌并且存储在4℃。在实验使用之前检测pH和胃蛋白酶活性。利用定量的血红蛋白测试检测胃蛋白酶活性(Guantam,S.和R.S.de la Motte.1989,蛋白酶实用方法,第3章,R.J.Beynon和J.S.Bond,IRL出版社,牛津大学出版社;Dawson,R.M.1969,pH和缓冲液,生化研究资料,第138页,R.M.Dawson,D.C.Elliot和K.M.Jones,Clarendon出版社,牛津大学)。利用下面的测试方法调查菌株在体外低pH时的存活率:
(a)从新鲜的培养过夜的培养物收集细胞,在磷酸盐缓冲液(pH6.5)中洗涤2次,重新悬浮于(用1N盐酸)调到pH3.5,3.0,2.5和2.0的MRS肉汤至终浓度为约106cfu/ml。将细胞在37℃培养并且利用平板计数方法以5,30,60和120分钟的间隔测量存活率。
在pH3.5菌株存活,没有失去活性。在pH2.5在60分钟培养过程降低了3个log,如图1和2。
在胃液中双歧杆菌菌株的存活率
收集新鲜的培养过夜的培养物,在缓冲液(pH6.5)中洗涤2次,重新悬浮于人胃液至终浓度为约106cfu/ml。在37℃培养30-60分钟检测存活率并且利用pH1.2(未调节)和pH2.0和2.5(用1N氢氧化钠调节)胃液进行试验。
当与pH1.2的胃液比较时pH2.0的胃液中菌株存活率增加。在30分钟保温之后在任一pH没有回收到活细胞,如表2所示。
表2
人胃液中双歧杆菌的存活性*
*以log10cfu/ml表示的存活性
实施例3
对胆汁的抗性
在评价以乳酸细菌作为胃肠道的有益成员的效果时,认为对胆汁酸的抗性是在该有害环境中存活所需的重要的生物学菌株特性,并且另外它们不能通过产生毒性化合物例如脱氧胆酸(DCA)和石胆酸(LCA)侵害宿主的健康,这些化合物在许多细胞毒性现象中发现。
将长婴儿双歧杆菌菌株在补充了浓度为0.3,0.5,1.0,1.5,5.0,和7.5%(w/v)的猪胆汁(B-8631,Sigma化学制剂有限公司,Poole)的TPY琼脂平板上划线(Legrand-Defretin,R.等人,脂类1991;26(8),578-583)。就胆汁盐/胆固醇和磷脂/胆固醇比例而言猪胆汁的组分最接近人胆汁。在厌氧条件下,37℃将该平板培养并且在24-48小时之后记录生长。发现菌株35624对胆汁有强烈的抗性且在胆汁高达55时仍生长至汇合,如表3所示。
表3
在猪胆汁存在下双歧杆菌分离物的生长
-:没有生长;+:汇合生长
从几个人的胆囊获得人胆汁,在80℃灭菌10分钟。根据Dekker,R.R等人,层析,1991,31(11/12),255-256的方法利用反相高效液相层析(HPLC)与脉冲安培计结合测定人胆汁的胆酸组分。加入0.3%(v/v)浓度的人胆汁。24和48小时之后检查新鲜的划线培养的培养物的生长。
菌株35624能够在生理相关的人胆汁存在下(0.3%(v/v))生长。
在各种缀合的和脱缀合的胆酸存在下检查菌株的生长。在生理条件下经常发现胆酸为钠盐。在含有下面各种胆酸的缀合的和脱缀合的钠盐的TPY琼脂中筛选生长的菌株。
(a)缀合形式:甘氨胆酸(GCA);甘氨脱氧胆酸(GDCA);和甘氨鹅脱氧胆酸(GCDCA);
(b)脱缀合形式:石胆酸(LCA);鹅脱氧胆酸(GDCA);脱氧胆酸(DCA);和胆酸(CA)。对于每一胆酸使用了1,3和4mM的浓度。在24和48小时厌氧培养之后记录生长。
研究了5个菌株在补充了5mMGCA和GCDCA的琼脂培养基上和在补充了1mMGDCA的琼脂培养基上的生长,显示于表4。菌株35624对浓度5mM LCA(数据未显示)有抗性,菌株35612能够在浓度5mM CA生长,显示于表5。在1mMCDCA存在下没有观察到生长(数据未显示)。
表4
在甘氨酸缀合的胆汁存在下双歧杆菌分离物的生长
-,无生长;+汇合生长
GCDCA,甘氨鹅脱氧胆酸;GDCA,甘氨脱氧胆酸;GCA,甘氨胆酸
表5
在未缀合胆酸(CA)存在下双歧杆菌分离物的生长
-,没有生长;+,汇合生长
实施例4
抗微生物活性
通过排除由入侵性病原体形成长期菌落双歧杆菌种类对其他细菌具有抑制作用。这样的拮抗活性是由于在发酵过程中产生乙酸和乳酸(Scardovi,V,(1986),系统分类细菌学的贝杰氏手册的双歧杆菌,第2卷,Sheath,P.H.,Main,N.S.,Sharpe,M和Holdt,J.G.,Williams和Wilkins出版社,Baltimore M.D.,p1418)。关于除了酸以外的抗微生物化合物的产生的报道非常少(Anand,S.K.等人,发酵乳制品1985;J.2,21-23)。细菌素和其他化合物可以影响细菌在生态学的环境中的细菌的存活并且允许它们有效地在发酵生态系统中占优势。这样的特点对于益生菌菌株是良好的特性。
采用Tagg等人的方法(Tagg.J.R.等人细菌学综述1976;40,722-756)测定各种双歧杆菌菌株的抑制谱。分析无细胞上清液对广谱革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性微生物的抑制活性。在琼脂平板上制备各种指示剂的覆盖层,使其干燥。将无细胞上清液的斑点(5毫升)置于播种的平板上,使其干燥,将平板培养过夜。
在TPY培养基上测试时观测到所述菌株对各种各样的链球菌,假单胞菌,大肠杆菌,芽孢杆菌种类有抑制作用。抗假单胞菌和链球菌的抑菌圈高达4.4毫米,芽孢杆菌周围的抑菌圈高达7.0毫米,如表6和7显示的。但是,当在缓冲的TPY培养基上进行延期测试时,没有观测到抗指示菌株的抑菌圈。因此,抑制作用似乎是仅由于存在双歧杆菌产生的酸所致。
表6
在未缓冲的培养基上双歧杆菌对链球菌菌株的抑制作用*
*所给出的值是抑菌圈的半径,以毫米表示(产生者菌落的边缘到抑菌圈边缘的距离)
表7
在未缓冲的培养基上双歧杆菌对假单胞菌和芽孢杆菌菌株的抑制作用*
*所给出的值是抑菌圈的半径,以毫米表示(产生者菌落的边缘到抑菌圈边缘的距离)
实施例5
进行小鼠喂养试验以调查唾液乳杆菌唾液亚种UCC118和长婴
儿双歧杆菌35624减轻炎症性肠病(IBD)症状的能力
背景
近来通过遗传工程或免疫手段产生了许多小鼠模型以研究IBD的机理。这些模型之一涉及从正常小鼠转移脾脏或淋巴结衍生的CD4+T淋巴细胞到严重联合免疫缺陷受体小鼠(SCID)。已经证实接受了纯化的CD4+,CD45RBhigh T细胞的小鼠发展为特征是慢性肠道炎症的消瘦疾病,而这种症状在结肠中更严重。在该研究中,用CD4+CD45RBhigh注射对照组SCID,小鼠发展为渐进性消瘦疾病包括显示出弯腰驼背,外皮竖毛,腹泻,体重下降和肉眼及显微镜下结肠损伤。建立了喂养试验,以UCC118和菌株35624(也称之为UCC35624)喂食以测定是否该模型的IBD的症状被改变。
细菌菌株
从成年人的回肠-盲肠区区域分离唾液乳杆菌唾液亚种UCC118和长婴儿双歧杆菌35624,如实施例1所述。在本实施例中通过将预先生长过夜并随后在1/4强度的林格氏溶液洗涤后的细胞,在分别含有50微克/毫升利福平(Sigma)的MRS和TPY琼脂和含有400微克/毫升链霉素(Sigma)的MRS上进行平板培养产生了菌株的自发利福平和链霉素抗性衍生菌。将平板在37℃厌氧培养2天。测定获得的抗生素抗性衍生菌,其表型类似于亲本菌株。该可选择的特性使得菌株在肠转移之后易于计数。
动物和饲养
供体小鼠(C57BL/6×BALB/C)F1是从Simosen实验室购买(Gilroy,CA)并在加利福尼亚大学-洛杉矶动物园通风笼架(Thoren笼系统,Hazelton,PA)中在无特异性病原体(SPF)条件下饲养。CB-17 SCID小鼠在通风笼架中养育,最初是从加利福尼亚大学-洛杉矶SCID设备中心获得。这些小鼠是菌群降低(RF)小鼠而不是无菌小鼠并作为受体小鼠(Aranda R等人,免疫学杂志1997;158(7),3464-3473)。
将8周龄大的雌性CB-17(SCID)小鼠成对圈养于通风笼架的顶部过滤笼。将小鼠分为4个组,组A:摄取10%的脱脂奶,对照;组B:摄取唾液乳杆菌UCC118,组C:摄取唾液乳杆菌UCC118和长婴儿双歧杆菌UCC35624(1∶1比例);组D:摄取长婴儿双歧杆菌UCC35624。UCC118和UCC35624分别在MRS肉汤和补充了0.05%胱氨酸(Sigma)的MRS肉汤中生长过夜,在PBS中洗涤,重新悬浮于脱脂奶(10%(v/v))并在无其他的菌的饮用水(PBS)中给予。各个相应组的小鼠每天接受2.55×108cfu/毫升的UCC118和2.35×108cfu/毫升的UCC35624以持续喂养期。对照小鼠接受在无菌磷酸盐缓冲盐水(PBS)中稀释的无菌牛奶,在如测试组相同的条件下养育。
试验设计
根据分组将各自的饲料提供给所有CB-17小鼠2天,然后用CD4+CD45RBhigh高细胞注射。将分选的供体淋巴细胞(3-4×105)重新悬浮于200微升的无菌PBS并且腹膜内注射到受体CB-17SCID小鼠。开始时所有的小鼠称重,然后每周称2次。观测到临床发病信号:弯腰驼背,外皮竖毛,腹泻。
给药的益生菌对来自于小鼠粪便的固有细菌数量的影响的评估
当UCC118和UCC35624单独给药或相互结合给药后调查对CB-17SCID小鼠肠道的微生物区系的影响。每周对各个小鼠搜集粪便样品,称重和重新悬浮于10毫升PBS。然后在PBS中连续稀释样品,在合适稀释度将其倾倒到或涂覆到合适的培养基平板上,设置2个重复。计数下列细菌组:乳杆菌;双歧杆菌;肠球菌;拟杆菌和大肠菌。所使用的选择性培养基是:de Mann,Rogosa和Sharpe(MRS)琼脂;补充了0.2%氯化锂(BDH),5%丙酸钠(Fluke化学试剂公司),0.5%盐酸胱氨酸(Sigma)和5%羊血的MRS琼脂,Slanetz和Bartley琼脂;补充了厌氧补充剂SR108和5%马血的Wilkins和Chalgren琼脂;Violet红胆汁琼脂。(所有均是Oxoid产品,除非另有说明)。分别将VRBA和Slanetz和Bartley平板厌氧条件下培养24和45小时。所有其他平板在37℃厌氧条件下培养48小时。
来自于CB17SCID小鼠G.I.T.的特异性节段的可培养的固有菌群
的计数
在喂养期之后,杀死所有的小鼠并且解剖。取出回肠-盲肠区区域,小肠,大肠。也取出外周淋巴结(PLN),肠系膜的淋巴结(MLN)和一片脾脏。将所有组织称重,然后重新悬浮于10毫升的PBS。然后将样品匀浆化并且在PBS中连续稀释并且在合适的稀释度将其涂覆或倾倒在合适的培养基平板上,设置2个重复。计数的细菌组类似于在粪便样品分析的细菌组,如前所述培养样品。
上皮内和固有层淋巴细胞的制备
根据Aranada,R等人((1997),见上文)的方法进行粘膜淋巴细胞的分离。
淋巴细胞群体的流式细胞计数分析
根据Aranada,R等人((1997),见上文)进行分析。
从小肠,大肠,和回肠-盲肠区域获取组织样品并且固定于10%福尔马林。根据Aranada,R等人((1997),见上文)进行分析。
从该试验观测到,与以前结果一致,用CD4+CD45RBhigh T淋巴细胞复原的和只摄取了脱脂奶的(对照组)SCID小鼠发展为由其体重显著下降代表的渐进性消瘦疾病。在约2周半和3周时该疾病变得明显,并且病鼠的特征为显示出弯腰驼背,外皮竖毛,松散粪便。在25天之后对照组的一个小鼠(小鼠4)死亡,小鼠1,2,3和5显示体重变化分别为-20%,25%,21%和-35%,如图3和4描述的。
仅仅摄取UCC 118的CB-17SCID的小鼠获得的结果类似于对照,具有特征性的体重的损失。14天之后小鼠3死亡,小鼠4,5和6分别显示-15%,-25%和-28%的重量变化(数据未显示)。发现进食UCC118和UCC35624的结合物的小鼠与对照相比具有明显的改进。在喂食期间这些小鼠损失的重量不象对照小鼠那样高。甚至在35天之后该组的三个小鼠显示体重几乎没有变化。(图5和6)。该组的2个小鼠仅仅在约30天之后显示体重损失,而对照小鼠在14天时显示体重损失(图3和4)。
只进食UCC35624的小鼠显示良好的健康状态,当与对照相比时体重损失相当小(图7和8)。因此可以总结出仅仅进食UCC35624或与UCC118结合进食减轻了炎症性肠病症状。
表8是用UCC118和UCC35624混合治疗CD45RB结肠炎诱导的CB17和SCID小鼠的研究的实验数据概述。
在该研究中已经发现用淋巴细胞成功地复原了小鼠,淋巴细胞来自于供体模型(数据未显示)。
表8
用唾液乳杆菌UCC118和双歧杆菌混合治疗CD45RB结肠炎诱导的CB 17 SCID小鼠
A:炎症渗滤的程度;B:粘膜蛋白的损失;C:表皮增生;D:小囊的TEL数;E:每个高倍视野炎性位点数
实施例7
体外研究检测长婴儿双歧杆菌的免疫感受
用来自于健康自愿者(n=9)和患有炎症性肠病的人(n=5)外周血液单核细胞(PBMCs)培养双歧杆菌的洗涤的过夜培养物。采用ELISA在72小时培养上清液中测量促炎细胞因子肿瘤坏死因子α(TNFα)的产生。将人PBMCs与长婴儿双歧杆菌共培养没有导致刺激TNFα的产生(图9)。因此,全身免疫系统与该细菌的接触诱导炎性应答。
为了评价粘膜表面的长婴儿双歧杆菌的免疫感受,在transwell腔室进行表皮细胞与PBMCs的共培养。简单地说,在上部腔室生长表皮细胞单层,在下部腔室培养PBMCs。它们是由多孔的膜分隔的,该膜允许可溶性介质在两个腔室之间传递,但是不允许细胞-细胞接触。利用该模型,在PBMC腔室中在有和没有长婴儿双歧杆菌时测量TNFα和白细胞介素-8(IL-8)的产生。表皮细胞,PBMCs和长婴儿双歧杆菌的共培养导致显著抑制TNFα和白细胞介素-8(IL-8)的产生(图10)。因此,涉及表皮细胞,PBMCs和长婴儿双歧杆菌的三细胞网络导致促炎细胞因子的产生的抑制。
实施例8
长婴儿双歧杆菌的体内抗炎性活性
由18个健康人进食发酵的奶(酸奶)产品形式的长婴儿双歧杆菌(1×109细胞/天)三个星期。在益生菌菌株进食之前和之后收集血清进行细胞因子分析。获得粪便样品进行微生物分析。
在该喂食研究中观察到外周血液细胞因子水平的大的改变。在进食益生菌菌株之后血清可溶性白细胞介素-6受体(sIL-6R,p=0.007),干扰素-γ(IFNγ,p=0.041)和IL-8(p=0.004)水平显著降低(图11)。没有观察到血清TNFα和白细胞介素-1(IL-1)受体拮抗剂(IL-1RA)水平变化(图12)。在喂食研究过程中检测到长婴儿双歧杆菌约1×105菌落形成单位/克粪便。
反映GI环境的复杂相互作用的定向体外选择标准使得能识别在重新导入到该环境中时能有效发挥功能的益生菌菌株。利用上面概述的选择性标准,可证实益生菌长婴儿双歧杆菌具有体外免疫调节特性。在SCID小鼠和人自愿者进食之后,注意到全身免疫参数的显著改进。因此,长婴儿双歧杆菌可用作为治疗免疫介导的疾病的生物治疗剂具有了根据。
实施例9
在无长婴儿双歧杆菌UCC35624细胞的上清液中测量TNFα
将长婴儿双歧杆菌的过夜培养物离心并且检测无细胞上清液中细胞因子抑制剂的存在。在37℃将人TNFα与该无细胞上清液保温20分钟。之后采用ELISA定量测定TNFα水平。在与双歧杆菌上清液接触之后,TNFα水平显著降低(图13)。因此长婴儿双歧杆菌UCC35624分泌拮抗TNFα活性的因子。长婴儿双歧杆菌在胃肠道表面体内产生该因子显著限制了宿主的炎性应答。
这表明由于由UCC35624释放的可溶性因子,TNFα的拮抗作用也以分子水平出现。
炎症
术语炎症用于描述在长期物理损害,感染或有正在产生的免疫系统应答的位点,液体,血浆蛋白质和白血细胞的局部积累。炎性应答的控制以各种水平发挥作用(参见Henderson B.,和WilsonM.1998的综述,健康和疾病中细菌-细胞因子的相互作用,波兰出版社,79-130)。控制因子包括细胞因子,激素(例如皮质甾醇),前列腺素,反应性中间体和白三烯。细胞因子是低分子量的生物学活性蛋白质,该蛋白质参与免疫和炎性应答的产生和控制,而也调节发育,组织修复和造血。它们提供了白细胞本身之间和其它细胞类型之间的通讯手段。大多数细胞因子是多效性,并且表达多个生物学重叠活性。细胞因子级联和网络而不是特定的细胞因子对特定的细胞类型的作用控制炎性应答(Arai KI等人,生物化学的年度综述1990;59:783-836)。炎性应答的无力导致合适的激活信号和其它炎性介质浓度降低,导致炎性应答停止。TNFα是关键的促炎细胞因子,因为它起始细胞因子和生物学作用的级联,导致产生炎性状态。因此,抑制TNFα的试剂现在可用于治疗炎性疾病,例如infliximab。
促炎细胞因子被认为在许多炎性疾病,包括炎症性肠病(IBD)的发病过程中起主要作用。目前的用于治疗IBD的治疗剂目的在于降低这些促炎细胞因子,包括IL-8和TNFα的水平。已经有人建议这样的治疗剂也可以在治疗全身炎性疾病例如类风湿关节炎起重要作用。进食含有长婴儿双歧杆菌UCC35624的酸奶的人已经显示其全身性IL-8水平降低。因此该菌株在治疗各种各样的炎性疾病中具有潜在的应用,特别是如果与现在的抗炎性治疗剂结合使用,例如非甾类抗炎性药物(NSAIDs)或infliximab。
腹泻疾病
在神经(乙酰胆碱)和免疫(组氨酸)介导的分泌过程中肠道上皮细胞的屏障功能可被消除。某些细菌毒素也可诱导钙离子和PKC依赖性分泌,从而可干扰上皮细胞的屏障(Ganguly NK和Kaur T.印度医学研究杂志1996;104:28-37,Groot JA.Vet Q 1988;20(S3):45-9)。几个研究已经检测了利用益生菌细菌预防和治疗腹泻。前瞻性研究已经证明对早产儿,新生儿,儿童给予乳酸细菌在抗腹泻的预防和治疗(Isolauri E.等人Dig Dis Sci 1994 12月;39(12):2595-600)和在治疗抗生素相关的腹泻(Siitonen S等人,医学年报1990 2月;22(1):57-9)和旅行者的腹泻(Oksanen PJ,等人,医学年报1990 2月;22(1):53-6)中的效力。
我们已经检测了由SCID小鼠进食长婴儿双歧杆菌UCC35624。发现炎性活动明显减轻并且进食长婴儿双歧杆菌UCC35624的小鼠恢复了固体粪便,而对照小鼠患有腹泻。图14和15显示治疗和未治疗的SCIC小鼠的下肠道。所显示的下肠道包括盲肠2,肠道3和肛门5。图14中用长婴儿双歧杆菌UCC35624治疗小鼠,在肠道中已经恢复了固体粪便4。与图15比较显示未治疗的小鼠肠道3具有特征性的发炎。没有出现水分的吸收,以致于没有恢复固体粪便而导致腹泻。
观察到的抗腹泻作用与抗炎活性,可能是借助于cAMP调节的介导。环化的AMP依赖性C1分泌是人肠中主要的分泌途径(BrzuszczakIM,等人,胃肠道造血的杂志1996;11(9):804-10)。长婴儿双歧杆菌UCC35624的抗腹泻作用不仅仅限于产生胃肠道炎症的腹泻,也可用于一般治疗腹泻疾病。
自身免疫疾病
免疫系统具有由B和T细胞表达的巨大的特异性组成成分。这些特异性成分中的一些是指自我成分。自我识别通常受自我反应性淋巴细胞的克隆缺失和失活的控制。但是存在自体免疫性的不变背景抗血清中存在许多蛋白质的抗体。自我-非自我识别系统的破坏导致自身免疫性。当出现自身免疫疾病时,获得的免疫应答损坏携带攻击抗原的组织。免疫复合物沉积,II型超敏感性和细胞介导的反应是出现免疫病理学损毁的最重要的机理。自体免疫疾病的例子包括,但不限于全身性的红斑狼疮,类风湿关节炎,胰岛素依赖型糖尿病,肌无力和恶性的贫血。长婴儿双歧杆菌和唾液乳杆菌唾液亚种是免疫调节细菌。因此,由患有自体免疫疾病的患者进食单一成分或与这些细菌结合可以限制器官损毁和帮助恢复正常身体体内平衡。
炎症和癌症
对于广谱的肿瘤类型产生多个功能性的细胞因子显示癌症患者中进行显著的炎性应答。这种应答抵抗体内肿瘤细胞的生长和发育的保护性作用目前还不清楚。但是,这些炎性应答有害地影响携带肿瘤的宿主。复杂的细胞因子的相互作用参与肿瘤和正常组织内调节细胞因子的产生和细胞增殖(McGee DW等人,免疫学1995;9月;86(1):6-11,Wu S,等人,Gynecol Oncol 1994,4月;53(1):59-63)。长期以来认识到重量损失(恶病质)是癌症患者死亡的单一的最普遍的原因(Inagaki J,等人,癌症1974 2月;33(2):568-73)和起始营养不良指示不良的预后(Van Eys营养综述杂志1982 12月;40(12):353-9)。为了肿瘤生长和扩散,它必须诱导新的血管的形成和降解细胞外基质。炎性应答可能在上述机理中起重要的作用,因此导致宿主衰退和肿瘤增大。由于这些细菌菌株的抗炎性特性,它们可能诱导恶性细胞转化的比例。此外,肠道细菌可以从可食用的化合物,产生具有基因毒性,致癌作用和肿瘤促进活性的物质,肠道细菌可以激活原致癌物为DNA反应剂(Rowland I.R.(1995))。肠道的毒性:肠道微生物菌群的作用。Gibson G.R.人的肠道细菌:在营养,生理学和病理学中的作用,第155-174页,Bocaraton CRC出版社)。一般地说,与在肠道内其他群体例如类细菌,真细菌和梭菌相比双歧杆菌和乳杆菌具有低活性的异生素代谢酶(saito Y.等人,微生物生态健康1992;5,105-110)。因此,在肠道内乳酸细菌数量增加有利于修饰这些酶的水平。
益生素
通过进食合适的载体中的微生物完成益生菌生物体的导入。提供促进这些益生菌在大肠中生长的培养基是有利的。加入一种或多种寡聚糖,多糖或其他益生素加强乳酸细菌在胃肠道中生长(Gibson,GR,英国营养杂志1998;80(4):S209-12)。益生素是指任何非活性的食物成分,它们经被认为是正值的固有的细菌例如双歧杆菌、乳杆菌,在肠道中特异性发酵。益生素的类型可包括含有果糖,木糖,大豆,半乳糖,葡萄糖和甘露糖的那些。益生菌菌株和一种或多种益生素化合物结合施用可以加强所施用的益生菌的体内生长,导致更深远的健康利益,并且称之为synbiotic。
其他活性成分
应理解的是双歧杆菌可以用于预防给药或其本身或与如上所述其他益生菌和/或益生素物质结合作为治疗的方法。另外,细菌可用作为利用其他活性物质例如用于治疗炎症或其他紊乱尤其是胃肠道紊乱的预防或治疗方式的一部分。这样的结合剂可以以单一制剂或作为在相同或不同时间给药以及利用相同或不同给药途径的独立配方给药。
本发明不限于前面描述的实施方案,其详细情况可以变化的。
Claims (17)
1.以保藏号NCIMB 41003保藏于NCIMB的双歧杆菌菌株UCC35624或包含双歧杆菌菌株UCC35624的制剂在制备用于预防和/或治疗类风湿关节炎的药物中的用途。
2.以保藏号NCIMB 41003保藏于NCIMB的双歧杆菌菌株UCC35624或包含双歧杆菌菌株UCC35624的制剂在制备用于预防和/或治疗由于不希望的炎性活动产生的自体免疫疾病的药物中的用途。
3.以保藏号NCIMB 41003保藏于NCIMB的双歧杆菌菌株UCC35624或包含双歧杆菌菌株UCC35624的制剂在制备用于预防和/或治疗由于不希望的炎性活动产生的癌症的药物中的用途。
4.以保藏号NCIMB 41003保藏于NCIMB的双歧杆菌菌株UCC35624或包含双歧杆菌菌株UCC35624的制剂在制备用于预防和/或治疗由于不希望的炎性活动产生的腹泻疾病的药物中的用途。
5.如权利要求4的用途,其中所述腹泻疾病是与艰难梭菌(Clostridium difficile)相关的腹泻,与轮状病毒相关的腹泻或感染后腹泻。
6.如权利要求1-5中任一项的用途,其中所述双歧杆菌菌株是活细胞形式的。
7.如权利要求1-5中任一项的用途,其中所述双歧杆菌菌株是非活细胞形式的。
8.如权利要求1-7中任一项的用途,其中所述制剂包括可摄食的载体。
9.如权利要求8的用途,其中所述可摄食的载体是药物学可接受的载体。
10.如权利要求9的用途,其中所述药物学可接受的载体是胶囊、片剂或粉剂。
11.如权利要求10的用途,其中所述可摄食的载体是食品。
12.如权利要求11的用途,其中所述食品是发酵乳、酸乳酪、冻酸乳酪、奶粉、浓缩奶、软质奶酪、布丁或饮料。
13.如权利要求8-12中任一项的用途,其中所述双歧杆菌以每克输送系统大于106cfu存在。
14.如权利要求1-13中任一项的用途,其中所述制剂包含唾液乳杆菌(Lactobacillus salivarius)菌株。
15.如权利要求14的用途,其中所述唾液乳杆菌菌株是活细胞形式的。
16.如权利要求14的用途,其中所述唾液乳杆菌菌株是非活细胞形式的。
17.如权利要求14-16中任一项的用途,其中所述唾液乳杆菌菌株是以保藏号NCIMB 40829保藏于NCIMB的唾液乳杆菌菌株UCC118。
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