CN101208123B - 振动系统和方法 - Google Patents

振动系统和方法 Download PDF

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CN101208123B
CN101208123B CN2006800196665A CN200680019666A CN101208123B CN 101208123 B CN101208123 B CN 101208123B CN 2006800196665 A CN2006800196665 A CN 2006800196665A CN 200680019666 A CN200680019666 A CN 200680019666A CN 101208123 B CN101208123 B CN 101208123B
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Y·伊夫里
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Abstract

在一个或多个实施例中,振动系统包括可振动板,围绕可振动板的支持元件,和围绕支持元件的振动诱导元件,其中振动诱导元件构形为相对于支持元件径向扩大和收缩以便产生可振动板的轴向振动。在一个实施例中,可振动板具有外圆周,管状元件同心配置在板的外圆周周围,并且环形振动诱导元件同心配置在管状元件的外圆周周围。振动诱导元件优选是压电环,其相对于管状元件的壁可径向扩大和收缩以使得板沿轴向方向振动。在另一实施例中,烟雾产生系统包括在其启动时可径向扩大和收缩的压电环;配置在压电环的中心孔中的管状元件;和横跨管状元件的内部内腔配置的圆形孔板。压电环相对于管状元件可径向扩大和收缩以使孔板在轴向上振动,并且液体的容器连接到管状元件上,以便将液体提供到可振动孔板并在其振动时产生烟雾。

Description

振动系统和方法
相关申请的交叉参考
本申请要求于2005年5月25日提交的、名称为“AerosolizerSystem With Reusable Components And Methods For Making”的美国临时申请No.60/684,720的权益,其整个公开内容在此结合作为参考。
技术领域
本发明总的涉及一种振动系统,其有效转移来自振动诱导元件的径向振动以通过滤掉不需要振动的支持元件在可振动元件中产生轴向振动。在优选实施例中,压电传感器将超声振荡传递到振动板,特别是烟雾产生器装置的振动孔(口)板,其中振动板穿有孔并且在流体介质中可操作。本发明还可以用于流体介质中超声波传输的领域,包括但不限于水下声纳,深度声纳和障碍物检测声纳。
背景技术
其中利用以环的形式的压电传感器振动圆形孔板的装置在本领域中是已知的。例如,在Maehara的美国专利No.US 4,605,167中,在其中具有至少一个喷嘴口的可振动板固定到刚性外壳,以及压电环固定到可振动板,用于在其中产生位移以放出少量液体通过喷嘴口。在本领域中描述的另一装置中,圆形振动板直接结合到压电环并覆盖压电环中的中心开口;例如,如Toda的美国专利US 5,297,734中所述。作为另一个例子,Humberstone等人的美国专利US 5,518,179,Ross等人的美国专利US 5,261,601和Davison等人的美国专利US6,062,212描述了一种振动装置,其中圆形可振动板安装在结合到压电环上的薄的环形元件,或“垫圈”的中心开口上方。当启动时,压电环径向振动以使得垫圈以沿轴向方向振动可振动板的“弯曲模式”操作。当制造这些类型的装置时,在振动板连接到垫圈以及垫圈定位在压电环中开口上方时,各部件必须彼此仔细地同心对准。
如Maehara所教导的将超声传感器直接安装到刚性框架或外壳上也是有问题的。原因在于传感器的整个主体振动,一些部分以小幅度振动,一些部分以放大幅度振动。当传感器安装在刚性固定物上时,振荡幅度减小。现有技术装置的另一问题在于压电环沿3个方向(即,X,Y和Z轴)固有振动,并将这种振动传递到振动板。传递到板的振动叠加,轴向振动的作用可以取消或部分抵消。因此,希望滤掉压电元件的不希望振动以及仅使用沿一个方向例如轴向方向的振动。尝试解决这个问题包括在弹性保持元件,或“指状物”上安装振动板,例如如Martens III等人的美国专利US 6450,419中所述;在橡胶O环上支持双压电晶片型传感器,例如如Ross等人的美国专利US5,261,601和Humberstone等人的美国专利US 5,518,179中所述;和利用垫圈在适当的位置保持压电环,例如如Helf等人的美国专利US6,293,474和Tomkins等人的美国专利US 6,382,522中所述。
上述装置将压电环的径向振动转换为穿孔板的轴向振动以将液体分散为烟雾。在另一类型的装置中,压电传感器可以是管状的,并且可以轴向扩大和收缩(沿管中心轴的方向)以移动穿孔板。例如,见Newcombe等人的美国专利US 5,838,350。
通常,在流体介质中操作,例如在烟雾器中使用的压电传感器中,需要分离压电元件和可振动元件以便可振动元件可以浸没在液体中,以及压电元件可以与液体电绝缘。在一些情况下,这种绝缘可以通过利用弹性材料封闭压电元件来提供。这种材料在提供电绝缘时,还具有衰减压电传感器的振荡幅度的能量吸收特性,因此对装置的效率具有不利的影响。
目前存在多种烟雾器和喷雾器。特别感兴趣在于它们振动孔板或其它元件以产生烟雾。这些烟雾器的一些例子在美国专利号5,169,740,5,938,117,6,540,154,5,586,550,5,750,647,6,467,476,6,014,970,6,755,189,6,814,071,6,554,201,6,732,944,6,615,824,6,845,770和6,815,626中描述,每篇文献的整个内容在此结合作为参考。利用烟雾器(特别是利用高腐蚀性液体用于医用的烟雾器)的问题是部件的污染和腐蚀。烟雾器暴露在液体中的某些部件可能需要被清洗或去除,以保持烟雾器在良好的工作状态。这些部分的许多是很难清洗的,由于压电传感器和它们相关的电子设备相对昂贵,因此使其为一次性的在经济上可能是不可行的。因此,希望使某些烟雾器元件可拆卸或可代替。
发明内容
本发明的一个或多个实施例定向为一种振动系统,其有效转移来自振动诱导元件的径向振动以通过滤掉不需要振动的支持元件在可振动元件中产生轴向振动。在一个特定布置中,振动诱导元件可以是具有中心开口的环形压电传感器,振动元件可以是薄的圆形板以及支持元件可以具有保持圆形板的圆形截面;然而,元件还可能具有其它形状。在其它布置中,振动诱导元件与其它结构分离以便它可以对于其它应用重新使用。此外,本发明的其它布置有效地将振动诱导元件与液体的接触隔离,因此特别适合于在流体介质,例如在烟雾器环境中的操作。更进一步,本发明提供一种包括压电环和圆形可振动板的振动系统的元件自对准的方法,以便使得系统的制造简单和便宜。
在一个或多个实施例中,本发明的振动系统包括薄的圆形可振动板,保持振动板的管状元件和耦合到管状元件的压电环。可振动板可以同心配置在薄壁管状元件的内腔中;压电环可以在可振动板的位置处同心定位在管状元件的外圆周周围。压电环沿径向方向可扩大和收缩,其又使得管状元件的壁沿径向方向扩大和收缩。管状元件壁的该移动扩大和收缩板的外圆周,使得其中间区域沿轴向方向振荡(即振动)。由于本发明的可振动板的外圆周定位在压电环的中心开口中,与其中心面对准,与其中可振动板的表面(或围绕板的同心垫圈)横跨压电环的中心开口固定在压电环的表面的现有系统相反,因此压电环产生的径向负载更对称地施加到本发明的可振动板。
在一个实施例中,可振动板可以是包括多个锥形孔并优选是圆顶形的孔板。孔板可以耦合到配置在管状元件的内腔中的安装结构,其保持孔板垂直于管状元件的中心轴。
在另一实施例中,管状元件可以由抗腐蚀金属材料例如钯/镍合金或不锈钢制造,并具有柔性薄壁,例如厚度小于0.5mm。在其它实施例中,管状元件可以包括塑料材料,并且可以包括至少一个配置在其中的弹性部分,例如弹性体,其允许管状元件通过压电环压缩和扩大。在另一实施例中,压电环可以从管状元件拆卸并且对于其它应用重新使用。例如,管状元件可以锥形化以形成“锥形锁”,其中压电环与管状元件压入配合。在又一实施例中,压电环可以永久结合到管状元件以形成整体单元。
在一个实施例中,包含孔板的管状元件可以可操作地耦合到液体的容器,或容器可以是管状元件的整体部分,以便将液体提供到管状元件中的孔板。以该方式,当孔板根据本发明振动时,液滴以烟雾形式从孔板中喷出。任选地,环可以配置在压电环的外圆周周围以辅助以其共振频率振动孔板。在其中管状元件和压电环不与容器集成的实施例中,O环或其它密封件可以提供在容器和管状元件之间以用作液密密封件,其防止压电环的污染,以及还提供衰减压电环和烟雾器外壳,由此增加系统的效率。在另一实施例中,管状元件可以与容器的排出口“压入配合”(即形成“干涉配合”)。
在本发明的一个实施例中,容器和包含孔板的管状元件可以集成为单个单元,压电环可以在烟雾器的容器上方滑动以与管状元件形成压入配合。以该方式,压电环可以被去除,而不会受到容器和管状元件中的物质的潜在污染,或受到孔板产生的烟雾的潜在污染。在另一实施例中,压电环和管状元件可以一起结合为整体单元。
本发明的振动系统可以结合到多种产品中并且可以连接到电源,电子设备以振动振动诱导元件等。在一个实施例中,本发明的振动系统利用与压电环的第一表面电接触的第一导线和与振动诱导元件的第二表面电接触的第二导线连接到电源。这些导线可以定位在围绕外壳的外表面的凹槽中,振动系统定位在该外壳中,以便它们与容器中的液体隔离并位于振动系统的管状元件中。
可以使用本发明的振动系统的产品的例子包括通风机,连续正气道压(CPAP)系统,手提喷雾器等,以及利用流体介质中超声波传输的装置,例如多种声纳装置。作为一个例子,通风机回路可以包括管的长度,本发明的振动系统可以可操作地耦合到管以将振动系统产生的烟雾引入到通风机回路中。作为另一例子,烟雾器可以构造为具有嘴口的外壳,本发明的振动系统可以配置在该外壳中以便由振动孔板产生的液滴喷出通过嘴口并进入用户的呼吸系统。
本发明的一个实施例提供制造振动系统的示例性方法,包括以下步骤:将可振动板插入到围绕板的支持结构;利用构形为径向扩大和收缩的振动诱导元件围绕包括可振动板的支持结构;和启动振动诱导元件以相对于支持元件产生径向扩大和收缩,从而产生可振动板的轴向振动。
在一个特定实施例中,一种制造振动系统的方法包括以下步骤:提供具有纵向内腔的管状元件,将圆形可振动板固定在内腔中以便可振动板垂直于管状元件的中心轴;提供具有中心开口的压电环;将管状元件定位在压电环的中心开口中以便管状元件的外圆周与开口的内圆周接触,振动诱导元件围绕管状元件中的可振动板;和将振动诱导元件固定到管状元件。
在另一实施例中,一种振动板的方法包括以下步骤:将可振动板插入在围绕板的整个外周的支持结构中,将包括可振动板的支持结构插入到构形为径向扩大和收缩的振动诱导元件的中心开口中,和启动振动诱导元件以相对于支持元件产生径向扩大和收缩,从而产生可振动板的轴向振动。
在另一实施例中,提供一种治疗病人的方法,其包括以下步骤:提供振动系统,该振动系统包括具有外圆周的圆形可振动孔板;同心配置在可振动板的外圆周周围的管状元件,其中管状元件具有外圆周;以及同心配置在管状元件的外圆周周围的环形振动诱导元件,其中振动诱导元件可径向扩大和收缩以使得孔板沿轴向方向振动;经由管状元件将液体药物提供到孔板;启动振动诱导元件以振动孔板和使液体药物成烟雾状散开;以及将烟雾剂提供到病人的呼吸系统。
附图说明
图1a和1b是本发明的振动系统的分解透视图。
图2是图1a和1b的装配好的振动系统的部分截面图。
图3a和3b是图2的振动系统的截面侧视图。
图4a是根据本发明的烟雾器的一个实施例的截面侧视图。
图4b是图4a所示的烟雾器的部分截面图。
图4c是图4a所示的烟雾器的透视图。
图4d是根据本发明的烟雾器的另一个实施例的截面侧视图。
图5a是根据本发明的振动系统的另一实施例的透视图。
图5b是图5a所示的振动系统的部分截面图。
图6是根据本发明的振动系统的另一实施例的透视图。
图7a是根据本发明的烟雾器的另一个实施例的透视图。
图7b是图7a的烟雾器的截面侧视图。
图8是根据本发明的烟雾器系统的另一实施例的截面侧视图。
具体实施方式
在此引用的所有公开物,专利和专利申请,无论是在前文中还是在下文中,其整个内容通过引用的方式并入到本文中,如同每个单独的公开物,专利或专利申请具体和单独地指示为通过引用的方式并入到本文中。
必须注意,如在本说明书和所附权利要求中所用的,单数形式“一”,“一个”和“该”包括多个,除非内容明确地另外规定。
在此参考的“一个实施例”,“一个变型”或“一个方面”将包括一个或多个这种实施例,变型或方面,除非内容明确地另外规定。
在一个或多个实施例中,本发明的振动系统包括可振动板,围绕可振动板的支持元件,和围绕支持元件的振动诱导元件,其中振动诱导元件构形为相对于支持元件径向扩大和收缩以便产生可振动板的轴向振动。下面的详细描述定向为本发明的一个优选实施例,其中可振动板是圆形的,支持元件具有圆形截面,例如管状元件(圆柱或锥形),圆形可振动板配置在其中,并且振动诱导元件是具有中心开口的环形盘,即压电环,支持元件配置到其中。然而,应当理解,本发明不限于该实施例。
管状元件可以由抗腐蚀金属例如不锈钢(优选等级316,303或416),钛,或C-276铬/镍合金(例如HastelloyC-276)制造。管状元件优选具有相对薄的可以通过压电环有效偏斜的壁。在一个实施例中,管状元件的壁的厚度在0.1 mm至0.5mm的范围内,优选约0.25mm。在一个实施例中,管状元件可以具有围绕其内表面配置的搁板结构,可振动板的外周可以结合到该内表面,以便它延伸横跨垂直于其中心轴的管状元件的内部内腔。
本领域中已知的多种压电环可以适合用作本发明的环形振动诱导元件。在一个实施例中,压电环可以包括任何显示压电属性的材料,例如压电陶瓷材料如锆钛酸铅(PZT)或偏铌酸铅(PN),并且可以采取具有中心孔的基本不变厚度的盘的形状。这种压电环在市场上可买到,例如从American Piezo Ceramics,Inc.(APC),Mackeyville,Pennsylvania,和Morgan Electro Ceramics(MEC),Fairfield,NewJersey。压电环可以供有来自电源的以选定频率的交流电;例如,压电环可以通过导线电连接到包含控制压电环振动必需的电子设备的控制器。
根据本发明,管状元件定位在压电环的中心开口中。当通过来自控制器的交流电场启动时,压电环沿径向方向相对于在可振动板附近的管状元件的壁扩大和收缩。管状元件壁的该移动扩大和收缩可振动板的外周,由此强迫可振动板的中心沿轴向方向振荡,即沿管状元件的中心轴线上和下移动。尽管压电环还可以沿轴向方向振动,以及可以产生横向表面波,但是仅径向振动可以通过管状元件传递到可振动板。以该方式,冲突振动模式的叠加被消除,电能量到机械移动的有效转换实现。本发明的实施还允许振动系统直接安装到刚性主体,例如烟雾器,喷雾器或其它装置的框架或外壳,不会将振动转移到整个主体。这主要因为管状元件的端部不会振动,因此可以用于将振动系统安装到刚性主体。
当使用管状元件来保持环形孔板或其它具有多个孔的结构时,本发明可以特别有用。当将液体通过管状元件施加到孔板的一侧以及启动压电环时,孔板以使得液滴从孔喷出的方式振荡。所得到的烟雾然后可以分配到管状元件的开口端外。
孔板的特别有用的类型是具有锥形孔的板,其从接触液体的表面到喷出液滴的表面逐渐变细。同样,在一些实施例中,孔板可以是圆顶形状,尽管本发明不限于这种孔板。优选的孔板可以具有20至100微米范围中的厚度。可以用于本发明的压电材料和孔板的例子在美国专利US 6,235,177和5,758,637中描述,其在此结合作为参考。在另一实施例中,压电环可以以在从约20Khz至约500Khz的范围中的频率振动,例如大约128Khz。在另一优选实施例中,液滴可以具有适合用于制药学的尺寸,例如在约3微米(μm)至约6μm的范围中,以及液体可以是在从约5-20微升/秒的范围中的速率成烟雾状散开。
现在参考图1a,1b和2,描述本发明的一个实施例。振动系统10包括可振动板101,管状元件102和压电环103。管状元件102具有外圆周104和内圆周105,它们一起限定相对薄的圆柱壁,优选具有从约0.1mm至0.5mm的范围中的厚度。管状元件102的中空中心(内腔)在其相对端处终止于开口106和107。安装结构111包括圆形脊,其在优选开口106和107之间的中心位置处从内圆周105垂直突出到管状元件102的内腔中。压电环103包括具有中心孔108的压电材料的环形盘,该孔的圆周112大约等于管状元件102的外圆周104。可振动板101包括围绕薄圆形可振动中心部分110的圆形外凸缘109。
在制造振动系统10的一种方法中,金属管状元件102可以首先通过在与端部106和107等距的位置处围绕内圆周105粘合金属脊来设置有安装结构111。可振动板101然后可以同心配置在管状元件102的内腔中,圆形凸缘109的下表面定位在安装结构111的上表面上方,可振动板101的外周邻接内圆周105。可振动板101的外凸缘109可以利用适当的连接步骤固定到安装结构111上,该步骤例如是冶金工序如铜焊,焊接,软焊等,或化学结合工序如粘接。
在一个优选实施例中,适当抗腐蚀铜焊填充材料,例如70%金和30%铜的混合物的铜焊环可以放置在安装结构111的上表面和可振动板101的外凸缘109之间。管状元件102,可振动板101,和铜焊环的整个组件可以通过放置在可振动板101顶部的重量来保持在适当的位置。组件可以放置在炉中并加热到足够熔化铜焊并且以常规铜焊步骤永久将表面连接在一起的温度。在另一实施例中,可振动板101可以利用软焊材料例如锡/铅软焊材料软焊到安装结构111上;然而,如果组件将暴露在酸性的药用配制中,那么该方法不适用。在另一实施例中,可振动板101可以通过超声或激光焊接固定到安装结构111上。
一旦可振动板101横跨管状元件102的内腔固定,那么管状元件102可以定位在压电环103的中心孔108中。在一个实施例中,管状元件102可以放置在保持管状元件102竖直的固定物中,压电环103可以沿着管状元件102向下纵向滑动,直到压电环103在直接相应于管状元件102的内圆周105上的安装结构111和可振动板101的位置处围绕外圆周104。例如通过围绕圆周104和圆周112的接缝沉积适当的液体粘合剂以及例如利用UV光固化该粘合剂,管状元件102的外圆周104和压电环103中中心孔108的圆周112然后可以结合到一起。使用的粘合剂应当能够有效地将来自压电环103的振动转移到管状元件102。尽管理想地粘合剂具有压电环的弹性模量(“杨氏模量”),即约60GPa(千兆帕)来实现振动的最终转移,但是这不是对于任何粘合剂都是可能的。大多数结构粘合剂(例如环氧树脂)具有塑料材料的弹性模量,其约为2GPa,并且如果固化到大约该硬度,应当适合于本发明。作为适当粘合剂的例子,可以使用多种环氧树脂和厌氧粘合剂,例如市场上可买到的由商标Loctite销售的UV可固化环氧树脂粘合剂。
如之前所述,压电环103构形为在交流电场经由电线传递到它时径向扩大和收缩。例如,如图3a所示,当通过第一电场启动时,压电环103向其中心开口(方向D)径向收缩。该径向收缩使得压电环103在安装结构111附近沿管状元件102的外圆周104向内推动,由此夹紧管状元件102的壁。管状元件102的收缩使得凸缘109也径向收缩,结果,可振动板101的中心部分110沿方向A轴向移动。当通过第二电场启动时,如图3b所示,压电环103远离其中心开口径向扩大(方向D’),由此释放沿管状元件102的圆周104的向内压力。该压力的释放允许凸缘109径向扩大,这使得孔板101的中心部分110沿方向A’轴向移动到其原始位置。连续交替电场产生中心部分110在图3a和3b所示的位置之间的振荡(振动)。
如之前所述,本发明的振动系统特别用于使液体成烟雾状散开。图4a,4b和4c说明了根据本发明实施例的烟雾化系统(在此称为“烟雾器40”)。相同的附图标记用于每个附图中以涉及相同的组件。现在参考图4a,烟雾器40包括上外壳401,可拆卸下外壳405和振动系统10(例如见图2)。振动系统10包括管状元件102,压电环103和孔板101。上外壳401包括构形为保持例如液体药物的液体体积的容器402,和在容器402下端处的圆锥部分403,其终止于由圆柱壁406限定的排出管404。由上外壳401的圆柱壁408限定的接合管407同心配置在排出管404周围并完全包围它。
振动系统10适合于可拆卸地与上外壳401接合,振动系统10的管状元件102的上部分(即管状元件102在压电环103上方的部分)构形为在排出管404中压入配合,振动系统10的压电环103构形为与接合管407压入配合。当装配时,压电环103的管状元件102的上部分完全由排出管404包围,压电环103的顶表面邻接排出管404的下端。管状元件102和排出管404的该压入配合配对形成防止从容器402排出到排出管404中的液体与压电环103接触的液体不漏密封。
下外壳405包括由圆柱壁412限定的接收管411,同心配置在接收管411的底部周围的环形凸缘413和由圆柱壁415限定的烟雾室414。下外壳405可以适合于可拆卸地与振动系统10和上外壳401接合,振动系统10的管状元件102的下部分(即管状元件102在压电环103下方的部分)构形为在接收管411中压入配合,环形凸缘413构形为在接合管407中压入配合。当装配时,管状元件102的下部分完全由接收管411包围并形成直接到烟雾室414中的通路。压电环103的底表面邻接接收管411的上端以将振动系统10固定保持在接合管407中。
现在参考图4b和4c,压电环103可以从电池或另一电源(未示出)通过导线416和417提供有电流。每个导线416和417可以成形为“c夹子”布置并且分别紧贴到围绕上外壳401的壁415的外周切割的凹槽418和419中。导线416的终端420可以通过壁415中的开口422进入接合管407,并与压电环103的上表面电接触。导线417的终端421可以通过上外壳401的壁415中的孔423进入接合管407,并与压电环103的下表面电接触。
孔板101的中心部分110的几何形状可以是圆顶形,尽管可以使用其它形状。同样,中心部分110可以包括从背侧(面对容器402)至前侧的逐渐变细的孔。当烟雾器40沿大致竖直的方位放置时,来自容器402的液体可以通过重力传送并搁置在中心部分110的背侧。压电环103构形为当通过由导线416和417提供的交流电场启动时径向扩大和收缩。在这过程中,管状元件102的壁也收缩和扩大。以该方式,中心部分110轴向振动以便从其前侧喷射液滴以及喷出烟雾室414上的开口。
利用振动系统10的一个优点在于,烟雾器40可以被构造成,振动系统10从上外壳401和下外壳405可拆卸。以该方式,振动系统10(其包含相对昂贵的压电环103)可以在其它应用中重新使用。能够相对便宜制造的上外壳401和下外壳405可以在使用后丢弃。利用振动系统10的另一个优点在于管状元件102的端部可以直接连接到刚性主体,例如上外壳401的壁406和下外壳405的壁412,不影响孔板110的振荡幅度。这使得烟雾器能够更有效地产生液滴。
现在参考图4d,烟雾器40’类似于烟雾器40并包括包含容器402’的上外壳401’,包含烟雾室414’的可拆卸下外壳405’,以及振动系统10’,其包括管状元件102’,压电环103’和孔板中心部分110’。然而,在烟雾器40’中,管状元件102’的上部分不压入配合到排出管404’中(如图4a所示),而是O环420可以定位成填充管状元件102’的上部分和外壳401’的排出管404’之间的间隙。以该方式,形成液体不漏密封,以防止来自容器402’的液体接触压电环103’。类似地,O环421可以定位以填充管状元件102’的下部分和下外壳405’的接收管411’之间的间隙,以形成液体不漏密封,其防止由孔板中心部分110’产生的烟雾接触压电环103’。因此,压电环103’可以保护免受污染,该污染可能防止它在从烟雾器40’拆卸后重新使用,不需压入配合所需要的紧密尺寸,如关于烟雾器40所描述的那样。由于O环420和421定位在压电环103’的顶和底表面上,并用于悬浮压电环103’,使其不与上外壳401’和下外壳405’直接接触,因此O环420和421还可以具有减振效果,其减小了来自压电环103’的振动到上外壳401’和下外壳405’的不希望转移。
现在参考图5a和5b,描述本发明的另一实施例。振动系统50包括具有中心开口504的压电环502。如前所述,压电环502可以由启动时径向扩大和收缩的压电材料构造,如以上所述。管状元件506配置在开口504中并适合于利用在此所述的任一种技术将孔板508保持其内部内腔509中。管状元件506可以由刚性材料构造,该材料例如硬塑料,金属,陶瓷等。管状元件506可以任选地包括突出510以提供与压电环502的良好机械接触。作为替换,管状元件506可以是锥形以确保良好的机械接触。
管状元件506可以包括一个或多个弹性部分511,其从其内圆周上的位置径向延伸到其外圆周上的相应位置。这些部分可以由弹性材料构造并定位在多个位置处。弹性部分511允许管状元件506由刚性材料(用于固定保持孔板508)构造,同时还允许管状元件506利用压电环502径向扩大和收缩。更明确的,在管状元件506通过压电环502收缩时,弹性部分511压缩以减小内腔509的直径。当压电环502径向扩大时,弹性部分511扩大以增加内腔509的直径。因此,扩大和收缩量可以部分基于使用的弹性材料的尺寸,数量和类型而改变。
方便地,振动系统50可以耦合到烟雾器(未示出)的容器,以允许液体提供到孔板508。同样,也可以使用其它液体传送系统,例如吸液系统等。可替换地,振动系统50可以结合到其它系统例如喷雾器,通风机等中。
图6说明了图5a和5b所示的振动系统50,外环512配置在压电环502的外圆周周围,压电环502又配置在管状元件506周围。环512可以被使用以调节压电环502的操作频率。在许多应用中,希望以大约130Khz的频率操作压电环502,该频率是孔板的近似谐振频率。当压电环502由压电陶瓷材料制造时,其频率与其直径成反比,其中:
f = ( 1 / 2 pir ) X ( E / p )
因此,如果压电环502的直径制作得较大以减小压电环的频率,那么压电环502对于某些应用可能太大。压电环502的低操作频率可能得到,因为压电材料“软”且重。为了增加频率而不增加直径,可以添加外环512(其可以由刚性且轻重量材料构造,例如氮化硅)。环512和压电环502的结合用于将频率增加到所需范围。
参考图7a和7b,描述根据本发明的烟雾化系统的实施例。系统80包括烟雾器,其为了方便讨论,包括具有环512的振动系统50,如图6所示,尽管可以理解,也可以使用本发明的其它振动系统。耦合到振动系统50的管状元件506(或与其整体形成)是用于保持液体的容器802。方便地,盖子804可以提供以在液体填充以后封闭容器802。同样耦合到管状元件506的是出口806,通过它由孔板508产生的烟雾可以被分配。O环或垫圈密封件805可以配置在容器802和振动系统50之间,以及在振动系统50和出口806之间以提供组件之间的足够密封和减震。
烟雾化系统80的一个特定特征在于压电环502具有足够大的内径,以便它可以在出口806和容器802上方滑动。以该方式,系统80可以容易地装配和拆卸以去除压电环502。此外,压电环502不与任何液体接触,因此可以与另一烟雾化系统重新使用。此外,容器82,管状元件506和孔板508可以构造为相对便宜以便它们在随后的使用中可以去除。同样,系统80可以容易地结合到其它系统例如手提喷雾器,通风机等中。
在操作中,容器802充满液体,盖子804放置在适当的位置。压电环502在容器802上方滑动并放置在管状元件506上方。提供电流到压电环502以使它扩大和收缩。在此过程中,与孔板508接触的液体作为液滴喷射到出口806中。随后的使用中,容器802可以再充满,或可以丢弃但保留压电环502。
图8说明了本发明的另一实施例,其中烟雾化系统90包括管状元件906,该管状元件包括尖锐的端部901和排出端903。如前所述,管状元件906还包含横跨其内部内腔的孔板(未示出)。压电环904配置在管状元件906周围。当烟雾化系统90未在使用中时,尖锐的端部901可以具有罩(未示出),其保护该端部免受损伤和污染。当准备使用时,罩可以被去除,尖锐的端部901可以插入通过小瓶902顶部的膜,该瓶包含将被烟雾化的液体905。液体905然后经由尖锐的端部901和管状元件906的内腔输送到其中包含的孔板。压电环904可以启动以振动孔板,由此以之前所述的方式烟雾化液体905。所得到的烟雾然后分配通过排出端903。使用后,小瓶902可以从尖锐的端部901去除和丢弃,压电环904可以从组件中去除以再次使用,剩余的组件可以丢弃。
如之前所述,在此描述的烟雾器可以结合到其它系统中。通风机系统的例子例如在共同未决的2004年4月20日提交的美国专利申请No.10/828,765中描述,其整个公开内容在此结合作为参考。在此描述的系统特别用于新生儿和婴儿的连续正压气道压力(CPAP)治疗。因此,本发明的烟雾器可以耦合到这种通风机或CPAP回路,以将烟雾化的药物例如通过病人接口装置提供到病人的呼吸系统。当治疗完成时,烟雾器或其某些组件可以去除和重新使用,而系统的其它组件可以丢弃。
作为另一例子,本发明的烟雾器可以结合到喷雾器中,该喷雾器例如在2004年4月27日提交的共同未决的美国专利申请No.10/833,932中描述,其整个公开内容在此结合作为参考。喷雾器包括耦合到烟雾器外壳的主外壳,该烟雾器外壳可以包括如之前关于图4a,4b和4c所示的烟雾器40描述的烟雾化系统,其包括用于保持将被烟雾化的液体药物的容器和根据本发明的具有孔板的振动系统,该孔板具有多个在第一表面和第二表面之间延伸的锥形孔,如在美国专利Nos.5,164,740,5,586,550,5,758,637和6,085,740中所述,其整个内容在此结合作为参考。喷雾器还可以具有耦合到主外壳的嘴口。本发明的振动系统的管状元件的至少一部分可以配置在外壳中,以便液滴喷射通过嘴口以允许病人吸入该烟雾化的药物。孔板中的孔可以形成合适的尺寸,以产生其中约70%(重量)或更多的液滴具有从约1至约5微米范围中的尺寸的烟雾。随后的使用中,烟雾外壳可以从主外壳中去除。液体可以再充满,或一个或多个组件可以替换。例如,振动系统可以被去除并与另一喷雾器重复使用。
本发明的一个实施例提供一种治疗病人的方法,该病人显示一种或多种感染症状或其它呼吸疾病或异常。该方法通常包括以下步骤:提供振动系统,其包括具有外圆周的圆形可振动孔板;同心配置在可振动板的外圆周周围的管状元件,其中管状元件具有外圆周;以及同心配置在管状元件的外圆周周围的环形振动诱导元件,其中振动诱导元件可径向扩大和收缩以使得孔板沿轴向方向振动;提供液体药物到振动系统;启动振动诱导元件以振动孔板并烟雾化药物;和将烟雾提供到病人的呼吸系统。
根据本发明的烟雾产生器具有相对于功率输入产生高流量的烟雾的能力。例如,当使用标准的盐溶液(2%NaCl)时,具有4微米容量中径(VMD)的烟雾的流速可以是15微升/秒,产生器的功耗可以是3瓦。
现在已经为了清楚和理解的目的详细描述了本发明。然而,可以理解,某些改变和变形可以在所附权利要求的范围内实现。

Claims (34)

1.一种振动系统,包括:
圆顶形状的可振动板;
围绕可振动板的支持元件,所述支持元件与所述可振动板对准;和
围绕支持元件的振动诱导元件,
其中振动诱导元件构形为相对于支持元件径向扩大和收缩以便产生可振动板的中心部分相对于可振动板的外周部分的轴向振动,并且其中所述振动诱导元件与所述可振动板的外周共平面地对准。
2.根据权利要求1所述的振动系统,其特征在于,支持元件具有所述可振动板配置在其中的圆形截面,并且振动诱导元件是具有中心开口的环形盘,支持元件配置在该中心开口中。
3.根据权利要求2所述的振动系统,其特征在于,支持元件包括薄壁管状元件并且振动诱导元件是压电环。
4.一种振动系统,包括:
具有外圆周的圆顶形状的可振动板;
同心配置在可振动板的外圆周周围的管状元件,该管状元件与该可振动板对准,其中管状元件具有外圆周;和
同心配置在管状元件的外圆周周围的环形振动诱导元件,所述环形振动诱导元件与所述可振动板的外周共平面地对准,其中振动诱导元件相对于管状元件可径向扩大和收缩以使得可振动板的中心部分相对于可振动板的外周部分沿轴向方向振动。
5.根据权利要求4所述的系统,其特征在于,所述可振动板包括多个锥形孔。
6.根据权利要求5所述的系统,其特征在于,所述可振动板具有在从20微米至100微米的范围内的厚度。
7.根据权利要求5所述的系统,进一步包括液体容器,其适合于将液体提供到可振动板。
8.根据权利要求5所述的系统,其特征在于,管状元件包括尖锐的端部,其适合于通过刺穿覆盖包含液体的小瓶的开口的膜,从所述小瓶中吸取液体。
9.根据权利要求4所述的系统,其特征在于,管状元件具有从0.1mm至0.5mm范围内的厚度的壁。
10.根据权利要求4所述的系统,其特征在于,振动诱导元件包括压电环。
11.根据权利要求10所述的系统,其特征在于,管状元件包括至少一个配置在其中的弹性部分。
12.根据权利要求11所述的系统,其特征在于,环配置在压电环的外圆周周围以调节压电环的操作频率。
13.根据权利要求4所述的系统,进一步包括配置在管状元件内的安装结构,该安装结构支承可振动板。
14.根据权利要求4所述的系统,进一步包括用于控制振动诱导元件的径向扩大和收缩的控制器和将控制器与振动诱导元件连接的导线。
15.根据权利要求4所述的系统,其特征在于,振动诱导元件可从管状元件中去除。
16.一种振动板的方法,包括以下步骤:
将可振动板插入到围绕可振动板的支持结构中;
利用该支持结构对准可振动板;
用与所述可振动板的外周共平面地对准且构形为径向扩大和收缩的振动诱导元件围绕包括可振动板的支持结构;和
启动振动诱导元件以相对于支持结构产生径向扩大和收缩,从而产生可振动板的中心部分相对于可振动板的外周部分的轴向振动。
17.根据权利要求16所述的方法,其特征在于,支持结构滤掉除轴向振动以外的振动。
18.一种用于振动板的方法,包括:
提供具有中心部分、外周部分以及外圆周的板;
提供配置在板的外圆周周围的管状元件,所述管状元件具有外圆周;
利用该管状元件对准该板;
在与板的外圆周重合的位置处提供同心定位在管状元件的外圆周周围的压电环;和
相对于管状元件径向扩大和收缩压电环以使得板的中心部分相对于外周部分沿轴向方向振动。
19.根据权利要求18所述的方法,其特征在于,压电环以从20Khz至500Khz的范围内的频率振动。
20.根据权利要求18所述的方法,其特征在于,板包括多个孔,所述方法在使得板的中心部分相对于外周部分沿轴向方向振动的步骤之前,进一步包括将液体提供到板以使液体烟雾化成液滴。
21.根据权利要求20所述的方法,其特征在于,液滴具有从3微米至6微米范围内的尺寸,以及液体以5微升/秒至20微升/秒的速率成烟雾状散开。
22.根据权利要求20所述的方法,其特征在于,将容器耦合到管状元件以将液体提供到板。
23.一种烟雾剂产生系统,包括:
具有中心孔的压电环,其内圆周适于在被电启动时径向扩大和收缩;
连接到所述压电环的用于其电启动的至少一个电连接;
配置在压电环的中心孔内的管状元件,所述管状元件具有与所述中心孔的内圆周接触的外圆周和限定延伸管状元件长度的内部内腔的圆柱壁;
适合于在其轴向振动时烟雾化液体的圆顶形状的可振动孔板;其中可振动孔板横跨管状元件的内部内腔配置并在与压电环的中心孔的内圆周重合的位置处与内部内腔的内圆周接触,该管状元件包括用于支承该可振动孔板的安装结构;和
耦合到管状元件以便将液体提供到可振动孔板的液体的容器,由此压电环相对于管状元件的壁的径向扩大和收缩使得可振动孔板的中心部分相对于可振动孔板的外周部分沿轴向方向振动并烟雾化液体。
24.根据权利要求23所述的烟雾剂产生系统,其特征在于,可振动孔板具有多个锥形孔。
25.根据权利要求23所述的烟雾剂产生系统,其特征在于,压电环包括压电陶瓷材料。
26.根据权利要求23所述的烟雾剂产生系统,进一步包括通风机系统回路,该通风机系统回路可操作地连接到管状元件以便将由所述可振动孔板产生的烟雾剂分配到所述回路中。
27.根据权利要求23所述的烟雾剂产生系统,其特征在于,所述压电环,所述管状元件,所述可振动孔板和所述容器配置在具有嘴口的喷雾器的外壳中。
28.一种制造振动系统的方法,包括:
将可振动板对准在围绕可振动板的支持元件内;以及
在支持元件周围放置与所述可振动板的外周共平面地对准的振动诱导元件,该振动诱导元件构形为相对于支持元件径向扩大和收缩以产生可振动板的中心部分相对于可振动板的外周部分的轴向振动。
29.根据权利要求28所述的方法,其特征在于,所述支持元件是管状的,并且所述对准包括将可振动板放置到管状支持元件内并且与该管状支持元件的安装结构接触。
30.一种制造振动系统的方法,包括:
提供具有纵向内腔的管状元件;
将圆顶形状的可振动板对准和固定在管状元件的内腔中,以使得可振动板垂直于管状元件的内腔并覆盖它;
将管状元件定位在压电环的中心开口中,以使得所述压电环与所述可振动板的外周共平面地对准,并且所述可振动板由与管状元件的外圆周接触的压电环围绕;和
将压电环固定到管状元件。
31.根据权利要求30所述的制造振动系统的方法,进一步包括以下步骤:
将一脊结合在管状元件的内圆周周围;
将可振动板定位在该脊上;和
将可振动板焊接到该脊上。
32.根据权利要求30所述的制造振动系统的方法,其特征在于,压电环利用粘合剂结合到管状元件,该粘合剂能够将来自压电环的振动有效转移到管状元件。
33.一种振动系统,包括:
具有限定纵向内腔的圆柱壁的管状对准元件;
固定到圆柱壁的安装结构以及横跨内腔设置的可振动板;和
将径向振动传递到管状对准元件的圆柱壁以便产生可振动板的中心部分相对于可振动板的外周部分的轴向振动的与所述可振动板的外周共平面地对准的装置。
34.根据权利要求33所述的振动系统,其特征在于,可振动板是具有与液体接触的后面和与其相对的前面的孔板,其中液滴从前面喷射以在孔板的所述轴向振动时形成烟雾剂。
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