WO2021128282A1 - 一种铁钴镍铜基高熵合金电解水催化材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种铁钴镍铜基高熵合金电解水催化材料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021128282A1 WO2021128282A1 PCT/CN2019/129204 CN2019129204W WO2021128282A1 WO 2021128282 A1 WO2021128282 A1 WO 2021128282A1 CN 2019129204 W CN2019129204 W CN 2019129204W WO 2021128282 A1 WO2021128282 A1 WO 2021128282A1
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- Prior art keywords
- nickel
- cobalt
- copper
- iron
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- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- ZHDZZQCPMPRKFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Fe].[Ni].[Cu].[Co] Chemical compound [Fe].[Ni].[Cu].[Co] ZHDZZQCPMPRKFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical group C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- 239000002134 carbon nanofiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002121 nanofiber Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001523 electrospinning Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- QGBSISYHAICWAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicyandiamide Chemical compound NC(N)=NC#N QGBSISYHAICWAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910021586 Nickel(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cu]Cl ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ni]Cl QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J tin(iv) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Sn](Cl)(Cl)Cl HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910018054 Ni-Cu Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910018481 Ni—Cu Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Co+2] GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021380 Manganese Chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- GLFNIEUTAYBVOC-UHFFFAOYSA-L Manganese chloride Chemical compound Cl[Mn]Cl GLFNIEUTAYBVOC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000002867 manganese chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011565 manganese chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940099607 manganese chloride Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- SHWZFQPXYGHRKT-FDGPNNRMSA-N (z)-4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one;nickel Chemical compound [Ni].C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O.C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O SHWZFQPXYGHRKT-FDGPNNRMSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FSJSYDFBTIVUFD-SUKNRPLKSA-N (z)-4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one;oxovanadium Chemical compound [V]=O.C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O.C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O FSJSYDFBTIVUFD-SUKNRPLKSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- MFWFDRBPQDXFRC-LNTINUHCSA-N (z)-4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one;vanadium Chemical compound [V].C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O.C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O.C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O MFWFDRBPQDXFRC-LNTINUHCSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021550 Vanadium Chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- MQRWBMAEBQOWAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;nickel Chemical compound [Ni].CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O MQRWBMAEBQOWAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940011182 cobalt acetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt dinitrate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001981 cobalt nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- QAHREYKOYSIQPH-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(II) acetate Chemical compound [Co+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O QAHREYKOYSIQPH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- FJDJVBXSSLDNJB-LNTINUHCSA-N cobalt;(z)-4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one Chemical compound [Co].C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O.C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O.C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O FJDJVBXSSLDNJB-LNTINUHCSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) nitrate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OPQARKPSCNTWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Cu+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O OPQARKPSCNTWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- ZKXWKVVCCTZOLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one Chemical compound [Cu].CC(O)=CC(C)=O.CC(O)=CC(C)=O ZKXWKVVCCTZOLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FBAFATDZDUQKNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M iron chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Fe] FBAFATDZDUQKNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- MVFCKEFYUDZOCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);dinitrate Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O MVFCKEFYUDZOCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PVFSDGKDKFSOTB-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron(3+);triacetate Chemical compound [Fe+3].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O PVFSDGKDKFSOTB-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- LZKLAOYSENRNKR-LNTINUHCSA-N iron;(z)-4-oxoniumylidenepent-2-en-2-olate Chemical compound [Fe].C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O.C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O.C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O LZKLAOYSENRNKR-LNTINUHCSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940071125 manganese acetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- UOGMEBQRZBEZQT-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);diacetate Chemical compound [Mn+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O UOGMEBQRZBEZQT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940078494 nickel acetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(ii) nitrate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- RPESBQCJGHJMTK-UHFFFAOYSA-I pentachlorovanadium Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[V+5] RPESBQCJGHJMTK-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 claims description 2
- YJGJRYWNNHUESM-UHFFFAOYSA-J triacetyloxystannyl acetate Chemical compound [Sn+4].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O YJGJRYWNNHUESM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 2
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 6
- WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone Chemical compound C=CN1CCCC1=O WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
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- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 11
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- NQUGRKRDJSMOTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Co].[Ni].[Fe].[Cu].[Sn] Chemical compound [Co].[Ni].[Fe].[Cu].[Sn] NQUGRKRDJSMOTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
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- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- FIERVQVZJPYIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Mn].[Co].[Ni].[Fe].[Cu] Chemical compound [Mn].[Co].[Ni].[Fe].[Cu] FIERVQVZJPYIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- UGPOVHYPYGOAKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [V].[Cu].[Ni].[Co].[Fe] Chemical compound [V].[Cu].[Ni].[Co].[Fe] UGPOVHYPYGOAKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 20
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- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 8
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- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 5
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
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- KGWWEXORQXHJJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Fe].[Co].[Ni] Chemical compound [Fe].[Co].[Ni] KGWWEXORQXHJJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001808 coupling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZOMNIUBKTOKEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-L dimercury dichloride Chemical class Cl[Hg][Hg]Cl ZOMNIUBKTOKEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000004993 emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009616 inductively coupled plasma Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004502 linear sweep voltammetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
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- CCEKAJIANROZEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfluramid Chemical group CCNS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F CCEKAJIANROZEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
- C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
- C25B11/054—Electrodes comprising electrocatalysts supported on a carrier
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/05—Metallic powder characterised by the size or surface area of the particles
- B22F1/054—Nanosized particles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/889—Manganese, technetium or rhenium
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- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/18—Non-metallic particles coated with metal
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/10—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying using centrifugal force
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
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- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/16—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes
- B22F9/18—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds
- B22F9/20—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds starting from solid metal compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C30/00—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C30/00—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
- C22C30/04—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent containing tin or lead
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C47/00—Making alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
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- the diameter of the carbon nanofiber material in step (2) is 50-600 nm.
- the iron-cobalt-nickel-copper-tin high-entropy alloy material in Example 1 only requires 110 mV, while the catalytic material prepared in this example requires 190 mV, which indicates that the element The ratio also has a great influence on the oxygen evolution performance of the alloy material.
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Abstract
一种铁钴镍铜基高熵合金电解水催化材料及其制备方法,属于复合材料制备技术领域。所述电解水催化材料由反应活性物和载体组成,所述反应活性物铁钴镍铜锡、铁钴镍铜锰、铁钴镍铜钒等铁钴镍铜基高熵合金纳米颗粒,所述载体为静电纺丝法制备的碳纳米纤维材料。制备出的电解水催化材料具有高比表面积,有利于电解液的扩散和气体的脱附,可在碱性条件下产氢和产氧,大电压下产氢速率远高于20%Pt/C电极。同时碳纳米纤维可以有效保护高熵合金纳米颗粒,使其免受电解液的侵蚀,赋予催化材料良好的稳定性。
Description
本发明涉及一种铁钴镍铜基高熵合金电解水催化材料及其制备方法,属于复合材料制备技术领域。
能源是人类生存和文明发展的重要物质基础,石油、煤炭、天然气等化石燃料的日益枯竭,迫使人们寻找一种储量丰富的可再生新能源。氢能因其燃烧热值高,燃烧产物无污染,可循环利用等优点,被认为是21世纪最有前途的绿色能源之一,因此,氢能的开发成为新能源领域研究的热点之一。尽管氢是自然界中最普遍的元素(约占宇宙质量的75%),但它主要以化合物的形态贮存于水中,无法直接使用,因此,实现廉价、高效和大规模的制氢途径是氢能经济发展的前提。
矿物燃料制氢、生物质制氢、光催化制氢和电解水制氢目前制氢的主要方法,其中,电解水是实现工业化廉价制备氢气的重要手段,而且制备出的H
2和O
2纯度高,转化率接近100%。但电催化过程能耗较高,因此需要催化剂来降低阴极过电位。更重要的是,传统工业电催化分解水电极材料主要依赖于贵金属Pt及其氧化物,其价格昂贵、比表面积小、稳定性差,这就导致电催化制氢工业化进程受到限制。因此,研究和开发低成本、高效率和高稳定性的电催化分解水电极材料具有非常重要的经济价值和社会意义。
2018年,马里兰大学胡良兵等提出了用碳热冲击法制备五至八元纳米级高熵合金,这种合金保持着一个单一的固溶体结构,而不是分离成不同的金属间相。在高熵合金中,由于元素数目众多会使构型熵最大化,从而使合金具有不同寻常的性能。然而碳热冲击法所需要的条件苛刻且难以批量制备,所以寻找纳米级高熵合金的简易制备方法是目前的难题之一。
静电纺丝法制备的碳纳米纤维膜(CNFs)具有高效稳定、比表面积大、孔隙率高、吸附性能好等优点。相比于传统方法,以碳纳米纤维为反应容器和负载载体,能够制备出分散好、粒径均一、单一相的合金纳米颗粒,并且可以作为自支撑电解水催化电极材料。
发明内容
为了克服目前存在的电解水催化材料成本高昂、催化活性低、稳定性差、导电性差等难题,本发明提供了一种铁钴镍铜基高熵合金电解水催化材料及其制备方法,本发明采用静电纺丝法和高温气体辅助碳化法制备碳纳米纤维负载铁钴镍铜基高熵合金纳米颗粒,该方法成本低廉,所得复合材料在碱性条件下都具有较高析氢和析氧活性,且稳定性良好。
本发明第一个目的是提供一种铁钴镍铜基高熵合金电解水催化材料(FeCoNiCuX HEA/CNFs,X=Sn,Mn,V,HEA=High entropy alloy)的制备方法,所述制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)制备含有铁、钴、镍、铜四种元素和锡、锰、钒中一种或多种元素的纳米纤维膜:取元素铁、钴、镍、铜的前驱体,锡、锰、钒中一种或多种元素的前驱体、以及高分子材料一同加入超细碳纤维前驱体溶液中,搅拌均匀,然后采用静电纺丝法对该混合溶液进行纺丝,得到含有铁、钴、镍、铜四种元素和锡、锰、钒中一种或多种元素的纳米纤维膜;
(2)制备碳纳米纤维负载铁钴镍铜基高熵合金纳米颗粒的电催化材料:将步骤(1)中制备好的纳米纤维膜进行煅烧,先以10~30℃/min的升温速率升温到230℃~280℃,在空气氛围下保温1~3小时进行预氧化;保温结束后,在惰性气体氛围下,以10~30℃/min的速度升温至800~1200℃,保温1~3小时进行碳化;保温结束后在惰性气体的保护降至常温,即制备得到碳纳米纤维负载铁钴镍铜基高熵合金纳米颗粒催化材料。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,步骤(1)中所述元素铁的前驱体为氯化铁、乙酸铁、硝酸铁、乙酰丙酮铁中的一种或几种。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,步骤(1)中所述元素钴的前驱体为氯化钴、乙酸钴、硝酸钴、乙酰丙酮钴中的一种或几种。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,步骤(1)中所述元素镍的前驱体为氯化镍、乙酸镍、硝酸镍、乙酰丙酮镍中的一种或几种。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,步骤(1)中所述元素铜的前驱体为氯化铜、乙酸铜、硝酸铜、乙酰丙酮铜中的一种或几种。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,步骤(1)中所述元素锡的前驱体为氯化锡、四乙酸锡中的一种或两种。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,步骤(1)中所述元素锰的前驱体为氯化锰、乙酸锰中的一种或几种。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,步骤(1)中所述元素钒的前驱体为氯化钒、乙酰丙酮钒、乙酰丙酮氧钒中的一种或几种。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,步骤(1)中所述元素铁的前驱体的添加量为0.1~0.5mmol。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,步骤(1)中所述元素钴的前驱体的添加量为0.1~0.5mmol。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,步骤(1)中所述元素镍的前驱体的添加量为0.1~0.5mmol。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,步骤(1)中所述元素铜的前驱体的添加量为0.1~0.5mmol。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,步骤(1)中所述元素锡的前驱体的添加量为0.1~0.5mmol。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,步骤(1)中所述元素锰的前驱体的添加量为0.1~0.5mmol。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,步骤(1)中所述元素锰的前驱体的添加量为0.1~0.5mmol。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,步骤(1)中的纳米纤维膜中铁、钴、镍、铜四种元素的的含量均为5-35wt%,锡、锰、钒中一种或多种元素的总含量为5-35wt%。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,步骤(1)中的纳米纤维膜中铁元素:钴元素:镍元素:铜元素:锡、锰、钒中一种或多种元素的摩尔比为(1~2):(1~4):(1~4):(1~4):(1~4)。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,步骤(1)中的纳米纤维膜中铁元素:钴元素:镍元素:铜元素:锡、锰、钒中一种或多种元素的摩尔比为1:1:1:1:1。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,步骤(1)中所述超细碳纤维前驱体为聚丙烯腈、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚乙烯醇中的任意一种,或聚丙烯腈和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮的混合物,混合物中聚丙烯腈和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮的质量比为1:(0.5~2)。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,当超细碳纤维前驱体为聚丙烯腈时,所述超细碳纤维前驱体溶液中的溶剂为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺或二甲基亚砜;当超细碳纤维前驱体为聚乙烯吡咯烷酮时,所述超细碳纤维前驱体溶液中的溶剂为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基亚砜、水或乙醇;当超细碳纤维前驱体为聚乙烯醇时,所述超细碳纤维前驱体溶液中的溶剂为水。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,步骤(1)中加入的高分子材料为双氰胺。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,步骤(1)中所述静电纺丝的条件为:控制纺丝电压为10-30kV,接收装置到针头的距离为15-30cm,溶液流速为0.05-0.30mL/min。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,步骤(2)中碳纳米纤维上铁钴镍铜基高熵合金纳米颗粒的负载量为2-30wt%。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,步骤(2)所述铁钴镍铜基高熵合金纳米颗粒的尺寸为5-100nm。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,步骤(2)所述碳纳米纤维材料的直径为50-600nm。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,步骤(2)中所述的煅烧为将步骤(1)中制备好的纳米纤维膜放入刚玉舟中,置于管式炉的中间部位进行煅烧。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,步骤(2)中所述惰性气体为氩气、氮气中的一种或两种。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,步骤(2)中所述升温速率为10℃/min、15℃/min、20℃/min、25℃/min、30℃/min的一种或几种。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,步骤(2)中所述升温速率为20℃/min。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,步骤(2)中所述碳化温度为1000℃。
本发明的第二个目的提供上述制备方法制备得到的铁钴镍铜基高熵合金电解水催化材料。
本发明的第三个目的是提供一种电解水制氢的方法,所述方法利用了上述的铁钴镍铜基高熵合金电解水催化材料。
本发明的有益效果:
(1)本发明制备出的铁钴镍铜基高熵合金,多种金属元素形成单一固溶体,不再受限于单一元素的性质和单一元素在电催化火山图的位置,形成了具有高活性的催化剂。
(2)本发明利用一维碳纳米纤维作为反应容器,诱导生长铁钴镍铜基高熵合金纳米颗粒,发展了一种利用一维碳材料生长高熵合金的方法;同时,静电纺丝法制备的一维碳纳米纤维材料与高熵合金纳米颗粒之间存在强的电子耦合作用,进一步提高了催化活性。
(3)本发明所制备的铁钴镍铜基高熵合金电解水催化材料具有高的活性面积,有利于电解液的扩散,并且碳纳米纤维可以有效保护高熵合金纳米颗粒,使其免受电解液的侵蚀,赋予催化材料良好的稳定性;同时本发明制备的催化材料可直接用作电极,无需涂覆在电极表面。
图1为实施例1中FeCoNiCuSn HEA/CNFs电催化材料的微观形貌图;其中,图1(a)为FeCoNiCuSn-1/CNFs的场发射扫描电镜图;图1(b)为FeCoNiCuSn-1/CNFs的透射电镜图;图1(c)为FeCoNiCuSn-1/CNFs的元素比例图;图1(d)为FeCoNiCuSn-1/CNFs纳米颗粒STEM-EDS mapping元素分布图。
图2为实施例1中FeCoNiCuSn-1/CNFs的X-射线衍射图。
图3为实施例1中FeCoNiCuSn-1/CNFs在碱性电解液1M KOH中的电催化活性;其中,图3(a)为FeCoNiCuSn-1/CNFs和20%Pt/C电极的析氢面积活性曲线;图3(b)为FeCoNiCuSn-1/CNFss和20%Pt/C电极的析氢质量活性曲线;图3(c)为FeCoNiCuSn-1/CNFs和IrO
2电极的析氧面积活性曲线;图3(d)为FeCoNiCuSn-1/CNFs和IrO
2电极的析氢质量活性曲线。
图4为对比例1中MnZnNiCuSn/CNFs的STEM-EDS mapping图。
图5为对比例2中升温速率为5℃制备的FeCoNiCuSn-a/CNFs的X-射线衍射图。
图6为对比例3中FeCoNiCuSn-2/CNFs在碱性电解液1M KOH中的电催化活性;其中,图6(a)为FeCoNiCuSn-2/CNFs的析氢面积活性曲线;(b)为FeCoNiCuSn-2/CNFs的析氧面积活性曲线。
图7为对比例4中FeCoNiCuSn-3/CNFs在碱性电解液1M KOH中的电催化活性;其中,图6(a)为FeCoNiCuSn-3/CNFs的析氢面积活性曲线;(b)为FeCoNiCuSn-3/CNFs的的析氧面积活性曲线。
为了更好的理解本发明,下面结合实例进一步阐明本发明的内容,但本发明的内容不局限于下面所给出的实施例。
实施例1
制备FeCoNiCuSn HEA/CNFs电解水催化材料
(1)取0.1mmol氯化铁、0.1mmol氯化钴、0.1mmol氯化镍、0.1mmol氯化铜、0.1mmol氯化锡和0.2g双氰胺加入到30g质量分数为18wt%的聚丙烯腈/N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶液中,通过磁力搅拌均匀,然后采用静电纺丝法对该溶液进行纺丝,控制纺丝电压为15kV,接收装置到放肆枕头的距离为15cm,溶液流速为0.05mL/min,得到混合纳米纤维膜。
(2)取0.5g步骤(1)中制备好的混合纳米纤维膜放入刚玉舟中,置于管式炉的中间部位。先以20℃/min的升温速率升温到230℃,在空气氛围下保温3小时。保温结束后,在氩气氛围下,以20℃/min的速度升温至1000℃,在1000℃下保温3小时进行碳化。保温结束后在氩气的保护下降至常温,即制备出催化材料FeCoNiCuSn HEA/CNFs,记为FeCoNiCuSn-1/CNFs。
形貌表征
对制得的FeCoNiCuSn HEA/CNFs电解水催化材料拍摄扫描电镜,图1(a)为FeCoNiCuSn-1/CNFs的场发射扫描电镜图,由图1(a)可以看出,FeCoNiCuSn HEA纳米颗粒均匀地分散在碳纳米纤维(CNFs)上,CNFs的直径大约为200nm,形成了独特的三维网络结构。图1(b)为FeCoNiCuSn-1/CNFs的透射电镜图,由图1(b)可以看出,FeCoNiCuSn HEA纳米颗粒的尺寸在20-50nm之间。图1(c)为FeCoNiCuSn-1/CNFs中五种元素的比例图,所述元素比例通过电感耦合等离子体发射光谱测得,从图1(c)中可以看出Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Sn的原子比例均在5%-35%之间,符合高熵合金的标准。图1(d)为FeCoNiCuSn-1/CNFs的元素分布图,图1(d)表明Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Sn均匀分布在整个颗粒中,证实了高熵合金纳米颗粒的形成。
微观结构表征
图2为FeCoNiCuSn-1/CNFs的X射线衍射图(XRD)。由图2可以看出FeCoNiCuSn-1/CNFs在43.5°和50.7°处的峰分别对应于FeCoNiCuSn HEA的(111)和(220)面,证实了FeCoNiCuSn形成了单一的FCC相,从而进一步证明FeCoNiCuSn HEA的形成。
电催化性能测试
电催化在1M KOH中以标准三电极体系测量。以制备的铁钴镍铜锡高熵合金纳米材料作 为工作电极,饱和甘汞电极作为参比电极,碳棒作为对电极在普通电解池中进行测试。测试使用辰华CHI660E电化学工作站进行测试。对于析氢过程,极化曲线使用线性扫描伏安法,扫描电压区间为0~-0.6V;对于析氧过程,扫描电压区间为0-0.6V。Pt/C电极和IrO
2购于天津艾达恒晟科技发展有限公司,测试方法同上,不同之处在于将20%Pt/C电极和IrO
2电极作为工作电极进行测试。
图3展示了FeCoNiCuSn HEA/CNFs在碱性电解液1M KOH中的电催化活性。图3(a)为FeCoNiCuSn-1/CNFs和20%Pt/C电极的析氢面积活性曲线,从图中可以看出,FeCoNiCuSn-1/CNFs电极需要65mV的过电位使电流密度达到10mA cm
-2,需要286mV的过电位使电流密度达到150mA cm
-2,而20%Pt/C电极的电流密度同样达到150mA cm
-2则需要486mV,说明所制备的铁钴镍铜基高熵合金纳米材料的性能远优于20%Pt/C电极。图3(b)为FeCoNiCuSn-1/CNFs和20%Pt/C电极的析氢质量活性曲线,FeCoNiCuSn-1/CNFs电极在466mV的电位下质量活性可达到6000mA g
-1,从图中看出在高于0.4V的大电压下的电流密度明显优于20%Pt/C电极。图3(c)为FeCoNiCuSn-1/CNFs和IrO
2电极的析氧面积活性曲线,从图可以看出,FeCoNiCuSn-1/CNFs电极需要270mV的过电位使电流密度达到10mA cm
-2,需要400mV的过电位使电流密度达到150mA cm
-2,而IrO
2电极的电流密度达到150mA cm
-2则需要570mV,说明所制备的铁钴镍铜基高熵合金纳米材料的性能远优于IrO
2电极。图3(d)为FeCoNiCuSn-1/CNFs和IrO
2电极的析氢质量活性曲线,FeCoNiCuSn-1/CNFs电极在370mV的电位下质量活性可达到1000mA g
-1,而同等电压下IrO
2电极的质量活性仅有254mA g
-1,远低于FeCoNiCuSn-1/CNFs。
对比例1改变元素
制得MnZnNiCuSn/CNFs催化材料:
(1)取0.1mmol氯化锰、0.1mmol氯化锌、0.1mmol氯化镍、0.1mmol氯化铜、0.1mmol氯化锡和0.2g双氰胺加入到30g质量分数为18wt%的聚丙烯腈/N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶液中,通过磁力搅拌均匀,然后采用静电纺丝法对该溶液进行纺丝,控制纺丝电压为15kV,接收装置到放肆枕头的距离为15cm,溶液流速为0.2mL/min,得到混合纳米纤维膜。
(2)与实施例1中的步骤(2)相同,制得MnZnNiCuSn/CNFs催化材料。
表征测试:图4为MnZnNiCuSn/CNFs的STEM-EDS mapping图。从图中可以看出锰元素和铜元素主要集中在颗粒的右上部分,锌元素和锡元素主要集中在颗粒的右下部分,镍元素主要集中在颗粒的左下部分。这些元素并没有均匀的分散在整个颗粒中,同时表明这五种元素并没有形成均匀分散的单一相。
对比例2改变升温速率
制备FeCoNiCuSn-a/CNFs催化材料:
(1)与实施例1的步骤(1)相同;
(2)将0.5g制备好的混合纳米纤维膜放入刚玉舟中,置于管式炉的中间部位。先以5℃/min的升温速率升温到230℃,在空气氛围下保温3小时。保温结束后,在氩气氛围下,以5℃/min的速度升温至1000℃,在1000℃下保温3小时进行碳化。保温结束后在氩气的保护下降至常温,即制得催化材料,记为FeCoNiCuSn-a/CNFs。
结构表征测试:对制得FeCoNiCuSn-a/CNFs催化材料进行结构测试,图5为升温速率为5℃制备的FeCoNiCuSn-a/CNFs的X-射线衍射图,由图5可以看出,X射线衍射图中出现了很多杂峰,且这些峰并不是(111)和(200)晶面,表明较低的升温速率并不能形成高熵合金。
对比例3改变元素比例
(1)取1mmol氯化铁、0.3mmol氯化钴、0.2mmol氯化镍、0.6mmol氯化铜、0.1mmol氯化锡和0.2g双氰胺加入到30g质量分数为18wt%的聚丙烯腈/N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶液中,通过磁力搅拌均匀,然后采用静电纺丝法对该溶液进行纺丝,控制纺丝电压为15kV,接收装置到放肆枕头的距离为15cm,溶液流速为0.2mL/min,得到混合纳米纤维膜。
(2)与实施例1中的步骤(2)相同,制得的催化材料记为FeCoNiCuSn-2/CNFs。
电催化测试:电催化的测试的方法与实施例1中的测试方法相同。
如图6所示,析氢反应中,在达到10mA cm
-2的电流密度时,实施例1中的铁钴镍铜锡高熵合金材料仅需要65mV,而本实施例中制备的催化材料则需要110mV,这表明元素比例对合金材料的析氢性能会有很大影响。
对于析氧反应,在达到10mA cm
-2的电流密度时,实施例1中的铁钴镍铜锡高熵合金材料仅需要110mV,而本实施例中制备的催化材料则需要190mV,这表明元素比例对合金材料的析氧性能同样会有很大影响。
对比例4未加入双氰胺
(1)取1mmol氯化铁、0.3mmol氯化钴、0.2mmol氯化镍、0.6mmol氯化铜和0.1mmol氯化锡加入到30g质量分数为18wt%的聚丙烯腈/N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶液中,通过磁力搅拌均匀,然后采用静电纺丝法对该溶液进行纺丝,控制纺丝电压为15kV,接收装置到放肆枕头的距离为15cm,溶液流速为0.2mL/min,得到混合纳米纤维膜。
(2)与实施例1中的步骤(2)相同,制得的催化材料记为FeCoNiCuSn-3/CNFs。
电催化测试:电催化的测试的方法与实施例1中的测试方法相同。
如图7所示,析氢反应中,在达到400mA cm
-2的电流密度时,实施例1中的铁钴镍铜锡高熵合金材料仅需要375mV,而本实施例中制备的催化材料则需要507mV,这表明双氰胺的加入对合金材料的析氢性能会有很大影响。
对于析氧反应,在达到500mA cm
-2的电流密度时,实施例1中的铁钴镍铜锡高熵合金材料仅需要390mV,而本实施例中制备的催化材料则需要540mV,这表明双氰胺的加入对合金材料的析氧性能同样会有很大影响。
虽然本发明已以较佳实施例公开如上,但其并非用以限定本发明,任何熟悉此技术的人,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内,都可做各种的改动与修饰,因此本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求书所界定的为准。
Claims (11)
- 一种铁钴镍铜基高熵合金电解水催化材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备方法包括如下步骤:(1)制备含有铁、钴、镍、铜四种元素和锡、锰、钒中一种或多种元素的纳米纤维膜:取元素铁、钴、镍、铜的前驱体,锡、锰、钒中一种或多种元素的前驱体,以及高分子材料一同加入超细碳纤维前驱体溶液中,搅拌均匀,然后采用静电纺丝法对该混合溶液进行纺丝,得到含有铁、钴、镍、铜四种元素和锡、锰、钒中一种或多种元素的纳米纤维膜;(2)制备碳纳米纤维负载铁钴镍铜基高熵合金纳米颗粒的电催化材料:将步骤(1)中制备好的纳米纤维膜进行煅烧,先以10~30℃/min的升温速率升温到230℃~280℃,在空气氛围下保温1~3小时进行预氧化;保温结束后,在惰性气体氛围下,以10~30℃/min的速度升温至800~1200℃,保温1~3小时进行碳化;保温结束后在惰性气体的保护降至常温,即制备得到碳纳米纤维负载铁钴镍铜基高熵合金纳米颗粒催化材料。
- 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中所述元素铁的前驱体为氯化铁、乙酸铁、硝酸铁、乙酰丙酮铁中的一种或几种;元素钴的前驱体为氯化钴、乙酸钴、硝酸钴、乙酰丙酮钴中的一种或几种;元素镍的前驱体为氯化镍、乙酸镍、硝酸镍、乙酰丙酮镍中的一种或几种;元素铜的前驱体为氯化铜、乙酸铜、硝酸铜、乙酰丙酮铜中的一种或几种;元素锡的前驱体为氯化锡、四乙酸锡中的一种或两种;元素锰的前驱体为氯化锰、乙酸锰中的一种或几种;元素钒的前驱体为氯化钒、乙酰丙酮钒、乙酰丙酮氧钒中的一种或几种。
- 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中的纳米纤维膜中铁、钴、镍、铜四种元素的的含量均为5-35wt%,锡、锰、钒中一种或多种元素的总含量为5-35wt%。
- 根据利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中的纳米纤维膜中铁元素:钴元素:镍元素:铜元素:锡、锰、钒中一种或多种元素的摩尔比为(1~2):(1~4):(1~4):(1~4):(1~4)。
- 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中所述的高分子材料为双氰胺。
- 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中所述超细碳纤维前驱体为聚丙烯腈、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚乙烯醇中的任意一种,或聚丙烯腈和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮的混合物,混合物中聚丙烯腈和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮的质量比为1:(0.5~2)。
- 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中所述静电纺丝的条件为:控制纺丝电压为10-30kV,接收装置到针头的距离为15-30cm,溶液流速为0.05-0.30mL/min。
- 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中所述升温速率为20℃/min。
- 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中碳纳米纤维上铁钴镍铜基高熵合金纳米颗粒的负载量为2-30wt%。
- 根据权利要求1-6任一所述方法制备得到的铁钴镍铜基高熵合金电解水催化材料。
- 一种电解水制氢的方法,其特征在于,利用了权利要求10中所述的电解水催化材料。
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