WO2020244087A1 - 车灯光学元件、车灯模组、车辆前照灯及车辆 - Google Patents

车灯光学元件、车灯模组、车辆前照灯及车辆 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020244087A1
WO2020244087A1 PCT/CN2019/105936 CN2019105936W WO2020244087A1 WO 2020244087 A1 WO2020244087 A1 WO 2020244087A1 CN 2019105936 W CN2019105936 W CN 2019105936W WO 2020244087 A1 WO2020244087 A1 WO 2020244087A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
light
vehicle
optical element
ball
vehicle lamp
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PCT/CN2019/105936
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张大攀
仇智平
祝贺
桑文慧
Original Assignee
华域视觉科技(上海)有限公司
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Priority to DE112019005799.5T priority Critical patent/DE112019005799B4/de
Priority to JP2021525808A priority patent/JP7330272B2/ja
Priority to US16/965,178 priority patent/US11708953B2/en
Publication of WO2020244087A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020244087A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S41/00—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
    • F21S41/10—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by the light source
    • F21S41/19—Attachment of light sources or lamp holders
    • F21S41/192—Details of lamp holders, terminals or connectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S41/00—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q—ARRANGEMENT OF SIGNALLING OR LIGHTING DEVICES, THE MOUNTING OR SUPPORTING THEREOF OR CIRCUITS THEREFOR, FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q1/00—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor
    • B60Q1/02—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to illuminate the way ahead or to illuminate other areas of way or environments
    • B60Q1/04—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to illuminate the way ahead or to illuminate other areas of way or environments the devices being headlights
    • B60Q1/0408—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to illuminate the way ahead or to illuminate other areas of way or environments the devices being headlights built into the vehicle body, e.g. details concerning the mounting of the headlamps on the vehicle body
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q—ARRANGEMENT OF SIGNALLING OR LIGHTING DEVICES, THE MOUNTING OR SUPPORTING THEREOF OR CIRCUITS THEREFOR, FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q1/00—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor
    • B60Q1/02—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to illuminate the way ahead or to illuminate other areas of way or environments
    • B60Q1/04—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to illuminate the way ahead or to illuminate other areas of way or environments the devices being headlights
    • B60Q1/06—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to illuminate the way ahead or to illuminate other areas of way or environments the devices being headlights adjustable, e.g. remotely-controlled from inside vehicle
    • B60Q1/068—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to illuminate the way ahead or to illuminate other areas of way or environments the devices being headlights adjustable, e.g. remotely-controlled from inside vehicle by mechanical means
    • B60Q1/0683—Adjustable by rotation of a screw
    • B60Q1/0686—Adjustable by rotation of a screw using a position indicator mounted on the headlight and permanently attached thereto
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q—ARRANGEMENT OF SIGNALLING OR LIGHTING DEVICES, THE MOUNTING OR SUPPORTING THEREOF OR CIRCUITS THEREFOR, FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q1/00—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor
    • B60Q1/02—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to illuminate the way ahead or to illuminate other areas of way or environments
    • B60Q1/04—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to illuminate the way ahead or to illuminate other areas of way or environments the devices being headlights
    • B60Q1/14—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to illuminate the way ahead or to illuminate other areas of way or environments the devices being headlights having dimming means
    • B60Q1/1415—Dimming circuits
    • B60Q1/1423—Automatic dimming circuits, i.e. switching between high beam and low beam due to change of ambient light or light level in road traffic
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S41/00—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
    • F21S41/10—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by the light source
    • F21S41/14—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by the light source characterised by the type of light source
    • F21S41/141—Light emitting diodes [LED]
    • F21S41/143—Light emitting diodes [LED] the main emission direction of the LED being parallel to the optical axis of the illuminating device
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S41/00—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
    • F21S41/10—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by the light source
    • F21S41/14—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by the light source characterised by the type of light source
    • F21S41/141—Light emitting diodes [LED]
    • F21S41/151—Light emitting diodes [LED] arranged in one or more lines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S41/00—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
    • F21S41/10—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by the light source
    • F21S41/14—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by the light source characterised by the type of light source
    • F21S41/141—Light emitting diodes [LED]
    • F21S41/151—Light emitting diodes [LED] arranged in one or more lines
    • F21S41/153—Light emitting diodes [LED] arranged in one or more lines arranged in a matrix
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S41/00—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
    • F21S41/20—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by refractors, transparent cover plates, light guides or filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S41/00—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
    • F21S41/20—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by refractors, transparent cover plates, light guides or filters
    • F21S41/24—Light guides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S41/00—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
    • F21S41/20—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by refractors, transparent cover plates, light guides or filters
    • F21S41/25—Projection lenses
    • F21S41/27—Thick lenses
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S41/00—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
    • F21S41/20—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by refractors, transparent cover plates, light guides or filters
    • F21S41/29—Attachment thereof
    • F21S41/295—Attachment thereof specially adapted to projection lenses
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S41/00—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
    • F21S41/30—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by reflectors
    • F21S41/32—Optical layout thereof
    • F21S41/322—Optical layout thereof the reflector using total internal reflection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S41/00—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
    • F21S41/30—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by reflectors
    • F21S41/37—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by reflectors characterised by their material, surface treatment or coatings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S41/00—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
    • F21S41/40—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by screens, non-reflecting members, light-shielding members or fixed shades
    • F21S41/43—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by screens, non-reflecting members, light-shielding members or fixed shades characterised by the shape thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S41/00—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
    • F21S41/40—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by screens, non-reflecting members, light-shielding members or fixed shades
    • F21S41/47—Attachment thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S45/00—Arrangements within vehicle lighting devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, for purposes other than emission or distribution of light
    • F21S45/40—Cooling of lighting devices
    • F21S45/47—Passive cooling, e.g. using fins, thermal conductive elements or openings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21W—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO USES OR APPLICATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
    • F21W2102/00—Exterior vehicle lighting devices for illuminating purposes
    • F21W2102/10—Arrangement or contour of the emitted light
    • F21W2102/13—Arrangement or contour of the emitted light for high-beam region or low-beam region
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21W—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO USES OR APPLICATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
    • F21W2102/00—Exterior vehicle lighting devices for illuminating purposes
    • F21W2102/20—Illuminance distribution within the emitted light
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21W—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO USES OR APPLICATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
    • F21W2107/00—Use or application of lighting devices on or in particular types of vehicles
    • F21W2107/10—Use or application of lighting devices on or in particular types of vehicles for land vehicles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a vehicle lighting device, in particular to a vehicle lamp optical element, and in addition, it also relates to a vehicle lamp module, a vehicle headlight and a vehicle.
  • the importance of automotive lighting systems, especially headlights, is self-evident.
  • the dazzling high beam may cause the driver to lose control of the car, which may cause unpredictable danger.
  • Automobile headlights must not only provide drivers with a wide range of vision and good visual conditions, but also affect other road participants as little as possible, and not dazzle other road participants.
  • matrix LED headlights have become one of the directions for the future development of automotive lights.
  • the light source of the matrix LED high beam is composed of multiple LEDs, which are arranged in a certain way to form an array pattern. According to the position of the vehicle and pedestrian in the front view of the vehicle, the matrix LED headlight can extinguish the LED in the corresponding area to avoid the dazzling of pedestrians or oncoming drivers.
  • a general matrix type vehicle lamp module is equipped with various optical elements.
  • the structural design of each optical element is usually complicated, and it is difficult to integrally form it. It can only be processed and installed separately, which causes the problems of complicated installation, large volume and relatively expensive manufacturing cost.
  • the Chinese invention patent with application number CN109611780A discloses a motor vehicle high-beam lighting module, in which the condenser is the primary optical element of the module, the lens is the secondary optical element of the module, and the above-mentioned condenser is a multi- It is composed of a combination of two collimating units, which rely on the collimating unit to control the exit path of the light.
  • the Chinese invention patent with application number CN109357235A discloses a matrix car light system based on flip-chip white LED chips.
  • Each flip-chip white LED chip is provided with a reflector, and each flip-chip white LED chip is provided with a corresponding guide.
  • the light beam, the reflector collects the light emitted by the corresponding flip-chip LED white light chip; the light can be shaped into a rectangular spot after being shaped by the corresponding light guide rod and then emitted through the lens.
  • the reflector, light guide post and lens cooperate.
  • each optical element is installed separately, a lot of corresponding mounting brackets need to be provided, which complicates the structure of the vehicle light module, and increases the volume of the vehicle light module as the cost of the vehicle light module increases.
  • the installation structure and installation process of the car lamp module are specifically described. Since the relative position accuracy between the various optical elements must be ensured to ensure the optical performance of the car lamp, the optical The manufacturing precision of the components and the positioning and installation precision of the lamp module are very high. Therefore, special installation structures such as installation grooves and positioning grooves are required; special components used to install various optical components, such as positioning posts, The pressure plate, mounting bracket, etc. increase the manufacturing cost.
  • matrix type vehicle lights are often bulky and expensive.
  • the matrix lamp not only requires the realization of the ADB function, but also further simplifies the structure of the lamp on this basis, reduces the cost of the lamp, and makes the price of the matrix lamp more acceptable to the public.
  • the first technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a vehicle lamp optical element, which not only has a small volume, but also has high optical precision, accurate light type, convenient installation and low cost.
  • the second technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a car lamp module, which is not only small in size, but also has high optical precision, accurate light pattern, simple dimming; fewer components and simple installation. Manufacturing and process costs are lower.
  • the third technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a vehicle headlamp, which has a small volume; high optical precision, accurate light type, simple dimming; fewer components, simple installation, and manufacturing and The process cost is low, and the light type superposition method is flexible and diverse.
  • the fourth technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a vehicle with a small volume of vehicle headlamps; high optical precision, accurate light pattern, simple dimming; fewer components, simple installation, and manufacturing and process The cost is lower.
  • a first aspect of the present invention provides an optical element for a vehicle lamp, which includes a light incident portion, a light transmission portion, and a light output portion that are sequentially connected, and the light incident portion includes a plurality of light incident surfaces that are sequentially connected along the left and right directions.
  • the light incident surface is a curved surface convex backward
  • the light exit surface is a curved surface convex forward.
  • the contour of the front end surface of the light-passing portion is located within the contour of the rear end of the light-emitting portion, so that a mounting surface can be formed on the rear-end surface of the light-emitting portion.
  • the left side and the right side of the light-transmitting part extend forward along the optical axis, and then move closer to the optical axis.
  • the height of the longitudinal section along the optical axis direction of the upper and lower sides of the light-passing portion gradually increases.
  • the peripheral side surfaces of the light-emitting portion move closer to the optical axis from back to front, so as to be able to totally reflect light to the side surface of the light-transmitting portion.
  • a matting coating or a light-shielding component is provided on the surface of the light-passing part.
  • the optical element of the vehicle lamp is integrally formed.
  • a second aspect of the present invention provides a vehicle lamp module, which includes a bracket, a circuit board provided with a light source, and a radiator, and further includes the vehicle light optical element according to any one of the technical solutions of the first aspect.
  • the light-transmitting part of the element is arranged in the accommodating cavity formed by the bracket, one end of the bracket is fixedly connected with the circuit board and the heat sink in turn, and the other end is connected with the mounting surface of the light-emitting part.
  • the bracket is an integral structure or a detachable structure to form an accommodating cavity for accommodating the light-transmitting part.
  • the vehicle light module further includes a dimming mechanism, which includes a first ball screw, a second ball screw, a third ball screw, a fixing frame, and a ball screw.
  • the screws are respectively corresponding to the ball nuts, the fixing frame and the radiator are connected by the ball screws, wherein the ball head connecting lines of the first ball screw and the second ball screw are along the left and right Extending in the direction, the ball head connecting center line of the second ball head screw and the third ball head screw extends in the up and down direction.
  • a third aspect of the present invention provides a vehicle headlight, including the vehicle light module according to any one of the technical solutions of the second aspect, and the vehicle light modules are arranged in a longitudinal, lateral, or oblique arrangement.
  • a fourth aspect of the present invention provides a vehicle, including the vehicle headlamp according to any one of the technical solutions of the third aspect.
  • the optical system has high precision. Only one optical element of the vehicle light is required, no separate primary optical element and lens are required.
  • the structure of the optical element of the vehicle light is not complicated, and its manufacturing accuracy is easy to ensure, and the manufacturing accuracy of the vehicle light optical element meets the requirements In the case of assembling, it is only necessary to ensure the relative position accuracy of an optical element and the light source, and there is no need to meet the relative position accuracy between many optical elements and the light source, so that the optical system has high accuracy;
  • the dimming difficulty is small, only the relative position accuracy between the optical element of a car light and the light source needs to be ensured. Compared with the more complicated optical system that requires more dimming designs in the prior art, the dimming difficulty is less;
  • stray light is greatly eliminated.
  • setting the matting coating around the light-passing part or setting the peripheral side of the light-passing part as a low-reflectivity structure with very low reflectivity and providing light-shielding components at the same time setting the peripheral side of the light-emitting part as a total reflection surface, so that the light cannot It is emitted from the side of the optical element of the vehicle light, and at the same time, only a small part of the light is emitted after being reflected from the side, which basically eliminates stray light and ensures the quality of the light shape.
  • Fig. 1 is one of the structural schematic diagrams of an embodiment of the optical element of the vehicle lamp of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the light-incident surface and the light-exit surface of an embodiment of the optical element of the vehicle lamp of the present invention
  • Fig. 3 is the second structural diagram of an embodiment of the optical element of the vehicle lamp of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the optical component of a vehicle lamp of the present invention and a schematic diagram of its optical path;
  • Fig. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view of an embodiment of the optical element of a vehicle lamp of the present invention and a schematic diagram of its optical path;
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of an embodiment of the vehicle lamp module of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the vehicle lamp module of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of the vehicle lamp module of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a transverse cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the lamp module of the present invention.
  • Fig. 10 is a longitudinal sectional view of an embodiment of the lamp module of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of the vehicle lamp module of the present invention.
  • Fig. 12 is a schematic structural view of another embodiment of the optical element of the vehicle lamp of the present invention.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; It is a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediary, and it can be a communication between two elements or an interaction relationship between two elements.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; It is a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediary, and it can be a communication between two elements or an interaction relationship between two elements.
  • the optical element of the vehicle lamp in the basic technical solution of the present invention includes a light incident portion 11, a light transmission portion 12, and a light output portion 13, which are sequentially connected.
  • the light incident portion 11 includes a plurality of The light-incident surfaces 14 connected in the left-right direction are successively curved, and the light-incident surface 14 is a curved surface protruding backward, and the light-emitting surface 15 is a curved surface protruding forward.
  • each focal point of the light incident surface 14 protruding backward along the optical axis corresponds to a light source 2.
  • the light emitting portion 13 can be set as a grid-like structure to facilitate dimming.
  • the grid-like structure is formed by connecting a plurality of convex curved surfaces.
  • the light diffusion direction can be controlled by adjusting the grid size, usually the area of a single grid The larger the light, the more obvious the diffusion. You can select a suitable grid area to deal with according to actual needs to improve the uniformity of the emitted light shape and weaken the dispersion.
  • the contour of the front end surface of the light-passing portion 12 is located within the contour of the rear end of the light-emitting portion 13 so as to be able to form a mounting surface 16 on the rear-end surface of the light-emitting portion 13.
  • the mounting surface 16 can be matched with the mounting bracket 3 to make the car light module look more beautiful and install It is more convenient, and it can prevent a part of the light from being emitted to the peripheral sides of the light-emitting portion 13, so as to prevent it from being emitted from the peripheral side of the light-emitting portion 13 or reflected to the light-emitting surface 15 of the light-emitting portion 13 through the peripheral sides of the light-emitting portion 13, forming stray light .
  • the left and right sides of the light-passing portion 12 extend forward along the optical axis, and then move closer to the optical axis, forming a low reflectivity structure .
  • part of the light is usually directly emitted from the side surface of the optical element 1 of the car light or reflected by the side surface and then refracted by the light exit surface 15 of the light exit portion 13, forming a lot of stray light, which affects the optical performance of the car light shape. .
  • the light-passing portion 12 is provided with the above-mentioned low-reflectivity structure, and the incident angle of the light incident on the left side and the right side of the light-passing portion 12 is small, so that the left side of the light-passing portion 12 and The reflectivity on the right side is very low. This effectively reduces the stray light formed by the light beams incident on the left and right sides of the light-passing portion 12 and reflected to the light-emitting surface 15 of the light-emitting portion 13.
  • the height of the longitudinal section along the optical axis direction of the upper and lower sides of the light-transmitting portion 12 gradually increases, forming a triangular-like structure. This is because the light incident surfaces 14 of the light incident portion 11 are connected in a row along the left and right directions. Therefore, the rear end of the vehicle light optical element 1 can be made small in the vertical direction, which saves material costs and further reduces the vehicle The volume of the lamp optical element 1. Under this preferred structure, almost no light is incident on the upper and lower sides of the light-passing portion 12, so there is almost no stray light reflected from the upper and lower sides of the light-passing portion 12 to the light-emitting surface 15 of the light-emitting portion 13.
  • the above-mentioned structure of the light-passing portion 12 can block part of the light emitted to the peripheral side of the light-emitting portion 13, so that the light emitted to the peripheral side of the light-emitting portion 13 can be totally reflected, and further, the peripheral side of the light-emitting portion 13 is from the rear Move forward towards the direction close to the optical axis, so that the totally reflected light can be totally reflected to the opposite side of the light emitting portion 13 through the light emitting surface 15 of the light emitting portion 13, and finally to the side of the light transmitting portion 12. As shown in FIG.
  • the light-transmitting part 12 having the above-mentioned longitudinal cross-section directly emits most of the light from the light source 2 directly from the light-emitting surface 15 of the light-emitting part 13, and a small part of the light is emitted to the side surface of the light-emitting part 13.
  • the upper (lower) side of the light-emitting portion 13 is arranged obliquely, so that the light that is totally reflected to the light-emitting surface 15 can be totally reflected to the lower (upper) side of the light-emitting portion 13, and then totally reflected from the lower (upper) side to the pass
  • the upper (lower) side of the light portion 12 has a small incident angle, so there is basically no light reflected to the light emitting surface 15 to form stray light.
  • this structure cannot effectively eliminate the stray light refracted to the outside by the side surface of the light-passing portion 12, and light-shielding components can be arranged on the side surface of the light-passing portion 12 to prevent the light from reaching the outside.
  • the matting coating can be coated with matt black paint, or the surface can be provided with skin texture and coated with ordinary black paint.
  • the light-transmitting portion 12 is not limited to the above-mentioned structure. In order to meet the needs of the shape of the vehicle lamp or to further simplify the structure of the vehicle lamp optical element 1 to reduce costs, it can also be set in a rectangular, cylindrical shape, etc. Or, freely combine the above-mentioned triangular-like structures, low-reflectivity structures and common geometric structures such as rectangles, cylinders, etc., and eliminate stray light by arranging a matte coating or shading component on the surface of the light-passing portion 12.
  • the vehicle light optical element 1 is integrally formed, and the material can be transparent plastic, silica gel, glass, etc., and the plastic can be PMMA or PC.
  • the structures of the light entrance portion 11, the light transmission portion 12, and the light exit portion 13 of the vehicle lamp optical element 1 of the present invention are relatively simple, which can meet the process requirements of integral molding.
  • the vehicle light optical element 1 is integrally formed, which not only ensures the relative position accuracy of the light entrance portion 11 and the light exit portion 13, but also simplifies the installation structure and the installation process, and reduces the manufacturing cost.
  • the optical element 1 of the vehicle lamp in the preferred embodiment of the present invention is integrally formed, and includes a light entrance portion 11, a light transmission portion 12, and a light exit portion 13, which are sequentially connected. It includes a plurality of light-incident surfaces 14 sequentially connected in the left-right direction.
  • the light-incident surface 14 is a curved surface that protrudes backward
  • the light-emitting surface 15 is a curved surface that protrudes forward.
  • the light-emitting surface 15 of the light-emitting portion 13 Can be set as a grid structure to facilitate dimming.
  • the contour of the front end surface of the light-transmitting portion 12 is located within the contour of the rear end of the light-emitting portion 13, so that a mounting surface 16 can be formed on the rear-end surface of the light-emitting portion 13, and the mounting surface 16 is connected to the vehicle lamp module.
  • the bracket 3 cooperates, the left side and the right side of the light-transmitting portion 12 extend forward along the optical axis, and then move closer to the direction of the optical axis to form a low reflectivity structure.
  • the height of the longitudinal section along the optical axis direction of the side and the lower side gradually increases, forming a triangular-like structure, and shading parts are arranged on the peripheral side of the light-passing part 12 to prevent light from being emitted from the side of the light-passing part 12 to the outside.
  • the structure of the light incident portion 11, the light transmitting portion 12, and the light output portion 13 of the vehicle light optical element 1 in this preferred embodiment is relatively simple, so that the vehicle light optical element 1 can be integrally formed.
  • the structure of the vehicle light optical element 1 is very simple, but The same as the above-mentioned optical components of the vehicle light, it can be applied to the matrix type vehicle light, and it can cooperate with the control system and other vehicle light components to realize the ADB function, and has the advantages of small size, low cost, convenient installation, and accurate light type.
  • the vehicle light module disclosed in the present invention includes a bracket 3, a circuit board 4 provided with a light source 2, a radiator 5, and also includes the vehicle light optical element 1 according to any one of the above technical solutions.
  • the light-transmitting portion 12 of the vehicle light optical element 1 is arranged in the accommodating cavity formed by the bracket 3, one end of the bracket 3 is fixedly connected to the circuit board 4 and the radiator 5 in turn, and the other end is connected to the light emitting portion 13 of the mounting surface 16 is connected.
  • the light source 2 corresponds to the focal point of each light incident surface protruding backward, and each light source 2 can be independently lit and turned off, and the light source 2 can be an LED light source.
  • One end of the bracket 3 is sequentially fixedly connected with the circuit board 4 and the heat sink 5 through a threaded connector 8.
  • a positioning pin 7 is also provided on the mounting bracket 3.
  • the circuit board 4 and the heat sink 5 are provided There is a positioning hole that matches with the positioning pin 7.
  • the other end of the bracket 3 can be fixed with the mounting surface 16 through silica gel.
  • the vehicle lamp module has a simple structure and fewer installation parts. During the installation process, only the position of the light source 2 relative to the vehicle lamp optical element 1 needs to be ensured, and the dimming difficulty is small.
  • the bracket 3 is an integral structure or a detachable structure to form an accommodating cavity for accommodating the light-transmitting part 12.
  • the structure of the bracket 3 can be matched with the structure of the above-mentioned vehicle light optical element 1. If the light-transmitting part 12 of the vehicle light optical element 1 has a rectangular or cylindrical structure, the support 3 may be an integral structure with the light-transmitting part 12 Direct socket installation; if it is difficult to directly socket the structure of the light-transmitting part 12 of the light optical element 1, the bracket 3 can be a detachable structure. As shown in FIG. 8, the bracket 3 contains the cavity and the light-transmitting part.
  • the shapes of 12 are matched, and the bracket 3 is assembled to surround the light-transmitting portion 12, and then the detachable bracket 3 is fixed by a threaded connector 8 to stably support the optical element 1 of the vehicle light.
  • the bracket 3 can function as a light-shielding component, and the bracket 3 made of opaque material is used to save the cost of installing a matte coating.
  • the above-mentioned bracket 3 and the optical element 1 of the vehicle light can be made into an integral piece, referring to Fig. 11 and Fig. 12 to reduce the number of parts and facilitate assembly.
  • the one-piece can be molded by two-color injection molding.
  • the outer bracket 3 part adopts light-absorbing material.
  • the bracket 3 part can prevent the light incident on its surface from exiting from the side.
  • the low-reflectivity side surface of the vehicle lamp optical element 1 can greatly reduce the stray light reflected by the side surface of the light-passing portion 12 and then emitted from the light-emitting surface 15 of the light-emitting portion 13, wherein the material of the light-absorbing portion can be black PC material.
  • the car light module also includes a dimming mechanism 6, which includes a first ball screw 61, a second ball screw 62, a third ball screw 63, a fixing frame 65 and the corresponding ball screw A ball nut 64, the fixing frame 65 and the radiator 5 are connected by the ball screw, wherein the ball ends of the first ball screw 61 and the second ball screw 62 are connected along the center line Extending in the left-right direction, the ball-end connecting line of the second ball-end screw 62 and the third ball-end screw 63 extends in the up-down direction.
  • the dimming principle is: rotating the third ball screw 63 can make the third ball screw 63 move back and forth.
  • the first ball screw 61 and the second ball screw 62 are fixed to make the lamp module
  • the first ball screw 61 and the second ball screw 62 are rotated around the center line of the ball head to achieve up and down dimming; rotating the first ball screw 61 can move the first ball screw 61 back and forth.
  • the second ball head screw 62 and the third ball head screw 63 are fixed, so that the above-mentioned car lamp module can be rotated around the center line of the second ball head screw 62 and the third ball head screw 63 as the axis to realize left and right adjustment.
  • Light The dimming mechanism 6 further reduces the dimming difficulty of the vehicle lamp module.
  • the car light module in the preferred embodiment of the present invention includes a bracket 3, a circuit board 4 provided with a light source 2, a radiator 5, and the car light optical element described in any of the above technical solutions 1.
  • the detachable split bracket 3 tightly wraps the light-passing portion 12 of the vehicle light optical element 1 and then connects and fixes the split bracket 3 with screws. Insert the positioning pins 7 on the bracket 3 into the positioning holes on the circuit board 4 and the radiator 5 for preliminary positioning.
  • One end of the bracket 3 is fixedly connected to the circuit board 4 and the radiator 5 through the threaded fastener 8, and the other end passes through
  • the silicone is connected to the mounting surface 15 of the optical element 1 of the vehicle light.
  • the vehicle lamp module further includes a dimming mechanism 6.
  • the vehicle light module has fewer components, is highly compact, has a higher degree of integration, and has a smaller overall volume; the installation is more convenient, and only the vehicle light optical element 1 and The relative position of the light source 2; the precision of the optical system is high, because only one vehicle light optical element 1 is required, and the structure of the vehicle light optical element 1 is not complicated, and its manufacturing accuracy is easy to ensure, making the optical system high in accuracy; Lower, the parts and structure of the lamp module are simple, the quantity is small, and the manufacturing cost is lower.
  • the vehicle headlight disclosed in the present invention includes the vehicle light module according to any one of the above technical solutions, and the vehicle light modules are arranged in a longitudinal, lateral, or oblique arrangement to meet the needs of different vehicle light shapes.
  • the on-board system automatically and individually controls the opening and closing of each LED light source in the car light module, and subdivides the high-beam lighting area into multiple lighting areas.
  • the bracket 3 of the vehicle lamp module is only arranged around the light-transmitting part 12, and only the light-emitting part 13 is exposed, which ensures the transparency and aesthetics of the exposed outer part of the vehicle light.
  • the vehicle disclosed in the present invention including the vehicle headlamp according to any one of the above technical solutions, adopts all the technical solutions of all the above embodiments, and therefore has at least all the beneficial effects brought by the technical solutions of the above embodiments.

Abstract

车辆照明装置，具有车灯光学元件(1)，包括依次相连的入光部(11)、通光部(12)和出光部(13)，入光部(11)包括多个沿左右方向依次连接的入光面(14)，入光面(14)为沿光轴方向向后凸出的曲面，出光面(15)为沿光轴方向向前凸出的曲面。一种车灯模组、车辆前照灯和车辆。该车灯光学元件(1)不仅体积较小，而且，光学精度高、光型准确、安装方便且成本较低。

Description

车灯光学元件、车灯模组、车辆前照灯及车辆 技术领域
本发明涉及车辆照明装置，具体地涉及一种车灯光学元件，另外，还涉及一种车灯模组、车辆前照灯和车辆。
背景技术
对于夜间驾驶而言，汽车照明系统尤其是前照灯的重要性不言而喻。在汽车高速行驶中，眩目的远光灯有可能导致驾驶员失去对汽车的控制，进而发生不可预知的危险。汽车前照灯不仅要为驾驶员提供宽广的视觉范围和良好的视觉条件，而且还要尽可能少的影响其他道路参与者，不使其他道路参与者产生眩目。随着技术发展，矩阵式LED大灯成为了汽车车灯未来发展的方向之一。矩阵式LED远光灯的光源由多颗LED组成，这些LED按照一定方式的排列形成阵列图形。根据车辆前方视野中的车辆、行人位置，矩阵式LED前照灯可以熄灭对应区域的LED，以避免行人或对向驾驶员的眩目。
现有技术中，一般矩阵式的车灯模组都设置多种光学元件。为了保证光线利用率、控制光型，通常将各个光学元件的结构设计的较为复杂，难以一体成型，只能分开加工和安装，引起安装复杂，车灯体积较大且造价较为昂贵的问题。申请号CN109611780A的中国发明专利公开了一种机动车远光照明模组，其中，聚光器为该模组的初级光学元件，透镜为该模组的次级光学元件，上述聚光器为多个准直单元组合而成，依靠准直单元控制光线的出射路径，因此该聚光器结构较为复杂，单独生产较为合理。申请号CN109357235A的中国发明专利公开了一种基于倒装LED白光芯片的矩阵车灯系统，每个倒装LED白光芯片均对应设置一个反光罩，每个 倒装LED白光芯片的上方对应设置一个导光柱，反光罩收拢对应倒装LED白光芯片发射出的光线；光线经对应导光柱整形后可以形成矩形光斑再经透镜射出。所述反光罩、导光柱和透镜配合作用，虽然反光罩、导光柱和透镜的结构都比较简单，但三者难以一体成型，仍然需要分别进行安装。
由于分别安装各个光学元件，需要设置很多相应的安装支架，这使得车灯模组的结构复杂化，在车灯模组成本增加的同时也使车灯模组的体积增大了。在上述的申请号CN109611780A的中国发明专利中，具体描述了车灯模组的安装结构和安装过程，由于要保证各个光学元件之间的相对位置精度以保证车灯的光学性能，需要所述光学元件的制造精度和车灯模组的定位、安装精度很高，因此，需要设置特殊的安装结构，如安装槽、定位槽等；用于安装各种光学元件的特殊零部件，如定位柱、压板、安装支架等，增加了制造成本。
如上所述，为了追求精准的光型、多样化的光型叠加方式，矩阵式车灯往往体积较大且价格昂贵。但是，矩阵式车灯不仅仅要求实现ADB功能，更要在此基础上进一步简化车灯结构，降低车灯成本，使矩阵式车灯的价格更易为大众所接受。
鉴于现有技术的上述缺陷，需要设计一种新型的车灯光学元件。
发明内容
本发明要解决的第一个技术问题是提供一种车灯光学元件，该车灯光学元件不仅体积较小，而且光学精度高、光型准确、安装方便且成本较低。
本发明要解决的第二个技术问题是提供一种车灯模组，该车灯模组不仅体积较小，而且光学精度高、光型准确、调光简单；构成零件较少、安装简单，制造和工艺成本较低。
本发明要解决的第三个技术问题是提供一种车辆前照灯，该车辆前照 灯体积较小；光学精度高、光型准确、调光简单；构成零件较少、安装简单，制造和工艺成本较低，而且，光型叠加方式灵活多样。
本发明要解决的第四个技术问题是提供一种车辆，该车辆的车辆前照灯体积较小；光学精度高、光型准确、调光简单；构成零件较少、安装简单，制造和工艺成本较低。
为了实现上述目的，本发明第一方面提供一种车灯光学元件，包括依次相连的入光部、通光部和出光部，所述入光部包括多个沿左右方向依次连接的入光面，所述入光面为向后凸出的曲面，所述出光面为向前凸出的曲面。
优选地，所述通光部的前端面的轮廓位于所述出光部的后端部的轮廓内，以能够在出光部的后端面上形成安装面。
优选地，所述通光部的左侧面和右侧面沿光轴方向向前延伸，再向靠近光轴的方向靠拢。
作为本发明的一个优选结构形式，所述通光部的上侧面和下侧面沿光轴方向的纵向截面的高度逐渐增大。
作为本发明的一个优选结构形式，所述出光部的四周侧面由后向前的向靠近光轴的方向靠拢，以能够将光线全反射至所述通光部的侧面。
优选地，所述通光部表面设置消光涂层或遮光部件。
具体地，所述车灯光学元件为一体成型。
本发明第二方面提供一种车灯模组，包括支架、设有光源的电路板、散热器，还包括第一方面技术方案中任一项所述的车灯光学元件，所述车灯光学元件的通光部设置在所述支架形成的容置腔内，所述支架的一端依次与所述电路板、散热器固定连接，另一端与所述出光部的安装面连接。
优选地，所述支架为一体结构或可拆分结构，以形成容置所述通光部的容置腔。
作为一种具体地结构形式，所述车灯模组还包括调光机构，所述调光 机构包括第一球头螺杆、第二球头螺杆、第三球头螺杆、固定架和与球头螺杆分别对应的球头螺母，所述固定架与所述散热器通过所述球头螺杆连接，其中，所述第一球头螺杆和所述第二球头螺杆的球头连心线沿左右方向延伸，所述第二球头螺杆和所述第三球头螺杆的球头连心线沿上下方向延伸。
本发明第三方面提供一种车辆前照灯，包括第二方面技术方案中任一项所述的车灯模组，所述车灯模组按照纵向、横向、或者倾斜排列分布。
本发明第四方面提供一种车辆，包括第三方面技术方案中任一项所述的车辆前照灯。
通过本发明的基本技术方案，即能具备以下有益效果：
1、体积较小。作为车灯光学元件，只需要对应的光源便可输出所需要的光型，将传统技术方案中所需的各级光学元件集成化，体积较小；
2、安装简单。除了光源，车灯光学元件只有一个，在安装上，只需保证该车灯光学元件和光源之间的位置精度即可，无需调节复杂的光学系统，使得安装工艺简单；
3、光学系统精度高。仅需设置一个车灯光学元件，不需要设置分体的初级光学元件和透镜，该车灯光学元件的结构也并不复杂，其制造精度较易保证，该车灯光学元件的制造精度符合要求的情况下，在装配时，只需确保一个光学元件和光源的相对位置精度，无需满足较多光学元件和光源之间的相对位置精度，使得光学系统精度高；
4、调光难度小，只需保证一个车灯光学元件和光源之间的相对位置精度即可，相比现有技术需要较多调光设计的较复杂的光学系统，调光难度小；
5、成本较低。结构简单并且零件数量较少，使得制造和工艺成本都较低。
另外，在本发明的优选方式下，杂散光大大消除。通过在通光部四周 设置消光涂层或者将通光部的四周侧面设置为反射率很低的低反射率结构并设置遮光部件，同时将出光部的四周侧面设置为全反射面，使得光线不能从该车灯光学元件的侧面射出，同时，只有很少一部分光线经侧面反射后射出，基本消除了杂散光，保证了光形的质量。
有关本发明的其他优点以及优选实施方式的技术效果，将在下文的具体实施方式中进一步说明。
附图说明
图1是本发明车灯光学元件的一个实施例的结构示意图之一；
图2是本发明车灯光学元件的一个实施例的入光面和出光面的结构示意图；
图3是本发明车灯光学元件的一个实施例的结构示意图之二；
图4是本发明车灯光学元件的一个实施例的横向断面图及其光路示意图；
图5是本发明车灯光学元件的一个实施例的纵向断面图及其光路示意图；
图6是本发明车灯模组的一个实施例的分解结构示意图；
图7是本发明车灯模组的一种实施方式的结构示意图；
图8是本发明车灯模组的另一种实施方式的结构示意图；
图9是本发明车灯模组的一个实施例的横向断面图；
图10是本发明车灯模组的一个实施例的纵向断面图；
图11是本发明车灯模组的又一种实施方式的结构示意图；
图12是本发明车灯光学元件的另一个实施方式的结构示意图。
附图标记说明
1    车灯光学元件      11    入光部
12   通光部                    13    出光部
14   入光面                    15    出光面
16   安装面
2    光源                      3    支架
4    电路板                    5    散热器
6    调光机构                  61   第一球头螺杆
62   第二球头螺杆              63   第三球头螺杆
64   球头螺母                  65   固定架
7    定位销                    8    螺纹连接件
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式进行详细说明。应当理解的是，此处所描述的具体实施方式仅用于说明和解释本发明，并不用于限制本发明。
在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或者是一体连接；可以是直接连接，也可以是通过中间媒介间接连接，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
需要理解的是，沿光线出射方向，“前”是指出光部所在端，“后”是指入光部所在端，“左”是指沿光线出射方向的左侧，“右”是指沿光线出射方向的右侧，“上”是指沿光线出射方向的上方，“下”是指沿光线出射方向的下方，术语为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。
参考如图1、图2和图3，本发明基础技术方案中的车灯光学元件，包 括依次相连的入光部11、通光部12和出光部13，所述入光部11包括多个沿左右方向依次连接的入光面14，所述入光面14为向后凸出的曲面，所述出光面15为向前凸出的曲面。
在上述基础方案中，每个沿光轴方向向后凸出的入光面14的焦点处对应一个光源2，光线经入光部11收集后，经通光部12进入出光部13，再由出光部13投射至前方。所述出光部13可以设为网格状结构方便调光，该网格状结构为多个凸出曲面连接而成，可以通过调整网格大小来控制光的扩散方向，通常单个网格的面积越大光的扩散就越明显，可以根据实际需要选择合适网格面积来处理，提高出射光形的均匀性并弱化色散。
优选地，所述通光部12的前端面的轮廓位于所述出光部13的后端部的轮廓内，以能够在出光部13的后端面上形成安装面16。参考图3、图6和图7，当将该车灯光学元件1安装至车灯模组中时，该安装面16可以与安装支架3相配合，使车灯模组的外观更加美观，安装更加方便，而且，可以阻止一部分光线射至出光部13的四周侧面，从而避免其从出光部13的四周侧面射出或经出光部13的四周侧面反射至出光部13的出光面15，形成杂散光。
作为一种优选地结构形式，参考图4，所述通光部12的左侧面和右侧面沿光轴方向向前延伸，再向靠近光轴的方向靠拢，形成一种低反射率结构。光线在传输过程中，通常会有部分光线从车灯光学元件1的侧面直接射出或经过侧面反射后再由出光部13的出光面15折射出，形成很多杂散光，影响车灯光形的光学性能。本发明中将通光部12设置为上述低反射率结构，入射到该通光部12的左侧面和右侧面的光线的入射角很小，使得该通光部12的左侧面和右侧面的反射率很低。有效减少射至通光部12的左侧面和右侧面的光线反射至出光部13的出光面15而形成的杂散光。
作为另一种优选地结构形式，参考图5，所述通光部12的上侧面和下侧面沿光轴方向的纵向截面的高度逐渐增大，呈类三角形结构。这是由于 入光部11的各入光面14沿左右方向连接成一排，因此，该车灯光学元件1的后端在上下方向尺寸可以做到很小，节约材料成本，进一步减小该车灯光学元件1的体积。在此优选结构下，基本没有光线射至通光部12的上侧面和下侧面，因此几乎不存在由通光部12的上侧面和下侧面反射至出光部13的出光面15的杂散光。
上述通光部12的结构能够阻挡部分射至出光部13的四周侧面的光线，使射至出光部13的四周侧面的光线能够发生全反射，进一步地，所述出光部13的四周侧面由后向前的向靠近光轴的方向靠拢，以能够将其全反射的光线经所述出光部13的出光面15全反射至相对的出光部13的侧面，最终全反射至通光部12侧面。如图5所示，具有上述纵向截面的通光部12，其将光源2的光线大部分直接由出光部13的出光面15射出，小部分光线射至出光部13的侧面。将出光部13的上(下)侧面倾斜设置，使得经其全反射至出光面15的光线能够全反射至出光部13的下(上)侧面，再由该下(上)侧面全反射至通光部12的上(下)侧面，由于入射角很小，因此，基本不会有光线经其反射至出光面15形成杂散光。如图4所示，具有上述横向截面的通光部12，其光源2的光线大部分直接由出光部13的出光面15直接射出，一部分光线射至通光部12侧面，入射到该通光部12的左侧面和右侧面的光线的入射角很小，因此所述侧面反射率很低，射至通光部12的左右侧面的光线无法反射进入出光部13；一部分光线射至出光部13的侧面，出光部13的左(右)侧面倾斜设置，使得经其全反射至出光面15的光线能够全反射至出光部13的右(左)侧面，再由该右(左)侧面全反射至通光部12的左(右)侧面，由于通光部12的左右侧面的反射率很低，因此，基本不会有光线经其反射至出光面15形成杂散光。
但是，此种结构不能有效消除通光部12的侧面折射至外界的杂散光，可以通过在通光部12四周侧面设置遮光部件来阻止光线射至外界。或者，不必将上述通光部12的侧面设置为低反射率结构，只需在通光部12的四 周侧面设置消光涂层，该消光涂层可以减少光线从通光部12的侧面反射和透射，该消光涂层可以是涂覆哑光黑漆，或者可以将表面设置皮纹并涂覆普通黑漆。
需要说明的是，所述通光部12不仅仅局限于上述结构，为满足车灯外形的需要或进一步简化该车灯光学元件1的结构以降低成本，还可以设置为矩形、圆柱形等形状，或者，将上述类三角形结构、低反射率结构与矩形、圆柱形等常见几何结构进行自由组合，通过在通光部12表面设置消光涂层或遮光部件以消除杂散光。
优选地，所述车灯光学元件1为一体成型，材料可以为透明材质的塑料、硅胶和玻璃等，塑料可用PMMA或PC。本发明车灯光学元件1的入光部11、通光部12、出光部13的结构都比较简单，可以满足一体成型的工艺性要求。该车灯光学元件1一体成型，不仅保证了入光部11和出光部13的相对位置精度，简化了安装结构和安装工艺，而且降低了制造成本。
参考图1至图5所示，本发明的优选实施例中的车灯光学元件1为一体成型，包括依次相连的入光部11、通光部12和出光部13，所述入光部11包括多个沿左右方向依次连接的入光面14，所述入光面14为向后凸出的曲面，所述出光面15为向前凸出的曲面，其中，出光部13的出光面15可以设为网格状结构方便调光。所述通光部12的前端面的轮廓位于所述出光部13的后端部的轮廓内，以能够在出光部13的后端面上形成安装面16，该安装面16与车灯模组的支架3相配合，通光部12的左侧面和右侧面沿光轴方向向前延伸，再向靠近光轴的方向靠拢，形成一种低反射率结构，所述通光部12的上侧面和下侧面沿光轴方向的纵向截面的高度逐渐增大，呈类三角形结构，并且在通光部12四周侧面设置遮光部件，阻止光线从通光部12的侧面射至外界。
该优选实施例中的车灯光学元件1的入光部11、通光部12、出光部13的结构相对简单，使得该车灯光学元件1一体成型成为可能。相较现有技 术中的光学组件采用反光罩和导光柱配合，或者，安装结构相对较为复杂的聚光器等手段以得到准确清晰的光型，该车灯光学元件1的结构非常简单，但与上述车灯光学元件一样可以适用于矩阵式车灯中，配合控制系统和其他车灯组件实现ADB功能，同时具备体积小、成本低、安装方便、光型准确的优点。
本发明公开的车灯模组，参考图6，包括支架3、设有光源2的电路板4、散热器5，还包括上述技术方案中任一项所述的车灯光学元件1，所述车灯光学元件1的通光部12设置在所述支架3形成的容置腔内，所述支架3的一端依次与所述电路板4、散热器5固定连接，另一端与所述出光部13的安装面16连接。
该光源2对应每个向后凸出的入光面的焦点，每个光源2可独立点亮、关闭，其中，光源2可以为LED光源。支架3的一端依次与所述电路板4、散热器5通过螺纹连接件8固定连接，为了便于定位，安装支架3上还设有定位销7，相应地，电路板4和散热器5上开设有与定位销7配合的定位孔。支架3另一端可以与安装面16通过硅胶固定。该车灯模组结构简单，安装零件较少，安装过程中仅需保证光源2相对于车灯光学元件1的位置即可，调光难度小。
具体地，所述支架3为一体结构或可拆分结构，以形成容置所述通光部12的容置腔。所述支架3的结构可以与上述车灯光学元件1的结构相匹配，若车灯光学元件1的通光部12为矩形、圆柱形等结构，支架3可以为一体结构与该通光部12直接套接安装；若车灯光学元件1的通光部12结构难以直接套接时，该支架3可以为可拆分结构，如图8所示，支架3容置腔与所述通光部12的形状相匹配，所述支架3拼合之后包绕通光部12，再将可拆卸支架3通过螺纹连接件8固定以稳定支撑所述车灯光学元件1。为避免光线从通光部12四周射出，支架3可以起到遮光部件的作用，使用不透光材质的支架3，节省设置消光涂层的成本。进一步的，上述支架3和 车灯光学元件1可做成一体件，参考图11、图12，以减少零部件的数量，方便组装。而为了同样实现消除杂散光的效果，可将该一体件通过双色注塑成形，外侧支架3部分采用吸光性材料，该支架3部分可阻止入射到其表面的光线从侧面射出，同时，采用上述具有低反射率侧面的车灯光学元件1可以大大减少经过通光部12的侧面反射再由出光部13的出光面15射出的杂散光，其中，吸光部材料可选用黑色PC材料。
车灯模组还包括调光机构6，所述调光机构6包括第一球头螺杆61、第二球头螺杆62、第三球头螺杆63、固定架65和与球头螺杆分别对应的球头螺母64，所述固定架65与所述散热器5通过所述球头螺杆连接，其中，所述第一球头螺杆61和所述第二球头螺杆62的球头连心线沿左右方向延伸，所述第二球头螺杆62和所述第三球头螺杆63的球头连心线沿上下方向延伸。其调光原理是：转动第三球头螺杆63，可使第三球头螺杆63前后移动，此时，第一球头螺杆61和第二球头螺杆62固定，可使上述车灯模组以第一球头螺杆61和第二球头螺杆62的球头连心线为轴线转动，实现上下调光；转动第一球头螺杆61，可使第一球头螺杆61前后移动，此时，第二球头螺杆62和第三球头螺杆63固定，可使上述车灯模组以第二球头螺杆62和第三球头螺杆63的球头连心线为轴线转动，实现左右调光。该上述调光机构6进一步减小了该车灯模组的调光难度。
参考图6至图10，本发明的优选实施例中的车灯模组包括支架3、设有光源2的电路板4、散热器5和上述技术方案中任一项所述的车灯光学元件1。可拆卸的分体式支架3，紧密包绕所述车灯光学元件1的通光部12后将所述分体支架3用螺钉连接固定。将支架3上的定位销7插入电路板4和散热器5上的定位孔中初步定位，支架3一端通过螺纹紧固件8依次与所述电路板4、散热器5固定连接，另一端通过硅胶与车灯光学元件1的安装面15连接。所述车灯模组还包括调光机构6，三个球头螺杆的一端通过球头螺母64安装于散热器5上，另一端与固定架65连接，通过调节球头 螺杆实现调光作用。如此，借助本发明的车灯光学元件1，使该车灯模组的零部件较少且高度紧凑，集成化程度较高，整体体积较小；安装更加方便，仅需车灯光学元件1和光源2的相对位置关系；光学系统精度高，因为仅需设置一个车灯光学元件1，该车灯光学元件1的结构也并不复杂，其制造精度较易保证，使得光学系统精度高；成本较低，该车灯模组的零件和结构简单、数量较少，制造成本较低。
本发明公开的车辆前照灯，包括上述技术方案任一项所述的车灯模组，所述车灯模组按照纵向、横向、或者倾斜排列分布，以适应不同的车灯造型需要。配合车载传感系统，由车载系统自动且单独控制车灯模组中各个LED光源启闭，将远光照明区域细分为多个照明区域，当车载传感系统检测到对向车道的来车时，将对应区域的LED光源关闭，有效防止了远光的炫目，并且在路面其它区域有着很好的照明效果。同时，车灯模组的支架3仅设置在通光部12的四周，裸露在外的只有出光部13，保证了该车灯裸露在外侧部分的通透性和美观性。
本发明公开的车辆，包括上述技术方案任一项所述的车辆前照灯，采用了上述所有实施例的全部技术方案，因此至少具有上述实施例的技术方案所带来的所有有益效果。
以上结合附图详细描述了本发明的优选实施方式，但是，本发明并不限于此。在本发明的技术构思范围内，可以对本发明的技术方案进行多种简单变型，包括各个具体技术特征以任何合适的方式进行组合。为了避免不必要的重复，本发明对各种可能的组合方式不再另行说明。但这些简单变型和组合同样应当视为本发明所公开的内容，均属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种车灯光学元件，其特征在于，包括依次相连的入光部(11)、通光部(12)和出光部(13)，所述入光部(11)包括多个沿左右方向依次连接的入光面(15)，所述入光面(15)为向后凸出的曲面，所述出光面(15)为向前凸出的曲面。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的车灯光学元件，其特征在于，所述通光部(12)的前端面的轮廓位于所述出光部(13)的后端部的轮廓内，以能够在出光部(13)的后端面上形成安装面(16)。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的车灯光学元件，其特征在于，所述通光部(12)的左侧面和右侧面沿光轴方向向前延伸，再向靠近光轴的方向靠拢。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的车灯光学元件，其特征在于，所述通光部(12)的上侧面和下侧面沿光轴方向的纵向截面的高度逐渐增大。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的车灯光学元件，其特征在于，所述出光部(13)的四周侧面由后向前的向靠近光轴的方向靠拢，以能够将光线全反射至所述通光部(12)的侧面。
  6. 根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的车灯光学元件，其特征在于，所述通光部(12)表面设置消光涂层或遮光部件。
  7. 根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的车灯光学元件，其特征在于，所述车灯光学元件为一体成型。
  8. 一种车灯模组，包括支架(3)、设有光源(2)的电路板(4)、散热器(5)，其特征在于，还包括根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的车灯光学元件(1)，所述车灯光学元件(1)的通光部(12)设置在所述支架(3)形成的容置腔内，所述支架(3)的一端依次与所述电路板(4)、散热器(5)固定连接，另一端与所述出光部(13)的安装面(16)连接。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的车灯模组，其特征在于，所述支架(6)为一体结构或可拆分结构，以形成容置所述通光部(3)的容置腔。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的车灯模组，其特征在于，所述车灯模组还包括调光机构(6)，所述调光机构包括第一球头螺杆(61)、第二球头螺杆(62)、第三球头螺杆(63)、固定架(65)和与球头螺杆分别对应的球头螺母(64)，所述固定架(65)与所述散热器(5)通过所述球头螺杆连接，其中，所述第一球头螺杆(61)和所述第二球头螺杆(62)的球头连心线沿左右方向延伸，所述第二球头螺杆(62)和所述第三球头螺杆(63)的球头连心线沿上下方向延伸。
  11. 一种车辆前照灯，其特征在于，包括至少一个权利要求8至10中任一项所述的车灯模组，所述车灯模组按照纵向、横向、或者倾斜排列分布。
  12. 一种车辆，其特征在于，包括权利要求11中所述的车辆前照灯。
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