WO2020140344A1 - 一种多元吸附聚羧酸减水剂及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

一种多元吸附聚羧酸减水剂及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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WO2020140344A1
WO2020140344A1 PCT/CN2019/083219 CN2019083219W WO2020140344A1 WO 2020140344 A1 WO2020140344 A1 WO 2020140344A1 CN 2019083219 W CN2019083219 W CN 2019083219W WO 2020140344 A1 WO2020140344 A1 WO 2020140344A1
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mass
parts
reducing agent
water
acid
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PCT/CN2019/083219
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French (fr)
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刘加平
严涵
杨勇
刘金芝
舒鑫
王秀梅
王衍伟
于诚
冉千平
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江苏苏博特新材料股份有限公司
南京博特新材料有限公司
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Priority to US17/272,922 priority Critical patent/US11993541B2/en
Publication of WO2020140344A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020140344A1/zh

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B24/00Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
    • C04B24/24Macromolecular compounds
    • C04B24/26Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C04B24/2641Polyacrylates; Polymethacrylates
    • C04B24/2647Polyacrylates; Polymethacrylates containing polyether side chains
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B24/00Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
    • C04B24/16Sulfur-containing compounds
    • C04B24/161Macromolecular compounds comprising sulfonate or sulfate groups
    • C04B24/163Macromolecular compounds comprising sulfonate or sulfate groups obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C04B24/165Macromolecular compounds comprising sulfonate or sulfate groups obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing polyether side chains
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B24/00Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
    • C04B24/24Macromolecular compounds
    • C04B24/26Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C04B24/2652Nitrogen containing polymers, e.g. polyacrylamides, polyacrylonitriles
    • C04B24/2658Nitrogen containing polymers, e.g. polyacrylamides, polyacrylonitriles containing polyether side chains
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B24/00Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
    • C04B24/24Macromolecular compounds
    • C04B24/26Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C04B24/2688Copolymers containing at least three different monomers
    • C04B24/2694Copolymers containing at least three different monomers containing polyether side chains
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B24/00Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
    • C04B24/24Macromolecular compounds
    • C04B24/28Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C04B24/32Polyethers, e.g. alkylphenol polyglycolether
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • C04B28/04Portland cements
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08FMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F220/00Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
    • C08F220/02Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
    • C08F220/04Acids; Metal salts or ammonium salts thereof
    • C08F220/06Acrylic acid; Methacrylic acid; Metal salts or ammonium salts thereof
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08FMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F220/00Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
    • C08F220/02Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
    • C08F220/42Nitriles
    • C08F220/44Acrylonitrile
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08FMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F220/00Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
    • C08F220/02Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
    • C08F220/52Amides or imides
    • C08F220/54Amides, e.g. N,N-dimethylacrylamide or N-isopropylacrylamide
    • C08F220/58Amides, e.g. N,N-dimethylacrylamide or N-isopropylacrylamide containing oxygen in addition to the carbonamido oxygen, e.g. N-methylolacrylamide, N-(meth)acryloylmorpholine
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08FMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F283/00Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers provided for in subclass C08G
    • C08F283/06Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers provided for in subclass C08G on to polyethers, polyoxymethylenes or polyacetals
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08FMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F283/00Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers provided for in subclass C08G
    • C08F283/06Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers provided for in subclass C08G on to polyethers, polyoxymethylenes or polyacetals
    • C08F283/065Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers provided for in subclass C08G on to polyethers, polyoxymethylenes or polyacetals on to unsaturated polyethers, polyoxymethylenes or polyacetals
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08FMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F290/00Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers modified by introduction of aliphatic unsaturated end or side groups
    • C08F290/02Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers modified by introduction of aliphatic unsaturated end or side groups on to polymers modified by introduction of unsaturated end groups
    • C08F290/06Polymers provided for in subclass C08G
    • C08F290/062Polyethers
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2103/00Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B2103/30Water reducers, plasticisers, air-entrainers, flow improvers
    • C04B2103/302Water reducers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a multi-component adsorption polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent, a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of building materials.
  • Water reducing agent is an indispensable admixture for the preparation of high-performance concrete used in these projects, and the demand for its performance has also increased.
  • the polycarboxylic acid high-performance water-reducing agent is playing an increasingly important role in large-scale projects.
  • the mainstream polycarboxylic acid water-reducing agent is still a comb-shaped polymer compound with (meth)acrylic acid as the main chain and polyethylene glycol as the side chain.
  • the type and activity of the main chain adsorption group is relatively single. The adaptability of cement, sand and coarse aggregate materials needs to be improved.
  • Patent CN107936209A reports a highly adaptable water-reducing agent based on polycondensation using aromatic derivative formaldehyde condensate as a skeleton and its preparation method, but there are relatively many side reactions in the preparation of water-reducing agent by polycondensation type reaction, which controls the reaction operation Higher requirements.
  • Patent CN108276533A reports a highly adaptable water-reducing agent containing phosphonic acid groups and its preparation method, but in this patent, the phosphonic acid group is indirectly connected to other structural units by ester bonds in a highly alkaline cement slurry Easy to hydrolyze and fail.
  • Patent CN106832147B reports a preparation method of a polycarboxylic acid water-reducing agent containing a phosphonic acid group. In this process, the preparation of the phosphonic acid-based monomer requires an acid chloride that is difficult to preserve and a large amount of toxic and corrosive hydrogen chloride gas is generated in the process.
  • the present invention provides a multi-element adsorbed polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent and a preparation method and application thereof.
  • the multi-component adsorption polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent has the characteristics of high water reduction and good adaptability.
  • the multi-component adsorbed polycarboxylic acid water-reducing agent of the present invention is composed of 30 to 60% by weight of macromolecules with multi-functional adsorbed functional groups and water.
  • the macromolecules with multi-functional adsorbed functional groups have polyethylene glycol side chains.
  • the adsorption groups of the polymer main chain of the macromolecule with multiple adsorption functional groups include carboxylic acid group, sulfonic acid group and phosphonic acid group, and the phosphoric acid group is linked to the On the main chain of macromolecules with multiple adsorbed functional groups.
  • the diversity of adsorption groups of the multi-element adsorbed polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent makes the water reducing agent well adaptable to different gelling material systems.
  • the molecular weight of the macromolecule with multiple adsorption functional groups is between 20.0 and 35.0 kDa.
  • the molecular structure of the macromolecule with multiple adsorption functional groups has the following polymer segments:
  • M 1 is hydrogen or sodium.
  • M 2 is hydrogen or sodium.
  • M 3 is hydrogen or sodium.
  • M 4 is hydrogen or sodium.
  • R 1 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
  • Y is a C1-C4 saturated alkylene group or a C2-C5 saturated linear alkyleneoxy group (-O-C2-C5-)
  • p is 15-55 number.
  • the mass ratios of the structural units 1 to 5 are 6 to 14: 2.5 to 4.5: 0 to 6: 16 to 36: 45 to 75, respectively. .
  • the weight average molecular weight of P ranges from 20.0 to 35.0 kDa.
  • the values of n1 to n5 are set so that each structural unit satisfies the above-mentioned mass ratio and weight average molecular weight range relationship.
  • each structural unit presents a random distribution.
  • the preparation method of the multi-element adsorbed polycarboxylic acid water-reducing agent uses acrylic acid, 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, maleic anhydride, acrylonitrile and unsaturated polyethylene glycol as raw materials.
  • the water-reducing agent intermediate containing cyano group and sulfonic acid group prepared by the radical copolymerization process; then under the catalysis of the sulfonic acid group in its molecule, the multi-component obtained by the nucleophilic addition of cyano group and phosphorous acid in its molecule Adsorption of polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent.
  • the specific preparation method is as follows:
  • the structure of the unsaturated polyethylene glycol E is as follows:
  • the initiator N is a water-soluble oxidative radical polymerization initiator selected from sodium, potassium, ammonium persulfate, hydrogen peroxide, and tert-butyl hydrogen peroxide.
  • the molar amount is 1.5% to 3.0% of the molar amount of all monomers in the reaction, and the mass is calculated based on this relationship.
  • the monomer mixture II is a mixture of the following 4 substances: (1) acrylic acid; (2) 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid; (3) maleic anhydride; (4 ) Acrylonitrile. After polymerization, they correspond to the precursors of structural units 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively.
  • the mass ranges of the monomers (1) to (4) are 7 to 15 parts by mass, 3 to 5 parts by mass, 0 to 6 parts by mass, and 5 to 10 parts by mass.
  • the reducing agent is a reducing agent that can generate a free radical oxidation-reduction reaction with the aforementioned initiator N, and examples include sodium bisulfite, pendant, and ascorbic acid.
  • the molar amount is 1/2 to 1/8 of the molar amount of the initiator.
  • the chain transfer agent is a C2-C6 water-soluble mercapto compound.
  • the mercapto group there may be other functional groups, for example, mercaptoethanol, mercaptopropionic acid, and mercaptoacetic acid.
  • the amount of chain transfer agent is 1.5 to 2.5% of the total molar amount of the aforementioned unsaturated polyethylene glycol macromonomer and all monomers in the monomer mixture II.
  • the intermediate macromolecule and phosphorous acid are formed into a 1,1'-aminobisphosphonic acid structure by autocatalytic nucleophilic addition in the macromolecule.
  • the sulfonic acid matrix in the macromolecule protonates the cyano group to activate it; the activated cyano group is then nucleophilically added to phosphorous acid to obtain the above structure.
  • the reaction process is as follows:
  • the molar amount of phosphorous acid is 2.0 to 2.5 times the molar amount of acrylonitrile in the step (1), and the mass is calculated from this relationship.
  • the added sodium hydroxide is in the form of a solid or an aqueous solution with a mass concentration of >20%, and the molar amount thereof is 30-100% of the total molar amount of acidic hydrogen in all acidic reactants.
  • the invention also includes the application method of the multi-component adsorption polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent, which can be used as a water reducing agent for various types of Portland cement concrete.
  • the amount of the solidified compound is 0.06 ⁇ 0.15% of the quality of the rubber material. Below this value, the effect of water reduction and dispersion is insufficient. Above this value, increasing the amount will not have obvious marginal benefits, and it is easy to bring slurry bleeding , Segregation and other negative effects.
  • the obtained multi-component adsorbed polycarboxylic acid water-reducing agent has a variety of groups with different calcium complexing activities in the molecule, and has complementary advantages, so it has the advantages of wide cement adaptability and long slump retention.
  • Figure 1 Adaptability of various examples to different concrete and sand: (a) Conch cement, different sand, slump; (b) Onoda cement, different sand, slump; (c) bleeding rate; ( d) Gas content.
  • the molecular weight of the polymer is determined by Wyatt Technology Corporation gel permeation chromatography (GPC).
  • the experimental conditions are as follows: gel column: Shodex SB806+803 two chromatographic columns connected in series; washing solution: 0.1M NaNO3 solution;
  • Mobile phase speed 1.0mL/min; injection: 20uL 0.5% aqueous solution; detector: Shodex type RI-71 differential refractive index; standard: sodium polystyrene sulfonate GPC standard (Sigma-Aldrich, molecular weight 344100, 195800, 108200 , 60000, 37500, 28200, 6900, 3000, 1400).
  • the obtained crude product solution IV-5 was dehydrated under vacuum at 100 degrees, and after cooling, the resulting solid was crushed into particles with a diameter not greater than 0.5 cm to obtain a multi-adsorbed polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent V-5.
  • This comparative example illustrates the necessity of the phosphonic acid structural unit of the water reducing agent of the present invention to improve the efficiency of the water reducing agent.
  • acrylonitrile is replaced by acrylic acid in equimolar, and the subsequent phosphonization step is omitted .
  • the process of this comparative example is based on the process of Example 3, taking 78 parts by weight of a weight average molecular weight of 1600 methyl butyl polyethylene glycol E-3, add water to make a 50% mass concentration solution, Add 1.19 parts of initiator ammonium persulfate and stir well to obtain solution I-3.
  • This comparative example illustrates the superiority of the preparation method of the phosphonic acid structural unit of the present invention over other phosphonic acid monomers in the effectiveness of the resulting water-reducing agent.
  • acrylonitrile is equimolarly replaced with a typical phosphoric acid-based monomer 2 ⁇ Methyl-2-acrylic acid-2-hydroxyethyl ester phosphate, and the subsequent phosphonization step is omitted.
  • the process of this comparative example is based on Example 3
  • This comparative example is a typical synthesis process of ester-type polycarboxylic acid water-reducing agent, the purpose is to compare the performance of the examples and typical ester-type polycarboxylic acid water-reducing agent.
  • This comparative example is a typical synthesis process of ether type polycarboxylic acid water-reducing agent, the purpose is to compare the performance of the examples and typical ether type polycarboxylic acid water-reducing agent.
  • the dispersing effect of various cements in the examples of the present invention was evaluated by the clean fluidity test.
  • the test procedure is based on the GB/T8077-2000 standard, 300g cement is used in the test, and the water-cement ratio is 0.29.
  • the cements used were benchmark cement (P.I.42.5), Onoda cement (P.II.52.5), helin cement (P.O.42.5), conch cement (P.O.42.5), and Zhongshan cement (P.O.42.5).
  • the cement components are quantitatively determined by XRD. All tests are carried out at 20 degrees. In the pure pulp fluidity test, the amount of water reducer used is 0.10%.
  • the overall better performance of the examples is due to the fact that the water-reducing agent in the examples contains a phosphonate group with a higher calcium ion complexing ability and is complementary to the gradient of complexing activity formed with the carboxysulfonic acid group, so it can better adapt
  • Example 1 has lower effectiveness in the aforementioned pulp flowability test than other examples, in this round of test, due to its shorter polyethylene glycol chain and relatively higher phosphonic acid group content; Compared with Examples 3 and 8, it has better tolerance to machine-made sand with a certain mud content, which proves the necessity of taking the value of the chain length range of the unsaturated polyethylene glycol monomer according to the present invention from the side.

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  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种多元吸附聚羧酸减水剂,其组成为30~60%wt的具有多元吸附官能团的大分子和水,所述具有多元吸附官能团的大分子有聚乙二醇侧链,其聚合物主链的吸附基团有羧酸基团、磺酸基团和膦酸基团,且所述磷酸基团通过亲核加成的方式链接到所述具有多元吸附官能团的大分子的主链上。相比于传统的聚羧酸减水剂,该减水剂在保持高减水效能的同时,对不同水泥和骨料的适应性得到明显改善,在多种不同等级的水泥中均能较好发挥减水效能,同时,对机制砂等含杂质较多的骨料耐受性较好。

Description

一种多元吸附聚羧酸减水剂及其制备方法和应用
交叉引用
本申请要求在2018年12月31日提交中国专利局、申请号为201811650978.7、发明名称为“一种多元吸附聚羧酸减水剂及其制备方法和应用”的中国专利申请的优先权,其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种多元吸附聚羧酸减水剂及其制备方法和应用,属于建筑材料技术领域。
技术背景
近年来,随着建筑工程向大型化发展、各类超高层、大跨度建筑工程日益增多。减水剂作为制备这些工程中所用的高性能混凝土所不可或缺的外加剂,对其性能的需求也随之增加。聚羧酸高性能减水剂作为目前减水剂中减水效能最强的一类,在大型工程的作用日益关键。目前主流的聚羧酸减水剂仍然是以(甲基)丙烯酸为主链、聚乙二醇为侧链的梳形高分子化合物,其主链吸附基团的类型和活性相对单一,对于不同水泥、砂和粗骨料材质的适应性有待改进,由于我国幅员辽阔,各地建材的组分和品质不尽相同,使得聚羧酸在应用中常因为与建材不适应出现效能发挥不稳定的问题。如何解决这一问题,是聚羧酸高性能减水剂开发应用中的重要课题。
近年来,业界的研究和专利报道表明,在聚羧酸中引入膦(磷)酸基,是解决聚羧酸减水剂适应性问题的有效手段。专利CN107936209A报道了一种基于缩聚的以芳香族衍生物甲醛缩合物为骨架的高适应性减水剂及其制备方法,但是缩聚型反应制备减水剂副反应相对较多,对反应操作的控制要求较高。专利CN108276533A报道了一种含有膦酸基团的高适应性减水剂及其制备方法,但该专利中,膦酸基以酯键间接与其他结构单元相连,在高碱性的水泥浆体中容易水解失效。专利CN106832147B报道了一种含膦酸基团的聚羧酸减水剂的制备方法。该过程中膦酸基单体的制备需用到较难保存的酰氯且过程中有大量的有毒、腐蚀性的氯化氢气体产生。
上述专利中膦酸基单体的制备大多要涉及较为复杂的反应以及部分产生有害三废的过程。
发明内容
在上述技术背景下,本发明提供一种多元吸附聚羧酸减水剂及其制备方法和应用。所述多元吸附聚羧酸减水剂具有减水高、适应性好的特性。
本发明所述多元吸附聚羧酸减水剂,其组成为30~60%wt的具有多元吸附官能团的大分子和水,所述具有多元吸附官能团的大分子有聚乙二醇侧链,所述具有多元吸附官能团的大分子的聚合物主链的吸附基团有羧酸基团、磺酸基团和膦酸基团,且所述磷酸基团通过亲核加成的方式链接到所述具有多元吸附官能团的大分子的主链上。所述多元吸附聚羧酸减水剂的吸附基团的多样性使得该减水剂对不同的胶凝材料体 系适应性良好。
优选地,所述具有多元吸附官能团的大分子的分子量范围在20.0~35.0kDa之间。
优选地,该具有多元吸附官能团的大分子的分子结构中具有下述聚合物链段:
(1)包含至少一个如式1所示的结构单元1:
Figure PCTCN2019083219-appb-000001
式中,M 1为氢或钠。
(2)包含至少一个如式2所示的结构单元2:
Figure PCTCN2019083219-appb-000002
式中,M 2为氢或钠。
(3)可选地,可包含如式3所示的结构单元3:
Figure PCTCN2019083219-appb-000003
式中,M 3为氢或钠。
(4)包含至少一个如式4所示的结构单元4:
Figure PCTCN2019083219-appb-000004
式中,M 4为氢或钠。
(5)包含至少一个如式5所示的结构单元5:
Figure PCTCN2019083219-appb-000005
式中,R 1为氢原子或甲基,Y为C1~C4的饱和亚烷基或C2~C5的饱和直链亚烷氧基(‐O‐C2~C5‐),p为15~55的数。
优选地,所述具有多元吸附官能团的大分子的每100份质量中,上述结构单元1~5的质量占比分别为6~14:2.5~4.5:0~6:16~36:45~75。P的重均分子量范围在20.0~35.0kDa之间。n1~n5的取值取使得各结构单元满足上述质量比例和重均分子量范围关系。
优选地,所述具有多元吸附官能团的大分子的聚合物链中,各结构单元呈现无规分布。
优选地,所述多元吸附聚羧酸减水剂的制备方法以丙烯酸、2‐丙烯酰胺‐2‐甲基丙磺酸、马来酸酐、丙烯腈和不饱和聚乙二醇为原料,由自由基共聚工艺所制备的含有氰基、磺酸基的减水剂中间体;再在其分子中磺酸基的催化下,通过其分子中氰基与亚磷酸亲核加成得到的所述多元吸附聚羧酸减水剂。
具体制备方法如下:
(1)取70~85份单位质量的不饱和聚乙二醇E,加水配成40~60%质量浓度的溶液,向其中加入引发剂N,搅拌均匀,得到溶液I,之后,在30~60度下,分别同时向溶液I中匀速滴入单体混合物II和含还原剂与链转移剂的溶液III,II滴加持续1~4h,III滴加持续1.25~5h且III的滴加时间比II长15~60min。滴加结束后,将所得粗产物溶液IV在100度真空脱去水分,冷却后将所得固体粉碎为直径不大于0.5cm的颗粒,得到中间体V。
(2)取80份的V,加入指定量的亚磷酸,混合均匀,加热至110~150度,反应8~24h后出料,加水配成30~60%质量浓度的溶液,此过程中可选择加入氢氧化钠对产物进行中和,既得所述多元吸附聚羧酸减水剂。
优选地,所述步骤(1)中,不饱和聚乙二醇E的结构如下:
Figure PCTCN2019083219-appb-000006
式中,R 1,Y,p的定义或数值范围与前述式5中的结构单元5中的定义和范围相同。
所述步骤(1)中,引发剂N为水溶性氧化性自由基聚合引发剂,选自过硫酸的钠、钾、铵盐、过氧化氢、叔丁基过氧化氢。其摩尔量为反应中所有单体摩尔量的1.5%~3.0%,其质量据此关系计算。
所述步骤(1)中,单体混合物II为以下4类物质的混合物:(1)丙烯酸;(2)2‐丙烯酰胺‐2‐甲基丙磺酸;(3) 马来酸酐;(4)丙烯腈。聚合后,其分别对应于结构单元1、2、3和结构单元4的前体。
所述单体混合物II中,前述(1)~(4)类单体的质量范围分别为7~15份质量、3~5份质量0~6份质量、5~10份质量。
还原剂为可以与前述引发剂N发生产生自由基的氧化还原反应的还原剂,举例:亚硫酸氢钠、吊白粉、抗坏血酸。其摩尔量为前述引发剂摩尔量的1/2~1/8。
所述链转移剂,为C2~C6的水溶性巯基化合物,除巯基外还可以有其他官能团,举例,巯基乙醇、巯基丙酸、巯基乙酸。链转移剂用量为前述不饱和聚乙二醇大单体和单体混合物II中所有单体总摩尔量的1.5~2.5%。
所述步骤(2)中,中间体大分子与亚磷酸通过大分子内的自催化亲核加成形成了1,1’‐氨基双膦酸结构。该反应为大分子内的磺酸基质子化氰基,令其活化;活化后的氰基再与亚磷酸亲核加成后得到上述结构。反应过程如下:
Figure PCTCN2019083219-appb-000007
图1本发明所述制备方法的化学机理
优选地,所述步骤(2)中,亚磷酸的摩尔量为步骤(1)中丙烯腈摩尔量的2.0~2.5倍,其质量由此关系计算。
优选地,所述步骤(2)中,所加氢氧化钠为固体或质量浓度>20%的水溶液形式,其摩尔量为所有酸性反应物中酸性氢总摩尔量的30~100%。
本发明还包括所述多元吸附聚羧酸减水剂的应用方法,其可作为各类硅酸盐水泥混凝土的减水剂应用。其折固掺量在胶材质量0.06~0.15%,低于此值,则减水和分散效果不足,高于此值,再增加掺量将无明显边际收益,且易带来浆体泌水、离析等负面效应。
本发明的有益之处在于:
(1)通过自催化亲核加成,以高原子效率、低三废的方式在聚羧酸中引入了结构独特、以碳碳键结合与分子链上的二膦酸基胺甲基结构。避免了酯型含磷(膦)酸基团单体水解的问题。
(2)所得多元吸附聚羧酸减水剂,其分子内具有多种不同钙络合活性的基团,优势互补,因而具有宽水泥适应性,长保坍的优势。
附图说明
图1:各实施例在对不同混凝土和砂的适应性:(a)海螺水泥,不同砂,坍落度;(b)小野田水泥,不同砂,坍落度;(c)泌水率;(d)含气量。
具体实施方式
下面将结合实施例进一步阐明本发明的内容,但本发明的内容不仅仅局限于下面的实施例中。凡根据本发明方法实质所作的等效变化或修饰,都应涵盖于本发明的保护范围之内。
本发明实施例中,聚合物的分子量采用怀雅特技术公司(Wyatt technology corporation)凝胶渗透色谱仪(GPC)测定。实验条件如下:凝胶柱:Shodex SB806+803两根色谱柱串联;洗涤液:0.1M NaNO3溶液;
流动相速度:1.0mL/min;注射:20uL 0.5%水溶液;检测器:Shodex RI‐71型示差折光;标准物:聚苯乙烯磺酸钠GPC标样(Sigma‐Aldrich,分子量344100,195800,108200,60000,37500,28200,6900,3000,1400)。
实施例1
(1)取70份质量的重均分子量为720的烯丙基聚乙二醇E‐1,加水配成40%质量浓度的溶液,向其中加入3.55份质量的引发剂过硫酸铵,搅拌均匀,得到溶液I‐1,之后,在60度下,分别同时向溶液I中匀速滴入含15份丙烯酸、5份2‐丙烯酰胺‐2‐甲基丙磺酸、10份丙烯腈的混合溶液II‐1和含0.81份质量亚硫酸氢钠与0.55份质量巯基丙酸的溶液III‐1,II‐1滴加持续2h,III‐1滴加持续2.5h。滴加结束后,将所得粗产物溶液IV‐1在100度真空脱去水分,冷却后将所得固体粉碎为直径不大于0.5cm的颗粒,得到中间体V‐1
(2)取80份质量的V‐1,加入24.8份质量的亚磷酸,混合均匀,加热至110度,反应16h后出料,加水和7.3份质量的片碱中和并配成60%质量浓度的溶液。得到多元吸附聚羧酸减水剂P‐1(重均分子量为2.16×10 4g/mol,转化率92.2%)
实施例2
(1)取74份质量的重均分子量为1200的甲基烯丙基聚乙二醇E‐2,加水配成45%质量浓度的溶液,向其中加入0.73份质量的引发剂叔丁基过氧化氢,搅拌均匀,得到溶液I‐2,之后,在45度下,分别同时向溶液I中匀速滴入含8份丙烯酸、4份2‐丙烯酰胺‐2‐甲基丙磺酸、6份马来酸酐、8份丙烯腈的混合溶液II‐2和含0.36份质量抗坏血酸与0.56份质量巯基乙酸的溶液III‐2,II‐2滴加持续1h,III‐2滴加持续1.25h。滴加结束后,将所得粗产物溶液IV‐2在100度真空脱去水分,冷却后将所得固体粉碎为直径不大于0.5cm的颗粒,得到中间体V‐2
(2)取80份质量的V‐2,加入21.8份质量的亚磷酸,混合均匀,加热至120度,反应8h后出料,加水和含12.8份质量氢氧化钠的液碱中和并配成50%溶液。得到多元吸附聚羧酸减水剂P‐2(重均分子量为2.29×10 4g/mol,转化率88.9%)
实施例3
(1)取78份质量的重均分子量为1600的甲基烯丁基聚乙二醇E‐3,加水配成50%质量浓度的溶液,向其中加入1.19份质量的引发剂过硫酸铵,搅拌均匀,得到溶液I‐3,之后,在55度下,分别同时向溶液I中匀速滴入含12份丙烯酸、4份2‐丙烯酰胺‐2‐甲基丙磺酸、6份丙烯腈的混合溶液II‐3和含0.18份质量亚硫酸氢钠与0.74份质量巯基丙酸的溶液III‐3,II‐3滴加持续3h,III‐3滴加持续3.5h。滴加结束后,将所得粗产物溶液IV‐3在100度真空脱去水分,冷却后将所得固体粉碎为直径不大于0.5cm的颗粒,得到中间体V‐3
(2)取80份质量的V‐3,加入17.5份质量的亚磷酸,混合均匀,加热至135度,搅拌反应12h后出料,加水和含13.2份质量氢氧化钠的液碱中和并配成40%溶液。得到多元吸附聚羧酸减水剂P‐3(重均分子量为2.43×10 4g/mol,转化率90.9%)
实施例4
(1)取82份质量的重均分子量为1900的乙烯基‐4‐丁氧基聚乙二醇E‐4,加水配成55%质量浓度的溶液,向其中加入0.81份质量的引发剂30%过氧化氢,搅拌均匀,得到溶液I‐4,之后,在30度下,分别同时向溶液I中匀速滴入含8份丙烯酸、4份2‐丙烯酰胺‐2‐甲基丙磺酸、6份丙烯腈的混合溶液II‐4和含0.14份质量吊白粉与0.45份质量巯基乙醇的溶液III‐4,II‐4滴加持续3.5h,III‐4滴加持续4h。滴加结束后,将所得粗产物溶液IV‐4在100度真空脱去水分,冷却后将所得固体粉碎为直径不大于0.5cm的颗粒,得到中间体V‐4
(2)取80份质量的V‐4,加入17.8份质量的亚磷酸,混合均匀,加热至140度,搅拌反应20h后出料,加水和含14.3份质量氢氧化钠的液碱中和并配成30%溶液。得到多元吸附聚羧酸减水剂P‐4(重均分子量为2.75×10 4g/mol,转化率91.2%)
实施例5
(1)取85份质量的重均分子量为2300的乙烯基‐4‐丁氧基聚乙二醇E‐5,加水配成60%质量浓度的溶液,向其中加入0.66份质量的引发剂叔丁基过氧化氢,搅拌均匀,得到溶液I‐5,之后,在35度下,分别同时向溶液I中匀速滴入含8份丙烯酸、3份2‐丙烯酰胺‐2‐甲基丙磺酸、4份丙烯腈的混合溶液II‐5和含0.32份质量抗坏血酸与0.64份质量巯基丙酸的溶液III‐5,II‐5滴加持续4h,III‐5滴加持续5h。滴加结束后,将所得粗产物溶液IV‐5在100度真空脱去水分,冷却后将所得固体粉碎为直径不大于0.5cm的颗粒,得到多元吸附聚羧酸减水剂V‐5。
(2)取80份质量的V‐5,加入12.4份质量的亚磷酸,混合均匀,加热至150度,搅拌反应24h后出料,加水配成50%溶液。得到多元吸附聚羧酸减水剂P‐5(重均分子量为3.11×10 4g/mol,转化率90.7%) 实施例6
(1)取80份质量的重均分子量为1800的甲基烯丁基聚乙二醇E‐6,加水配成50%质量浓度的溶液,向其中加入1.72份质量的引发剂过硫酸铵,搅拌均匀,得到溶液I‐6,之后,在45度下,分别同时向溶液I中匀速滴入含10份丙烯酸、5份2‐丙烯酰胺‐2‐甲基丙磺酸、5份丙烯腈的混合溶液II‐6和含0.39份质量亚硫酸氢钠与0.59份质量巯基乙醇的溶液III‐6,II‐6滴加持续2.5h,III‐6滴加持续3h。滴加结束后,将所得粗产物溶液IV‐6在100度真空脱去水分,冷却后将所得固体粉碎为直径不大于0.5cm的颗粒,得到中间体V‐6
(2)取80份质量的V‐6,加入13.6份质量的亚磷酸,混合均匀,加热至135度,搅拌反应18h后出料,加水和含5.6份质量氢氧化钠的液碱中和并配成50%溶液。得到多元吸附聚羧酸减水剂P‐6(重均分子量为2.98×10 4g/mol,转化率89.5%)
实施例7
(1)取76份质量的重均分子量为1500的甲基烯丙基聚乙二醇E‐7,加水配成45%质量浓度的溶液,向其中加入0.83份质量的引发剂30%过氧化氢,搅拌均匀,得到溶液I‐7,之后,在50度下,分别同时向溶液I中匀速滴入含13份丙烯酸、5份2‐丙烯酰胺‐2‐甲基丙磺酸、6份丙烯腈的混合溶液II‐7和含0.32份质量抗坏血酸与0.78份质量巯基丙酸的溶液III‐7,II‐7滴加持续2h,III‐6滴加持续2.5h。滴加结束后,将所得粗产物溶液IV‐7在100度真空脱去水分,冷却后将所得固体粉碎为直径不大于0.5cm的颗粒,得到中间体V‐7
(2)取80份质量的V‐6,加入18.2份质量的亚磷酸,混合均匀,加热至120度,搅拌反应12h后出料,加水和含10.3份质量氢氧化钠的液碱中和并配成50%溶液。得到多元吸附聚羧酸减水剂P‐7(重均分子量为2.70×10 4g/mol,转化率90.1%)
实施例8
(1)取76份质量的重均分子量为1500的甲基烯丙基聚乙二醇E‐8,加水配成50%质量浓度的溶液,向其中加入0.80份质量的引发剂30%过氧化氢,搅拌均匀,得到溶液I‐8,之后,在50度下,分别同时向溶液I‐8中匀速滴入含9份丙烯酸、5份2‐丙烯酰胺‐2‐甲基丙磺酸、4份质量马来酸酐、6份丙烯腈的混合溶液II‐8和含0.18份质量吊白粉与0.75份质量巯基丙酸的溶液III‐8,II‐8滴加持续2h,III‐8滴加持续2.5h。滴加结束后,将所得粗产物溶液IV‐8在100度真空脱去水分,冷却后将所得固体粉碎为直径不大于0.5cm的颗粒,得到中间体V‐8
(2)取80份质量的V‐8,加入15.6份质量的亚磷酸,混合均匀,加热至125度,搅拌反应12h后出料,加水和含12.3份质量氢氧化钠的液碱中和并配成50%溶液。得到多元吸附聚羧酸减水剂P‐8(重均分子量为2.57×10 4g/mol,转化率88.7%)
对比例1
本对比例为说明本发明所述减水剂中膦酸结构单元对于减水剂的效能提升的必要性,本对比例中,将 丙烯腈等摩尔替换为丙烯酸,并略去后续的膦酸化步骤,本对比例的工艺是基于实施例3的工艺,取78份质量的重均分子量为1600的甲基烯丁基聚乙二醇E‐3,加水配成50%质量浓度的溶液,向其中加入1.19份质量的引发剂过硫酸铵,搅拌均匀,得到溶液I‐3,之后,在55度下,分别同时向溶液I中匀速滴入含20.2份丙烯酸、4份2‐丙烯酰胺‐2‐甲基丙磺酸的混合溶液II‐3和含0.18份质量亚硫酸氢钠与0.74份质量巯基丙酸的溶液III‐3,II‐3滴加持续3h,III‐3滴加持续3.5h。滴加结束后,加入含9.6份质量氢氧化钠的液碱中和。得到减水剂P‐r1(重均分子量为2.29×10 4g/mol,转化率92.0%)
对比例2
本对比例为说明本发明膦酸结构单元制备方法在所得减水剂效能上相对于其他膦酸单体的优越性,本对比例中,将丙烯腈等摩尔替换为典型磷酸基单体2‐甲基‐2‐丙烯酸‐2‐羟乙基酯磷酸酯,并略去后续的膦酸化步骤。本对比例的工艺基于实施例3
(1)取78份质量的重均分子量为1600的甲基烯丁基聚乙二醇E‐r2,加水配成50%质量浓度的溶液,向其中加入1.19份质量的引发剂过硫酸铵,搅拌均匀,得到溶液I‐r2,之后,在55度下,分别同时向溶液I中匀速滴入含12份丙烯酸、4份2‐丙烯酰胺‐2‐甲基丙磺酸、25.8份质量2‐甲基‐2‐丙烯酸‐2‐羟乙基酯磷酸酯的混合溶液II‐r2和含0.18份质量亚硫酸氢钠与0.74份质量巯基丙酸的溶液III‐r2,II‐r2滴加持续3h,III‐r2滴加持续3.5h。滴加结束后,加入含9.6份质量氢氧化钠的液碱中和。得到减水剂P‐r2(重均分子量为2.55×10 4g/mol,转化率88.7%)
对比例3
本对比例为典型的酯型聚羧酸减水剂合成工艺,目的在于比较实施例和典型酯型聚羧酸减水剂的效能。
在带分水装置的回流反应器中加入120份质量的甲氧基聚乙二醇(Mw=1200)、10份质量的甲基丙烯酸、0.6份质量的对甲苯磺酸、0.05份质量的吩噻嗪和16份质量的甲苯,在130度下加热回流至出水1.75份质量以上后,减压除去甲苯,得甲基丙烯酸甲氧基聚乙二醇(1200)酯大单体。
在反应器中,加入60份水和0.65份质量的过氧化氢,搅拌混合均匀得到溶液I‐r1。同时将65份质量的甲基丙烯酸甲氧基聚乙二醇(1000)酯和16.5份质量的甲基丙烯酸、0.25份质量的维生素C、0.60份质量的巯基丙酸混匀,得到溶液II‐r3,在氮气保护下在40℃将溶液2匀速滴入溶液I‐r3中,2.5h滴加完毕,之后再在40℃继续反应1h,反应完毕后用液碱将所得溶液的pH调节至5‐6,得到对比例的酯型聚羧酸减水剂R3。(Mw=2.22×10 4,转化率92.3%)
对比例4
本对比例为典型的醚型聚羧酸减水剂合成工艺,目的在于比较实施例和典型醚型聚羧酸减水剂的效能。
在反应器中,加入80份质量的甲基烯丙基聚乙二醇(2000)、80份质量的水、0.60份质量的30%过氧化氢混匀,得到溶液I‐r4,将0.26份质量抗坏血酸、0.64份质量巯基丙酸、49.1份质量水混合,得溶液II‐r4。 在氮气保护下在45℃,同时分别将溶液II‐r4和14.4份质量丙烯酸匀速滴入溶液I‐r4中,其中II‐r4 3h滴加完毕,丙烯酸2.5h滴加完毕,之后再在45℃继续反应1h。反应完毕后用液碱将所得溶液的pH调节至5‐6,得到对比例的醚型聚羧酸减水剂R4。(Mw=2.69×10 4,转化率89.7%)
实施例的性能评价
水泥净浆流动度测试
首先以净浆流动度试验评价了本发明各实施例多种水泥的分散效果。试验流程依据GB/T8077‐2000标准进行,试验中使用300g水泥,水灰比0.29。所采用的水泥为基准水泥(P.I.42.5)、小野田水泥(P.II.52.5)、鹤林水泥(P.O.42.5)、海螺水泥(P.O.42.5)、钟山水泥(P.O.42.5)。水泥组分经XRD定量测定。所有测试均在20度下进行,净浆流动度测试中,所用减水剂掺量为0.10%。
表1实施例评价试验中使用的水泥的类型和组分
Figure PCTCN2019083219-appb-000008
表2各实施例及对比例对不同种类水泥净浆的减水效能
Figure PCTCN2019083219-appb-000009
以上结果表明。在掺合料含量低的基准水泥和小野田水泥中,各实施例的初始流动度和对比例3,4中的典型传统型减水剂相比,总体较优,其中R‐4和实施例中效能较低的P‐1大体相当。但在掺和料较高 的三种P.O.42,5水泥中,所有实施例的表现都要优于R‐4和R‐3。各实施例中,实施例3、7、8的效果更优。实施例总体更好的效能表现是由于实施例中减水剂含有钙离子络合能力更高的膦酸化基团,且与羧基磺酸基形成络合活性的梯度互补,因此能更好地适应不同水泥和掺合料的微观特质(如组分、表面活性等),进而表现出更好地宏观效能。
同时,上述结果显示,缺乏膦酸基团的对比例R‐1和试验酯型膦酸单体的R‐2,其效能都远不如各实施例。这说明本发明所述减水剂结构特点和制备工艺对于保证其效果的必要性
之后,进一步通过上述不同混凝土流动性以及泌水率试验测试了上述外加剂的适应性,结果如下表,测试选取上述水泥中的成分具有代表性差异的小野田和海螺水泥,砂选取的河砂和机制砂。除上述材料外,其他材料品级均遵循GB8076‐2008标准,混凝土配比亦基于该标准设计,如下表。泌水率试验流程遵照GB50080‐2016进行。由于试验变量较多,选取了上述实施例中效能较有代表性的P‐1、P‐3和P‐8,以及作为常规减水剂对比的R‐3和R‐4进行了试验,试验中,各实施例折固掺量为0.15%。混凝土配合比设计如下
表3试验所用混凝土配合比
Figure PCTCN2019083219-appb-000010
表4试验所用砂基本参数
Figure PCTCN2019083219-appb-000011
各实施例在对不同混凝土和砂的适应性的实验结果参见说明书附图1,三个典型实施例P‐1、P‐3和P‐8都表现出了较为稳定的效能发挥,且其效能都由于作为对比的R‐3和R‐4,其水泥分散效能以及所得混凝土的含气量和泌水率受水泥种类、砂料品质影响较小,而作为对比的R‐3和R‐4在杂质比较少的河砂混凝土体系尚能表现出略低于各实施例的效能,但当砂料换成有一定含泥量机制砂后,R‐3和R‐4的坍落度、泌水率以及含气量指标急剧变差,和实施例差别明显,这证实了本发明各实施例良好的水泥和骨料适应性,以及对黏土的耐受性。这种适应性源于其主链上以膦酸基为代表的钙络合活性多样化分布的吸附基团。此外,虽然实施例1在前述净浆流动性试验中效能相对其他实施例较低,但在本轮试验中、由于其聚乙二醇链较短、膦酸基团含量相对较高;表现出了相对于实施例3和8对有一定含泥量的机制砂更好地耐受性,这从侧面证实了本发明所述不饱和聚乙二醇单体链长范围取值的必要性。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种多元吸附聚羧酸减水剂,其特征在于,其组成为30~60%wt的具有多元吸附官能团的大分子和水,所述具有多元吸附官能团的大分子有聚乙二醇侧链,其聚合物主链的吸附基团有羧酸基团、磺酸基团和膦酸基团,且所述磷酸基团通过亲核加成的方式链接到所述具有多元吸附官能团的大分子的主链上。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的多元吸附聚羧酸减水剂,其特征在于,所述具有多元吸附官能团的大分子的分子量范围在20.0~35.0kDa之间。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的多元吸附聚羧酸减水剂,其特征在于,具有多元吸附官能团的大分子的分子结构中具有下述聚合物链段:
    (1)包含至少一个如式1所示的结构单元1:
    Figure PCTCN2019083219-appb-100001
    式中,M 1为氢或钠;
    (2)包含至少一个如式2所示的结构单元2:
    Figure PCTCN2019083219-appb-100002
    式中,M 2为氢或钠;
    (3)包含至少一个如式4所示的结构单元4:
    Figure PCTCN2019083219-appb-100003
    式中,M 4为氢或钠;
    (4)包含至少一个如式5所示的结构单元5:
    Figure PCTCN2019083219-appb-100004
    式中,R 1为氢原子或甲基,Y为C1~C4的饱和亚烷基或C2~C5的饱和直链亚烷氧基(‐O‐C2~C5‐),p为15~55的数。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的多元吸附聚羧酸减水剂,其特征在于,所述具有多元吸附官能团的大分子的分子结构中具有下述如式3所示的结构单元3的聚合物链段:
    Figure PCTCN2019083219-appb-100005
    式中,M 3为氢或钠。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的多元吸附聚羧酸减水剂,其特征在于,所述具有多元吸附官能团的大分子的每100份质量中,上述结构单元1~5的质量占比分别为6~14:2.5~4.5:0~6:16~36:45~75;所述具有多元吸附官能团的大分子的聚合物链中,各结构单元呈现无规分布。
  6. 权利要求1‐5中的任一项所述多元吸附聚羧酸减水剂的制备方法,其特征在于,以丙烯酸、2‐丙烯酰胺‐2‐甲基丙磺酸、马来酸酐、丙烯腈和不饱和聚乙二醇为原料,由自由基共聚工艺所制备的含有氰基、磺酸基的减水剂中间体;再在其分子中磺酸基的催化下,通过其分子中氰基与亚磷酸亲核加成得到的所述多元吸附聚羧酸减水剂。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,具体制备工艺如下:
    (1)取70~85份单位质量的不饱和聚乙二醇E,加水配成40~60%质量浓度的溶液,向其中加入引发剂N,搅拌均匀,得到溶液I,之后,在30~60度下,分别同时向溶液I中匀速滴入单体混合物II和含还原剂与链转移剂的溶液III,II持续滴加1~4h,III持续滴加1.25~5h且III的滴加时间比II长15~60min;滴加结束后,将所得粗产物溶液IV在100度真空脱去水分,冷却后将所得固体粉碎为直径不大于0.5cm的颗粒,得到中间体V;
    (2)取80份的V,加入亚磷酸,混合均匀,加热至110~150度,反应8~24h后出料,加水配成30~60%质量浓度的溶液,此过程中可加入氢氧化钠对产物进行中和,既得所述多元吸附聚羧酸减水剂;
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中,不饱和聚乙二醇E的结构如下:
    Figure PCTCN2019083219-appb-100006
    式中,R 1,Y,p的定义或数值范围与前述式5中的结构单元5中的定义和范围相同。
    所述步骤(1)中,引发剂N为水溶性氧化性自由基聚合引发剂,选自过硫酸的钠、钾、铵盐、过氧化氢、叔丁基过氧化氢;其摩尔量为反应中所有单体摩尔量的1.5%~3.0%;
    所述步骤(1)中,单体混合物II为以下4类物质的混合物:(1)丙烯酸;(2)2‐丙烯酰胺‐2‐甲基丙磺酸;(3)马来酸酐;(4)丙烯腈;
    所述单体混合物II中,前述(1)~(4)类单体的质量范围分别为7~15份质量、3~5份质量0~6份质量、5~10份质量;
    还原剂为可以与前述引发剂N发生产生自由基的氧化还原反应的还原剂,选自:亚硫酸氢钠、吊白粉、抗坏血酸;其摩尔量为前述引发剂摩尔量的1/2~1/8;
    所述链转移剂,为C2~C6的水溶性巯基化合物,选自,巯基乙醇、巯基丙酸、巯基乙酸,链转移剂用量为前述不饱和聚乙二醇大单体和单体混合物II中所有单体总摩尔量的1.5~2.5%。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)中,亚磷酸的摩尔量为步骤(1)中丙烯腈摩尔量的2.0~2.5倍。
  10. 根据权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)中,所加氢氧化钠为固体或质量浓度>20%的水溶液形式,其摩尔量为所有酸性反应物中酸性氢总摩尔量的30~100%。
  11. 权利要求1‐5中的任一项所述多元吸附聚羧酸减水剂的应用方法,其特征在于,作为各类硅酸盐水泥混凝土的减水剂应用;其折固掺量在胶材质量0.06~0.15%。
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