WO2018084009A1 - 有機エレクトロニクス材料、有機層、有機エレクトロニクス素子、有機エレクトロルミネセンス素子、表示素子、照明装置、及び表示装置 - Google Patents
有機エレクトロニクス材料、有機層、有機エレクトロニクス素子、有機エレクトロルミネセンス素子、表示素子、照明装置、及び表示装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018084009A1 WO2018084009A1 PCT/JP2017/038138 JP2017038138W WO2018084009A1 WO 2018084009 A1 WO2018084009 A1 WO 2018084009A1 JP 2017038138 W JP2017038138 W JP 2017038138W WO 2018084009 A1 WO2018084009 A1 WO 2018084009A1
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- LRGJRHZIDJQFCL-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraethylazanium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC LRGJRHZIDJQFCL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000002411 thermogravimetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- VLLMWSRANPNYQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiadiazole Chemical compound C1=CSN=N1.C1=CSN=N1 VLLMWSRANPNYQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004867 thiadiazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003553 thiiranes Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003577 thiophenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IBBLKSWSCDAPIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiopyran Chemical compound S1C=CC=C=C1 IBBLKSWSCDAPIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000005259 triarylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001425 triazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triflic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000006617 triphenylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- BWHDROKFUHTORW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tritert-butylphosphane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)P(C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C BWHDROKFUHTORW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002371 ultraviolet--visible spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
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Definitions
- Embodiments of the present invention relate to an organic electronic material and an organic layer formed using the material. Moreover, other embodiment of this invention is related with the display element, the illuminating device, and display apparatus using the organic electronics element and organic electroluminescent element which have the said organic layer, and this organic electroluminescent element.
- Organic electronics elements are elements that perform electrical operations using organic substances, and are expected to exhibit features such as energy saving, low cost, and flexibility, and are attracting attention as a technology that can replace conventional inorganic semiconductors based on silicon. ing.
- Examples of organic electronics elements include organic electroluminescence elements (hereinafter also referred to as “organic EL elements”), organic photoelectric conversion elements, organic transistors, and the like.
- Organic EL elements are attracting attention as large-area solid-state light source applications that can replace, for example, incandescent lamps or gas-filled lamps. It is also attracting attention as the most powerful self-luminous display that can replace the liquid crystal display (LCD) in the flat panel display (FPD) field, and its commercialization is progressing.
- LCD liquid crystal display
- FPD flat panel display
- Organic EL elements are roughly classified into two types, low molecular organic EL elements and high molecular organic EL elements, from the organic materials used.
- the polymer organic EL element a polymer compound is used as an organic material
- the low molecular organic EL element a low molecular compound is used.
- the manufacturing method of the organic EL element includes a dry process in which film formation is mainly performed in a vacuum system, and a wet process in which film formation is performed by plate printing such as relief printing and intaglio printing, and plateless printing such as inkjet. It is roughly divided into two. Since simple film formation is possible, the wet process is expected as an indispensable method for future large-screen organic EL displays.
- an organic EL device manufactured using a polymer compound according to a wet process has a feature that it is easy to reduce the cost and increase the area.
- an organic EL device having an organic layer produced using a conventional polymer compound is desired to be further improved in device characteristics such as drive voltage, light emission efficiency, and light emission lifetime.
- conventional polymer compounds used as charge transporting compounds are susceptible to thermal degradation due to their low thermal stability.
- the heat resistance of the polymer compound is insufficient, for example, the organic layer is thermally deteriorated by a high-temperature process at the time of device fabrication, and it is difficult to obtain desired device characteristics due to deterioration of the original performance.
- the drive voltage is likely to increase due to, for example, thermal deterioration of the organic layer during high-temperature baking. Therefore, development of a charge transporting compound having excellent heat resistance is desired.
- an embodiment of the present invention provides an organic electronic material including a charge transporting compound suitable for a wet process and having excellent heat resistance, and an organic layer having excellent heat resistance using the material.
- Another embodiment of the present invention is an organic electronics element and an organic EL element having excellent heat resistance using the organic layer, and a display element, an illuminating device, and a display apparatus using the organic EL element. The purpose is to provide.
- a charge transporting compound having a specific structure is suitable for a wet process and exhibits excellent heat resistance, and is suitable as an organic electronic material, thereby completing the present invention. I came to let you.
- the embodiment of the present invention relates to an organic electronic material having a structural moiety represented by the following formula (I) and containing a charge transporting compound having a weight average molecular weight of more than 40,000.
- Ar is an arylene group or heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms
- X is at least one linking group selected from the group consisting of the following formulas (x1) to (x10)
- Y is a carbon number of 1 to 10
- Z represents a substituted or unsubstituted polymerizable functional group.
- each R independently represents a hydrogen atom, a linear, cyclic or branched alkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms, or an aryl group or heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms.
- the polymerizable functional group preferably includes at least one selected from the group consisting of an oxetane group, an epoxy group, a vinyl group, an acryloyl group, and a methacryloyl group.
- the structural site represented by the above formula (I) is located at the terminal of the charge transporting compound.
- the thermal weight reduction of the charge transporting compound when heated at 300 ° C. is 5% or less.
- the charge transporting compound is preferably a hole injection layer material.
- the charge transporting compound preferably contains a divalent structural unit having charge transporting property.
- the charge transporting compound preferably includes at least one structure selected from the group consisting of an aromatic amine structure, a carbazole structure, a thiophene structure, a bithiophene structure, a benzene structure, a phenoxazine structure, and a fluorene structure. .
- the charge transporting compound preferably has a structure branched in three or more directions.
- the charge transporting compound is preferably a charge transporting polymer.
- the organic electronic material of the above embodiment further includes a polymerization initiator.
- the polymerization initiator preferably contains a cationic polymerization initiator.
- the cationic polymerization initiator preferably contains an onium salt.
- the organic electronic material of the above embodiment further includes a solvent.
- the solvent is preferably a nonpolar solvent.
- Another embodiment of the present invention relates to an organic layer formed of the organic electronic material of the above embodiment.
- Another embodiment of the present invention relates to an organic electronic device including the organic layer.
- the organic electroluminescent element preferably has a light emitting layer containing a phosphorescent material or a light emitting layer containing a thermally activated delayed fluorescent material.
- the organic electroluminescent element preferably further includes a flexible substrate or a resin film substrate.
- Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a display device including the above-described illumination device and a liquid crystal element as a display unit.
- an organic electronic material including a charge transporting compound suitable for a wet process and having excellent heat resistance can be provided.
- the organic layer which has the outstanding heat resistance using the said organic electronics material can be provided.
- by forming an organic layer using the organic electronics material an organic electronics element, an organic EL element having excellent heat resistance, and the same are used.
- a display element, a lighting device, and a display device can be provided.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of an organic EL element according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- Organic electronic material of the embodiment of the present invention is characterized by containing one or more charge transporting compounds having a specific structural site represented by the following formula (I).
- Ar represents an arylene group or heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms
- X represents a linking group
- Y represents an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms
- Z represents a substituted or unsubstituted group. Represents a polymerizable functional group.
- the organic electronic material may contain two or more kinds of the charge transporting compound having the specific structural portion, or may further contain another charge transporting compound.
- the charge transporting compound which is a feature of the present invention, has one or more structural units having charge transporting properties, and at least one of the structural units includes a structural portion represented by the formula (I).
- the structural site represented by the formula (I) will be described in detail.
- Ar represents an arylene group or heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms.
- An arylene group means a group having a structure in which two hydrogen atoms are removed from an aromatic hydrocarbon.
- a heteroarylene group means a group having a structure in which two hydrogen atoms are removed from an aromatic heterocycle.
- Each of the aromatic hydrocarbon and the aromatic heterocyclic ring may have a monocyclic structure such as benzene, or may have a condensed ring structure in which the rings are condensed with each other like naphthalene.
- aromatic hydrocarbons include benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, tetracene, fluorene, and phenanthrene.
- aromatic heterocycle include pyridine, pyrazine, quinoline, isoquinoline, acridine, phenanthroline, furan, pyrrole, thiophene, carbazole, oxazole, oxadiazole, thiadiazole, triazole, benzoxazole, benzoxiadiazole, benzothiadiazole, Examples include benzotriazole and benzothiophene.
- the aromatic hydrocarbon and the aromatic heterocycle may have a polycyclic structure in which two or more selected from a single ring and a condensed ring are bonded via a single bond.
- Examples of the aromatic hydrocarbon having such a polycyclic structure include biphenyl, terphenyl, and triphenylbenzene.
- the aromatic hydrocarbon and aromatic heterocycle may each be unsubstituted or have one or more substituents.
- the substituent may be, for example, a linear, cyclic or branched alkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms. The number of carbon atoms is more preferably 1 to 15, further preferably 1 to 12, and particularly preferably 1 to 6.
- Ar is preferably a phenylene group or a naphthylene group, and more preferably a phenylene group.
- X is at least one linking group selected from the group consisting of the following formulas (x1) to (x10).
- each R independently represents a hydrogen atom, a linear, cyclic or branched alkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms, or an aryl group or heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms.
- R is preferably a linear, cyclic or branched alkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms.
- the number of carbon atoms is more preferably 2 to 16, further preferably 3 to 12, and particularly preferably 4 to 8.
- R is preferably an aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably a phenyl group or a naphthyl group, and further preferably a phenyl group.
- the linking group X is preferably x1.
- the charge transporting compound preferably has a structural moiety represented by the following formula (I-1).
- Y is a divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- the aliphatic hydrocarbon group may have a structure that is linear, branched, cyclic, or a combination thereof.
- the aliphatic hydrocarbon group may be saturated or unsaturated.
- Y is preferably an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having a linear structure, and more preferably saturated, from the viewpoint of easy availability of a monomer as a raw material. From these viewpoints, in the formula (I), Y is preferably — (CH 2 ) n —. That is, in one embodiment, the charge transporting compound preferably has a structural moiety represented by the following formula (I-2).
- n is 1 to 10, preferably 1 to 8, and more preferably 1 to 6. From the viewpoint of heat resistance, n is more preferably 1 to 4, and n is most preferably 1 or 2.
- the charge transporting compound preferably has a structural moiety represented by at least one of the above formulas (I-1) and (I-2), and is represented by the following formula (I-3). It is more preferable to have a structural site.
- Z represents a polymerizable functional group.
- the “polymerizable functional group” refers to a functional group that can form a bond by applying heat and / or light.
- the polymerizable functional group Z may be unsubstituted or may have a substituent.
- the polymerizable functional group Z include a group having a carbon-carbon multiple bond (for example, vinyl group, allyl group, butenyl group, ethynyl group, acryloyl group, methacryloyl group, etc.), a group having a small ring (for example, Cyclic alkyl groups such as cyclopropyl and cyclobutyl groups; Cyclic ether groups such as epoxy groups (oxiranyl groups) and oxetane groups (oxetanyl groups); Diketene groups; Episulfide groups; Lactone groups; Lactam groups; , Furan-yl group, pyrrole-yl group, thiophene-yl group, siloyl-yl group) and the like.
- a group having a carbon-carbon multiple bond for example, vinyl group, allyl group, butenyl group, ethynyl group, acryloyl group, methacryloyl group
- a vinyl group, an acryloyl group, a methacryloyl group, an epoxy group, and an oxetane group are particularly preferable. From the viewpoint of reactivity and characteristics of the organic electronics element, a vinyl group, an oxetane group, or an epoxy group is more preferable.
- These polymerizable functional groups may have a substituent.
- the substituent is preferably a linear, cyclic or branched saturated alkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms. The number of carbon atoms is more preferably 1-8, and still more preferably 1-4. Most preferably, the substituent is a 1-4 straight chain saturated alkyl group.
- the polymerizable functional group Z is preferably an oxetane group represented by the following formula (z1).
- R may be a hydrogen atom or a saturated alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- R is particularly preferably a methyl group or an ethyl group.
- the charge transporting compound having at least one structural moiety represented by the formula (I) contains at least one polymerizable functional group Z in the structure.
- the compound containing a polymerizable functional group can be cured by a polymerization reaction, and the solubility in a solvent can be changed by curing. Therefore, the charge transporting compound having at least one structural moiety represented by the formula (I) has excellent curability and is a material suitable for a wet process.
- the charge transporting compound in the present invention only needs to have the structural moiety represented by the above formula (I) and the ability to transport charges.
- the transport charge is preferably holes. Any compound having a hole transporting property can be used as a material for a hole injection layer or a hole transport layer of an organic EL element, for example. Moreover, if it is an electron transportable compound, it can be used as a material of an electron carrying layer or an electron injection layer. In addition, any compound that transports both holes and electrons can be used as a material for the light emitting layer.
- the charge transporting compound is preferably used as a material for a hole injection layer and / or a hole transport layer, and more preferably used as a material for a hole injection layer.
- the charge transporting compound has a thermal weight reduction upon heating at 300 ° C. of 5% by mass or less with respect to the mass before heating.
- the thermal weight reduction is more preferably 3.5% by mass or less.
- the thermal mass reduction is preferably 2.5% by mass or less, 1.5% by mass or less, and 1.0% by mass or less in order, and most preferably 0.5% by mass or less.
- thermogravimetric-indicating heat TG-DTA
- the charge transporting compound has one or more structural units having a charge transporting property, and at least one of the structural units has a structural portion represented by the above formula (I).
- the charge transporting compound may have a structure branched in three or more directions.
- the charge transporting compound is roughly classified into a low molecular compound composed of one structural unit and a polymer compound composed of a plurality of structural units, and any of these may be used.
- the structural unit constituting the charge transporting compound is as described below.
- the charge transporting compound is a low molecular weight compound, it is preferable in that a highly pure material can be easily obtained.
- the charge transporting compound is a polymer compound, it is preferable in that the composition can be easily prepared and the film formability is excellent. Furthermore, from the viewpoint of obtaining the advantages of both, it is possible to use a mixture of a low molecular compound and a high molecular compound as the charge transporting compound.
- a polymer compound composed of a plurality of structural units having charge transportability will be described more specifically as an example of the charge transport compound.
- charge transporting polymer When the charge transporting compound is a polymer compound, the charge transporting compound may be a polymer or an oligomer. Hereinafter, these are collectively referred to as “charge transporting polymer”.
- the charge transporting polymer has at least one structural moiety represented by the following formula (I) in the molecule.
- a charge transporting polymer containing a structural moiety represented by —Ar—CH 2 —O— at the terminal portion tends to cleave the intramolecular bond by heating and tends to have poor heat resistance.
- the heat resistance of the charge transporting polymer can be improved by constituting the charge transporting polymer having the structural moiety represented by the formula (I).
- the thermal degradation of the organic layer due to a high-temperature process at the time of device fabrication is improved, so that the performance of the organic layer can be easily maintained.
- the thermal degradation of the organic layer due to a high-temperature process at the time of device fabrication is improved, so that the performance of the organic layer can be easily maintained.
- an organic layer is formed according to a coating method using the charge transporting polymer according to the present embodiment, even when a high temperature baking treatment is applied, a decrease in the performance of the organic layer is suppressed and high carrier mobility can be maintained. It becomes possible.
- the charge transporting polymer may be linear or have a branched structure.
- the charge transporting polymer preferably includes at least a divalent structural unit L having charge transporting properties and a monovalent structural unit T constituting a terminal portion, and a trivalent or higher structural unit B constituting a branched portion. Further, it may be included.
- the charge transporting polymer may contain only one type of each structural unit, or may contain a plurality of types. In the charge transporting polymer, each structural unit is bonded to each other at a binding site of “monovalent” to “trivalent or more”.
- the charge transporting polymer is not limited to a polymer having the following partial structure.
- L represents the structural unit L
- T represents the structural unit T
- B represents the structural unit B.
- * Represents a binding site with another structural unit.
- a plurality of L may be the same structural unit or different structural units. The same applies to T and B.
- the charge transporting polymer preferably has a charge transporting divalent structural unit L.
- the charge transporting polymer preferably has a structure branched in three or more directions, that is, the structural unit B.
- the charge transporting polymer preferably includes at least one structure selected from the group consisting of an aromatic amine structure, a carbazole structure, a thiophene structure, a bithiophene structure, a benzene structure, a phenoxazine structure, and a fluorene structure.
- This structure may be preferably included in the structural unit L described later, but may be included in the structural unit B, and may be included in both the structural unit L and the structural unit B.
- the charge transporting polymer contains any of the above structures, the charge transporting property, particularly the hole transporting property can be improved.
- the charge transporting polymer may contain a structural site represented by the formula (I) in at least one of the structural units L, B, and T constituting the polymer, and the introduction position thereof is There is no particular limitation.
- the structural site represented by the formula (I) is preferably present in the structural unit T constituting at least one terminal portion of the charge transporting polymer.
- the structural site represented by the formula (I) is preferably present in the structural unit T constituting the terminal part from the viewpoint of easy synthesis of the monomer compound constituting the charge transporting polymer.
- the structural unit of the charge transporting polymer will be described more specifically.
- the structural unit L is a divalent structural unit having charge transportability.
- the structural unit L is not particularly limited as long as it contains an atomic group having the ability to transport charges.
- the structural unit L is a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic amine structure, carbazole structure, thiophene structure, fluorene structure, benzene structure, biphenyl structure, terphenyl structure, naphthalene structure, anthracene structure, tetracene structure, phenanthrene structure, dihydro Phenanthrene structure, pyridine structure, pyrazine structure, quinoline structure, isoquinoline structure, quinoxaline structure, acridine structure, diazaphenanthrene structure, furan structure, pyrrole structure, oxazole structure, oxadiazole structure, thiazole structure, thiadiazole structure, triazole structure, benzo Thiophene structure, benzoxazole structure, benzoo
- the structural unit L includes a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic amine structure, carbazole structure, thiophene structure, fluorene structure, benzene structure, pyrrole structure, and these from the viewpoint of obtaining excellent hole transport properties.
- it is selected from a structure containing one or more of these, and is selected from a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic amine structure, carbazole structure, and a structure containing one or more of these Is more preferable.
- the structural unit L is a substituted or unsubstituted fluorene structure, benzene structure, phenanthrene structure, pyridine structure, quinoline structure, and one or two of these. It is preferably selected from structures containing more than one species.
- structural unit L includes the following.
- the structural unit L is not limited to the following.
- Each R independently represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
- R is a substituent, preferably each R is independently —R 1 (excluding a hydrogen atom), —OR 2 , —SR 3 , —OCOR 4 , —COOR 5 , —SiR 6 R 7 R 8 , a substituent selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom and a group containing a polymerizable functional group.
- R 1 to R 8 of the above substituents are each independently a hydrogen atom; a linear, cyclic or branched alkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms; or an aryl group or heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms.
- the aryl group is an atomic group obtained by removing one hydrogen atom from an aromatic hydrocarbon.
- a heteroaryl group is an atomic group obtained by removing one hydrogen atom from an aromatic heterocyclic ring.
- the alkyl group may be further substituted with an aryl group or heteroaryl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, and the aryl group or heteroaryl group may be further linear, cyclic or branched having 1 to 22 carbon atoms. It may be substituted with an alkyl group.
- R is preferably a hydrogen atom or a substituent selected from the group consisting of an alkyl group, an aryl group, and an alkyl-substituted aryl group.
- R is more preferably a substituent from the viewpoint of increasing the molecular weight of the polymer.
- R is a substituent, it is easy to increase the molecular weight of the charge transporting polymer, and it is easy to obtain excellent heat resistance.
- the charge transport polymer is used with a nonpolar solvent.
- the nonpolar solvent include benzene, toluene, hexane, ethyl acetate, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran and the like. In general, the solubility of polymers in nonpolar solvents tends to decrease with increasing molecular weight.
- Ar represents an arylene group or heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms.
- An arylene group is an atomic group obtained by removing two hydrogen atoms from an aromatic hydrocarbon.
- a heteroarylene group is an atomic group obtained by removing two hydrogen atoms from an aromatic heterocycle.
- Ar is preferably an arylene group, more preferably a phenylene group.
- Examples of the aromatic hydrocarbon include a single ring, a condensed ring, or a polycycle in which two or more selected from a single ring and a condensed ring are bonded via a single bond.
- Examples of the aromatic heterocycle include a single ring, a condensed ring, or a polycycle in which two or more selected from a monocycle and a condensed ring are bonded via a single bond.
- the structural unit B is a trivalent or higher-valent structural unit that constitutes a branched portion when the charge transporting polymer has a branched structure.
- the structural unit B is preferably hexavalent or less, more preferably trivalent or tetravalent, from the viewpoint of improving the durability of the organic electronic element.
- the structural unit B is preferably a unit having charge transportability.
- the structural unit B is a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic amine structure, carbazole structure, condensed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon structure, and one or two of these from the viewpoint of improving the durability of the organic electronic device. Selected from structures containing more than one species.
- structural unit B includes the following.
- the structural unit B is not limited to the following.
- W represents a trivalent linking group, for example, an arenetriyl group or a heteroarenetriyl group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms.
- the arenetriyl group is an atomic group obtained by removing three hydrogen atoms from an aromatic hydrocarbon.
- the heteroarene triyl group is an atomic group obtained by removing three hydrogen atoms from an aromatic heterocyclic ring.
- Ar each independently represents a divalent linking group, for example, each independently represents an arylene group or heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms.
- Ar is preferably an arylene group, more preferably a phenylene group.
- Y represents a divalent linking group.
- one R atom in the structural unit L (excluding a group containing a polymerizable functional group) has one more hydrogen atom from a group having one or more hydrogen atoms.
- divalent groups excluding. Z represents any of a carbon atom, a silicon atom, or a phosphorus atom.
- the benzene ring and Ar may have a substituent. Examples of the substituent include the substituents described as R in the structural unit L.
- the structural unit T is a monovalent structural unit constituting the terminal portion of the charge transporting polymer.
- the charge transporting polymer preferably has a polymerizable functional group at the terminal portion from the viewpoint of enhancing curability.
- the charge transporting polymer preferably includes a structural unit T1 having a structure represented by the following formula (I). In the formula, Ar, X, Y, and Z are as described above.
- the structural unit T1 preferably has at least one of the formulas (I-1) and (I-2) shown above.
- the structural unit T1 more preferably has the structure of the formula (I-3) shown above.
- the charge transporting polymer may further include a monovalent structural unit that constitutes a terminal portion different from the structural unit T1 within a range that does not decrease charge transporting property and curability.
- the charge transporting polymer may include a monovalent structural unit T2 having a structure represented by the following formula (II) in addition to the structural unit T1.
- a monovalent structural unit T2 having a structure represented by the following formula (II) in addition to the structural unit T1.
- Ar represents an arylene group or heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms.
- J is a single bond or an ester bond (—COO—) and any one of 2 selected from the group consisting of (x1) to (x10) exemplified as the linking group X in the formula (I). Represents a valent linking group.
- R represents a linear, cyclic or branched alkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms or an aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms.
- Ar in the formula (II) is preferably an arylene group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms.
- a phenylene group or a naphthylene group is more preferable, and a phenylene group is more preferable.
- J in formula (II) is preferably a single bond, an ester bond, or a linking group (—NR—) having a structure obtained by further removing one hydrogen atom from an amino group.
- R is more preferably a phenyl group.
- R1 in the formula (II) is a linear, cyclic or branched alkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms, and the carbon number is more preferably 2 to 16, further preferably 3 to 12. Particularly preferred is 4 to 8.
- R1 in the above formula (II) is preferably a cyclic alkyl group (cycloalkyl group) having 3 to 30 carbon atoms.
- the number of carbon atoms is more preferably 5-20, and still more preferably 6-15.
- the cycloalkyl group may be saturated or unsaturated, but is more preferably saturated.
- R1 include an adamantyl group.
- R1 in the above formula (II) is preferably an aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably a phenyl group or a naphthyl group, and further preferably a phenyl group.
- the structural unit T2 has a structure in which J is an ester bond and R1 is a cycloalkyl group in the above formula (II).
- the proportion of the structural unit T1 having the structure represented by the formula (I) is 50 mol based on the total structural unit T. % Or more is preferable, 75 mol% or more is more preferable, and 85 mol% or more is more preferable.
- the proportion of the structural unit T1 may be 100 mol%.
- the structural unit T2 in addition to the structural unit T1 from the viewpoint of further improving the heat resistance of the charge transporting polymer.
- the ratio of the structural unit T2 is preferably 75 mol% or less, more preferably 50 mol% or less, and further preferably 25% or less, based on the total structural unit T (T1 + T2).
- the proportion of the structural unit T1 is preferably 25 mol% or more, more preferably 50 mol%, and further preferably 75 mol% or more.
- the amount contained in the charge transporting polymer is small.
- the content of the polymerizable functional group can be appropriately set in consideration of these.
- the number of polymerizable functional groups per molecule of the charge transporting polymer is preferably 2 or more, more preferably 3 or more from the viewpoint of obtaining a sufficient change in solubility.
- the number of polymerizable functional groups is preferably 1,000 or less, more preferably 500 or less, from the viewpoint of maintaining charge transportability.
- the number of polymerizable functional groups means the total of the polymerizable functional group Z contained in the structural site represented by the formula (I) and other polymerizable functional groups.
- the number of polymerizable functional groups per molecule of the charge transporting polymer is the number of monomers having polymerizable functional groups with respect to the total amount of monomers charged corresponding to each structural unit used to synthesize the charge transporting polymer.
- the average value can be obtained by using the ratio of the charged amount, the weight average molecular weight of the charge transporting polymer, and the like.
- the number of polymerizable functional groups is the ratio between the integral value of the signal derived from the polymerizable functional group and the integral value of the entire spectrum in the 1 H NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) spectrum of the charge transporting polymer, the charge transporting polymer
- the weight average molecular weight can be used to calculate the average value. Since it is simple, when the preparation amount is clear, a value obtained by using the preparation amount is preferably adopted.
- the number average molecular weight of the charge transporting polymer can be appropriately adjusted in consideration of solubility in a solvent, film formability, and the like.
- the number average molecular weight is preferably 500 or more, more preferably 1,000 or more, and further preferably 2,000 or more from the viewpoint of excellent charge transportability.
- the number average molecular weight is preferably 1,000,000 or less, more preferably 100,000 or less, and more preferably 50,000 from the viewpoint of maintaining good solubility in a solvent and facilitating the preparation of an ink composition. The following is more preferable.
- the weight average molecular weight of the charge transporting polymer can be appropriately adjusted in consideration of solubility in a solvent, film formability, and the like.
- the weight average molecular weight is preferably 1,000 or more, more preferably 5,000 or more, and still more preferably 10,000 or more, from the viewpoint of excellent charge transportability. From the viewpoint of easily obtaining excellent heat resistance, the weight average molecular weight is preferably larger than 40,000, more preferably 41,000 or more. Further, the weight average molecular weight is preferably 1,000,000 or less, more preferably 700,000 or less, and more preferably 400,000 from the viewpoint of maintaining good solubility in a solvent and facilitating preparation of an ink composition. The following is more preferable.
- the number average molecular weight and the weight average molecular weight can be measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) under the following conditions using a standard polystyrene calibration curve.
- Liquid feed pump L-6050 Hitachi High-Technologies UV-Vis detector: L-3000 Hitachi High-Technologies columns: Gelpack (registered trademark) GL-A160S / GL-A150S Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd.
- Eluent THF (for HPLC, without stabilizer) Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.
- Flow rate 1 mL / min
- Column temperature Room temperature molecular weight standard: Standard polystyrene
- the proportion of the structural unit L contained in the charge transporting polymer is preferably 10 mol% or more, more preferably 20 mol% or more, and more preferably 30 mol% or more based on the total structural unit from the viewpoint of obtaining sufficient charge transportability. Is more preferable. Further, the ratio of the structural unit L is preferably 95 mol% or less, more preferably 90 mol% or less, and further preferably 85 mol% or less in consideration of the structural unit T and the structural unit B introduced as necessary.
- the proportion of the structural unit T contained in the charge transporting polymer is based on the total structural unit from the viewpoint of improving the characteristics of the organic electronics element or suppressing the increase in the viscosity and satisfactorily synthesizing the charge transporting polymer. 5 mol% or more is preferable, 10 mol% or more is more preferable, and 15 mol% or more is more preferable. Further, the proportion of the structural unit T is preferably 60 mol% or less, more preferably 55 mol% or less, and further preferably 50 mol% or less from the viewpoint of obtaining sufficient charge transportability. In one embodiment, the proportion of the structural unit T means the proportion of the structural unit T1 having the structural moiety represented by the formula (I). In another embodiment, the ratio of the structural unit T means the total amount of the structural unit T1 and the other structural unit T2.
- the proportion of the structural unit B is preferably 1 mol% or more, more preferably 5 mol% or more, based on the total structural units, from the viewpoint of improving the durability of the organic electronics element.
- 10 mol% or more is more preferable.
- the proportion of the structural unit B is preferably 50 mol% or less, preferably 40 mol% or less, from the viewpoint of suppressing the increase in viscosity and satisfactorily synthesizing the charge transporting polymer or obtaining sufficient charge transportability. Is more preferable, and 30 mol% or less is more preferable.
- the proportion of the polymerizable functional group in the charge transporting polymer is preferably 0.1 mol% or more, more preferably 1 mol% or more, based on the total structural unit, from the viewpoint of efficiently curing the charge transporting polymer. More preferably, it is at least mol%. Further, the proportion of the polymerizable functional group is preferably 70 mol% or less, more preferably 60 mol% or less, and further preferably 50 mol% or less from the viewpoint of obtaining good charge transportability.
- the “ratio of polymerizable functional groups” refers to the ratio of structural units having a polymerizable functional group to the total structural units.
- a structure having polymerizable substituents Z and Z ′ with respect to all structural units means the ratio of the total amount of units.
- 100: 20 to 180: 20 to 90 is more preferable, and 100: 40 to 160: 30 to 80 is more preferable.
- the proportion of the structural unit can be determined by using the charged amount of the monomer corresponding to each structural unit used for synthesizing the charge transporting polymer. Moreover, the ratio of the structural unit can be calculated as an average value using an integrated value of the spectrum derived from each structural unit in the 1 H NMR spectrum of the charge transporting polymer. Since it is simple, when the preparation amount is clear, a value obtained by using the preparation amount is preferably adopted.
- the charge transporting polymer is a hole transporting material
- a unit having an aromatic amine structure and / or a unit having a carbazole structure is used as a main structural unit. It is preferable that it is a compound which has. From this viewpoint, the ratio of the total number of units having an aromatic amine structure and / or carbazole structure to the total number of structural units in the polymer compound (excluding the terminal structural unit) is 40% or more. Preferably, 45% or more is more preferable, and 50% or more is more preferable. The ratio of the total number of units having an aromatic amine structure and / or carbazole structure may be 100%.
- the charge transporting polymer can be produced by various synthetic methods and is not particularly limited.
- known coupling reactions such as Suzuki coupling, Negishi coupling, Sonogashira coupling, Stille coupling, Buchwald-Hartwig coupling and the like can be used.
- Suzuki coupling causes a cross coupling reaction using a Pd catalyst between an aromatic boronic acid derivative and an aromatic halide.
- Suzuki coupling a charge transporting polymer can be easily produced by bonding desired aromatic rings together.
- a Pd (0) compound, a Pd (II) compound, a Ni compound, or the like is used as a catalyst.
- a catalyst species generated by mixing tris (dibenzylideneacetone) dipalladium (0), palladium (II) acetate and the like with a phosphine ligand can also be used.
- the description of International Publication No. WO2010 / 140553 can be referred to.
- the organic electronic material may further contain a dopant.
- the dopant is not particularly limited as long as it is a compound that can be added to the organic electronic material to develop a doping effect and improve the charge transport property.
- Doping includes p-type doping and n-type doping.
- p-type doping a substance serving as an electron acceptor is used as a dopant
- n-type doping a substance serving as an electron donor is used as a dopant. It is preferable to perform p-type doping for improving hole transportability and n-type doping for improving electron transportability.
- the dopant used in the organic electronic material may be a dopant that exhibits any effect of p-type doping or n-type doping. Further, one kind of dopant may be added alone, or plural kinds of dopants may be mixed and added.
- the dopant used for p-type doping is an electron-accepting compound, and examples thereof include Lewis acids, proton acids, transition metal compounds, ionic compounds, halogen compounds, and ⁇ -conjugated compounds.
- Lewis acid FeCl 3 , PF 5 , AsF 5 , SbF 5 , BF 5 , BCl 3 , BBr 3 and the like;
- protonic acid HF, HCl, HBr, HNO 5 , H 2 SO 4 , HClO 4 and other inorganic acids, benzenesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, polyvinylsulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, 1-butanesulfonic acid, vinylphenylsulfonic acid Organic acids such as camphorsulfonic acid; transition metal compounds include FeCl 3
- Lewis acids ionic compounds, ⁇ -conjugated compounds, and the like, and more preferred are ionic compounds.
- ionic compounds onium salts are particularly preferred.
- the onium salt means a compound composed of a cation moiety containing onium ions such as iodonium and ammonium, and an anion moiety.
- the dopant used for n-type doping is an electron donating compound, for example, alkali metals such as Li and Cs; alkaline earth metals such as Mg and Ca; alkali metals such as LiF and Cs 2 CO 3 and / or Examples include alkaline earth metal salts; metal complexes; electron-donating organic compounds.
- alkali metals such as Li and Cs
- alkaline earth metals such as Mg and Ca
- alkali metals such as LiF and Cs 2 CO 3 and / or Examples include alkaline earth metal salts; metal complexes; electron-donating organic compounds.
- a compound that can act as a polymerization initiator for the polymerizable functional group as a dopant.
- the substance having both the function as a dopant and the function as a polymerization initiator for example, the above ionic compound can be mentioned.
- the organic electronic material may further contain a charge transporting low molecular weight compound, other charge transporting polymers, and the like.
- the content of the charge transporting compound is preferably 50% by weight or more, more preferably 70% by weight or more, and more preferably 80% by weight or more based on the total weight of the organic electronic material from the viewpoint of obtaining good charge transporting properties. preferable. It may be 100% by mass.
- the content is preferably 0.01% by mass or more, and 0.1% by mass or more with respect to the total mass of the organic electronic material from the viewpoint of improving the charge transport property of the organic electronic material. More preferred is 0.5% by mass or more.
- 50 mass% or less is preferable with respect to the total mass of the organic electronic material, 30 mass% or less is more preferable, and 20 mass% or less is further more preferable.
- the organic electronic material of the present embodiment preferably contains a polymerization initiator.
- a polymerization initiator known radical polymerization initiators, cationic polymerization initiators, anionic polymerization initiators and the like can be used. From the viewpoint of easily preparing the ink composition, it is preferable to use a substance having both a function as a dopant and a function as a polymerization initiator.
- the onium salt described above can be suitably used as a cationic polymerization initiator having a function as a dopant.
- a salt of a perfluoroanion and a cation such as iodonium ion or ammonium ion can be mentioned. Specific examples of the onium salt include the following compounds.
- the organic electronic material may be an ink composition further containing a solvent capable of dissolving or dispersing the organic electronic material of the above-described embodiment.
- the organic layer can be easily formed by a simple method such as a coating method.
- solvent water, an organic solvent, or a mixed solvent thereof can be used.
- Organic solvents include alcohols such as methanol, ethanol and isopropyl alcohol; alkanes such as pentane, hexane and octane; cyclic alkanes such as cyclohexane; aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene, mesitylene, tetralin and diphenylmethane; ethylene glycol Aliphatic ethers such as dimethyl ether, ethylene glycol diethyl ether, propylene glycol-1-monomethyl ether acetate; 1,2-dimethoxybenzene, 1,3-dimethoxybenzene, anisole, phenetole, 2-methoxytoluene, 3-methoxytoluene, Aromatic ethers such as 4-methoxytoluene, 2,3-dimethylanisole, 2,4-dimethylanisole, 2,4
- Amide solvents dimethyl sulfoxide, tetrahydrofuran, acetone, chloroform, methylene chloride and the like can be mentioned.
- the ink composition may further contain an additive as an optional component.
- additives include polymerization inhibitors, stabilizers, thickeners, gelling agents, flame retardants, antioxidants, antioxidants, oxidizing agents, reducing agents, surface modifiers, emulsifiers, antifoaming agents, Examples thereof include a dispersant and a surfactant.
- the content of the solvent in the ink composition can be determined in consideration of application to various coating methods.
- the content of the solvent is preferably such that the ratio of the charge transporting polymer to the solvent is 0.1% by mass or more, more preferably 0.2% by mass or more, and 0.5% by mass or more. More preferred is an amount of
- the content of the solvent is preferably such that the ratio of the charge transporting polymer to the solvent is 20% by mass or less, more preferably 15% by mass or less, and even more preferably 10% by mass or less. .
- the organic layer which is embodiment of this invention is a layer formed using the organic electronics material of the said embodiment.
- the organic electronic material of the above embodiment may be used as an ink composition.
- the organic layer can be favorably formed by a coating method.
- the coating method include spin coating method; casting method; dipping method; letterpress printing, intaglio printing, offset printing, planographic printing, letterpress inversion offset printing, screen printing, gravure printing and other plate printing methods; ink jet method, etc.
- a known method such as a plateless printing method may be used.
- the organic layer (coating layer) obtained after the coating may be dried using a hot plate or an oven to remove the solvent.
- the solubility of the organic layer may be changed by advancing the polymerization reaction of the charge transporting compound by light irradiation, heat treatment or the like. By laminating organic layers with different solubility, it is possible to easily increase the number of organic electronics elements.
- the heat treatment can be performed at a temperature higher than 200 ° C. (also referred to as a high temperature baking treatment), and thermal deterioration of the organic layer after the heat treatment can be suppressed.
- the thickness of the organic layer after drying or curing is preferably 0.1 nm or more, more preferably 1 nm or more, and further preferably 3 nm or more. Further, the thickness of the organic layer is preferably 300 nm or less, more preferably 200 nm or less, and further preferably 100 nm or less, from the viewpoint of reducing electrical resistance.
- the organic electronics element which is embodiment of this invention has the organic layer of the said embodiment at least.
- Examples of the organic electronics element include an organic EL element, an organic photoelectric conversion element, and an organic transistor.
- the organic electronic element preferably has a structure in which an organic layer is disposed between at least a pair of electrodes.
- the organic EL element which is embodiment of this invention has an organic layer of the said embodiment at least.
- the organic EL element usually includes a light emitting layer, an anode, a cathode, and a substrate, and other functional layers such as a hole injection layer, an electron injection layer, a hole transport layer, and an electron transport layer are provided as necessary. I have. Each layer may be formed by a vapor deposition method or a coating method.
- the organic EL element preferably has an organic layer as a light emitting layer or other functional layer, more preferably as a functional layer, and still more preferably as at least one of a hole injection layer and a hole transport layer.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of an organic EL element according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the organic EL element of FIG. 1 is an element having a multilayer structure, and includes a substrate 8, an anode 2, a hole injection layer 3 and a hole transport layer 6 made of the organic layer of the above embodiment, a light emitting layer 1, an electron transport layer 7
- the electron injection layer 5 and the cathode 4 are provided in this order.
- each layer will be described.
- the hole injection layer 3 and the hole transport layer 6 are organic layers formed using the above-described organic electronics material.
- the organic EL of the embodiment of the present invention is not limited to such a structure, and other organic layers may be organic layers formed using the organic electronic material.
- Light emitting layer As a material used for the light emitting layer, a light emitting material such as a low molecular compound, a polymer, or a dendrimer can be used. A polymer is preferable because it has high solubility in a solvent and is suitable for a coating method. Examples of the light emitting material include a fluorescent material, a phosphorescent material, a thermally activated delayed fluorescent material (TADF), and the like.
- TADF thermally activated delayed fluorescent material
- Fluorescent materials such as perylene, coumarin, rubrene, quinacdrine, stilbene, dyes for dye lasers, aluminum complexes, and derivatives thereof; polyfluorene, polyphenylene, polyphenylene vinylene, polyvinylcarbazole, fluorene-benzothiadiazole copolymer , Fluorene-triphenylamine copolymers, polymers thereof such as derivatives thereof, and mixtures thereof.
- a metal complex containing a metal such as Ir or Pt can be used as the phosphorescent material.
- Ir complex include FIr (pic) that emits blue light (iridium (III) bis [(4,6-difluorophenyl) -pyridinate-N, C 2 ] picolinate), and Ir (ppy) 3 that emits green light.
- a host material is further contained in addition to the phosphorescent material.
- a host material a low molecular compound, a polymer, or a dendrimer can be used.
- the low molecular weight compound include CBP (4,4′-bis (9H-carbazol-9-yl) biphenyl), mCP (1,3-bis (9-carbazolyl) benzene), CDBP (4,4′- Bis (carbazol-9-yl) -2,2′-dimethylbiphenyl), derivatives thereof, and the like.
- the polymer include the organic electronic materials, polyvinyl carbazole, polyphenylene, polyfluorene, derivatives thereof, and the like of the above embodiment. It is done.
- thermally activated delayed fluorescent materials include Adv.AMater., 21, 4802-4906 (2009); Appl. Phys. Lett., 98, 083302 (2011); Chem. Comm., 48, 9580 (2012) ; Appl. Phys. Lett., 101, 093306 (2012); J. Am. Chem. Soc., 134, 14706 (2012); Chem. Comm., 48, 11392 (2012); Nature, 492, 234 (2012) ); Adv. Mater., 25, 3319 (2013); J. Phys. Chem. A, 117, 5607 (2013); Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 15, 15850 (2013); Chem. Comm., 49, 10385) (2013); Chem. Lett., 43, 319 (2014) and the like.
- the hole injection layer 3 and the hole transport layer 6 are organic layers formed using the above-described organic electronics material.
- the organic EL element according to the embodiment is not limited to such a structure.
- the organic layer may be an organic layer formed using the organic electronic material. It is preferably used as at least one of a hole transport layer and a hole injection layer formed using the organic electronic material, and more preferably used as at least a hole transport layer.
- a known material can be used for the hole injection layer.
- a known material is used for the hole transport layer. Can be used.
- Examples of materials that can be used for the hole injection layer and the hole transport layer include aromatic amine compounds (for example, N, N′-di (naphthalen-1-yl) -N, N′-diphenyl-benzidine ( Aromatic diamines such as ⁇ -NPD), phthalocyanine compounds, thiophene compounds (eg, thiophene conductive polymers (eg, poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly (4-styrenesulfonate)) (PEDOT: PSS) and the like.
- aromatic amine compounds for example, N, N′-di (naphthalen-1-yl) -N, N′-diphenyl-benzidine
- Aromatic diamines such as ⁇ -NPD
- phthalocyanine compounds such as ⁇ -NPD
- thiophene compounds eg, thiophene conductive polymers (eg, poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly (4-s
- Electrode transport layer examples include phenanthroline derivatives, bipyridine derivatives, nitro-substituted fluorene derivatives, diphenylquinone derivatives, thiopyran dioxide derivatives, condensed ring tetracarboxylic anhydrides such as naphthalene and perylene, carbodiimides, and the like.
- cathode As the cathode material, for example, a metal or a metal alloy such as Li, Ca, Mg, Al, In, Cs, Ba, Mg / Ag, LiF, and CsF is used.
- a metal or a metal alloy such as Li, Ca, Mg, Al, In, Cs, Ba, Mg / Ag, LiF, and CsF is used.
- anode for example, a metal (for example, Au) or another material having conductivity is used.
- examples of other materials include oxides (for example, ITO: indium oxide / tin oxide) and conductive polymers (for example, polythiophene-polystyrene sulfonic acid mixture (PEDOT: PSS)).
- substrate glass, plastic or the like can be used.
- the substrate is preferably transparent.
- substrate flexible board
- the resin film examples include films made of polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polyethersulfone, polyetherimide, polyetheretherketone, polyphenylene sulfide, polyarylate, polyimide, polycarbonate, cellulose triacetate, cellulose acetate propionate, and the like. Can be mentioned.
- the resin film may be coated with an inorganic material such as silicon oxide or silicon nitride in order to suppress permeation of water vapor, oxygen, and the like.
- the emission color of the organic EL element is not particularly limited.
- the white organic EL element is preferable because it can be used for various lighting devices such as home lighting, interior lighting, a clock, or a liquid crystal backlight.
- a method of simultaneously emitting a plurality of emission colors using a plurality of light emitting materials and mixing the colors can be used.
- a combination of a plurality of emission colors is not particularly limited, but a combination containing three emission maximum wavelengths of blue, green and red, a combination containing two emission maximum wavelengths of blue and yellow, yellow green and orange, etc. Is mentioned.
- the emission color can be controlled by adjusting the type and amount of the light emitting material.
- the display element which is embodiment of this invention is equipped with the organic EL element of the said embodiment.
- a color display element can be obtained by using an organic EL element as an element corresponding to each pixel of red, green, and blue (RGB).
- Image forming methods include a simple matrix type in which individual organic EL elements arranged in a panel are directly driven by electrodes arranged in a matrix, and an active matrix type in which a thin film transistor is arranged and driven in each element.
- the lighting device according to the embodiment of the present invention includes the organic EL element according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- the display apparatus which is embodiment of this invention is equipped with the illuminating device and the liquid crystal element as a display means.
- the display device may be a display device using a known liquid crystal element as a display unit, that is, a liquid crystal display device, using the illumination device according to the embodiment of the present invention as a backlight.
- the number average molecular weight of the obtained charge transporting polymer 1 was 13,600, and the weight average molecular weight was 72,800.
- the charge transporting polymer 1 has a structural unit L (derived from the monomer L1), a structural unit B (derived from the monomer B1), and a structural unit T1 (derived from the monomer T1a). , 45.5%, 18.2%, and 36.3%.
- the number average molecular weight and the weight average molecular weight were measured by GPC (polystyrene conversion) using tetrahydrofuran (THF) as an eluent.
- the measurement conditions are as follows. Liquid feed pump: L-6050 Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation UV-Vis detector: L-3000 Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation Column: Gelpack (registered trademark) GL-A160S / GL-A150S Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd. Eluent: THF (for HPLC, without stabilizer) Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. Flow rate: 1 mL / min Column temperature: Room temperature Molecular weight standard: Standard polystyrene
- the number average molecular weight of the obtained charge transporting polymer 2 was 24,700, and the weight average molecular weight was 49,100.
- the charge transporting polymer 2 has a structural unit L (derived from the monomer L1), a structural unit B (derived from the monomer B1), and a structural unit T1 (derived from the monomer T1b). In order, they were 45.5%, 18.2%, and 36.3%.
- the number average molecular weight of the obtained charge transporting polymer 3 was 15,100, and the weight average molecular weight was 58,200.
- the charge transporting polymer 3 has a structural unit L (derived from the monomer L1), a structural unit B (derived from the monomer B1), and a structural unit T1 (derived from the monomer T1c). In order, they were 45.5%, 18.2%, and 36.3%.
- the number average molecular weight of the obtained charge transporting polymer 4 was 15,700, and the weight average molecular weight was 56,400.
- the charge transporting polymer 4 has a structural unit L (derived from the monomer L1), a structural unit B (derived from the monomer B1), a structural unit T1 (derived from the monomer T1c), and a structural unit T2 (derived from the monomer T2a). The proportion of each structural unit was 45.5%, 18.2%, 9.1%, and 27.2%.
- the number average molecular weight of the obtained charge transporting polymer 5 was 12,800, and the weight average molecular weight was 41,800.
- the charge transporting polymer 5 has a structural unit L (derived from the monomer L1), a structural unit B (derived from the monomer B1), a structural unit T1 (derived from the monomer T1c), and a structural unit T2 (derived from the monomer T2a).
- the proportion of each structural unit was 45.5%, 18.2%, 10.9%, and 25.4%, respectively.
- the number average molecular weight of the obtained charge transporting polymer 6 was 12,600, and the weight average molecular weight was 41,000.
- the charge transporting polymer 6 has a structural unit L (derived from the monomer L1), a structural unit B (derived from the monomer B1), a structural unit T1 (derived from the monomer T1c), and a structural unit T2 (derived from the monomer T2a).
- the proportion of each structural unit was 45.5%, 18.2%, 14.5%, and 21.8% in this order.
- the number average molecular weight of the obtained charge transporting polymer 7 was 13,500, and the weight average molecular weight was 42,100.
- the charge transporting polymer 7 has a structural unit L (derived from the monomer L1), a structural unit B (derived from the monomer B1), a structural unit T1 (derived from the monomer T1c), and a structural unit T2 (derived from the monomer T2a).
- the proportion of each structural unit was 45.5%, 18.2%, 18.15%, and 18.15% in this order.
- the number average molecular weight of the obtained charge transporting polymer 8 was 13,000, and the weight average molecular weight was 45,100.
- the charge transporting polymer 8 has a structural unit L (derived from the monomer L1), a structural unit B (derived from the monomer B1), a structural unit T1 (derived from the monomer T1c), and a structural unit T2 (derived from the monomer T2b). The proportion of each structural unit was 45.5%, 18.2%, 18.15%, and 18.15% in this order.
- the number average molecular weight of the obtained charge transporting polymer 9 was 12,300, and the weight average molecular weight was 55,800.
- the charge transporting polymer 9 has a structural unit L (derived from the monomer L1), a structural unit B (derived from the monomer B1), a structural unit T1 (derived from the monomer T1c), and a structural unit T2 (derived from the monomer T2b).
- the proportion of each structural unit was 45.5%, 18.2%, 9.1%, and 27.2%, respectively.
- the number average molecular weight of the obtained charge transporting polymer 10 was 15,700, and the weight average molecular weight was 45,100.
- the charge transporting polymer 10 has a structural unit L (derived from the monomer L1), a structural unit B (derived from the monomer B1), a structural unit T1 (derived from the monomer T1c), and a structural unit T2 (derived from the monomer T2c).
- the proportion of each structural unit was 45.5%, 18.2%, 18.15%, and 18.15% in this order.
- the number average molecular weight of the obtained charge transporting polymer 11 was 16,400, and the weight average molecular weight was 46,900.
- the charge transporting polymer 11 has a structural unit L (derived from the monomer L1), a structural unit B (derived from the monomer B1), a structural unit T1 (derived from the monomer T1c), and a structural unit T2 (derived from the monomer T2c).
- the proportion of each structural unit was 45.5%, 18.2%, 9.1%, and 27.2%, respectively.
- the number average molecular weight of the obtained charge transporting polymer 12 was 18,900, and the weight average molecular weight was 49,100.
- the charge transporting polymer 12 has a structural unit L (derived from the monomer L2), a structural unit B (derived from the monomer B1), a structural unit T1 (derived from the monomer T1c), and a structural unit T2 (derived from the monomer T2a).
- the ratio of each structural unit was 45.5%, 18.2%, 9.1%, and 27.2% in order.
- thermogravimetric decrease (mass%) was measured using a thermogravimetric-indicating heat (TG-DTA) analyzer (“DTG-60 / 60H” manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation), 10 mg of the charge transporting polymer, It is a value measured when heated to 300 ° C. under a temperature rising condition of 5 ° C./min in the air, the smaller the measured value, the better the heat resistance.
- TG-DTA thermogravimetric-indicating heat
- the charge transporting polymers 3 to 12 having a specific structural site represented by the formula (I) are compared with the charge transporting polymers 1 and 2 having no specific structural site. It can be seen that the decrease in thermal weight during heating at 300 ° C. is clearly small and has excellent heat resistance. Therefore, it becomes possible to provide an organic electronic material having excellent heat resistance by using a charge transporting polymer having a specific structural site represented by the formula (I).
- the heat resistance of the polymers 4 to 9 and 12 is superior to that of the polymer 3, so that the heat resistance can be increased by increasing the proportion of the ring structure contained in the molecule. It can be seen that further improvement is possible.
- organic hole-only device (Example 1) Under the atmosphere, the charge transporting polymer 3 (10.0 mg) prepared above, the following polymerization initiator 1 (0.5 mg), and toluene (2.3 mL) were mixed to prepare an ink composition.
- the ink composition was spin-coated on a glass substrate patterned with a width of 1.6 mm at a rotation speed of 3,000 min ⁇ 1 and then cured by heating on a hot plate at 200 ° C. for 30 minutes to form a hole injection layer (100 nm) was formed.
- the glass substrate obtained above is transferred into a vacuum vapor deposition machine, and ⁇ -NPD (20 nm) and Al (100 nm) are formed in this order on the hole injection layer by vapor deposition, and sealing treatment is performed to obtain organic HOD1. Produced.
- the ink composition is spin-coated at a rotation speed of 3,000 min ⁇ 1 on a glass substrate patterned with a width of 1.6 mm by the same method as the production of organic HOD1, and heated on a hot plate at 200 ° C. for 30 minutes. did. Furthermore, organic HOD2 was produced in the same manner as in the production of organic HOD1, except that the hole injection layer was formed by additional heating at 230 ° C. for 30 minutes in a nitrogen atmosphere.
- Example 2 Each organic HOD was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the charge transporting polymer 3 was changed to the charge transporting polymer 4 in the step of forming the hole injection layer in the organic HODs 1 and 2 of Example 1. .
- Example 3 Each organic HOD was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the charge transporting polymer 3 was changed to the charge transporting polymer 5 in the step of forming the hole injection layer in the organic HODs 1 and 2 of Example 1.
- Example 4 Each organic HOD was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the charge transporting polymer 3 was changed to the charge transporting polymer 6 in the step of forming the hole injection layer in the organic HODs 1 and 2 of Example 1.
- Example 5 Each organic HOD was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the charge transporting polymer 3 was changed to the charge transporting polymer 7 in the step of forming the hole injection layer in the organic HODs 1 and 2 of Example 1. .
- Example 6 Each organic HOD was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the charge transporting polymer 3 was changed to the charge transporting polymer 8 in the hole injection layer forming step in the organic HODs 1 and 2 of Example 1. .
- Example 7 Each organic HOD was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the charge transporting polymer 3 was changed to the charge transporting polymer 9 in the step of forming the hole injection layer in the organic HODs 1 and 2 of Example 1. .
- Example 8 Each organic HOD was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the charge transporting polymer 3 was changed to the charge transporting polymer 10 in the step of forming the hole injection layer in the organic HODs 1 and 2 of Example 1. .
- Example 9 Each organic HOD was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the charge transporting polymer 3 was changed to the charge transporting polymer 11 in the step of forming the hole injection layer in the organic HODs 1 and 2 of Example 1. .
- Example 10 Each organic HOD was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the charge transporting polymer 3 was changed to the charge transporting polymer 12 in the step of forming the hole injection layer in the organic HODs 1 and 2 of Example 1. .
- Each organic HOD was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the charge transporting polymer 3 was changed to the charge transporting polymer 1 in the step of forming the hole injection layer in the organic HODs 1 and 2 of Example 1. .
- the ink composition was spin-coated on a quartz glass plate at room temperature (25 ° C.) at a rotation speed of 3,000 min ⁇ 1 to form an organic thin film.
- the quartz glass plate having the organic thin film was heated on a hot plate at 200 ° C. for 30 minutes to cure the organic thin film.
- the quartz glass plate was grasped with tweezers and immersed in a 200 mL beaker filled with toluene (25 ° C.), and the quartz glass plate was vibrated 10 times in 10 seconds in the thickness direction of the quartz glass plate.
- the remaining film ratio of the organic thin film was obtained by the following formula. The higher the remaining film ratio, the better the curability of the ink composition.
- Remaining film ratio (%) Abs of organic thin film after immersion / Abs ⁇ 100 of organic thin film before immersion The absorbance was measured using a spectrophotometer (U-3310 manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd.), and the absorbance of the organic thin film at the maximum absorption wavelength in the wavelength range of 300 to 500 nm was measured.
- Driving voltage 1 It is a value measured at a current density of 300 mA / cm for organic HOD1 (heated at 200 ° C. for 30 minutes).
- Driving voltage 2 Organic HOD2 (heated at 200 ° C. for 30 minutes and further heated at 230 ° C. for 30 minutes) is a value measured at a current density of 300 mA / cm.
- the organic HOD of Examples 1 to 10 resulted in a smaller drive voltage increase than Comparative Examples 1 and 2. That is, from the viewpoint of the constituent material of the hole injection layer, the driving voltage after high-temperature heating is reduced by using an organic electronic material containing a charge transporting polymer (having excellent heat resistance) with little thermogravimetric loss. It can be seen that the rise is suppressed. From this, it turns out that the thermal deterioration of an organic layer is suppressed by using the organic electronics material which is embodiment of this invention. It can also be seen that the organic electronic materials (Examples 1 to 10) which are the embodiments of the present invention are all excellent in curability and suitable for wet processes.
- Example 11 Under an air atmosphere, the charge transporting polymer 3 (10.0 mg), the polymerization initiator 1 (0.5 mg), and toluene (2.3 mL) were mixed to prepare an ink composition.
- the ink composition was spin-coated on a glass substrate patterned with ITO to a width of 1.6 mm at a rotation speed of 3,000 min ⁇ 1 , and then cured by heating on a hot plate at 200 ° C. for 10 minutes. Furthermore, it was heated at 230 ° C. for 30 minutes in a nitrogen atmosphere to form a hole injection layer (30 nm).
- the glass substrate having the hole injection layer was transferred into a vacuum deposition machine, and ⁇ -NPD (40 nm), CBP: Ir (ppy) 3 (94: 6, 30 nm), BAlq (10 nm) was formed on the hole injection layer. , TPBi (30 nm), LiF (0.8 nm), and Al (100 nm) were formed in this order by a vapor deposition method. Then, the sealing process was performed and the organic EL element was produced.
- Example 12 An organic EL device was produced in the same manner as in Example 11 except that the charge transporting polymer 3 was changed to the charge transporting polymer 4 in the step of forming the hole injection layer in the organic EL device of Example 11.
- Example 13 An organic EL device was produced in the same manner as in Example 11 except that the charge transporting polymer 3 was changed to the charge transporting polymer 12 in the step of forming the hole injection layer in the organic EL device of Example 11.
- the organic EL elements of Examples 11 to 13 have a hole injection layer obtained by applying a high temperature baking process. In all cases, excellent results were obtained in drive voltage, light emission efficiency, and light emission lifetime. That is, it can be seen that by using a charge transporting polymer having excellent heat resistance as the hole injection layer material, thermal deterioration is suppressed and the hole injection property can be maintained.
- the effect of the embodiment of the present invention was shown by the examples. However, according to the present invention, the same effect can be obtained by using other charge transporting compounds without departing from the scope of the present invention, not limited to the charge transporting polymers used in the examples.
- the organic electronic material of the present invention it is not limited to the organic EL elements shown in the examples, and in other organic electronic elements, it is possible to suppress the thermal deterioration of the organic layer. I understand.
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Abstract
Description
本願の開示は、国際出願番号PCT/JP2016/082991に記載の主題と関連しており、それらのすべての開示内容は引用によりここに援用される。
本発明の実施形態の有機エレクトロニクス材料は、下式(I)で示される特定の構造部位を有する電荷輸送性化合物を1種以上含有することを特徴とする。
式中、Arは炭素数2~30のアリーレン基又はヘテロアリーレン基を表し、Xは連結基を表し、Yは炭素数1~10の脂肪族炭化水素基を表し、Zは置換又は非置換の重合性官能基を表す。
本発明の特徴となる上記電荷輸送性化合物は、電荷輸送性を有する構造単位を1以上有し、上記構造単位の少なくとも1つが、上記式(I)で表される構造部位を含む。以下、式(I)で表される構造部位について詳細に説明する。
式(I)において、Yは、炭素数1~10の2価の脂肪族炭化水素基である。脂肪族炭化水素基は、直鎖、分岐、環状、又はこれらを組み合わせた構造を有してよい。脂肪族炭化水素基は、飽和であっても、不飽和であってもよい。
式中、nは1~10であり、好ましくは1~8、より好ましくは1~6である。耐熱性の観点から、nは1~4であることがさらに好ましく、nは1又は2であることが最も好ましい。
上記各式において、Zは、重合性官能基を表す。「重合性官能基」とは、熱及び/又は光を加えることにより、結合を形成し得る官能基をいう。重合性官能基Zは、非置換であっても、置換基を有してよい。重合性官能基Zの具体例として、炭素-炭素多重結合を有する基(例えば、ビニル基、アリル基、ブテニル基、エチニル基、アクリロイル基、メタクリロイル基等)、小員環を有する基(例えば、シクロプロピル基、シクロブチル基等の環状アルキル基;エポキシ基(オキシラニル基)、オキセタン基(オキセタニル基)等の環状エーテル基;ジケテン基;エピスルフィド基;ラクトン基;ラクタム基等)、複素環基(例えば、フラン-イル基、ピロール-イル基、チオフェン-イル基、シロール-イル基)などが挙げられる。
電荷輸送性化合物が高分子化合物である場合、電荷輸送性化合物は、ポリマー又はオリゴマーであってよい。以下、これらをまとめて「電荷輸送性ポリマー」と称する。電荷輸送性ポリマーは、その分子内に、先に説明した下式(I)で表される少なくとも1つの構造部位を有する。
末端部に-Ar-CH2-O-で表される構造部位を含む電荷輸送性ポリマーは、加熱によって分子内の結合が切断しやすく、耐熱性に乏しい傾向がある。これに対し、本願発明の実施形態によれば、式(I)で表される構造部位を有する電荷輸送性ポリマーを構成することによって、電荷輸送性ポリマーの耐熱性を改善することができる。
電荷輸送性ポリマーに含まれる部分構造の例として、以下が挙げられる。電荷輸送性ポリマーは以下の部分構造を有するポリマーに限定されない。部分構造中、「L」は構造単位Lを、「T」は構造単位Tを、「B」は構造単位Bを表す。「*」は、他の構造単位との結合部位を表す。以下の部分構造中、複数のLは、互いに同一の構造単位であっても、互いに異なる構造単位であってもよい。T及びBについても、同様である。
構造単位Lは、電荷輸送性を有する2価の構造単位である。構造単位Lは、電荷を輸送する能力を有する原子団を含んでいればよく、特に限定されない。例えば、構造単位Lは、置換又は非置換の、芳香族アミン構造、カルバゾール構造、チオフェン構造、フルオレン構造、ベンゼン構造、ビフェニル構造、ターフェニル構造、ナフタレン構造、アントラセン構造、テトラセン構造、フェナントレン構造、ジヒドロフェナントレン構造、ピリジン構造、ピラジン構造、キノリン構造、イソキノリン構造、キノキサリン構造、アクリジン構造、ジアザフェナントレン構造、フラン構造、ピロール構造、オキサゾール構造、オキサジアゾール構造、チアゾール構造、チアジアゾール構造、トリアゾール構造、ベンゾチオフェン構造、ベンゾオキサゾール構造、ベンゾオキサジアゾール構造、ベンゾチアゾール構造、ベンゾチアジアゾール構造、ベンゾトリアゾール構造、及び、これらの1種又は2種以上を含む構造から選択される。芳香族アミン構造は、好ましくはトリアリールアミン構造であり、より好ましくはトリフェニルアミン構造である。
上記置換基のR1~R8は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子;炭素数1~22個の直鎖、環状又は分岐アルキル基;又は、炭素数2~30個のアリール基又はヘテロアリール基を表す。アリール基は、芳香族炭化水素から水素原子1個を除いた原子団である。ヘテロアリール基は、芳香族複素環から水素原子1個を除いた原子団である。アルキル基は、さらに、炭素数2~20個のアリール基又はヘテロアリール基により置換されていてもよく、アリール基又はヘテロアリール基は、さらに、炭素数1~22個の直鎖、環状又は分岐アルキル基により置換されていてもよい。Rは、好ましくは、水素原子、又はアルキル基、アリール基、及びアルキル置換アリール基からなる群から選択される置換基である。
一実施形態において、ポリマーの分子量を大きくする観点から、Rは置換基であることがより好ましい。Rが置換基の場合、電荷輸送性ポリマーの分子量を大きくすることが容易であり、また優れた耐熱性を得ることが容易である。
一実施形態において、電荷輸送性ポリマーは、非極性溶媒とともに用いられる。非極性溶媒の例として、ベンゼン、トルエン、ヘキサン、酢酸エチル、ジオキサン、テトラヒドロフラン等が挙げられる。一般に、ポリマーは分子量の増加に伴い非極性溶媒への溶解性が低下しやすい。これに対し、置換基の導入によってポリマーの分子量を増加させた場合、溶解性の低下を抑制することが容易となる。
Arは、炭素数2~30個のアリーレン基又はヘテロアリーレン基を表す。アリーレン基は、芳香族炭化水素から水素原子2個を除いた原子団である。ヘテロアリーレン基は、芳香族複素環から水素原子2個を除いた原子団である。Arは、好ましくはアリーレン基であり、より好ましくはフェニレン基である。
構造単位Bは、電荷輸送性ポリマーが分岐構造を有する場合に、分岐部を構成する3価以上の構造単位である。構造単位Bは、有機エレクトロニクス素子の耐久性向上の観点から、好ましくは6価以下であり、より好ましくは3価又は4価である。構造単位Bは、電荷輸送性を有する単位であることが好ましい。例えば、構造単位Bは、有機エレクトロニクス素子の耐久性向上の観点から、置換又は非置換の、芳香族アミン構造、カルバゾール構造、縮合多環式芳香族炭化水素構造、及び、これらの1種又は2種以上を含有する構造から選択される。
構造単位Tは、電荷輸送性ポリマーの末端部を構成する1価の構造単位である。電荷輸送性ポリマーは硬化性を高める観点から末端部に重合性官能基を有することが好ましい。一実施形態において、電荷輸送性ポリマーは、下式(I)で表される構造を有する構造単位T1を含むことが好ましい。式中、Ar、X、Y、Zは先に説明したとおりである。
上記構造単位T1を含む電荷輸送性ポリマーを使用することによって、優れた硬化性及び耐熱性を得ることが容易となる。構造単位T1は、先に示した式(I-1)及び(I-2)の少なくとも一方を有することが好ましい。構造単位T1は、先に示した式(I-3)の構造を有することがより好ましい。
式中、Arは、炭素数2~30のアリーレン基又はヘテロアリーレン基を表す。
電荷輸送性ポリマーの数平均分子量は、溶剤への溶解性、成膜性等を考慮して適宜、調整できる。数平均分子量は、電荷輸送性に優れるという観点から、500以上が好ましく、1,000以上がより好ましく、2,000以上がさらに好ましい。また、数平均分子量は、溶媒への良好な溶解性を保ち、インク組成物の調製を容易にするという観点から、1,000,000以下が好ましく、100,000以下がより好ましく、50,000以下がさらに好ましい。
電荷輸送性ポリマーの重量平均分子量は、溶剤への溶解性、成膜性等を考慮して適宜、調整できる。重量平均分子量は、電荷輸送性に優れるという観点から、1,000以上が好ましく、5,000以上がより好ましく、10,000以上がさらに好ましい。優れた耐熱性が容易に得られる観点から、重量平均分子量は40,000より大きいことが好ましく、41,000以上がより好ましい。また、重量平均分子量は、溶媒への良好な溶解性を保ち、インク組成物の調製を容易にするという観点から、1,000,000以下が好ましく、700,000以下がより好ましく、400,000以下がさらに好ましい。
送液ポンプ :L-6050 (株)日立ハイテクノロジーズ
UV-Vis検出器:L-3000 (株)日立ハイテクノロジーズ
カラム :Gelpack(登録商標) GL-A160S/GL-A150S 日立化成(株)
溶離液 :THF(HPLC用、安定剤を含まない) 和光純薬工業(株)
流速 :1mL/min
カラム温度 :室温
分子量標準物質 :標準ポリスチレン
電荷輸送性ポリマーに含まれる構造単位Lの割合は、十分な電荷輸送性を得る観点から、全構造単位を基準として、10モル%以上が好ましく、20モル%以上がより好ましく、30モル%以上がさらに好ましい。また、構造単位Lの割合は、構造単位T及び必要に応じて導入される構造単位Bを考慮すると、95モル%以下が好ましく、90モル%以下がより好ましく、85モル%以下がさらに好ましい。
電荷輸送性ポリマーは、種々の合成方法により製造でき、特に限定されない。例えば、鈴木カップリング、根岸カップリング、園頭カップリング、スティルカップリング、ブッフバルト・ハートウィッグカップリング等の公知のカップリング反応を用いることができる。鈴木カップリングは、芳香族ボロン酸誘導体と芳香族ハロゲン化物の間で、Pd触媒を用いたクロスカップリング反応を起こさせるものである。鈴木カップリングによれば、所望とする芳香環同士を結合させることにより、電荷輸送性ポリマーを簡便に製造できる。
有機エレクトロニクス材料は、ドーパントをさらに含有してもよい。ドーパントは、有機エレクトロニクス材料に添加することでドーピング効果を発現させ、電荷の輸送性を向上させ得る化合物であればよく、特に制限はない。ドーピングには、p型ドーピングとn型ドーピングがあり、p型ドーピングではドーパントとして電子受容体として働く物質が用いられ、n型ドーピングではドーパントとして電子供与体として働く物質が用いられる。正孔輸送性の向上にはp型ドーピング、電子輸送性の向上にはn型ドーピングを行うことが好ましい。有機エレクトロニクス材料に用いられるドーパントは、p型ドーピング又はn型ドーピングのいずれの効果を発現させるドーパントであってもよい。また、1種のドーパントを単独で添加しても、複数種のドーパントを混合して添加してもよい。
有機エレクトロニクス材料は、電荷輸送性低分子化合物、及び他の電荷輸送性ポリマー等をさらに含有してもよい。
電荷輸送性化合物の含有量は、良好な電荷輸送性を得る観点から、有機エレクトロニクス材料の全質量に対して、50質量%以上が好ましく、70質量%以上がより好ましく、80質量%以上がさらに好ましい。100質量%とすることも可能である。
本実施形態の有機エレクトロニクス材料は、好ましくは、重合開始剤を含有する。重合開始剤として、公知のラジカル重合開始剤、カチオン重合開始剤、アニオン重合開始剤等を使用できる。インク組成物を簡便に調製できる観点から、ドーパントとしての機能と重合開始剤としての機能とを兼ねる物質を用いることが好ましい。例えば、ドーパントとしての機能も備えたカチオン重合開始剤として、先に説明したオニウム塩を好適に使用することができる。例えば、パーフルオロアニオンと、ヨードニウムイオン又はアンモニウムイオン等のカチオンとの塩が挙げられる。オニウム塩の具体例として、以下の化合物が挙げられる。
有機エレクトロニクス材料は、上記実施形態の有機エレクトロニクス材料に、該材料を溶解又は分散し得る溶媒をさらに含有するインク組成物であってよい。このようなインク組成物を構成して用いることによって、塗布法といった簡便な方法によって有機層を容易に形成できる。
溶媒としては、水、有機溶媒、又はこれらの混合溶媒を使用できる。有機溶媒としては、メタノール、エタノール、イソプロピルアルコール等のアルコール;ペンタン、ヘキサン、オクタン等のアルカン;シクロヘキサン等の環状アルカン;ベンゼン、トルエン、キシレン、メシチレン、テトラリン、ジフェニルメタン等の芳香族炭化水素;エチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、エチレングリコールジエチルエーテル、プロピレングリコール-1-モノメチルエーテルアセタート等の脂肪族エーテル;1,2-ジメトキシベンゼン、1,3-ジメトキシベンゼン、アニソール、フェネトール、2-メトキシトルエン、3-メトキシトルエン、4-メトキシトルエン、2,3-ジメチルアニソール、2,4-ジメチルアニソール等の芳香族エーテル;酢酸エチル、酢酸n-ブチル、乳酸エチル、乳酸n-ブチル等の脂肪族エステル;酢酸フェニル、プロピオン酸フェニル、安息香酸メチル、安息香酸エチル、安息香酸プロピル、安息香酸n-ブチル等の芳香族エステル;N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド、N,N-ジメチルアセトアミド等のアミド系溶媒;ジメチルスルホキシド、テトラヒドロフラン、アセトン、クロロホルム、塩化メチレンなどが挙げられる。好ましくは、芳香族炭化水素、脂肪族エステル、芳香族エステル、脂肪族エーテル、芳香族エーテル等である。
インク組成物は、さらに、任意成分として添加剤を含有してもよい。添加剤としては、例えば、重合禁止剤、安定剤、増粘剤、ゲル化剤、難燃剤、酸化防止剤、還元防止剤、酸化剤、還元剤、表面改質剤、乳化剤、消泡剤、分散剤、界面活性剤等が挙げられる。
インク組成物における溶媒の含有量は、種々の塗布方法へ適用することを考慮して定めることができる。例えば、溶媒の含有量は、溶媒に対し電荷輸送性ポリマーの割合が、0.1質量%以上となる量が好ましく、0.2質量%以上となる量がより好ましく、0.5質量%以上となる量がさらに好ましい。また、溶媒の含有量は、溶媒に対し電荷輸送性ポリマーの割合が、20質量%以下となる量が好ましく、15質量%以下となる量がより好ましく、10質量%以下となる量がさらに好ましい。
本発明の実施形態である有機層は、上記実施形態の有機エレクトロニクス材料を用いて形成された層である。上記実施形態の有機エレクトロニクス材料は、インク組成物として用いてもよい。インク組成物を用いることによって、塗布法により有機層を良好に形成できる。塗布方法としては、例えば、スピンコーティング法;キャスト法;浸漬法;凸版印刷、凹版印刷、オフセット印刷、平版印刷、凸版反転オフセット印刷、スクリーン印刷、グラビア印刷等の有版印刷法;インクジェット法等の無版印刷法などの公知の方法が挙げられる。塗布法によって有機層を形成する場合、塗布後に得られた有機層(塗布層)を、ホットプレート又はオーブンを用いて乾燥させ、溶媒を除去してもよい。
本発明の実施形態である有機エレクトロニクス素子は、少なくとも上記実施形態の有機層を有する。有機エレクトロニクス素子として、例えば、有機EL素子、有機光電変換素子、有機トランジスタ等が挙げられる。有機エレクトロニクス素子は、好ましくは、少なくとも一対の電極の間に有機層が配置された構造を有する。
本発明の実施形態である有機EL素子は、少なくとも上記実施形態の有機層を有する。有機EL素子は、通常、発光層、陽極、陰極、及び基板を備えており、必要に応じて、正孔注入層、電子注入層、正孔輸送層、電子輸送層等の他の機能層を備えている。各層は、蒸着法により形成してもよく、塗布法により形成してもよい。有機EL素子は、好ましくは、有機層を発光層又は他の機能層として有し、より好ましくは機能層として有し、さらに好ましくは正孔注入層及び正孔輸送層の少なくとも一方として有する。
発光層に用いる材料として、低分子化合物、ポリマー、デンドリマー等の発光材料を使用できる。ポリマーは、溶媒への溶解性が高く、塗布法に適しているため好ましい。発光材料としては、蛍光材料、燐光材料、熱活性化遅延蛍光材料(TADF)等が挙げられる。
図1では、正孔注入層3及び正孔輸送層6が、上記の有機エレクトロニクス材料を用いて形成された有機層であるが、実施形態の有機EL素子はこのような構造に限らず、他の有機層が上記の有機エレクトロニクス材料を用いて形成された有機層であってもよい。上記の有機エレクトロニクス材料を用いて形成された正孔輸送層及び正孔注入層の少なくとも一方として使用することが好ましく、少なくとも正孔輸送層として使用することがさらに好ましい。例えば、有機EL素子が、上記の有機エレクトロニクス材料を用いて形成された有機層を正孔輸送層として有し、さらに正孔注入層を有する場合、正孔注入層には公知の材料を使用できる。また、例えば、有機EL素子が、上記の有機エレクトロニクス材料を用いて形成された有機層を正孔注入層として有し、さらに正孔輸送層を有する場合、正孔輸送層には公知の材料を使用できる。
電子輸送層及び電子注入層に用いる材料としては、例えば、フェナントロリン誘導体、ビピリジン誘導体、ニトロ置換フルオレン誘導体、ジフェニルキノン誘導体、チオピランジオキシド誘導体、ナフタレン、ペリレンなどの縮合環テトラカルボン酸無水物、カルボジイミド、フルオレニリデンメタン誘導体、アントラキノジメタン及びアントロン誘導体、オキサジアゾール誘導体、チアジアゾール誘導体、ベンゾイミダゾール誘導体(例えば、2,2’,2”-(1,3,5-ベンゼントリイル)トリス(1-フェニル-1H-ベンゾイミダゾール)(TPBi))、キノキサリン誘導体、アルミニウム錯体(例えば、ビス(2-メチル-8-キノリノレート)-4-(フェニルフェノラト)アルミニウム(BAlq))等が挙げられる。また、上記実施形態の有機エレクトロニクス材料も使用できる。
陰極材料としては、例えば、Li、Ca、Mg、Al、In、Cs、Ba、Mg/Ag、LiF、CsF等の金属又は金属合金が用いられる。
陽極材料としては、例えば、金属(例えば、Au)又は導電性を有する他の材料が用いられる。他の材料として、例えば、酸化物(例えば、ITO:酸化インジウム/酸化錫)、導電性高分子(例えば、ポリチオフェン-ポリスチレンスルホン酸混合物(PEDOT:PSS))が挙げられる。
基板として、ガラス、プラスチック等を使用できる。基板は、透明であることが好ましい。また、フレキシブル性を有する基板(フレキシブル基板)が好ましい。基板として、例えば、石英ガラス、光透過性の樹脂フィルム等が好ましく用いられる。
有機EL素子の発光色は特に限定されない。白色の有機EL素子は、家庭用照明、車内照明、時計又は液晶のバックライト等の各種照明器具に用いることができるため好ましい。
本発明の実施形態である表示素子は、上記実施形態の有機EL素子を備えている。例えば、赤、緑及び青(RGB)の各画素に対応する素子として、有機EL素子を用いることで、カラーの表示素子が得られる。画像の形成方法には、マトリックス状に配置した電極でパネルに配列された個々の有機EL素子を直接駆動する単純マトリックス型と、各素子に薄膜トランジスタを配置して駆動するアクティブマトリックス型とがある。
(Pd触媒の調製)
窒素雰囲気下のグローブボックス中で、室温下、サンプル管にトリス(ジベンジリデンアセトン)ジパラジウム(73.2mg、80μmol)を秤取り、アニソール(15mL)を加え、30分間撹拌した。同様に、サンプル管にトリス(t-ブチル)ホスフィン(129.6mg、640μmol)を秤取り、アニソール(5mL)を加え、5分間撹拌した。これらの溶液を混合し室温で30分間撹拌し触媒とした。すべての溶媒は30分以上、窒素バブルにより脱気した後、使用した。
三口丸底フラスコに、下記モノマーL1(5.0mmol)、下記モノマーB1(2.0mmol)、下記モノマーT1a(4.0mmol)、及びアニソール(20mL)を加え、さらに、先に調製したPd触媒溶液(7.5mL)を加えた。30分撹拌した後、10%テトラエチルアンモニウム水酸化物水溶液(20mL)を加えた。すべての溶媒は30分以上、窒素バブルにより脱気した後、使用した。この混合物を2時間、加熱還流した。ここまでの全ての操作は窒素気流下で行った。
送液ポンプ :L-6050 (株)日立ハイテクノロジーズ
UV-Vis検出器:L-3000 (株)日立ハイテクノロジーズ
カラム :Gelpack(登録商標) GL-A160S/GL-A150S 日立化成(株)
溶離液 :THF(HPLC用、安定剤を含まない) 和光純薬工業(株)
流速 :1mL/min
カラム温度 :室温
分子量標準物質 :標準ポリスチレン
三口丸底フラスコに、上記モノマーL1(5.0mmol)、上記モノマーB1(2.0mmol)、下記モノマーT1b(4.0mmol)、及びアニソール(20mL)を加え、さらに、先に調製したPd触媒溶液(7.5mL)を加えた。以降、電荷輸送性ポリマー1の調製と同様にして、電荷輸送性ポリマー2を調製した。
三口丸底フラスコに、上記モノマーL1(5.0mmol)、上記モノマーB1(2.0mmol)、下記モノマーT1c(4.0mmol)、及びアニソール(20mL)を加え、さらに、先に調製したPd触媒溶液(7.5mL)を加えた。以降、電荷輸送性ポリマー1の調製と同様にして、電荷輸送性ポリマー3を調製した。
三口丸底フラスコに、上記モノマーL1(5.0mmol)、上記モノマーB1(2.0mmol)、上記モノマーT1c(1.0mmol)、下記モノマーT2a(3.0mmol)及びアニソール(20mL)を加え、さらに、先に調製したPd触媒溶液(7.5mL)を加えた。以降、電荷輸送性ポリマー1の調製と同様にして、電荷輸送性ポリマー4を調製した。
三口丸底フラスコに、上記モノマーL1(5.0mmol)、上記モノマーB1(2.0mmol)、上記モノマーT1c(1.2mmol)、上記モノマーT2a(2.8mmol)及びアニソール(20mL)を加え、さらに、先に調製したPd触媒溶液(7.5mL)を加えた。以降、電荷輸送性ポリマー1の調製と同様にして、電荷輸送性ポリマー5を調製した。
三口丸底フラスコに、上記モノマーL1(5.0mmol)、上記モノマーB1(2.0mmol)、上記モノマーT1c(1.6mmol)、上記モノマーT2a(2.4mmol)及びアニソール(20mL)を加え、さらに、先に調製したPd触媒溶液(7.5mL)を加えた。以降、電荷輸送性ポリマー1の調製と同様にして、電荷輸送性ポリマー6を調製した。
三口丸底フラスコに、上記モノマーL1(5.0mmol)、上記モノマーB1(2.0mmol)、上記モノマーT1c(2.0mmol)、上記モノマーT2a(2.0mmol)及びアニソール(20mL)を加え、さらに、先に調製したPd触媒溶液(7.5mL)を加えた。以降、電荷輸送性ポリマー1の調製と同様にして、電荷輸送性ポリマー7を調製した。
三口丸底フラスコに、上記モノマーL1(5.0mmol)、上記モノマーB1(2.0mmol)、上記モノマーT1c(2.0mmol)、下記モノマーT2b(2.0mmol)及びアニソール(20mL)を加え、さらに、先に調製したPd触媒溶液(7.5mL)を加えた。以降、電荷輸送性ポリマー1の調製と同様にして、電荷輸送性ポリマー8を調製した。
三口丸底フラスコに、上記モノマーL1(5.0mmol)、上記モノマーB1(2.0mmol)、上記モノマーT1c(1.0mmol)、上記モノマーT2b(3.0mmol)及びアニソール(20mL)を加え、さらに、先に調製したPd触媒溶液(7.5mL)を加えた。以降、電荷輸送性ポリマー1の調製と同様にして、電荷輸送性ポリマー9を調製した。
三口丸底フラスコに、上記モノマーL1(5.0mmol)、上記モノマーB1(2.0mmol)、上記モノマーT1c(2.0mmol)、下記モノマーT2c(2.0mmol)及びアニソール(20mL)を加え、さらに、先に調製したPd触媒溶液(7.5mL)を加えた。以降、電荷輸送性ポリマー1の調製と同様にして、電荷輸送性ポリマー10を調製した。
三口丸底フラスコに、上記モノマーL1(5.0mmol)、上記モノマーB1(2.0mmol)、上記モノマーT1c(1.0mmol)、上記モノマーT2c(3.0mmol)及びアニソール(20mL)を加え、さらに、先に調製したPd触媒溶液(7.5mL)を加えた。以降、電荷輸送性ポリマー1の調製と同様にして、電荷輸送性ポリマー11を調製した。
三口丸底フラスコに、下記モノマーL2(5.0mmol)、上記モノマーB1(2.0mmol)、上記モノマーT1c(1.0mmol)、上記モノマーT2a(3.0mmol)及びアニソール(20mL)を加え、さらに、先に調製したPd触媒溶液(7.5mL)を加えた。以降、電荷輸送性ポリマー1の調製と同様にして、電荷輸送性ポリマー12を調製した。
各電荷輸送性ポリマー1~12の300℃加熱時の熱重量減少を表2に示す。ここで、熱重量減少(質量%)は、熱重量-示査熱(TG-DTA)分析装置(島津製作所株式会社製の「DTG-60/60H」を用いて、電荷輸送性ポリマー10mgを、空気中、5℃/分の昇温条件で300℃まで加熱した際に測定した値である。測定値が少ないほど、耐熱性に優れていることを意味する。
(実施例1)
大気下で、先に調製した電荷輸送性ポリマー3(10.0mg)、下記重合開始剤1(0.5mg)、及びトルエン(2.3mL)を混合し、インク組成物を調製した。ITOを1.6mm幅にパターニングしたガラス基板上に、インク組成物を回転数3,000min-1でスピンコートした後、ホットプレート上で200℃、30分間加熱して硬化させ、正孔注入層(100nm)を形成した。
実施例1の有機HOD1及び2における正孔注入層の形成工程において、電荷輸送性ポリマー3を電荷輸送性ポリマー4に変えた以外は、実施例1と同様にして、それぞれの有機HODを作製した。
実施例1の有機HOD1及び2における正孔注入層の形成工程において電荷輸送性ポリマー3を電荷輸送性ポリマー5に変えた以外は、実施例1と同様にして、それぞれの有機HODを作製した。
実施例1の有機HOD1及び2における正孔注入層の形成工程において、電荷輸送性ポリマー3を電荷輸送性ポリマー6に変えた以外は実施例1と同様にして、それぞれの有機HODを作製した。
実施例1の有機HOD1及び2における正孔注入層の形成工程において、電荷輸送性ポリマー3を電荷輸送性ポリマー7に変えた以外は、実施例1と同様にして、それぞれの有機HODを作製した。
実施例1の有機HOD1及び2における正孔注入層の形成工程において、電荷輸送性ポリマー3を電荷輸送性ポリマー8に変えた以外は、実施例1と同様にして、それぞれの有機HODを作製した。
実施例1の有機HOD1及び2における正孔注入層の形成工程において、電荷輸送性ポリマー3を電荷輸送性ポリマー9に変えた以外は、実施例1と同様にして、それぞれの有機HODを作製した。
実施例1の有機HOD1及び2における正孔注入層の形成工程において、電荷輸送性ポリマー3を電荷輸送性ポリマー10に変えた以外は、実施例1と同様にして、それぞれの有機HODを作製した。
実施例1の有機HOD1及び2における正孔注入層の形成工程において、電荷輸送性ポリマー3を電荷輸送性ポリマー11に変えた以外は、実施例1と同様にして、それぞれの有機HODを作製した。
実施例1の有機HOD1及び2における正孔注入層の形成工程において、電荷輸送性ポリマー3を電荷輸送性ポリマー12に変えた以外は、実施例1と同様にして、それぞれの有機HODを作製した。
実施例1の有機HOD1及び2における正孔注入層の形成工程において、電荷輸送性ポリマー3を電荷輸送性ポリマー1に変えた以外は、実施例1と同様にして、各々の有機HODを作製した。
実施例1の有機HOD1及び2における正孔注入層の形成工程において、電荷輸送性ポリマー3を電荷輸送性ポリマー2に変えた以外は、実施例1と同様にして、それぞれの有機HODを作製した。
実施例1~10、比較例1及び2で作製したそれぞれの有機HODに電圧を印加した。その結果、いずれも電流が流れることが分かり、正孔注入性の機能を持つことが確認された。また、それぞれの有機HODについて、駆動電圧を測定した。測定結果を表3に示す。
以下の方法に従い有機薄膜の残膜率を測定することにより、正孔注入層を形成するために使用したインク組成物の硬化性について評価した。測定結果を表3に示す。
実施例1~10、比較例1及び2で使用した各々の電荷輸送性ポリマー(10.0mg)をトルエン(1.991μL)に溶解し、ポリマー溶液を得た。また、先に示した重合開始剤1(0.309mg)をトルエン(309μL)に溶解し、重合開始剤溶液を得た。得られたポリマー溶液と重合開始剤溶液とを混合し、インク組成物を調製した。
吸光度の測定には、分光光度計(株式会社日立製作所製のU-3310)を用い、有機薄膜について300~500nmの波長範囲での極大吸収波長における吸光度を測定した。
先に調製した電荷輸送性ポリマーを用いて形成した正孔注入層を含む有機EL素子を作製し、その性能を評価した。
大気雰囲気下で、電荷輸送性ポリマー3(10.0mg)、上記重合開始剤1(0.5mg)、及びトルエン(2.3mL)を混合し、インク組成物を調製した。ITOを1.6mm幅にパターニングしたガラス基板上に、インク組成物を回転数3,000min-1でスピンコートし、次いで、ホットプレート上で200℃、10分間加熱して硬化させた。さらに、窒素雰囲気下で230℃、30分間加熱して、正孔注入層(30nm)を形成した。
実施例11の有機EL素子における正孔注入層の形成工程において、電荷輸送性ポリマー3を電荷輸送性ポリマー4に変えた以外は、実施例11と同様にして、有機EL素子を作製した。
実施例11の有機EL素子における正孔注入層の形成工程において、電荷輸送性ポリマー3を電荷輸送性ポリマー12に変えた以外は、実施例11と同様にして、有機EL素子を作製した。
実施例11~13で得た有機EL素子に電圧を印加したところ、いずれも緑色発光が確認された。それぞれの素子について、発光輝度5000cd/m2時の駆動電圧および発光効率、初期輝度5000cd/m2における発光寿命(輝度半減時間)を測定した。測定結果を表4に示す。
2 陽極
3 正孔注入層
4 陰極
5 電子注入層
6 正孔輸送層
7 電子輸送層
8 基板
Claims (24)
- 前記重合性官能基が、オキセタン基、エポキシ基、ビニル基、アクリロイル基、及びメタリロイル基からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種を含む、請求項1に記載の有機エレクトロニクス材料。
- 前記式(I)で表される構造部位が、電荷輸送性化合物の末端に位置する、請求項1又は2に記載の有機エレクトロニクス材料。
- 前記電荷輸送性化合物の300℃加熱時の熱重量減少が5%以下である、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の有機エレクトロニクス材料。
- 前記電荷輸送性化合物が正孔注入層材料である、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の有機エレクトロニクス材料。
- 前記電荷輸送性化合物が、電荷輸送性を有する2価の構造単位を含有する、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の有機エレクトロニクス材料。
- 前記電荷輸送性化合物が、芳香族アミン構造、カルバゾール構造、チオフェン構造、ビチオフェン構造、ベンゼン構造、フェノキサジン構造、及びフルオレン構造からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の構造を含む、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の有機エレクトロニクス材料。
- 前記電荷輸送性化合物が、3方向以上に分岐した構造を有する、請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の有機エレクトロニクス材料。
- 前記電荷輸送性化合物が、電荷輸送性ポリマーである、請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の有機エレクトロニクス材料。
- さらに重合開始剤を含む、請求項1~9のいずれか1項に記載の有機エレクトロニクス材料。
- 前記重合開始剤がカチオン重合開始剤を含む、請求項10に記載の有機エレクトロニクス材料。
- 前記カチオン重合開始剤がオニウム塩を含む、請求項11に記載の有機エレクトロニクス材料。
- さらに溶媒を含む、請求項1~12のいずれか1項に記載の有機エレクトロニクス材料。
- 前記溶媒が、非極性溶媒である、請求項13に記載の有機エレクトロニクス材料。
- 請求項1~14のいずれか1項に記載の有機エレクトロニクス材料により形成された有機層。
- 請求項15に記載の有機層を含む、有機エレクトロニクス素子。
- 請求項15に記載の有機層を含む、有機エレクトロルミネセンス素子。
- 燐光材料を含む発光層を有する、請求項17に記載の有機エレクトロルミネセンス素子。
- 熱活性化遅延蛍光材料を含む発光層を有する、請求項17に記載の有機エレクトロルミネセンス素子。
- フレキシブル基板をさらに有する、請求項17~19のいずれか1項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネセンス素子。
- 樹脂フィルム基板をさらに有する、請求項17~19のいずれか1項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネセンス素子。
- 請求項17~21のいずれか1項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネセンス素子を備えた、表示素子。
- 請求項17~21のいずれか1項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネセンス素子を備えた、照明装置。
- 請求項23に記載の照明装置と、表示手段として液晶素子とを備えた、表示装置。
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US20190288217A1 (en) | 2019-09-19 |
CN109937490A (zh) | 2019-06-25 |
EP3537490A4 (en) | 2020-08-05 |
JPWO2018084009A1 (ja) | 2019-09-26 |
KR102498458B1 (ko) | 2023-02-09 |
KR20190082209A (ko) | 2019-07-09 |
CN109937490B (zh) | 2022-03-15 |
TWI816645B (zh) | 2023-10-01 |
WO2018083801A1 (ja) | 2018-05-11 |
US11398604B2 (en) | 2022-07-26 |
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