WO2018043375A1 - 蓄電素子およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
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- WO2018043375A1 WO2018043375A1 PCT/JP2017/030672 JP2017030672W WO2018043375A1 WO 2018043375 A1 WO2018043375 A1 WO 2018043375A1 JP 2017030672 W JP2017030672 W JP 2017030672W WO 2018043375 A1 WO2018043375 A1 WO 2018043375A1
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- negative electrode
- active material
- material layer
- electrode active
- positive electrode
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- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
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- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a storage element such as a lithium ion secondary battery.
- Patent Document 1 a lithium ion secondary battery including a negative electrode containing graphite powder as a negative electrode active material is known (for example, Patent Document 1).
- the particle size ratio D10 / D50 is 0. 0.1 to 0.52
- D10 is in the range of 1.2 to 9.2 ⁇ m
- D50 is in the range of 10 to 18.5 ⁇ m
- the specific surface area of the powder is 3.0. It is in the range of ⁇ 6.5 m 2 / g.
- An object of the present embodiment is to provide a storage element with improved output performance with a relatively large current.
- the electricity storage device of this embodiment has a negative electrode active material layer containing particulate amorphous carbon, and the distribution curve of the differential pore volume of the negative electrode active material layer peaks in the range of 0.1 ⁇ m to 2 ⁇ m.
- the differential pore volume of the peak is 0.9 cm 3 / g or more.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a power storage device according to this embodiment.
- 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line II-II in FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line III-III in FIG.
- FIG. 4 is a view for explaining the configuration of the electrode body of the energy storage device according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the superimposed positive electrode, negative electrode, and separator (VV cross section of FIG. 4).
- FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a power storage device including the power storage element according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing an example of a distribution curve of the differential pore volume of the negative electrode active material layer.
- FIG. 8 is a graph showing the results of evaluating the output performance.
- FIG. 9 is a graph showing the results of evaluating the output performance.
- each component (each component) of this embodiment is a thing in this embodiment, and may differ from the name of each component (each component) in background art.
- the electricity storage device 1 of the present embodiment is a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery. More specifically, the electricity storage element 1 is a lithium ion secondary battery that utilizes electron movement that occurs in association with movement of lithium ions. This type of power storage element 1 supplies electric energy.
- the electric storage element 1 is used singly or in plural. Specifically, the storage element 1 is used as a single unit when the required output and the required voltage are small.
- power storage element 1 is used in power storage device 100 in combination with other power storage elements 1 when at least one of a required output and a required voltage is large. In the power storage device 100, the power storage element 1 used in the power storage device 100 supplies electric energy.
- the storage element 1 includes an electrode body 2 including a positive electrode 11 and a negative electrode 12, a case 3 that houses the electrode body 2, and an external terminal 7 that is disposed outside the case 3. And an external terminal 7 that is electrically connected to the electrode body 2.
- the power storage element 1 includes a current collector 5 that electrically connects the electrode body 2 and the external terminal 7.
- the electrode body 2 is formed by winding a laminated body 22 in which the positive electrode 11 and the negative electrode 12 are laminated with the separator 4 being insulated from each other.
- the positive electrode 11 has a metal foil 111 (positive electrode base material) and an active material layer 112 that is superimposed on the surface of the metal foil 111 and contains an active material. In the present embodiment, the active material layer 112 overlaps both surfaces of the metal foil 111.
- the thickness of the positive electrode 11 is usually 40 ⁇ m or more and 150 ⁇ m or less.
- the metal foil 111 has a strip shape.
- the metal foil 111 of the positive electrode 11 of this embodiment is, for example, an aluminum foil.
- the positive electrode 11 has an uncovered portion (a portion where the positive electrode active material layer is not formed) 115 of the positive electrode active material layer 112 at one edge portion in the width direction, which is the short direction of the band shape.
- the positive electrode active material layer 112 includes a particulate active material, a particulate conductive aid, and a binder.
- the thickness of the positive electrode active material layer 112 (for one layer) is usually 12 ⁇ m or more and 70 ⁇ m or less.
- the active material of the positive electrode 11 is a compound capable of occluding and releasing lithium ions.
- the particle diameter of the active material of the positive electrode 11 is usually 3 ⁇ m or more and 8 ⁇ m or less.
- the active material of the positive electrode 11 is, for example, a lithium metal oxide.
- the active material of the positive electrode for example, Li p MeO t (Me represents one or more transition metal) complex oxide represented by (Li p Co s O 2, Li p Ni q O 2, Li p Mn r O 4 , Li p Ni q Co s Mn r O 2 , etc.), or, Li p Me u (XO v ) w (Me represents one or more transition metals, X is e.g. P, Si, B, a polyanion compounds represented by the representative of the V) (Li p Fe u PO 4, Li p Mn u PO 4, Li p Mn u SiO 4, Li p Co u PO 4 F , etc.).
- Li p Ni q Mn r Co s O lithium-metal composite oxide represented by the chemical composition of the t, for example, LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2, LiNi 1/6 Co 1 / 6 Mn 2/3 O 2 , LiCoO 2 and the like.
- binder used for the positive electrode active material layer 112 examples include polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF), a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl alcohol, polymethyl methacrylate, polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylic acid, and polymethacrylic acid. Acid, styrene butadiene rubber (SBR).
- SBR styrene butadiene rubber
- the conductive additive of the positive electrode active material layer 112 is a carbonaceous material containing 98% by mass or more of carbon.
- Examples of the carbonaceous material include ketjen black (registered trademark), acetylene black, and graphite.
- the positive electrode active material layer 112 of this embodiment has acetylene black as a conductive additive.
- the negative electrode 12 has a metal foil 121 (negative electrode base material) and a negative electrode active material layer 122 formed on the metal foil 121.
- the negative electrode active material layer 122 is overlaid on both surfaces of the metal foil 121.
- the metal foil 121 has a strip shape.
- the metal foil 121 of the negative electrode of this embodiment is, for example, a copper foil.
- the negative electrode 12 has an uncoated portion 125 of the negative electrode active material layer 122 (a portion where the negative electrode active material layer is not formed) at one end edge in the width direction, which is the short direction of the belt shape.
- the thickness of the negative electrode 12 is usually 40 ⁇ m or more and 150 ⁇ m or less.
- the negative electrode active material layer 122 includes a particulate active material (active material particles) and a binder.
- the negative electrode active material layer 122 is disposed so as to face the positive electrode 11 with the separator 4 interposed therebetween.
- the width of the negative electrode active material layer 122 is larger than the width of the positive electrode active material layer 112.
- the distribution curve of the differential pore volume of the negative electrode active material layer 122 has a peak in the range of 0.1 ⁇ m to 2 ⁇ m, and the differential pore volume of the peak is 0.9 cm 3 / g or more.
- the differential pore volume of the peak is usually 1.8 cm 3 / g or less.
- the distribution curve may have a peak in the range of 0.1 ⁇ m to 1 ⁇ m. Note that the total pore volume of the negative electrode active material layer 122 is usually 0.28 cm 3 / g or more and 0.60 cm 3 / g or less.
- the differential pore volume distribution curve is obtained by the mercury intrusion method.
- the mercury intrusion method can be performed using a mercury intrusion porosimeter. Specifically, the mercury intrusion method is performed in accordance with Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS R1655: 2003).
- the distribution curve of the differential pore volume is obtained by expressing the result measured by the mercury intrusion method as the “logarithmic differential pore volume” in the above standard.
- the distribution curve of the differential pore volume of the negative electrode active material layer in the manufactured battery can be obtained, for example, as follows. First, after discharging the battery, the battery is disassembled in a dry atmosphere. Next, the active material layer is taken out and washed with dimethyl carbonate, followed by vacuum drying for 2 hours or more. Then, said distribution curve can be calculated
- the peak differential pore volume that appears in the range of 0.1 ⁇ m to 2 ⁇ m is, for example, a mixture (composition) for forming the negative electrode active material layer 122. It can be adjusted by changing the amount of solid content in). Specifically, the peak differential pore volume can be increased by reducing the amount of solid content in the mixture (composition).
- the solid content is preferably 70% by mass or less, and more preferably 65% by mass or less. Moreover, 50 mass% or more is preferable from a viewpoint of improving the handling of a composite material (composition).
- the differential pore volume of the peak appearing in the range of 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 2 ⁇ m or less can also be adjusted by changing the average diameter D50 of the active material particles.
- the average diameter D50 of the active material particles of the negative electrode 12 is preferably 1.0 ⁇ m or more, and more preferably 2.0 ⁇ m or more. Moreover, it is preferable that it is 5.0 micrometers or less, and it is more preferable that it is 3.0 micrometers or less.
- the active material of the negative electrode 12 can contribute to the electrode reaction of the charge reaction and the discharge reaction in the negative electrode 12.
- the active material of the negative electrode 12 is amorphous carbon.
- the negative electrode active material layer 122 includes at least one of non-graphitizable carbon and graphitizable carbon.
- the active material of the negative electrode 12 of this embodiment is non-graphitizable carbon.
- the amorphous carbon means that, in a discharge state, the average interplanar spacing d002 of the (002) plane obtained by a wide angle X-ray diffraction method using CuK ⁇ rays as a radiation source is 0.340 nm or more and 0.390 nm or less. Is.
- non-graphitizable carbon is one having the average interplanar spacing d002 of 0.360 nm or more and 0.390 nm or less.
- the average diameter D50 of the active material of the negative electrode 12 is an average diameter (also referred to as a median diameter) in which the volume cumulative distribution is drawn from the small diameter side in the particle size distribution of the particle diameter, and the volume cumulative frequency is 50%.
- the average diameter D50 is obtained by measurement using a laser diffraction / scattering particle size distribution measuring apparatus. The measurement conditions will be described in detail in the examples.
- the battery is disassembled in a dry atmosphere. Next, the active material layer is taken out, washed with dimethyl carbonate and crushed, followed by vacuum drying for 2 hours or more. Then, it can measure using a particle size distribution measuring apparatus.
- the thickness of the negative electrode active material layer 122 (for one layer) is usually 10 ⁇ m or more and 70 ⁇ m or less. Such thickness may be not less than 40 ⁇ m and not more than 70 ⁇ m.
- the basis weight (one layer) of the negative electrode active material layer 122 is usually 3 mg / cm 2 or more and 10 mg / cm 2 or less.
- the density (one layer) of the negative electrode active material layer 122 is usually 0.6 g / cm 3 or more and 1.5 g / cm 3 or less.
- the thickness of the negative electrode active material layer 122 (for one layer) is an average thickness of at least five thicknesses selected at random.
- the basis weight and density of the negative electrode active material layer 122 are those for one layer arranged so as to cover one surface of the metal foil 121.
- the density of the negative electrode active material layer 122 is determined by cutting the negative electrode 12 into a predetermined size, measuring the mass and thickness, peeling the negative electrode active material layer 122 from the metal foil 121, and determining the mass and thickness of the metal foil 121. Is measured, and the mass and thickness of the metal foil 121 are subtracted from the mass and thickness of the negative electrode 12, respectively.
- the binder used for the negative electrode active material layer is the same as the binder used for the positive electrode active material layer.
- the binder of this embodiment is styrene butadiene rubber (SBR).
- the proportion of the binder may be 5% by mass to 10% by mass with respect to the total mass of the negative electrode active material and the binder.
- the negative electrode active material layer 122 contains a cellulose derivative in addition to the active material particles and the binder.
- the cellulose derivative is obtained by reacting a part of the hydroxy group of cellulose with a compound having a hydrophilic group.
- the negative electrode active material layer 122 usually contains 0.3 to 2.0% by mass of a cellulose derivative.
- the cellulose derivative is, for example, carboxymethylcellulose (including a salt), hydroxyethylcellulose, or hydroxypropylmethylcellulose.
- the cellulose derivative of this embodiment is carboxymethyl cellulose.
- Carboxymethyl cellulose may be in a salt state.
- the negative electrode active material layer 122 may further include a conductive additive such as ketjen black (registered trademark), acetylene black, or graphite.
- a conductive additive such as ketjen black (registered trademark), acetylene black, or graphite.
- the negative electrode active material layer 122 of this embodiment does not have a conductive additive.
- the positive electrode 11 and the negative electrode 12 configured as described above are wound in a state where they are insulated by the separator 4. That is, in the electrode body 2 of the present embodiment, the stacked body 22 of the positive electrode 11, the negative electrode 12, and the separator 4 is wound.
- the separator 4 is a member having insulating properties.
- the separator 4 is disposed between the positive electrode 11 and the negative electrode 12. Thereby, in the electrode body 2 (specifically, the laminated body 22), the positive electrode 11 and the negative electrode 12 are insulated from each other.
- the separator 4 holds the electrolytic solution in the case 3. Thereby, at the time of charging / discharging of the electrical storage element 1, lithium ion moves between the positive electrode 11 and the negative electrode 12 which are laminated
- the separator 4 has a strip shape.
- the separator 4 has a porous separator base material.
- the separator 4 of this embodiment has only a separator base material.
- the separator 4 is disposed between the positive electrode 11 and the negative electrode 12 in order to prevent a short circuit between the positive electrode 11 and the negative electrode 12.
- the separator substrate is configured to be porous.
- the separator substrate is, for example, a woven fabric, a nonwoven fabric, or a porous film.
- the material for the separator substrate include polymer compounds, glass, and ceramics.
- the polymer compound include polyesters such as polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polyamide (PA), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyolefins (PO) such as polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE), and cellulose. .
- the width of the separator 4 (the dimension of the strip shape in the short direction) is slightly larger than the width of the negative electrode active material layer 122.
- the separator 4 is disposed between the positive electrode 11 and the negative electrode 12 that are stacked in a state of being displaced in the width direction so that the positive electrode active material layer 112 and the negative electrode active material layer 122 overlap. At this time, as shown in FIG. 4, the non-covered portion 115 of the positive electrode 11 and the non-covered portion 125 of the negative electrode 12 do not overlap.
- the uncovered portion 115 of the positive electrode 11 protrudes in the width direction from the region where the positive electrode 11 and the negative electrode 12 overlap, and the non-covered portion 125 of the negative electrode 12 extends from the region where the positive electrode 11 and the negative electrode 12 overlap in the width direction ( Projecting in the direction opposite to the protruding direction of the non-covered portion 115 of the positive electrode 11.
- the electrode body 2 is formed by winding the stacked positive electrode 11, negative electrode 12, and separator 4, that is, the stacked body 22.
- the portion where only the uncovered portion 115 of the positive electrode 11 or the uncovered portion 125 of the negative electrode 12 is stacked constitutes the uncoated stacked portion 26 in the electrode body 2.
- the uncoated laminated portion 26 is a portion that is electrically connected to the current collector 5 in the electrode body 2.
- the non-coated laminated portion 26 has two parts (halved uncoated laminated portions) across the hollow portion 27 (see FIG. 4) in the winding center direction view of the wound positive electrode 11, negative electrode 12, and separator 4. ) 261.
- the uncoated laminated portion 26 configured as described above is provided at each electrode of the electrode body 2. That is, the non-coated laminated portion 26 in which only the non-coated portion 115 of the positive electrode 11 is laminated constitutes the non-coated laminated portion of the positive electrode 11 in the electrode body 2, and the non-coated laminated layer in which only the non-coated portion 125 of the negative electrode 12 is laminated. The portion 26 constitutes an uncoated laminated portion of the negative electrode 12 in the electrode body 2.
- the case 3 includes a case main body 31 having an opening and a lid plate 32 that closes (closes) the opening of the case main body 31.
- the case 3 houses the electrolytic solution in the internal space together with the electrode body 2 and the current collector 5.
- Case 3 is formed of a metal having resistance to the electrolytic solution.
- the case 3 is made of an aluminum-based metal material such as aluminum or an aluminum alloy, for example.
- the case 3 may be formed of a metal material such as stainless steel and nickel, or a composite material obtained by bonding a resin such as nylon to aluminum.
- the electrolytic solution is a non-aqueous electrolytic solution.
- the electrolytic solution is obtained by dissolving an electrolyte salt in an organic solvent.
- the organic solvent include cyclic carbonates such as propylene carbonate and ethylene carbonate, and chain carbonates such as dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, and ethyl methyl carbonate.
- the electrolyte salt is LiClO 4 , LiBF 4 , LiPF 6 or the like.
- the electrolytic solution of this embodiment is obtained by dissolving 0.5 to 1.5 mol / L LiPF 6 in a mixed solvent in which propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, and ethyl methyl carbonate are mixed at a predetermined ratio.
- the case 3 is formed by joining the peripheral edge of the opening of the case main body 31 and the peripheral edge of the rectangular lid plate 32 in an overlapping state.
- the case 3 has an internal space defined by the case main body 31 and the lid plate 32.
- the opening peripheral part of the case main body 31 and the peripheral part of the cover plate 32 are joined by welding.
- the long side direction of the cover plate 32 is the X-axis direction
- the short side direction of the cover plate 32 is the Y-axis direction
- the normal direction of the cover plate 32 is the Z-axis direction.
- the case body 31 has a rectangular tube shape (that is, a bottomed rectangular tube shape) in which one end in the opening direction (Z-axis direction) is closed.
- the lid plate 32 is a plate-like member that closes the opening of the case body 31.
- the lid plate 32 has a gas discharge valve 321 that can discharge the gas in the case 3 to the outside.
- the gas discharge valve 321 discharges gas from the inside of the case 3 to the outside when the internal pressure of the case 3 rises to a predetermined pressure.
- the gas discharge valve 321 is provided at the center of the lid plate 32 in the X-axis direction.
- Case 3 is provided with a liquid injection hole for injecting an electrolytic solution.
- the liquid injection hole communicates the inside and the outside of the case 3.
- the liquid injection hole is provided in the lid plate 32.
- the liquid injection hole is sealed (closed) by a liquid injection stopper 326.
- the liquid filling tap 326 is fixed to the case 3 (the cover plate 32 in the example of the present embodiment) by welding.
- the external terminal 7 is a part that is electrically connected to the external terminal 7 of another power storage element 1 or an external device.
- the external terminal 7 is formed of a conductive member.
- the external terminal 7 is formed of a highly weldable metal material such as an aluminum-based metal material such as aluminum or aluminum alloy, or a copper-based metal material such as copper or copper alloy.
- the external terminal 7 has a surface 71 on which a bus bar or the like can be welded.
- the surface 71 is a flat surface.
- the external terminal 7 has a plate shape extending along the lid plate 32. Specifically, the external terminal 7 has a rectangular plate shape when viewed in the Z-axis direction.
- the current collector 5 is disposed in the case 3 and is directly or indirectly connected to the electrode body 2 so as to be energized.
- the current collector 5 of the present embodiment is connected to the electrode body 2 through the clip member 50 so as to be energized. That is, the electrical storage element 1 includes a clip member 50 that connects the electrode body 2 and the current collector 5 so as to allow energization.
- the current collector 5 is formed of a conductive member. As shown in FIG. 2, the current collector 5 is disposed along the inner surface of the case 3. The current collector 5 is disposed on each of the positive electrode 11 and the negative electrode 12 of the power storage element 1. In the power storage device 1 of the present embodiment, the current collectors 5 are disposed in the case 3 on the uncoated stacked portion 26 of the positive electrode 11 and the uncoated stacked portion 26 of the negative electrode 12, respectively.
- the current collector 5 of the positive electrode 11 and the current collector 5 of the negative electrode 12 are formed of different materials. Specifically, the current collector 5 of the positive electrode 11 is formed of, for example, aluminum or an aluminum alloy, and the current collector 5 of the negative electrode 12 is formed of, for example, copper or a copper alloy.
- the electrode body 2 (specifically, the electrode body 2 and the current collector 5) housed in a bag-like insulating cover 6 that insulates the electrode body 2 and the case 3 is the case 3. Housed inside.
- the manufacturing method of the electrical storage element 1 first, a mixture containing an active material is applied to a metal foil (electrode substrate) to form an active material layer, and the positive electrode 11 and the negative electrode 12 are produced. Next, the positive electrode 11, the separator 4, and the negative electrode 12 are overlapped to form the electrode body 2. Subsequently, the electrode body 2 is put in the case 3 and the electrolytic solution is put in the case 3 to assemble the power storage element 1.
- the positive electrode active material layer 112 is formed by applying a mixture containing an active material, a binder, a conductive additive, and a solvent to both surfaces of the metal foil.
- a coating method for forming the positive electrode active material layer 112 a general method is employed. The applied positive electrode active material layer 112 is roll-pressed at a predetermined pressure.
- a negative electrode active material layer is formed by applying a mixture containing an active material, a binder, water as a solvent, and carboxymethyl cellulose as a thickener to both surfaces of the metal foil. 122 is formed.
- the differential pore volume can be increased.
- the solid content is preferably 70% by mass or less, and more preferably 65% by mass or less. Moreover, 50 mass% or more is preferable from a viewpoint of improving the handling of a composite material (composition).
- the applied negative electrode active material layer 122 is roll-pressed at a predetermined pressure.
- the pressing pressure By adjusting the pressing pressure, the thickness and density of the negative electrode active material layer 122 can be adjusted. Further, by reducing the pressing pressure, the differential pore volume of the peak appearing in the range of 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 2 ⁇ m or less in the differential pore volume distribution curve of the negative electrode active material layer 122 can be increased.
- the press pressure is preferably 20 kgf / mm or less, and more preferably 15 kgf / mm or less.
- the electrode body 2 is formed by winding the laminated body 22 with the separator 4 sandwiched between the positive electrode 11 and the negative electrode 12. Specifically, the positive electrode 11, the separator 4, and the negative electrode 12 are overlapped so that the positive electrode active material layer 112 and the negative electrode active material layer 122 face each other through the separator 4, thereby forming the laminate 22.
- the laminated body 22 is wound to form the electrode body 2.
- the electrode body 2 is inserted into the case body 31 of the case 3, the opening of the case body 31 is closed with the cover plate 32, and the electrolytic solution is injected into the case 3.
- the electrode body 2 is inserted into the case main body 31, the positive electrode 11 and the one external terminal 7 are electrically connected, and the negative electrode 12 and the other external terminal 7 are connected to each other.
- the opening of the case body 31 is closed with the lid plate 32.
- the electricity storage device 1 of the present embodiment configured as described above has the negative electrode active material layer 122 containing particulate amorphous carbon, and the distribution curve of the differential pore volume of the negative electrode active material layer 122 is: It has a peak in the range of 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 2 ⁇ m or less, and the differential pore volume of the peak is 0.9 cm 3 / g or more.
- output performance with a relatively large current is improved.
- the pores in the range of 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 2 ⁇ m or less are large enough for the electrolyte to diffuse, and moreover, amorphous carbon particles (active carbon) that form pores in such a numerical range.
- a sufficient conductive path is formed between the material particles). Therefore, even with a relatively large current, this conductive path contributes to an improvement in output performance.
- the negative electrode active material layer contains amorphous carbon that has a relatively small expansion / contraction due to charge / discharge, deformation or the like may occur in the negative electrode active material layer before and after charge / discharge.
- the pore structure of the active material layer is hardly changed. Therefore, the contribution to the output characteristics due to the pore structure at the initial stage of charge / discharge is large, and the output performance at the time of large current is particularly improved by setting within the numerical range such as the distribution curve of the differential pore volume as described above. This is a remarkable effect.
- the negative electrode active material contains graphite or a silicon compound that has a relatively large expansion / contraction due to charge / discharge
- the negative electrode active material layer is likely to be deformed before and after charge / discharge, and the negative electrode active material layer is thin.
- the pore structure is easy to change. For this reason, the contribution to the output characteristics due to the pore structure in the initial stage of charge / discharge is reduced, and it is considered that the output performance can be improved in a numerical range different from the numerical range such as the distribution curve of the differential pore volume as described above. .
- the thickness of the negative electrode active material layer 122 may be not less than 40 ⁇ m and not more than 70 ⁇ m.
- the electrolytic solution may not necessarily be sufficiently supplied to the pores of the negative electrode active material layer 122.
- the differential pore volume of the specific peak is 0.9 cm 3 / g or more, the electrolyte is sufficiently supplied into the layer even in the case of the relatively thick negative electrode active material layer 122. Is done. Therefore, the output performance at a relatively large current is improved.
- the electric storage element of the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and it is needless to say that various changes can be made without departing from the gist of the present invention.
- the configuration of another embodiment can be added to the configuration of a certain embodiment, and a part of the configuration of a certain embodiment can be replaced with the configuration of another embodiment.
- a part of the configuration of an embodiment can be deleted.
- the positive electrode in which the active material layer containing the active material is in direct contact with the metal foil has been described in detail.
- the positive electrode is a conductive layer containing a binder and a conductive auxiliary agent, and the active material layer And a conductive layer disposed between the metal foil and the metal foil.
- the electrodes in which the active material layers are disposed on both sides of the metal foil of each electrode have been described.
- the positive electrode 11 or the negative electrode 12 has the active material layer on one side of the metal foil. It may be provided only on the side.
- the power storage element 1 including the electrode body 2 in which the multilayer body 22 is wound has been described in detail.
- the power storage element of the present invention may include the multilayer body 22 that is not wound.
- the storage element may include an electrode body in which a positive electrode, a separator, a negative electrode, and a separator each formed in a rectangular shape are stacked a plurality of times in this order.
- the power storage element 1 is used as a chargeable / dischargeable non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery (for example, a lithium ion secondary battery) has been described.
- the type and size (capacity) of the power storage element 1 are arbitrary. is there.
- the lithium ion secondary battery was demonstrated as an example of the electrical storage element 1 in the said embodiment, it is not limited to this.
- the present invention can be applied to various secondary batteries, other primary batteries, and power storage elements of capacitors such as electric double layer capacitors.
- the power storage element 1 (for example, a battery) may be used in a power storage device 100 (a battery module when the power storage element is a battery) as shown in FIG.
- the power storage device 100 includes at least two power storage elements 1 and a bus bar member 91 that electrically connects two (different) power storage elements 1 to each other.
- the technique of the present invention may be applied to at least one power storage element.
- a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery (lithium ion secondary battery) was produced as shown below.
- Test Example 1 (1) Production of positive electrode N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), a conductive auxiliary agent (acetylene black), a binder (PVdF), and a particulate active material (LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn) as a solvent 1/3 O 2 ) were mixed and kneaded to prepare a positive electrode mixture.
- the blending amounts of the conductive assistant, binder, and active material were 4.5% by mass, 4.5% by mass, and 91% by mass, respectively.
- the prepared positive electrode mixture was applied to both sides of an aluminum foil (15 ⁇ m thick). After drying, a roll press was performed. Thereafter, it was vacuum dried to remove moisture and the like.
- the thickness of the active material layer (for one layer) was 32 ⁇ m.
- the active material particulate amorphous carbon (non-graphitizable carbon) was used.
- the binder styrene butadiene rubber was used.
- a thickener a cellulose derivative (carboxymethylcellulose Na salt [product name “2200” manufactured by Daicel Corporation)] was used.
- the negative electrode mixture was prepared by mixing and kneading water, a binder, a cellulose derivative, and an active material as a solvent. The cellulose derivative was blended so as to be 1.0% by mass, the binder was blended so as to be 2.0% by mass, and the active material was blended so as to be 97.0% by mass.
- the prepared negative electrode mixture was applied to both sides of a copper foil (thickness: 10 ⁇ m) so that the coating amount (weight per unit area) after drying was 3.8 mg / cm 2 . After drying, it was vacuum dried to remove moisture and the like. In addition, about this negative electrode, the roll press is not performed.
- the thickness of the active material layer (for one layer) was 54 ⁇ m.
- the density of the active material layer was 0.704 g / cm 3 .
- the density of the active material layer is determined by cutting the negative electrode into a predetermined size, measuring the mass and thickness, peeling the active material layer from the metal foil, measuring the mass and thickness of the metal foil, The measurement was performed by subtracting the mass and thickness of the metal foil from the mass and thickness, respectively.
- Separator A polyethylene microporous film having a thickness of 22 ⁇ m was used as a separator.
- the air resistance of the polyethylene microporous membrane was 100 seconds / 100 cc.
- electrolytic solution one prepared by the following method was used.
- a non-aqueous solvent propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, and ethyl methyl carbonate were mixed in a volume of 1 part by volume, and LiPF 6 was dissolved in this non-aqueous solvent so that the salt concentration was 1 mol / L.
- An electrolyte solution was prepared.
- the active material layer of the negative electrode was taken out from the battery once manufactured.
- the active material layer was washed with dimethyl carbonate, crushed, and then pretreated by vacuum drying for 2 hours or more.
- a laser diffraction particle size distribution measuring device (“SALD2200” manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation) was used as a measuring device, and a dedicated application software DMSver2 was used as measurement control software.
- SALD2200 manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation
- DMSver2 dedicated application software
- a specific measurement method a scattering-type measurement mode is adopted, and a wet cell in which a dispersion liquid in which a measurement sample (active material) is dispersed is placed in an ultrasonic environment for 2 minutes, and then irradiated with laser light. The scattered light distribution was obtained from the measurement sample.
- the scattered light distribution is approximated by a lognormal distribution, and in the particle size distribution (horizontal axis, ⁇ ), the particle size corresponding to a cumulative degree of 50% (D50) is set in a range where the minimum is set to 0.021 ⁇ m and the maximum is set to 2000 ⁇ m. The average diameter was used.
- the dispersion also contains a surfactant and SN Dispersant 7347-C (product name) or Triton X-100 (product name) as a dispersant. A few drops of dispersant were added to the dispersion.
- ⁇ Distribution curve of the differential pore volume of the negative electrode active material layer The negative electrode active material layer was taken out from the battery once manufactured, washed with dimethyl carbonate, and then subjected to a pretreatment for vacuum drying for 2 hours or more. .
- a mercury intrusion porosimeter (“AutoPore 9405” manufactured by Micromeritics) was used as a measuring device. Using this measuring apparatus, the pore distribution of the negative electrode active material layer was measured by mercury porosimetry. Specifically, in the mercury intrusion method, measurement conditions based on JIS R 1655 were adopted. And the differential pore volume of the peak of the range of 0.1 micrometer or more and 2 micrometers or less in the distribution curve of the differential pore volume of a negative electrode active material layer was calculated
- a current capacity of 1 C (A) was determined by discharging each battery at 25 ° C. and 4 A with an upper limit of 4.1 V and a lower limit of 2.4 V.
- each battery was prepared in an SOC of 55% by charging the battery for 1.1 hours at 25 ° C. and 0.5 C (A) from the discharged state.
- Each of the prepared batteries was continuously discharged at 25 ° C. and 20 C, and the voltage value and current value 10 seconds after the start of discharge were measured.
- the output value of each battery was calculated by multiplying the voltage value and current value after 10 seconds.
- FIG. 1 An example of the distribution curve of the differential pore volume in the negative electrode active material layer of each test example is shown in FIG. Moreover, the evaluation result of Table 1 is shown in the graph of FIG. The evaluation results of Table 2 are shown in the graph of FIG.
- 1 Power storage element (non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery), 2: Electrode body, 26: Uncoated laminated part, 3: Case, 31: Case body, 32: Cover plate, 4: Separator, 5: current collector, 50: clip member, 6: Insulation cover 7: External terminal, 71: Surface, 11: positive electrode, 111: Metal foil of positive electrode (positive electrode base material), 112: Positive electrode active material layer, 12: negative electrode, 121: negative electrode metal foil (negative electrode substrate), 122: negative electrode active material layer, 91: Bus bar member, 100: Power storage device.
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Abstract
Description
また、活物質粒子の平均径D50を変えることによっても、0.1μm以上2μm以下の範囲に現れるピークの微分細孔容積を調整できる。負極12の活物質粒子の平均径D50は、1.0μm以上であることが好ましく,2.0μm以上であることがより好ましい。また,5.0μm以下であることが好ましく,3.0μm以下であることがより好ましい。
負極活物質層122を形成するための塗布方法としては、一般的な方法が採用される。塗布された負極活物質層122を所定の圧力でロールプレスする。プレス圧を調整することにより、負極活物質層122の厚みや密度を調整できる。また、プレス圧を下げることによって、上記の負極活物質層122の微分細孔容積の分布曲線において、0.1μm以上2μm以下の範囲に現れるピークの微分細孔容積を増やすことができる。プレス圧は20kgf/mm以下とすることが好ましく,15kgf/mm以下とすることがより好ましい。
(1)正極の作製
溶剤としてN-メチル-2-ピロリドン(NMP)と、導電助剤(アセチレンブラック)と、バインダ(PVdF)と、粒子状の活物質(LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2)とを、混合し、混練することで、正極用の合剤を調製した。導電助剤、バインダ、活物質の配合量は、それぞれ4.5質量%、4.5質量%、91質量%とした。調製した正極用の合剤を、アルミニウム箔(15μm厚み)の両面にそれぞれ塗布した。乾燥後、ロールプレスを行った。その後、真空乾燥して、水分等を除去した。活物質層(1層分)の厚みは、32μmであった。
活物質としては、粒子状の非晶質炭素(難黒鉛化炭素)を用いた。バインダとしては、スチレンブタジエンゴムを用いた。増粘剤としては、セルロース誘導体(カルボキシメチルセルロースNa塩[ダイセル社製 製品名「2200」])を用いた。負極用の合剤は、溶剤として水と、バインダと、セルロース誘導体と、活物質とを混合、混練することで調製した。セルロース誘導体は、1.0質量%となるように配合し、バインダは、2.0質量%となるように配合し、活物質は、97.0質量%となるように配合した。調製した負極用の合剤を、乾燥後の塗布量(目付量)が3.8mg/cm2となるように、銅箔(10μm厚み)の両面にそれぞれ塗布した。乾燥後、真空乾燥して、水分等を除去した。なお、この負極については、ロールプレスは行っていない。活物質層(1層分)の厚みは、54μmであった。活物質層の密度は、0.704g/cm3であった。なお、活物質層の密度は、負極を所定の大きさに切りだし、質量と厚みとを測定した後、活物質層を金属箔から剥離し、金属箔の質量及び厚みを測定し、負極の質量及び厚みから金属箔の質量及び厚みをそれぞれ差し引くことによって測定した。
セパレータとして厚みが22μmのポリエチレン製微多孔膜を用いた。ポリエチレン製微多孔膜の透気抵抗度は、100秒/100ccであった。
電解液としては、以下の方法で調製したものを用いた。非水溶媒として、プロピレンカーボネート、ジメチルカーボネート、エチルメチルカーボネートを、いずれも1容量部ずつ混合した溶媒を用い、この非水溶媒に、塩濃度が1mol/LとなるようにLiPF6を溶解させ、電解液を調製した。
上記の正極、上記の負極、上記の電解液、セパレータ、及びケースを用いて、一般的な方法によって電池を製造した。
まず、セパレータが上記の正極および負極の間に配されて積層されてなるシート状物を巻回した。次に、巻回されてなる電極体を、ケースとしてのアルミニウム製の角形電槽缶のケース本体内に配置した。続いて、正極及び負極を2つの外部端子それぞれに電気的に接続させた。さらに、ケース本体に蓋板を取り付けた。上記の電解液を、ケースの蓋板に形成された注液口からケース内に注入した。最後に、ケースの注液口を封止することにより、ケースを密閉した。
いったん製造した電池から負極の活物質層を取り出した。活物質層をジメチルカーボネートで洗浄し、砕いて、その後2時間以上真空乾燥する前処理を施した。測定装置としてレーザ回折式粒度分布測定装置(島津製作所社製「SALD2200」)、測定制御ソフトとして専用アプリケーションソフトフェアDMSver2を用いた。具体的な測定手法としては、散乱式の測定モードを採用し、測定試料(活物質)が分散する分散液が循環する湿式セルを2分間超音波環境下に置いた後に、レーザ光を照射し、測定試料から散乱光分布を得た。そして、散乱光分布を対数正規分布により近似し、その粒度分布(横軸、σ)において最小を0.021μm、最大を2000μmに設定した範囲の中で累積度50%(D50)にあたる粒径を平均径とした。また、分散液は、界面活性剤と、分散剤としてのSNディスパーサント 7347-C(製品名)またはトリトンX-100(製品名
)とを含む。分散液には、分散剤を数滴加えた。
いったん製造した電池から負極活物質層を取り出し、活物質層をジメチルカーボネートで洗浄し、その後、2時間以上真空乾燥を行う前処理を施した。測定装置として水銀圧入ポロシメーター(Micromeritics社製「AutoPore9405」)を用いた。この測定装置を用いて、水銀圧入法により、負極活物質層の細孔分布を測定した。具体的に、水銀圧入法では、JIS R 1655に準拠した測定条件を採用した。そして、上記測定装置に付属したソフトウェアにより、負極活物質層の微分細孔容積の分布曲線における、0.1μm以上2μm以下の範囲のピークの微分細孔容積を求めた。
0.1μm以上2μm以下の範囲のピークの微分細孔容積が、それぞれ表1及び表2に示す値となるように、負極の合剤の固形分量を変化させた点、それぞれ表1、表2に示す平均径D50の負極の活物質粒子を用いた点以外は、試験例1と同様にしてリチウムイオン二次電池を製造した。
平均径が9.0μmの負極の活物質粒子(黒鉛)を用いて、合剤の固形分の量を変えて(64質量%、61質量%、60質量%、55質量%)、試験例1と同様にして各リチウムイオン二次電池を製造した。しかしながら、0.1μm以上2μm以下の範囲のピークの微分細孔容積が0.9cm3/g以上である電池を製造することは、できなかった。
25℃、4Aにて、上限4.1V、下限2.4Vで各電池を放電させることにより、電流容量1C(A)を定めた。つぎに、放電状態から25℃、0.5C(A)にて、各電池を1.1時間充電することにより、SOC55%とした各電池を調製した。調製した各電池を、25℃、20Cで連続的に放電させ、放電開始から10秒後の電圧値及び電流値を測定した。10秒後の電圧値及び電流値を乗ずることにより、各電池の出力値を算出した。
負極活物質層の微分細孔容積の分布曲線が0.1μm以上2μm以下の範囲にピークを有し、該ピークの微分細孔容積が0.9cm3/g以上である電池は、比較的大きい電流でも十分な出力性能を有していた。
2:電極体、
26:非被覆積層部、
3:ケース、 31:ケース本体、 32:蓋板、
4:セパレータ、
5:集電体、 50:クリップ部材、
6:絶縁カバー、
7:外部端子、 71:面、
11:正極、
111:正極の金属箔(正極基材)、 112:正極活物質層、
12:負極、
121:負極の金属箔(負極基材)、 122:負極活物質層、
91:バスバ部材、
100:蓄電装置。
Claims (3)
- 粒子状の非晶質炭素を含有する負極活物質層を有し、
前記負極活物質層の微分細孔容積の分布曲線は、0.1μm以上2μm以下の範囲にピークを有し、該ピークの微分細孔容積は、0.9cm3/g以上である、蓄電素子。 - 前記ピークの微分細孔容積は、1.6cm3/g以下である、請求項1記載の蓄電素子。
- 負極が、粒子状の非晶質炭素とバインダと増粘剤とを溶媒と混合した負極ペーストを集電体に塗布し、乾燥することにより作製され、
前記負極ペーストにおける固形分が70%以下である、蓄電素子の製造方法。
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JP7224563B1 (ja) * | 2021-08-17 | 2023-02-17 | Jfeケミカル株式会社 | 炭素質被覆黒鉛粒子、リチウムイオン二次電池用負極およびリチウムイオン二次電池 |
JP7224562B1 (ja) * | 2021-08-17 | 2023-02-17 | Jfeケミカル株式会社 | 炭素質被覆黒鉛粒子、リチウムイオン二次電池用負極およびリチウムイオン二次電池 |
WO2023021957A1 (ja) * | 2021-08-17 | 2023-02-23 | Jfeケミカル株式会社 | 炭素質被覆黒鉛粒子、リチウムイオン二次電池用負極およびリチウムイオン二次電池 |
WO2023021959A1 (ja) * | 2021-08-17 | 2023-02-23 | Jfeケミカル株式会社 | 炭素質被覆黒鉛粒子、リチウムイオン二次電池用負極およびリチウムイオン二次電池 |
KR20230050483A (ko) * | 2021-08-17 | 2023-04-14 | 제이에프이 케미칼 가부시키가이샤 | 탄소질 피복 흑연 입자, 리튬 이온 2차 전지용 부극 및 리튬 이온 2차 전지 |
KR20230059841A (ko) * | 2021-08-17 | 2023-05-03 | 제이에프이 케미칼 가부시키가이샤 | 탄소질 피복 흑연 입자, 리튬 이온 2차 전지용 부극 및 리튬 이온 2차 전지 |
US11804594B2 (en) | 2021-08-17 | 2023-10-31 | Jfe Chemical Corporation | Carbonaceous substance-coated graphite particles, negative electrode for lithium ion secondary battery, and lithium ion secondary battery |
US11804593B2 (en) | 2021-08-17 | 2023-10-31 | Jfe Chemical Corporation | Carbonaceous substance-coated graphite particles, negative electrode for lithium ion secondary battery and lithium ion secondary battery |
KR102640643B1 (ko) | 2021-08-17 | 2024-02-23 | 제이에프이 케미칼 가부시키가이샤 | 탄소질 피복 흑연 입자, 리튬 이온 2차 전지용 부극 및 리튬 이온 2차 전지 |
KR102640642B1 (ko) | 2021-08-17 | 2024-02-26 | 제이에프이 케미칼 가부시키가이샤 | 탄소질 피복 흑연 입자, 리튬 이온 2차 전지용 부극 및 리튬 이온 2차 전지 |
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EP3506401A4 (en) | 2019-08-07 |
KR20190032549A (ko) | 2019-03-27 |
EP3506401B1 (en) | 2022-02-23 |
JPWO2018043375A1 (ja) | 2019-06-24 |
US11114665B2 (en) | 2021-09-07 |
CN109690843A (zh) | 2019-04-26 |
US20190237764A1 (en) | 2019-08-01 |
EP3506401A1 (en) | 2019-07-03 |
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