WO2017086461A1 - 氷、冷媒、氷の製造方法、被冷却物の製造方法、動植物又はその部分の被冷蔵物の製造方法、動植物又はその部分の冷蔵剤、被冷凍生鮮動植物又はその部分の製造方法、被解凍物又はその加工物、及び生鮮動植物又はその部分の凍結剤 - Google Patents
氷、冷媒、氷の製造方法、被冷却物の製造方法、動植物又はその部分の被冷蔵物の製造方法、動植物又はその部分の冷蔵剤、被冷凍生鮮動植物又はその部分の製造方法、被解凍物又はその加工物、及び生鮮動植物又はその部分の凍結剤 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017086461A1 WO2017086461A1 PCT/JP2016/084319 JP2016084319W WO2017086461A1 WO 2017086461 A1 WO2017086461 A1 WO 2017086461A1 JP 2016084319 W JP2016084319 W JP 2016084319W WO 2017086461 A1 WO2017086461 A1 WO 2017086461A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- ice
- solute
- aqueous solution
- temperature
- animal
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- F25D3/02—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies using ice, e.g. ice-boxes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D3/00—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies
- F25D3/02—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies using ice, e.g. ice-boxes
- F25D3/04—Stationary cabinets
- F25D3/045—Details
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D3/00—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies
- F25D3/10—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies using liquefied gases, e.g. liquid air
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25C—PRODUCING, WORKING OR HANDLING ICE
- F25C2301/00—Special arrangements or features for producing ice
- F25C2301/002—Producing ice slurries
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25C—PRODUCING, WORKING OR HANDLING ICE
- F25C2600/00—Control issues
- F25C2600/04—Control means
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/90—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in food processing or handling, e.g. food conservation
- Y02A40/963—Off-grid food refrigeration
Definitions
- the present invention relates to ice, a refrigerant, a method for manufacturing ice, and a method for manufacturing an object to be cooled.
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a refrigerated product of animals or plants or parts thereof, and a refrigeration agent for animals or plants or parts thereof.
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a frozen fresh animal or plant or part thereof, an object to be thawed or processed product thereof, and a freezing agent for fresh animal or plant or part thereof.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a method for maintaining the freshness of a fish by cooling the fish by bringing ice made of saline into contact with the fish.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a method for producing an ice solution made of saline by cooling a salt solution in a container and cooling it from the outside.
- Patent Document 2 in a salt-containing water ice making method in which salt-containing ice obtained by freezing salt-containing water having a salt concentration of about 0.5 to 2.5% is formed into a slurry, filtration is performed. Sterilized raw water such as sea water is adjusted to salinity to form salt-containing water having a salt concentration of about 1.0 to 1.5%, and the salt-containing water is rapidly cooled to cope with the salt concentration- A method is disclosed for producing slurry-like salt-containing ice having a freezing point temperature of 5 to -1 ° C.
- Patent Document 3 bittern is added to 0.2 to 5.0% (w / v) saline, and fresh fish is immersed in a liquid maintained at a temperature of ⁇ 3 to 10 ° C. for a certain period of time. A method of freezing is disclosed.
- salt-containing ice obtained by freezing salt-containing water having a salt concentration of approximately 0.5 to 2.5% for use in maintaining the freshness of the produced frozen plant or animal or part thereof.
- a salt-containing water ice-making method formed into a slurry to adjust the salt content of filtered and sterilized sea water or the like to obtain a salt-containing water having a salt concentration of about 1.0 to 1.5%
- a method of producing slurry-like salt-containing ice having a freezing point temperature of ⁇ 5 to ⁇ 1 ° C. corresponding to the salt concentration by rapidly cooling the salt-containing water is disclosed.
- Patent Document 3 fresh fish is immersed for a certain period of time in a dipping solution in which bittern is added to 0.2 to 5.0% (w / v) saline and kept at a water temperature of -3 to 10 ° C. A method is disclosed.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide ice having excellent cooling ability, a method for producing the ice, a method for producing an object to be cooled, and a refrigerant. Moreover, an object of this invention is to provide the ice which is the state which is not isolate
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and can be maintained at a sufficiently low temperature while the animal or plant or part thereof is not frozen, and the method for producing a refrigerated product of the animal or plant or part thereof, and the animal or plant. Or it aims at providing the refrigeration agent of the part.
- the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and fresh frozen animals and plants or parts thereof that can be transported to a remote place for a long time without losing freshness and taste even if the fresh animals or plants or parts thereof are frozen. It is an object of the present invention to provide a manufacturing method, a thawed product or processed product thereof, and a freezing agent for fresh animals and plants or parts thereof.
- the present inventors have found that ice of an aqueous solution having a reduced freezing point can be produced by a predetermined method, and have completed the present invention. More specifically, the present invention provides the following.
- the temperature at the completion of melting is less than 0 ° C.
- the change rate of the solute concentration of the aqueous solution generated from the ice during the melting process is within 30%.
- a method for producing liquid ice containing an aqueous solution containing a solute Generating liquid ice containing the aqueous solution on the wall surface by spraying a liquid containing an aqueous solution containing a solute on the wall surface maintained at a temperature below the freezing point of the aqueous solution; Recovering the ice produced on the wall surface,
- the step of collecting the ice includes a step of adjusting a time for holding the ice on the wall surface.
- the inventors have (a) a temperature at which the melting is completed is less than 0 ° C., and (b) an ice whose change rate of the solute concentration of the aqueous solution generated from the ice during the melting process is within 30%.
- the inventors have found that the temperature during the melting process can be kept constant, and have completed the present invention.
- the present invention provides the following.
- a method for producing a refrigerated animal or plant or part thereof A method comprising a step of refrigeration of the animal or plant or a part thereof using liquid ice containing an aqueous solution containing a solute that satisfies the following conditions (a) to (c).
- (A) The temperature at the time of thawing is less than 0 ° C.
- (b) The change rate of the solute concentration of the aqueous solution generated from the ice during the thawing process is within 30%.
- C The temperature is frozen of the animal or plant or its part. Point to freezing point + 0.5 ° C
- a refrigeration agent for animals and plants or parts thereof which includes liquid ice containing an aqueous solution containing a solute, which satisfies the following conditions (a) to (c).
- (A) The temperature at the completion of melting is less than 0 ° C.
- (b) The rate of change in the solute concentration of the aqueous solution generated from the ice during the melting process is within 30%.
- the manufacturing method of the to-be-frozen fresh animals and plants which concern on this invention, or its part is equipped with the following processes.
- (1) A step of producing an ice slurry by mixing ice frozen salt water having a salt concentration of 13.6 to 23.1% and salt water having a salt concentration of 13.6 to 23.1%.
- 2) A step of immersing a fresh animal or plant or a part thereof in the ice slurry to instantly freeze the fresh animal or plant or a part thereof.
- the water in fresh animals and plants will crystallize when frozen, but when frozen fresh animals and plants are slowly frozen, the ice crystals will grow, destroying the cell tissue of the fresh animals and plants and degrading the freshness and taste of the fresh animals and plants.
- fresh animals and plants are snap-frozen, so ice crystals generated in the tissues of the fresh animals and plants are reduced, the damage of the fresh animals and plants tissue is small, and the freshness and taste of the fresh animals and plants are maintained.
- the salt concentration of the salt water that is the raw material of the ice slurry is significantly increased compared to the conventional case.
- the theoretical saturation freezing point of salt water with a salt concentration of 13.6% is -9.8 ° C
- the theoretical saturation freezing point of salt water with a salt concentration of 23.1% is -21.2 ° C.
- the salt concentration of salt water is less than 13.6%, the freezing speed of the fresh animals and plants by the produced ice slurry becomes slow.
- the salt concentration of the salt water is more than 23.1%, the salt is precipitated as crystals, so that the saturation freezing point of the salt water is increased.
- the salt concentration of the ice to be mixed and the salt water is approximately the same.
- the ice freezes immediately after mixing the salt water with low salinity because the ice temperature is lower than the saturation freezing point of the salt water.
- the salinity of ice is lower than the salinity of brine, the ice melts because the saturation freezing point of salt water is lower than the saturation freezing point of ice, and the temperature of the ice slurry decreases. Therefore, in order not to fluctuate the state of the ice slurry, it is preferable that the salinity concentrations of the ice to be mixed and the salt water are approximately the same.
- the mass ratio of ice exceeds 75% by mass, the ratio of the solid content increases, so that a gap is generated between the fresh animal and plant and the ice slurry, and the ice slurry does not adhere to the fresh animal and plant.
- the mass ratio of ice is less than 20 mass%, it is difficult to instantly freeze fresh animals and plants by the produced ice slurry.
- the freshly frozen plant or animal that has been instantly frozen is taken out of the ice slurry, and the fresh animal or plant is stored frozen at or below the temperature at the time of instant freezing And Thereby, even if it transports to a remote place for a long time, fresh animal and plant freshness and taste do not fall.
- examples of the fresh animal and plant include fresh seafood such as saltwater fish, fresh vegetables, and the like.
- examples of the parts of fresh animals and plants include organs of animals (such as humans).
- ice frozen with salt water having a salt concentration of 13.6 to 23.1% may satisfy the following conditions (a) and (b): It is preferably liquid ice containing an aqueous solution containing a solute that satisfies the above.
- the temperature at the completion of melting is less than ⁇ 5 ° C.
- the rate of change in the solute concentration of the aqueous solution generated from ice during the melting process is within 30%.
- a freezing point depression occurs in which the freezing point of the aqueous solution is lowered.
- a conventional aqueous solution in which a solute such as sodium chloride has melted due to the freezing point depression has a freezing point lowered due to the freezing point depression. That is, ice made of such an aqueous solution is ice that has solidified at a lower temperature than ice made of fresh water.
- latent heat the heat required when ice changes to water is referred to as “latent heat”, but this latent heat is not accompanied by a temperature change.
- liquid ice containing an aqueous solution having a reduced freezing point is the ice used in the present invention and is suitable for flash freezing of fresh animals and plants or parts thereof. And it discovered that the freshness and taste of the thawed product were hard to fall when the fresh animals and plants or its part was frozen instantly with ice in the present invention.
- the preferable ice used in the production method of the present invention satisfies the above conditions (a) and (b).
- the above conditions (a) and (b) will be described.
- the ice in the present invention is an aqueous solution containing a predetermined amount of solute (salt), the temperature of the freezing point is lower than the freezing point of fresh water (water not containing the solute). In particular, therefore, the temperature at the completion of melting is less than ⁇ 5 ° C.
- the temperature when melting is not too high
- -21 ° C or higher (-20 ° C or higher, -19 ° C or higher, -18 ° C or higher, -17 ° C or higher, -16 ° C or higher, -15 ° C or higher, -14 ° C or higher, -13 ° C or higher, -12 ° C or higher, -11 ° C or higher, -10 ° C or higher, -9 ° C or higher, -8 ° C or higher, -7 ° C or higher, -6 ° C or higher, etc.).
- “Tempering completion temperature” means that the ice of the present invention is placed in an environment above the melting point (for example, room temperature and atmospheric pressure) to start melting the ice, and all the ice melts to become water. It refers to the temperature of the water at the time.
- the ice of the present invention has a change rate of the solute concentration of the aqueous solution generated from the ice during the melting process (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “change rate of the solute concentration” in this specification) of 30. % Is preferable. Even in the conventional method, ice having a slightly reduced freezing point may be generated, but since most of them are a mixture of water-free ice and solute crystals, the instantaneous freezing ability is not sufficient.
- the ice in the present invention is made of liquid ice containing an aqueous solution containing a solute, the change in the elution rate of the solute during the melting process can be reduced.
- the change rate of the solute concentration of the aqueous solution generated from ice during the melting process is preferably 30%.
- the “rate of change in the solute concentration of an aqueous solution generated from ice during the melting process” means the ratio of the concentration of the aqueous solution at the completion of melting to the solute concentration in the aqueous solution generated at an arbitrary point in the melting process.
- the “solute concentration” means the concentration of the mass of the solute in the aqueous solution.
- the change rate of solute concentration is within 25% (within 24%, within 23%, within 22%, within 21%, within 20%, within 19%, within 18%, within 17%, within 16%. Within 15%, within 14%, within 13%, within 12%, within 11%, within 10%, within 9%, within 8%, within 7%, within 6%, within 5%, within 4%, 3 %, Within 2%, within 1%, within 0.5%, etc.).
- the change rate of the solute concentration is 0.1% or more (0.5% or more, 1% or more, 2% or more, 3% or more, 4% or more, 5% or more, 6% or more, 7% or more, 8 % Or more, 9% or more, 10% or more, 11% or more, 12% or more, 13% or more, 14% or more, 15% or more, 16% or more, 17% or more, 18% or more, 19% or more, 20% or more Etc.).
- ice refers to a frozen liquid containing an aqueous solution.
- the liquid constituting the ice in the present invention may be, for example, a liquid containing oil in addition to the aqueous solution containing the solute.
- a liquid containing oil examples include raw milk and industrial waste (such as waste milk) containing water and oil, but are not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose. Since the ice in the present invention continues to be stable at a temperature below the freezing point of fresh water, that is, it can maintain a state in which it is not separated for a long time. Therefore, when the liquid constituting the ice in the present invention is a liquid containing oil, the uniform state of the oil lasts for a long time, that is, the state where the oil is not separated can be maintained for a long time. In addition, you may comprise the ice in this invention only from what frozen the aqueous solution containing said solute.
- the ratio of water to oil in the liquid is not particularly limited, and is, for example, 1:99 to 99: 1 (10:90 to 90:10, 20 : 80 to 80:20, 30:80 to 80:30, 40 to 60:40 to 60, etc.).
- the ice in the present invention may be an aqueous ice containing two or more solutes having different freezing point depression degrees.
- the ice in the present invention may be a mixture of ice in an aqueous solution containing one solute and ice in an aqueous solution containing the other solute.
- ice of an aqueous solution containing sodium chloride as a solute having a different freezing point depression degree from that of ethylene glycol to ice of an aqueous solution containing ethylene glycol as a solute, melting of the ice of the aqueous solution containing ethylene glycol can be delayed. it can.
- the ice in the present invention may be an aqueous ice in which two or more solutes are dissolved in the same aqueous solution.
- the melting point of the ice in the salt solution can be lowered by using a solute (ethylene glycol, calcium chloride, etc.) that can lower the melting point further than the salt.
- a solute ethylene glycol, calcium chloride, etc.
- a temperature in the vicinity of -30 ° C that cannot be achieved with ice alone can be achieved.
- the ratio of two or more solutes having different freezing point depression degrees can be appropriately changed according to the purpose.
- a solid having a higher thermal conductivity than ice may be interposed between the ice and the fresh animal or plant or part thereof in the step of instant freezing.
- an object to be snap frozen fresh animals or plants or parts thereof
- the solid can be achieved by using a solid with high thermal conductivity.
- the solid itself can also be cooled in a short time. Because it loses energy and the temperature tends to rise, it freezes for a long time by performing instant freezing (for example, after instantly freezing an object that is instantly frozen and then instantly freezing another object that is instantly frozen) Not suitable for.
- a solid with high thermal conductivity is suitable for a long-time instant freezing, it is not suitable for instant freezing an object to be instantly frozen in a short time.
- the ice of the present invention has high instantaneous freezing ability as described above, it is useful in that it can be frozen for a long time while obtaining a short-time instant freezing ability with a solid having high thermal conductivity.
- solids having higher thermal conductivity than ice of the present invention include metals (aluminum, silver, copper, gold, duralumin, antimony, cadmium, zinc, tin, bismuth, tungsten, titanium, iron, lead, nickel, platinum).
- a solid having a higher thermal conductivity than ice of the present invention is a solid having a thermal conductivity of 2.3 W / m K or higher (3 W / m K or higher, 5 W / m K or higher, 8 W / m K or higher, etc.). It is preferably a solid having a thermal conductivity of 10 W / m K or higher (20 W / m K or higher, 30 W / m K or higher, 40 W / m K or higher, etc.), and a thermal conductivity of 50 W / m or higher.
- the solid is K or higher (60 W / m K or higher, 75 W / m K or higher, 90 W / m K or higher, etc.), and the thermal conductivity is 100 W / m K or higher (125 W / m K or higher, 150 W / m or higher). K or more, 175 W / m K or more) is more preferable, and the thermal conductivity is 200 W / m K or more (250 W / m K or more, 300 W / m K or more, 350 W / m K or more, etc.).
- Be solid Incidentally Preferably, it still preferably the thermal conductivity of 200 W / m K or more solid, it is particularly preferred thermal conductivity of solid or 400W / m K (410W / m K or more, etc.).
- the solid in the present invention may have any shape, but is preferably particulate.
- the present invention is a material to be thawed or a processed product thereof by thawing a frozen fresh animal or plant produced by the above method or a part thereof.
- this invention is the fresh agent of a fresh animal or plant or its part containing the liquid ice containing the aqueous solution containing the solute which satisfy
- the temperature at the completion of melting is less than ⁇ 5 ° C.
- the rate of change in the solute concentration of the aqueous solution generated from the ice during the melting process is within 30%.
- this invention it is possible to provide ice having excellent cooling ability, a method for manufacturing the ice, a method for manufacturing an object to be cooled, and a refrigerant. Moreover, this invention can provide the ice which is the state which is not isolate
- animals and plants or parts thereof are not frozen, but can be maintained in a sufficiently low temperature state.
- the ice slurry whose temperature is greatly lowered by greatly increasing the salinity concentration of the salt water that is the raw material of the ice slurry as compared with the past is used as the fresh animal or plant.
- the tissue damage of fresh animals and plants is reduced, and the freshness and taste of fresh animals and plants are maintained.
- transporting freshly frozen plants and animals that have been frozen in a frozen state at or below the temperature at the time of instant freezing the freshness and taste of fresh plants and animals will not be degraded even if transported to a remote location for a long time.
- FIG. 1 It is a fragmentary sectional perspective view of the ice making machine used in the manufacturing method of the refrigerated thing of the animals and plants of the present invention, or its part.
- FIG. 2 It is a schematic diagram of the ice making system using the ice making machine shown by FIG. It is a graph which shows the time-dependent temperature change about the ice which concerns on Example 1, and a high concentration salt solution.
- FIG. 1 It is a fragmentary sectional perspective view of the ice making machine used in the manufacturing method of the refrigerated thing of the animals and plants of the present invention, or its part.
- FIG. 1 It is a schematic diagram of the ice making system using the ice making machine shown by FIG. It is a graph which shows the time-dependent change of the temperature in the manufacture process of the saltwater fish of the to-be-refrigerated thing manufactured with the ice which concerns on Example 4, and the salted-to-be-refrigerated saltwater fish manufactured by Crushed Ice.
- FIG. 1 It is a fragmentary sectional perspective view of the ice making machine used for the manufacturing method of the to-be-frozen fresh animals and plants which concern on one embodiment of this invention, or its part.
- FIG. 6 It is a schematic diagram of the ice making system containing the ice making machine. Temperature of the fish core when the fish was cooled with ice according to Example 6 (solution: saturated saline), ice according to Example 6 (solution: saturated saline + CU), saturated saline (-20 ° C. aqueous solution) The time-dependent change of is shown.
- the ice of the present invention is a liquid ice containing an aqueous solution containing a solute that satisfies the following conditions (a) and (b).
- the temperature at the completion of melting is less than 0 ° C.
- the change rate of the solute concentration of the aqueous solution generated from the ice during the melting process is within 30%.
- the ice having a reduced freezing point as described above continues to be stable at a temperature below the freezing point of fresh water when melted, so that the state where cold energy is stored continues. Therefore, the cooling ability of the object to be cooled should be higher than that of ice made of fresh water.
- the present inventors have found that the ice described in Patent Document 1 does not have sufficient ability to cool the object to be cooled, such as the temperature of the ice rising rapidly with time.
- the inventors examined the reason, and in the method described in Patent Document 1, even if ice was produced from an aqueous solution containing a solute such as salt, the solute was actually contained before the aqueous solution was frozen. Ice is produced first, resulting in a mixture of solute-free ice and solute, or only a small amount of ice with a reduced freezing point is produced, resulting in cooling capacity. It was found that no high ice was produced.
- the ice of the present invention is liquid ice containing an aqueous solution containing a solute, the temperature of the freezing point is lower than the freezing point of fresh water (water not containing a solute). Therefore, it has the characteristic that the temperature at the time of completion of melting is less than 0 ° C.
- “Tempering completion temperature” means that the ice of the present invention is placed in an environment above the melting point (for example, room temperature and atmospheric pressure) to start melting the ice, and all the ice melts to become water. It refers to the temperature of the water at the time.
- the temperature at the completion of melting is not particularly limited as long as it is less than 0 ° C., and can be appropriately changed by adjusting the kind and concentration of the solute.
- the temperature at the completion of melting is preferably lower in terms of higher cooling ability, and specifically, -1 ° C or lower (-2 ° C or lower, -3 ° C or lower, -4 ° C or lower, -5 ° C or lower, -6 ° C or lower, -7 ° C or lower, -8 ° C or lower, -9 ° C or lower, -10 ° C or lower, -11 ° C or lower, -12 ° C or lower, -13 ° C or lower, -14 ° C or lower, -15 Or less, ⁇ 16 ° C.
- the temperature at the completion of thawing is not too high.
- -21 ° C or higher (-20 ° C or higher, -19 ° C or higher, -18 ° C or higher, -17 ° C or higher, -16 ° C or higher, -15 ° C or higher, -14 ° C or higher, -13 ° C or higher,- 12 ° C or higher, -11 ° C or higher, -10 ° C or higher, -9 ° C or higher, -8 ° C or higher, -7 ° C or higher, -6 ° C or higher, -5 ° C or higher, -4 ° C or higher, -3 ° C or higher,- 2 ° C or higher, -1 ° C or higher, -0.5 ° C or higher, etc.).
- the ice of the present invention has a change rate of the solute concentration of the aqueous solution generated from the ice during the melting process (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “change rate of the solute concentration” in this specification) of 30. %. Even in the method described in Patent Document 1, ice having a slightly reduced freezing point may be generated, but most of them are a mixture of water-free ice and solute crystals. Is not enough.
- the ice of the present invention is made of liquid ice containing an aqueous solution containing a solute, it has a feature that there is little change in the elution rate of the solute during the melting process. Specifically, the change rate of the solute concentration of the aqueous solution generated from ice during the melting process is 30%.
- the “rate of change in the solute concentration of an aqueous solution generated from ice during the melting process” means the ratio of the concentration of the aqueous solution at the completion of melting to the solute concentration in the aqueous solution generated at an arbitrary point in the melting process.
- the “solute concentration” means the concentration of the mass of the solute in the aqueous solution.
- the rate of change of the solute concentration in the ice of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is within 30%, but the smaller the rate of change, the higher the purity of the ice in the aqueous solution having a reduced freezing point, that is, higher cooling ability. Means. From this viewpoint, the change rate of solute concentration is within 25% (within 24%, within 23%, within 22%, within 21%, within 20%, within 19%, within 18%, within 17%, within 16%. Within 15%, within 14%, within 13%, within 12%, within 11%, within 10%, within 9%, within 8%, within 7%, within 6%, within 5%, within 4%, 3 %, Within 2%, within 1%, within 0.5%, etc.).
- the change rate of the solute concentration is 0.1% or more (0.5% or more, 1% or more, 2% or more, 3% or more, 4% or more, 5% or more, 6% or more, 7% or more, 8 % Or more, 9% or more, 10% or more, 11% or more, 12% or more, 13% or more, 14% or more, 15% or more, 16% or more, 17% or more, 18% or more, 19% or more, 20% or more Etc.).
- solute The kind of solute contained in the ice of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a solute when water is used as a solvent, and can be appropriately selected according to a desired freezing point, use of ice to be used, and the like.
- the solute include solid solutes and liquid solutes, and typical solid solutes include salts (inorganic salts, organic salts, etc.).
- salts sodium chloride (NaCl) is preferable because it does not excessively lower the temperature of the freezing point and is suitable for cooling fresh animals and plants or a part thereof.
- salt since salt is contained in seawater, it is also preferable in terms of easy procurement.
- ethylene glycol etc. are mentioned as a liquid solute.
- a solute may be contained individually by 1 type and may be contained 2 or more types.
- the concentration of the solute contained in the ice of the present invention is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately selected according to the kind of solute, the desired freezing point, the use of the ice to be used, and the like.
- concentration of the sodium chloride is 0.5% (w / v) or more (1% (w / v) in that the freezing point of the aqueous solution can be further lowered to obtain a high cooling capacity.
- the ice of the present invention when used for cooling fresh animals and plants or a part thereof, it is preferable not to excessively reduce the temperature of the freezing point. From this viewpoint, it is 23% (w / v) or less (20% (W / v) or less, 19% (w / v) or less, 18% (w / v) or less, 17% (w / v) or less, 16% (w / v) or less, 15% (w / v) 14% (w / v) or less, 13% (w / v) or less, 12% (w / v) or less, 11% (w / v) or less, 10% (w / v) or less, 9% ( w / v) or less, 8% (w / v) or less, 7% (w / v) or less, 6% (w / v) or less, 5% (w / v) or less, 4% (w / / v) or
- the ice of the present invention is excellent in cooling ability, it is suitable for use as a refrigerant.
- the low-temperature refrigerant include organic solvents used as an antifreeze such as ethanol in addition to ice, but ice has higher thermal conductivity and higher specific heat than these antifreezes. Therefore, ice having a low freezing point by dissolving a solute such as the ice of the present invention is also useful in that the cooling ability is superior to other refrigerants of less than 0 ° C. such as antifreeze.
- the ice of the present invention may or may not contain components other than the above solutes.
- ice refers to a frozen liquid containing an aqueous solution.
- the ice of the present invention remains stable at a temperature below the freezing point of fresh water, that is, it can be in a state where it does not separate. Therefore, for example, as will be described later, when the liquid constituting the ice of the present invention is a liquid containing oil in addition to the aqueous solution containing the solute, the oil has a uniform state for a long time, that is, , It can be in a non-separated state.
- the “non-separated state” means a state where the layers are not separated from each other (a state where the layer state is not separated), and is a portion which is separated from a micro perspective. (For example, some water and oil) are included.
- the liquid constituting the ice of the present invention may be a liquid containing oil in addition to the aqueous solution containing the solute.
- liquids include raw milk and industrial waste (such as waste milk) containing water and oil.
- waste milk industrial waste
- the liquid is raw milk, it is preferable in terms of improving the functionality when eating the ice.
- the reason why the functionality is improved is that oil (fat) contained in raw milk is confined in ice.
- the ratio of water to oil in the liquid is not particularly limited, and is, for example, 1:99 to 99: 1 (10:90 to 90:10, 20 : 80 to 80:20, 30:80 to 80:30, 40 to 60:40 to 60, etc.).
- the ice of the present invention may be an aqueous ice containing two or more solutes having different freezing point depression degrees.
- the ice of the present invention may be a mixture of ice in an aqueous solution containing one solute and ice in an aqueous solution containing the other solute.
- ice of an aqueous solution containing sodium chloride as a solute having a different freezing point depression degree from that of ethylene glycol to ice of an aqueous solution containing ethylene glycol as a solute, melting of the ice of the aqueous solution containing ethylene glycol can be delayed. it can.
- the ice of the present invention may be an aqueous ice obtained by dissolving two or more solutes in the same aqueous solution.
- the melting point of the ice in the salt solution can be lowered by using a solute (ethylene glycol, calcium chloride, etc.) that can lower the melting point further than the salt.
- a solute ethylene glycol, calcium chloride, etc.
- a temperature around -30 ° C that cannot be achieved with ice alone can be achieved.
- the ratio of two or more solutes having different freezing point depression degrees can be appropriately changed according to the purpose.
- the present invention includes the above-described refrigerant containing ice. As described above, since the ice of the present invention is excellent in cooling ability, it is suitable as a refrigerant.
- the refrigerant of the present invention may contain other components of the above-mentioned ice.
- the refrigerant may contain water in addition to the above-mentioned ice, thereby constituting a mixture of ice and water.
- the solute concentration in ice and the solute concentration in water are preferably close. The reason is as follows.
- the solute concentration of ice When the solute concentration of ice is higher than the solute concentration of water, the temperature of the ice is lower than the saturation freezing point of water, so that water freezes immediately after mixing water with a low solute concentration.
- the solute concentration of ice when the solute concentration of ice is lower than the solute concentration of water, the saturation freezing point of water is lower than the saturation freezing point of ice, so that the ice melts and the temperature of the refrigerant composed of a mixture of ice and water decreases. . That is, in order not to change the state of the mixture of ice and water (the state of the ice slurry), it is preferable that the solute concentrations of the ice and water to be mixed are approximately the same as described above. In the case of a mixture of ice and water, the water may be one obtained by melting the ice, or one prepared separately, but one obtained by melting the ice. It is preferable that
- the ratio of the solute concentration in ice to the solute concentration in water is more preferably 75:25 to 20:80.
- it is 70:30 to 30:70, more preferably 60:40 to 40:60, still more preferably 55:45 to 45:55, and 52:48 to 48:52 is particularly preferred and 50:50 is most preferred.
- the ratio of the solute concentration in ice to the solute concentration in water is preferably within the above range.
- the cooling target of the refrigerant of the present invention is not particularly limited, but is suitable for cooling fresh animals and plants or parts thereof.
- fresh animals and plants include fresh fish such as saltwater fish, fresh vegetables, and the like.
- the parts of fresh animals and plants include organs of animals (such as humans).
- the water that is the raw material for the ice of the present invention is not particularly limited, but when salt is used as the solute, it is preferably ice of seawater, seawater-added salt, or seawater-diluted water. Seawater, water obtained by adding salt to seawater, or seawater-diluted water can be easily procured, thereby reducing costs.
- the refrigerant of the present invention may further contain a solid having a higher thermal conductivity than the above-mentioned ice of the present invention.
- a solid having a higher thermal conductivity When trying to cool an object to be cooled in a short time, it can be achieved by using a solid with high thermal conductivity, but in this case, the solid itself also loses cold energy in a short time and the temperature tends to rise. Not suitable for long-time cooling.
- a solid with high thermal conductivity is suitable for long-time cooling, it is not suitable for cooling an object to be cooled in a short time.
- the ice of the present invention has a high cooling capacity as described above, it is useful in that it can be cooled for a long time while obtaining a cooling capacity for a short time with a solid having high thermal conductivity.
- solids having higher thermal conductivity than ice of the present invention include metals (aluminum, silver, copper, gold, duralumin, antimony, cadmium, zinc, tin, bismuth, tungsten, titanium, iron, lead, nickel, platinum).
- a solid having a higher thermal conductivity than ice of the present invention is a solid having a thermal conductivity of 2.3 W / m K or higher (3 W / m K or higher, 5 W / m K or higher, 8 W / m K or higher, etc.). It is preferably a solid having a thermal conductivity of 10 W / m K or higher (20 W / m K or higher, 30 W / m K or higher, 40 W / m K or higher, etc.), and a thermal conductivity of 50 W / m or higher.
- the solid is K or higher (60 W / m K or higher, 75 W / m K or higher, 90 W / m K or higher, etc.), and the thermal conductivity is 100 W / m K or higher (125 W / m K or higher, 150 W / m or higher). K or more, 175 W / m K or more) is more preferable, and the thermal conductivity is 200 W / m K or more (250 W / m K or more, 300 W / m K or more, 350 W / m K or more, etc.).
- Be solid Incidentally Preferably, it still preferably the thermal conductivity of 200 W / m K or more solid, it is particularly preferred thermal conductivity of solid or 400W / m K (410W / m K or more, etc.).
- the refrigerant of the present invention contains a solid having a higher thermal conductivity than the above-mentioned ice of the present invention, as described above, it is suitable for long-time cooling even if it contains many solids.
- the ice of the present invention The mass of the solid having a higher thermal conductivity / the mass of the ice of the present invention contained in the refrigerant (or the total mass of the ice of the present invention contained in the refrigerant and the liquid containing the aqueous solution) is 1 / 100,000 or more (1 / 50000 or more, 1 / 10,000 or more, 1/5000 or more, 1/1000 or more, 1/500 or more, 1/100 or more, 1/50 or more, 1/10 or more, 1/5 or more, 1/4 or more, 1 / 3 or more, 1/2 or more, etc.).
- the solid in the present invention may have any shape, but is preferably particulate.
- the solid may be included in a form included in the ice of the present invention, may be included in a form included outside the ice, but is included in a form included outside the ice. Since it is easier to directly contact the object to be cooled, the cooling ability is increased. For this reason, it is preferable to be included in a form included outside the ice.
- the refrigerant of the present invention contains the solid, it may be mixed with the solid after the ice is produced by the ice production method of the present invention described later, or may be mixed in advance with water as a raw material. Ice may be produced.
- the present invention is a method for producing liquid ice containing an aqueous solution containing a solute, by spraying a liquid containing an aqueous solution containing a solute on a wall surface maintained at a temperature below the freezing point of the aqueous solution. And a method of generating liquid ice containing an aqueous solution on the wall surface, and a step of recovering the ice formed on the wall surface.
- the ice of the present invention that satisfies the above conditions (a) and (b) can be produced.
- the present invention is a method for producing liquid ice containing an aqueous solution containing a solute, by spraying a liquid containing an aqueous solution containing a solute on a wall surface maintained at a temperature below the freezing point of the aqueous solution. And a step of generating liquid ice containing an aqueous solution on the wall surface and a step of recovering the ice generated on the wall surface.
- the ice of the present invention cannot be produced. This is considered to be due to the insufficient cooling rate.
- the production method of the present invention provides rapid cooling, which has not been achieved in the past, by directly contacting the wall surface of the mist-like aqueous solution sprayed with a liquid containing an aqueous solution containing a solute at a temperature below the freezing point. It is possible. Thereby, it is thought that this invention can produce
- the wall surface is, for example, an inner wall of a cylindrical structure such as a vertical drum 11 in FIG. 1 to be described later, but is not particularly limited as long as it can be maintained at a temperature below the freezing point of the aqueous solution.
- the temperature of the wall surface is not particularly limited as long as it is maintained at a temperature lower than or equal to the freezing point of the aqueous solution.
- the wall surface temperature is higher than the freezing point of the aqueous solution in that ice having high purity of ice satisfying the above conditions (a) and (b) can be produced.
- the spraying method is not particularly limited, for example, spraying can be performed by spraying from spraying means having spray holes, such as a pipe 13 in FIG.
- the water pressure at the time of injection is, for example, 0.001 MPa or more (0.002 MPa or more, 0.005 MPa or more, 0.01 MPa or more, 0.05 MPa or more, 0.1 MPa or more, 0.2 MPa or more, etc.). 1 MPa or less (0.8 MPa or less, 0.7 MPa or less, 0.6 MPa or less, 0.5 MPa or less, 0.3 MPa or less, 0.1 MPa or less, 0.05 MPa or less, 0.01 MPa or less, etc.) There may be.
- a rotating means such as a rotatable shaft 12 is provided on the central axis of the saddle drum 11, and the spraying is performed by continuous spraying such as spraying while rotating. Also good.
- This invention has the process of collect
- the method of collecting is not particularly limited, and for example, as shown in FIG. 2 to be described later, the ice on the wall surface may be scraped by means such as a blade 15 and the dropped ice may be collected.
- the actual melting completion temperature can be adjusted by adjusting the amount of ice making heat remaining in the ice. In order to adjust the ice making heat, it can be performed by adjusting the holding time of the ice on the wall surface in the recovery step of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 A partial sectional perspective view of the ice making machine 10 is shown in FIG. 1, and an ice making system including the ice making machine 10 is shown in FIG.
- the ice making machine 10 includes a vertical drum 11 whose inner peripheral surface is cooled by a refrigerant, and a rotating shaft 12 that is rotated by a geared motor 20 is disposed on the central axis of the vertical drum 11.
- the rotary shaft 12 rotates together with the rotary shaft 12 and has a plurality of pipes 13 having injection holes 13 a at the tip thereof for injecting salt water toward the inner peripheral surface of the vertical drum 11, and the radial direction of the vertical drum 11.
- An arm 14 that extends and rotates together with the rotating shaft 12 is attached.
- a blade 15 that scrapes off the ice generated on the inner peripheral surface of the saddle drum 11 is attached to the tip of the arm 14.
- the bowl-shaped drum 11 has an inner cylinder 22 in which ice is generated on the inner peripheral surface and an outer cylinder 23 surrounding the inner cylinder 22.
- the inner cylinder 22 and the outer cylinder 23 are made of steel, and a clearance is provided between the inner cylinder 22 and the outer cylinder 23. Refrigerant is supplied to the clearance from a refrigerator (not shown) via the pipe 35.
- the outer peripheral surface of the saddle drum 11 is covered with a cylindrical protective cover 19.
- the upper surface of the bowl-shaped drum 11 is sealed with an upper bearing member 17 having a shape in which the pot is inverted.
- a bush 28 that supports the rotating shaft 12 is fitted in the center of the upper bearing member 17.
- the rotating shaft 12 is supported only by the upper bearing member 17, and the lower end portion of the rotating shaft 12 is not pivotally supported. Therefore, there is no obstacle under the saddle drum 11 when the ice scraped off by the blade 15 falls, and the lower surface of the saddle drum 11 is a discharge port 16 for discharging ice.
- the ice that has fallen from the discharge port 16 is stored in an ice storage tank 34 disposed immediately below the ice making machine 10 (see FIG. 2).
- the rotary shaft 12 is rotated around the material axis by a geared motor 20 installed above the upper bearing member 17.
- a hole 12a extending in the material axis direction and communicating with each pipe 13 is formed (see FIG. 2).
- a rotary joint 21 is attached to the top of the rotating shaft 12.
- the salt water used as the raw material for ice is fed from the salt water storage tank 30 to the rotary joint 21 via the pipe 32 (see FIG. 2).
- the salt water fed to the rotary joint 21 is fed from the rotary joint 21 to the pothole 12a formed in the rotating shaft 12, and is fed to each pipe 13 from the pothole 12a.
- the pipe 13 extends radially from the rotary shaft 12 in the radial direction of the vertical drum 11.
- the installation height of each pipe 13 is an upper position of the height of the inner cylinder 22 of the saddle drum 11, and salt water is injected toward the upper part of the inner peripheral surface of the inner cylinder 22 (see FIG. 1).
- the water pressure when injecting salt water from the injection holes 13a is, for example, about 0.01 MPa.
- a spray nozzle or the like may be used instead of the pipe 13. In this case, the injection pressure can be set to 0.2 to 0.5 MPa, for example.
- the arm 14 is mounted so as to be symmetric with respect to the rotating shaft 12.
- the number of arms 14 is two.
- the blade 15 attached to the tip of each arm 14 is made of a stainless steel plate having a length substantially equal to the total length (total height) of the inner cylinder 22, and a plurality of saw teeth 15 a are provided on the end surface facing the inner cylinder 22. Is formed.
- the refrigerant is supplied to the saddle drum 11 by operating the refrigerator, and the temperature of the inner peripheral surface of the saddle drum 11 is set to ⁇ 20 to ⁇ 25 ° C.
- the geared motor 20 is operated to rotate the rotating shaft 12 around the material axis, and salt water is supplied into the rotating shaft 12 through the rotary joint 21.
- the rotational speed of the rotary shaft 12 is 2 to 4 rpm.
- the rotation speed of the rotary shaft 12 is 10 to 15 rpm.
- the ice generated on the inner peripheral surface of the saddle drum 11 is scraped off by the blade 15 that rotates together with the arm 14.
- the scraped ice falls from the discharge port 16.
- the ice dropped from the discharge port 16 is stored in an ice storage tank 34 disposed immediately below the ice making machine 10 and used for maintaining the freshness of fresh seafood.
- the salt water that does not become ice but flows down the inner peripheral surface of the saddle drum 11 is stored in the salt water storage tank 30 and is fed again to the rotary joint 21 via the pipe 32 by operating the pump 31 (See FIG. 2).
- the salt water in the salt water storage tank 30 decreases, the salt water stored in the salt water tank 33 is supplied to the salt water storage tank 30.
- the present invention includes a method for producing a cooled object to be cooled, the method including a step of cooling the object to be cooled using the above-described refrigerant.
- the object to be cooled is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include fresh animals and plants or parts thereof.
- fresh animals and plants include fresh fish such as saltwater fish, fresh vegetables, and the like.
- the parts of fresh animals and plants include organs of animals (such as humans).
- the cooling method is not particularly limited, and the above-described refrigerant may be cooled by directly contacting the object to be cooled, or indirectly (for example, the heat conduction means capable of transmitting a heat source is cooled by the refrigerant and cooled). It may be cooled (via heat conducting means).
- the cooling process has a higher thermal conductivity than ice between the ice contained in the refrigerant and the object to be cooled. It is preferable to perform cooling so that a solid is present. Thereby, it is possible to cool for a long time while obtaining a cooling capability for a short time by a solid having high thermal conductivity. In such a case, another object may be interposed between ice, a solid having a higher thermal conductivity than ice, and an object to be cooled, depending on the purpose.
- the object to be cooled in the refrigerant for example, a solid (metal etc.) having a higher thermal conductivity than ice which is not preferable to contact the object to be cooled from the viewpoint of safety.
- the refrigerant or the object to be cooled may be accommodated in the bag, and the refrigerant and the object to be cooled may be cooled so as not to be in direct contact with each other.
- ice of an aqueous solution (saturated saline) containing 23.1% of sodium chloride as a solute (hereinafter referred to as “ice according to Example 1”) was produced.
- ice according to Example 1 (a) the temperature at the completion of melting was less than 0 ° C. Further, the concentration of the saline solution in the aqueous solution during the melting process was substantially constant, that is, (b) the rate of change in the solute concentration of the aqueous solution generated from ice during the melting process was within 30%.
- a change with time was measured under an outside air temperature.
- the temperature increased in proportion to the passage of time.
- the ice according to Example 1 had a high cooling ability due to the effect of latent heat because almost no temperature change was observed around ⁇ 20 ° C. until the melting was completed. .
- Example 2 In the same manner as in Example 1, using the above ice maker 10, ice of an aqueous solution (saturated saline) containing 23.1% of sodium chloride as a solute (hereinafter referred to as “ice according to Example 2 (solution: saturated saline)”. ) ”) Manufactured. Moreover, what added copper to the ice (solution: saturated saline) concerning Example 2 was prepared, and this was made into the ice (solution: saturated saline + CU) concerning Example 2. Furthermore, a saturated saline solution ( ⁇ 20 ° C. aqueous solution) that was not frozen was prepared.
- saturated saline solution ⁇ 20 ° C. aqueous solution
- the fish core temperature is cooled.
- the change with time was measured.
- the result is shown in FIG. In FIG. 4, the vertical axis represents temperature (° C.) and the horizontal axis represents time (minutes).
- Example 3 Using the ice making machine 10 described above, using raw milk instead of an aqueous solution containing 23.1% (saturated saline), the ice of raw milk according to Example 3 is produced in the same manner as the ice according to Example 1. did.
- the ice according to Example 3 was sampled, it was difficult to separate while eating, and the solid state could last for a long time, confirming that it was delicious. Further, when the same ice was left without being melted and dissolved, the raw milk produced by the dissolution was not separated. Furthermore, when the separation state when the ice of raw milk according to Example 3 was produced using the ice making machine 10 was confirmed, oil remained on the wall surface even after the ice was collected from the wall surface sprayed with the liquid. It was confirmed that it was not separated even during production. From these things, it turned out that it can be set as the state which the ice of this invention does not isolate
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a refrigerated animal or plant or a portion thereof, which uses the liquid ice containing an aqueous solution containing a solute that satisfies the following conditions (a) to (c): It is a method which has the process of refrigerated a part.
- the temperature at the time of melting is less than 0 ° C.
- the rate of change in the solute concentration of the aqueous solution generated from the ice during the melting process is within 30%. ⁇ Freezing point + 0.5 ° C
- the ice in the present invention satisfies the above condition (c), the animals and plants or their parts are not frozen and are excellent in the ability to maintain a low temperature state. Moreover, since the conditions (a) and (b) are satisfied, the ability to maintain a low temperature state is further improved. This point will be described below.
- a freezing point depression occurs in which the freezing point of the aqueous solution is lowered.
- a conventional aqueous solution in which a solute such as sodium chloride has melted due to the freezing point depression has a freezing point lowered due to the freezing point depression. That is, ice made of such an aqueous solution is ice that has solidified at a lower temperature than ice made of fresh water.
- latent heat the heat required when ice changes to water is referred to as “latent heat”, but this latent heat is not accompanied by a temperature change.
- the refrigeration capacity of the object to be refrigerated should be higher than ice made of fresh water.
- the ability to refrigerate the object to be refrigerated is not sufficient, such as its own temperature rising quickly over time.
- the present inventors have discovered. The present inventors have examined the reason, and in the conventional method, even if ice is produced from an aqueous solution containing a solute such as salt, actually, ice containing no solute is produced first before the aqueous solution freezes. As a result, a mixture of ice and solute that does not contain solute is produced, or only a small amount of ice having a reduced freezing point is produced. I knew there wasn't.
- the present inventors succeeded in producing liquid ice containing an aqueous solution having a reduced freezing point by a predetermined method (details will be described later). Since the ice of the present invention satisfies the above conditions (a) to (c), it has an excellent ability to refrigerate animals and plants or parts thereof without freezing.
- liquid ice containing an aqueous solution containing a solute that satisfies the above conditions (a) to (c) used in the production method of the present invention will be described in detail.
- the ice of the present invention is liquid ice containing an aqueous solution containing a solute, the temperature of the freezing point is lower than the freezing point of fresh water (water not containing a solute). Therefore, it has the characteristic that the temperature at the time of completion of melting is less than 0 ° C.
- “Tempering completion temperature” means that the ice of the present invention is placed in an environment above the melting point (for example, room temperature and atmospheric pressure) to start melting the ice, and all the ice melts to become water. It refers to the temperature of the water at the time.
- the temperature at the completion of melting is not particularly limited as long as it is less than 0 ° C., and can be appropriately changed by adjusting the kind and concentration of the solute.
- the temperature at the completion of melting is preferably lower in terms of higher refrigeration ability. Specifically, it is -1 ° C or lower (-2 ° C or lower, -3 ° C or lower, -4 ° C or lower, -5 ° C or lower, -6 ° C or lower, -7 ° C or lower, -8 ° C or lower, -9 ° C or lower, -10 ° C or lower, -11 ° C or lower, -12 ° C or lower, -13 ° C or lower, -14 ° C or lower, -15 Or less, ⁇ 16 ° C.
- the temperature at the completion of thawing is not too high.
- -21 ° C or higher (-20 ° C or higher, -19 ° C or higher, -18 ° C or higher, -17 ° C or higher, -16 ° C or higher, -15 ° C or higher, -14 ° C or higher, -13 ° C or higher,- 12 ° C or higher, -11 ° C or higher, -10 ° C or higher, -9 ° C or higher, -8 ° C or higher, -7 ° C or higher, -6 ° C or higher, -5 ° C or higher, -4 ° C or higher, -3 ° C or higher,- 2 ° C or higher, -1 ° C or higher, -0.5 ° C or higher, etc.).
- the ice of the present invention has a change rate of the solute concentration of the aqueous solution generated from the ice during the melting process (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “change rate of the solute concentration” in this specification) of 30. %. Even in the method as described in Patent Document 1, ice having a slightly reduced freezing point may be generated, but most of them are a mixture of water ice and solute crystals containing no solute. Is not enough.
- the ice of the present invention is made of ice in an aqueous solution containing a solute, it has a feature that there is little change in the elution rate of the solute during the melting process. Specifically, the change rate of the solute concentration of the aqueous solution generated from ice during the melting process is 30%.
- the “rate of change in the solute concentration of an aqueous solution generated from ice during the melting process” means the ratio of the concentration of the aqueous solution at the completion of melting to the solute concentration in the aqueous solution generated at an arbitrary point in the melting process.
- the “solute concentration” means the concentration of the mass of the solute in the aqueous solution.
- the rate of change of the solute concentration in the ice of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is within 30%, but the smaller the rate of change, the higher the purity of the ice in the aqueous solution with a reduced freezing point, that is, the higher the refrigeration capacity. Means. From this viewpoint, the change rate of solute concentration is within 25% (within 24%, within 23%, within 22%, within 21%, within 20%, within 19%, within 18%, within 17%, within 16%. Within 15%, within 14%, within 13%, within 12%, within 11%, within 10%, within 9%, within 8%, within 7%, within 6%, within 5%, within 4%, 3 %, Within 2%, within 1%, within 0.5%, etc.).
- the change rate of the solute concentration is 0.1% or more (0.5% or more, 1% or more, 2% or more, 3% or more, 4% or more, 5% or more, 6% or more, 7% or more, 8 % Or more, 9% or more, 10% or more, 11% or more, 12% or more, 13% or more, 14% or more, 15% or more, 16% or more, 17% or more, 18% or more, 19% or more, 20% or more Etc.).
- the ice in the present invention is characterized in that the temperature is from the freezing point to the freezing point + 0.5 ° C. of animals or plants or parts thereof. If this range is satisfied, the temperature of the ice is not limited, but the closer to the freezing point temperature, the higher the effect of maintaining the low temperature. Therefore, the ice in the present invention preferably has a freezing point + 0.4 ° C. or lower, more preferably a freezing point + 0.3 ° C. or lower, and further preferably a freezing point + 0.2 ° C. or lower.
- the freezing point + 0.1 ° C. or lower is even more preferable, and the freezing point + 0.05 ° C. or lower is particularly preferable.
- the ice temperature is more preferably a freezing point + 0.01 ° C. or higher, more preferably a freezing point + 0.05 ° C. or higher, and a freezing point + 0.1 ° C. or higher.
- the freezing point + 0.2 ° C. or higher is still more preferable, the freezing point + 0.3 ° C. or higher is more preferable, and the freezing point + 0.4 ° C. or higher is particularly preferable.
- the freezing point of the animals and plants or parts thereof may be the whole freezing point of the “animals and plants or parts thereof”, or may be the freezing points of at least a part of the “animals and plants or parts thereof”.
- solute The kind of solute contained in the ice of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a solute when water is used as a solvent, and can be appropriately selected according to a desired freezing point, use of ice to be used, and the like.
- the solute include solid solutes and liquid solutes, and typical solutes include salts (such as inorganic salts and organic salts).
- salts sodium chloride (NaCl) is preferable because it does not excessively lower the temperature of the freezing point and is suitable for cooling fresh animals and plants or a part thereof.
- salt is contained in seawater, it is also preferable in terms of easy procurement.
- ethylene glycol etc. are mentioned as a liquid solute.
- a solute may be contained individually by 1 type and may be contained 2 or more types.
- the concentration of the solute contained in the ice of the present invention is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately selected depending on the desired freezing point, the use of the ice to be used, etc. in consideration of the kind of solute, the object to be refrigerated, etc. .
- the freezing point of the aqueous solution can be further lowered to obtain a high refrigeration capacity, but the concentration may be changed as appropriate.
- the concentration of sodium chloride is 0.5% ( w / v) or more (1% (w / v) or more, 2% (w / v) or more, 3% (w / v) or more, 4% (w / v) or more, 5% (w / v) or more 6% (w / v) or higher, 7% (w / v) or higher, 8% (w / v) or higher, 9% (w / v) or higher, 10% (w / v) or higher, 11% (w / V) or more, 12% (w / v) or more, 13% (w / v) or more, 14% (w / v) or more, 15% (w / v) or more, 16% (w / v) or more, 17% (w / v) or more, 18% (w / v) or more, 19% (w / v) or more, 20% (w / v) or
- ice refers to a frozen liquid containing an aqueous solution.
- the liquid constituting the ice in the present invention may be, for example, a liquid containing oil in addition to the aqueous solution containing the solute.
- a liquid containing oil examples include raw milk and industrial waste (such as waste milk) containing water and oil, but are not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected depending on the purpose. Since the ice in the present invention continues to be stable at a temperature below the freezing point of fresh water, that is, it can maintain a state in which it is not separated for a long time. Therefore, when the liquid constituting the ice in the present invention is a liquid containing oil, the uniform state of the oil lasts for a long time, that is, the state where the oil is not separated can be maintained for a long time. In addition, you may comprise the ice in this invention only from what frozen the aqueous solution containing said solute.
- the ratio of water to oil in the liquid is not particularly limited, and is, for example, 1:99 to 99: 1 (10:90 to 90:10, 20 : 80 to 80:20, 30:80 to 80:30, 40 to 60:40 to 60, etc.).
- the ice in the present invention may be an aqueous ice containing two or more solutes having different freezing point depression degrees.
- the ice in the present invention may be a mixture of ice in an aqueous solution containing one solute and ice in an aqueous solution containing the other solute.
- ice of an aqueous solution containing sodium chloride as a solute having a different freezing point depression degree from that of ethylene glycol to ice of an aqueous solution containing ethylene glycol as a solute, melting of the ice of the aqueous solution containing ethylene glycol can be delayed. it can.
- the ice in the present invention may be an aqueous ice in which two or more solutes are dissolved in the same aqueous solution.
- solutes having different degrees of freezing point depression it is also useful for lowering the melting point of ice of an aqueous solution containing the target solute.
- salt ethylene glycol, calcium chloride, etc.
- the melting point of the salt water ice can be lowered, and the refrigeration ability is further improved. High ice can be achieved.
- the ratio of two or more solutes having different freezing point depression degrees can be appropriately changed according to the purpose.
- liquid ice containing an aqueous solution that does not satisfy the condition of Even if the ice is actually brought into contact with the object to be refrigerated, it penetrates between the animal or plant or its part to be refrigerated and the aqueous solution in which the ice to be refrigerated is melted. Pressure is likely to occur and it is difficult to achieve sustained isotonicity.
- liquid ice containing an aqueous solution that does not satisfy the above conditions (a) and (b) as in the present invention is not purely pure ice itself, but actually ice and solute consisting of fresh water. It is thought that this is due to the fact that the mixture of occupies most of the mixture.
- the elution concentration of the solute at the start of melting tends to be high, and the change rate of the elution concentration is large, so that the condition (b) is not satisfied, and the liquid containing the aqueous solution Even if the concentration is adjusted to be isotonic when freezing the ice, it is not possible to achieve sustained isotonicity when the ice is melted by use in refrigeration.
- the liquid ice containing the aqueous solution in the present invention satisfies the above condition (b) because it contains the ice of the aqueous solution itself, and since there is little change in the elution concentration of the solute in the melting process, Can be realized.
- the above-mentioned isotonicity is one factor for realizing the adjustment of the concentration of the solute, but the melting point of the ice changes by adjusting the concentration of the solute. Then, when the concentration of the solute is adjusted so as to satisfy the above condition (c) (that is, to make the temperature just from the freezing point to the freezing point + 0.5 ° C. of the animal or plant or part thereof) It is difficult to adjust the concentration to achieve isotonicity with animals or plants or parts thereof.
- the ice of the present invention can adjust the freezing point and the melting point by adjusting the ice-making heat (details will be described later) remaining at the time of production, the above condition (c) is satisfied, and The above isotonicity can be more reliably realized.
- the ice in the present invention is preferably seawater, ice obtained by adding salt to seawater, or seawater diluted water.
- Seawater, water obtained by adding salt to seawater, or seawater dilution water can be easily procured on the spot when seawater fish and the like are captured in the sea to produce refrigerated goods on the spot.
- Seawater, seawater-added salt water, or seawater dilution water is useful in terms of high safety when animals and plants or parts thereof are used for food or as organs for transplantation, etc. It is. Further, the cost of seawater, water obtained by adding salt to seawater, or seawater dilution water can be reduced.
- the animal or plant to be refrigerated or its part is not particularly limited, but is suitable for refrigeration of a fresh animal or plant or its part.
- fresh animals and plants include fresh fish such as saltwater fish, fresh vegetables, and the like.
- the parts of fresh animals and plants include organs of animals (such as humans).
- the animals and plants in the present invention are preferably special foods such as fresh fish and fresh vegetables.
- NaCl concentration of aqueous solution shall be more than 0% and less than 2%.
- the melting completion temperature can be reduced to ⁇ 1 ° C. or less, which is also useful in that the growth of microorganisms in seawater fish can be suppressed.
- animal parts for example, organs for transplantation
- the freezing point may be different, but as described above, according to the present invention, the ice satisfies the condition (c) and isotonic. Useful in that it can.
- the method of refrigeration is not particularly limited, and may be refrigerated by directly contacting ice with the object to be refrigerated, or indirectly (for example, storing ice in a container or the like and contacting the container with the object to be refrigerated). It may be refrigerated.
- the method of bringing ice directly into contact with the object to be refrigerated is preferable because it has a merit in that drying can be prevented.
- isotonicity cannot be realized.
- the isotonicity can be adversely affected by realizing continuous isotonicity. While controlling, you can also enjoy the benefits of direct contact.
- the ice produced by the production method of the present invention is excellent in refrigeration ability, it is suitable for the production of objects to be refrigerated.
- examples of what can be used to manufacture such objects to be refrigerated include organic solvents used as antifreeze liquids such as ethanol in addition to ice, but ice has higher thermal conductivity and specific heat than these antifreeze liquids. high. Therefore, ice having a low freezing point by dissolving a solute such as ice in the present invention is also useful in that it has a higher refrigeration capacity than other refrigerants of less than 0 ° C. such as antifreeze.
- components other than the above ice may be used for refrigeration.
- the mixture may be refrigerated with a mixture of ice and water.
- the concentration of the solute in ice and the concentration of the solute in water are preferably close. The reason is as follows.
- the solute concentration of ice When the solute concentration of ice is higher than the solute concentration of water, the temperature of the ice is lower than the saturation freezing point of water, so that water freezes immediately after mixing water with a low solute concentration.
- the solute concentration of ice when the solute concentration of ice is lower than the solute concentration of water, the saturation freezing point of water is lower than the saturation freezing point of ice, so that the ice melts and the temperature of the refrigerant composed of a mixture of ice and water decreases. . That is, in order not to change the state of the mixture of ice and water (the state of the ice slurry), it is preferable that the solute concentrations of the ice and water to be mixed are approximately the same as described above.
- the water When refrigerated in the form of a mixture of ice and water, the water may be one obtained by melting the ice or may be prepared separately, but the ice is melted. It is preferable.
- the ratio of the solute concentration in ice to the solute concentration in water is more preferably 75:25 to 20:80, and further preferably 70:30 to 30:70, 60:40 to 40:60 is even more preferred, 55:45 to 45:55 is even more preferred, 52:48 to 48:52 is particularly preferred, and 50:50 is preferred. Is most preferred.
- the ratio of the solute concentration in ice to the solute concentration in water is preferably within the above range.
- the above ice satisfying the conditions (a), (b), and (c) is obtained by spraying a liquid containing an aqueous solution containing a solute onto a wall surface maintained at a temperature below the freezing point of the aqueous solution.
- the liquid ice containing the aqueous solution can be produced on the wall surface, and the step of collecting the ice produced on the wall surface can be used.
- the method according to the following will be described in detail.
- the temperature is adjusted by a known temperature adjusting means (for example, placed at room temperature). Can be satisfied.
- the ice generation step is a method for producing liquid ice containing an aqueous solution containing a solute, and spraying the liquid containing the aqueous solution containing the solute onto a wall surface maintained at a temperature below the freezing point of the aqueous solution.
- the wall surface is, for example, an inner wall of a cylindrical structure such as a vertical drum 11 in FIG. 5 to be described later, but is not particularly limited as long as it can be maintained at a temperature below the freezing point of the aqueous solution.
- the temperature of the wall surface is not particularly limited as long as it is maintained at a temperature below the freezing point of the aqueous solution, but it is possible to produce ice with high purity of ice that satisfies the above conditions (a), (b) and (c), 1 ° C or more lower than freezing point of aqueous solution (2 ° C or more lower temperature, 3 ° C or more lower temperature, 4 ° C or more lower temperature, 5 ° C or more lower temperature, 6 ° C or more lower temperature, 7 ° C or more lower temperature, 8 ° C or more lower temperature Temperature, temperature lower than 9 ° C, temperature lower than 10 ° C, temperature lower than 11 ° C, temperature lower than 12 ° C, temperature lower than 13 ° C, temperature lower than 14 °
- the spraying method is not particularly limited, for example, spraying can be performed by spraying from spraying means having spray holes, such as a pipe 13 in FIG. 5 described later.
- the water pressure at the time of injection is, for example, 0.001 MPa or more (0.002 MPa or more, 0.005 MPa or more, 0.01 MPa or more, 0.05 MPa or more, 0.1 MPa or more, 0.2 MPa or more, etc.). 1 MPa or less (0.8 MPa or less, 0.7 MPa or less, 0.6 MPa or less, 0.5 MPa or less, 0.3 MPa or less, 0.1 MPa or less, 0.05 MPa or less, 0.01 MPa or less, etc.) There may be.
- a rotating means such as a rotatable shaft 12 is provided on the central axis of the saddle drum 11, and the spraying is performed by continuous spraying such as spraying while rotating. Also good.
- the recovery step is a step of recovering the ice generated on the wall surface after the above-described ice generation step.
- the method of collecting is not particularly limited, and for example, as shown in FIG. 6 to be described later, the ice on the wall surface may be scraped by means such as a blade 15 and the dropped ice may be collected.
- the melting point and freezing point of water depend on the type and concentration of the solute
- the present inventors have discovered the possibility of other factors affecting the melting point and freezing point. That is, when ice is generated, ice making heat is generated, but the present inventors have discovered that the actual melting completion temperature may be affected by the ice being heated. Thus, it is considered that the melting completion temperature is affected not only by the type and concentration of the solute but also by the ice making heat. Therefore, the actual melting completion temperature can be adjusted by adjusting the amount of ice making heat remaining in the ice. If the actual melting completion temperature can be adjusted, ice having a desired melting completion temperature can be produced while achieving the above isotonicity. The ice-making heat can be adjusted by adjusting the holding time of the ice on the wall surface in the recovery step.
- FIG. 5 A partial cross-sectional perspective view of the ice making machine 10 is shown in FIG. 5, and an ice making system including the ice making machine 10 is shown in FIG.
- the ice making machine 10 includes a vertical drum 11 whose inner peripheral surface is cooled by a refrigerant, and a rotating shaft 12 that is rotated by a geared motor 20 is disposed on the central axis of the vertical drum 11.
- the rotary shaft 12 rotates together with the rotary shaft 12 and has a plurality of pipes 13 having injection holes 13 a at the tip thereof for injecting salt water toward the inner peripheral surface of the vertical drum 11, and the radial direction of the vertical drum 11.
- An arm 14 that extends and rotates together with the rotating shaft 12 is attached.
- a blade 15 that scrapes off the ice generated on the inner peripheral surface of the saddle drum 11 is attached to the tip of the arm 14.
- the bowl-shaped drum 11 has an inner cylinder 22 in which ice is generated on the inner peripheral surface and an outer cylinder 23 surrounding the inner cylinder 22.
- the inner cylinder 22 and the outer cylinder 23 are made of steel, and a clearance is provided between the inner cylinder 22 and the outer cylinder 23. Refrigerant is supplied to the clearance from a refrigerator (not shown) via the pipe 35.
- the outer peripheral surface of the saddle drum 11 is covered with a cylindrical protective cover 19.
- the upper surface of the bowl-shaped drum 11 is sealed with an upper bearing member 17 having a shape in which the pot is inverted.
- a bush 28 that supports the rotating shaft 12 is fitted in the center of the upper bearing member 17.
- the rotating shaft 12 is supported only by the upper bearing member 17, and the lower end portion of the rotating shaft 12 is not pivotally supported. Therefore, there is no obstacle under the saddle drum 11 when the ice scraped off by the blade 15 falls, and the lower surface of the saddle drum 11 is a discharge port 16 for discharging ice.
- the ice that has fallen from the discharge port 16 is stored in an ice storage tank 34 disposed immediately below the ice making machine 10 (see FIG. 6).
- the rotary shaft 12 is rotated around the material axis by a geared motor 20 installed above the upper bearing member 17.
- a hole 12a extending in the material axis direction and communicating with each pipe 13 is formed (see FIG. 6).
- a rotary joint 21 is attached to the top of the rotating shaft 12.
- the salt water used as the raw material for ice is fed from the salt water storage tank 30 to the rotary joint 21 via the pipe 32 (see FIG. 6).
- the salt water fed to the rotary joint 21 is fed from the rotary joint 21 to the pothole 12a formed in the rotating shaft 12, and is fed to each pipe 13 from the pothole 12a.
- the pipe 13 extends radially from the rotary shaft 12 in the radial direction of the vertical drum 11.
- the installation height of each pipe 13 is the upper position of the height of the inner cylinder 22 of the saddle drum 11, and salt water is injected toward the upper part of the inner peripheral surface of the inner cylinder 22 (see FIG. 6).
- the water pressure when injecting salt water from the injection holes 13a is, for example, about 0.01 MPa.
- a spray nozzle or the like may be used instead of the pipe 13. In this case, the injection pressure can be set to 0.2 to 0.5 MPa, for example.
- the arm 14 is mounted so as to be symmetric with respect to the rotating shaft 12.
- the number of arms 14 is two.
- the blade 15 attached to the tip of each arm 14 is made of a stainless steel plate having a length substantially equal to the total length (total height) of the inner cylinder 22, and a plurality of saw teeth 15 a are provided on the end surface facing the inner cylinder 22. Is formed.
- the refrigerant is supplied to the saddle drum 11 by operating the refrigerator, and the temperature of the inner peripheral surface of the saddle drum 11 is set to ⁇ 20 to ⁇ 25 ° C.
- the geared motor 20 is operated to rotate the rotating shaft 12 around the material axis, and salt water is supplied into the rotating shaft 12 through the rotary joint 21.
- the rotational speed of the rotary shaft 12 is 2 to 4 rpm.
- the rotation speed of the rotary shaft 12 is 10 to 15 rpm.
- the ice generated on the inner peripheral surface of the saddle drum 11 is scraped off by the blade 15 that rotates together with the arm 14.
- the scraped ice falls from the discharge port 16.
- the ice dropped from the discharge port 16 is stored in an ice storage tank 34 disposed immediately below the ice making machine 10 and used for maintaining the freshness of fresh seafood.
- the salt water that does not become ice but flows down the inner peripheral surface of the saddle drum 11 is stored in the salt water storage tank 30 and is fed again to the rotary joint 21 via the pipe 32 by operating the pump 31 ( (See FIG. 6).
- the salt water in the salt water storage tank 30 decreases, the salt water stored in the salt water tank 33 is supplied to the salt water storage tank 30.
- the present invention includes a refrigeration agent for animals and plants or parts thereof including liquid ice containing an aqueous solution containing a solute that satisfies the following conditions (a) to (c).
- a) The temperature at the completion of melting is less than 0 ° C.
- b) The rate of change in the solute concentration of the aqueous solution generated from the ice during the melting process is within 30%.
- the conditions (a) to (c) in the ice of the refrigeration agent of the present invention are the same as the conditions (a) to (c) in the above-described “method for producing refrigerated products of animals and plants or parts thereof” of the present invention described above.
- the thing can be illustrated.
- the thing refrigerated by the refrigeration agent can illustrate the same thing as the object refrigerated in the “method for producing refrigerated products of animals and plants or parts thereof” of the present invention.
- the refrigeration agent may be composed of a mixture of ice and water by including water in addition to the above ice.
- the concentration of the solute in ice and the concentration of the solute in water are preferably close.
- the water may be one obtained by melting the ice or may be prepared separately, but the ice is melted. It is preferable.
- the refrigeration agent of the present invention when the refrigeration agent of the present invention is composed of a mixture of ice and water, the ratio between the concentration of the solute in ice and the concentration of the solute in water is 75:25 to 20:80. More preferably, it is 70:30 to 30:70, still more preferably 60:40 to 40:60, still more preferably 55:45 to 45:55, and 52:48. Particularly preferred is ⁇ 48: 52, and most preferred is 50:50.
- the ratio of the solute concentration in ice to the solute concentration in water is preferably within the above range.
- the refrigeration agent of the present invention may further contain a solid having a higher thermal conductivity than the ice in the present invention, but may not contain it, but it is preferable to contain it.
- a solid having a higher thermal conductivity than the ice in the present invention
- it can be achieved by using a solid with high thermal conductivity, but in this case, the solid itself loses chilling energy in a short time. It is not suitable for long-term refrigeration because the temperature tends to rise.
- a solid with high thermal conductivity is suitable for refrigeration for a long time, but is not suitable for refrigeration of a refrigerated object in a short time.
- the ice of the present invention has a high refrigeration capacity as described above, it is useful in that it can be refrigerated for a long time while obtaining a refrigeration ability for a short time with a solid having high thermal conductivity.
- solids having higher thermal conductivity than ice of the present invention include metals (aluminum, silver, copper, gold, duralumin, antimony, cadmium, zinc, tin, bismuth, tungsten, titanium, iron, lead, nickel, platinum).
- a solid having a higher thermal conductivity than ice of the present invention is a solid having a thermal conductivity of 2.3 W / m K or higher (3 W / m K or higher, 5 W / m K or higher, 8 W / m K or higher, etc.). It is preferably a solid having a thermal conductivity of 10 W / m K or higher (20 W / m K or higher, 30 W / m K or higher, 40 W / m K or higher, etc.), and a thermal conductivity of 50 W / m or higher.
- the solid is K or higher (60 W / m K or higher, 75 W / m K or higher, 90 W / m K or higher, etc.), and the thermal conductivity is 100 W / m K or higher (125 W / m K or higher, 150 W / m or higher). K or more, 175 W / m K or more) is more preferable, and the thermal conductivity is 200 W / m K or more (250 W / m K or more, 300 W / m K or more, 350 W / m K or more, etc.).
- Be solid Incidentally Preferably, it still preferably the thermal conductivity of 200 W / m K or more solid, it is particularly preferred thermal conductivity of solid or 400W / m K (410W / m K or more, etc.).
- the refrigeration agent of the present invention contains a solid having a higher thermal conductivity than the ice of the present invention, as described above, it is suitable for long-time refrigeration even if it contains many solids.
- Mass of solid having higher thermal conductivity than ice / mass of ice of the present invention contained in refrigeration agent is 1/100000 or more (1 / 50,000 or more, 1/10000 or more, 1/5000 or more, 1/1000 or more, 1/500 or more, 1/100 or more, 1/50 or more, 1/10 or more, 1/5 or more, 1/4 or more 1/3 or more, 1/2 or more, etc.).
- the solid in the present invention may have any shape, but is preferably particulate.
- the solid may be included in a form included in the ice of the present invention, may be included in a form included outside the ice, but is included in a form included outside the ice. Since it is easier to directly contact the object to be refrigerated, the refrigeration ability is increased. For this reason, it is preferable to be included in a form included outside the ice.
- the refrigeration agent of the present invention contains the solid, it may be mixed with the solid after producing ice by the ice production method of the present invention, or in a state of being mixed with water as a raw material in advance, Ice may be produced.
- the solid which has higher heat conductivity than the ice of the above-mentioned this invention may or may not be used, but it is preferable to use it.
- refrigeration may be performed so that a solid having a higher thermal conductivity than ice is interposed between ice and animals or plants or parts thereof. preferable. Thereby, it is possible to refrigerate for a long time while obtaining a refrigeration capability for a short time with a solid having high thermal conductivity.
- the bag contains either ice and a mixture of the solid and ice, or animals or plants or parts thereof. Then, the solid may be refrigerated so that it does not come into direct contact with animals and plants or parts thereof.
- aqueous solution ice (hereinafter referred to as “ice according to Example 4”) containing sodium chloride (concentration: 1%) as a solute was produced.
- ice according to Example 4 aqueous solution ice containing sodium chloride (concentration: 1%) as a solute was produced.
- concentration: 1%) concentration of the aqueous solution generated from the ice during the melting process is within 30%.
- a part of the ice according to Example 4 was melted to obtain a mixture of ice and water according to Example 4.
- the seawater fish was refrigerated to produce an object to be refrigerated.
- the temperature of the ice according to Example 4 was adjusted to ⁇ 1 ° C.
- Such temperature is a temperature within the range of (c) freezing point of seawater fish to freezing point + 0.5.
- crushed ice was prepared by freezing fresh water and pulverized, and a portion of the crushed ice was melted to obtain a mixture of crushed ice and water. Chilled ice and a mixture of water were used to manufacture a refrigerated seawater fish.
- Example 4 the temperature change of the seawater fish during production was measured.
- the result is shown in FIG. In FIG. 7, the vertical axis represents temperature and the horizontal axis represents time.
- the ice in the present invention is a method for producing a liquid containing ice in an aqueous solution containing salt (brine), and the liquid containing the aqueous solution containing salt is applied to the wall surface maintained at a temperature below the freezing point of the aqueous solution. And spraying to produce a liquid ice containing an aqueous solution on the wall surface and a method of recovering the ice formed on the wall surface.
- the present invention is a method for producing liquid ice containing an aqueous solution containing salt, by spraying a liquid containing an aqueous solution containing a solute onto a wall surface maintained at a temperature below the freezing point of the aqueous solution. And a step of generating liquid ice containing an aqueous solution on the wall surface and a step of recovering the ice generated on the wall surface.
- the production method of the present invention provides rapid cooling that has not been achieved in the past by directly contacting a wall surface that is kept at a temperature below the freezing point, by spraying a liquid containing an aqueous solution containing salt. It is possible. Thereby, it is thought that this invention can produce
- the wall surface is, for example, an inner wall of a cylindrical structure such as a vertical drum 11 in FIG. 8 to be described later, but is not particularly limited as long as it can be maintained at a temperature below the freezing point of the aqueous solution.
- the temperature of the wall surface is not particularly limited as long as it is maintained at a temperature not higher than the freezing point of the aqueous solution, but in particular, the freezing point of the aqueous solution can be produced in that ice having high purity of ice satisfying the above conditions (a) and (b) can be produced.
- Temperature lower than 1 ° C (temperature lower than 2 ° C, temperature lower than 3 ° C, temperature lower than 4 ° C, temperature lower than 5 ° C, temperature lower than 6 ° C, temperature lower than 6 ° C, temperature lower than 7 ° C, temperature lower than 8 ° C, 9 Temperatures over 10 ° C, temperatures over 10 ° C, temperatures over 11 ° C, temperatures over 12 ° C, temperatures over 13 ° C, temperatures over 14 ° C, temperatures over 15 ° C, temperatures over 16 ° C, temperatures over 17 ° C Low temperature, temperature lower than 18 ° C, temperature lower than 19 ° C, temperature lower than 20 ° C, temperature lower than 21 ° C, temperature lower than 22 ° C, temperature lower than 23 ° C, temperature lower than 24 ° C, temperature lower than 25 ° C Etc.) Preferred.
- the spraying method is not particularly limited, for example, spraying can be performed by spraying from spraying means having spray holes, such as a pipe 13 in FIG.
- the water pressure at the time of injection is, for example, 0.001 MPa or more (0.002 MPa or more, 0.005 MPa or more, 0.01 MPa or more, 0.05 MPa or more, 0.1 MPa or more, 0.2 MPa or more, etc.). 1 MPa or less (0.8 MPa or less, 0.7 MPa or less, 0.6 MPa or less, 0.5 MPa or less, 0.3 MPa or less, 0.1 MPa or less, 0.05 MPa or less, 0.01 MPa or less, etc.) There may be.
- a rotating means such as a rotatable rotating shaft 12 is provided on the central axis of the saddle drum 11, and the spraying is performed by continuous spraying such as spraying while rotating. Also good.
- This invention has the process of collect
- the method of collecting is not particularly limited, and for example, as shown in FIG. 9 to be described later, the ice on the wall surface may be scraped by means such as a blade 15 and the dropped ice may be collected.
- the actual melting completion temperature can be adjusted by adjusting the amount of ice making heat remaining in the ice.
- the ice-making heat can be adjusted by adjusting the holding time of the ice on the wall surface in the recovery step.
- FIG. 8 shows a partial cross-sectional perspective view of an ice making machine 10 used in the method for producing a frozen fresh animal or plant or part thereof according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 9 shows an ice making system including the ice making machine 10.
- the ice making machine 10 includes a vertical drum 11 whose inner peripheral surface is cooled by a refrigerant, and a rotating shaft 12 that is rotated by a geared motor 20 is disposed on the central axis of the vertical drum 11.
- the rotary shaft 12 rotates together with the rotary shaft 12 and has a plurality of pipes 13 having injection holes 13 a at the tip thereof for injecting salt water toward the inner peripheral surface of the vertical drum 11, and the radial direction of the vertical drum 11.
- An arm 14 that extends and rotates together with the rotating shaft 12 is attached.
- a blade 15 that scrapes off the ice generated on the inner peripheral surface of the saddle drum 11 is attached to the tip of the arm 14.
- the bowl-shaped drum 11 has an inner cylinder 22 in which ice is generated on the inner peripheral surface and an outer cylinder 23 surrounding the inner cylinder 22.
- the inner cylinder 22 and the outer cylinder 23 are made of steel, and a clearance is provided between the inner cylinder 22 and the outer cylinder 23. Refrigerant is supplied to the clearance from a refrigerator (not shown) via the pipe 35.
- the outer peripheral surface of the saddle drum 11 is covered with a cylindrical protective cover 19.
- the upper surface of the bowl-shaped drum 11 is sealed with an upper bearing member 17 having a shape in which the pot is inverted.
- a bush 28 that supports the rotating shaft 12 is fitted in the center of the upper bearing member 17.
- the rotating shaft 12 is supported only by the upper bearing member 17, and the lower end portion of the rotating shaft 12 is not pivotally supported. Therefore, there is no obstacle under the saddle drum 11 when the ice scraped off by the blade 15 falls, and the lower surface of the saddle drum 11 is a discharge port 16 for discharging ice.
- the ice that has fallen from the discharge port 16 is stored in an ice storage tank 34 disposed immediately below the ice making machine 10 (see FIG. 9).
- the rotary shaft 12 is rotated around the material axis by a geared motor 20 installed above the upper bearing member 17.
- a hole 12a extending in the material axis direction and communicating with each pipe 13 is formed (see FIG. 9).
- a rotary joint 21 is attached to the top of the rotating shaft 12.
- the salt water used as the raw material for ice is fed from the salt water storage tank 30 to the rotary joint 21 via the pipe 32 (see FIG. 9).
- the salt water fed to the rotary joint 21 is fed from the rotary joint 21 to the pothole 12a formed in the rotating shaft 12, and is fed to each pipe 13 from the pothole 12a.
- the pipe 13 extends radially from the rotary shaft 12 in the radial direction of the vertical drum 11.
- the installation height of each pipe 13 is the upper position of the height of the inner cylinder 22 of the saddle drum 11, and salt water is injected toward the upper part of the inner peripheral surface of the inner cylinder 22 (see FIG. 8).
- the water pressure when injecting salt water from the injection holes 13a is about 0.01 MPa.
- a spray nozzle or the like may be used instead of the pipe 13. In this case, the injection pressure is 0.2 to 0.5 MPa.
- the arm 14 is mounted so as to be symmetric with respect to the rotating shaft 12.
- the number of arms 14 is two.
- the blade 15 attached to the tip of each arm 14 is made of a stainless steel plate having a length substantially equal to the total length (total height) of the inner cylinder 22, and a plurality of saw teeth 15 a are provided on the end surface facing the inner cylinder 22. Is formed.
- the refrigerant is supplied to the saddle drum 11 by operating the refrigerator, and the temperature of the inner peripheral surface of the saddle drum 11 is set to ⁇ 20 to ⁇ 25 ° C.
- the geared motor 20 is operated to rotate the rotating shaft 12 around the material axis, and salt water is supplied into the rotating shaft 12 through the rotary joint 21.
- the rotational speed of the rotary shaft 12 is 2 to 4 rpm.
- the rotation speed of the rotary shaft 12 is 10 to 15 rpm.
- the ice generated on the inner peripheral surface of the saddle drum 11 is scraped off by the blade 15 that rotates together with the arm 14.
- the scraped ice falls from the discharge port 16. Ice falling from the discharge port 16 is stored in an ice storage tank 34 disposed immediately below the ice making machine 10 and used for maintaining freshness of fresh animals and plants.
- the salt water that does not become ice but flows down the inner peripheral surface of the saddle drum 11 is stored in the salt water storage tank 30 and is fed again to the rotary joint 21 via the pipe 32 by operating the pump 31 ( (See FIG. 9).
- the salt water in the salt water storage tank 30 decreases, the salt water stored in the salt water tank 33 is supplied to the salt water storage tank 30.
- a fresh animal or plant or part thereof is immersed in the produced ice slurry, and the fresh animal or plant or part thereof is instantly frozen.
- the soaking time varies depending on the type of fresh animal or plant, but is, for example, about 1 minute to 1 hour.
- the surface of a fresh animal or plant immersed in ice slurry or its part instantly freezes.
- the present invention includes an object to be thawed or a processed product thereof obtained by thawing a frozen fresh animal or plant produced by the above-described method or a part thereof.
- the frozen fresh animals and plants or parts thereof produced by the above-mentioned method are snap frozen, so that there is little tissue damage of the thawed product (for example, there is a feature that there is little damage on the outer surface, etc.). Therefore, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a new object to be thawed or a processed product thereof with less tissue damage than the conventional object to be thawed or processed product thereof.
- the processed product is not particularly limited as long as it is a processed product to be thawed, and may be a cooked product such as baking or cutting.
- the present invention includes a freezing agent for fresh animals and plants or parts thereof including liquid ice containing an aqueous solution containing a solute that satisfies the following conditions (a) and (b).
- a freezing agent for fresh animals and plants or parts thereof including liquid ice containing an aqueous solution containing a solute that satisfies the following conditions (a) and (b).
- the temperature at the completion of melting is less than ⁇ 5 ° C.
- the rate of change in the solute concentration of the aqueous solution generated from the ice during the melting process is within 30%.
- the conditions of ice (a) and (b) in the present invention can be exemplified by the same conditions as the conditions of ice (a) and (b) in the above-described method for producing frozen fresh animals and plants or parts thereof.
- the solute is not limited to sodium chloride and is not particularly limited as long as it is a solute using water as a solvent, and can be appropriately selected according to a desired freezing point, use of ice to be used, and the like.
- the freezing object of the freezing agent in this invention can illustrate the same thing as the fresh animal and plant or its part in the manufacturing method of the above-mentioned frozen fresh animal and plant or its part.
- the freezing agent in the present invention is the above-mentioned ice slurry of ice frozen salt water having a salt concentration of 13.6 to 23.1% and salt water having a salt concentration of 13.6 to 23.1%. It may be.
- the freezing agent of the present invention contains a solid having a higher thermal conductivity than the above-mentioned ice of the present invention, as described above, even if it contains many solids, it is suitable for a long-time instant freezing.
- the mass of the solid having a thermal conductivity higher than that of the ice of the present invention / the mass of the ice of the present invention contained in the freezing agent (or the total mass of the ice of the present invention contained in the freezing agent and the liquid containing the aqueous solution) is 1/100000.
- the solid may be contained in a form contained inside the ice of the present invention, or may be contained in a form contained outside the ice. Since the one contained in the form contained outside is more likely to be in direct contact with the instant freezing object, the instant freezing ability is increased. For this reason, it is preferable to be included in a form included outside the ice.
- the freezing agent of the present invention may be mixed with the solid after the ice is produced by the method for producing ice of the present invention, or in a state of being mixed with water as a raw material in advance. Ice may be produced.
- Example 5 Salt water having a salt concentration of 23.1% was prepared, and frozen with the ice making machine 10 to obtain ice.
- the ice (a) had a temperature of less than ⁇ 5 ° C. upon completion of melting. Further, the concentration of the saline solution in the aqueous solution during the melting process was substantially constant, that is, (b) the rate of change in the solute concentration of the aqueous solution generated from ice during the melting process was within 30%.
- the ice was melted to obtain salt water having a salt concentration of 23.1%, and an ice slurry of the ice and salt water having a salt concentration of 13.6 to 23.1% was produced.
- Example 6 In the same manner as in Example 5, using the ice making machine 10 described above, ice of an aqueous solution (saturated saline) containing 23.1% of sodium chloride as a solute (hereinafter referred to as “ice according to Example 6 (solution: saturated saline)”. ) ”) Manufactured. Moreover, what added copper to the ice (solution: saturated saline) which concerns on Example 6 was prepared, and this was made into the ice (solution: saturated saline + CU) which concerns on Example 6. Furthermore, a saturated saline solution ( ⁇ 20 ° C. aqueous solution) that was not frozen was prepared.
- a saturated saline solution ⁇ 20 ° C. aqueous solution
- Example 6 Using ice according to Example 6 (solution: saturated saline), ice according to Example 6 (solution: saturated saline + CU), and saturated saline ( ⁇ 20 ° C. aqueous solution), the fish was cooled to freeze. The change with time of the fish core temperature was measured. The result is shown in FIG. In FIG. 10, the vertical axis represents temperature (° C.) and the horizontal axis represents time (minutes).
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Abstract
Description
しかし、従来の塩含有水から作成される氷では、融解過程で高濃度の塩水が逐次溶出し、やがて氷の温度が0℃へと上昇してしまう。このため、動植物又はその部分が凍結しないが十分に低温な状態で維持することは難しい。
(a)融解完了時の温度が0℃未満である
(b)融解過程で前記氷から発生する水溶液の溶質濃度の変化率が30%以内である
前記氷における前記溶質の濃度と、前記水における前記溶質の濃度との比が、75:25~20:80である、(4)に記載の冷媒。
溶質を含有する水溶液を含む液体を、該水溶液の凝固点以下の温度に保持された壁面に対して噴霧することによって、前記壁面上に前記水溶液を含む液体の氷を生成する工程と、
前記壁面上において生じた前記氷を回収する工程と、を有し、
前記氷を回収する工程は、前記壁面上に前記氷を保持する時間を調整する工程を含む、方法。
(4)から(6)のいずれかに記載の冷媒を用いて被冷却物を冷却する工程を有する、方法。
以下の(a)~(c)の条件を満たす、溶質を含有する水溶液を含む液体の氷を用いて、前記動植物又はその部分を冷蔵する工程を有する方法。
(a)融解完了時の温度が0℃未満である
(b)融解過程で前記氷から発生する水溶液の溶質濃度の変化率が30%以内である
(c)温度が前記動植物又はその部分の凍結点~前記凍結点+0.5℃である
(a)融解完了時の温度が0℃未満である
(b)融解過程で前記氷から発生する水溶液の溶質濃度の変化率が30%以内である
(c)温度が、前記動植物又はその部分の凍結点~前記凍結点+0.5℃である
(1)塩分濃度が13.6~23.1%である塩水を凍結させた氷と、塩分濃度が13.6~23.1%である塩水とを混合して氷スラリーを製造する工程
(2)前記氷スラリーに生鮮動植物又はその部分を浸漬し、該生鮮動植物又はその部分を瞬間凍結させる工程
(a)融解完了時の温度が-5℃未満である
(b)融解過程で氷から発生する水溶液の溶質濃度の変化率が30%以内である
(a)融解完了時の温度が-5℃未満である
(b)融解過程で前記氷から発生する水溶液の溶質濃度の変化率が30%以内である
本発明の氷は、以下の(a)及び(b)の条件を満たす、溶質を含有する水溶液を含む液体の氷である。
(a)融解完了時の温度が0℃未満である
(b)融解過程で前記氷から発生する水溶液の溶質濃度の変化率が30%以内である
上記(a)に関して、本発明の氷は、溶質を含む水溶液を含む液体の氷であるため、真水(溶質を含まない水)の凝固点より凝固点の温度が低下している。そのため、融解完了時の温度が0℃未満であるという特徴を有する。「融解完了時の温度」とは、本発明の氷を融点以上の環境下(例えば、室温、大気圧下)に置くことで氷の融解を開始させ、全ての氷が融解して水になった時点におけるその水の温度のことを指す。
上記(b)に関して、本発明の氷は、融解過程で氷から発生する水溶液の溶質濃度の変化率(以下、本明細書において「溶質濃度の変化率」と略称する場合がある。)が30%以内であるという特徴を有する。特許文献1に記載されたような方法においても、わずかに凝固点の低下した氷が生じる場合もあるが、そのほとんどは溶質を含まない水の氷と溶質の結晶との混合物であるため、冷却能が十分なものでない。このように溶質を含まない水の氷と溶質の結晶との混合物が多く含まれる場合、氷を融解条件下においた場合、融解に伴う溶質の溶出速度が不安定であり、融解開始時に近い時点である程、溶質が多く溶出し、融解が進むとともに溶質の溶出する量が少なくなり、融解が完了時に近い時点程、溶質の溶出量が少なくなる。これに対し、本発明の氷は、溶質を含む水溶液を含む液体の氷からなるものであるため、融解過程における溶質の溶出速度の変化が少ないという特徴を有する。具体的には、融解過程で氷から発生する水溶液の溶質濃度の変化率が30%である。なお、「融解過程で氷から発生する水溶液の溶質濃度の変化率」とは、融解過程の任意の時点での発生する水溶液における溶質濃度に対する、融解完了時における水溶液の濃度の割合を意味する。なお、「溶質濃度」とは、水溶液中の溶質の質量の濃度を意味する。
本発明の氷に含まれる溶質の種類は、水を溶媒としたときの溶質であれば特に限定されず、所望の凝固点、使用する氷の用途等に応じて、適宜選択することができる。溶質としては、固体状の溶質、液状の溶質等が挙げられるが、代表的な固体状の溶質としては、塩類(無機塩、有機塩等)が挙げられる。特に、塩類のうち、食塩(NaCl)は、凝固点の温度を過度に下げすぎず、生鮮動植物又はその一部の冷却に適してことから好ましい。また、食塩は海水に含まれるものであるため、調達が容易であるという点でも好ましい。また、液状の溶質としては、エチレングリコール等が挙げられる。なお、溶質は1種単独で含まれてもよく、2種以上含まれてもよい。
本発明は、上記の氷を含む冷媒を包含する。上記のとおり、本発明の氷は冷却能に優れるため、冷媒に好適である。
本発明は、溶質を含有する水溶液を含む液体の氷の製造方法であって、溶質を含有する水溶液を含む液体を、該水溶液の凝固点以下の温度に保持された壁面に対して噴霧することによって、壁面上に水溶液を含む液体の氷を生成する工程と、壁面上において生じた氷を回収する工程と、有する方法を包含する。かかる方法により、上記(a)及び(b)の条件を満たす本発明の氷を製造することができる。
本発明は、溶質を含有する水溶液を含む液体の氷の製造方法であって、溶質を含有する水溶液を含む液体を、該水溶液の凝固点以下の温度に保持された壁面に対して噴霧することによって、壁面上に水溶液を含む液体の氷を生成する工程と、壁面上において生じた氷を回収する工程を有する。
本発明は、上述の氷生成工程後に、壁面上において生じた氷を回収する工程を有する。
本発明の氷を製造するのに利用可能な製氷機、及び製氷システムの一態様について、図1、図2を参照しながら以下に説明する。なお、以下の製氷機の例は、溶質として食塩を用いたものである。
本発明は、冷却された被冷却物の製造方法であって、上述の冷媒を用いて被冷却物を冷却する工程を有する方法を包含する。
上述の製氷機10を用いて、溶質として食塩を23.1%含有する水溶液(飽和食塩水)の氷(以下、「実施例1に係る氷」という。)を製造した。この実施例1に係る氷は、(a)融解完了時の温度が0℃未満であった。また、融解過程での水溶液の食塩水の濃度が略一定であり、つまり(b)融解過程で氷から発生する水溶液の溶質濃度の変化率が30%以内であった。この実施例1に係る氷の温度について、外気温下において経時変化を測定した。また、実施例1に係る氷と同濃度の食塩水(図3中の「高濃度食塩水」)についても、同様に温度の経時変化を測定した。その結果を図3に示す。図3中、縦軸が温度(℃)、横軸が時間(分)である。
実施例1と同様に、上述の製氷機10を用いて、溶質として食塩を23.1%含有する水溶液(飽和食塩水)の氷(以下、「実施例2に係る氷(溶液:飽和食塩水)」という。)を製造した。また、実施例2に係る氷(溶液:飽和食塩水)に、銅を加えたものを準備し、これを実施例2に係る氷(溶液:飽和食塩水+CU)とした。さらに、凍らせていない飽和食塩水(-20℃水溶液)を準備した。
上述の製氷機10を用いて、23.1%含有する水溶液(飽和食塩水)の代わりに生乳を用いて、実施例1に係る氷と同様の方法で実施例3に係る生乳の氷を製造した。実施例3に係る氷を試食したところ、食べている間に分離しにくく固体状態を長持ちでき、おいしかったことが確認できた。また、同様の氷を食べずに放置して溶解させたところ、溶解して生じた生乳が分離していなかった。さらに、実施例3に係る生乳の氷を上述の製氷機10を用いて製造したときの分離状態を確認したところ、液体を噴霧した壁面から氷を回収した後においても壁面上に油が残っておらず、製造時においても分離していないことが確認できた。これらのことから、本発明の氷が分離しない状態とすることができることがわかった。
本発明は、動植物又はその部分の被冷蔵物の製造方法であって、以下の(a)~(c)の条件を満たす、溶質を含有する水溶液を含む液体の氷を用いて、動植物又はその部分を冷蔵する工程を有する方法である。
(a)融解完了時の温度が0℃未満である
(b)融解過程で前記氷から発生する水溶液の溶質濃度の変化率が30%以内である
(c)温度が動植物又はその部分の凍結点~凍結点+0.5℃である
上記(a)に関して、本発明の氷は、溶質を含む水溶液を含む液体の氷であるため、真水(溶質を含まない水)の凝固点より凝固点の温度が低下している。そのため、融解完了時の温度が0℃未満であるという特徴を有する。「融解完了時の温度」とは、本発明の氷を融点以上の環境下(例えば、室温、大気圧下)に置くことで氷の融解を開始させ、全ての氷が融解して水になった時点におけるその水の温度のことを指す。
上記(b)に関して、本発明の氷は、融解過程で氷から発生する水溶液の溶質濃度の変化率(以下、本明細書において「溶質濃度の変化率」と略称する場合がある。)が30%以内であるという特徴を有する。特許文献1に記載されたような方法においても、わずかに凝固点の低下した氷が生じる場合もあるが、そのほとんどは溶質を含まない水の氷と溶質の結晶との混合物であるため、冷蔵能が十分なものでない。このように溶質を含まない水の氷と溶質の結晶との混合物が多く含まれる場合、氷を融解条件下においた場合、融解に伴う溶質の溶出速度が不安定であり、融解開始時に近い時点である程、溶質が多く溶出し、融解が進むとともに溶質の溶出する量が少なくなり、融解が完了時に近い時点程、溶質の溶出量が少なくなる。これに対し、本発明の氷は、溶質を含む水溶液の氷からなるものであるため、融解過程における溶質の溶出速度の変化が少ないという特徴を有する。具体的には、融解過程で氷から発生する水溶液の溶質濃度の変化率が30%である。なお、「融解過程で氷から発生する水溶液の溶質濃度の変化率」とは、融解過程の任意の時点での発生する水溶液における溶質濃度に対する、融解完了時における水溶液の濃度の割合を意味する。なお、「溶質濃度」とは、水溶液中の溶質の質量の濃度を意味する。
上記の(c)に関して、本発明における氷は、温度が動植物又はその部分の凍結点~凍結点+0.5℃であることを特徴とする。かかる範囲を満たせば、氷の温度は限定されないが、凍結点の温度に近い程、低温に維持する効果が高い。このことから、本発明における氷は、凍結点+0.4℃以下であることが好ましく、凍結点+0.3℃以下であることがより好ましく、凍結点+0.2℃以下であることがさらに好ましく、凍結点+0.1℃以下であることがより一層好ましく、凍結点+0.05℃以下であることが特に好ましい。他方、氷の温度が高いほど、動植物又はその部分の凍結を防止する効果に優れる。このことから、氷の温度は、凍結点+0.01℃以上であることがより好ましく、凍結点+0.05℃以上であることがさらに好ましく、凍結点+0.1℃以上であることがより一層好ましく、凍結点+0.2℃以上であることがさらに一層好ましく、凍結点+0.3℃以上であることがなお好ましく、凍結点+0.4℃以上であることが特に好ましい。なお、動植物又はその部分の凍結点は、「動植物又はその部分」の全体の凍結点であってもよく、「動植物又はその部分」の少なくとも一部の凍結点であってもよい。
本発明の氷に含まれる溶質の種類は、水を溶媒としたときの溶質であれば特に限定されず、所望の凝固点、使用する氷の用途等に応じて、適宜選択することができる。溶質としては、固体状の溶質、液状の溶質等が挙げられるが、代表的な溶質としては、塩類(無機塩、有機塩等)が挙げられる。特に、塩類のうち、食塩(NaCl)は、凝固点の温度を過度に下げすぎず、生鮮動植物又はその一部の冷却に適してことから好ましい。また、食塩は海水に含まれるものであるため、調達が容易であるという点でも好ましい。また、液状の溶質としては、エチレングリコール等が挙げられる。なお、溶質は1種単独で含まれてもよく、2種以上含まれてもよい。
上記(a)、(b)及び(c)の条件を満たす上記の氷は、溶質を含有する水溶液を含む液体を、該水溶液の凝固点以下の温度に保持された壁面に対して噴霧することによって、壁面上に水溶液を含む液体の氷を生成する工程と、壁面上において生じた氷を回収する工程と、有する方法によって製造できる。以下にかかる方法について詳細に説明する。なお、上記(c)に関しては、上記(c)を満たすような凝固点の氷を下記方法により製造した後に、公知の温度調整手段によりその温度を調整すること(例えば、常温下に置く等)で満たすことができる。
氷生成工程は、溶質を含有する水溶液を含む液体の氷の製造方法であって、溶質を含有する水溶液を含む液体を、該水溶液の凝固点以下の温度に保持された壁面に対して噴霧することによって、壁面上に水溶液を含む液体の氷を生成する工程と、壁面上において生じた氷を回収する工程である。
回収工程は、上述の氷生成工程後に、壁面上において生じた氷を回収する工程である。
上記の製造方法で氷を製造するのに利用可能な製氷機、及び製氷システムの一態様について、図5、図6を参照しながら以下に説明する。なお、以下の製氷機の例は、溶質として食塩を用いたものである。
本発明は、以下の(a)~(c)の条件を満たす、溶質を含有する水溶液を含む液体の氷を含む、動植物又はその部分の冷蔵剤を包含する。
(a)融解完了時の温度が0℃未満である
(b)融解過程で前記氷から発生する水溶液の溶質濃度の変化率が30%以内である
(c)温度が、前記動植物又はその部分の凍結点~前記凍結点+0.5℃である
[実施例]
[符号の説明]
本発明における氷は、食塩を含有する水溶液(塩水)の氷を含む液体の製造方法であって、食塩を含有する水溶液を含む液体を、該水溶液の凝固点以下の温度に保持された壁面に対して噴霧することによって、壁面上に水溶液を含む液体の氷を生成する工程と、壁面上において生じた氷を回収する工程と、を有する方法によって製造することができる。
本発明は、食塩を含有する水溶液を含む液体の氷の製造方法であって、溶質を含有する水溶液を含む液体を、該水溶液の凝固点以下の温度に保持された壁面に対して噴霧することによって、壁面上に水溶液を含む液体の氷を生成する工程と、壁面上において生じた氷を回収する工程を有する。
本発明は、上述の氷生成工程後に、壁面上において生じた氷を回収する工程を有する。
本発明の一実施の形態に係る被冷凍生鮮動植物又はその部分の製造方法に使用する製氷機10の部分断面斜視図を図8に、製氷機10を含む製氷システムを図9に示す。なお、以下の製氷機の例は、溶質として食塩を用いたものである。製氷機10は、冷媒により内周面が冷却される竪型ドラム11を備え、ギヤードモータ20により回転する回転軸12が竪型ドラム11の中心軸上に配置されている。回転軸12には、回転軸12と共に回転し、竪型ドラム11の内周面に向けて塩水を噴射する噴射孔13aを先端部に有する複数のパイプ13と、竪型ドラム11の半径方向に延出し、回転軸12と共に回転するアーム14が取り付けられている。アーム14の先端部には、竪型ドラム11の内周面に生成した氷を掻き取るブレード15が装着されている。
本発明の一実施の形態に係る被冷凍生鮮動植物又はその部分の製造方法の手順を以下に示す。
(1)塩分濃度を13.6~23.1%とした塩水を用いて製氷機10により生成した氷と、塩分濃度が13.6~23.1%である塩水とを混合して氷スラリー(シャーベット状の氷)を製造する。製造した氷スラリーの温度は-9.8~-21.2℃であるが、低い温度であるほど、生鮮動植物又はその部分内で発生する氷の結晶を小さくすることができる。製造した氷と混合する塩水の温度は、常温もしくはそれを下回る温度とする。なお、塩水の温度が低いほど、製氷効率は高くなる。また、混合する氷の塩分濃度と塩水の塩分濃度は同程度(数%以内の濃度差)であることが好ましく、混合する氷と塩水の質量比は氷:塩水=75:25~20:80、好ましくは氷:塩水=60:40~50:50とする。
(3)瞬間凍結させた生鮮動植物又はその部分を氷スラリーから取り出す。そして、取り出した生鮮動植物又はその部分を瞬間凍結時の温度(-9.8~-21.2℃)以下で冷凍保存し、冷凍保存した状態で輸送する。
瞬間凍結させた生鮮動植物又はその部分の解凍を自然解凍で行う場合、生鮮動植物の種類によって解凍時間は異なるが、例えば1~2時間程度である。これにより、新鮮な海産物とほぼ同等の味及び食感を得ることができる。
本発明は、上述の方法で製造される被冷凍生鮮動植物又はその部分を解凍してなる被解凍物またはその加工物を包含する。
本発明は、以下の(a)及び(b)の条件を満たす、溶質を含有する水溶液を含む液体の氷を含む、生鮮動植物又はその部分の凍結剤を包含する。
(a)融解完了時の温度が-5℃未満である
(b)融解過程で前記氷から発生する水溶液の溶質濃度の変化率が30%以内である
[実施例]
塩分濃度が23.1%である塩水を準備し、上記の製氷機10によりこれを凍結させて氷を得た。該氷は、(a)融解完了時の温度が-5℃未満であった。また、融解過程での水溶液の食塩水の濃度が略一定であり、つまり(b)融解過程で氷から発生する水溶液の溶質濃度の変化率が30%以内であった。この氷を融解させることで塩分濃度が23.1%である塩水を得、この氷と塩分濃度が13.6~23.1%である塩水との氷スラリーを製造した。
実施例5と同様に、上述の製氷機10を用いて、溶質として食塩を23.1%含有する水溶液(飽和食塩水)の氷(以下、「実施例6に係る氷(溶液:飽和食塩水)」という。)を製造した。また、実施例6に係る氷(溶液:飽和食塩水)に、銅を加えたものを準備し、これを実施例6に係る氷(溶液:飽和食塩水+CU)とした。さらに、凍らせていない飽和食塩水(-20℃水溶液)を準備した。
[符号の説明]
Claims (33)
- 以下の(a)及び(b)の条件を満たす、溶質を含有する水溶液を含む液体の氷。
(a)融解完了時の温度が0℃未満である
(b)融解過程で前記氷から発生する水溶液の溶質濃度の変化率が30%以内である - 前記液体が、さらに油を含有する、請求項1に記載の氷。
- 前記溶質は、凝固点降下度の異なる2種以上の溶質を含む、請求項1又は2に記載の氷。
- 請求項1から3のいずれかに記載の氷を含む、冷媒。
- さらに、前記氷に含まれる溶質と同一の溶質を含有する水を含み、
前記氷における前記溶質の濃度と、前記水における前記溶質の濃度との比が、75:25~20:80である、請求項4に記載の冷媒。 - さらに、前記氷より高い熱伝導率を有する固体を含有する、請求項4又は5に記載の冷媒。
- 溶質を含有する水溶液を含む液体の氷の製造方法であって、
溶質を含有する水溶液を含む液体を、該水溶液の凝固点以下の温度に保持された壁面に対して噴霧することによって、前記壁面上に前記水溶液を含む液体の氷を生成する工程と、
前記壁面上において生じた前記氷を回収する工程と、を有し、
前記氷を回収する工程は、前記壁面上に前記氷を保持する時間を調整する工程を含む、方法。 - 前記氷を生成する工程において、前記壁面が前記水溶液の凝固点より5℃以上低い温度に保持される、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 冷却された被冷却物の製造方法であって、
請求項4から6のいずれかに記載の冷媒を用いて被冷却物を冷却する工程を有する、方法。 - 前記冷却する工程において、前記冷媒に含まれる氷と前記被冷却物との間に、前記氷より高い熱伝導率を有する固体が介在する、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 動植物又はその部分の被冷蔵物の製造方法であって、
以下の(a)~(c)の条件を満たす、溶質を含有する水溶液を含む液体の氷を用いて、前記動植物又はその部分を冷蔵する工程を有する方法。
(a)融解完了時の温度が0℃未満である
(b)融解過程で前記氷から発生する水溶液の溶質濃度の変化率が30%以内である
(c)温度が前記動植物又はその部分の凍結点~前記凍結点+0.5℃である - 前記水溶液は、動植物又はその部分と等張である請求項11記載の方法。
- 前記冷蔵は、前記動植物又はその部分と前記氷とを直接接触させて行う請求項11又は12記載の方法。
- 前記動植物は食用である請求項11から13いずれか記載の方法。
- 前記動植物は海水魚であり、前記水溶液のNaCl濃度は0%超2%未満である請求項14記載の方法。
- 前記動植物の部分は、動物の臓器である請求項11から13いずれか記載の方法。
- 前記氷は、海水、海水に塩を追加した水、又は海水の希釈水、の氷である請求項11から16いずれか記載の方法。
- 前記冷蔵する工程において、前記氷と前記動植物又はその部分との間に、前記氷より高い熱伝導率を有する固体が介在する、請求項11から17のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記溶質は、凝固点降下度の異なる2種以上の溶質を含む、請求項11から18のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 以下の(a)~(c)の条件を満たす、溶質を含有する水溶液を含む液体の氷を含む、動植物又はその部分の冷蔵剤。
(a)融解完了時の温度が0℃未満である
(b)融解過程で前記氷から発生する水溶液の溶質濃度の変化率が30%以内である
(c)温度が、前記動植物又はその部分の凍結点~前記凍結点+0.5℃である - さらに、前記氷より高い熱伝導率を有する固体を含有する、請求項20に記載の冷蔵剤。
- 前記溶質は、凝固点降下度の異なる2種以上の溶質を含む、請求項20又は21に記載の冷蔵剤。
- 塩分濃度が13.6~23.1%である塩水を凍結させた氷と、塩分濃度が13.6~23.1%である塩水とを混合して氷スラリーを製造する工程と、
前記氷スラリーに生鮮動植物又はその部分を浸漬し、該生鮮動植物又はその部分を瞬間凍結させる工程と、
を含む被冷凍生鮮動植物又はその部分の製造方法。 - 前記氷は、以下の(a)及び(b)の条件を満たす、溶質を含有する水溶液を含む液体の氷である請求項23記載の方法。
(a)融解完了時の温度が-5℃未満である
(b)融解過程で前記氷から発生する水溶液の溶質濃度の変化率が30%以内である - 前記溶質は、凝固点降下度の異なる2種以上の溶質を含む、請求項24記載の方法。
- 混合する前記氷と前記塩水の塩分濃度が同程度である請求項23~25いずれか記載の方法。
- 混合する前記氷と前記塩水の質量比が氷:塩水=75:25~20:80である請求項23~26いずれか記載の方法。
- 瞬間凍結させた前記生鮮動植物又はその部分を前記氷スラリーから取り出して、該生鮮動植物又はその部分を瞬間凍結時の温度以下で冷凍保存する請求項23~27いずれか記載の方法。
- 前記瞬間凍結させる工程において、前記氷と前記生鮮動植物又はその部分との間に、前記氷より高い熱伝導率を有する固体が介在する、請求項23~28のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 請求項23~29いずれか記載の方法で製造される被冷凍生鮮動植物又はその部分を解凍してなる被解凍物またはその加工物。
- 以下の(a)及び(b)の条件を満たす、溶質を含有する水溶液を含む液体の氷を含む、生鮮動植物又はその部分の凍結剤。
(a)融解完了時の温度が-5℃未満である
(b)融解過程で前記氷から発生する水溶液の溶質濃度の変化率が30%以内である - さらに、前記氷より高い熱伝導率を有する固体を含有する、請求項31に記載の凍結剤。
- 前記溶質は、凝固点降下度の異なる2種以上の溶質を含む、請求項31又は32に記載の凍結剤。
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KR20200011860A (ko) * | 2018-07-25 | 2020-02-04 | 제임스 천 고 | 염분을 함유한 미세얼음 제조 장치 |
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CN107975994B (zh) * | 2017-12-25 | 2023-10-31 | 中能绿色精灵(北京)科技有限公司 | 一种气体射流冰浆蓄冷装置及其蓄冷方法 |
JP7153302B2 (ja) * | 2018-02-22 | 2022-10-14 | ブランテックインターナショナル株式会社 | フレークアイス製造装置 |
JP7370555B2 (ja) * | 2018-05-28 | 2023-10-30 | ブランテックインターナショナル株式会社 | 氷スラリー製造装置及び冷凍システム |
JP7148112B2 (ja) * | 2018-05-28 | 2022-10-05 | ブランテックインターナショナル株式会社 | 冷凍装置及び冷凍システム |
CN109479949A (zh) * | 2018-11-22 | 2019-03-19 | 李爱芳 | 生鲜水产品保鲜方法及设备 |
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KR20200011860A (ko) * | 2018-07-25 | 2020-02-04 | 제임스 천 고 | 염분을 함유한 미세얼음 제조 장치 |
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CA3004245C (en) | 2022-03-15 |
CA3004245A1 (en) | 2017-05-26 |
WO2017086462A1 (ja) | 2017-05-26 |
WO2017086464A1 (ja) | 2017-05-26 |
TW202110330A (zh) | 2021-03-16 |
MY187613A (en) | 2021-10-04 |
WO2017086463A1 (ja) | 2017-05-26 |
TWI747517B (zh) | 2021-11-21 |
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