WO2017038320A1 - Li含有酸化珪素粉末及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
Li含有酸化珪素粉末及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017038320A1 WO2017038320A1 PCT/JP2016/071981 JP2016071981W WO2017038320A1 WO 2017038320 A1 WO2017038320 A1 WO 2017038320A1 JP 2016071981 W JP2016071981 W JP 2016071981W WO 2017038320 A1 WO2017038320 A1 WO 2017038320A1
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a silicon oxide powder suitably used for a negative electrode material of a lithium ion secondary battery and a method for producing the same, and more specifically to a Li-containing silicon oxide powder doped with lithium and a method for producing the same.
- silicon oxide powder has a large electric capacity and is an excellent negative electrode material for lithium ion secondary batteries.
- silicon oxide powder as a negative electrode material for lithium ion secondary batteries has a problem that initial efficiency is low, and lithium doping (Li doping) is known as a technique for solving this problem. That is, by performing Li doping on the silicon oxide powder, generation of a lithium compound that does not contribute to charging / discharging during initial charging is suppressed, and initial efficiency is improved.
- lithium silicate produces
- the phase of the lithium silicate changes with Li doping amount. Specifically, as the Li doping amount increases, the lithium silicate phase changes in order of Li 2 Si 2 O 5 , Li 2 SiO 3 , and Li 4 SiO 4 .
- the chemical formula here is as follows.
- Lithium silicate reacts with water in an amorphous state, but by crystallizing, Li 2 Si 2 O 5 does not react with water in particular, which is advantageous from the viewpoint of handleability. Therefore, in the Li-containing silicon oxide powder subjected to Li doping, it is preferable to hold lithium silicate in the form of crystallized Li 2 Si 2 O 5 as much as possible. Incidentally, Li 2 SiO 3 and Li 4 SiO 4 among lithium silicates react with water even when crystallized, and elution in the handling process becomes a problem.
- Si crystallization In the process of crystallization of lithium silicate in the Li-containing silicon oxide powder, Si crystallization also occurs. When Si crystallizes, the cycle characteristics as battery performance are adversely affected. Amorphous Si can be kept amorphous if heat is not applied. This is possible for example by electrochemical Li doping. However, with electrochemical Li doping, lithium silicate remains amorphous and it is difficult to obtain a powder.
- Li-containing silicon oxide powder as a negative electrode material for a lithium ion secondary battery, Li-containing oxidation in which lithium silicate, particularly Li 2 Si 2 O 5 crystallizes and Si is amorphous. Silicon powder is desired.
- Such a Li-containing silicon oxide powder is produced, for example, by a powder firing method in which silicon oxide powder is mixed with a powder lithium source and fired (Patent Documents 1 to 4).
- the silicon oxide powder here is produced by cooling and precipitating silicon monoxide gas generated by heating a mixture of silicon dioxide and silicon, and then finely crushing.
- the silicon oxide powder produced by such a precipitation method is advantageous in that it contains many amorphous portions, reduces the thermal expansion coefficient, and improves cycle characteristics.
- Li doping amount is further reduced, the production of lithium silicate itself is limited, so the meaning of Li doping is lost, and improvement in initial efficiency by Li doping cannot be expected.
- the Li doping amount becomes excessive (for example, when Li / O (atomic ratio) ⁇ 1), the lithium silicate phase is only Li 4 SiO 4 and Li 2 SiO 3 does not exist, but the activity is high. Too much usability.
- the applicant company keeps the heat treatment temperature low while keeping the amount of Li dope in the powder-fired Li dope low.
- a temperature at which disproportionation of silicon oxide should not occur for example, 700 ° C. or less
- the disproportionation of silicon oxide actually progresses and powder XRD measurement is performed. It has been confirmed that the peak due to crystalline Si becomes high, and as a result, there is a risk of deteriorating cycle characteristics.
- the surface of particles (powder particles) constituting silicon oxide is subjected to carbon coating treatment (C coating) to improve cycle characteristics.
- C coating is performed after Li doping
- Patent Document 4 Li doping is performed after C coating.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a Li-containing silicon oxide powder containing a crystallized lithium silicate, many of which are water-insoluble Li 2 Si 2 O 5 and having little crystalline Si, and a method for producing the same. There is.
- the present inventor has earnestly studied the cause of Li 2 SiO 3 generation even when the Li doping amount is suppressed to a level at which Li 2 SiO 3 is not generated in equilibrium in powder-fired Li dope. did. As a result, the following facts were found.
- Li 2 SiO 3 is generated even in Li doping amount where Li 2 SiO 3 should not be generated in equilibrium, which means that silicon oxide powder is formed in the firing process of silicon oxide powder and powdered lithium source. It is considered that the reaction in the particles (powder particles) does not proceed uniformly, and Li is locally concentrated on the surface or inside of the powder particles.
- the particle size of the powder lithium source is too large with respect to the particle size of the silicon oxide powder.
- the particle size of silicon oxide powder in Li dope is 5 to 10 ⁇ m in median diameter, while the particle size of powder lithium source is about 20 ⁇ m in median diameter. Therefore, in the Li doping process, as shown in FIG. 1A, the particles 2 of the powder lithium source locally contact the particles 1 of the silicon oxide powder, and the local reaction occurs at the contact point. It is considered that lithium is concentrated by causing the reaction temperature to rise.
- the powdered lithium source was finely pulverized before the mixed firing of the silicon oxide powder and the powdered lithium source.
- powder XRD measurement was performed on the Li-doped silicon oxide powder, the peak attributed to Li 2 SiO 3 was lowered, and the peak attributed to crystalline Si was lowered. From this result, when the particle size of the powder lithium source is made smaller than the particle size of the silicon oxide powder, in the Li doping step, as shown in FIG. Since the particles 2 of the silicon oxide layer are thinly covered, the reaction in the silicon oxide powder particles 1 is made uniform, and the local reaction is suppressed, thereby suppressing the phenomenon of local concentration of lithium. It is done.
- the Li-containing silicon oxide powder of the present invention is based on such knowledge, and is a Li-containing silicon oxide powder used for a negative electrode material of a lithium ion secondary battery and subjected to Li doping, using CuK ⁇ rays.
- the peak height P2 due to Li 2 SiO 3 appearing in the range of 2 ° and the peak height P3 due to crystalline Si appearing in the range of diffraction angle 2 ⁇ of 27.4 to 29.4 ° are as follows: The above condition (1) is satisfied.
- the method for producing a Li-containing silicon oxide powder of the present invention is a method for producing a Li-containing silicon oxide powder used for a negative electrode material of a lithium ion secondary battery, wherein the composition formula SiO x (0.5 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.5), a mixing step of mixing the lower silicon oxide powder and the powdered lithium source, and a baking step of baking the mixed powder at 300 ° C. or higher and 800 ° C. or lower,
- the median diameter D1 and the median diameter D2 of the powder lithium source satisfy the following condition (2).
- Condition (2) 0.05 ⁇ D2 / D1 ⁇ 2
- the peak height P1 due to Li 2 Si 2 O 5 is obtained by subtracting the background intensity from the peak intensity, and the peak intensity has a diffraction angle 2 ⁇ of 24.
- the peak height P2 due to Li 2 SiO 3 appearing in the diffraction angle 2 ⁇ in the range of 18.6 to 19.2 ° is obtained by subtracting the background intensity from the peak intensity.
- the diffraction intensity 2 ⁇ is the maximum value of the diffraction intensity in the range of 18.6 to 19.2 °.
- the peak height P3 due to crystalline Si appearing in the diffraction angle 2 ⁇ in the range of 27.4 to 29.4 ° is obtained by subtracting the background intensity from the peak intensity.
- the maximum value of the diffraction intensity when the diffraction angle 2 ⁇ is in the range of 27.4 to 29.4 °.
- the data obtained by the X-ray diffraction measurement using the CuK ⁇ ray and the data at the diffraction angle interval of 0.02 ° are moved with the specified data number being 11. What was converted into an average approximate curve can be used. By using the moving average approximation curve, errors due to fluctuations in diffraction intensity are reduced.
- the heights P1, P2 and P3 of these peaks satisfy the condition (1), that is, P2 / P1 ⁇ 1 and P3 / P1 ⁇ 0.5,
- the object is achieved. That is, when P2 / P1 is 1 or more, a large amount of Li 2 SiO 3 is generated in the Li dope, the pH is increased due to elution of lithium in the slurrying process, the binder characteristics are deteriorated, and the initial A decrease in efficiency becomes a problem.
- P3 / P1 When P3 / P1 is 0.5 or more, a large amount of crystalline Si is generated in the Li doping step, and deterioration of cycle characteristics due to the generation becomes a problem.
- the Li doping amount (Li content) in the Li-containing silicon oxide powder of the present invention is 0.2 ⁇ Li / O ⁇ 0 in terms of element ratio in order to optimize the amount of Li 2 Si 2 O 5 in lithium silicate. .6 is preferred.
- Li / O ⁇ 0.2 the lithium silicate itself is insufficient.
- Li 2 Si 2 O 5 is also insufficient when Li / O> 0.6. That is, when Li / O> 0.67, Li 2 Si 2 O 5 is not generated even in terms of equilibrium, and even if Li / O ⁇ 0.67, local reaction is likely to occur if there is a large amount of Li. When it is assembled, it will react with the binder and sufficient battery performance will not be obtained.
- the particle size of the powder is preferably 0.5 to 30 ⁇ m in terms of median diameter.
- Median diameter is D 50, a particle size of cumulative 50% cumulative particle size distribution fine side of (or coarse side) of the volume-based, can be measured by a laser diffraction particle size distribution measuring apparatus.
- the median diameter is 0.5 to 30 ⁇ m, the dispersibility of the powder is good, and when used as a negative electrode of a lithium ion secondary battery, a viscosity suitable for coating can be imparted to the slurry when it is slurried.
- a particularly desirable median diameter is 0.5 to 15 ⁇ m.
- a conductive carbon film is formed on at least a part of particles (that is, powder particles) constituting the powder. Due to the formation of the conductive carbon film, the electrical conductivity between the powder particles constituting the negative electrode and the electrical conductivity between the negative electrode and the current collector as the base are improved, and the cycle characteristics of the lithium secondary battery are improved. Improvement is possible.
- the formation of the conductive carbon film here is called C coat.
- the amount of the conductive carbon film formed on the particles constituting the Li-containing silicon oxide powder is preferably 0.5 to 20 wt% in terms of the weight ratio of carbon to the total mass of the silicon oxide powder. If the amount formed is less than 0.5 wt%, the meaning of forming a conductive carbon film on the powder particles becomes thin. Conversely, if the amount formed exceeds 20 wt%, the ratio of the silicon oxide powder to the whole active material is reduced. The effect of increasing the capacity by using silicon oxide powder is reduced.
- a particularly preferable formation amount is 0.5 to 7 wt%. More preferably, it is 0.5 to 5 wt%.
- the silicon oxide powder (that is, the raw silicon oxide powder) used in the mixing step is represented by the composition formula SiO x (0.5 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.5).
- SiO x 0.5 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.5
- the lower silicon oxide powder causes deterioration of the cycle characteristics of the lithium ion secondary battery.
- x ⁇ 1.5 the initial efficiency decreases and This is because the capacity is reduced.
- Particularly desirable is 0.7 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.3.
- lithium hydride, lithium oxide, lithium hydroxide, lithium carbonate, and the like can be raised. It is desirable because there is little decrease in capacity.
- the firing step after the mixing step the production of water-insoluble Li 2 Si 2 O 5 is promoted to produce water-soluble Li 2 SiO 3 .
- the element ratio of O in the lower silicon oxide powder and Li in the powder lithium source is 0.2 ⁇ Li / O ⁇ 0.6 is preferred. That is, when Li / O> 0.67, Li 2 Si 2 O 5 is not generated even in terms of equilibrium, and even if Li / O ⁇ 0.67, local reaction is likely to occur if there is a large amount of Li. This is because sufficient battery performance cannot be obtained due to reaction with the binder.
- the ratio of the median diameter D1 of the lower silicon oxide powder, which is the raw silicon oxide powder, to the median diameter D2 of the powdered lithium source mixed therewith is 0.05 or more and 2 or less. This is because the median diameter of the silicon oxide powder used as the negative electrode material of the lithium ion secondary battery is often 0.5 ⁇ m or more and 30 ⁇ m or less, so the powder lithium source becomes too small at D2 / D1 ⁇ 0.05. In the case of D2 / D1> 2, on the contrary, the powder lithium source is too large for the silicon oxide powder, so that the local concentration of lithium during the reaction is not obtained.
- preferred D2 / D1 is 0.05 or more and 1 or less, and particularly preferred D2 / D1 is 0.05 or more and 0.5 or less. As described above, by suppressing lithium concentration during the reaction of the silicon oxide powder, the generation of Li 2 SiO 3 is suppressed and the generation of crystalline Si is also suppressed.
- the median diameter ratio D2 / D1 of the raw material silicon oxide powder and the powdered lithium source mixed therein to 0.05 or more and 2 or less, or before mixing the powdered lithium source with the silicon oxide powder, or the silicon oxide powder And then pulverized.
- a pulverization method there are a method in which a powdered lithium source is pulverized by hand in a mortar and then passed through a sieve having a small opening, or a method using a ball mill or bead mill.
- the powder lithium source can be selectively pulverized by pulverization after mixing the silicon oxide powder and the powder lithium source. Further, since mixing can be performed at the same time, productivity can be improved.
- the firing temperature in the firing step is set to 300 ° C. or more and 800 ° C. or less. If the firing temperature is too high, crystalline Si is precipitated due to disproportionation of silicon oxide, and the cycle characteristics are deteriorated. If it is too low, the Li-doping reaction will not proceed easily, resulting in problems such as insufficient generation of lithium silicate or excessively long reaction time.
- a preferable firing temperature is not less than 300 ° C and not more than 700 ° C.
- a particularly preferable firing temperature is 400 ° C. or higher and 700 ° C. or lower. More preferably, it is 500 degreeC or more and 650 degrees C or less.
- the firing atmosphere is preferably an inert gas atmosphere, particularly an argon gas atmosphere.
- a carbon coating treatment for forming a conductive carbon film on the silicon oxide powder to be subjected to the mixing step.
- a known heat treatment such as a thermal CVD method using a hydrocarbon gas can be used.
- a conductive carbon film is formed on at least a part of the particles constituting the silicon oxide powder (that is, the powder particles), and thereby the electrical conductivity between the powder particles constituting the negative electrode, and the negative electrode and its base Therefore, the electrical conductivity between the current collector and the current collector is improved, and the cycle characteristics of the lithium secondary battery can be improved.
- the C coating is performed on the silicon oxide powder to be subjected to the mixing step (that is, the C coating is performed on the silicon oxide powder before the Li doping), and thus the disproportionation temperature is lowered by the Li doping. Can be avoided. That is, the C coating temperature is often higher than the Li doping temperature. In addition, the disproportionation temperature tends to decrease due to Li doping. For this reason, when C coating is performed after Li doping, there is a great concern that disproportionation will proceed in the C coating. However, if C coating is performed before Li doping, this concern is removed, and the crystallinity due to disproportionation occurs. Generation of Si is suppressed.
- the carbon film formed on the particles constituting the silicon oxide powder in Li doping intervenes between the particles and the particles constituting the particulate lithium source. Since it becomes a buffer layer (buffer), a phenomenon in which lithium is locally concentrated is suppressed, and it can also be expected that generation of Li 2 SiO 3 and crystalline Si is suppressed.
- the method for producing the Li-containing silicon oxide powder of the present invention is not limited to the powder firing method in which the silicon oxide powder described above is mixed with a powder lithium source and fired.
- a thermal Li doping method with heating other than this is also possible, and a method other than the thermal Li doping method is also possible.
- the Li-containing silicon oxide powder of the present invention contains crystallized lithium silicate, the main component is water-insoluble Li 2 Si 2 O 5 and the amount of water-soluble Li 2 SiO 3 is small. In this step, it is possible to suppress an increase in pH due to elution of lithium, a deterioration in binder characteristics and a decrease in initial efficiency due to this. Moreover, since there is little crystalline Si, the fall of the cycling characteristics by this can be suppressed.
- the method for producing Li-containing silicon oxide powder of the present invention includes crystallized lithium silicate, but the main component is water-insoluble Li 2 Si 2 O 5 , and the amount of water-soluble Li 2 SiO 3 is small. Since Li-containing silicon oxide powder can be produced, it is effective in suppressing an increase in pH due to elution of lithium in the slurrying process, a deterioration in binder characteristics and a decrease in initial efficiency due to this. Moreover, since the production amount of crystalline Si in the produced silicon oxide powder can be suppressed, it is effective for suppressing a decrease in cycle characteristics due to the production.
- FIG. 3 is an X-ray diffraction chart of Li-containing silicon oxide powder of the present invention. It is an X-ray diffraction chart of conventional Li-containing silicon oxide powder. It is an X-ray diffraction chart of silicon oxide powder before Li doping.
- a raw material silicon oxide powder to be provided for the production method and a powder lithium source to be mixed therewith are prepared.
- the particle diameter of the silicon oxide powder is 0.5 to 30 ⁇ m in terms of median diameter.
- the lithium powder source is lithium hydride (LiH), lithium oxide (Li 2 O), lithium hydroxide (LiOH), lithium carbonate (Li 2 CO 3 ), or the like.
- lithium hydride (LiH) is used.
- the C coating for carbon film formation is applied to the raw material silicon oxide powder.
- the C coating is performed by a thermal CVD method using a hydrocarbon gas, for example, at 850 ° C. in a mixed gas atmosphere of propane and argon.
- the C coating amount is 0.5 to 20 wt% in terms of the weight ratio of carbon to the total mass of the silicon oxide powder.
- the powder lithium source is pulverized. This pulverization is performed using, for example, a mortar, and the particle size after pulverization is adjusted so that the median diameter ratio (D2 / D1) to the silicon oxide powder is 0.05 to 2, preferably 0.05 to 1. .
- the mixing ratio is 0.2 to 0.6 in terms of Li / O molar ratio so that the production of Li 2 Si 2 O 5 is promoted in an equilibrium manner while the production of Li 2 SiO 3 is suppressed. To do.
- a mixed powder of silicon oxide powder and powdered lithium source is fired in an inert gas atmosphere.
- the firing temperature is in the range of 300 to 800 ° C., more specifically, a temperature range in which disproportionation of the silicon oxide powder does not occur.
- the silicon oxide powder is Li-doped to become a Li-containing silicon oxide powder.
- the mixing ratio of the powdered lithium source to the silicon oxide powder is balanced to a low level where the formation of Li 2 SiO 3 is suppressed in equilibrium, and the powdered lithium source is finely crushed so that the median diameter of both powders is reduced.
- the ratio (D2 / D1) is limited to 0.05 or more and 2 or less, particularly 0.05 or more and 1 or less, local reaction in the particles constituting the silicon oxide powder, resulting in lithium concentration. Therefore, the lithium silicate phase of the Li-containing silicon oxide is mainly composed of Li 2 Si 2 O 5 . At the same time, the formation of crystalline Si in Li-containing silicon oxide is also suppressed.
- Li 2 Si 2 appears with a diffraction angle 2 ⁇ in the range of 24.4 to 25.0 °.
- the peak height P1 due to O 5 the peak height P2 due to Li 2 SiO 3 appearing in the range of the diffraction angle 2 ⁇ of 18.6 to 19.2 °, and the diffraction angle 2 ⁇ of 27.4 to 29
- the height P3 of the peak due to the crystalline Si appearing in the range of .4 ° satisfies P2 / P1 ⁇ 1 and P3 / P1 ⁇ 0.5.
- Li-containing silicon oxide powder is used as a negative electrode material for a lithium ion secondary battery.
- Li-containing silicon oxide powder is mixed with a water-based binder to form a slurry, which is applied onto a current collector made of copper foil or the like and dried to obtain a thin film working electrode.
- Lithium silicate phase in Li-containing silicon oxide powder is mainly composed of water-insoluble Li 2 Si 2 O 5 and contains almost no water-soluble Li 2 SiO 3 , so there is no elution of lithium from silicon oxide and battery performance The initial efficiency is improved as expected. Moreover, a situation where crystalline Si is generated in silicon oxide is avoided, and deterioration of cycle characteristics as battery performance is prevented.
- Example 1 As silicon oxide powder that is a raw material for producing Li-containing silicon oxide powder, amorphous SiO powder produced by a precipitation method was prepared. The median diameter of this raw material SiO powder was 8.0 ⁇ m.
- a carbonized gas in which argon and propane are mixed at a weight ratio of 1: 1 is supplied into a furnace at a flow rate of 1 liter per minute, The SiO powder was heat-treated at 850 ° C. for 30 minutes.
- LiH powder was selected as the powder lithium source to be mixed with the raw material SiO. Its original median diameter is 20.8 ⁇ m, which is considerably larger than the median diameter of the SiO powder after C coating. Therefore, this LiH powder was pulverized using a mortar in a glove box under an argon atmosphere, and classified by a test sieve having an opening of 16 ⁇ m.
- Dry particle size distribution measurement was performed on the finely pulverized LiH powder using a laser diffraction particle size distribution measuring device HELOS manufactured by Sympatec.
- the median diameter D2 of the finely ground LiH powder is 5.1 ⁇ m smaller than the median diameter D1 (8.2 ⁇ m) of the SiO powder after C coating, and the median diameter ratio D2 / D1 is 0.62.
- the negative electrode of the lithium ion secondary battery was produced using SiO powder which received C coat and Li dope. Specifically, SiO powder, ketjen black, and a polyimide precursor that is a non-aqueous solvent binder are mixed at a mass ratio of 85: 5: 10, and NMP (n-methylpyrrolidone) is further added and kneaded. The slurry prepared in (1) was applied onto a copper foil having a thickness of 40 ⁇ m and pre-dried at 80 ° C. for 15 minutes. Further, after punching out to a diameter of 11 mm, an imidization treatment was performed to obtain a negative electrode.
- a lithium ion secondary battery was produced using the produced negative electrode.
- Lithium foil was used for the counter electrode.
- As the electrolyte a solution obtained by dissolving LiPF 6 (phosphoryllium hexafluoride) at a ratio of 1 mol / L in a solution in which ethylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate were mixed at a volume ratio of 1: 1 was used. And the coin cell was produced using the 30-micrometer-thick polyethylene porous film for a separator.
- LiPF 6 phosphoryllium hexafluoride
- the charging / discharging test was done with respect to the produced lithium ion secondary battery using the secondary battery charging / discharging test apparatus (made by Nagano Co., Ltd.).
- the charge / discharge conditions are as shown in Table 1.
- initial efficiency the ratio of the initial discharge capacity to the initial charge capacity
- discharge after 50 cycles the ratio of the 50th discharge capacity to the initial discharge capacity
- Example 2 In Example 1, a raw material SiO powder having a median diameter of 5.6 ⁇ m smaller than that in Example 1 was used. Along with this, the heat treatment time for C coating was shortened from 30 minutes to 27 minutes. The amount of C coating in the SiO powder after C coating is 0.94 wt%, the median diameter D1 is 5.8 ⁇ m, and the median diameter ratio D2 / D1 is 0.88. The rest is the same as in Example 1.
- Example 3 In Example 1, during the Li doping, the mixing ratio (Li / O molar ratio) of the SiO powder after C coating and the LiH powder after pulverization was set to 0.2. Other than this, the second embodiment is the same as the first embodiment.
- Example 4 In Example 2, at the time of Li doping, the mixing ratio (Li / O molar ratio) of the SiO powder after C coating and the LiH powder after pulverization was set to 0.2. Other than this, the second embodiment is the same as the second embodiment.
- Example 2 LiH powder having a median diameter of 20.8 ⁇ m that was not finely pulverized was used as the Li dope of the SiO powder (median diameter 8.2 ⁇ m) after C coating.
- the median diameter ratio D2 / D1 is 2.54. The rest is the same as the second embodiment.
- Example 2 LiH powder having a median diameter of 20.8 ⁇ m that was not finely pulverized was used as the Li dope of the C-coated SiO powder (median diameter of 8.2 ⁇ m). The rest is the same as in Example 4.
- an X-ray diffraction chart of the Li-containing SiO powder produced in Example 2 is shown in FIG. 2
- an X-ray diffraction chart of the Li-containing SiO powder produced in Comparative Example 1 is shown in FIG.
- an X-ray diffraction chart of the SiO powder before Li doping is shown in FIG.
- FIG. 4 is an X-ray diffraction chart of the SiO powder before Li doping and before C coating, and it has been confirmed that no crystal peak occurs after C coating when the current C coating temperature is 850 ° C. .
- Li doping is performed on this SiO powder after C-coating, in Comparative Examples 1 and 2, it is caused by Li 2 Si 2 O 5 even though the Li doping temperature is as low as 600 ° C. as can be seen from FIG.
- a peak due to Li 2 SiO 3 and a peak due to crystalline Si appear remarkably.
- Examples 1 to 4 as can be seen from FIG. 2, when SiO powder is C-coated and then Li-doped, a high peak appears due to Li 2 Si 2 O 5 , but Li 2 SiO 2 The peak due to 3 and the peak due to crystalline Si are kept low. This is because, prior to Li doping, LiH powder, which is a Li-doped raw material, is finely pulverized, and the median diameter ratio D2 / D1 with respect to the SiO powder is suppressed to a small level. This is because the formation of Li 2 SiO 3 was suppressed while the generation of crystalline Si was suppressed at the same time.
- Example 1 and Example 3 When comparing Example 1 and Example 3, Example 2 and Example 4, the former has a larger P2 / P1 than the latter, and the initial efficiency is higher. This is because the Li doping amount (Li / O) in Li doping is large. Moreover, when Example 1 and Example 2, Example 3 and Example 4 are compared, respectively, P2 / P1 is larger in the latter than the former. This is considered to be due to the large median diameter ratio D2 / D1 of the LiH powder to the SiO powder.
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Abstract
Description
条件(1) P2/P1<1 且つP3/P1<0.5
条件(2) 0.05≦D2/D1≦2
Li含有酸化珪素粉末の製造原料である酸化珪素粉末として、析出法で製造された非晶質のSiO粉末を準備した。この原料SiO粉末のメディアン径は8.0μmであった。この原料SiO粉末に対して、Cコートのための熱処理として、アルゴンとプロパンを1:1の重量比で混合した炭化ガスを炉中に毎分1リットルの流量で供給し、その炉中で前記SiO粉末を850℃で30分間熱処理した。
実施例1において、原料SiO粉末として、メディアン径が実施例1のときより小さい5.6μmのものを用いた。これに伴い、Cコートのための熱処理時間を30分から27分に短縮した。Cコート後のSiO粉末におけるCコート量は0.94wt%であり、メディアン径D1は5.8μm、メディアン径比D2/D1は0.88である。これら以外は実施例1と同じである。
実施例1において、Liドープの際に、Cコート後のSiO粉末と微粉砕後のLiH粉末との混合比(Li/Oモル比)を0.2とした。これ以外は、実施例1と同じである。
実施例2において、Liドープの際に、Cコート後のSiO粉末と微粉砕後のLiH粉末との混合比(Li/Oモル比)を0.2とした。これ以外は、実施例2と同じである。
実施例2において、Cコート後のSiO粉末(メディアン径8.2μm)のLiドープに、微粉砕しないメディアン径が20.8μmのLiH粉末を用いた。メディアン径比D2/D1は2.54である。これ以外は実施例2と同じである。
実施例4において、Cコート後のSiO粉末(メディアン径8.2μm)のLiドープに、微粉砕しないメディアン径が20.8μmのLiH粉末を用いた。これ以外は実施例4と同じである。
Claims (9)
- リチウムイオン二次電池の負極材に使用され且つLiドープを受けたLi含有酸化珪素粉末であって、CuKα線を用いたX線回折測定を行ったときの、回折角2θが24.4~25.0°の範囲に表れるLi2Si2O5に起因するピークの高さP1、回折角2θが18.6~19.2°の範囲に表れるLi2SiO3に起因するピークの高さP2、及び回折角2θが27.4~29.4°の範囲に表れる結晶性Siに起因するピークの高さP3が次の条件(1)を満足するLi含有酸化珪素粉末。
条件(1) P2/P1<1 且つP3/P1<0.5 - 請求項1に記載のLi含有酸化珪素粉末において、当該粉末におけるLi含有量が元素比で0.2≦Li/O≦0.6であるLi含有酸化珪素粉末。
- 請求項1又は2に記載のLi含有酸化珪素粉末において、当該粉末を構成する粒子の粒径がメディアン径で0.5~30μmであるLi含有酸化珪素粉末。
- 請求項1~3の何れかに記載のLi含有酸化珪素粉末において、当該粉末を構成する粒子の少なくとも一部に、導電性炭素皮膜が形成されたLi含有酸化珪素粉末。
- 請求項4に記載のLi含有酸化珪素粉末において、導電性炭素皮膜の形成量は、酸化珪素粉末全体の質量に対する炭素の重量比率で表して0.5~20wt%であるLi含有酸化珪素粉末。
- リチウムイオン二次電池の負極材に使用されるLi含有酸化珪素粉末の製造方法であって、組成式SiOx(0.5<x<1.5)で表される低級酸化珪素粉末と粉末リチウム源とを混合する混合工程と、その混合粉末を300℃以上800℃以下で焼成する焼成工程とを含み、且つ前記低級酸化珪素粉末のメディアン径D1、及び粉末リチウム源のメディアン径D2が次の条件(2)を満足するLi含有酸化珪素粉末の製造方法。
条件(2) 0.05≦D2/D1≦2 - 請求項6に記載のLi含有酸化珪素粉末の製造方法において、低級酸化珪素粉末と混合される粉末リチウム源を粉砕することにより、前記条件(2)を満足させるLi含有酸化珪素粉末の製造方法。
- 請求項6又は7に記載のLi含有酸化珪素粉末の製造方法において、前記混合工程での低級酸化珪素粉末と粉末リチウム源との混合比が、低級酸化珪素粉末中のOと粉末リチウム源中のLiとの元素比で0.2≦Li/O≦0.6であるLi含有酸化珪素粉末の製造方法。
- 請求項6~8の何れかに記載のLi含有酸化珪素粉末の製造方法において、前記混合工程に供する酸化珪素粉末に対して、導電性炭素皮膜形成のためのカーボン被覆処理を行うLi含有酸化珪素粉末の製造方法。
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EP3343678A4 (en) | 2019-01-09 |
US10427943B2 (en) | 2019-10-01 |
KR102017470B1 (ko) | 2019-09-04 |
CN107851789A (zh) | 2018-03-27 |
KR20180024004A (ko) | 2018-03-07 |
US10875775B2 (en) | 2020-12-29 |
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