WO2017002750A1 - 電力変換装置およびモータ駆動装置 - Google Patents
電力変換装置およびモータ駆動装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017002750A1 WO2017002750A1 PCT/JP2016/068979 JP2016068979W WO2017002750A1 WO 2017002750 A1 WO2017002750 A1 WO 2017002750A1 JP 2016068979 W JP2016068979 W JP 2016068979W WO 2017002750 A1 WO2017002750 A1 WO 2017002750A1
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- magnetic flux
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- main circuit
- circuit wiring
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P6/00—Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
- H02P6/28—Arrangements for controlling current
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D5/00—Power-assisted or power-driven steering
- B62D5/04—Power-assisted or power-driven steering electrical, e.g. using an electric servo-motor connected to, or forming part of, the steering gear
- B62D5/0457—Power-assisted or power-driven steering electrical, e.g. using an electric servo-motor connected to, or forming part of, the steering gear characterised by control features of the drive means as such
- B62D5/046—Controlling the motor
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/12—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
- G01D5/244—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing characteristics of pulses or pulse trains; generating pulses or pulse trains
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P6/00—Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
- H02P6/14—Electronic commutators
- H02P6/16—Circuit arrangements for detecting position
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D5/00—Power-assisted or power-driven steering
- B62D5/04—Power-assisted or power-driven steering electrical, e.g. using an electric servo-motor connected to, or forming part of, the steering gear
- B62D5/0409—Electric motor acting on the steering column
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
- H02M7/5387—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
- H02M7/53871—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a motor drive device, and more particularly to a power conversion device that detects a position of a motor rotor using a sensor magnet attached to a rotor of a motor and a magnetic sensor installed in proximity to the sensor magnet.
- the present invention relates to a rotor position detection method in a mounting structure in which a main circuit wiring of a device or a motor is arranged in the vicinity of a magnetic sensor.
- Patent Document 1 As a system using a magnetic sensor.
- the said rotation angle measuring device is a magnetic flux generator.
- the magnetic sensor output is an original angle signal set corresponding to the magnetic field direction, and the detection unit outputs a correction function using the rotation speed of the rotating body as an argument.
- the rotation angle measuring device outputs a correction angle in which the influence of a nonmagnetic conductor arranged in the vicinity of the magnetic sensor is corrected using a correction value to be corrected.
- Patent Document 2 is an example of a high-density motor driving device.
- a stator around which a plurality of windings are wound a rotor that is rotatably provided radially inward of the stator, a shaft that is provided coaxially with the rotor and rotates together with the rotor, and the shaft
- the rotation angle of the rotor is detected by detecting the magnetism generated by the magnet provided at one end of the magnet and rotating in the axial direction of the shaft so as to face the magnet.
- a magnetic sensor that controls the electric power supplied to the winding based on the rotation angle of the rotor detected by the magnetic sensor, and a virtual circle centered on the axis of the shaft and parallel to the axis
- the current supplied to the winding is provided to connect the control device and each of the plurality of windings.
- a first conducting wire and a second conducting wire that flow, and currents flowing through the first conducting wire and the second conducting wire have the same magnitude and direction at an arbitrary point in time, and the virtual circle
- the intersections of the first conductor and the second conductor are p1 and p2
- the central angle of the arc p1p2 of the virtual circle is ⁇ (°)
- Patent Document 1 is a technique for reducing the influence of the eddy current generated in the metal disposed in the vicinity of the magnet on the magnetic sensor by rotating the position detection magnet at high speed.
- a non-magnetic material placed near the position sensor for example, a main circuit wiring made of copper or the like is arranged, and when a current flows through the main circuit wiring, the magnetic flux generated based on Bio-Savart's law The effect on the sensor cannot be reduced.
- the motor windings connected to the six motor wirings are arranged in the same casing. Further, in the system for detecting the position of the rotor with a magnetic sensor, the two motor wires having the same phase are opposed to each other by 180 ° around the magnetic sensor. With this arrangement, the magnetic flux vector generated when a current flows through one motor wiring and the magnetic flux vector generated when a current of the same magnitude and direction flows through the other motor wiring are detected by the magnetic sensor. It is possible to cancel out each other at a point and reduce the influence of magnetic flux generated when a current flows through the main circuit wiring.
- Patent Document 2 when one inverter fails and the operation continues with only the other inverter, the magnetic flux generated from the other motor wiring cannot be canceled at the detection point of the magnetic sensor. There is a problem that position detection accuracy deteriorates and motor control becomes unstable.
- the main circuit wiring is arranged in the vicinity of the magnetic sensor in order to detect the position information of the rotor with the sensor magnet attached to the rotor of the motor and the magnetic sensor arranged in the motor drive device, and to realize high-density mounting.
- magnetic flux generated when a current flows through the main circuit wiring becomes a disturbance of the magnetic sensor, and it is difficult to obtain accurate rotor position information.
- a power conversion device is a motor drive device that controls the operation of a power conversion device that outputs a current to a motor based on a desired torque command value, and the switching elements that constitute the power conversion device are electrically connected.
- a main circuit wiring for transmitting a direct current or an alternating current, a magnetic sensor for detecting a magnetic flux change of a sensor magnet attached to the rotor of the motor, and a rotor of the rotor detected by the magnetic sensor.
- a control unit that calculates a current command value output from the power converter to the motor based on position information, and the control unit detects or calculates a magnetic flux component generated by a current flowing through the main circuit wiring. And a magnetic flux error correction unit.
- the influence of disturbance magnetic flux generated when a current flows through the main circuit wiring arranged near the magnetic sensor on the position detection of the magnetic sensor can be reduced. Realize. In addition, it is possible to detect the rotor position of the motor with high accuracy and to realize good motor control. Furthermore, by applying the present invention to a system that drives one motor with two three-phase bridge circuits, even if one of the three-phase bridge circuits fails, the operation of the other three-phase bridge circuit can be continued. The motor can be continuously driven well.
- FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of a motor driving device in Embodiment 1.
- FIG. It is an example of the structure figure of the magnetic sensor periphery in a conventional structure. It is a figure regarding the magnetic flux vector of the magnetic sensor part in Example 1.
- 1 is an example of a structure diagram around a magnetic sensor in Example 1.
- FIG. FIG. 6 is a configuration diagram of a control unit in Embodiment 2. It is explanatory drawing of the voltage vector in Example 4.
- FIG. 10 is an example of a motor current in Example 4. It is an example of the electric current and disturbance magnetic flux in Example 4.
- FIG. 9 shows a three-phase bridge circuit and a current direction in Example 4.
- FIG. It is a sensor magnet magnetic flux vector and disturbance magnetic flux vector in Example 5.
- FIG. 10 is a circuit diagram of a motor driving device in Embodiment 6.
- FIG. 10 is a system diagram of an electric power steering device according to a seventh embodiment.
- FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram showing an overall configuration of a motor drive device 10 according to a first embodiment.
- the power converter 300 that converts the power of the DC power source 400 from DC to AC is connected to a motor 200 that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy and drives it.
- the power conversion device 300 and the motor 200 constitute the drive device 10.
- the motor 200 is composed of, for example, a three-phase motor, and a sensor magnet 202 for detecting the position of the rotor 201 is attached to the tip of the rotor 201.
- the power conversion device 300 includes six semiconductor elements that constitute a three-phase bridge circuit 301 for converting electric power from direct current to three-phase alternating current.
- the semiconductor element include power semiconductor elements such as a MOSFET (metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor) and an IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor).
- one or more smoothing capacitors for smoothing the power supply voltage are provided between the positive and negative wirings on the DC power supply 400 side from the three-phase bridge circuit 301.
- the smoothing capacitor an electrolytic capacitor having sufficient capacity, a conductive polymer hybrid electrolytic capacitor, or the like is used.
- a current detector for detecting the phase current of the motor is provided on the positive or negative electrode wiring between the three-phase bridge circuit 301 and the smoothing capacitor.
- a low-loss low-resistance resistor is often used, but other current detectors such as a current transformer may be used.
- a filter component such as a normal mode choke coil and a capacitor is disposed on the DC power supply 400 side of the smoothing capacitor as a noise countermeasure.
- the power conversion device 300 includes a control unit 310.
- the control unit 310 includes a current control unit 312, and a current command value for controlling the operation of the motor 200 to a desired value is given from the motor driving device 10.
- the control unit 310 includes a current detection unit 311 for filtering and amplifying a voltage value obtained from a current detector provided in the power conversion device 300, and the current detection unit 311 includes the motor 200 in the current control unit 312. Current information is output.
- the magnetic sensor 302 mounted on the motor driving device 10 detects a change in magnetic flux of the sensor magnet 202 attached to the rotor 201 and outputs the rotor position information to the current control unit 312.
- the magnetic sensor 302 As the magnetic sensor 302, a Hall IC, a GMR (Giant Magneto Resistive effect) sensor, a TMR (Tunnel Magneto Resistance effect) sensor, or the like can be considered.
- the magnetic sensor 302 may be mounted on a printed circuit board on which components such as an OP amplifier, a microcomputer, a driver IC, and a power supply IC are mounted, even if the current detection unit 311 and the PWM generation unit 313 are mounted. It may be mounted on either the power conversion device 300 or the motor 200.
- the current control unit 312 generates a voltage command value V * to be given to the three-phase bridge circuit 301 based on the above-described current detection value, rotor position detection value, and current command value, and outputs the voltage command value V * to the PWM generation unit 313.
- the PWM generation unit 313 outputs a gate voltage command to each semiconductor element of the three-phase bridge circuit 301 based on the voltage command value V *.
- the power converter 300 supplies a three-phase alternating current to the motor 200, and the motor works by converting electrical energy into mechanical energy.
- the control unit 310 corrects the initial deviation from the design value.
- an initial position correction unit 315 is provided.
- the error amount obtained by the initial position correction unit 315 is given to the position correction unit 316, and accurate position information of the rotor 201 can be obtained even if there is an individual difference in the motor driving device 10.
- a sensor magnet 202 for detecting the position of the rotor 201 is attached to the tip of the rotor 201 of the motor 200.
- the sensor magnet 202 is magnetized in two poles.
- the magnetic sensor 302 mounted on the substrate is disposed at a position facing the sensor magnet 202 and separated by a certain distance.
- a magnet magnetic flux vector 210 corresponding to the amount of magnetization is generated, and the magnet magnetic flux vector 210 passes through the magnetic sensor 302.
- the magnetic flux vector is defined as Bs
- the magnetic flux vectors resolved in the in-plane (X, Y) direction at the detection position of the magnetic sensor 302 are denoted as Bx_s and By_s, respectively.
- the magnet magnetic flux vector Bs changes from 0 degrees to 360 degrees as the rotor 201 rotates on the XY plane at the detection position of the magnetic sensor 302.
- FIG. 3 shows only the first quadrant.
- the angle ⁇ s of the rotor 201 can be detected.
- each voltage value corresponding to the magnetic fluxes Bx_s and By_s generated from the sensor magnet 202 can be output. Therefore, in the control unit 300, the rotor is based on the output voltage value. An angle ⁇ s of 201 is calculated.
- FIG. 4 shows the internal structure of the motor drive device 10 when high-density mounting is performed in conjunction with electromechanical integration.
- the distance between the magnetic sensor 302 and the main circuit wiring 501 is close.
- the main circuit wiring refers to all wiring that flows between the DC power supply 400 and the motor 200 and through which energy for driving the motor 200 passes.
- electrical wiring such as a bus bar provided in the power conversion device 300, three-dimensional wiring mounted on a substrate, three-phase wiring connected to the motor 200, and the like can be given.
- the direction of the magnetic flux vector Bd generated from the main circuit wiring 501 is from the front of the page to the back, that is, the Y direction.
- magnetic fluxes generated by separating the magnetic flux vector generated from the main circuit wiring 501 in the in-plane (XY) direction at the detection position of the magnetic sensor are defined as Bx_d and By_d, respectively.
- the power conversion device 300 obtains position information of Expression (3).
- the sum of the magnet magnetic flux vector and the disturbance magnetic flux vector is defined as Bc.
- the magnetic sensor 302 cannot obtain accurate position information of the rotor 201 due to the influence of the disturbance magnetic flux vector Bd. As a result, it becomes difficult to control the motor 200 stably.
- control unit 310 in this embodiment includes the magnetic flux error calculation unit 314 that calculates the disturbance magnetic flux vector Bd generated from the main circuit wiring 501 and the above-described disturbance magnetic flux vector Bd from the position information ⁇ c or Bc output from the magnetic sensor 302.
- a position correction unit 316 is provided for correcting the influence of the above.
- the magnetic flux error calculation unit 314 the magnitude of the current in the main circuit wiring 501 obtained from the current detection unit 311, the direction of the current that can be obtained from the PWM generation unit 313, and the rotor 201 output from the magnetic sensor 302. Position information is given.
- the magnetic flux error calculation unit 314 generates the disturbance magnetic flux vector Bd generated from the main circuit wiring 501 or the position error based on all or any of the information on the magnitude of the given current, the current direction, and the sensor magnet position.
- the position correction unit 316 removes the influence of the disturbance magnetic flux from the output of the magnetic sensor 302, and outputs accurate position information of the rotor 201 to the current control unit 312.
- the power converter can obtain position information without error, and as a result, it is high performance and stable. It is possible to realize a motor drive device that realizes the motor control.
- (2) Eliminates the need for additional components, such as a shielding plate made of a magnetic material, for suppressing disturbance magnetic flux generated from the main circuit wiring from penetrating the magnetic sensor.
- (3) The main circuit wiring can be mounted in the vicinity of the magnetic sensor, realizing high-density mounting and further miniaturization of the motor drive device.
- the magnetic sensor is provided at a position facing the sensor magnet.
- the position of the rotor can be detected by the sensor magnet and the magnetic sensor, for example, the side surface of the sensor magnet is used. It may be arranged at a certain distance in the direction.
- the influence of the disturbance magnetic flux vector generated from the main circuit wiring is corrected using the magnetic flux error calculation unit and the position correction unit provided in advance in the power conversion device. For this reason, for example, when a magnetic foreign object or the like intervenes between the main circuit wiring and the magnetic sensor, the power converter performs unnecessary position correction, and the PWM command value changes, unstable motor control, and the like. There is a fear. For this reason, extreme caution is required when foreign substances are mixed.
- FIG. 5 shows the flow of the correction method in the present embodiment.
- the layout of the main circuit wiring 501 and other components of the power conversion device 300 is determined.
- the layout of the motor drive device 10 is determined, the positional relationship between all the main circuit wirings and the magnetic sensors is uniquely determined. Therefore, a disturbance magnetic flux vector generated when a current flows through the main circuit wiring can be calculated by using Equation (2) or a commercially available magnetic field analysis tool.
- a magnetic field analysis tool for example, JMAG of JSOL Corporation can be cited.
- the magnetic flux error calculation unit 314 internally includes information on the disturbance magnetic flux vector Bd generated when the current flows through each main circuit wiring 501 as the main circuit wiring disturbance magnetic flux.
- the magnetic flux error calculation unit 314 is generated from each main circuit wiring 501 from the direction and magnitude of the current supplied from the current detection unit 311 and the PWM generation unit 313.
- the disturbance magnetic flux vector Bd_i to be estimated can be estimated.
- i indicates the number of the main circuit wiring.
- the magnetic flux error calculation unit 314 adds all the disturbance magnetic flux vectors Bd_i and outputs the disturbance magnetic flux vectors Bx_d and By_d to the position correction unit 316.
- the position correction unit 316 can calculate the position of the rotor 201 by removing the influence of the disturbance magnetic fluxes Bx_d and By_d from the position information Bx_c and By_c output from the magnetic sensor 302, that is, by calculating Bx_s and By_s. It becomes possible.
- the magnetic flux error calculation unit 314 can perform all interpolation or extrapolation as long as it has the value of the disturbance magnetic flux vector for an arbitrary current value. It is possible to estimate the disturbance magnetic flux vector Bd for the current value.
- the power conversion device can correct the influence of the disturbance magnetic flux vector generated from the main circuit wiring from the output of the magnetic sensor, and realizes highly accurate and stable motor control.
- the magnetic flux vector is used for easy understanding.
- the magnetic flux error calculation unit 314 is mainly used. A voltage value equivalent to the circuit wiring disturbance magnetic flux may be provided.
- the correction method described in the present embodiment is such that, for example, the current r obtained during operation of the motor drive device is stored by storing the distance r between the main circuit wiring obtained from the shape data and the magnetic sensor in the magnetic flux error calculation unit. Together with the value information, equation (2) can also be solved directly.
- the magnetic flux error calculation unit 314 has main circuit wiring position information. As a result, it is also possible to correct the disturbance magnetic flux vector in real time.
- the disturbance magnetic flux when a direct current flows may be corrected so as to be proportional to 1 / f.
- the current value input to the magnetic flux error calculation unit not only the value given from the current detection unit but also the current command value calculated by the current command unit may be used.
- the power converter 300 defines the minimum magnetic flux vector Bm as a threshold value in the disturbance magnetic flux vector Bd.
- the minimum magnetic flux vector Bm is determined by an allowable detection error with respect to the magnet magnetic flux vector Bs. Therefore, it is arbitrarily determined in each system from the allowable value of the electrical angle error of the rotor 201 required by the motor drive device 10, the detection accuracy of the magnetic sensor, the positional accuracy at the time of mounting, and the like.
- the disturbance magnetic flux vector Bd_i generated when the maximum current is supplied to each main circuit wiring 501 is calculated by the method shown in the second embodiment, for example. Then, the maximum disturbance magnetic flux vector Bd_i and the minimum magnetic flux vector Bm can be compared. When the maximum disturbance magnetic flux vector is sufficiently large with respect to the minimum magnetic flux vector, the main circuit wiring 501 is calculated as a magnetic flux error. It becomes possible to delete from the target of the part 314.
- the output of the magnetic sensor 302 may be corrected using the magnetic flux error calculation unit 314 only when the current flowing through the main circuit wiring 501 is a certain level or more. Thus, stable motor control can be realized.
- the power converter can reduce unnecessary main circuit wiring disturbance magnetic flux information, and can further limit the operation region for performing position correction. As a result, the calculation load on the control unit can be reduced.
- the operation of the magnetic flux error calculation unit will be described with respect to a method different from the second embodiment.
- the method is based on the premise that the structure information inside the power conversion apparatus is included, whereas this embodiment relates to a case where the structure information is not included in the power conversion apparatus. It is.
- FIG. 6 shows a general voltage vector in a three-phase inverter.
- the voltage vector represents the on / off state of the MOSFET, and there are a total of eight types of voltage vectors.
- the possible current directions in each voltage vector are six cases at the maximum because the current sum of the motor three-phase lines is zero. That is, even if there is no internal structure information of the power conversion device, by operating the power conversion device with a certain voltage vector, the magnetic flux error calculation unit can estimate the influence of the disturbance magnetic flux vector of the main circuit wiring.
- a specific method will be described.
- FIG. 7 shows a current waveform of the three-phase line of the motor 200.
- the power conversion apparatus 300 that performs PWM control outputs a current value at a point on the horizontal axis in FIG. 7 when the PWM generation unit 313 outputs a voltage command value.
- the current value on the vertical axis in FIG. 7 is a normalized value, and the magnitude of the peak current is arbitrary.
- Bxo_d1 and Byo_d1 are unknown numbers, which indicate the magnitude of the disturbance magnetic flux per unit current in each main circuit wiring, and are three in the X and Y directions, respectively. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 8, the simultaneous equations shown in the equation (5) can be solved by changing the current magnitude in a certain voltage vector under at least three conditions and obtaining the outputs of the magnetic sensor 202, respectively. As a result, even if the internal structure is unknown, it is possible to estimate a disturbance magnetic flux vector generated when a current flows through the three-phase line of the motor 200.
- the rotor 201 of the motor 200 is forcibly locked from the outside, or the motor 200 is driven only by the d-axis command with the q-axis command set to zero.
- the motor 200 may be in a rotating state.
- ⁇ Case 2 When the disturbance magnetic flux of the DC bus also affects> Since there are two main circuit wires, a positive electrode and a negative electrode, the disturbance magnetic flux vector when a current is passed through the DC bus is determined by four unknowns. In addition, the value of the current flowing through the DC bus is equal to the value obtained by filtering the three-phase current of the motor 200 detected by the current detector with a time constant greater than or equal to a certain time constant. A current value can be detected. Therefore, the same method as in Case 1 can be used, and when the influence of the DC bus is also taken into consideration, the magnitude of the current or the number of voltage vectors is increased as necessary with respect to Case 1, It is possible to solve simultaneous equations.
- FIG. 9 shows a three-phase bridge circuit.
- the direction of the current flowing in the MOSFET and the wiring part connecting the MOSFETs is determined by the voltage vector and the direction of the motor current flowing before that. Therefore, when the influence of the disturbance magnetic flux generated by the switching current shown in FIG. 9 must be taken into consideration, the output of the magnetic sensor 302 at more voltage vectors is obtained than in the case 2, and the switching current is supplied to the case 2. It is necessary to solve the simultaneous equations with the added equations. Further, since the current flowing into and out of the smoothing capacitor is equal to the value obtained by subtracting the current value of the DC bus from the motor current value, the influence of the smoothing capacitor unit can be taken into account.
- the switching current is high-frequency, and a conductor is often placed close to the wiring through which the switching current flows in order to realize low inductance. Therefore, the possibility that the switching current becomes a disturbance magnetic flux is low, and in the cases 1 and 2 described above, it is considered that correction is possible in many cases.
- the magnetic flux error correction unit 314 has information on the disturbance magnetic flux created in any of cases 1 to 3.
- the magnetic flux error calculation unit 314 calculates the influence of the disturbance magnetic flux vector using the current magnitude obtained from the current detection unit 311 and the current direction information obtained from the PWM generation unit 313, and outputs the result.
- the position correction unit 316 calculates accurate position information of the rotor 201 from the magnetic flux vector information output from the magnetic sensor 302 and the disturbance magnetic flux information output from the magnetic flux error correction unit 314.
- the power conversion device 300 realizes stable motor control.
- the magnitude of the disturbance magnetic flux is in a range that does not affect the motor control, the voltage vector and the current that are not corrected are provided. Also good.
- FIG. 10 shows the magnetic flux vector of the sensor magnet in the X direction
- FIG. 11 shows the magnetic flux vector of the sensor magnet in the Y direction.
- the disturbance magnetic flux vector generated when a current flows through the main circuit wiring is in the X direction. The case is shown.
- FIG. 10 since the direction of the magnetic flux vector and the disturbance magnetic flux vector are the same, the position information ⁇ output from the magnetic sensor is not affected by the disturbance magnetic flux vector.
- FIG. 11 since the direction of the magnet magnetic flux vector and the disturbance magnetic flux vector are different by 90 degrees, the position information ⁇ output from the magnetic sensor is greatly influenced by the disturbance magnetic flux vector.
- FIG. 12 shows the result of trial calculation of the difference in ⁇ s, that is, the positional deviation amount ⁇ d due to the disturbance magnetic flux.
- the influence of the disturbance magnetic flux increases as the magnet magnetic flux vector moves away from the X axis, and the influence ⁇ d of the disturbance magnetic flux vector appears as a sine wave.
- the peak of the sine wave and the phase of the zero cross are shifted according to the disturbance magnetic flux vector.
- ⁇ Case 1 When the disturbance magnetic flux of the motor 3-phase wire is affected> If the magnetic flux error calculation unit 314 has a relationship between the magnet position ⁇ s in each current phase of FIG. 7 and the influence ⁇ d of the disturbance magnetic flux vector, the disturbance magnetic flux is based on the positional information ⁇ c output from ⁇ d and the magnetic sensor. It becomes possible to correct the influence of the vector. Below, the correction method of position information is demonstrated.
- the position information ⁇ c output from the magnetic sensor 203 at a certain time is
- the power conversion device 300 determines the phase of the motor current from the current detection value at a certain time, and derives data of the magnet position ⁇ s and the influence ⁇ d of the disturbance magnetic flux provided in the magnetic flux error calculation unit 314. If the current phase is the same, ⁇ d changes linearly with respect to the magnitude of the peak current. Therefore, the influence of the disturbance magnetic flux is linearly complemented from the magnitude of the current of the main circuit wiring, and the corrected influence is given as ⁇ d ′. To do.
- the magnetic flux error calculation unit 314 may have information on ⁇ d at a certain current value. Also, as shown in FIG. 12, since ⁇ d is approximately a sine wave, if the magnetic flux error calculation unit 314 has the peak value of ⁇ d and its phase information, it can be extrapolated to ⁇ s. . As a result, it is possible to extremely reduce the information amount of ⁇ d that the magnetic flux error calculation unit 314 has.
- the information regarding ⁇ s and ⁇ d included in the magnetic flux error calculation unit 314 can be obtained by any of the methods described in the above embodiments.
- ⁇ Case 2 When the disturbance magnetic flux of the DC bus is affected> The current of the DC bus is unidirectional, and the magnitudes of the currents on the positive side and the negative side are the same. Therefore, the direction of the disturbance magnetic flux vector is uniquely determined. As a result, the magnetic flux error calculation unit 314 may have only the positional deviation amount ⁇ d ′′ at a certain current value with respect to the sensor magnet position ⁇ s. That is, only one data of ⁇ s and ⁇ d ′′ for the DC bus is sufficient.
- the magnetic flux error calculation unit 314 outputs both the positional deviation ⁇ d ′ caused by the motor current value and the positional deviation ⁇ d ′′ caused by the DC bus, using the motor current value and the DC bus current value given from the current detection unit. It will be.
- the magnetic flux error correction unit 314 has position information based on the disturbance magnetic flux created in any of cases 1 and 2.
- the magnetic flux error calculation unit 314 uses the current magnitude obtained from the current detection unit 311 and the information on the current direction obtained from the PWM generation unit 313 to calculate the position deviation due to the sensor magnet position and the disturbance magnetic flux. Output.
- the position correction unit 316 calculates accurate position information of the rotor 201 from the sensor magnet position information output from the magnetic sensor 302 and the sensor magnet position output from the magnetic flux error correction unit 314 and the positional deviation information due to the disturbance magnetic flux. To do.
- the power conversion device 300 realizes stable motor control.
- the magnitude of the disturbance magnetic flux is in a range that does not affect the motor control, the voltage vector and the current that are not corrected are provided. Also good.
- FIG. 13 shows a circuit diagram in the sixth embodiment.
- a system in which one or more motors are driven by two power converters is considered. This system realizes a redundant system, and even if one of the three-phase bridge circuits breaks down, the system continues to drive the motor by continuously operating the other three-phase bridge circuit.
- the motor 200 is a redundant motor in which two three-phase windings are arranged in one metal casing.
- the rotor is common to each winding, and a sensor magnet is attached to the tip of the rotor.
- the power converter 300 may include a three-phase bridge circuit 301 that is electrically connected to the three-phase winding 201 of the motor 200 and a three-phase bridge circuit 350 that is electrically connected to the three-phase winding 202. Yes.
- current detection units 311 and 351 for detecting currents of the three-phase bridge circuit 301 and the three-phase bridge circuit 350 are provided.
- current control units 312 and 352 and PWM generation units 313 and 353 for outputting a voltage command to the three-phase bridge circuits 301 and 350 are also provided, respectively, with respect to the current command value given from the motor driving device 10. It is a system that can be controlled independently.
- the magnetic sensor 302, the magnetic flux error calculation unit 314, the initial position correction unit 315, and the position correction unit 316 are one in the power converter 300.
- Two DC power sources 400 are shown, but two DC power sources 400 may be provided individually or in common.
- the three-phase bridge circuits 301 and 350 and the control unit 310 for controlling them are mounted on one common housing in order to realize high-density mounting. Then, a disturbance magnetic flux vector Bd is generated from the main circuit wiring of the three-phase bridge circuits 301 and 350, and the disturbance magnetic flux vector affects the magnetic sensor 302 as described above.
- the magnetic flux error calculation unit 314 extracts the amount of correction of the disturbance magnetic flux vector described in the embodiments so far from the magnitude and direction of the current of each three-phase bridge circuit, and outputs it to the position correction unit 316. .
- the position correction unit 316 can remove the influence of the disturbance magnetic flux from the output of the magnetic sensor 302, and the power conversion device 300 realizes stable motor control.
- the magnetic flux error correction unit tries to correct the influence of the disturbance magnetic flux only from the other current detection value. Stable motor drive can be realized.
- FIG. 14 shows Example 7.
- the seventh embodiment is an example in which the present invention is applied to an electric power steering apparatus.
- the motor drive device 10 assists steering by the steering 1 by generating torque via a gear 4 attached to the rotation shaft of the steering 1 of the vehicle.
- the drive device 10 is one to which the control technology described so far is applied.
- the electric power steering device can be applied to a vehicle having a small installation space by providing a miniaturized power conversion device, and enables various vehicle types to be developed.
- the three-phase motor and the three-phase bridge circuit have been described.
- the position of the rotating body is detected by detecting the position of the rotating body, such as a combination of a DC motor or a power conversion device that converts power from AC to DC.
- the same effect can be obtained in any form as long as the power converter controls the voltage.
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
(1)主回路配線から発生する外乱磁束ベクトルが磁気センサへ与える影響を制御部で補正することで、電力変換装置は誤差の無い位置情報を得ることができ、その結果、高性能で且つ安定したモータ制御を実現するモータ駆動装置を実現できる。
(2)主回路配線から発生する外乱磁束が磁気センサを貫通することを抑制するための、例えば磁性体で構成された遮蔽板などの追加部品を不要とする。
(3)主回路配線を磁気センサ近傍に実装することを可能とし、モータ駆動装置の高密度実
装と更なる小型化を実現する。
図7に、モータ200の3相線の電流波形を示す。PWM制御を実施する電力変換装置300は、PWM生成部313がある電圧指令値を出力すると、図7の横軸のある点における電流値が出力されることとなる。なお、図7の縦軸の電流値は規格化された値であり、ピーク電流の大きさは任意である。この場合、電流が0Aの時の磁気センサ出力に対する、電流を通電した場合の磁気センサ出力の差分delta Bo_dは、式(5)で表される(o = u, v, w)。
主回路配線は正極と負極の2本となるため、直流母線に電流が通電した際の外乱磁束ベクトルは、4つの未知数で決まる。また、直流母線に流れる電流値は、電流検出器で検出するモータ200の3相電流を一定以上の時定数でフィルタリングした値と等しく、これまでに説明してきた電流検出部を用いて直流母線の電流値を検出することができる。そのため、ケース1の場合と同様の手法を用いることができ、直流母線の影響も考慮する場合には、電流の大きさまたは電圧ベクトルの数を、ケース1に対し必要なだけ増加させることで、連立方程式を解くことが可能となる。
図9に、3相ブリッジ回路を示す。MOSFETおよびMOSFETを接続する配線部に流れる電流の向きは、電圧ベクトルとそれ以前に流れていたモータ電流の向きで決定される。そのため、図9に示すスイッチング電流が発生する外乱磁束の影響まで考慮しなければいけない場合には、ケース2と比較しさらに多くの電圧ベクトルにおける磁気センサ302の出力を取得し、ケース2にスイッチング電流に関する方程式を追加した連立方程式を解くことが必要となる。また、平滑コンデンサから流出入する電流は、モータ電流値から直流母線の電流値を差し引いた値に等しいため、平滑コンデンサ部の影響も加味することが可能である。
磁束誤差算出部314が、図7の各電流位相における磁石位置θsと外乱磁束ベクトルの影響θdの関係を有していると、θdと磁気センサから出力される位置情報θcを元に、外乱磁束ベクトルの影響を補正することが可能となる。以下では、位置情報の補正方法を説明する。
直流母線の電流は単一方向で、且つ正極側と負極側の電流の大きさは一致する。そのため、外乱磁束ベクトルの向きは一意に決まる。その結果、磁束誤差算出部314は、センサ磁石位置θsに対し、ある電流値における位置ずれ量θd''のみを有すれば良い。即ち、直流母線に対するθsとθd''のデータは1つで良い。
Claims (11)
- 所望のトルク指令値に基づいて、モータに電流を出力する電力変換装置の動作を制御するモータ駆動装置であって、前記電力変換装置を構成するスイッチング素子に電気的に接続され、直流電流又は交流電流を伝達する主回路配線と、前記モータの回転子に取り付けられたセンサ磁石の磁束変化を検出する磁気センサと、前記磁気センサによって検出された前記回転子の位置情報に基づいて、前記電力変換装置から前記モータに出力する電流指令値を演算する制御部と、を備え、
前記制御部は、前記主回路配線に流れる電流によって発生する磁束成分を検出または演算する、磁束誤差補正部を有することを特徴とする、モータ駆動装置。 - 請求項1に記載のモータ駆動装置であって、前記磁束誤差補正部は、前記主回路配線に流れる電流の大きさと向きから、前記主回路配線に流れる電流によって発生する磁束成分を演算することを特徴とするモータ駆動装置。
- 請求項1に記載のモータ駆動装置であって、前記磁束誤差補正部は、前記主回路配線と前記磁気センサの位置情報を有し、前記主回路配線に流れる電流の大きさと向きと前記位置情報から、前記主回路配線に流れる電流によって発生する磁束成分を演算することを特徴とするモータ駆動装置。
- 請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載のモータ駆動装置であって、前記磁気センサは前記センサ磁石から与えられる磁束ベクトルの、面内方向の大きさを出力することを特徴とするモータ駆動装置。
- 請求項1に記載のモータ駆動装置であって、前記磁気センサは前記センサ磁石から与えられる磁束ベクトルに対する角度情報を出力し、前記磁束誤差補正部は前記主回路配線に流れる電流の大きさと向き、および前記磁気センサの角度情報から、前記主回路配線に流れる電流によって発生する磁束成分を演算することを特徴とするモータ駆動装置。
- 請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載のモータ駆動装置であって、前記制御部は、前記磁束誤差補正部の検出値または演算値を元に、前記磁気センサの検出値を補正することを特徴とするモータ駆動装置。
- 請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載のモータ駆動装置であって、前記磁気センサの検出値の補正は、前記モータの電流値がある一定値以上になった場合から実施されることを特徴とするモータ駆動装置。
- 請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載のモータ駆動装置であって、前記磁気センサの検出値の補正は、前記電力変換装置の電圧ベクトル指令値が、ある条件のときのみに実施されることを特徴とするモータ駆動装置。
- 所望のトルク指令値に基づいて、交流モータに電流を出力する電力変換装置の動作を制御するモータ駆動装置であって、前記電力変換装置は2つ以上の3相ブリッジ回路を有し、前記各3相ブリッジ回路を構成するスイッチング素子に電気的に接続され、直流電流又は交流電流を伝達する主回路配線と、前記交流モータの回転子に取り付けられたセンサ磁石の磁束変化を検出する磁気センサと、前記磁気センサによって検出された前記回転子の位置情報に基づいて、前記電力変換装置から前記モータに出力する電流指令値を演算する制御部と、を備え、
前記制御部は、前記一方の3相ブリッジ回路と接続する主回路配線に流れる電流と、前記他方の3相ブリッジ回路と接続する主回路配線に流れる電流によって発生する磁束成分を、それぞれ別に検出または演算する、磁束誤差補正部を有することを特徴とする、モータ駆動装置。 - 請求項9において、前記双方の3相ブリッジ回路、またはいずれか一方の3相ブリッジ回路のみが動作している場合に、請求項3から8のいずれかの特徴を有するモータ駆動装置。
- 請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載の電力変換装置を有することを特徴とする、電動パワーステアリング装置。
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CN201680038430.XA CN107735937A (zh) | 2015-07-01 | 2016-06-27 | 电力转换装置以及马达驱动装置 |
KR1020177036675A KR102042911B1 (ko) | 2015-07-01 | 2016-06-27 | 전력 변환 장치 및 모터 구동 장치 |
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JP2019126244A (ja) * | 2018-01-12 | 2019-07-25 | キヤノン株式会社 | モータ制御装置及び方法 |
CN111257614A (zh) * | 2018-12-03 | 2020-06-09 | 新乡学院 | 磁针压敏元件法测量超导线中输运电流装置 |
WO2020170642A1 (ja) * | 2019-02-20 | 2020-08-27 | 日本電産株式会社 | 位置推定装置 |
JP7234737B2 (ja) * | 2019-03-28 | 2023-03-08 | 株式会社デンソー | 検出ユニット |
US11231297B2 (en) | 2020-01-09 | 2022-01-25 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Providing availability of rotary position sensor information after hardware failures |
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JP7002577B2 (ja) * | 2020-02-26 | 2022-01-20 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 角度検出装置及び回転電機の制御装置 |
JP6861867B1 (ja) * | 2020-02-26 | 2021-04-21 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 角度検出装置及び回転電機の制御装置 |
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