WO2016162939A1 - 空気調和機 - Google Patents
空気調和機 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2016162939A1 WO2016162939A1 PCT/JP2015/060811 JP2015060811W WO2016162939A1 WO 2016162939 A1 WO2016162939 A1 WO 2016162939A1 JP 2015060811 W JP2015060811 W JP 2015060811W WO 2016162939 A1 WO2016162939 A1 WO 2016162939A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- resonance
- air conditioner
- rotation speed
- fan
- unit
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F1/00—Room units for air-conditioning, e.g. separate or self-contained units or units receiving primary air from a central station
- F24F1/06—Separate outdoor units, e.g. outdoor unit to be linked to a separate room comprising a compressor and a heat exchanger
- F24F1/14—Heat exchangers specially adapted for separate outdoor units
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F1/00—Room units for air-conditioning, e.g. separate or self-contained units or units receiving primary air from a central station
- F24F1/06—Separate outdoor units, e.g. outdoor unit to be linked to a separate room comprising a compressor and a heat exchanger
- F24F1/38—Fan details of outdoor units, e.g. bell-mouth shaped inlets or fan mountings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/89—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
- F24F13/24—Means for preventing or suppressing noise
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
- F25B49/025—Motor control arrangements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F1/00—Room units for air-conditioning, e.g. separate or self-contained units or units receiving primary air from a central station
- F24F1/06—Separate outdoor units, e.g. outdoor unit to be linked to a separate room comprising a compressor and a heat exchanger
- F24F1/40—Vibration or noise prevention at outdoor units
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/70—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof
- F24F11/72—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the supply of treated air, e.g. its pressure
- F24F11/74—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the supply of treated air, e.g. its pressure for controlling air flow rate or air velocity
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
- F24F13/24—Means for preventing or suppressing noise
- F24F2013/245—Means for preventing or suppressing noise using resonance
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F2130/00—Control inputs relating to environmental factors not covered by group F24F2110/00
- F24F2130/40—Noise
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
- F25B2700/15—Power, e.g. by voltage or current
- F25B2700/151—Power, e.g. by voltage or current of the compressor motor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
- F25B49/022—Compressor control arrangements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0003—Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
- H02M1/0009—Devices or circuits for detecting current in a converter
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P6/00—Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
- H02P6/14—Electronic commutators
- H02P6/16—Circuit arrangements for detecting position
- H02P6/18—Circuit arrangements for detecting position without separate position detecting elements
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an air conditioner.
- Injection-molded products made of resin materials are often used for propeller fans used in many outdoor air blowers of air conditioners and turbo fans used in indoor units such as ceiling cassette type four-way blowers. . Since the injection-molded product made of a resin material is not made of sheet metal, it has a high degree of freedom in shape and is advantageous for mass production, and can achieve high efficiency, low noise, and low cost.
- the fan of the blower calculates from the outside air temperature or the temperature of the refrigerant in the refrigeration cycle constituting the air conditioner, and blows air at a wide rotational speed from about 100 rpm to about 1000 rpm. .
- vibration and noise may increase at a specific rotation speed due to resonance with the casing of the air conditioner.
- Increase in vibration and noise due to resonance is a big problem for air conditioner users, so investigate the rotation speed at which resonance with the air conditioner casing occurs in advance, and control such that the rotation speed is not used. Ingenuity has been made.
- an outdoor unit of an air conditioner for example, a multi-type outdoor unit for buildings
- a plurality of units are installed together on the roof of a building such as an office building.
- an air conditioner outdoor unit is installed on a vibration isolation frame during construction of the air conditioner.
- Tohoku, Hokkaido, and Hokuriku regions in order to prevent the outdoor unit heat exchanger of the air conditioner from being buried in snow, a stand was created in order to install the outdoor unit at a height that considered snow.
- An outdoor unit may be installed above.
- the length of the fishing bolt for suspending the indoor unit due to the structure of the building also varies depending on the construction site.
- the natural frequency with the air conditioner suspended is slightly different depending on the construction conditions.
- the natural vibration value obtained by integrating the air conditioner outdoor unit and the gantry differs depending on the local construction state.
- Patent Document 1 compares a detection device that detects at least one of vibration and noise generated from an electric blower and at least one frequency component of the detected vibration and noise with a frequency component specific to a normal electric blower.
- a failure diagnosis device for an electric blower having control means for executing failure detection and failure mode determination of the electric blower.
- Patent Document 2 includes a vibration detection unit that detects vibration of a blower provided in a housing, and a control device that controls the blower based on an output from the vibration detection unit.
- An air conditioner that is installed on a support plate of a blower so as to detect vibrations in the short direction of the casing is described.
- the failure diagnosis device for an electric blower described in Patent Document 1 requires a calculation means with a high processing capability that is more sophisticated than the air conditioner control, for frequency analysis of vibration or noise. For this reason, there is a problem that the use of an inexpensive microcomputer is hindered and the cost is increased. Further, in the air conditioner described in Patent Document 2, there is a possibility that the vibration sensor may be erroneously detected due to a disturbance such as a gust of wind, an earthquake, or vibration during maintenance inspection. Moreover, since a vibration sensor is required, there exists a problem that cost increases.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an air conditioner capable of accurately detecting resonance of an outdoor unit of an air conditioner or a housing of an indoor unit at low cost.
- an air conditioner includes a fan that blows air to a heat exchanger, a motor that drives the fan, a rotation speed detection unit that detects a rotation speed of the motor, A current detecting means for detecting a current value; a phase detecting means for detecting the magnetic pole position of the motor; a pulsation detecting means for detecting a pulsation of the current value based on the detected current value and magnetic pole position of the motor; Resonance determining means for determining resonance of an outdoor unit having the motor or a housing of the indoor unit based on the pulsation of the current value and the rotation speed.
- an air conditioner capable of accurately detecting resonance of an outdoor unit of an air conditioner or a housing of an indoor unit at low cost.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of an outdoor unit 1 of an air conditioner according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- an outdoor unit 1 of an air conditioner includes a propeller fan 2 that blows air to an outdoor heat exchanger (not shown), a fan motor 3 that rotationally drives the propeller fan 2, and a desired rotation of the fan motor 3.
- a control unit 4 (control means) that performs drive control so as to rotate at a speed and executes resonance avoidance control is provided.
- the propeller fan 2 is a fan for sending air to the outdoor unit heat exchanger of the air conditioner.
- the propeller fan 2 may be a turbo fan, a sirocco fan, or a once-through fan for blowing air to the indoor unit of the air conditioner, and the form of the blower is not limited.
- the control unit 4 includes a current detection unit 5 (current detection unit) that detects an output current of the fan motor 3 as a current value, a phase detection unit 6 (phase detection unit) that detects a magnetic pole position of the fan motor 3, and a fan motor.
- Fan rotation speed detection unit 7 rotation speed detection means
- pulsation detection unit 8 detects a pulsation of the current value based on the detected current value and magnetic pole position of the fan motor 3.
- a resonance determining unit 9 for determining the resonance of the outdoor unit having the fan motor 3 or the system of the housing of the indoor unit based on the pulsation of the detected current value and the fan rotation speed; Is provided.
- the control unit 4 executes resonance avoidance control (see FIGS. 5 and 6) that increases or decreases the fan rotation speed by a predetermined rotation speed.
- the control unit 4 adjusts the rotational speed of the fan motor 3 based on the resonance determination result of the resonance determination unit 9 to avoid the resonance state. That is, if the resonance determination part 9 determines with resonance, the control part 4 will adjust the rotational speed of the fan 1 and will try whether it can avoid from a resonance state.
- the pulsation detection unit 8 detects the pulsation of the current value of the fan motor 3 (hereinafter referred to as the motor current value) from the detection results of the current detection unit 4 and the phase detection unit 5.
- the resonance determination unit 9 tries to determine the resonance again after increasing or decreasing control of the fan rotation speed by the control unit 4, and determines that the resonance is abnormal when the resonance is determined.
- the resonance determination unit 9 tries to determine the resonance again after the control of the increase or decrease of the fan rotation speed by the control unit 4, and when the resonance is not determined, the control unit 4 continues the operation at the fan rotation speed.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of the pulsation detecting unit 8.
- the current detection unit 5 detects three-phase output currents (Iu, Iv, Iw) from the fan motor 3. Specifically, the current flowing through the DC portion of the inverter (not shown) that drives the fan motor 3 is measured from the voltage generated across the shunt resistor (not shown). Then, motor currents (Iu, Iv, Iw) are derived by a current calculation unit (not shown) in the control unit 4.
- the motor current (Iu, Iv, Iw) can be detected by various methods such as connecting a resistor having a small resistance value to the motor current output section, detecting from the voltage applied to the resistor, and detecting by a current sensor. There is.
- the detected motor currents (Iu, Iv, Iw) are converted in the order of ⁇ conversion and dq conversion in accordance with the following equation (1), and the result is subjected to first-order lag filter processing. Q-axis current feedback value is calculated.
- Equation (1) ⁇ dc at the time of dq conversion is a d-axis phase, and indicates the magnetic pole position of the fan motor.
- the mechanical angle phase ⁇ r that is the second input value of the pulsation detecting unit 8 is calculated from ⁇ dc. It is shown in the following formula (2).
- ⁇ r is calculated by integrating ⁇ r.
- a pulsation component is extracted from the two input q-axis current feedback values and the mechanical angle phase ⁇ r.
- sin ⁇ r and cos ⁇ r are calculated from the mechanical angle phase ⁇ r by a sin and cos calculation 71, multiplied by a q-axis current feedback value, and a first-order lag filtering process 72 is performed to remove high-frequency components.
- the setting value of the time constant of the first-order lag filter process is set by simulation so that the period of torque pulsation can be extracted based on a test by an actual machine. That is, in order to set the filter time constant, it is necessary to make the filter time constant larger than the pulsation period in order to extract the pulsation component. Set.
- FIG. 3 is a waveform diagram showing current pulsation during resonance of the air conditioner.
- a curve 50a shown in FIG. 3 shows a current value waveform in a non-resonance state
- a curve 50b shows a current value waveform in a resonance state.
- the current detector 5 shown in FIG. 1 detects the fan motor current every moment. When the outdoor unit 1 or the indoor unit of the air conditioner is in a resonance state, the torque fluctuation of the fan motor 3 becomes larger than that at the time of non-resonance, and this also occurs in the applied current of the fan motor 3. For this reason, as shown by the curve 50b in FIG.
- the pulsation (or amplitude) Ia with respect to the current average value Im increases.
- the applied current also increases, so the current average value Im also increases.
- the resonance can be determined by the current pulsation value Ia.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the relationship between the fan rotation speed and the current pulsation value when the casing of the air conditioner resonates.
- the curve 51b shown in FIG. 4 shows the relationship when there is resonance, and the curve 51a shows the relationship when there is no resonance.
- a curve 51a shown in FIG. 4 shows a current value waveform in a non-resonance state, and a curve 51b shows a current value waveform in a resonance state.
- the inventors have found that the current pulsation value of the fan motor 3 increases at a certain fan rotation speed [Hz] when in a resonance state as shown by a curve 51b in FIG. This is different from the current pulsation value that occurs when the propeller fan 2 is damaged.
- the current pulsation value increases regardless of the rotation speed due to the unbalance of the propeller fan 2 itself. Therefore, when an increase in the current pulsation value is detected, if the rotation speed is changed and, as a result, the current pulsation value decreases, it is not the resonance state of the outdoor unit 1 due to damage to the propeller fan 2. Can be determined. By the way, if the resonance state of the outdoor unit 1 is canceled by changing the rotation speed, the outdoor unit 1 is rotated at the rotation speed using the rotation speed when the resonance state is canceled. Without stopping 1, it is possible to drive with less vibration, noise, and abnormal noise.
- the rotational speed of the propeller fan 2 is increased or decreased.
- the decrease in the current pulsation value Ia of the fan motor 3 is detected again after the change in the fan rotation speed, it can be determined that the rotation speed before the change is in the resonance state.
- the resonance it is desirable to increase or decrease the rotation speed of the propeller fan 2 to operate the air conditioner without resonance.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing avoidance control (part 1) when resonance is detected during operation of the air conditioner.
- S indicates each step of the flow. This flow is executed in the control unit 4 including the microcomputer of FIG.
- the control unit 4 measures current pulsation (motor current pulsation) of the fan motor 3 of the outdoor unit 1 of the air conditioner. Specifically, the current detector 5 detects the output current from the fan motor 3, and the phase detector 6 detects the magnetic pole position of the fan motor 3. Then, the pulsation detecting unit 8 extracts the pulsation of the motor current due to the torque fluctuation using the detected output current of the fan motor 3 and the mechanical angle phase.
- step S2 the control unit 4 determines the resonance of the outdoor unit 1 of the air conditioner based on the pulsation of the motor current and the rotation speed of the propeller fan 2 of the outdoor unit 1 of the air conditioner (hereinafter referred to as fan rotation speed). To do. When it determines with the outdoor unit 1 of an air conditioner not resonating, this flow is complete
- the control unit 4 changes the fan rotation speed by a predetermined rotation speed in step S3.
- the change in fan rotation speed is an increase or decrease in fan rotation speed.
- the control unit 4 increases the fan rotation speed of the air conditioner by a predetermined rotation speed (for example, 5 rpm).
- the reason for changing the fan rotation speed to the predetermined rotation speed is as follows. That is, when the fan rotation speed of the air conditioner fluctuates greatly, the amount of change in the air volume of the outdoor unit 1 increases. For this reason, the amount of heat exchange in the heat exchanger increases, and the fluctuation of the refrigerant pressure in the refrigeration cycle increases. Then, stable control of the refrigeration cycle of the air conditioner is disturbed.
- the resonance point is near the natural frequency of the system in which the air conditioner is installed. Therefore, from the influence on the refrigeration cycle and the characteristic of the resonance phenomenon, it is desirable that the change (increase here) of the fan rotation speed is about 5 rpm at most (one step).
- whether to change the fan rotation speed to increase or decrease is as follows. That is, when the fan rotation speed is increased and the air volume is increased while the heat exchanger of the refrigeration cycle is operating as an evaporator as in the outdoor unit 1 of the air conditioner during heating operation at a low outdoor temperature, the refrigerant pressure is increased. The evaporation temperature decreases and frosting increases. When there is a problem in the operation of the air conditioner, the change of the fan rotation speed is decreased instead of being increased. Resonance is avoided by reducing the fan speed.
- step S4 the control unit 4 determines whether or not a predetermined time has elapsed after changing the fan rotation speed by a predetermined rotation speed, and is determined from a predetermined time (measured data until the system becomes stable, which is short. If the system cannot obtain valid data after stabilization, and if it is long, the resonance avoidance control is delayed), it is determined that the system is stable, and the process proceeds to step S5.
- step S5 the control unit 4 determines the resonance of the outdoor unit 1 of the air conditioner based on the pulsation of the motor current and the fan rotation speed after the fan rotation speed change (increase or decrease).
- step S6 determines in step S6 that this resonance is resonance due to an abnormal state ("abnormality determination"). Then, this flow is finished. In the case of this abnormality determination, the control unit 4 performs control to notify the user to that effect by failure notification control (not shown) and to stop the fan motor 3 when an abnormality is detected.
- step S5 If it is determined in step S5 that the outdoor unit 1 of the air conditioner is not resonating, the control unit 4 determines in step S7 that the air conditioner has exited the resonance point, and determines the fan rotation speed (changed fan rotation). (Speed) is maintained and this flow ends. Thereafter, the air conditioner continues to operate at the changed fan rotation speed.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing avoidance control (part 2) when resonance is detected during operation of the air conditioner.
- This avoidance control is executed in the control unit 4 including the microcomputer of FIG.
- the control unit 4 calculates the fan rotation speed change width ⁇ F in step S11. Since the rotational speed change width ⁇ F changes depending on the refrigerant pressure and each temperature of the refrigeration cycle, the control unit 4 sequentially calculates the fan rotational speed change width ⁇ F.
- step S14 the control unit 4 determines resonance of the outdoor unit 1 of the air conditioner when the fan rotation speed is changed. Specifically, the resonance of the outdoor unit 1 of the air conditioner is determined based on the pulsation of the motor current and the fan rotation speed after the fan rotation speed change width ⁇ F.
- step S16 the control unit 4 increases (increases) the fan rotation speed by a predetermined rotation speed (for example, 10 rpm) and returns to step S14.
- a predetermined rotation speed for example, 10 rpm
- the increase / decrease in the rotation speed during the resonance avoidance control is preferably within about 10 rpm.
- the reason why the increase / decrease width of the fan rotation speed is limited to the predetermined rotation speed is to prevent the heat exchange amount from increasing / decreasing due to the increase / decrease in the air volume, and not affecting the performance of the air conditioner.
- step S18 the control unit 4 decreases (decreases) the fan rotation speed by a predetermined rotation speed (for example, 10 rpm) and returns to step S14.
- a predetermined rotation speed for example, 10 rpm
- the rotation speed is increased (step S16).
- the rotation speed is decreased (step S18). If F ⁇ Fmax in step S17, the process proceeds to step S19.
- step S19 the control unit 4 determines whether or not the fan rotation speed change width ⁇ F is larger than 0 ( ⁇ F> 0).
- step S19 ⁇ YES When the fan rotation speed change width ⁇ F is larger than 0 ( ⁇ F> 0) (step S19 ⁇ YES), the control unit 4 increases the fan rotation speed by a predetermined rotation speed (for example, 10 rpm) in step S20 and returns to step S14. . If the fan rotation speed change width ⁇ F is equal to or less than 0 ( ⁇ F ⁇ 0), the step S21 control unit 4 decreases the fan rotation speed by a predetermined rotation speed (for example, 10 rpm) and returns to step S14. Steps S14 to S21 correspond to the steps of resonance avoidance control. On the other hand, if it is determined in step S14 that the outdoor unit 1 of the air conditioner has not resonated even after the fan rotation speed has been changed, this flow ends.
- a predetermined rotation speed for example, 10 rpm
- the outdoor unit 1 of the air conditioner detects the propeller fan 2 that blows air to the heat exchanger, the fan motor 3 that drives the propeller fan 2, and the current value of the fan motor 3.
- Current detecting unit 5 for detecting the phase detecting unit 6 for detecting the magnetic pole position of the fan motor 3, the fan rotational speed detecting unit 7 for detecting the rotational speed of the fan motor 3, and the detected current value and magnetic pole position of the fan motor 3.
- a pulsation detector 8 that detects pulsation of the current value based on the current value, and a resonance determination that determines the resonance of the system of the outdoor unit having the fan motor 3 or the housing of the indoor unit based on the detected pulsation of the current value and the fan rotation speed Part 9.
- the control unit 4 executes resonance avoidance control that increases or decreases the fan rotation speed by a predetermined rotation speed.
- This configuration eliminates the need for an advanced high processing capacity microcomputer or vibration sensor, so that the resonance of the enclosure of the outdoor unit 1 of the air conditioner can be detected accurately at low cost.
- the control unit 4 instructs to increase or decrease the fan rotation speed and determines the resonance again, so that the resonance stops the operation of the air conditioner. It is possible to discriminate between abnormal resonances that do not and resonances that are not. In other words, erroneous determination of resonance can be prevented, and the detection accuracy of resonance can be improved.
- the operation of the air conditioner can be continued by maintaining the changed fan rotation speed.
- casing of the outdoor unit 1 of an air conditioner is determined, it becomes possible to avoid the resonance which considered the field construction state.
- the resonance of the outdoor unit or indoor unit of the air conditioner can be accurately detected at low cost, and an air conditioner that can be stably operated with less vibration, noise, and abnormal noise can be realized. .
- FIG. 7 and FIG. 8 are diagrams for explaining a construction example of the air conditioner according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 shows an example in which the outdoor unit 100 of the air conditioner is constructed on a vibration isolation stand
- FIG. 8 shows an example in which the outdoor unit 100 of the air conditioner is constructed on a mold stand in a snowfall area.
- the outdoor unit 100 of the air conditioner according to the present embodiment includes a blower 101 on a housing and a leg 102 at the bottom.
- the front surface of the housing is provided with a front cover 100a and a service cover 100b, and includes a left and right side surface 100c and a heat exchanger 100d from the left and right side surfaces to the back surface.
- the outdoor unit 100 is installed on the anti-vibration racks 103 and 104.
- Anti-vibration rubber 105 is sandwiched between the anti-vibration stands 103 and 104.
- the outdoor unit 100 of the air conditioner is often installed on the building rooftop. Moreover, since the fan, the compressor, and the like of the blower have a motor, vibration is generated during operation.
- the main vibration limits of the outdoor unit 100 are as follows. When the outdoor unit 100 of the air conditioner is fixed directly to the building, the vibration of the outdoor unit 100 is transmitted to the housing of the building, the vibration is also transmitted to the living space of the building, and depending on the strength of the vibration The comfort of the building occupants will be impaired.
- the anti-vibration racks 103 and 104 are installed in the building, and the outdoor unit 100 of the air conditioner is placed on the anti-vibration racks 103 and 104.
- Anti-vibration rubbers 105 are provided on the anti-vibration bases 103 and 104.
- the natural frequency in the system including the outdoor unit 100 and the anti-vibration bases 103 and 104 is the height of the anti-vibration bases 103 and 104, the number of the outdoor units 100 placed on one anti-vibration base 103 and 104, and the like. Depending on the installation status of the air conditioner, it varies.
- the spring constant of the anti-vibration rubber 105 of the anti-vibration racks 103 and 104 varies depending on the temperature
- the natural frequency in the system including the outdoor unit 100 and the anti-vibration racks 103 and 104 varies depending on the season.
- the outdoor unit 100 of the air conditioner when the outdoor unit 100 of the air conditioner is constructed on a mold base in a snowfall area, the outdoor unit 100 is installed on the anti-vibration base 103.
- the anti-vibration frame 103 is installed on a high-leg frame 106.
- the gantry 106 is a gantry having a height higher than the assumed snow cover, and the outdoor unit 100 of the air conditioner is installed on a vibration isolation gantry 103 on the gantry 106.
- the height of the gantry 106 varies depending on snow conditions in the area. If the height of the gantry 106 is different, the natural frequency in the system including the outdoor unit 100, the vibration isolation gantry 103, and the gantry 106 is different.
- the outdoor unit 100 of the air conditioner according to the present embodiment performs the resonance determination of the entire system by detecting the pulsation of the motor current described in the first embodiment of the outdoor unit 100 of the air conditioner according to the present embodiment. It is mounted on a control unit (not shown). That is, the control unit 4 of the outdoor unit 1 of the air conditioner shown in FIG. 1 is mounted as the control unit of the outdoor unit 100 of the air conditioner according to the present embodiment, and the resonance shown in the flow of FIG. 5 or FIG. Execute avoidance control.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a construction example of the indoor unit 200 for an air conditioner according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- the indoor unit 200 of the air conditioner according to the present embodiment is a suspension type in which the housing 200 ⁇ / b> A is suspended so as to face the ceiling surface 204.
- a decorative board 201 is attached to the ceiling surface 204 side of the casing 200A.
- the indoor unit 200 is suspended and fixed to the building housing 205 by a suspension bolt 203 installed in the building housing 205 and a hanging metal fitting 202 provided in the housing 200A.
- a suspension bolt 203 installed in the building housing 205 and a hanging metal fitting 202 provided in the housing 200A.
- the intervals between the indoor unit 200 and the building housing 205 and the intervals between the indoor units 200 are instructed by the installation inspection procedure manual.
- the length of the suspension bolt 203 varies depending on the building. Therefore, the natural frequency of the indoor unit 200 of the air conditioner including the suspension bolt 203 is different.
- the indoor unit 200 of the air conditioner according to the present embodiment performs the resonance determination of the entire system by detecting the pulsation of the motor current described in the first embodiment of the indoor unit 200 of the air conditioner according to the present embodiment. It is mounted on a control unit (not shown). That is, the control unit 4 of the outdoor unit 1 of the air conditioner shown in FIG. 1 is mounted as the control unit of the indoor unit 200 of the air conditioner according to the present embodiment, and the resonance shown in the flow of FIG. 5 or FIG. Execute avoidance control. Thereby, in the indoor unit 200 of the air conditioner according to the present embodiment, it is possible to determine the resonance of the entire system after construction. By reflecting this resonance determination in the blower rotational speed control of the indoor unit 200, resonance can be avoided and unpleasant factors such as vibration and noise can be reduced for the user of the air conditioner.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining a construction example of the outdoor unit of the air conditioner according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- This embodiment is an example when the outdoor unit 100 of the air conditioner according to this embodiment includes a plurality of fans 101a, 101b, 101c, and 101d.
- the air conditioner 100 of the air conditioner according to the present embodiment includes a plurality of blowers 101a, 101b, 101c, and 101d.
- the outdoor unit 100 including a plurality of fans 101a, 101b, 101c, and 101d the resonance determination of the entire system based on the detection of the pulsation of the motor current described in the first embodiment is performed according to the present embodiment for each fan.
- the resonance avoidance control similar to that of the first embodiment may be executed for each fan. However, when the plurality of fans 101a, 101b, 101c, and 101d are provided, the following resonance avoidance control is performed. Better.
- the blower 101a is set so that the fan rotation speed change width ⁇ F (see FIG. 6) of the blowers 101a, 101b, 101c, and 101d is 0 rpm in total. , 101b, 101c, 101d, it is desirable to change the fan rotation speed.
- the fan rotation speed is changed so that the fan rotation speed change width ⁇ F becomes 0 rpm in total, such as +5 rpm for the blower 101a, + 10rpm for the blower 101b, -10rpm for the blower 101c, and -5rpm for the blower 101d.
- the air volume change while avoiding resonance from the natural frequency in the system where the outdoor unit 100 of the air conditioner is installed Can be made as small as possible.
Abstract
Description
空気調和機の室外機送風機の多くに採用されるプロペラファンや、室内機、例えば天井カセット型4方向吹き出し機に使用されるターボファン等には、樹脂材料による射出成型品が多く用いられている。樹脂材料による射出成型品は、板金製ではないため、形状自由度が高く大量生産に有利であり、高効率且つ低騒音、低コストを実現することができる。
一般に、空気調和機の室外機では、送風機のファンは外気温や空気調和機を構成する冷凍サイクル内の冷媒温度などから演算し、約100rpmから約1000rpm程度まで、幅広い回転速度で送風している。
そのため、空気調和機の筐体との共振により、振動や騒音が特定の回転速度において大きくなってしまうことがある。共振による振動や騒音の増大は、空気調和機使用者にとって大きな問題となるため、予め空気調和機の筐体との共振が発生する回転速度を調査し、その回転速度を使用しないような制御等、工夫がなされている。
また、東北や北海道、北陸地方では、空気調和機の室外機熱交換器が積雪にて埋まってしまわないようにするため、積雪を考慮した高さに室外機を据え付けるべく、架台を作成しその上に室外機を設置する場合がある。
さらに、空気調和機の室内機については、室内機を施工する際、建物の構造により室内機を吊るための釣りボルトの長さも、施工場所によってそれぞれ異なる。このため、空気調和機を吊った状態での固有振動数は施工条件によって少しずつ異なる。
これらの場合、現地の施工状態によって、空気調和機室外機と架台を一体とした固有振動値は異なることになる。
また、特許文献2記載の空気調和機では、突風や地震、保守点検の際の振動等外乱により振動センサが誤検知してしまう虞れがある。また、振動センサを必要とするため、コストが増大するという問題がある。
(第1の実施形態)
図1は、本発明の第1の実施形態に係る空気調和機の室外機1の構成を示す図である。空気調和機は、室外機と図示しない室内機が、冷媒配管により接続されて冷凍サイクルを構成し、空気調和を行うものである。
図1に示すように、空気調和機の室外機1は、図示しない室外側熱交換器に送風するプロペラファン2と、プロペラファン2を回転駆動するファンモータ3と、ファンモータ3を所望の回転速度となるように回転自在に駆動制御するとともに、共振回避制御を実行する制御部4(制御手段)と、を備える。
制御部4は、共振判定部9の共振判定結果に基づいて、ファンモータ3の回転速度を調整し、共振状態から回避する。すなわち、制御部4は、共振判定部9が共振と判定すると、ファン1の回転速度を調整して、共振状態から回避できるかを試みる。
共振判定部9は、制御部4によるファン回転速度の増加または減少制御後に、再度、共振判定を試み、共振を判定しない場合、制御部4は、当該ファン回転速度による運転を継続する。
まず、プロペラファン2の共振に起因するトルク変動によるモータ電流の脈動の検出方法について述べる。
図2は、上記脈動検出部8の構成例を示す図である。
まず、電流検出部5は、ファンモータ3からの三相の出力電流(Iu、Iv、Iw)を検出する。具体的には、ファンモータ3を駆動するインバータ(図示省略)の直流部分に流れる電流をシャント抵抗(図示省略)の両端に発生する電圧から測定する。そして、制御部4内の図示しない電流演算部によって、モータ電流(Iu、Iv、Iw)を導出する。なお、モータ電流(Iu、Iv、Iw)の検出方法には、モータ電流の出力部に抵抗値の小さい抵抗を接続し、その抵抗にかかる電圧からの検出や、電流センサによる検出等様々な方法がある。
検出したモータ電流(Iu、Iv、Iw)を、次式(1)に従って、αβ変換、dq変換の順に変換し、その結果を1次遅れフィルタ処理することで、脈動検出部8の入力値となる、q軸電流フィードバック値を算出する。
Δθr=Δθdc/極対数 …(2)
ここで、1次遅れフィルタ処理の時定数の設定値の設定には、実機による試験を基に、トルク脈動の周期を抽出できるようにシミュレーションにより設定する。すなわち、フィルタ時定数の設定には脈動成分を抽出するためにフィルタ時定数を脈動周期より大きくする必要があるため、トルク脈動が発生するプロペラファン2の回転周期に対しそれよりも大きい時定数を設定する。1次遅れフィルタ処理72後、再度sinθr、cosθrをかけ、足し合わせ、調整ゲインKにより脈動成分の調整を行うことで、機械角位相θrの周期で脈動する成分のみを抽出することができる。サンプリング周期、フィルタ時定数の設定値の一例を図2に示す。
図3は、空気調和機の共振時における電流の脈動を示す波形図である。図3に示す曲線50aは、非共振状態の電流値波形を示し、曲線50bは、共振状態のときの電流値波形を示している。
図1に示す電流検出部5は、時々刻々ファンモータ電流を検出している。
空気調和機の室外機1または室内機が共振状態にある場合、ファンモータ3のトルク変動が非共振時と比較して大きくなり、それがファンモータ3の印加電流にも発生する。このため、図3の曲線50bに示すように、電流平均値Imに対する脈動(もしくは振幅)Iaが大きくなる。ファンモータ3の回転速度が増大するにつれ、印加電流も大きくなるため、電流平均値Imも増加する。電流脈動値Iaによって、共振判定が可能になる。
図4に示す曲線51bは共振がある場合、曲線51aは共振がない場合の関係を示す。
図4に示す曲線51aは、非共振状態の電流値波形を示し、曲線51bは共振状態のときの電流値波形を示している。本発明者らは、図4の曲線51bに示すように、共振状態にある場合、あるファン回転速度[Hz]において、ファンモータ3の電流脈動値が増大することを見出した。この点、プロペラファン2が万が一損傷した場合に生じる電流脈動値とは異なる。すなわち、プロペラファン2が損傷した場合には、プロペラファン2自身のアンバランスにより、回転速度によらずに電流脈動値が増大する。したがって、電流脈動値の増大を検出した場合に、回転速度を変えてみて、その結果、当該電流脈動値が減少するのであれば、プロペラファン2の損傷によるような室外機1の共振状態ではないと判定できる。ちなみに、回転速度を変えてみて室外機1の共振状態が解消した場合、当該共振状態が解消したときの回転速度を用いて、当該回転速度で室外機1を回転させるようにすれば、室外機1を停止させずに、振動や騒音、異音を少なくして運転することが可能になる。
図5は、空気調和機の運転中に共振を検知した場合の回避制御(その1)を示すフローチャートである。図中、Sはフローの各ステップを示す。本フローは、図1のマイクロコンピュータ等からなる制御部4において実行される。
空気調和機の運転中において、ステップS1で制御部4は、空気調和機の室外機1のファンモータ3の電流脈動(モータ電流の脈動)を計測する。すなわち、具体的には、電流検出部5は、ファンモータ3からの出力電流を検出するとともに、位相検出部6はファンモータ3の磁極位置を検出する。そして、脈動検出部8は、検出したファンモータ3の出力電流と機械角位相を用いてトルク変動によるモータ電流の脈動を抽出する。
ステップS2では、制御部4は、モータ電流の脈動と空気調和機の室外機1のプロペラファン2の回転速度(以下、ファン回転速度という)に基づいて空気調和機の室外機1の共振を判定する。空気調和機の室外機1が共振していないと判定した場合は、本フローを終了する。
ステップS5では、制御部4は、ファン回転速度変更(増加または減少)後における、モータ電流の脈動とファン回転速度に基づいて空気調和機の室外機1の共振を判定する。
ファン回転速度変更後においても空気調和機の室外機1が共振していると判定した場合、ステップS6で制御部4は、この共振が異常な状態による共振であると判定(「異常判定」)して本フローを終了する。なお、この異常判定の場合、制御部4は図示しない故障報知制御によって、ユーザにその旨を報知する、また異常を検出したとしてファンモータ3を停止する制御を行う。
図6は、空気調和機の運転中に共振を検知した場合の回避制御(その2)を示すフローチャートである。本回避制御は、図1のマイクロコンピュータ等からなる制御部4において実行される。
空気調和機の運転中において、ステップS11で制御部4は、ファン回転速度変化幅ΔFを計算する。冷凍サイクルの冷媒圧力や各温度によって回転速度変化幅ΔFは変化するので、制御部4は、ファン回転速度変化幅ΔFを逐次計算する。
ステップS12で制御部4は、ファン回転速度変化幅ΔFが0か(ΔF=0か)否かを判別し、ΔF=0の場合は、回転速度変化幅ΔFは変化ないと判断して本フローを終了する。
ΔF≠0の場合は、ステップS13で制御部4は、現在のファン回転速度FをΔFだけ変更してステップS14に進む。
空気調和機の室外機1が共振していると判定した場合、ステップS15で制御部4は、現在のファン回転速度Fがファン仕様最小回転速度Fminとなったか(F=Fminか)否かを判別する。
上記ステップS15でF≠Fminの場合は、ステップS17に進む。
ステップS17で制御部4は、現在のファン回転速度Fがファン仕様最大回転速度Fmaxとなったか(F=Fmaxか)否かを判別する。
このように、ファン回転速度が変更となった時に共振を判定し(ステップS14)、ファン回転速度が仕様の範囲最小の場合(ステップS15→YES)には回転速度を増加させ(ステップS16)、ファン回転速度が仕様の範囲最大の場合(ステップS17→YES)には回転速度を減少させる(ステップS18)。
上記ステップS17でF≠Fmaxの場合は、ステップS19に進む。
ステップS19で制御部4は、ファン回転速度変化幅ΔFが0より大きいか(ΔF>0か)否かを判別する。
なお、上記ステップS14~ステップS21が共振回避制御の各ステップに相当する。
一方、上記ステップS14でファン回転速度変更後においても空気調和機の室外機1が共振していないと判定した場合、本フローを終了する。
このように、安価に空気調和機の室外機もしくは室内機の共振を精度よく検出することができ、より振動や騒音、異音の少なくかつ安定して運転できる空気調和機を実現することができる。
図7および図8は、本発明の第2の実施形態に係る空気調和機の施工例を説明する図である。図7は、空気調和機の室外機100が防振架台上に施工された例を、図8は、空気調和機の室外機100が降雪地域の型架台に施工された例を示す。
図7に示すように、本実施形態の空気調和機の室外機100は、筺体の上に送風機101を備え、底部に脚部102を備える。また、この筺体の前面には、正面カバー100aおよびサービスカバー100bを備え、左右の側面100c、および左右側面から背面にかけての熱交換器100dにより構成されている。
また、室外機100は、防振架台103,104に設置される。防振架台103と104には、防振ゴム105が挟まれている。
そこで、本実施形態に係る空気調和機の室外機100は、第1の実施形態で述べた、モータ電流の脈動検出による系全体の共振判定を本実施形態に係る空気調和機の室外機100の制御部(図示省略)に搭載する。すなわち、本実施形態に係る空気調和機の室外機100の制御部として、前記図1に示す空気調和機の室外機1の制御部4を搭載し、前記図5または図6のフローに示す共振回避制御を実行する。
したがって、本実施形態によれば、様々な施工状態においても共振を回避することができる。
また、本実施形態では、送風機のファンによる吹き出しが上吹き型の室外機を例として示しているが、横吹き型の室外機であっても、本振動判定方法は同様なため、同様の効果を得ることができる。
第1および第2の実施形態では、本発明を本実施形態に係る空気調和機の室外機に適用した例について説明したが、空気調和機の室内機に適用してもよい。
図9は、本発明の第3の実施形態に係る空気調和機の室内機200の施工例を説明する図である。
図9に示すように、本実施形態に係る空気調和機の室内機200は、筺体200Aが天井面204に向かうよう吊下げられる懸架タイプである。筺体200Aの天井面204側には、化粧板201が取り付けられる。
室内機200は、建築物躯体205に設置された吊ボルト203と筺体200A内に備えられた吊金具202によって建築物躯体205に懸架・固定されている。なお、天井内に埋め込まれるタイプの室内機や、店舗等でみられるような室内機をむき出しに設置する場合でも同様の形態である。
室内機200と建築物躯体205の間隔をとることや、室内機200各々の間隔等は、据付点検要領書により指導されている。しかし、建築物それぞれによって建築物躯体205と天井面204の距離は異なるため、建築物それぞれで吊ボルト203の長さは異なる。したがって、吊ボルト203まで含めた空気調和機の室内機200の固有振動数は異なることになる。
これにより、本実施形態に係る空気調和機の室内機200において、施工後の系全体の共振を判定することが可能となる。この共振判定を室内機200の送風機回転速度制御に反映することにより、共振を回避し、空気調和機の利用者にとって振動や、騒音等の不快要因を低減することができる。
図10は、本発明の第4の実施形態に係る空気調和機の室外機の施工例を説明する図である。
本実施形態は、本実施形態に係る空気調和機の室外機100に複数の送風機101a,101b,101c,101dが備えられる場合の例である。
図10に示すように、本実施形態に係る空気調和機の空気調和機100は、複数の送風機101a,101b,101c,101dを備えている。
複数の送風機101a,101b,101c,101dを備える室外機100において、個々のファンに対し、第1の実施形態で述べた、モータ電流の脈動検出による系全体の共振判定を本実施形態に係る空気調和機の室外機100の制御部(図示省略)に搭載し、前記図5または図6のフローに示す共振回避制御を実行する。
このように個々のファンに対し、第1の実施形態と同様の共振回避制御を実行してもよいが、複数の送風機101a,101b,101c,101dを備える場合、下記の共振回避制御を行うとよりよい。
2 プロペラファン
3 ファンモータ
4 制御部(制御手段)
5 電流検出部(電流検出手段)
6 位相検出部(位相検出手段)
7 ファン回転速度検出部(回転速度検出手段)
8 脈動検出部(脈動検出手段)
9 共振判定部(共振判定手段)
101,101a,101b,101c,101d 送風機
102 脚部
103,104 防振架台
105 防振ゴム
106 架台
200 室内機
200A 筺体
Claims (6)
- 熱交換器に送風するファンと、
前記ファンを駆動するモータと、
前記モータの回転速度を検出する回転速度検出手段と、
前記モータの電流値を検出する電流検出手段と、
前記モータの磁極位置を検出する位相検出手段と、
検出した前記モータの電流値および磁極位置に基づいて電流値の脈動を検出する脈動検出手段と、
検出した前記電流値の脈動および前記回転速度に基づき、前記モータを有する室外機または室内機の筺体の共振を判定する共振判定手段と、を備える
ことを特徴とする空気調和機。 - 前記共振判定手段が前記共振と判定した場合、前記回転速度を所定回転速度分増加または減少させる制御手段を備える
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の空気調和機。 - 前記共振判定手段は、
前記制御手段による前記回転速度の増加または減少制御後に、再度、前記共振判定を試み、共振を判定した場合には異常な共振であると判定する
ことを特徴とする請求項2に記載の空気調和機。 - 前記共振判定手段は、
前記制御手段による前記回転速度の増加または減少制御後に、再度、前記共振判定を試み、
共振を判定しない場合、前記制御手段は、当該回転速度による運転を継続する
ことを特徴とする請求項2に記載の空気調和機。 - 前記ファンを複数台備え、
前記制御手段は、
各ファンが所定の回転速度で運転しているときに、前記共振判定手段が共振と判定した場合、各ファンの平均回転速度が前記所定の回転速度となるように各モータの回転速度を増加または減少させる
ことを特徴とする請求項2に記載の空気調和機。 - 前記共振判定手段は、
前記室外機または室内機の筺体の施工後の系の共振を判定する
ことを特徴とする請求項1ないし5のいずれか一項に記載の空気調和機。
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JP2017510824A JP6499752B2 (ja) | 2015-04-07 | 2015-04-07 | 空気調和機 |
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EP15888433.8A EP3282202B1 (en) | 2015-04-07 | 2015-04-07 | Air conditioner |
PCT/JP2015/060811 WO2016162939A1 (ja) | 2015-04-07 | 2015-04-07 | 空気調和機 |
US15/562,514 US10274211B2 (en) | 2015-04-07 | 2015-04-07 | Air conditioner |
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US10274211B2 (en) | 2019-04-30 |
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CN107429931A (zh) | 2017-12-01 |
US20180094822A1 (en) | 2018-04-05 |
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