WO2016065874A1 - 一种具有抽风或者送风功能的电器设备的恒风量控制方法 - Google Patents

一种具有抽风或者送风功能的电器设备的恒风量控制方法 Download PDF

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WO2016065874A1
WO2016065874A1 PCT/CN2015/077456 CN2015077456W WO2016065874A1 WO 2016065874 A1 WO2016065874 A1 WO 2016065874A1 CN 2015077456 W CN2015077456 W CN 2015077456W WO 2016065874 A1 WO2016065874 A1 WO 2016065874A1
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Prior art keywords
air volume
motor
speed
constant
function
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PCT/CN2015/077456
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English (en)
French (fr)
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王继忠
周一桥
张政
胡戈
张先胜
赵勇
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中山大洋电机股份有限公司
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Priority to CA2950794A priority Critical patent/CA2950794C/en
Priority to MX2016016429A priority patent/MX2016016429A/es
Publication of WO2016065874A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016065874A1/zh
Priority to US15/331,904 priority patent/US10539939B2/en

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    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05BCONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B17/00Systems involving the use of models or simulators of said systems
    • G05B17/02Systems involving the use of models or simulators of said systems electric
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24FAIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/70Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof
    • F24F11/72Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the supply of treated air, e.g. its pressure
    • F24F11/74Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the supply of treated air, e.g. its pressure for controlling air flow rate or air velocity
    • F24F11/75Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the supply of treated air, e.g. its pressure for controlling air flow rate or air velocity for maintaining constant air flow rate or air velocity
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24FAIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/62Control or safety arrangements characterised by the type of control or by internal processing, e.g. using fuzzy logic, adaptive control or estimation of values
    • F24F11/63Electronic processing
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/70Efficient control or regulation technologies, e.g. for control of refrigerant flow, motor or heating

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a constant air volume control method for an electric appliance having a function of drawing air or blowing air.
  • Constant air volume control can provide users with a constant air volume under these conditions, thus maintaining comfortable ventilation, cooling or heating effects under a wide range of static pressure conditions, and making the system operation energy efficient.
  • the general constant air volume control method is to directly install the air flow meter, which not only increases the cost, but also brings potential control failure due to the failure of the air flow meter.
  • air conditioner manufacturers usually adopt a constant air volume control method without a wind meter, and some have to monitor the static pressure. The change is to adjust the speed.
  • Some calculation formulas involve logarithmic calculation or high-order polynomial, which requires the MCU of the motor controller to have a relatively large calculation capacity, which further increases the cost.
  • the constant air volume control mainly relies on the motor controller inside the PM motor, the PM motor is the abbreviation of the DC brushless permanent magnet synchronous motor, which can also be called the ECM motor, the PM motor has the motor controller, and the motor controller is installed.
  • the motor controller On the motor unit, the motor controller is installed in the air duct of the electrical equipment together with the motor unit, the motor controller will occupy part of the space inside the air duct, affecting the air supply efficiency of the electrical equipment, and the volume of the DC motor is relatively Larger, it will cause installation troubles, and the manufacturing cost of the motor controller is relatively high, which affects its market competitiveness.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a constant air volume control method for an electric appliance having a function of drawing or blowing air, using a motor unit without a controller, and the main constant air volume control method is concentrated on the system controller
  • the main control circuit board, and the algorithm is simple, which greatly saves costs and simplifies product structure.
  • a constant air volume control method for an electric appliance having a function of exhausting or blowing air the electric appliance comprises a motor, a wind wheel, a power supply part and a system controller, and the system controller has a main control circuit board for realizing the function of the electric equipment itself
  • the main control circuit board driving motor drives the wind wheel to rotate, wherein: the motor unit is a motor unit without a controller, including a rotating shaft, a permanent magnet rotor assembly, a stator assembly and a casing assembly, and a permanent magnet rotor assembly.
  • a permanent magnet is mounted thereon, the permanent magnet rotor assembly and the stator assembly form a magnetic coupling, and the stator assembly includes a stator core and a coil winding wound on the stator core;
  • the main control circuit board is provided with a microprocessor and a reverse
  • the variable circuit and the motor operating parameter detecting circuit, the operating parameter detecting circuit inputs the real-time running parameter of the motor to the microprocessor, the output end of the microprocessor controls the inverter circuit, and the output end of the inverter circuit is connected with the coil winding; the characteristic is:
  • the control method includes the following steps:
  • the plurality of air volume points CFMi described above include the maximum output air volume and the minimum output air volume.
  • the speed point n1 corresponds to Q11, Q21
  • the speed point n2 corresponds to Q12, Q22
  • the speed point n3 corresponds to Q13, Q23;
  • Step 2) Calculate the weight value: Using the weight value to calculate the values Q01, Q02 and Q03 of Q0 in the constant air volume control function of the three speed points n1, n2, n3 corresponding to the target air volume value IN-CFM,
  • the above-mentioned electrical equipment is an air conditioning system
  • the main control circuit board is the main control board of the air conditioner controller
  • the main control board of the air conditioner controller is also connected with the compressor and the expansion valve and the like.
  • the electrical equipment mentioned above is a range hood
  • the main control circuit board is a main control panel of the range hood
  • the main control panel of the range hood further comprises a display circuit and a key input circuit, a display circuit and a key input circuit and a microprocessor. connection.
  • the M air volume points described above refer to at least five.
  • the invention has the following effects:
  • the algorithm is simple, and the motor unit without the controller is used.
  • the main constant air volume control method is concentrated on the system controller.
  • the main control circuit board which greatly saves costs and simplifies the product structure.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a perspective view of the motor unit of the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the motor unit of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the installation of an air conditioner application according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing an implementation circuit of the present invention.
  • Embodiment 6 is a control flow chart of Embodiment 1 of the constant air volume control method of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a constant air volume control function for solving an arbitrary input air volume by using an interpolation method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic view showing the installation of the second embodiment of the constant air volume control method of the present invention.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic block diagram of a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 12 is a curve fitting diagram of Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a detailed block schematic diagram of Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • an air blowing system such as a gas stove or an air handler
  • the figure is replaced by "motor unit + wind wheel" in the pipeline.
  • the air filter When the motor starts, the air blows. Since the number of air outlets and air inlets is related to the number of rooms, there is no uniform standard for the design of the pipeline. At the same time, the air filter may have different pressure drops. A constant air volume must have a good technical solution.
  • the invention relates to a constant air volume control method for an electric appliance with a ventilation or air supply function
  • the electric appliance comprises a motor, a wind wheel, a power supply part and a system controller
  • the system controller has a main function for realizing the function of the electric device itself
  • Control circuit board the main control circuit board drive motor drives the wind wheel to rotate
  • the motor unit is a motor unit without a controller, including a rotating shaft, a permanent magnet rotor assembly, a stator assembly and a casing assembly, forever
  • a permanent magnet is mounted on the magnetic rotor assembly, the permanent magnet rotor assembly and the stator assembly form a magnetic coupling
  • the stator assembly includes a stator core and a coil winding wound on the stator core
  • the main control circuit board is arranged with a micro processing
  • the inverter, the inverter circuit and the motor operating parameter detecting circuit, the operating parameter detecting circuit inputs the real-time running parameter of the motor to the microprocessor, the output end of the microprocessor
  • the motor is a motor unit 1, and the motor unit 1 includes a stator assembly 12, a rotor assembly 13 and a casing assembly 11, and the stator assembly 13 is mounted on the casing assembly 11, the motor unit
  • the body 1 is mounted with a Hall sensor 14 (shown in Figure 5) for detecting the position of the rotor.
  • the rotor assembly 13 is assembled inside or outside the stator assembly 12.
  • the rotor position measuring circuit detects the rotor position signal and inputs it to the microprocessor, bus current.
  • the detecting circuit inputs the detected bus circuit to the microprocessor, the bus voltage detecting circuit inputs the DC bus voltage to the microprocessor, the microprocessor controls the inverter circuit, and the inverter circuit controls the on and off of the coil windings of the respective phases of the stator assembly 12. Electricity.
  • the plurality of air volume points CFMi described above include the maximum output air volume and the minimum output air volume.
  • Step 2) Calculate the weight value: Using the weight value to calculate the values Q01, Q02 and Q03 of Q0 in the constant air volume control function of the three speed points n1, n2, n3 corresponding to the target air volume value IN-CFM,
  • the electrical equipment of the present invention is an air conditioner, which has an air conditioning system controller, the system controller has a main control circuit board for realizing the function of the air conditioner itself, and the main control circuit board is arranged with a microprocessor.
  • the inverter circuit and the motor running parameter detecting circuit, the operating parameter detecting circuit inputs the real-time running parameter of the motor to the microprocessor, the output end of the microprocessor controls the inverter circuit, and the output end of the inverter circuit is connected with the coil winding.
  • the air conditioning system controller adopts a direct power control constant air volume control method
  • the motor drives the wind wheel and has a stator assembly and a permanent magnet rotor assembly
  • the main control circuit board layout has a microprocessor, Inverter circuit, bus current detecting circuit, bus voltage detecting circuit and motor input power control circuit (not shown), rotor position measuring circuit detects rotor position signal and inputs it to microprocessor, and microprocessor calculates according to rotor position signal
  • the real-time speed n of the motor, the bus current detecting circuit inputs the bus current to the microprocessor, the bus voltage detecting circuit inputs the DC bus voltage to the microprocessor, the microprocessor controls the inverter circuit, and the inverter circuit controls the stator components.
  • the phase coil winding is turned off and on, and the control steps are as follows:
  • Step F if the power increment value ⁇ P is greater than or equal to the set value P set ; the power/speed control logic will calculate whether the operation time of the speed loop is reached; if the operation time of the speed loop is not reached, the existing working point is maintained;
  • the motor In the actual static pressure range, in the process of adjusting the static pressure, the motor is controlled at constant speed, and the air volume is kept as the target air volume by adjusting the motor speed n and the real-time input power of the motor Pi, and the steady state speed n of the motor and the corresponding are recorded.
  • the interpolation function may be used to calculate a function corresponding to any external input target air volume value IN-CFM. f(n). The constant air volume control of the arbitrary target air volume is realized.
  • a control model is developed that, when product control determines the air volume requirement, provides a constant air volume CFM at a specific static pressure by controlling power and speed.
  • the characteristic curve represents the constant wind volume physical characteristics that maintain control power and speed.
  • the process of curve fitting is to select a polynomial to describe the curve, and the coefficients of the polynomial can be obtained by the least squares method.
  • Figure 8 is a plot of the experimental data of the direct power control constant air volume of a 1/3HP motor unit in a small pipe air conditioning system. For a given target airflow, the system selects some typical air volume CFM as a test point. A database is used to build a mathematical model. These typical points include the minimum and maximum air volume values, with some intermediate points added. According to the product specifications, the typical air volume CFM has five test points, 150/300/450/600 and 750 CFM.
  • Table 2 shows an example of the test data results.
  • the speed of the motor ranges from 200 to 1400 rpm; the static pressure of the system ranges from 0.1 to 1 H 2 O. Maintain the preset constant air volume CCFM output and obtain a value corresponding to the motor input power of Figure 10 to form a database.
  • each predetermined CFM wind volume corresponds to a quadratic function of power and speed, obtained in a standard calculation method: these equations define the power and the speed of the operating point of any system at a particular static pressure.
  • the motor system defines a function corresponding to it, and the trajectory of its working point follows the function definition. Equations (3) through (7) can be expressed as a standard equation, and C1, C2, and C3 are constants.
  • Pi p 2i + w ⁇ (p 1i - p 2i ).
  • the weight value W is calculated like this:
  • the coefficients of C1, C2 and C3 can be calculated. Therefore, the power equation can be obtained for any required input air volume IN-CFM. Since this process is completed by the microprocessor---the microcontroller in the air-conditioning system controller, the power calculation does not need to consume more real-time CPU resources.
  • direct power control DPC uses the speed control to achieve power control.
  • the function of the power/speed control logic is to coordinate the power/speed loop time constant to ensure system stability. Control can be controlled by controlling the precise control of the motor and torque control.
  • the input power is calculated from the DC bus voltage and the DC bus current.
  • the power and speed will be limited to the maximum power P max and the speed n max .
  • the electrical equipment of the present invention is a range hood, which has a range hood system controller, and the system controller has a main control circuit board for realizing the function of the range hood itself, and the main control circuit
  • the board layout has a microprocessor, an inverter circuit, a motor operating parameter detecting circuit, an independent power supply circuit, a gear input circuit and a display circuit, a gear input circuit and a display circuit are connected to the microprocessor, and the operating parameter detecting circuit drives the motor.
  • the real-time operating parameters are input to the microprocessor, and the output of the microprocessor controls the inverter circuit, and the output of the inverter circuit is connected to the coil winding.
  • the motor operating parameter detection circuit in the figure is a 3-phase current detecting circuit.
  • the position of the rotor can be derived by detecting the three-phase current, and the vector control method is adopted. These are described in the textbook and the existing patent documents, and are not described here. More details will be described.
  • the independent power supply circuit supplies power to each part of the circuit.
  • the wind wheel is installed in the air duct.
  • the oil smoke filter is installed in the air duct.
  • the air duct has an air inlet and an air outlet.
  • the motor is a motor unit 1, and the motor unit 1 includes a stator assembly 12, a rotor assembly 13 and a casing assembly 11, and the stator assembly 13 is mounted on the casing assembly 11, the rotor assembly.
  • the set of 13 is formed on the inside or the outside of the stator assembly 12.
  • the method for controlling the constant air volume of the range hood of the present invention is as follows:
  • the m coefficient, resulting in a functional relationship T f(n).
  • a control model is developed that, when product control determines the air volume requirement, provides a constant air volume CFM at a specific static pressure by controlling the torque and speed.
  • the characteristic curve represents the constant wind volume physical characteristics that maintain control torque and speed. For all motor rated power ranges, for any type of design of the airflow system manufacturer, torque based test results and speed curves can be obtained.
  • the process of curve fitting is to select a polynomial to describe the curve, and the coefficients of the polynomial can be obtained by the least squares method.
  • any one of the target air volumes corresponds to a set of C 1 , C 2 and C 3 coefficients and is stored.
  • the microprocessor checks the table according to the input target air volume value IN-CFM.
  • the method of the first embodiment is the same as the method of the first embodiment.
  • the electrical equipment of the present invention is a range hood, which has a range hood system controller, and the system controller has a main control circuit board for realizing the function of the range hood itself, and the main control circuit board layout
  • a microprocessor an inverter circuit, a motor operating parameter detecting circuit, an independent power supply circuit, a gear input circuit and a display circuit, a gear input circuit and a display circuit are connected with the microprocessor, and the operating parameter detecting circuit drives the motor in real time.
  • Input to the microprocessor, the output of the microprocessor controls the inverter circuit,
  • the output of the inverter circuit is connected to the coil winding.
  • the motor running parameter detection circuit in the figure includes a Hall sensor.
  • the Hall sensor is mounted on the motor unit to detect the rotor position.
  • the motor running parameter detecting circuit can detect the position of the rotor, and the independent power circuit supplies power to each part of the circuit.
  • the wheel is installed inside the air duct, and a fume filter net is installed in the air duct, and the air duct has an air inlet and an air outlet.
  • the microprocessor is also connected to the bus current detecting circuit to perform constant air volume control by detecting the bus current.
  • the motor is a motor unit 1, and the motor unit 1 includes a stator assembly 12, a rotor assembly 13 and a casing assembly 11, and the stator assembly 13 is mounted on the casing assembly 11, the rotor assembly.
  • the set of 13 is formed on the inside or the outside of the stator assembly 12.
  • the method for controlling the constant air volume of the range hood of the present invention is as follows:
  • a control model is developed to provide a constant air volume CFM at a specific static pressure by controlling the DC bus current and speed when the product control determines the air volume requirement.
  • the characteristic curve represents the constant air volume physical characteristics that maintain the DC bus current and speed.
  • the rated power range of all motors can be concluded for any type of design of the airflow system manufacturer based on the DC bus current test results and speed curves.
  • the process of curve fitting is to select a polynomial to describe the curve, and the coefficients of the polynomial can be obtained by the least squares method.
  • the microprocessor obtains a corresponding set of C 1 according to the input target air volume value IN-CFM by table lookup.
  • the method is the same as the method of the first embodiment.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Air Conditioning Control Device (AREA)
  • Control Of Positive-Displacement Air Blowers (AREA)
  • Control Of Electric Motors In General (AREA)
  • Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)

Abstract

一种具有抽风或者送风功能的电器设备的恒风量控制方法,采用一个不带控制器的电机单体,在系统控制器的微处理器里面建立M个风量点CFMi对应的M个恒风量控制函数Qi=F(n),其中Q可以是输入功率或者是直流母线电流或者是力矩,n是电机的转速;接收或预设的目标风量值IN-CFM;确定目标风量值IN-CFM处于两个已知风量点CFMi和CFMi-1之间;利用确定的两个风量点CFMi和CFMi-1通过插值法计算出目标风量值IN-CFM对应的恒风量控制函数Q0=F(n);控制电机参数Q0和转速n,使电机按照恒风量控制函数Q0=F(n)的定义曲线运行,保证电器设备的风量吸入或者输出恒定。该方法算法简单,从而节省成本,简化产品结构。

Description

一种具有抽风或者送风功能的电器设备的恒风量控制方法 技术领域:
本发明涉及一种具有抽风或者送风功能的电器设备的恒风量控制方法。
背景技术:
在家用空调的室内通风管道里,静压往往随着时间的流逝而变化,比如因为管道积灰或者过滤器堵塞。静压也因为管道的安装不同而往往高于厂商实验室的标称系统时的标准静压。恒风量控制可以在这些情况下给用户带来恒定的风量,从而在广泛的静压条件下维持舒适的通风,制冷或制热的效果,并使系统运行达到高效节能。
另外,在抽油烟机的领域同样存在恒风量控制的问题,因为随着楼层的不同或者油路的积压,外部静压是不同的,如何在不同的静压下给用户带来恒定的风量,从而在广泛的静压条件下维持舒适的通风,这对我们提出了更高的要求。
一般恒风量控制方法是直接安装风量计,不仅提高成本,还带来潜在的因为风量计失效导致控制失败,当前空调厂商也通常采用无风量计的恒风量控制方法,有的要监视静压的变化来调速,有的计算公式涉及到对数计算或者高阶多项式,这需要电机控制器的MCU具有较强大的计算能力,进一步提高了成本。因为,恒风量控制主要依靠PM电机的里面的电机控制器来实现,PM电机是直流无刷永磁同步电机的简称,也可以称作ECM电机,PM电机带有电机控制器,电机控制器安装在电机单体上,电机控制器随着电机单体一起安装在电器设备的风道里面,电机控制器会占据风道里面的部分空间,影响电器设备的送风效率,而且直流电机的体积相对较大,会造成安装麻烦,电机控制器的制造成本也相对较高,影响其市场竞争力。
发明内容:
本发明的目的是提供一种具有抽风或者送风功能的电器设备的恒风量控制方法,采用不带控制器的电机单体,主要恒风量控制方法集中在系统控制器的 主控制线路板上,并且算法简单,从而大大节省成本和简化产品结构。
本发明的目的是通过下述技术方案予以实现的。
一种具有抽风或者送风功能的电器设备的恒风量控制方法,所述的电器设备包括电机、风轮、电源部分和系统控制器,系统控制器带有实现电器设备本身功能的主控制线路板,主控制线路板驱动电机带动风轮转动,其中:所述的电机单体是一个不带控制器的电机单体,包括转轴、永磁转子组件、定子组件和机壳组件,永磁转子组件上安装永磁体,永磁转子组件和定子组件形成磁藕合,定子组件包括定子铁芯和卷绕在定子铁芯上的线圈绕组;所述的主控制线路板上布局有微处理器、逆变电路和电机运行参数检测电路,运行参数检测电路将电机实时运行参数输入到微处理器,微处理器的输出端控制逆变电路,逆变电路的输出端与线圈绕组连接;其特征在于:所述的控制方法包括如下步骤:
A)在系统控制器的微处理器里面建立M个风量点CFMi对应的M个恒风量控制函数Qi=F(n),其中Q可以是输入功率或者是直流母线电流或者是力矩,n是电机的转速;i是整数,由1开始到M;
B)微处理器接收或预设的目标风量值IN-CFM;
C)启动电机,进入稳态后,比较M个风量点CFMi和目标风量值IN-CFM,确定目标风量值IN-CFM处于两个已知风量点CFMi和CFMi-1之间;
D)利用确定的两个风量点CFMi和CFMi-1通过插值法计算出目标风量值IN-CFM对应的恒风量控制函数Q0=F(n);
E)控制电机参数Q0和转速n,使电机按照恒风量控制函数Q0=F(n)的定义曲线运行,保证电器设备的风量吸入或者输出恒定。
上述所述的函数Qi=F(n)是这样获得的:先采集原始数据,在风道设备中,针对M个目标风量,从低静压一直调节到高静压,这个静压要能涵盖应用的实际静压范围,在调节静压的过程中,让电机处于恒转速控制,并通过调节电机转速n和参数Q保持风量为目标风量,并记录此时的电机稳态转速n和对应的参数Q,这样,针对M个目标风量,都产生了一组转速n和参数Q,然后通过 曲线拟合的方法产生M个目标风量中每一个目标风量对应一个函数Qi=F(n)。
上述所述若干个风量点CFMi包括最大的输出风量和最小的输出风量。
上述所述的Qi=F(n)是一个二阶函数,每个目标风量点对应的函数Q=C1+C2×n+C3×n2
上述所述的目标风量值IN-CFM对应的恒风量控制函数Q0=F(n)是这样得到的:步骤一)选定3个转速点n1、n2、n3,这3个转速点n1、n2、n3代入两个风量点CFMi和CFMi-1对应的恒风量控制函数Qi=F(n)和Qi-1=F(n),得到6个值Q11、Q21、Q12、Q22、Q13、Q23,转速点n1对应Q11、Q21,转速点n2对应Q12、Q22,转速点n3对应Q13、Q23;
步骤2)计算权重值:
Figure PCTCN2015077456-appb-000001
利用权重值计算3个转速点n1、n2、n3对应目标风量值IN-CFM的恒风量控制函数中Q0的数值Q01、Q02和Q03,
Q01=Q21+W(Q11-Q21),Q02=Q22+W(Q12-Q22),Q03=Q23+W(Q13-Q23);
步骤三)将3个转速点n1、n2、n3和与之对应的Q01、Q02和Q03代入函数Q=C1+C2×n+C3×n2,求解到系数C1、C2、C3。
上述所述的电器设备是一种空调系统,主控制线路板是空调控制器主控板,空调控制器主控板还与压缩机和膨胀阀等设备连接。
上述所述的电器设备是一种抽油烟机,主控制线路板是抽油烟机主控板,抽油烟机主控板还包括显示电路和按键输入电路,显示电路和按键输入电路与微处理器连接。
上述所述的M个风量点指至少有5个。
本发明与现有技术相比,具有如下效果:
1)本发明利用在系统控制器的微处理器里面建立M个风量点CFMi对应的M个恒风量控制函数Qi=F(n),微处理器接收或预设的目标风量值IN-CFM,比较M个风量点CFMi和目标风量值IN-CFM,确定目标风量值IN-CFM处于 两个已知风量点CFMi和CFMi-1之间,利用确定的两个风量点CFMi和CFMi-1通过插值法计算出目标风量值IN-CFM对应的恒风量控制函数Q0=F(n),然后控制电机参数Q0和转速n,使电机按照恒风量控制函数Q0=F(n)的定义曲线运行,算法简单,采用不带控制器的电机单体,主要恒风量控制方法集中在系统控制器的主控制线路板上,从而大大节省成本和简化产品结构。
2)在系统控制器的微处理器里面建立M个风量点CFMi对应的M个恒风量控制函数Qi=F(n),就可以通过权重插值计算方法得到任意输入目标风量值IN-CFM对应的恒风量控制函数Q0=F(n),方法简单,实用性强,并不需要微处理器有强大的运算能力,从而可以降低成本;
3)上述所述的函数Qi=F(n)是这样获得的:先采集原始数据,在风道设备中,针对M个目标风量,从低静压一直调节到高静压,这个静压要能涵盖应用的实际静压范围,在调节静压的过程中,让电机处于恒转速控制,并通过调节电机转速n和参数Q保持风量为目标风量,并记录此时的电机稳态转速n和对应的参数Q,这样,针对M个目标风量,都产生了一组转速n和参数Q,然后通过曲线拟合的方法产生M个目标风量中每一个目标风量对应一个函数Qi=F(n),上述M个风量点指至少有5个,可以有效保证测量的精度。
附图说明:
图1是本发明的原理结构示意图;
图2是本发明电机单体的立体图;
图3是本发明电机单体的剖视图
图4是本发明实施例一在空调应用的安装示意图;
图5是本发明的一种实施电路方框图;
图6是本发明恒风量控制方法的实施例一的控制流程图;
图7是本发明实施例一通过实验测得到得一族恒风量拟合曲线;
图8是本发明实施例一的直接功率控制恒风量的实验数据拟合曲线图;
图9是本发明实施例一利用插值法求解任意输入风量的恒风量控制函数的 原理示意图;
图10是本发明的恒风量控制方法的实施例二的安装示意图;
图11是本发明实施例二的具体方框原理图;
图12是本发明实施例二的曲线拟合图;
图13是本发明实施例三的具体方框原理图。
具体实施方式:
下面通过具体实施例并结合附图对本发明作进一步详细的描述。
如图1所示,在一个典型的通风管道(简称风道)里,安装了一个鼓风系统(如燃气炉或空气处理机),图中以″电机单体+风轮″代替,管道里还有空气过滤网,电机启动时开始鼓风,由于出风口和入风口的数量与房间数有关,管道的设计也没有统一的标准,同时空气过滤网也可能有不同的压降,如果要获得恒定的风量必需有一个好的技术方案。本发明的一种具有抽风或者送风功能的电器设备的恒风量控制方法,所述的电器设备包括电机、风轮、电源部分和系统控制器,系统控制器带有实现电器设备本身功能的主控制线路板,主控制线路板驱动电机带动风轮转动,其中:所述的电机单体是一个不带控制器的电机单体,包括转轴、永磁转子组件、定子组件和机壳组件,永磁转子组件上安装永磁体,永磁转子组件和定子组件形成磁藕合,定子组件包括定子铁芯和卷绕在定子铁芯上的线圈绕组;所述的主控制线路板上布局有微处理器、逆变电路和电机运行参数检测电路,运行参数检测电路将电机实时运行参数输入到微处理器,微处理器的输出端控制逆变电路,逆变电路的输出端与线圈绕组连接;其特征在于:所述的控制方法包括如下步骤:
A)在系统控制器的微处理器里面建立M个风量点CFMi对应的M个恒风量控制函数Qi=F(n),其中Q可以是输入功率或者是直流母线电流或者是力矩,n是电机的转速;i是整数,由1开始到M;
B)微处理器接收或预设的目标风量值IN-CFM;
C)启动电机,进入稳态后,比较M个风量点CFMi和目标风量值IN-CFM, 确定目标风量值IN-CFM处于两个已知风量点CFMi和CFMi-1之间;
D)利用确定的两个风量点CFMi和CFMi-1通过插值法计算出目标风量值IN-CFM对应的恒风量控制函数Q0=F(n);
E)控制电机参数Q0和转速n,使电机按照恒风量控制函数Q0=F(n)的定义曲线运行,保证电器设备的风量吸入或者输出恒定。
如图2、图3所示,电机是电机单体1,所述的电机单体1包括定子组件12、转子组件13和机壳组件11,定子组件13安装在机壳组件11上,电机单体1安装有检测转子位置的霍尔传感器14(图5有标示),转子组件13套装在定子组件12的内侧或者外侧组成,转子位置测量电路检测转子位置信号并输入到微处理器,母线电流检测电路将检测的母线电路输入到微处理器,母线电压检测电路将直流母线电压输入到微处理器,微处理器控制逆变电路,逆变电路控制定子组件12的各相线圈绕组的通断电。
上述所述的函数Qi=F(n)是这样获得的:先采集原始数据,在风道设备中,针对M个目标风量,从低静压一直调节到高静压,这个静压要能涵盖应用的实际静压范围,在调节静压的过程中,让电机处于恒转速控制,并通过调节电机转速n和参数Q保持风量为目标风量,并记录此时的电机稳态转速n和对应的参数Q,这样,针对M个目标风量,都产生了一组转速n和参数Q,然后通过曲线拟合的方法产生M个目标风量中每一个目标风量对应一个函数Qi=F(n)。
上述所述若干个风量点CFMi包括最大的输出风量和最小的输出风量。
上述所述的Qi=F(n)是一个二阶函数,每个目标风量点对应的函数Q=C1+C2×n+C3×n2
上述所述的目标风量值IN-CFM对应的恒风量控制函数Q0=F(n)是这样得到的:
步骤一)选定3个转速点n1、n2、n3,这3个转速点n1、n2、n3代入两个风量点CFMi和CFMi-1对应的恒风量控制函数Qi=F(n)和Qi-1=F(n),得到6个值Q11、Q21、Q12、Q22、Q13、Q23,转速点n1对应Q11、Q21, 转速点n2对应Q12、Q22,转速点n3对应Q13、Q23;
步骤2)计算权重值:
Figure PCTCN2015077456-appb-000002
利用权重值计算3个转速点n1、n2、n3对应目标风量值IN-CFM的恒风量控制函数中Q0的数值Q01、Q02和Q03,
Q01=Q21+W(Q11-Q21),Q02=Q22+W(Q12-Q22),Q03=Q23+W(Q13-Q23);
步骤三)将3个转速点n1、n2、n3和与之对应的Q01、Q02和Q03代入函数Q=C1+C2×n+C3×n2,求解到系数C1、C2、C3。
具体实施例一:
如图4、图5所示,本发明的电器设备是空调,它带有空调系统控制器,系统控制器带有实现空调本身功能的主控制线路板,并且主控制线路板布局有微处理器、逆变电路和电机运行参数检测电路,运行参数检测电路将电机实时运行参数输入到微处理器,微处理器的输出端控制逆变电路,逆变电路的输出端与线圈绕组连接。
如图6所示,空调系统控制器采用直接功率控制的恒风量控制方法,所述的电机驱动风轮并具有定子组件、永磁转子组件,所述的主控制线路板布局有微处理器、逆变电路、母线电流检测电路、母线电压检测电路和电机输入功率控制电路(图中未画出),转子位置测量电路检测转子位置信号并输入到微处理器,微处理器根据转子位置信号计算出电机的实时转速n,母线电流检测电路将母线电流输入到微处理器,母线电压检测电路将直流母线电压输入到微处理器,微处理器控制逆变电路,逆变电路控制定子组件的各相线圈绕组的通断电,其控制步骤如下:
步骤A)起动电机控制器,接收或预设的目标风量值IN-CFM;
步骤B)根据目标风量值IN-CFM获得对应的函数P=f(n),其中n是转速,P是电机的输入功率;
步骤C)进入直接功率控制恒风量控制模式:启动电机,使它沿着函数P=f(n)的控制轨迹到达一稳定的工作点(pt,nt);pt,nt是位于满足恒风量控制函数P=f(n)的轨迹上一对输入功率和转速;
步骤D)保持直接功率控制恒风量控制模式:根据电机运行参数计算出电机实时输入功率Pi;计算ΔP=|Pt-Pi|;
步骤E)若功率增量值ΔP小于设定值Pset,保持现有工作点;
步骤F)若功率增量值ΔP大于等于设定值Pset;功率/转速控制逻辑将计算速度环的操作时间是否达到;如果速度环的操作时间没有达到,保持现有工作点;
步骤G)如果速度环的操作时间已经达到,进入速度控制回路按Δn=|ni-nt|调节速度,ni是实时转速,实现轨迹上的新工作点(Pi,ni),即令Pt=Pi,nt=ni,回到步骤C。
上述所述的上述所述的函数P=f(n)是这样获得的:先采集原始数据,针对若干个目标风量,从低静压一直调节到高静压,这个静压要能涵盖应用的实际静压范围,在调节静压的过程中,让电机处于恒转速控制,并通过调节电机转速n和电机实时输入功率Pi保持风量为目标风量,并记录此时的电机稳态转速n和对应的电机实时输入功率Pi,这样,针对若干个目标风量,都产生了一组转速n和电机实时输入功率Pi,然后通过曲线拟合的方法产生若干个目标风量中每一个目标风量对应一个函数P=f(n)。
上述所述如果外部输入目标风量值IN-CFM都不等于上述测定的若干个目标风量的其中一个,可以通过插值法,拟合计算与任何外部输入目标风量值IN-CFM相对应的函数P=f(n)。实现了全程任意目标风量的恒风量控制。
上述所述的函数关系式P=f(n)是一个多项式函数:P=C1+C2×n+...+Cm×nm-1,其中C1,C2,...,Cm是系数,n是电机转速值,每一个目标风量对应一组C1,C2,...,Cm系数并储存起来,微处理器根据输入的目标风量值IN-CFM通过查表法或者插值法获得对应的一组C1,C2,...,Cm系数,从而得到函数关系式P=f(n)。
述所述函数关系式P=f(n)是一个二阶函数:P=C1+C2×n+C3×n2
本发明的直接功率控制恒风量的控制方法(Direct P Control for Constant Airflow Control Apparatus Method)开发和数学模型建立是这样的:一般来说,在一个通风系统,风机由风电机驱动的驱动在一个稳定的状态产生的气流空气。一个恒定的风量控制通过在一个静态的压力条件下的速度、功率控制实现,见如下关系式:CFM=F(P,speed,pressure),其中CFM是风量,P是功率,speed,是速度,pressure是静压。当静态压力的变化,用功率和速度的控制维持该恒风量。随着静态压力增加,功率与速度随之变化。一簇恒风量CFM曲线可以测试出,如图7所示的。基于这些恒风量CFM曲线,开发控制模型,当产品控制确定风量要求,通过控制功率和速度在特定的静态压力提供一个恒定风量CFM。在图7中,特性曲线代表保持控制功率和速度的的恒风量物理特性,所有电机的额定功率范围内,对任何类型的设计的气流系统的空调厂家,基于功率的测试结果与速度曲线,可以得出结论,一个典型的二次函数可以很好地用于开发建模作为一种典型的函数,P=C1+C2×n+C3×n2,通过在曲线上选者三个待定点(A,B和C),其对应的坐标上的数据是(p1,n1),(p2,n2),(p3,n3)取得系数C1、C2、C3,见如下公式:
Figure PCTCN2015077456-appb-000003
通过
Figure PCTCN2015077456-appb-000004
and
Figure PCTCN2015077456-appb-000005
通过求解方程,m=3。
曲线拟合的过程是选择多项式描述曲线,多项式的系数可以通过最小二乘法求出。理论上可以用P=C1+C2×n+C3×n2+...+Cm×nm-1,实际上选择二项式就可以满足一般的需要。函数关系式P=f(n)是一个二阶函数:P=C1+C2×n+C3×n2,其中C1、C2和C3是系数,n是电机转速值,在测试的若干个目标风量中任何一个目标风量对应一组C1、C2和C3系数并储存起来,微处理器根据输入的目标风量值IN-CFM通过查表法获得对应的一组C1、C2和C3系数,从而得到函数关系式P=f(n),在某负载中每一个目标风量对应一组C1、C2和C3系数具体如下表1所示:
表1
CFM C1 C2 C3
150 0.338 -0.151 0.0458
300 0.4423 -0.2113 0.0765
450 。。。 。。。 。。。
600 。。。 。。。 。。。
750 。。。 。。。 。。。
900 。。。 。。。 。。。
图8是1/3HP的电机单体在小型管道的空调系统的直接功率控制恒风量的实验数据拟合曲线图,对于一个给定的目标气流,系统选择某些典型的风量CFM作为测试点建立一个数据库为建立数学模型之用。这些典型的点包括最小和最大风量值,附加一些中间点根据产品规格,典型的风量CFM作为测试点有5个,分别为150/300/450/600和750CFM。
表2显示测试数据结果的一个例子。电机的转速的范围是从200到1400rpm;系统的静态压力从0.1到1H2O。保持预设恒风量CCFM输出,获得一个对应图10的电机输入功率标么值,形成一个数据库。
表2
Figure PCTCN2015077456-appb-000006
Figure PCTCN2015077456-appb-000007
利用最小二乘法,每个预定的CFM风量对应功率和转速的二次函数,在一个标准的计算方法得到的:这些方程定义的功率与在一个特定的静态压力的任何系统的工作点的速度。当输入设定风量IN-CFM预设,电机系统定义了一个与之对应的函数,其工作点的轨迹遵循函数定义。方程(3)到(7)可以表示为一个标准方程,C1、C2、C3是常数。
Figure PCTCN2015077456-appb-000008
Figure PCTCN2015077456-appb-000009
Figure PCTCN2015077456-appb-000010
Figure PCTCN2015077456-appb-000011
Figure PCTCN2015077456-appb-000012
即得到P=C1+C2×n+C3×n2,方程(3)到(7)建模曲线提供了几个恒风量CFM需求的5个选择工作点的轨迹,Power是功率,n是转速。
如图9所示,如果请求的恒风量IN-CFM要求不是建模曲线其中的一个,使用一种插值方法来获得一个新的特征方程拟合该请求的恒风量IN-CFM,例如当请求的恒风量IN-CFM=525cfm要求被接收,相邻两个曲线CFM1-600cfm和CFM2-450cfm建模可以识别。然后两个相应的方程可以用于计算IN-CFM=525cfm曲线的新方程。基于需求的IN-CFM=525cfm,三个选定的速度n1、n2、n3,确定在这些速度计算出功率值,利用这两个模型曲线对应的方程对于双功率点在选定的速度,线性加权插值可以用来计算P值.首先列出矩阵数据如下。
Figure PCTCN2015077456-appb-000013
对于一对功率点(P1i,P2i)对应一个选定的速度n,选定的速度n1、n2、n3对应3对功率点(P1i,P2i),线性加权插值可以用来计算Pi值为
pi=p2i+w·(p1i-p2i)。
权重值W是这样计算的:
Figure PCTCN2015077456-appb-000014
注意该CFM2≤IN-CFM≤CFM1,等0≤W≤1。下面的矩阵方程可计算的,
Figure PCTCN2015077456-appb-000015
这样对应的IN-CFM=525cfm的函数P=C1+C2×n+C3×n2能被得到。解决这个矩阵方程,对C1、C2、C3系数可以计算。因此,任何需求输入风量IN-CFM都可以得到功率方程。由于这一过程是在空调系统控制器里面的微处理器---单 片机初始化完成,所以功率的计算不需要消耗较多实时的CPU资源。
可以看出,本直接功率控制DPC(Direct Power Control)使用转速控制来实现功率控制。功率/转速控制逻辑的功能是协调功率/转速回路时间常数以保证系统的稳定性。控制可以通过控制电机的精确控制,转矩控制比较。
输入功率由直流母线电压,直流母线电流计算获得.功率及转速将被限幅于最大功率Pmax,及转速nmax之内。采用标量控制,即采集实时母线电流Ibus和实时母线电压Vbus计算出电机实时输入功率P=Ibus×Vbus
具体实施例二:
如图10、图11所示,本发明的电器设备是抽油烟机,它带有抽油烟机系统控制器,系统控制器带有实现抽油烟机本身功能的主控制线路板,并且主控制线路板上布局有微处理器、逆变电路、电机运行参数检测电路、独立的电源电路、档位输入电路和显示电路,档位输入电路和显示电路与微处理器连接,运行参数检测电路将电机实时运行参数输入到微处理器,微处理器的输出端控制逆变电路,逆变电路的输出端与线圈绕组连接。图中电机运行参数检测电路是3相电流检测电路,通过三相电流的检测可以推算出转子的位置,并且采用矢量控制方法,这些在教课书和现有专利文献有详细记载,在此不再详细叙述。独立的电源电路为各部份电路供电,风轮安装在风道里面,风道里面安装油烟过滤网,风道具有进风口和出风口。
如图2、图3所示,电机是电机单体1,所述的电机单体1包括定子组件12、转子组件13和机壳组件11,定子组件13安装在机壳组件11上,转子组件13套装在定子组件12的内侧或者外侧组成。
本发明的抽油烟机的恒风量控制方法是这样的:
A)在抽油烟机的系统控制器的微处理器里面建立M个风量点CFMi对应的M个恒风量控制函数Ti=F(n),其中T可以是力矩,n是电机的转速;i是整数,由 1开始到M;
B)微处理器接收或预设的目标风量值IN-CFM;
C)启动电机,进入稳态后,比较M个风量点CFMi和目标风量值IN-CFM,确定目标风量值IN-CFM处于两个已知风量点CFMi和CFMi-1之间;
D)利用确定的两个风量点CFMi和CFMi-1通过插值法计算出目标风量值IN-CFM对应的恒风量控制函数T0=F(n);
E)控制电机参数T0和转速n,使电机按照恒风量控制函数T0=F(n)的定义曲线运行,保证电器设备的风量吸入或者输出恒定。
上述所述的函数Ti=F(n)是这样获得的:先采集原始数据,在风道设备中,针对M个目标风量,从低静压一直调节到高静压,这个静压要能涵盖应用的实际静压范围,在调节静压的过程中,让电机处于恒转速控制,并通过调节电机转速n和参数T保持风量为目标风量,并记录此时的电机稳态转速n和对应的力矩T,这样,针对M个目标风量,都产生了一组转速n和力矩T,然后通过曲线拟合的方法产生M个目标风量中每一个目标风量对应一个函数Ti=F(n)。
实际测试中如下下表3所示的数据:
表3
Figure PCTCN2015077456-appb-000016
Figure PCTCN2015077456-appb-000017
如图12所示,根据以上数据模拟出曲线,由于力矩与转速成反比,所以上述所述的函数关系式T=f(n)是一个多项式函数:T=C1+C2×(1/n)+...+Cm×(1/nm-1),其中C1,C2,...,Cm是系数,n是电机转速值,每一个目标风量对应一组C1,C2,...,Cm系数并储存起来,微处理器根据输入的目标风量值IN-CFM通过查表法或者插值法获得对应的一组C1,C2,...,Cm系数,从而得到函数关系式T=f(n)。
上述所述函数关系式T=f(n)是一个二阶函数:T=C1+C2×(1/n)+C3×(1/n2)。
本发明的开发和数学模型建立是这样的:一般来说,在一个通风系统,风机由风电机驱动的驱动在一个稳定的状态产生的气流空气。一个恒定的风量控制通过在一个静态的压力条件下的速度、力矩控制实现,见如下关系式:CFM=F(T,speed,pressure),其中CFM是风量,T是力矩,speed,是速度,pressure是静压。当静态压力的变化,用力矩和速度的控制维持该恒风量。随着静态压力增加,力矩与速度随之变化。一簇恒风量CFM曲线可以测试出,如图12所示的。基于这些恒风量CFM曲线,开发控制模型,当产品控制确定风量要求, 通过控制力矩和速度在特定的静态压力提供一个恒定风量CFM。在图12中,特性曲线代表保持控制力矩和速度的的恒风量物理特性,所有电机的额定功率范围内,对任何类型的设计的气流系统的厂家,基于力矩的测试结果与速度曲线,可以得出结论,一个典型的二次函数可以很好地用于开发建模作为一种典型的函数,T=C1+C2×(1/n)+C3×(1/n2),通过在曲线上选者三个待定点(A,B和C),其对应的坐标上的数据是(T1,n1),(T2,n2),(T3,n3)取得系数C1、C2、C3,见如下公式:
Figure PCTCN2015077456-appb-000018
通过
Figure PCTCN2015077456-appb-000019
and
Figure PCTCN2015077456-appb-000020
通过求解方程,m=3。
曲线拟合的过程是选择多项式描述曲线,多项式的系数可以通过最小二乘法求出。理论上可以用T=C1+C2×(1/n)+C3×(1/n2)+...+Cm×(1/nm-1),实际上选择二项式就可以满足一般的需要。函数关系式T=f(n)是一个二阶函数:T=C1+C2×(1/n)+C3×(1/n2),其中C1、C2和C3是系数,n是电机转速值,在测试的若干个目标风量中任何一个目标风量对应一组C1、C2和C3系数并储存起来,微处理器根据输入的目标风量值IN-CFM通过查表法获得对应的一组C1、C2和C3系数,从而得到函数关系式T=f(n),在某负载中每一个测试点风量对应一组C1、C2和C3系数。这些与实施例一的方法是一样的,当输入的目标风量与已知测试点的风量值不同时,可以参考实施例一的方法通过插值法可以求解输入的目标风量对应的恒风量控制函数T0=F(n)。
具体实施例三:
如图13所示,本发明的电器设备是抽油烟机,它带有抽油烟机系统控制器,系统控制器带有实现抽油烟机本身功能的主控制线路板,并且主控制线路板上布局有微处理器、逆变电路、电机运行参数检测电路、独立的电源电路、档位输入电路和显示电路,档位输入电路和显示电路与微处理器连接,运行参数检测电路将电机实时运行参数输入到微处理器,微处理器的输出端控制逆变电路, 逆变电路的输出端与线圈绕组连接。图中电机运行参数检测电路包括霍尔传感器,霍尔传感器安装在电机单体上以检测转子位置,通过电机运行参数检测电路可以检测转子的位置,独立的电源电路为各部份电路供电,风轮安装在风道里面,风道里面安装油烟过滤网,风道具有进风口和出风口。另外微处理器还连接母线电流检测电路,通过检测母线电流进行恒风量控制。
如图2、图3所示,电机是电机单体1,所述的电机单体1包括定子组件12、转子组件13和机壳组件11,定子组件13安装在机壳组件11上,转子组件13套装在定子组件12的内侧或者外侧组成。
本发明的抽油烟机的恒风量控制方法是这样的:
A)在抽油烟机的系统控制器的微处理器里面建立M个风量点CFMi对应的M个恒风量控制函数Ii=F(n),其中I可以是直流母线电流,n是电机的转速;i是整数,由1开始到M;
B)微处理器接收或预设的目标风量值IN-CFM;
C)启动电机,进入稳态后,比较M个风量点CFMi和目标风量值IN-CFM,确定目标风量值IN-CFM处于两个已知风量点CFMi和CFMi-1之间;
D)利用确定的两个风量点CFMi和CFMi-1通过插值法计算出目标风量值IN-CFM对应的恒风量控制函数I0=F(n);
E)控制电机参数I0和转速n,使电机按照恒风量控制函数I0=F(n)的定义曲线运行,保证电器设备的风量吸入或者输出恒定。
上述所述的函数Ii=F(n)是这样获得的:先采集原始数据,在风道设备中,针对M个目标风量,从低静压一直调节到高静压,这个静压要能涵盖应用的实际静压范围,在调节静压的过程中,让电机处于恒转速控制,并通过调节电机转速n和直流母线电流I保持风量为目标风量,并记录此时的电机稳态转速n和对应的直流母线电流I,这样,针对M个目标风量,都产生了一组转速n和直流母线电流I,然后通过曲线拟合的方法产生M个目标风量中每一个目标风量对应一个函数Ii=F(n)。
实际测试中如下下表4所示的数据:
表4
Figure PCTCN2015077456-appb-000021
根据以上数据模拟出曲线,所以上述所述的函数关系式I=f(n)是一个多项 式函数:I=C1+C2×n+C3×n2,其中C1,C2,...,Cm是系数,n是电机转速值,每一个目标风量对应一组C1,C2,...,Cm系数并储存起来,微处理器根据输入的目标风量值IN-CFM通过查表法或者插值法获得对应的一组C1,C2,...,Cm系数,从而得到函数关系式I=f(n)。
上述所述函数关系式I=f(n)是一个二阶函数:I=C1+C2×n+C3×n2
本发明的开发和数学模型建立是这样的:一般来说,在一个通风系统,风机由风电机驱动的驱动在一个稳定的状态产生的气流空气。一个恒定的风量控制通过在一个静态的压力条件下的速度、力矩控制实现,见如下关系式:CFM=F(I,speed,pressure),其中CFM是风量,I是直流母线电流,speed,是速度,pressure是静压。当静态压力的变化,用直流母线电流和速度的控制维持该恒风量。随着静态压力增加,直流母线电流与速度随之变化。一簇恒风量CFM曲线可以测试出。基于这些恒风量CFM曲线,开发控制模型,当产品控制确定风量要求,通过控制直流母线电流和速度在特定的静态压力提供一个恒定风量CFM。特性曲线代表保持控制直流母线电流和速度的的恒风量物理特性,所有电机的额定功率范围内,对任何类型的设计的气流系统厂家,基于直流母线电流的测试结果与速度曲线,可以得出结论,一个典型的二次函数可以很好地用于开发建模作为一种典型的函数,I=C1+C2×n+C3×n2,通过在曲线上选者三个待定点(A,B和C),其对应的坐标上的数据是(I1,n1),(I2,n2),(I3,n3)取得系数C1、C2、C3,见如下公式:
Figure PCTCN2015077456-appb-000022
通过
Figure PCTCN2015077456-appb-000023
and
Figure PCTCN2015077456-appb-000024
通过求解方程,m=3。
曲线拟合的过程是选择多项式描述曲线,多项式的系数可以通过最小二乘法求出。理论上可以用I=C1+C2×n+C3×n2+...+Cm×nm-1,实际上选择二项式就可以满足一般的需要。函数关系式I=f(n)是一个二阶函数I=C1+C2×n+C3×n2,其中C1、C2和C3是系数,n是电机转速值,在测试的若干个目标风量中任何一个目标风量对应一组C1、C2和C3系数并储存起来,微处理器根据输入的目标风 量值IN-CFM通过查表法获得对应的一组C1、C2和C3系数,从而得到函数关系式I=f(n),在某负载中每一个测试点风量对应一组C1、C2和C3系数。这些与实施例一的方法是一样的,当输入的目标风量与已知测试点的风量值不同时,可以参考实施例一的方法通过插值法可以求解输入的目标风量对应的恒风量控制函数I0=F(n)。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种具有抽风或者送风功能的电器设备的恒风量控制方法,所述的电器设备包括电机、风轮、电源部分和系统控制器,系统控制器带有实现电器设备本身功能的主控制线路板,主控制线路板驱动电机带动风轮转动,其中:
    所述的电机单体是一个不带控制器的电机单体,包括转轴、永磁转子组件、定子组件和机壳组件,永磁转子组件上安装永磁体,永磁转子组件和定子组件形成磁藕合,定子组件包括定子铁芯和卷绕在定子铁芯上的线圈绕组;
    所述的主控制线路板上布局有微处理器、逆变电路和电机运行参数检测电路,运行参数检测电路将电机实时运行参数输入到微处理器,微处理器的输出端控制逆变电路,逆变电路的输出端与线圈绕组连接;
    其特征在于:所述的控制方法包括如下步骤:
    A)在系统控制器的微处理器里面建立M个风量点CFMi对应的M个恒风量控制函数Qi=F(n),其中Q可以是输入功率或者是直流母线电流或者是力矩,n是电机的转速;i是整数,由1开始到M;
    B)微处理器接收或预设的目标风量值IN-CFM;
    C)启动电机,进入稳态后,比较M个风量点CFMi和目标风量值IN-CFM,确定目标风量值IN-CFM处于两个已知风量点CFMi和CFMi-1之间;
    D)利用确定的两个风量点CFMi和CFMi-1通过插值法计算出目标风量值IN-CFM对应的恒风量控制函数Q0=F(n);
    E)控制电机参数Q0和转速n,使电机按照恒风量控制函数Q0=F(n)的定义曲线运行,保证电器设备的风量吸入或者输出恒定。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种具有抽风或者送风功能的电器设备的恒风量控制方法,其特征在于:上述所述的函数Qi=F(n)是这样获得的:先采集原始数据,在风道设备中,针对M个目标风量,从低静压一直调节到高静压,这个静压要能涵盖应用的实际静压范围,在调节静压的过程中,让电机处于恒转速控制,并通过调节电机转速n和参数Q保持风量为目标风量,并记录此时的电 机稳态转速n和对应的参数Q,这样,针对M个目标风量,都产生了一组转速n和参数Q,然后通过曲线拟合的方法产生M个目标风量中每一个目标风量对应一个函数Qi=F(n)。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的一种具有抽风或者送风功能的电器设备的恒风量控制方法,其特征在于:若干个风量点CFMi包括最大的输出风量和最小的输出风量。
  4. 根据权利要求1或2所述的一种具有抽风或者送风功能的电器设备的恒风量控制方法,其特征在于:Qi=F(n)是一个二阶函数,每个目标风量点对应的函数Q=C1+C2×n+C3×n2
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的一种具有抽风或者送风功能的电器设备的恒风量控制方法,其特征在于:目标风量值IN-CFM对应的恒风量控制函数Q0=F(n)是这样得到的:
    步骤一)选定3个转速点n1、n2、n3,这3个转速点n1、n2、n3代入两个风量点CFMi和CFMi-1对应的恒风量控制函数Qi=F(n)和Qi-1=F(n),得到6个值Q11、Q21、Q12、Q22、Q13、Q23,转速点n1对应Q11、Q21,转速点n2对应Q12、Q22,转速点n3对应Q13、Q23;
    步骤2)计算权重值:
    Figure PCTCN2015077456-appb-100001
    利用权重值计算3个转速点n1、n2、n3对应目标风量值IN-CFM的恒风量控制函数中Q0的数值Q01、Q02和Q03,
    Q01=Q21+W(Q11-Q21),Q02=Q22+W(Q12-Q22),Q03=Q23+W(Q13-Q23);
    步骤三)将3个转速点n1、n2、n3和与之对应的Q01、Q02和Q03代入函数Q=C1+C2×n+C3×n2,求解到系数C1、C2、C3。
  6. 根据权利要求1或2所述的一种具有抽风或者送风功能的电器设备的恒风量控制方法,其特征在于:所述的电器设备是一种空调系统,主控制线路板是空调控制器主控板,空调控制器主控板还与压缩机和膨胀阀等设备连接。
  7. 根据权利要求1或2所述的一种具有抽风或者送风功能的电器设备的恒风量控制方法,其特征在于:所述的电器设备是一种抽油烟机,主控制线路板是抽油烟机主控板,抽油烟机主控板还包括显示电路和按键输入电路,显示电路和按键输入电路与微处理器连接。
  8. 根据权利要求1或2所述的一种具有抽风或者送风功能的电器设备的恒风量控制方法,其特征在于:M个风量点指至少有5个。
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