WO2016024525A1 - 電極用導電性組成物、それを用いた電極及びリチウムイオン二次電池 - Google Patents
電極用導電性組成物、それを用いた電極及びリチウムイオン二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electrode conductive composition, an electrode using the same, and a lithium ion secondary battery.
- a positive electrode and a negative electrode of a lithium ion secondary battery are produced by coating an electrode slurry containing a conductive agent, an active material, and a binder on a metal foil.
- the electrode slurry is a mixture of a conductive agent, an active material, and a binder in a solvent.
- carbon powder excellent in electronic conductivity such as carbon black (hereinafter referred to as CB) is used.
- binder styrene butadiene rubber (hereinafter referred to as SBR) is used in the case of an aqueous solvent, and polyvinylidene fluoride (hereinafter referred to as PVdF) is used in the case of an organic solvent such as N-methylpyrrolidone (hereinafter referred to as NMP). It is done.
- CNF carbon nanofibers
- CB carbon nanofibers
- an electrode discharge method, a catalytic vapor deposition method, a laser method, or the like has been used for the production of CNF, and among these, the catalytic vapor deposition method is considered to be the most suitable as an industrial production method.
- the catalytic vapor deposition method is considered to be the most suitable as an industrial production method. ing.
- transition metal particles are used as a catalyst, and CNF is grown from the catalyst particles at a high temperature of 900 ° C. or higher by contacting with a raw material gas that is a carbon source, for example, acetylene or benzene.
- Patent Documents 1 to 5 a method of producing CNF from a gas mainly composed of carbon monoxide as a raw material using a transition metal component such as cobalt as a catalyst has attracted attention as a method for obtaining high purity and high quality CNF at a relatively low temperature.
- CNF When CNF is used as a conductivity-imparting agent for a lithium ion secondary battery, the dispersibility of CNF is important. However, as a means for obtaining a good dispersion state of CNF in the electrode, the active material and carbon fiber are dry mixed. After that, there is a method of suppressing aggregation of CNF by mixing this dry mixture, a binder, and a solvent (Patent Document 6).
- Patent Document 7 As another means for obtaining a good dispersion state of CNF, there is a method in which concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid are used for CNF, and surface oxidation treatment is performed to uniformly disperse in the solvent (Patent Document 7).
- JP 2004-299986 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2004-300631 JP 2006-152490 A Republished WO2009 / 110570 Republished WO2012 / 053334 JP 2009-16265 A JP 2013-77479 A
- Patent Document 7 has a problem that the conductivity of CNF is reduced by surface oxidation, and concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid, which are strong acids, are used, resulting in high costs in terms of equipment and processing.
- An object of this invention is to provide the electroconductive composition for electrodes which was excellent in the electroconductivity and dispersibility containing CNF of a specific structure in view of the said problem and the situation. Furthermore, it aims at providing the electrode for lithium ion secondary batteries and the lithium ion secondary battery using this electroconductive composition for electrodes.
- this invention which solves the said subject is comprised from the following.
- An electroconductive composition for an electrode comprising carbon nanofibers having a volume median diameter D50 value of 0.1 to 8 ⁇ m, an active material, and a binder.
- the carbon nanofiber further has a powder resistivity measured under a load of 9.8 MPa of 0.03 ⁇ cm or less and a D / G of 0.5 to 1.3.
- Conductive composition for electrode (3) The conductive composition for electrodes according to (1) or (2), wherein the content of carbon nanofibers is 0.1 to 2% by mass with respect to the total of the conductive composition for electrodes.
- LiCoO 2, LiMn 2 O 4 , LiNiO 2, LiMPO 4, Li 2 MSiO 4, LiNi X Mn (2-X) O 4, Li (Mn X Ni Y Co Z) O 2, li (Al X Ni Y Co Z ) O 2 or xLi 2 MnO 3 - (1- x) any of the LiMO 2 is selected from one or more, according to any one of (1) to (3) Electroconductive composition for electrodes.
- the binder is any one of polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, styrene butadiene copolymer, (meth) acrylic acid
- the conductive composition for an electrode according to any one of (1) to (4), which is selected from species or more.
- the carbon nanofiber is a carbon nanofiber using carbon monoxide as a carbon source using an active species mainly composed of cobalt as a catalyst, wherein the catalyst has the specific surface area of 0.
- a conductive composition for an electrode excellent in conductivity and dispersibility can be obtained by using CNF having a median diameter D50 value in terms of volume of 0.1 to 8 ⁇ m. Moreover, since the electroconductive composition for electrode of the present invention improves the electroconductive network by improving dispersibility, when used as an electrode for a lithium ion secondary battery, the electrode plate resistance is suppressed to a low value.
- FIG. 2 is a particle size distribution diagram of CNF used in Example 1.
- FIG. 2 is a particle size distribution diagram of CNF used in Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. 2 is a TEM photograph of CNF used in Example 1.
- CNF in the present specification is that the average outer diameter is 5 to 100 nm, preferably 5 to 50 nm, the aspect ratio indicating the ratio of the fiber length to the outer diameter is 10 or more, and the multi-walled carbon nanotube (hereinafter referred to as MWCNT) is More preferably, MWCNT is the main component. MWCNT has an outer diameter of approximately 5 nm or more. If the outer diameter is too large, for example, exceeding 50 nm, the number of MWCNTs per unit weight may decrease, making it difficult to form a conductive network.
- SWCNT single-walled carbon nanotubes
- SWCNT has a characteristic of exhibiting high conductivity, but has isomers due to chirality, and has practical problems such as having a strong bundle structure and being difficult to disperse, and is not the object of the present invention.
- MWCNT is the most preferable.
- a TEM photograph of CNF used in Example 1 is shown in FIG. It is shown to be MWCNT.
- the synthetic activity in this specification is the mass of CNF obtained per unit time per unit active species mass.
- the catalyst activity in this specification is the mass of the obtained CNF per unit catalyst mass per unit time.
- the active species here is a metal containing cobalt as a main component.
- the carrier means an oxide for supporting the active species.
- the CNF of the present invention has a median diameter D50 value in terms of volume of 0.1 to 8 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.1 to 3 ⁇ m, and most preferably 0.1 to 1 ⁇ m.
- the median diameter can be obtained by irradiating a CNF particle with a laser beam and converting the scattered light into a spherical shape from the scattered light.
- the larger the median diameter the more CNF aggregates exist, which means that the dispersibility is poor.
- the median diameter D50 value is larger than 8 ⁇ m, there is a high possibility that CNF agglomerates are present in the electrode, and the conductivity of the entire electrode becomes non-uniform.
- the median diameter D50 value is smaller than 0.1 ⁇ m, the fiber length of CNF is shortened, and the contact point increases when CNF forms a conductive path between the active material and the current collector. Resistance increases and conductivity decreases.
- the median diameter D50 value is in the range of 0.1 to 8 ⁇ m, CNF can be uniformly dispersed in the electrode while maintaining conductivity.
- the median diameter D50 value is 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1, 2, 3 It may be in the range of two numerical values arbitrarily selected from 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 ⁇ m.
- the CNF of the present invention has a D / G value determined by Raman spectroscopy of 0.5 to 1.3, more preferably 0.5 to 1.0.
- CNF having a D / G value of 0.5 to 1.3 is excellent in conductivity and crystallinity.
- the D / G value can be obtained from the ratio of the total area derived from the D band peak and the total area derived from the G band peak when the Raman spectroscopic measurement of the CNF powder is performed. It shows that the crystallinity of CNF is so high that D / G value is low, and the electroconductivity of CNF becomes high.
- the D / G is two numerical values arbitrarily selected from 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, and 1.3. If it is in the range.
- the CNF has a powder resistivity of 0.03 ⁇ cm or less measured under a load of 9.8 MPa. When the powder resistivity exceeds 0.03 ⁇ cm, the conductivity between the active material and the electrode decreases.
- the powder resistivity is 0.015, 0.016, 0.017, 0.018, 0.019, 0.020, 0.021, 0.022, 0.023, 0.024, 0.0. Any numerical value selected from 025, 0.026, 0.027, 0.028, 0.029, and 0.030 ⁇ cm may be used.
- the content of CNF is preferably 0.1 to 2% by mass with respect to the total of the conductive composition, 0.5 to 1% by mass is more preferable for achieving both dispersibility and conductivity. This range varies depending on the type of the battery and the active material, and does not necessarily need to be within this range.
- a conductive agent other than the CNF of the present invention may be included.
- carbon fiber, artificial graphite, natural graphite, acetylene black, furnace black and other carbon black, expanded graphite, metal powder, and the like can be used.
- the CNF content is 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1, 1.1, Any numerical value selected from 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, and 2 may be used.
- a catalyst for synthesizing the CNF of the present invention it is preferable to use an active species mainly composed of cobalt as a catalyst.
- a catalyst a catalyst in which 3 to 150% by mass of an active species mainly composed of cobalt is supported on a carrier made of an oxide containing magnesium having a specific surface area of 0.01 to 5 m 2 / g (hereinafter referred to as cobalt-oxidation). It is more preferable to synthesize CNF using a magnesium-supported catalyst.
- Cobalt can be contained not only in the form of metallic cobalt but also in the form of compounds such as oxides, hydroxides, hydrated oxides, nitrates, acetates, oxalates and carbonates.
- oxide containing magnesium When an oxide containing magnesium is used as the active species carrier, examples of the oxide containing magnesium include magnesium oxide, spinel oxide containing magnesium, and perovskite oxide. Of these, magnesium oxide is most preferred as the carrier.
- the specific surface area of the oxide containing magnesium is preferably 0.01 to 5 m 2 / g, and more preferably 0.01 to 3 m 2 / g from the viewpoint of dispersibility of CNF.
- the loading is preferably 3 to 150% by mass, more preferably 5 to 120% by mass, and most preferably 10 to 90% by mass.
- the loading ratio is less than 3% by mass, the conductivity of the obtained CNF may deteriorate.
- it exceeds 150 mass% the particle diameter of a cobalt particle may increase and synthetic activity may fall.
- the loading method is not particularly limited.
- a carrier is impregnated in a non-aqueous solution (for example, ethanol solution) or an aqueous solution in which a cobalt salt is dissolved, thoroughly dispersed and mixed, dried, and heated in air at a high temperature (300 to 600 ° C.).
- a carrier may be simply impregnated in a non-aqueous solution (for example, ethanol) or an aqueous solution in which a cobalt salt is dissolved, sufficiently dispersed and mixed, and then dried by removing moisture.
- the CNF of the present invention preferably uses carbon monoxide as a carbon source for CNF.
- Carbon monoxide used as a raw material gas may be used as a mixed gas with carbon dioxide or hydrogen, and may contain an inert gas such as nitrogen gas.
- the partial pressure of carbon monoxide is preferably 0.04 to 0.98 MPa, more preferably 0.05 to 0.3 MPa, and most preferably 0.05 to 0.1 MPa.
- the carbon monoxide gas partial pressure is less than 0.04 MPa, the synthetic activity may be lowered, and the crystallinity and conductivity of the obtained CNF may be lowered.
- the carbon monoxide partial pressure is higher than 0.98 MPa, the dispersibility of the obtained CNF may be reduced, or the deactivation of the catalyst may become severe, resulting in a decrease in synthesis activity.
- the hydrogen gas partial pressure is preferably 1 to 100% with respect to the carbon monoxide gas partial pressure, and more preferably 10 to 100%. If the hydrogen gas partial pressure with respect to the carbon monoxide partial pressure exceeds 100%, the synthesis activity may decrease, and the crystallinity and conductivity of the obtained CNF may decrease. If the hydrogen gas partial pressure is less than 1%, the catalyst may be deactivated early and the synthesis activity may be reduced.
- the hydrogen gas partial pressure relative to the carbon monoxide gas partial pressure can be calculated by the following equation.
- Hydrogen gas partial pressure relative to carbon monoxide partial pressure X1 / X2 x 100 (%)
- X1 molar ratio of hydrogen gas
- X2 molar ratio of carbon monoxide gas
- the total gas partial pressure obtained by adding an inert gas to the raw material gases of carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and carbon dioxide is preferably less than 1.0 MPa. If the total pressure exceeds 1.0 MPa, there is a possibility that equipment costs and utility costs corresponding to high pressure will increase during production. In addition, when the pressure is greatly reduced compared to 0.1 MPa (atmospheric pressure), for example, less than 0.08 MPa, it is difficult and difficult to seal the atmosphere (oxygen) in the high temperature reactor. There is.
- the carbon monoxide gas flow rate is preferably 1 NL / g-active species ⁇ min or more.
- CNF can be produced with high synthetic activity.
- the high synthetic activity here means specifically that it is 10 g-CNF / g-active species ⁇ h (hour) or more.
- the upper limit of the carbon monoxide gas flow rate is not particularly limited, but if it exceeds 200 NL / g-active species / minute, the gas flow rate is too high, and the utility cost for residual heat increases, which is not preferable.
- the synthetic activity may decrease. “NL” indicates the gas amount L (liter) converted to the standard state (0 ° C., 1 atm), and “NL / g-active species / minute” means in the presence of unit active species (1 g of active species). Gas flow rate for 1 minute.
- the reaction temperature during the CNF synthesis is preferably 670 to 780 ° C., more preferably 700 to 750 ° C.
- the reaction temperature is less than 670 ° C., the crystallinity, conductivity, and dispersibility of CNF may decrease.
- it exceeds 780 degreeC synthetic
- a known manufacturing method or a known manufacturing apparatus can be used.
- a fixed bed reactor, a fluidized bed reactor, a batch-type or batch-type reactor, or a continuous reactor can be used.
- the active species and the carrier are removed by dispersing CNF in an acid such as hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid or the like, as described in JP-A-2006-69850, and then filtering or centrifuging the CNF. It can carry out by the method of collect
- binder examples include polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF), polytetrafluoroethylene, styrene butadiene copolymer, (meth) acrylic acid ester copolymer, polyvinyl alcohol, and a copolymer of polyvinyl alcohol and polyacrylonitrile. It is done.
- PVdF polyvinylidene fluoride
- polytetrafluoroethylene polytetrafluoroethylene
- styrene butadiene copolymer (meth) acrylic acid ester copolymer
- polyvinyl alcohol and a copolymer of polyvinyl alcohol and polyacrylonitrile. It is done.
- PVdF is preferable in terms of oxidation resistance.
- ⁇ Preparation of conductive composition for electrode> The CNF, active material and binder dispersion of the present invention are mixed with a binder solvent solution (dispersion) by a ball mill, a sand mill, a twin-screw kneader, a rotation / revolution stirrer, a planetary mixer, a disper mixer, or the like. A slurry is obtained.
- a viscosity modifier can be used in order to adjust the viscosity of a slurry.
- the viscosity modifier include water-soluble polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose and its salt, methyl cellulose and its salt, polymethacrylic acid and its salt.
- Specific examples of the salt include alkali metals such as sodium and potassium.
- Electrode for a lithium ion secondary battery
- electrode can be obtained by applying a slurry of the conductive composition for an electrode of the present invention on a metal plate and drying to laminate a current collector.
- the metal plate usually aluminum is preferably used.
- a metal plate of the negative electrode current collector copper is usually preferably used.
- the shape of the metal plate is not particularly limited, but a foil shape is preferable.
- the thickness of the metal plate is preferably 5 to 30 ⁇ m from the viewpoint of easy workability.
- the solvent used for the slurry is not particularly limited as long as it is inert to the active material and can dissolve and disperse the binder.
- An example of a suitable solvent is N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone.
- a general method can be used as a method for applying the slurry.
- a general method includes a reverse roll method, a direct roll method, a blade method, a knife method, an extrusion method, a curtain method, a gravure method, a bar method, a dip method, and a squeeze method.
- blade method component roll or die cut
- knife method and extrusion method are preferable.
- a good surface state of the coating layer can be obtained by selecting a coating method according to the solution properties and drying properties of the slurry.
- the application may be performed on one side or both sides, and in the case of both sides, each side may be sequentially or simultaneously.
- the application may be continuous, intermittent, or striped.
- the application thickness, length, and width of the slurry may be appropriately determined according to the size of the battery.
- the thickness of the electrode including the coating thickness of the slurry can be in the range of 10 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m.
- a method for drying the slurry applied to the metal plate As a method for drying the slurry applied to the metal plate, a generally adopted method can be used. In particular, it is preferable to use hot air, vacuum, infrared rays, far-infrared rays, electron beams and low-temperature air alone or in combination.
- the electrode can be pressed as needed.
- a generally adopted method can be used, and a die pressing method and a calendar pressing method (cold or hot roll) are particularly preferable.
- the press pressure in the calendar press method is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.2 to 3 ton / cm.
- the solvent contained in the slurry is removed to form an electrode conductive composition in which CNF and the active material are bonded to each other through a binder.
- the target electrode can be obtained by pressurizing and adhering the composite current collector and the electrode mixture layer with a roll press or the like.
- the obtained solid component was pulverized in an agate mortar to obtain a cobalt-magnesium oxide supported catalyst in which 50% by mass of cobalt metal was supported.
- CNF-A CNF produced under the production conditions
- CNF-B CNF was synthesized in the same manner as in the production of CNF-A except that the reaction temperature was 700 ° C.
- CNF manufactured under the manufacturing conditions is referred to as CNF-B.
- the synthesized CNF contains magnesium oxide and active species used as a carrier.
- the catalytic activity is less than 3 g-CNF / g-catalyst ⁇ h, the amount of magnesium oxide and active species in the CNF obtained by synthesis increases, which may affect the conductivity and dispersibility. Then, the magnesium oxide and the active species were removed.
- 2 g of synthesized CNF was added to 400 mL of 2 mol / L hydrochloric acid, and the mixture was processed for 10 minutes at a rotational speed of 7000 rpm using a ROBOMIX F model made by PRIMIX, using a MOHOMIXER MARK 2-2.5 type as the stirring unit. .
- the specific surface area of the CNF powder was determined by a BET single point method according to JIS K6217-2 using a Macsorb HM model-1201 manufactured by Mounttech.
- the volume resistivity of the CNF powder was measured using a Loresta GP: Powder Resistance Measurement System MCP-PD51 type manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Analytical Co., Ltd. under an atmosphere of 23 ° C. and a relative humidity of 50% under a load of 9.8 MPa. Obtained by the four probe method. A 100 mg sample was used for the measurement.
- D1 Derived from point defects in the crystal crystal structure and defects derived from crystal edges
- D3 Derived from amorphous carbon
- D4 Derived from polyene or ionic impurities
- G + Crystalline peak of graphite: Longitudinal optical mode
- G- Crystallinity of graphite Peak: Transverse optical mode
- Dispersibility evaluation Particle size distribution measurement by laser diffraction / scattering method (ISO 13320: 2009)> Dispersibility evaluation was performed with a particle size distribution measuring device (LS 13 320 Universal Liquid Module manufactured by BECKMAN COULTER). Prior to the measurement of the proportion of dispersed particles of 1 ⁇ m or less and the median diameter D50 value, the particle size distribution measuring device was tested. In this case, the measurement accuracy of the apparatus was accepted, and the particle size distribution measurement of Examples and Comparative Examples was performed.
- LS 13 320 Universal Liquid Module manufactured by BECKMAN COULTER Prior to the measurement of the proportion of dispersed particles of 1 ⁇ m or less and the median diameter D50 value, the particle size distribution measuring device was tested. In this case, the measurement accuracy of the apparatus was accepted, and the particle size distribution measurement of Examples and Comparative Examples was performed.
- CMCNa sodium carboxymethylcellulose
- CMCNa aqueous solution 2.0 g of CMCNa was added to 100 mL of distilled water, and the mixture was stirred and dissolved at room temperature for 24 hours or more to prepare a CMCNa 2.0 mass% aqueous solution.
- the particle size distribution meter After performing offset measurement, optical axis adjustment, and background measurement at a pump speed of 50%, the particle size distribution meter has a relative concentration of 8-12% indicating the percentage of light scattered by the particles outside the beam by the particles, Alternatively, the particle size distribution was measured by adding PIDS (polarized light scattering intensity difference) to 40% to 55%. A graph of volume% with respect to the particle size (particle diameter) was obtained, and the accuracy was confirmed. The median diameter D50 value obtained by the measurement is within 0.297 ⁇ m ⁇ 0.018 ⁇ m, the D10 value is within 0.245 ⁇ m ⁇ 0.024 ⁇ m, and the D90 value is within the range of 0.360 ⁇ m ⁇ 0.036 ⁇ m. confirmed.
- Alumina LS-13 (median diameter D50 value: 45 ⁇ m) manufactured by Denki Kagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd. and Alumina AS-50 (median diameter D50 value: 6 manufactured by Showa Denko KK) were used in a test vial with an alumina dispersion. 0.7 ⁇ m) was weighed 0.120 g, 12.0 g of the aqueous dispersion medium was added, and the vial was shaken well to prepare an aqueous alumina dispersion. The optical model was set to 1.768 alumina and water 1.333 for each refractive index, and after completion of the module cleaning, about 1.0 mL of the CMCNa aqueous solution was filled.
- the particle size distribution meter After performing offset measurement, optical axis adjustment, and background measurement at a pump speed of 50%, the particle size distribution meter shows the relative concentration indicating the percentage of light scattered by the particles to the outside of the beam.
- a graph of volume% with respect to the particle size (particle diameter) was obtained, and the accuracy was confirmed. It was confirmed that the median diameter D50 value obtained by the measurement was within 48.8 ⁇ m ⁇ 5.0 ⁇ m in the case of LS-13, and within 12.6 ⁇ m ⁇ 0.75 ⁇ m in the case of AS-50.
- CNF particle size distribution measurement Using the CNF aqueous dispersion prepared by the above method, the ratio of dispersed particles of CNF of 1 ⁇ m or less and the median diameter D50 value were measured according to the following method.
- the optical model of the LS 13 320 universal liquid module is set to CNF1.520, water 1.333 and the respective refractive indexes, and after completion of the module cleaning, about 1.0 mL of CMCNa aqueous solution is filled.
- the particle size distribution meter shows a relative concentration indicating the percentage of light that scatters the prepared CNF aqueous dispersion to the outside of the beam by the particles.
- Example 1> (Preparation of positive electrode slurry) First, N-methylpyrrolidone (manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Inc., hereinafter referred to as NMP) as a solvent, LiCoO 2 (average primary particle size 20 ⁇ m) as a positive electrode active material, polyvinylidene fluoride (hereinafter referred to as PVdF, as a binder, about molecular weight) 300,000), and the synthesized CNF-A was prepared as a conductive agent. Subsequently, PVdF was weighed and mixed so that the solid content was 1 part by mass and CNF was 1 part by mass, and NMP was added to this mixture and stirred until uniform. Furthermore, the LiCoO 2 powder was weighed so that the solid content was 98 parts by mass, added to the above mixture, and stirred until uniform to obtain a positive electrode slurry.
- NMP N-methylpyrrolidone
- LiCoO 2 average primary particle size 20 ⁇ m
- PVdF
- the prepared positive electrode slurry was formed into a film on an aluminum foil with an applicator, and allowed to stand in a dryer and preliminarily dried at 80 ° C. for 10 minutes and further at 105 ° C. for one hour. Next, it was pressed with a roll press machine at a linear pressure of 0.2 to 3 ton / cm, so that the thickness of the film including the aluminum foil was adjusted to 60 ⁇ m. In order to completely remove volatile components such as residual solvent and adsorbed moisture, vacuum drying was performed at 170 ° C. for 3 hours to obtain a positive electrode sheet. The positive electrode sheet was punched into a circle with a diameter of 14 mm to obtain a positive electrode.
- the lithium ion secondary battery was produced with a 2032 type coin cell.
- a half cell having lithium metal as a counter electrode was used.
- a polypropylene / polyethylene multilayer microporous membrane separator having a thickness of 20 ⁇ m and a diameter of 16 mm was inserted between the obtained positive electrode and negative electrode.
- LiPF 6 was dissolved at a concentration of 1 mol / L as an electrolyte was injected, and then coins were sealed and sealed.
- a lithium secondary battery of a 2032 type coin cell was produced.
- the battery performance was evaluated with the following method.
- Example 2 A positive electrode slurry was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the conductive agent was CNF-B. The results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 1 A positive electrode slurry was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the conductive agent was CNF (Flotube 9000) manufactured by CNano. This CNF had a D / G value of 1.7 and a median diameter D50 value of 43 ⁇ m, and the electrode plate resistance was inferior to those of Examples 1 and 2. The results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 2 A positive electrode slurry was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the conductive agent was CNF (NC7000) manufactured by Nanocyl. This CNF had a D / G value of 1.8 and a median diameter D50 value of 15 ⁇ m, and the electrode plate resistance was inferior to that of Examples 1 and 2. The results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 3 A positive electrode slurry was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the conductive agent was carbon black-A (specific surface area 133 m 2 / g, DBP oil absorption 267 mL / 100 g). This CB had a D / G value of 1.7 and a powder resistivity of 0.088 ⁇ cm, and the electrode plate resistance was inferior to that of Examples 1 and 2. The results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 4 A positive electrode slurry was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the conductive agent was carbon black B (specific surface area 39 m 2 / g, DBP oil absorption 177 mL / 100 g). This CB had a D / G value of 2.4 and a powder resistivity of 0.063 ⁇ cm, and the electrode plate resistance was inferior to that of Examples 1 and 2. The results are shown in Table 2.
- the positive electrode using the electrode materials of Examples 1 and 2 had a lower plate resistance than the positive electrode using the electrode materials of Comparative Examples 1 to 4.
- the lithium ion secondary batteries using the electrode materials of Examples 1 and 2 have relatively good discharge rate characteristics, and thus the electrode material of Examples of the present invention can suppress a decrease in voltage due to discharge. And a decrease in capacity due to an increase in discharge current can be suppressed.
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Abstract
Description
そもそも、一酸化炭素を主体とするガスから製造する方法で得られるCNFの収量や活性は十分ではなく、さらなる触媒の高活性が求められており、また得られるCNFを導電剤として使用する場合、より高い導電率(低い粉体抵抗率)のCNFが求められている。
(1)体積換算のメジアン径D50値が0.1~8μmであるカーボンナノファイバー、活物質及びバインダーを含有する、電極用導電性組成物。
(2)前記カーボンナノファイバーが、さらに9.8MPaの荷重下で測定した粉体抵抗率が0.03Ωcm以下で、かつD/Gが0.5~1.3である、(1)に記載の電極用導電性組成物。
(3)カーボンナノファイバーの含有量が、前記電極用導電性組成物の総和に対し、0.1~2質量%である、(1)または(2)に記載の電極用導電性組成物。
(4)前記活物質が、LiCoO2、LiMn2O4、LiNiO2、LiMPO4、Li2MSiO4、LiNiXMn(2-X)O4、Li(MnXNiYCoZ)O2、Li(AlXNiYCoZ)O2またはxLi2MnO3-(1-x)LiMO2のいずれか1種以上から選択される、(1)~(3)のいずれか一つに記載の電極用導電性組成物。但し、LiNiXMn(2-X)O4中のXは0<X<2という関係を満たし、Li(MnXNiYCoZ)O2中又はLi(AlXNiYCoZ)O2中のX、Y及びZは、X+Y+Z=1という関係を満たし、かつ0<X<1、0<Y<1、0<Z<1という関係を満たし、xLi2MnO3-(1-x)LiMO2中のxは0<x<1という関係を満たし、さらにLiMPO4中、Li2MSiO4中又はxLi2MnO3-(1-x)LiMO2中のMはFe、Co、Ni、Mnから選ばれる元素の1種以上である。
(5)前記バインダーが、ポリフッ化ビニリデン、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン、スチレンブタジエン共重合体、(メタ)アクリル酸エステル共重合体、ポリビニルアルコール、及びポリビニルアルコールとポリアクリロニトリルとの共重合体のいずれか1種以上から選択される、(1)~(4)のいずれか一つに記載の電極用導電性組成物。
(6)前記カーボンナノファイバーが、コバルトを主成分とする活性種を触媒として用いた、一酸化炭素を炭素源とするカーボンナノファイバーであって、前記触媒が、前記活性種を比表面積が0.01~5m2/gであるマグネシウムを含有する酸化物からなる担体に3~150質量%担持した触媒であり、反応温度が670~780℃であり、一酸化炭素分圧が0.04~0.98MPaであり、水素分圧が一酸化炭素分圧に対し1~100%であり、かつ一酸化炭素ガス流速が1NL/g-活性種・分以上の条件下で製造したものである、(1)~(5)のいずれか一つに記載の電極用導電性組成物。
(7)(1)~(6)のいずれか一つに記載の電極用導電性組成物を用いた、リチウムイオン二次電池用電極。
(8)(7)に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池用電極を用いた、リチウムイオン二次電池。
本明細書におけるCNFの定義は、平均外径5~100nm、好ましくは5~50nm、ファイバー長の外径に対する比を示すアスペクト比が10以上であり、多層カーボンナノチューブ(以下、MWCNTと記載)をも包含する概念であり、より好ましくは、MWCNTを主成分とするものである。MWCNTはおおよそ5nm以上の外径を有する。また外径が大きくなりすぎる、例えば50nmを超えると、単位重量あたりのMWCNTの本数が減少してしまい導電ネットワークを形成しづらくなる恐れがある。
本明細書におけるCNFの定義には単層カーボンナノチューブ(以下、SWCNTと記載)は含まれない。SWCNTは高導電性を示す特徴が有るが、カイラリティによる異性体が存在し、また強固なバンドル構造をとり分散が困難になる等実用上の課題が有り、本発明の目的とするものではない。本明細書のCNFとしては、MWCNTが最も好ましい。本発明のCNFの代表例として図3に実施例1で使用したCNFのTEM写真を示す。MWCNTであることが示される。
本明細書における合成活性とは、単位活性種質量あたり、単位時間あたり得られたCNFの質量である。また本明細書における触媒活性とは単位触媒質量あたり、単位時間あたり、得られたCNFの質量である。ここでいう活性種とはコバルトを主成分とする金属である。
さらに担体とは、該活性種を担持するための、酸化物を意味する。
0.5~1質量%が、分散性と導電性を両立する上でより好ましい。この範囲は電池や活物質の種類によって変動するものであり、必ずしもこの範囲内に収まる必要は無い。なお、導電剤として、本発明のCNF以外の導電剤を含んでもよい。導電剤としては、炭素繊維、人造黒鉛、天然黒鉛、アセチレンブラック、ファーネスブラック等のカーボンブラック、膨張黒鉛、金属粉等を用いることができる。なお、上記CNFの含有量は0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5、0.6、0.7、0.8、0.9、1、1.1、1.2、1.3、1.4、1.5、1.6、1.7、1.8、1.9、2から選ばれるいずれかの数値の範囲にあればよい。
なお、一酸化炭素ガス分圧に対する水素ガス分圧は以下の式によって計算できる。
一酸化炭素ガス分圧に対する水素ガス分圧=X1/X2×100(%)
但し、X1:水素ガスのモル比、X2:一酸化炭素ガスのモル比
例えば、原料ガス組成がCO/H2/N2=85/15/0の混合ガスの場合であれば、一酸化炭素ガス分圧に対する水素ガス分圧は、
一酸化炭素ガス分圧に対する水素ガス分圧=15/85×100=18(%)
と計算できる。
尚、「NL」とは標準状態(0℃、1気圧)に換算したガス量L(リットル)を示し、「NL/g-活性種・分」とは、単位活性種存在下(活性種1gあたり)での1分間のガス流量を示す。
本発明で使用する活物質としては、LiCoO2、LiMn2O4、LiNiO2、LiMPO4、Li2MSiO4、LiNiXMn(2-X)O4、Li(MnXNiYCoZ)O2、Li(AlXNiYCoZ)O2またはxLi2MnO3-(1-x)LiMO2(但し、LiNiXMn(2-X)O4中のXは0<X<2という関係を満たし、Li(MnXNiYCoZ)O2中又はLi(AlXNiYCoZ)O2中のX、Y及びZは、X+Y+Z=1という関係を満たしかつ0<X<1、0<Y<1、0<Z<1という関係を満たし、xLi2MnO3-(1-x)LiMO2中のxは0<x<1という関係を満たし、さらにLiMPO4中、Li2MSiO4中又はxLi2MnO3-(1-x)LiMO2中のMはFe、Co、Ni、Mnから選ばれる元素の一種又は二種以上である)が好ましい。
バインダーとしては、例えば、ポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVdF)、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン、スチレンブタジエン共重合体、(メタ)アクリル酸エステル共重合体、ポリビニルアルコール、及びポリビニルアルコールとポリアクリロニトリルとの共重合体が挙げられる。バインダーとしてのポリマーの構造には制約がなく、ランダム共重合体、交互共重合体、グラフト共重合体、ブロック共重合体なども使用できる。これらの中では、耐酸化性の点でPVdFが好ましい。
本発明のCNF、活物質及びバインダーの分散液を、結着剤の溶媒溶液(分散液)とボールミル、サンドミル、二軸混練機、自転公転式攪拌機、プラネタリーミキサー、ディスパーミキサー等により混合することでスラリーを得る。なお、スラリーの粘度を調整するために、粘度調整剤を使用することができる。粘度調整剤としては、ポリビニルアルコール、カルボキシメチルセルロース及びその塩、メチルセルロース及びその塩、ポリメタクリル酸及びその塩等の水溶性ポリマーが挙げられる。塩の具体例としては、ナトリウムやカリウム等のアルカリ金属が挙げられる。
リチウムイオン二次電池用電極(以下、電極と略)は、本発明の電極用導電性組成物のスラリーを金属板上に塗布し、乾燥して集電体を積層して得ることができる。金属板としては、通常、アルミニウムが好ましく用いられる。また、負極集電体の金属板としては、通常、銅が好ましく用いられる。金属板の形状は、特に限定するものではないが、箔状が好ましい。金属板の厚さは、加工性を容易にする点から、厚さは5~30μmが好ましい。スラリーに用いる溶媒は活物質に対して不活性であり、且つバインダーを溶解・分散し得る限り特に制限されない。好適な溶媒の一例としては、N-メチル-2-ピロリドンが挙げられる。
次いで、スラリーに含まれる溶媒を除去し、CNFと活物質がバインターを介して相互に結着された電極用導電性組成物を形成する。さらに複合集電体と電極合材層をロールプレス等により加圧して密着させることにより目的とする電極を得ることができる。
硝酸コバルト六水和物(3N5、関東化学社製)6.17gを量り取り、質量比2:1の蒸留水とエタノール混合溶媒30gに溶解した。この硝酸コバルト水溶液に比表面積0.61m2/gの酸化マグネシウム(DENMAG(登録商標)KMAOH-F、タテホ化学社製)を2.5g加え、湯浴で50℃に保持した状態で1時間撹拌した。撹拌後、エバポレータで水を蒸発させた。得られた固体成分を60℃で24時間真空乾燥し、その後400℃で5時間焼成処理を行った。焼成処理後、得られた固体成分をメノウ乳鉢で粉砕し、コバルト金属が50質量%担持したコバルト-酸化マグネシウム担持触媒を得た。
原料の一酸化炭素は、(株)鈴木商館から購入した、G1グレード(純度99.95%)を使用した。
石英製の反応管内に、上記の触媒調製で得られた担持率50%のコバルト-酸化マグネシウム担持触媒を活性種の含有量が5mgとなるように仕込んだ触媒ホルダーを設置し、窒素を十分流して窒素置換した。さらに、窒素80%、水素20%の還元ガスを大気圧(101kPa)下、表1に示す680℃に昇温し、680℃に達してから30分間保持して触媒の還元を行った。引き続き、一酸化炭素ガス分圧を0.086MPaとし、水素ガス分圧を0.015MPaとした原料ガスを、一酸化炭素ガス流速が13NL/g-活性種・分となるように触媒層に通過させ、1時間反応を行った。その後、原料ガスを窒素ガスに切り替え、直ちに冷却した。以降、該製造条件で製造されたCNFをCNF-Aと呼ぶ。
反応温度を700℃とした以外はCNF-Aの製造と同様の方法でCNFの合成を行った。以降、該製造条件で製造されたCNFをCNF-Bと呼ぶ。
合成したCNFには担体として使用した酸化マグネシウムおよび活性種が含まれている。触媒活性が3g-CNF/g-触媒・h未満の場合には、合成により得られたCNF中の、酸化マグネシウムおよび活性種量が多くなり、導電性や分散性に影響を与える場合があるため、酸化マグネシウムと活性種の除去処理を行った。まず、2mol/L塩酸400mLに、合成したCNF2gを入れ、プライミクス社製のロボミックスFモデル、撹拌部にはモホミクサーMARK2-2.5型を使用し、回転速度7000rpmで10分間分散処理を行った。その後、CNF含有塩酸を遠心分離し、上澄みを捨て、蒸留水を加えて攪拌し、これを、上澄み中の塩化物イオンが、硝酸銀水溶液によって検出されなくなるまで繰り返した。その後、固形分を110℃で13時間減圧乾燥した。
酸化マグネシウムおよび活性種の除去処理を行った後、ラマン分光測定を行いD/G値を求め、さらに粉体抵抗率、比表面積およびメジアン径を測定した。結果を表2に示す。
CNF粉体の比表面積は、Mountech社製Macsorb HM model-1201を用い、JIS K6217-2に従いBET一点法で求めた。
前記方法で求めた比表面積の値を用いて、以下の式によりCNFの平均繊維径を算出した。なお、非特許文献Composites:PartA 41(2010)1345-1367に基づき、CNFの密度は、1.8g/cm3と仮定した。算出結果を表2に示す。
平均繊維径(nm)=1000×4/(ρ×S)
但し、ρ:CNFの密度(g/cm3)、S:CNFの比表面積(m2/g)とする。
CNF粉体の体積抵抗率は、三菱化学アナリティック社製ロレスタGP:粉体抵抗測定システムMCP-PD51型を用い、23℃、相対湿度50%の雰囲気にて、荷重9.8MPaの条件下、四探針法にて求めた。測定には100mgのサンプルを用いた。
CNF粉体のラマン分光測定は、顕微レーザーラマン分光分析装置(Niolet Almega-XR型、サーモフィッシャーサイエンティフィック社製、レーザー532nm)を用い行った。Dバンド(D1:ピーク位置1330cm-1、D3:1500cm-1、D4:1150cm-1)とGバンド(G+:1600cm-1、G-:1570cm-1)の波形分離を行った後、Dバンドピークに由来する面積の総和とGバンドピークに由来する面積の総和の比(D/G値)を求めた。本D/G値が低いほどCNFの結晶性が高いことを示している。
(参考)
D1:グラファイト結晶構造内の点欠陥、結晶端由来の欠陥に由来
D3:アモルファスカーボンに由来
D4:ポリエンやイオン性不純物に由来
G+:グラファイトの結晶性ピーク:縦光学モード
G-:グラファイトの結晶性ピーク:横光学モード
分散性評価は、粒度分布測定装置(LS 13 320 ユニバーサルリキッドモジュール BECKMAN COULTER社製)にて行なった。
なお、1μm以下の分散粒子の割合およびメジアン径D50値の測定に先立ち、粒度分布測定装置の検定を行ない、下記各検定用試料の測定で得られたメジアン径D50値が以下の条件をすべて満足した場合、装置の測定精度は合格とし、実施例、比較例の粒度分布測定を実施した。
[水分散媒の調製]
蒸留水100mLにカルボキシメチルセルロースナトリウム(以下CMCNaと記載)0.10gを添加し、24時間以上常温で撹拌し溶解させ、CMCNa0.1質量%の水分散媒を調製した。
[CMCNa水溶液の調製]
蒸留水100mLにCMCNa2.0gを添加し、24時間以上常温で撹拌し溶解させ、CMCNa2.0質量%の水溶液を調製した。
(1)ポリスチレン分散液による検定
粒度分布測定装置(LS 13 320 ユニバーサルリキッドモジュール BECKMAN COULTER社製)に付属された、測定精度確認用LATRON300LS(メジアン径D50値:0.297μm)水分散液を使用した。
光学モデルをポリスチレン1.600、水1.333とそれぞれの屈折率に設定し、モジュ-ル洗浄終了後に前記CMCNa水溶液を約1.0mL充填した。ポンプスピード50%の条件でオフセット測定、光軸調整、バックグラウンド測定を行った後、粒度分布計に、LATRON300LSを粒子によってビームの外側に散乱する光のパーセントを示す相対濃度が8~12%、もしくはPIDS(偏光散乱強度差)が40%~55%になるように加え、粒度分布測定を行った。粒度(粒子径)に対する体積%のグラフを得て、精度の確認を行った。測定で得られたメジアン径D50値は0.297μm±0.018μm以内、同D10値は0.245μm±0.024μm以内、同D90値は0.360μm±0.036μm以内の範囲に入ることを確認した。
バイアル瓶に電気化学工業(株)製のアルミナLS-13(メジアン径D50値:45μm)および昭和電工(株)製のアルミナAS-50(メジアン径D50値:6.7μm)をそれぞれ0.120g秤量し、前記水分散媒を12.0g添加し、バイアル瓶を良く振りアルミナ水分散液を作製した。
光学モデルをアルミナ1.768、水1.333とそれぞれの屈折率に設定し、モジュ-ル洗浄終了後に前記CMCNa水溶液を約1.0mL充填した。ポンプスピード50%の条件でオフセット測定、光軸調整、バックグラウンド測定を行った後、粒度分布計に、調製した上記アルミナ水分散液を粒子によってビームの外側に散乱する光のパーセントを示す相対濃度が8~12%、もしくはPIDSが40%~55%になるように加え、粒度分布測定を行った。粒度(粒子径)に対する体積%のグラフを得て、精度の確認を行った。測定で得られたメジアン径D50値がLS-13の場合は48.8μm±5.0μm以内、AS-50の場合は、12.6μm±0.75μm以内の範囲に入ることを確認した。
バイアル瓶にCNFを6.0mg秤量し、前記水分散媒6.0gを添加した。測定前処理に超音波ホモジナイザーSmurtNR-50((株)マイクロテック・ニチオン製)を用いた。
チップの劣化がないことを確認し、チップが処理サンプル液面から10mm以上つかるように調整した。TIME SET(照射時間)を40秒、POW SETを50%、START POWを50%(出力50%)とし、出力電力が一定であるオ-トパワ-運転による超音波照射により均一化させCNF水分散液を作製した。
前記の方法により調製したCNF水分散液を用い、CNFの1μm以下の分散粒子の割合およびメジアン径D50値の測定を、以下の方法に従い実施した。LS 13 320 ユニバーサルリキッドモジュールの光学モデルをCNF1.520、水1.333とそれぞれの屈折率に設定し、モジュ-ル洗浄終了後にCMCNa水溶液を約1.0mL充填する。ポンプスピード50%の条件でオフセット測定、光軸調整、バックグラウンド測定を行った後、粒度分布計に、調製したCNF水分散液を粒子によってビームの外側に散乱する光のパーセントを示す相対濃度が8~12%、もしくはPIDSが40%~55%になるように加え、粒度分布計付属装置により78W、2分間超音波照射を行い(測定前処理)、30秒循環し気泡を除いた後に粒度分布測定を行った。粒度(粒子径)に対する体積%のグラフを得て、1μm以下の分散粒子の存在割合及びメジアン径D50値を求めた。
測定は、CNF1試料につき、採取場所を変え3測定用サンプルを採取して粒度分布測定を行い、1μm以下の分散粒子の存在割合及びメジアン径D50値をその平均値で求めた。
(正極スラリーの調製)
先ず、溶媒としてN-メチルピロリドン(関東化学株式会社製、以下、NMPと記載)、正極活物質としてLiCoO2(平均一次粒子径20μm)、バインダーとしてポリフッ化ビニリデン(以下、PVdFと記載、分子量約30万)、導電剤として上記合成したCNF-Aをそれぞれ用意した。
次いで、PVdFが固形分で1質量部、CNFが固形分で1質量部となるように秤量して混合し、この混合物にNMPを添加し、均一になるまで攪拌した。
さらに、LiCoO2粉末が固形分で98質量部となるように秤量し、上記混合物に添加し、均一になるまで攪拌し、正極スラリーを得た。
[正極スラリーの固形物含有量]
調製した正極スラリー2mLをアルミ容器に入れ、これを、大気圧下、105℃において5時間放置し、NMPを蒸発させた。次に、NMPを蒸発後の質量と、蒸発前の質量比より固形分含有量を評価した。
固形分含有量=M2/M1×100(%)
但し、M1:NMP蒸発前の質量、M2:NMP蒸発後の質量
次に、調製した正極スラリーを、アルミ箔上にアプリケータにて成膜し、乾燥機内に静置して80℃、10分、更に105℃、一時間で予備乾燥させた。次に、ロールプレス機にて0.2~3ton/cmの線圧でプレスし、アルミ箔を含んだ膜の厚さが60μmになるように調製した。残留溶媒や吸着水分といった揮発成分を完全に除去するため、170℃で3時間真空乾燥して正極シートを得た。この正極シートから直径14mmの円形に打ち抜き、正極を得た。
[正極の極板抵抗]
作製した正極をステンレス製のセルにはさみ、交流インピーダンス測定機(ソーラトロン社製)を用いて、振幅電圧10mV、周波数範囲1Hz~100kHzにて交流インピーダンスを測定した。得られた抵抗成分値を極板抵抗とした。
厚さ0.5mmのLi金属を直径15mmの円形に打ち抜き、負極とした。
リチウムイオン二次電池は2032型コインセルで作製した。コインセルはリチウム金属を対極とするハーフセルを用いた。
得られた正極と負極の間に、厚み20μm、直径16mmのポリプロピレン/ポリエチレン多層微多孔膜セパレーターを挿入した。次いで、電解質としてLiPF6を1mol/Lの濃度で溶解した非水溶液系の電解液(エチレンカーボーネート/ジエチルカーボネート=1/2(質量比)混合液)を1mL注入した後、コインをしめて密閉し、2032型コインセルのリチウム二次電池を作製した。作製したリチウムイオン二次電池について、以下の方法により電池性能を評価した。
[放電レート特性(高率放電容量維持率)]
作製したリチウムイオン二次電池を、25℃において4.2V、0.2ItA(0.666mA)制限の定電流定電圧充電をした後、0.2ItAの定電流で2.5Vまで放電した。
次いで、放電電流を0.2ItA、0.5ItA、1ItA、2ItA、3ItA、5ItAと変化させ、各放電電流に対する放電容量を測定した。各測定における回復充電は4.2Vの定電流定電圧充電を行った。そして、0.2ItA放電時に対する5ItA放電時の高率放電容量維持率を計算した。
導電剤をCNF-Bとした以外は、実施例1と同様にして正極スラリーを作製した。結果を表2に示す。
導電剤をCNano社製CNF(Flotube9000)とした以外は、実施例1と同様にして正極スラリーを作製した。このCNFはD/G値が1.7、メジアン径D50値が43μmであり、極板抵抗は実施例1、2に劣る結果となった。結果を表2に示す。
導電剤をNanocyl社製CNF(NC7000)とした以外は、実施例1と同様にして正極スラリーを作製した。このCNFはD/G値が1.8、メジアン径D50値が15μmであり、極板抵抗は実施例1、2に劣る結果となった。結果を表2に示す。
導電剤をカーボンブラックーA(比表面積133m2/g、DBP吸油量267mL/100g)とした以外は、実施例1と同様にして正極スラリーを作製した。このCBはD/G値が1.7、粉体抵抗率が0.088Ωcmであり、極板抵抗は実施例1、2に劣る結果となった。結果を表2に示す。
導電剤をカーボンブラックーB(比表面積39m2/g、DBP吸油量177mL/100g)とした以外は、実施例1と同様にして正極スラリーを作製した。このCBはD/G値が2.4、粉体抵抗率が0.063Ωcmであり、極板抵抗は実施例1、2に劣る結果となった。結果を表2に示す。
Claims (8)
- 体積換算のメジアン径D50値が0.1~8μmであるカーボンナノファイバー、活物質及びバインダーを含有する、電極用導電性組成物。
- 前記カーボンナノファイバーが、さらに9.8MPaの荷重下で測定した粉体抵抗率が0.03Ωcm以下で、かつD/Gが0.5~1.3である、請求項1に記載の電極用導電性組成物。
- 前記カーボンナノファイバーの含有量が、前記電極用導電性組成物の総和に対し、0.1~2質量%である、請求項1または2に記載の電極用導電性組成物。
- 前記活物質が、LiCoO2、LiMn2O4、LiNiO2、LiMPO4、Li2MSiO4、LiNiXMn(2-X)O4、Li(MnXNiYCoZ)O2、Li(AlXNiYCoZ)O2またはxLi2MnO3-(1-x)LiMO2のいずれか1種以上から選択される、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の電極用導電性組成物。
但し、LiNiXMn(2-X)O4中のXは0<X<2という関係を満たし、Li(MnXNiYCoZ)O2中又はLi(AlXNiYCoZ)O2中のX、Y及びZは、X+Y+Z=1という関係を満たし、かつ0<X<1、0<Y<1、0<Z<1という関係を満たし、xLi2MnO3-(1-x)LiMO2中のxは0<x<1という関係を満たし、さらにLiMPO4中、Li2MSiO4中又はxLi2MnO3-(1-x)LiMO2中のMはFe、Co、Ni、Mnから選ばれる元素の1種以上である。 - 前記バインダーが、ポリフッ化ビニリデン、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン、スチレンブタジエン共重合体、(メタ)アクリル酸エステル共重合体、ポリビニルアルコール、及びポリビニルアルコールとポリアクリロニトリルとの共重合体のいずれか1種以上から選択される、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の電極用導電性組成物。
- 前記カーボンナノファイバーが、コバルトを主成分とする活性種を触媒として用いた、一酸化炭素を炭素源とするカーボンナノファイバーであって、前記触媒が、前記活性種を比表面積が0.01~5m2/gであるマグネシウムを含有する酸化物からなる担体に3~150質量%担持した触媒であり、反応温度が670~780℃であり、一酸化炭素分圧が0.04~0.98MPaであり、水素分圧が一酸化炭素分圧に対し1~100%であり、かつ一酸化炭素ガス流速が1NL/g-活性種・分以上の条件下で製造したものである、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の電極用導電性組成物。
- 請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の電極用導電性組成物を用いた、リチウムイオン二次電池用電極。
- 請求項7に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池用電極を用いた、リチウムイオン二次電池。
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CN107148692A (zh) | 2017-09-08 |
JPWO2016024525A1 (ja) | 2017-07-27 |
US10714746B2 (en) | 2020-07-14 |
JP6663851B2 (ja) | 2020-03-13 |
CN107148692B (zh) | 2020-09-08 |
US20170288218A1 (en) | 2017-10-05 |
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