WO2019216275A1 - リチウムイオン二次電池用正極組成物、リチウムイオン二次電池用正極、及びリチウムイオン二次電池 - Google Patents
リチウムイオン二次電池用正極組成物、リチウムイオン二次電池用正極、及びリチウムイオン二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019216275A1 WO2019216275A1 PCT/JP2019/017989 JP2019017989W WO2019216275A1 WO 2019216275 A1 WO2019216275 A1 WO 2019216275A1 JP 2019017989 W JP2019017989 W JP 2019017989W WO 2019216275 A1 WO2019216275 A1 WO 2019216275A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
- H01M4/625—Carbon or graphite
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/133—Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/021—Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a positive electrode composition for a lithium ion secondary battery, a positive electrode for a lithium ion secondary battery, and a lithium ion secondary battery.
- One of the key devices required for these technologies is a battery, and such a battery requires a high energy density for downsizing the system.
- high output characteristics are required to enable stable power supply regardless of the ambient temperature.
- good cycle characteristics that can withstand long-term use are also required. Therefore, replacement of conventional lead storage batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries, and nickel-hydrogen batteries with lithium ion secondary batteries having higher energy density, output characteristics, and cycle characteristics is rapidly progressing.
- the basic configuration of such a lithium ion secondary battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator, and an electrolyte.
- the positive electrode generally includes a positive electrode active material such as a lithium composite oxide, a conductive material, and a binder. It consists of metal foil collectors, such as a composition and aluminum. In general, a particulate carbon material such as carbon black is used as the conductive material.
- carbon black has a structure in which primary particles close to a spherical shape are connected in a bead shape as a common structure, and such a structure is called a structure.
- the length of the structure is indirectly evaluated using the DBP absorption amount measured in accordance with JIS K6217-4. Generally, the larger the DBP absorption amount, the longer the structure, and the effect of imparting conductivity, Excellent liquid retention, which is the ability to hold a non-aqueous electrolyte.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a technology in which a carbon nanofiber performs an electrical bridge between an active material and carbon black, thereby creating a good conductive path in an electrode and obtaining a battery having excellent cycle characteristics. .
- carbon black with a small particle diameter and a long structure is used, conductivity can be imparted with less addition, there is a problem that a sufficient conductive path is not formed and the content of the active material cannot be increased. Met.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a technique for preventing a conductive material from being unevenly distributed in an electrode by using carbon black and carbon nanotubes together and obtaining a battery having excellent output characteristics.
- the ratio of the fibrous carbon material is 1 to 20% by weight and the ratio of the granular carbon material is 99 to 80% by weight when the entire conductive material is 100% by weight.
- a technology for obtaining a battery with improved conductivity and excellent cycle characteristics and output characteristics is disclosed.
- any of the inventions is a technique based on the premise that a large amount of conductive material is added, it has been a problem that the content of the active material cannot be increased.
- Patent Document 4 discloses a technique for obtaining a battery having excellent output characteristics and cycle characteristics by using carbon black and graphitized carbon fiber in combination to stabilize the conductive path in the positive electrode.
- Patent Document 5 discloses a technique for obtaining a battery having low resistance and excellent discharge capacity and cycle characteristics by using carbon black and fibrous carbon in combination.
- the fibrous carbon material used has a large fiber diameter, it is necessary to add a large amount of fibrous carbon material in order to form a sufficient conductive path. Will decrease. For this reason, a sufficient electrolytic solution cannot be held in the vicinity of the active material, so that a sufficient output characteristic cannot be obtained when used in a low temperature environment.
- the present invention is a lithium ion secondary battery that can easily obtain a lithium ion secondary battery that has high energy density, low internal resistance, and excellent output characteristics, cycle characteristics, and low temperature characteristics.
- An object is to provide a positive electrode composition.
- lithium cobaltate as an active material, carbon black having a small particle diameter and a long structure as a conductive material, and a carbon nanotube having a specific BET specific surface area and aspect ratio with a small fiber diameter.
- a lithium ion secondary battery manufactured using a positive electrode composition for lithium ion secondary batteries which has been found, has high energy density, low internal resistance, excellent output characteristics, cycle characteristics, and low temperature characteristics. It is.
- a positive electrode composition for a lithium ion secondary battery including an active material capable of inserting and extracting lithium ions and a conductive material, wherein the active material is a lithium cobalt composite oxide, and the conductive material is carbon black, and
- the carbon black has a BET specific surface area of 100 to 400 m 2 / g, a DBP absorption of 210 to 400 ml / 100 g, an average diameter of the carbon nanotube of 20 nm or less, and a BET specific surface area of 170 m 2 / g or more, the aspect ratio is 50 or more, the carbon black content X (unit: mass%) in the positive electrode composition, and the carbon nanotube content Y (unit: mass%) Satisfy
- the positive electrode composition for lithium ion secondary batteries characterized by the above-mentioned.
- a lithium ion secondary battery comprising the positive electrode for a lithium ion secondary battery according to (5).
- the positive electrode composition for lithium ion secondary batteries which can obtain easily the lithium ion secondary battery with high energy density, small internal resistance, and excellent in output characteristics, cycling characteristics, and low temperature characteristics is provided. can do.
- the positive electrode composition for a lithium ion secondary battery of the present invention is a positive electrode composition for a lithium ion secondary battery including an active material and a conductive material, the active material is a lithium cobalt composite oxide, and the conductive material is carbon.
- the carbon black has a BET specific surface area of 100 to 400 m 2 / g, a DBP absorption of 210 to 400 ml / 100 g, an average diameter of the carbon nanotube of 20 nm or less, and a BET A positive electrode composition for a lithium ion secondary battery having a specific surface area of 170 m 2 / g or more and an aspect ratio of 50 or more.
- lithium cobaltate can be used as the lithium cobalt composite oxide which is an active material in the present invention.
- lithium cobaltate those produced by a conventionally known method such as a solid phase method, a liquid phase method, and a gas phase method are used in the same manner as lithium cobaltate as a general battery active material.
- a metal oxide such as ZrO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , TiO 2 , SiO 2 , MgO, TiO 2 or the like whose surface is coated with an active material with Li 2 CO 3 , AlF 3 or the like may be used.
- other active materials other than lithium cobaltate can also be included.
- the average particle diameter D 50 of the lithium cobalt composite oxide such as lithium cobaltate in the present invention is preferably 10 to 20 ⁇ m.
- the average particle diameter of the present invention is a value measured by a laser diffraction / scattering particle size distribution measuring device in accordance with JIS Z 8825, in which a positive electrode active material is dispersed using ethanol as a dispersion medium.
- content of lithium cobalt complex oxides, such as lithium cobaltate in this invention is 96 mass% or more with respect to the positive electrode composition containing lithium cobaltate, a electrically conductive material, and a binder. By setting it as such content, it becomes easy to obtain the battery which has a sufficiently high energy density.
- the conductive material in the present invention is carbon black and carbon nanotubes.
- Carbon black is selected from acetylene black, furnace black, channel black, and the like, as is carbon black as a general battery conductive material. Among these, acetylene black having excellent crystallinity and purity is preferable. In addition, as long as the effect of this invention is not prevented, other conductive materials other than carbon black and a carbon nanotube may be included.
- the BET specific surface area of the carbon black in the present invention is 100 to 400 m 2 / g.
- the BET specific surface area of the carbon black in the present invention is 100 to 400 m 2 / g.
- the BET specific surface area of carbon black is more preferably 120 to 380 m 2 / g.
- the BET specific surface area of the present invention is a value measured by a static capacity method in accordance with JIS Z 8830 using nitrogen as an adsorbate.
- the DBP absorption amount of carbon black in the present invention is 210 to 400 ml / 100 g.
- the structure when used as a conductive material has a sufficient length and spread, and a good conductive path and liquid retention of a non-aqueous electrolyte can be obtained.
- aggregation by the entanglement of structures is suppressed by setting it as 400 ml / 100g or less, it is uniformly disperse
- the DBP absorption amount of carbon black is more preferably 250 to 320 ml / 100 g.
- the DBP absorption amount of the present invention is a value measured according to JIS K6217-4.
- the volume resistivity of carbon black in the present invention is not particularly limited, but it is preferably as low as possible from the viewpoint of conductivity. Specifically, the volume resistivity measured under 7.5 MPa compression is preferably 0.30 ⁇ ⁇ cm or less, and more preferably 0.25 ⁇ ⁇ cm or less.
- the ash content and moisture content of carbon black in the present invention are not particularly limited, but are preferably as small as possible from the viewpoint of suppressing side reactions.
- the ash content is preferably 0.04% by mass or less
- the water content is preferably 0.10% by mass or less.
- the average diameter of the carbon nanotubes in the present invention is 20 nm or less, the BET specific surface area is 170 m 2 / g or more, and the aspect ratio is 50 or more.
- the average diameter of the carbon nanotubes is more preferably 15 nm or less, and the BET specific surface area is more preferably larger than 200 m 2 / g.
- the aspect ratio is set to 50 or more, a conductive path with less interruption can be efficiently formed on the surface of the active material.
- the aspect ratio of the carbon nanotube is more preferably 100 or more.
- the average diameter and aspect ratio of the present invention are shapes measured by an image analysis method using a transmission electron microscope, a reflection electron microscope, an optical microscope, and the like.
- the size is represented by the average value of carbon nanotubes.
- the aspect ratio is a ratio of average length / average diameter.
- the BET specific surface area of the present invention is a value measured by a static capacity method in accordance with JIS Z 8830 using nitrogen as an adsorbate.
- the carbon black content X (unit: mass%) and the carbon nanotube content Y (unit: mass%) are 0.5 ⁇ (X + Y) ⁇ 2.0 and 0.80 ⁇ ⁇ X / (X + Y). ) ⁇ ⁇ 0.95.
- 0.5 ⁇ (X + Y) ⁇ 2.0 a sufficient conductivity imparting effect can be obtained while suppressing the content of the conductive material, which is a component that does not contribute to the charge / discharge capacity, in the positive electrode composition.
- 0.80 ⁇ ⁇ X / (X + Y) ⁇ ⁇ 0.95 the carbon black in the positive electrode composition forms a conductive path between the active materials and holds a non-aqueous electrolyte in the vicinity of the active materials.
- an electrode structure is formed in which the carbon nanotubes are responsible for forming a conductive path on the surface of the active material.
- the electrode thus obtained has both a good conductive path and an ion conductive path, and good battery characteristics can be obtained when used in a battery.
- X + Y is more preferably 0.9 or more, and more preferably 1.3 or less.
- the production of the positive electrode composition for a lithium ion secondary battery of the present invention is not particularly limited, and a conventionally known method can be used.
- a conventionally known method can be used.
- it can be obtained by mixing a positive electrode active material, a conductive material, and a solvent dispersion solution of a binder with a ball mill, a sand mill, a twin-screw kneader, a rotating and rotating stirrer, a planetary mixer, a disper mixer, etc. And manufactured and used in the state of a dispersion dispersed in a dispersion medium.
- the positive electrode active material and the conductive material those described above may be used.
- Carbon black and carbon nanotubes may be charged separately into the mixer or may be mixed in advance.
- binder examples include polymers such as polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, styrene-butadiene copolymer, polyvinyl alcohol, acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymer, and carboxylic acid-modified (meth) acrylic acid ester copolymer. It is done. Among these, polyvinylidene fluoride is preferable in terms of oxidation resistance.
- dispersion medium examples include water, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, cyclohexane, methyl ethyl ketone, and methyl isobutyl ketone. When using polyvinylidene fluoride as a binder, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone is preferable from the viewpoint of solubility.
- the positive electrode composition for a lithium ion secondary battery of the present invention can contain components other than the positive electrode active material, the conductive material, and the binder as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- components other than the positive electrode active material, the conductive material, and the binder for example, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyvinyl imidazole, polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl butyral, carboxymethyl cellulose, acetyl cellulose, or a carboxylic acid-modified (meth) acrylic acid ester copolymer may be included for the purpose of improving dispersibility.
- the method for producing the positive electrode for a lithium ion secondary battery of the present invention is not particularly limited, and may be performed using a conventionally known positive electrode production method.
- it can be produced by the following method. That is, after the dispersion is applied onto a metal foil current collector such as aluminum, the dispersion medium contained in the positive electrode composition of the present invention is removed by heating, and the positive electrode composition for a secondary battery is applied to the surface of the current collector. Obtained by film formation.
- the target electrode can be obtained by pressurizing the current collector and the electrode mixture layer with a roll press or the like to bring them into close contact.
- the method for producing the lithium ion secondary battery of the present invention is not particularly limited and may be performed using a conventionally known method for producing a secondary battery.
- the method can also be produced by the following method. That is, by placing a polyolefin microporous membrane serving as an insulating layer between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and pouring until the non-aqueous electrolyte is sufficiently infiltrated into the voids of the positive electrode, the negative electrode and the polyolefin microporous membrane. Can be produced.
- the lithium ion secondary battery of the present invention is not particularly limited.
- a portable AV device such as a digital camera, a video camera, a portable audio player, a portable liquid crystal television, a portable information terminal such as a notebook computer, a smartphone, and a mobile PC,
- a portable game device such as a digital camera, a video camera, a portable audio player, a portable liquid crystal television, a portable information terminal such as a notebook computer, a smartphone, and a mobile PC
- portable game devices such as a digital camera, a video camera, a portable audio player, a portable liquid crystal television, a portable information terminal such as a notebook computer, a smartphone, and a mobile PC.
- the positive electrode composition for a lithium ion secondary battery of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to Examples and Comparative Examples. However, the present invention is not limited to the following examples unless it exceeds the gist.
- Lithium cobalt oxide (“KD-20”, “KD-20”) LiCoO 2 having an average particle diameter D 50 of 20 ⁇ m as an active material, carbon black having a BET specific surface area of 370 m 2 / g and a DBP absorption of 310 ml / 100 g as a conductive material (Denka Co., “SAB”, described as acetylene black-A in Table 1), and N-methylpyrrolidone dispersion of carbon nanotubes having an average diameter of 9 nm and a BET specific surface area of 243 m 2 / g (manufactured by CNano, “LB107” (described as CNT-A in Table 1) was prepared.
- Negative electrode composition for lithium ion secondary battery [graphite (Shenzhen BTR, “AGP-2A”) 95% by mass, carbon black (Denka, “Li-400”) 1.0% by mass, polyvinylidene fluoride 1 .5 mass%, styrene-butadiene copolymer mass 2.5%] was applied to a copper foil having a thickness of 20 ⁇ m using a baker type applicator, dried, then pressed and cut, for a lithium ion secondary battery. A negative electrode was obtained.
- Lithium ion secondary battery After laminating and laminating the positive electrode, separator, and negative electrode together, packing and pre-sealing with an aluminum laminate film, followed by injecting electrolyte, battery formatting, and vacuum sealing, a laminated lithium ion secondary battery is obtained. It was.
- Example 2 The carbon black of Example 1 was changed to carbon black having a BET specific surface area of 133 m 2 / g and a DBP absorption amount of 270 ml / 100 g (manufactured by Denka, “Li-435”, described as acetylene black-B in Table 1). The content was changed to 0.9% by mass, the dispersion mass of the carbon nanotube dispersion was changed to 0.10% by mass, and the dissolved mass of the polyvinylidene fluoride solution was changed to 1.0% by mass.
- a dispersion of a positive electrode composition for a lithium ion secondary battery, a positive electrode for a lithium ion secondary battery, and a lithium ion secondary battery were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, and each evaluation was performed. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 3 The active material of Example 2 was changed to lithium cobaltate having an average particle diameter D 50 of 10 ⁇ m (manufactured by Umicore, “KD-10”), the carbon black content was changed to 1.2 mass%, and the carbon nanotubes were changed.
- the dispersion of the positive electrode composition for a lithium ion secondary battery, lithium, and a lithium ion secondary battery were prepared in the same manner as in Example 2, except that the amount of the polyvinylidene fluoride solution was changed to 0.3% by weight and the amount of the polyvinylidene fluoride solution was changed to 1.5% by weight.
- a positive electrode for an ion secondary battery and a lithium ion secondary battery were produced and evaluated. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 4 The active material of Example 2 was changed to lithium cobaltate (Nippon Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., “Cellseed C-5”) having an average particle diameter D 50 of 5 ⁇ m, and the carbon black content was changed to 1.8% by mass.
- the lithium ion secondary battery was prepared in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the dispersion mass of the carbon nanotube dispersion was changed to 0.2 mass% and the dissolution mass of the polyvinylidene fluoride solution was changed to 2.0 mass%.
- a positive electrode composition dispersion, a positive electrode for a lithium ion secondary battery, and a lithium ion secondary battery were prepared and evaluated. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 1 The content of carbon black in Example 2 was changed to 2.0 mass%, the dispersion mass of the carbon nanotube dispersion was changed to 0 mass%, and the dissolved mass of the polyvinylidene fluoride solution was changed to 2.0 mass%. Except for the above, a dispersion of a positive electrode composition for a lithium ion secondary battery, a positive electrode for a lithium ion secondary battery, and a lithium ion secondary battery were produced in the same manner as in Example 2, and each evaluation was performed. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 2 The content of carbon black in Example 2 was changed to 0% by mass, the dispersed mass of the carbon nanotube dispersion was changed to 2.0% by mass, and the dissolved mass of the polyvinylidene fluoride solution was changed to 2.0% by mass. Except for the above, a positive electrode composition for a lithium ion secondary battery, a positive electrode for a lithium ion secondary battery, and a lithium ion secondary battery were produced in the same manner as in Example 2, and each evaluation was performed. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Lithium ion secondary was produced in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the carbon black content in Example 2 was changed to 0.7% by mass and the dispersion mass of the carbon nanotube dispersion was changed to 0.3% by mass.
- a dispersion of a positive electrode composition for a battery, a positive electrode for a lithium ion secondary battery, and a lithium ion secondary battery were prepared and evaluated. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 4 The carbon black of Example 2 was used as a carbon black having a BET specific surface area of 58 m 2 / g and a DBP absorption amount of 200 ml / 100 g (manufactured by Denka, “Li-250”, described as acetylene black-C in Table 1). Except for the changes, a dispersion of a positive electrode composition for a lithium ion secondary battery, a positive electrode for a lithium ion secondary battery, and a lithium ion secondary battery were produced in the same manner as in Example 2, and each evaluation was performed. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 5 The carbon black of Example 2 was changed to carbon black having a BET specific surface area of 877 m 2 / g and a DBP absorption of 390 ml / 100 g (manufactured by Lion, “ECP”, described as carbon black-A in Table 1).
- Example 6 The carbon black of Example 2 was changed to carbon black having a BET specific surface area of 877 m 2 / g and a DBP absorption of 390 ml / 100 g (manufactured by Lion, “ECP”, described as carbon black-A in Table 1).
- Example 7 The carbon nanotubes of Example 2 were changed to those of Example 2 except that carbon nanotubes having an average diameter of 25 nm and a BET specific surface area of 100 m 2 / g (Wako Chemical Co., Ltd., described as CNT-C in Table 1) were used. A dispersion of a positive electrode composition for a lithium ion secondary battery, a positive electrode for a lithium ion secondary battery, and a lithium ion secondary battery were produced in the same manner, and each evaluation was performed. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 8 The active material of Example 2 was changed to lithium nickel cobalt manganese composite oxide LiNi 0.5 Mn 0.3 Co 0.2 O 2 (manufactured by Jiangxi Jiangte Lithium Materials, “L532”) having an average particle diameter D 50 of 8 ⁇ m.
- LiNi 0.5 Mn 0.3 Co 0.2 O 2 manufactured by Jiangxi Jiangte Lithium Materials, “L532”
- LiNi 0.5 Mn 0.3 Co 0.2 O 2 manufactured by Jiangxi Jiangte Lithium Materials, “L532”
- LiNi 0.5 Mn 0.3 Co 0.2 O 2 manufactured by Jiangxi Jiangte Lithium Materials, “L532” having an average particle diameter D 50 of 8 ⁇ m.
- Example except that the content was changed to 1.8% by mass, the dispersion mass of the carbon nanotube dispersion was changed to 0.2% by mass, and the dissolved mass of the polyvinylidene fluoride solution was changed to 2.0% by mass
- a dispersion of a positive electrode composition for a lithium ion secondary battery, a positive electrode for a lithium ion secondary battery, and a lithium ion secondary battery were prepared in the same manner as in Example 2, and each evaluation was performed. The results are shown in Table 1.
- the lithium ion secondary battery produced using the positive electrode composition for lithium ion secondary batteries of the present invention has high energy density, low internal resistance, and excellent output characteristics, cycle characteristics, and low temperature characteristics. I understood it.
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Abstract
Description
具体的には、本発明において、活物質としてコバルト酸リチウム、導電材として粒子径が小さく、かつストラクチャの長いカーボンブラックと、繊維径が細く、特定のBET比表面積とアスペクト比を有するカーボンナノチューブを含むリチウムイオン二次電池用正極組成物を用いて製造したリチウムイオン二次電池は、エネルギー密度が高く、内部抵抗が小さく、出力特性、サイクル特性、低温特性に優れることを見出し、完成されたものである。
(1)リチウムイオンを吸蔵及び放出可能な活物質及び導電材を含むリチウムイオン二次電池用正極組成物であり、前記活物質がリチウムコバルト複合酸化物であり、前記導電材がカーボンブラック、及びカーボンナノチューブであり、前記カーボンブラックのBET比表面積が100~400m2/gであり、DBP吸収量が210~400ml/100gであり、前記カーボンナノチューブの平均直径が20nm以下であり、BET比表面積が170m2/g以上であり、アスペクト比が50以上であり、前記正極組成物中の前記カーボンブラックの含有量X(単位:質量%)、及び前記カーボンナノチューブの含有量Y(単位:質量%)が、下記条件(A)、(B)を満たすことを特徴とするリチウムイオン二次電池用正極組成物。
(A)0.5≦(X+Y)≦2.0
(B)0.80≦{X/(X+Y)}≦0.95
(2)前記リチウムコバルト複合酸化物の平均粒子径D50が、10~20μmであることを特徴とする(1)に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池用正極組成物。
(3)前記カーボンナノチューブのBET比表面積が200m2/gより大きいことを特徴とする(1)又は(2)に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池用正極組成物。
(4)前記リチウムイオン二次電池用正極組成物において、前記リチウムコバルト複合酸化物が96質量%以上含まれることを特徴とする(1)~(3)のいずれかに記載のリチウムイオン二次電池用正極組成物。
(5)(1)~(4)のいずれかに記載のリチウムイオン二次電池用正極組成物を用いたリチウムイオン二次電池用正極。
(6)(5)に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池用正極を備えたリチウムイオン二次電池。
(リチウムイオン二次電池用正極組成物)
活物質として平均粒子径D50が20μmのコバルト酸リチウム(ユミコア社製、「KD-20」)LiCoO2、導電材としてBET比表面積が370m2/g、DBP吸収量が310ml/100gのカーボンブラック(デンカ社製、「SAB」、表1中にアセチレンブラック-Aと記載)、及び平均直径が9nm、BET比表面積が243m2/gのカーボンナノチューブのN-メチルピロリドン分散液(CNano社製、「LB107」、表1中にCNT-Aと記載)を用意した。前記コバルト酸リチウム98.4質量%、前記カーボンブラック0.76質量%、前記カーボンナノチューブを分散質量で0.04質量%に、結着剤としてポリフッ化ビニリデンのN-メチルピロリドン溶液を溶質量で0.8質量%、さらに分散媒としてN-メチルピロリドンを加えて混合し、リチウムイオン二次電池用正極組成物の分散液を得た。
前記リチウムイオン二次電池用正極組成物の分散液を、ベーカー式アプリケーターを用いて厚さ20μmのアルミニウム箔に塗布、乾燥し、その後、プレス、裁断して、リチウムイオン二次電池用正極を得た。
リチウムイオン二次電池用負極組成物[黒鉛(Shenzhen BTR社製、「AGP-2A」)95質量%、カーボンブラック(デンカ社製、「Li-400」)1.0質量%、ポリフッ化ビニリデン1.5質量%、スチレン-ブタジエン共重合体質量2.5%]をベーカー式アプリケーターを用いて厚さ20μmの銅箔に塗布、乾燥し、その後、プレス、裁断して、リチウムイオン二次電池用負極を得た。
前記正極、セパレーター、前記負極を共に重ね、積層した後、アルミラミネートフィルムでパック、プレシーリングし、続いて電解液を注入し、バッテリーフォーマッティング、真空シーリングして、ラミネート型リチウムイオン二次電池を得た。
作製したリチウムイオン二次電池を、電圧範囲2.75~4.2Vで5サイクル、充電/放電した後、周波数範囲10MHz~0.001Hz、振動電圧5mVでインピーダンス解析を行った。本実施例の内部抵抗は1.62Ωであった。
作製したリチウムイオン二次電池を、25℃において4.2V、0.2C制限の定電流定電圧充電をした後、0.2Cの定電流で2.75Vまで放電した。次いで、放電電流を0.2C、3Cと変化させ、各放電電流に対する放電容量を測定した。そして、0.2C放電時に対する3C放電時の容量維持率を計算した。本実施例の3C放電時の容量維持率は96.8%であった。
作製したリチウムイオン電池を、25℃において4.2V、1C制限の定電流定電圧充電をした後、1Cの定電流で2.75Vまで放電した。充電及び放電のサイクルを繰り返し行い、1サイクル目の放電容量に対する500サイクル目の放電容量の比率を求めてサイクル容量維持率とした。本実施例のサイクル容量維持率は96.2%であった。
作製したリチウムイオン二次電池を、25℃において4.2V、0.2C制限の定電流定電圧充電をした後、0.5Cの定電流で2.75Vまで放電した。次いで、-20℃において4.2V、0.2C制限の定電流定電圧充電をした後、0.5Cの定電流で2.75Vまで放電した。そして、25℃放電時に対する-20℃放電時の容量維持率を計算した。本実施例の-20℃放電時の容量維持率は68.7%であった。
実施例1のカーボンブラックをBET比表面積が133m2/g、DBP吸収量が270ml/100gのカーボンブラック(デンカ社製、「Li-435」、表1中にアセチレンブラック-Bと記載)に変更し、その含有量を0.9質量%に変更し、カーボンナノチューブ分散液の分散質量を0.10質量%に変更し、ポリフッ化ビニリデン溶液の溶質量を1.0質量%に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様な方法でリチウムイオン二次電池用正極組成物の分散液、リチウムイオン二次電池用正極、及びリチウムイオン二次電池を作製し、各評価を実施した。結果を表1に示す。
実施例2の活物質を平均粒子径D50が10μmのコバルト酸リチウム(ユミコア社製、「KD-10」)に変更し、カーボンブラックの含有量を1.2質量%変更し、カーボンナノチューブを平均直径が15nm、BET比表面積が207m2/gのカーボンナノチューブのN-メチルピロリドン分散液(CNano社製、「LB100」、表1中にCNT-Bと記載)に変更し、その分散質量を0.3質量%に変更し、ポリフッ化ビニリデン溶液の溶質量を1.5質量%に変更した以外は、実施例2と同様な方法でリチウムイオン二次電池用正極組成物の分散液、リチウムイオン二次電池用正極、及びリチウムイオン二次電池を作製し、各評価を実施した。結果を表1に示す。
実施例2の活物質を平均粒子径D50が5μmのコバルト酸リチウム(日本化学工業社製、「セルシードC-5」)に変更し、カーボンブラックの含有量を1.8質量%に変更し、カーボンナノチューブ分散液の分散質量を0.2質量%に変更し、ポリフッ化ビニリデン溶液の溶質量を2.0質量%に変更した以外は、実施例2と同様な方法でリチウムイオン二次電池用正極組成物の分散液、リチウムイオン二次電池用正極、及びリチウムイオン二次電池を作製し、各評価を実施した。結果を表1に示す。
実施例2のカーボンブラックの含有量を2.0質量%に変更し、カーボンナノチューブ分散液の分散質量を0質量%に変更し、ポリフッ化ビニリデン溶液の溶質量を2.0質量%に変更した以外は、実施例2と同様な方法でリチウムイオン二次電池用正極組成物の分散液、リチウムイオン二次電池用正極、及びリチウムイオン二次電池を作製し、各評価を実施した。結果を表1に示す。
実施例2のカーボンブラックの含有量を0質量%に変更し、カーボンナノチューブ分散液の分散質量を2.0質量%に変更し、ポリフッ化ビニリデン溶液の溶質量を2.0質量%に変更した以外は、実施例2と同様な方法でリチウムイオン二次電池用正極組成物、リチウムイオン二次電池用正極、及びリチウムイオン二次電池を作製し、各評価を実施した。結果を表1に示す。
実施例2のカーボンブラックの含有量を0.7質量%に変更し、カーボンナノチューブ分散液の分散質量を0.3質量%に変更した以外は、実施例2と同様な方法でリチウムイオン二次電池用正極組成物の分散液、リチウムイオン二次電池用正極、及びリチウムイオン二次電池を作製し、各評価を実施した。結果を表1に示す。
実施例2のカーボンブラックを、BET比表面積が58m2/g、DBP吸収量が200ml/100gのカーボンブラック(デンカ社製、「Li-250」、表1中にアセチレンブラック-Cと記載)に変更した以外は、実施例2と同様な方法でリチウムイオン二次電池用正極組成物の分散液、リチウムイオン二次電池用正極、及びリチウムイオン二次電池を作製し、各評価を実施した。結果を表1に示す。
実施例2のカーボンブラックを、BET比表面積が877m2/g、DBP吸収量が390ml/100gのカーボンブラック(ライオン社製、「ECP」、表1中にカーボンブラック-Aと記載)に変更し、その含有量を0.4質量%に変更し、カーボンナノチューブ分散液の分散質量を1.6質量%に変更し、ポリフッ化ビニリデン溶液の溶質量を2.0質量%に変更した以外は、実施例2と同様な方法でリチウムイオン二次電池用正極組成物の分散液、リチウムイオン二次電池用正極、及びリチウムイオン二次電池を作製し、各評価を実施した。結果を表1に示す。
実施例2のカーボンブラックを、BET比表面積が877m2/g、DBP吸収量が390ml/100gのカーボンブラック(ライオン社製、「ECP」、表1中にカーボンブラック-Aと記載)に変更し、その含有量を0.9質量%に変更し、カーボンナノチューブ分散液の分散質量を0.1質量%に変更し、ポリフッ化ビニリデン溶液の溶質量を1.0質量%に変更した以外は、実施例2と同様な方法でリチウムイオン二次電池用正極組成物の分散液、リチウムイオン二次電池用正極、及びリチウムイオン二次電池を作製し、各評価を実施した。結果を表1に示す。
実施例2のカーボンナノチューブを、平均直径が25nm、BET比表面積が100m2/gのカーボンナノチューブ(ワコーケミカル社製、表1中にCNT-Cと記載)に変更した以外は、実施例2と同様な方法でリチウムイオン二次電池用正極組成物の分散液、リチウムイオン二次電池用正極、及びリチウムイオン二次電池を作製し、各評価を実施した。結果を表1に示す。
実施例2の活物質を平均粒子径D50が8μmのリチウムニッケルコバルトマンガン複合酸化物LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2(Jiangxi Jiangte Lithium Battery Materials社製、「L532」)に変更し、カーボンブラックの含有量を1.8質量%に変更し、カーボンナノチューブ分散液の分散質量を0.2質量%に変更し、ポリフッ化ビニリデン溶液の溶質量を2.0質量%に変更した以外は、実施例2と同様な方法でリチウムイオン二次電池用正極組成物の分散液、リチウムイオン二次電池用正極、及びリチウムイオン二次電池を作製し、各評価を実施した。結果を表1に示す。
2・・・負極
3・・・正極アルミタブ
4・・・負極ニッケルタブ
5・・・ポリオレフィン製微多孔膜
Claims (6)
- リチウムイオンを吸蔵及び放出可能な活物質及び導電材を含むリチウムイオン二次電池用正極組成物であり、
前記活物質がリチウムコバルト複合酸化物であり、
前記導電材がカーボンブラック、及びカーボンナノチューブであり、
前記カーボンブラックのBET比表面積が100~400m2/gであり、DBP吸収量が210~400ml/100gであり、
前記カーボンナノチューブの平均直径が20nm以下であり、BET比表面積が170m2/g以上であり、アスペクト比が50以上であり、
前記正極組成物中の前記カーボンブラックの含有量X(単位:質量%)、及び前記カーボンナノチューブの含有量Y(単位:質量%)が、下記条件(A)、(B)を満たすことを特徴とするリチウムイオン二次電池用正極組成物。
(A)0.5≦(X+Y)≦2.0
(B)0.80≦{X/(X+Y)}≦0.95 - 前記リチウムコバルト複合酸化物の平均粒子径D50が10~20μmであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池用正極組成物。
- 前記カーボンナノチューブのBET比表面積が200m2/gより大きいことを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池用正極組成物。
- 前記リチウムイオン二次電池用正極組成物において、前記リチウムコバルト複合酸化物が96質量%以上含まれることを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池用正極組成物。
- 請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池用正極組成物を用いたリチウムイオン二次電池用正極。
- 請求項5に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池用正極を備えたリチウムイオン二次電池。
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WO2024074938A1 (ja) * | 2022-10-04 | 2024-04-11 | 株式会社半導体エネルギー研究所 | 二次電池 |
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US20210119206A1 (en) | 2021-04-22 |
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