WO2015152226A1 - 内燃機関用潤滑油組成物 - Google Patents
内燃機関用潤滑油組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015152226A1 WO2015152226A1 PCT/JP2015/060095 JP2015060095W WO2015152226A1 WO 2015152226 A1 WO2015152226 A1 WO 2015152226A1 JP 2015060095 W JP2015060095 W JP 2015060095W WO 2015152226 A1 WO2015152226 A1 WO 2015152226A1
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- lubricating oil
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- internal combustion
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- oil composition
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M161/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of a macromolecular compound and a non-macromolecular compound, each of these compounds being essential
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
- C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
- C10M133/38—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
- C10M133/44—Five-membered ring containing nitrogen and carbon only
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- C10M141/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M141/06—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being an organic nitrogen-containing compound
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M145/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
- C10M145/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M145/10—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate
- C10M145/12—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate monocarboxylic
- C10M145/14—Acrylate; Methacrylate
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- C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
- C10M169/045—Mixtures of base-materials and additives the additives being a mixture of compounds of unknown or incompletely defined constitution and non-macromolecular compounds
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- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
- C10M2203/1006—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen used as base material
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- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
- C10M2203/102—Aliphatic fractions
- C10M2203/1025—Aliphatic fractions used as base material
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
- C10M2205/028—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms
- C10M2205/0285—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms used as base material
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- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
- C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
- C10M2207/026—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings with tertiary alkyl groups
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- C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
- C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
- C10M2207/028—Overbased salts thereof
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- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/26—Overbased carboxylic acid salts
- C10M2207/262—Overbased carboxylic acid salts derived from hydroxy substituted aromatic acids, e.g. salicylates
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- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
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- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type
- C10M2209/084—Acrylate; Methacrylate
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- C10M2211/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2211/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing carbon, hydrogen, halogen, and oxygen
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- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
- C10M2215/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
- C10M2215/064—Di- and triaryl amines
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- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/28—Amides; Imides
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- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
- C10M2219/046—Overbasedsulfonic acid salts
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- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/06—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof
- C10M2219/062—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof having carbon-to-sulfur double bonds
- C10M2219/066—Thiocarbamic type compounds
- C10M2219/068—Thiocarbamate metal salts
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- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
- C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
- C10M2223/045—Metal containing thio derivatives
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- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/02—Groups 1 or 11
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- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/04—Groups 2 or 12
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- C10N2010/12—Groups 6 or 16
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- C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
- C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
- C10N2020/04—Molecular weight; Molecular weight distribution
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- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/02—Pour-point; Viscosity index
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- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/04—Detergent property or dispersant property
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- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/08—Resistance to extreme temperature
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- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/10—Inhibition of oxidation, e.g. anti-oxidants
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- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/52—Base number [TBN]
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- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/68—Shear stability
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- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
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- C10N2060/00—Chemical after-treatment of the constituents of the lubricating composition
- C10N2060/14—Chemical after-treatment of the constituents of the lubricating composition by boron or a compound containing boron
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a lubricating oil composition for an internal combustion engine.
- Patent Document 1 discloses that a hydrazide derivative having a specific structure is used as an additive in order to suppress copper elution.
- Patent Document 2 discloses that a specific molybdenum-based additive and a sulfurized fatty acid ester are used in combination in order to suppress coking.
- the internal combustion engine has been improved in performance and output, and the operating conditions have become severe year by year. Therefore, it is necessary to further increase the oxidation stability of the engine oil, and there is an increasing demand for suppressing a decrease in base number over a long period of time.
- copper elution is likely to occur in city driving that repeats stop-and-go.
- turbo supercharging
- coking is likely to occur in an engine equipped with a turbo mechanism. Therefore, it is necessary to suppress both coking and copper elution in a balanced manner in engine oil.
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 are techniques for individually suppressing coking and copper elution, and effectively suppressing both coking and copper elution while suppressing a decrease in base number. Is difficult.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a lubricating oil composition for an internal combustion engine that suppresses a decrease in base number, occurrence of coking, and occurrence of copper elution in a balanced manner. It is to be.
- the present invention provides the following (1) to (9).
- a lubricating base oil composed of mineral oil and / or synthetic oil
- B boron-containing alkenyl succinimide and / or boron-containing alkyl succinimide having a boron content converted value of 0.001 to 0.1% by mass based on the total amount of the composition
- Mw weight average molecular weight
- X average carbon number of the alkyl group measured by 13 C-NMR
- Mw 100,000 to 700,000
- Mw / X is 30,000 or more, and 0 based on the total amount of the composition.
- a lubricating oil composition for an internal combustion engine comprising 1 to 30% by mass of (C) poly (meth) acrylate.
- a lubricating oil composition for an internal combustion engine is produced by blending boron-containing alkyl succinimide and 0.1 to 30% by mass of (C) poly (meth) acrylate based on the total amount of the composition, (C) When the weight average molecular weight of the poly (meth) acrylate is Mw and the average carbon number of the alkyl group measured by 13 C-NMR is X, Mw is 100,000 to 700,000 and Mw / X is 30,000.
- the manufacturing method of the lubricating oil composition for internal combustion engines which is the above.
- a lubricating oil composition for an internal combustion engine that suppresses a decrease in base number, occurrence of coking, and occurrence of copper elution in a well-balanced manner.
- the lubricating oil composition for internal combustion engines of the present invention includes (A) a lubricating base oil, and (B) a boron-containing alkenyl succinimide and / or boron. Containing alkyl succinimide (hereinafter, also simply referred to as “boron-containing succinimide”) and (C) poly (meth) acrylate.
- lubricating oil composition includes (A) a lubricating base oil, and (B) a boron-containing alkenyl succinimide and / or boron. Containing alkyl succinimide (hereinafter, also simply referred to as “boron-containing succinimide”) and (C) poly (meth) acrylate.
- Lubricating oil base oil consists of mineral oil and / or synthetic oil, and can select and use arbitrary things from the mineral oil and synthetic oil conventionally used as a base oil of lubricating oil.
- mineral oil for example, a lubricating oil fraction obtained by distillation under reduced pressure of atmospheric residual oil obtained by atmospheric distillation of crude oil can be desolvated, solvent extracted, hydrocracked, solvent dewaxed, catalytic dehydrated.
- Mineral oil refined by performing one or more treatments such as wax, hydrorefining, etc., and lubricating base oil produced by isomerizing GTL WAX, etc., among them hydrotreating Mineral oil treated with is preferred. Mineral oil treated by hydrorefining tends to improve the% C P and viscosity index described below.
- Synthetic oils include, for example, polyalphaolefins such as polybutene, ⁇ -olefin homopolymers and copolymers (for example, ethylene- ⁇ -olefin copolymers), such as polyol esters, dibasic acid esters, and phosphoric acid esters. And various bases such as polyphenyl ether, polyglycol, alkylbenzene, alkylnaphthalene, and lubricating base oil produced by isomerizing GTL WAX. Of these synthetic oils, polyalphaolefins and esters are particularly preferred, and those combining these two are also suitably used as synthetic oils.
- polyalphaolefins and esters are particularly preferred, and those combining these two are also suitably used as synthetic oils.
- the lubricating base oil mineral oil may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- one kind of synthetic oil may be used, or two or more kinds may be used in combination.
- one or more mineral oils and one or more synthetic oils may be used in combination.
- the (A) lubricating base oil is a main component in the lubricating oil composition, and is usually 50% by mass or more, preferably 60 to 97% by mass, more preferably based on the total amount of the lubricating oil composition. Is contained in an amount of 65 to 95% by mass.
- the viscosity of the lubricating base oil is not particularly limited, but the kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C. is preferably in the range of 1.0 to 20 mm 2 / s, and in the range of 1.5 to 15 mm 2 / s. More preferably, it is more preferably in the range of 2.0 to 13 mm 2 / s.
- the kinematic viscosity of the (A) lubricating base oil is set to a relatively low viscosity, fuel saving performance is easily realized.
- kinematic viscosity is measured by the method described in the Example mentioned later.
- the viscosity index of the (A) lubricating base oil is preferably 90 or more, more preferably 95 or more, and even more preferably 100 or more.
- the upper limit value of the viscosity index of the lubricating base oil is not particularly limited, but is preferably 170 or less, more preferably 160 or less, and even more preferably 150 or less. When the viscosity index of the lubricating base oil is within the above range, the viscosity characteristics of the lubricating oil composition are easily improved. In the present specification, the viscosity index is measured by the method described in Examples described later.
- the mineral oil preferably has a paraffin content (% C P ) by ring analysis of 60% or more, and more preferably 65% or more.
- % C P paraffin content
- Examples of the boron-containing succinimide (B) used in the present invention include borides of alkenyl or alkyl succinic monoimide and alkenyl or alkyl succinic acid bisimide.
- Examples of the alkenyl or alkyl succinic acid monoimide include compounds represented by the following general formula (1).
- the compound shown by following General formula (2) is mentioned, for example.
- the cleanliness of a composition becomes favorable by mix
- R 1 , R 3 and R 4 are alkenyl groups or alkyl groups, and each have a weight average molecular weight of preferably 500 to 3,000, more preferably 1, 000 to 3,000.
- the weight average molecular weight of R 1 , R 3 and R 4 described above is 500 or more, the solubility in the base oil can be improved.
- R 3 and R 4 may be the same or different.
- R 2 , R 5 and R 6 are each an alkylene group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, and R 5 and R 6 may be the same or different.
- n represents an integer of 1 to 10, and n represents 0 or an integer of 1 to 10.
- m is preferably 2 to 5, more preferably 3 to 4.
- n is preferably 1 to 4, more preferably 2 to 3.
- n is 1 or more, it is expected that the effect obtained by the present compound is appropriately exhibited.
- n is 4 or less, the solubility in the base oil is further improved.
- alkenyl group examples include a polybutenyl group, a polyisobutenyl group, and an ethylene-propylene copolymer
- examples of the alkyl group include hydrogenated groups thereof.
- Suitable alkenyl groups include polybutenyl or polyisobutenyl groups.
- the polybutenyl group a mixture of 1-butene and isobutene or a polymer obtained by polymerizing high-purity isobutene is preferably used.
- a representative example of a suitable alkyl group is a hydrogenated polybutenyl group or polyisobutenyl group.
- the boron-containing succinimide can be produced by a conventionally known method. For example, after reacting polyolefin with maleic anhydride to make alkenyl succinic anhydride, polyamine and boron oxide, boron halide, boron halide, boric acid, boric anhydride, boric acid ester, boric acid ammonium salt, etc. It is obtained by reacting with an intermediate obtained by reacting a compound and imidizing. Monoimides or bisimides can be made by changing the ratio of alkenyl succinic anhydride or alkyl succinic anhydride to polyamine. Further, (B) the boron-containing succinimide may be obtained by treating boron-free alkenyl or alkyl succinic monoimide or alkenyl or alkyl succinic acid bisimide with the boron compound.
- ⁇ -olefins having 2 to 8 carbon atoms can be mixed and used, but a mixture of isobutene and 1-butene is preferably used. be able to.
- polyamines include ethylenediamine, propylenediamine, butylenediamine, pentylenediamine, and other single diamines, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentamine, pentaethylenehexamine, di (methylethylene) triamine, dibutylenetriamine, triethylene
- polyalkylene polyamines such as butylenetetramine and pentapentylenehexamine, and piperazine derivatives such as aminoethylpiperazine.
- the component (B) is contained in an amount of 0.001 to 0.1% by mass in terms of the amount of boron based on the total amount of the composition.
- it is less than 0.001% by mass, it becomes difficult to suppress the occurrence of coking and copper elution. Moreover, when it exceeds 0.1 mass%, it will become difficult to exhibit the effect corresponding to the compounding quantity, such as producing precipitation.
- the content of the component (B) is more preferably 0.005 to 0.08% by mass in terms of the amount of boron based on the total amount of the composition, and further preferably 0.010 to 0.00. 06% by mass.
- the mass ratio (B / N ratio) of boron and nitrogen in the component (B) is preferably 0.8 or more, preferably 1.0 or more, and preferably 1.1 or more.
- the upper limit of the B / N ratio is not particularly limited, but is preferably 2.0 or less, more preferably 1.5 or less, and even more preferably 1.3 or less. By making B / N ratio into the said range, it becomes easy to exhibit the effect acquired by this compound appropriately.
- the content of component (B) may be an amount such that the converted value of boron is within the above range, but is usually about 0.1 to 10% by mass, preferably 0, based on the total amount of the composition. 5 to 5% by mass, more preferably 1 to 4% by mass.
- the (C) poly (meth) acrylate contained in the lubricating oil composition of the present invention has an Mw of 100,000 when the weight average molecular weight is Mw and the average carbon number of the alkyl group measured by 13 C-NMR is X. It is a poly (meth) acrylate having a Mw / X of 30,000 or more as well as ⁇ 700,000.
- an alkyl group means all the alkyl groups which exist in poly (meth) acrylate, for example in General formula (3) mentioned later, R 7 and R 8 are meant, and when an alkyl group is bonded to COO— of (meth) acrylate via another substituent, such an alkyl group is also included.
- the average carbon number means an arithmetic average value.
- the component (C) in addition to the component (B), the component (C) is contained, so that elution of copper and coking in the lubricating oil composition are suppressed in a well-balanced manner.
- the principle is not clear, but is estimated as follows.
- Poly (meth) acrylate hereinafter also referred to as “PMA”) is estimated to partly form a complex with copper due to decomposition or the like, and may elute copper from alloys of parts such as engine bearings. Yes.
- PMA has a structure in which the PMAs are easily entangled with each other, the amount of PMA adhering to the engine metal surface is reduced, and as a result, elution of copper is suppressed.
- the action of the component (B) promotes the ease of entanglement of PMA and suppresses the decomposition of PMA, thereby balancing the elution of copper into the lubricating oil composition and the occurrence of coking. It is suppressed.
- the balance of the size of the alkyl groups in the side chain of Mw and PMA is important.
- PMA tends to be entangled even at a relatively low Mw
- the group has a certain proportion or more in the side chain, it is presumed that PMA is difficult to be entangled even with a relatively high Mw.
- PMA is likely to be decomposed although PMA is less likely to be entangled.
- Mw / X is less than 30,000, adhesion of PMA to the engine metal surface cannot be sufficiently reduced, and further, PMA is easily decomposed, and it becomes difficult to suppress copper elution and coking.
- Mw is within a certain range, the reactivity of PMA becomes small even when there are many side chain alkyl groups having a certain size, while when Mw exceeds 700,000, the side chain is small. Even if there are a large number of alkyl groups, the reactivity of PMA is presumed to increase, and coking and copper elution are likely to occur.
- Mw / X is preferably 30,000 to 200,000, more preferably 30,000 to 130,000, and suppresses copper elution more appropriately. From the viewpoint, it is more preferably 30,000 to 100,000.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) is preferably 100,000 to 700,000, more preferably 150,000 to 600,000, and further preferably 180,000 to 550,000.
- the poly (meth) acrylate is preferably a polymer of a polymerizable monomer containing a (meth) acrylate monomer represented by the following general formula (3).
- R 7 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- R 8 represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 200 carbon atoms.
- R 8 is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms, more preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 28 carbon atoms, and still more preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 25 carbon atoms.
- R 8 is specifically methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl.
- the component (C) is preferably non-dispersed.
- the non-dispersed poly (meth) acrylate include a single homopolymer of the monomer represented by the general formula (3) or a poly (meth) acrylate obtained by copolymerization of two or more types. It is done.
- (C) poly (meth) acrylate may be dispersed poly (meth) acrylate.
- the dispersion type poly (meth) acrylate include those obtained by copolymerizing a monomer represented by the general formula (3) and one or more monomers selected from the following general formulas (4) and (5).
- R 9 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- R 10 represents an alkylene group having 1 to 28 carbon atoms
- E 1 represents 1 to 2 nitrogen atoms and 0 to 2 oxygen atoms.
- An amine residue or a heterocyclic residue to be contained is shown, and a represents 0 or 1.
- R 11 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- E 2 represents an amine residue or a heterocyclic residue containing 1 to 2 nitrogen atoms and 0 to 2 oxygen atoms.
- Specific examples of the group represented by E 1 and E 2 include a dimethylamino group, a diethylamino group, a dipropylamino group, a dibutylamino group, an anilino group, a toluidino group, a xylidino group, an acetylamino group, and a benzoylamino group.
- Morpholino group pyrrolyl group, pyrrolino group, pyridyl group, methylpyridyl group, pyrrolidinyl group, piperidinyl group, quinonyl group, pyrrolidonyl group, pyrrolidono group, imidazolino group, pyrazino group and the like.
- Specific examples of the monomer represented by the general formulas (4) and (5) include dimethylaminomethyl methacrylate, diethylaminomethyl methacrylate, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, diethylaminoethyl methacrylate, 2-methyl-5-vinylpyridine, Examples thereof include morpholinomethyl methacrylate, morpholinoethyl methacrylate, N-vinylpyrrolidone and a mixture thereof.
- M1: M2 99: 1 to 80:20 is preferable, 98: 2 to 85:15 is more preferable, and 95: 5 to 90:10 is more preferable.
- the monomer represented by the general formula (3) is preferably 70% by mass in the total monomer components constituting the component (C), and 85% by mass or more. More preferably, it is 90 mass% or more.
- the component (C) may contain structural units derived from monomers other than the above general formulas (3) to (5) as long as they do not contradict the object of the present invention. Usually, such a monomer component is about 10% by mass or less based on the total monomer components.
- the component (C) includes at least an alkyl (meth) acrylate monomer having an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and an alkyl (meth) acrylate monomer having an alkyl group having 12 to 40 carbon atoms.
- a copolymerized or alkyl (meth) acrylate monomer having an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an alkyl (meth) acrylate monomer having an alkyl group having 5 to 11 carbon atoms, and an alkyl group having 12 to Examples include those obtained by copolymerizing at least 40 alkyl (meth) acrylate monomers.
- an alkyl (meth) acrylate monomer having an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and an alkyl (meth) acrylate monomer having an alkyl group having 12 to 40 carbon atoms are preferably copolymerized at least. More preferably, a copolymer of at least a methyl (meth) acrylate monomer and an alkyl (meth) acrylate monomer having an alkyl group having 16 to 25 carbon atoms may be used.
- the content of poly (meth) acrylate is 0.1 to 30% by mass based on the total amount of the composition. If it is less than 0.1% by mass, it will be difficult to balance the reduction in base number, the occurrence of coking and the elution of copper. When it exceeds 30 mass%, it will become difficult to exhibit the effect corresponding to the content.
- the content of the component (C) is preferably 0.3 to 25% by mass, more preferably 0.5 to 10% by mass.
- content of (C) component means content of the resin part.
- the lubricating oil composition of the present invention may contain (D) zinc dithiophosphate.
- (D) zinc dithiophosphate By containing zinc dithiophosphate, it is possible to improve oxidation resistance while improving wear resistance.
- Examples of zinc dithiophosphate include compounds represented by the following general formula (6).
- R 12 , R 13 , R 14 and R 15 in the general formula (6) each independently represent a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 24 carbon atoms.
- these hydrocarbon groups include linear or branched alkyl groups having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, linear or branched alkenyl groups having 3 to 24 carbon atoms, and cycloalkyl groups having 5 to 13 carbon atoms.
- alkyl groups are preferred.
- zinc dialkyldithiophosphate is preferable as zinc dithiophosphate, and secondary zinc dialkyldithiophosphate is particularly preferable.
- the content of zinc dithiophosphate is more preferably 0.005 to 0.30% by mass, more preferably 0.01 to 0.15% by mass in terms of phosphorus based on the total amount of the composition. . By setting it within the above range, the antiwear property and oxidation stability of the lubricating oil composition can be improved without affecting cleanliness and coking resistance.
- the lubricating oil composition may further contain (E) a metal detergent comprising an alkali metal detergent or an alkaline earth metal detergent.
- a metal-type detergent By containing a metal-type detergent, it becomes easy to suppress a base number fall and generation
- Specific examples include one or more metal detergents selected from alkali metal sulfonates or alkaline earth metal sulfonates, alkali metal phenates or alkaline earth metal phenates, alkali metal salicylates, alkaline earth metal salicylates, and the like. It is done.
- the alkali metal include sodium and potassium, and examples of the alkaline earth metal include magnesium and calcium. The alkali metal sodium, the alkaline earth metal magnesium and calcium are preferably used, and calcium is more preferable.
- alkali metal detergents or alkaline earth metal detergents may be neutral, basic, or overbased, but are preferably basic or overbased, and their total base number Is preferably 10 to 500 mgKOH / g, more preferably 150 to 450 mgKOH / g.
- the total base number is measured according to the perchloric acid method of JIS K-2501.
- the metal detergent may be, for example, 150 to 450 mgKOH / g alone, but may be an alkali metal detergent or alkaline earth metal detergent having a total base number of 150 to 450 mgKOH / g. You may use together 5-100 mgKOH / g alkali metal detergent or alkaline-earth metal detergent.
- the content of the metal-based detergent is preferably 0.05 to 0.5% by mass, and 0.1 to 0.3% by mass in terms of the amount of metal with respect to the total amount of the composition. Is more preferable. By containing more than these lower limits, it becomes easier to suppress the base number decrease, coking and copper elution. Moreover, it becomes possible to exhibit the effect corresponding to content by setting it as below an upper limit.
- the lubricating oil composition contains 0.01 to 0.15% by mass of (D) zinc dithiophosphate in terms of phosphorus based on the total amount of the composition, and (E) 0.1 to 0.1% of metal detergent in terms of metal. More preferably, it is contained in an amount of ⁇ 0.3% by mass.
- the lubricating oil composition may contain boron-free succinimide in addition to (B) boron-containing succinimide.
- the boron-free succinimide is an alkenyl succinimide and / or an alkyl succinimide that does not contain boron. Examples of alkenyl succinimide and / or alkyl succinimide include alkenyl or alkyl succinic acid monoimide or alkenyl or alkyl succinic acid bisimide.
- the boron-free succinimide is not particularly limited, but is usually about 0.1 to 10% by mass, preferably about 0.5 to 5% by mass based on the total amount of the composition.
- the lubricating oil composition may further contain an antioxidant.
- Antioxidants include amine-based antioxidants, phenol-based antioxidants, sulfur-based antioxidants, phosphorus-based antioxidants, molybdenum-amine complex-based antioxidants, and among these, amine-based antioxidants Agents and phenolic antioxidants are preferred. These can be arbitrarily selected from known antioxidants conventionally used as antioxidants for lubricating oils.
- amine antioxidants include diphenylamines, diphenylamines such as dialkyldiphenylamines having an alkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms; naphthylamines such as ⁇ -naphthylamine and alkyl-substituted phenyl- ⁇ -naphthylamines having 3 to 20 carbon atoms. The one of the system is mentioned.
- phenolic antioxidants examples include 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol, octadecyl-3- (3,5 Monophenolic compounds such as -di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate; 4,4'-methylenebis (2,6-di-tert-butylphenol), 2,2'-methylenebis (4-ethyl- 6-tert-butylphenol) and the like.
- sulfur-based antioxidant examples include dilauryl-3,3′-thiodipropionate
- examples of the phosphorus-based antioxidant include phosphite.
- molybdenum amine complex-based antioxidant a hexavalent molybdenum compound, specifically, a product obtained by reacting molybdenum trioxide and / or molybdic acid with an amine compound, for example, described in JP-A No. 2003-252887
- the compound obtained by the production method can be used.
- These antioxidants can be contained alone or in any combination of two or more kinds, but it is usually preferable to use two or more kinds in combination.
- the content of the antioxidant is preferably about 0.01 to 10% by mass, and preferably about 0.1 to 5% by mass based on the total amount of the composition.
- the lubricating oil composition may further contain at least one additive selected from friction modifiers and antiwear agents other than those described above.
- sulfur compounds such as sulfurized olefins, dialkyl polysulfides, diarylalkyl polysulfides, diaryl polysulfides, phosphoric acid esters, thiophosphoric acid esters, phosphorous acid esters, alkyl hydrogen phosphites, phosphoric acid ester amine salts, phosphorous acid compounds.
- Phosphorus compounds such as acid ester amine salts, zinc dithiocarbamate (ZnDTC), sulfurized oxymolybdenum organophosphorodithioate (MoDTP), organometallic compounds such as sulfurized oxymolybdenum dithiocarbamate (MoDTC), amine compounds, fatty acid esters, Examples include ashless friction modifiers such as fatty acid amides, fatty acids, aliphatic alcohols, aliphatic ethers, urea compounds, and hydrazide compounds. These may be used individually by 1 type and may be used in combination of 2 or more type. Among these, it is preferable to use sulfurized oxymolybdenum dithiocarbamate from the viewpoint of fuel economy.
- the content of these friction modifiers and antiwear agents is preferably about 0.01 to 8% by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 5% by mass based on the total amount of the composition.
- the lubricating oil composition may further contain components such as a pour point depressant, a metal deactivator, a pour point depressant, and an antifoaming agent.
- the kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C. of the lubricating oil composition of the present invention is not particularly limited, but is usually about 2 to 25 mm 2 / s, preferably 3 to 22 mm 2 / s, more preferably 4 to 17 mm 2 / s. is there. Thus, it becomes easy to improve fuel-saving property by making a composition into low viscosity.
- the viscosity index of the lubricating oil composition is preferably 150 or more, more preferably about 170 to 300, and further preferably about 180 to 250.
- the lubricating oil composition of the present invention is a lubricating oil composition for internal combustion engines used for various internal combustion engines such as four-wheeled vehicles and two-wheeled vehicles.
- various internal combustion engines such as four-wheeled vehicles and two-wheeled vehicles.
- an engine equipped with a turbo mechanism capable of increasing output coking and copper elution are likely to occur in the lubricating oil composition used in the internal combustion engine.
- the lubricating oil composition can suppress coking and copper elution in a balanced manner.
- the method for producing a lubricating oil composition of the present invention is a method for producing a lubricating oil composition by blending the components (B) and (C) with the (A) lubricating base oil. Moreover, in the manufacturing method of the lubricating oil composition of the present invention, in addition to the components (B) and (C), the above components (D) and (E) and other components may be added to the lubricating base oil. Good.
- each component may be blended with the base oil by any method, and the method is not limited.
- blending one or more components selected from these other components as needed Usually contains these blends, but in some cases, at least a part of the blended additives may react to form another compound.
- Weight average molecular weight (Mw) of poly (meth) acrylate The weight average molecular weight (Mw) is measured under the following conditions, and is a value obtained using polystyrene as a calibration curve. Specifically, it is measured under the following conditions.
- Examples 1 to 9, Comparative Examples 1 to 4 As shown in Table 1, the (A) lubricating base oil is blended with the components (B) to (E) and other components, and (A) the lubricating base oil and the respective examples containing these components.
- the lubricating oil composition of Comparative Example was prepared, the lubricating oil composition was evaluated, and the results are shown in Table 1.
- Lubricating base oil Lubricating base oil (A1): GroupIII 150N hydrorefined base oil, 100 ° C kinematic viscosity 6.4mm 2 / s, viscosity index 131, NOACK evaporation (250 ° C, 1 hour) 7.0% by mass , ndM ring analysis% Cp.79.1%
- Lubricating base oil (A3) Group IV polyalphaolefin, 100 ° C kinematic viscosity 3.7mm 2 / s, viscosity index 117, NOACK evaporation (250 ° C, 1 hour) 15.6% by mass
- Lubricating base oil (A4) Group IV ester base oil, 100 ° C kinematic viscosity 4.3mm 2 / s, viscosity index 139, NOACK evaporation (250 ° C, 1 hour) 2.6% by mass (In Example 8, the lubricating base oil is a mixture of the lubricating base oil (A3) and the lubricating base oil (A4), and the 100 ° C.
- kinematic viscosity of the mixed base oil is 4.3 mm. 2 / s, viscosity index 130.
- B Boron-containing succinimide Boron-containing succinimide
- B1 Boronated polybutenyl succinimide, boron content 1.3 mass%, nitrogen content 1.2 mass%, weight average molecular weight of polybutenyl group 1, 800, B / N ratio 1.1
- C poly (meth) acrylate poly (meth) acrylate (C1): polyalkyl (meth) acrylate, weight average molecular weight 200,000, average carbon number (X): 4.6, resin content: 28% by mass
- Poly (meth) acrylate (C3) polyalkyl (meth) acrylate, weight average molecular weight 440,000, average
- the lubricating oil compositions of Examples 1 to 9 contained boron-containing succinimide and a polyalkyl (meth) acrylate having specific Mw and Mw / X. While suppressing a decrease in base number in the deterioration test, it was possible to suppress the occurrence of coking and copper elution. On the other hand, in Comparative Examples 1 to 3, since the Mw and Mw / X of the polyalkyl (meth) acrylate were not within the predetermined ranges, the occurrence of coking and copper elution could not be sufficiently suppressed.
- the lubricating oil composition of Comparative Example 4 does not contain boron-containing succinimide, coking and copper elution are sufficiently generated even when Mw and Mw / X of polyalkyl (meth) acrylate are within a predetermined range. could not be suppressed.
- the lubricating oil composition for internal combustion engines of the present invention can suppress a decrease in base number, the occurrence of coking and the occurrence of copper elution in a well-balanced manner, and can be suitably used, for example, for an internal combustion engine for automobiles.
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Abstract
Description
また、従来、エンジン油は、様々な観点から性能を改善することが求められている。例えば、エンジン油の炭化によって発生するコーキングを抑制したり、エンジン部品からの銅溶出を抑制したりすることが求められることがある。これら要求に対応して、例えば特許文献1には、銅溶出を抑制するために、特定構造のヒドラジド誘導体を添加剤として使用することが開示される。また、特許文献2には、コーキングを抑制するために、特定のモリブデン系添加剤と硫化脂肪酸エステルとを併用することが開示されている。
また、例えば、ストップアンドゴーを繰り返す市街地運転では、銅溶出が生じやすくなることがわかっている。さらに、近年、高速領域だけでなく、市街地走行時のような低速領域においてもターボ(過給)を活用した高出力化が図られており、今後、ターボ機構を搭載したエンジンが増えることが予想される。しかし、ターボ機構搭載エンジンにおいてはコーキングが生じやすくなることがわかってきている。
そのため、エンジン油において、コーキング及び銅溶出の両方をバランスよく抑制する必要が生じてきている。
(1)鉱油及び/又は合成油からなる(A)潤滑油基油と、
組成物全量基準でホウ素量換算値0.001~0.1質量%の(B)ホウ素含有アルケニルコハク酸イミド及び/又はホウ素含有アルキルコハク酸イミドと、
重量平均分子量をMw、13C-NMRで測定したアルキル基の平均炭素数をXとしたときに、Mwが10万~70万、Mw/Xが3万以上であり、組成物全量基準で0.1~30質量%の(C)ポリ(メタ)アクリレートとを含有する内燃機関用潤滑油組成物。
(2)Mw/Xが3万~20万である上記(1)に記載の内燃機関用潤滑油組成物。
(3)(C)ポリ(メタ)アクリレートが非分散型である上記(1)又は(2)に記載の内燃機関用潤滑油組成物。
(4)(A)潤滑油基油の粘度指数が90以上である上記(1)~(3)のいずれかに記載の内燃機関用潤滑油組成物。
(5)前記鉱油が、環分析によるパラフィン分(%CP)が60%以上である上記(1)~(4)のいずれかに記載の内燃機関用潤滑油組成物。
(6)(D)ジチオリン酸亜鉛及び(E)アルカリ金属系清浄剤又はアルカリ土類金属系清浄剤から選択される少なくとも一種を含有する上記(1)~(5)のいずれかに記載の内燃機関用潤滑油組成物。
(7)組成物全量基準で、(D)ジチオリン酸亜鉛をリン量換算で0.01~0.15質量%含有し、(E)アルカリ金属系清浄剤又はアルカリ土類金属系清浄剤を金属量換算で0.1~0.3質量%含有する上記(6)に記載の内燃機関用潤滑油組成物。
(8)100℃動粘度が4~17mm2/sである上記(1)~(7)のいずれかに記載の内燃機関用潤滑油組成物。
(9)鉱油及び/又は合成油からなる(A)潤滑油基油に、組成物全量基準でホウ素量換算値0.001~0.1質量%の(B)ホウ素含有アルケニルコハク酸イミド及び/又はホウ素含有アルキルコハク酸イミドと、組成物全量基準で0.1~30質量%の(C)ポリ(メタ)アクリレートとを配合して内燃機関用潤滑油組成物を製造し、
(C)ポリ(メタ)アクリレートが、重量平均分子量をMw、13C-NMRで測定したアルキル基の平均炭素数をXとしたときに、Mwが10万~70万、Mw/Xが3万以上である内燃機関用潤滑油組成物の製造方法。
[内燃機関用潤滑油組成物]
本発明の内燃機関用潤滑油組成物(以下、単に「潤滑油組成物」と称することもある)は、(A)潤滑油基油と、(B)ホウ素含有アルケニルコハク酸イミド及び/又はホウ素含有アルキルコハク酸イミド(以下、単に、「ホウ素含有コハク酸イミド」ということもある)と、(C)ポリ(メタ)アクリレートを含有するものである。以下、各成分についてより詳細に説明する。
(A)潤滑油基油は、鉱油及び/又は合成油からなり、従来、潤滑油の基油として使用されている鉱油及び合成油の中から任意のものを適宜選択して用いることができる。
鉱油としては、例えば、原油を常圧蒸留して得られる常圧残油を減圧蒸留して得られた潤滑油留分を、溶剤脱れき、溶剤抽出、水素化分解、溶剤脱ろう、接触脱ろう、水素化精製等のうちの1つ以上の処理を行って精製した鉱油やワックスやGTL WAXを異性化することによって製造される潤滑油基油等が挙げられるが、これらのうち水素化精製により処理した鉱油が好ましい。水素化精製により処理した鉱油は、後述する%CP、粘度指数を良好にしやすくなる。
また、(A)潤滑油基油は、潤滑油組成物において主成分となるものであり、潤滑油組成物全量に対して、通常、50質量%以上、好ましくは60~97質量%、より好ましくは65~95質量%含有される。
また、(A)潤滑油基油の粘度指数は、90以上であることが好ましく、95以上であることがより好ましく、100以上であることがさらに好ましい。潤滑油基油の粘度指数の上限値は、特に限定されないが、170以下であることが好ましく、160以下であることがより好ましく、150以下であることがさらに好ましい。
潤滑油基油の粘度指数が前記範囲であることにより、潤滑油組成物の粘度特性を良好にしやすくなる。なお、本明細書において、粘度指数は、後述する実施例に記載された方法により測定されるものである。
本発明で使用される(B)ホウ素含有コハク酸イミドとしては、アルケニル又はアルキルコハク酸モノイミドのホウ素化物、アルケニル又はアルキルコハク酸ビスイミドのホウ素化物が挙げられる。アルケニル又はアルキルコハク酸モノイミドとしては、例えば、下記一般式(1)で示される化合物が挙げられる。また、アルケニル又はアルキルコハク酸ビスイミドとしては、例えば、下記一般式(2)で示される化合物が挙げられる。本発明では、(B)成分を配合することで組成物の清浄性が良好になる。また、(C)成分とともに使用することで、コーキングの発生及び銅溶出を抑制することが可能になる。
上記したR1、R3及びR4の重量平均分子量が500以上であると、基油への溶解性を良好にできる。また、3,000以下であると、本化合物により得られる効果を適切に発揮することが期待される。R3及びR4は同一でも異なっていてもよい。
R2、R5及びR6は、それぞれ炭素数2~5のアルキレン基であり、R5及びR6は同一でも異なっていてもよい。mは1~10の整数を示し、nは0又は1~10の整数を示す。ここで、mは、好ましくは2~5、より好ましくは3~4である。mが2以上であると、本化合物により得られる効果を適切に発揮することが期待される。mが5以下であると、基油に対する溶解性がより一層良好となる。
上記式(2)において、nは好ましくは1~4であり、より好ましくは2~3である。nが1以上であると、本化合物により得られる効果を適切に発揮することが期待される。nが4以下であると、基油に対する溶解性がより一層良好となる。
また、(B)ホウ素含有コハク酸イミドは、ホウ素未含有のアルケニル又はアルキルコハク酸モノイミドや、アルケニル又はアルキルコハク酸ビスイミドを、上記ホウ素化合物で処理して得てもよい。
一方、ポリアミンとしては、エチレンジアミン、プロピレンジアミン、ブチレンジアミン、ペンチレンジアミン等の単一ジアミン、ジエチレントリアミン、トリエチレンテトラミン、テトラエチレンペンタミン、ペンタエチレンヘキサミン、ジ(メチルエチレン)トリアミン、ジブチレントリアミン、トリブチレンテトラミン、及びペンタペンチレンヘキサミン等のポリアルキレンポリアミン、アミノエチルピペラジン等のピペラジン誘導体を挙げることができる。
なお、(B)成分の含有量は、上記ホウ素量換算値が上記範囲内となるような量であればよいが、組成物全量基準で、通常0.1~10質量%程度、好ましくは0.5~5質量%、より好ましくは1~4質量%である。
本発明の潤滑油組成物に含有される(C)ポリ(メタ)アクリレートは、重量平均分子量をMwとし、13C-NMRで測定したアルキル基の平均炭素数をXとすると、Mwが10万~70万であるとともに、Mw/Xが3万以上となるポリ(メタ)アクリレートである。
なお、Mw、Xの測定方法は、後述する実施例のとおりであるが、アルキル基とは、ポリ(メタ)アクリレートに存在する全てのアルキル基を意味し、例えば後述する一般式(3)ではR7及びR8を意味し、また、(メタ)アクリレートのCOO-に別の置換基を介してアルキル基が結合される場合には、そのようなアルキル基も含むものとする。また、平均炭素数とは、算術平均値を意味する。
また、Mwが一定範囲にあると、側鎖のアルキル基がある程度の大きさを有するものが多くあってもPMAの反応性が小さくなる一方で、Mwが70万を超えると、側鎖に小さいアルキル基が多数あってもPMAの反応性が大きくなると推定され、コーキングや銅の溶出を発生させやすくなる。また、分子量が10万未満では、側鎖に小さいアルキル基が多くあっても絡みにくくなると推定され、銅の溶出を十分に抑えることができない。
また、Mwと、Mw/Xが一定の範囲にある(C)成分が含有されることで、酸化安定性が高まり塩基価の低下を抑制することができる。
また重量平均分子量(Mw)は、10万~70万であることが好ましく、15万~60万であることがより好ましく、18万~55万であることがさらに好ましい。
一般式(3)中、R7は水素原子またはメチル基を示し、R8は炭素数1~200の直鎖状または分枝状のアルキル基を示す。R8は、好ましくは炭素数1~40のアルキル基、より好ましくは炭素数1~28のアルキル基、さらに好ましくは炭素数1~25のアルキル基である。
一般式(3)において、R8は、具体的には、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、ブチル基、ペンチル基、ヘキシル基、ヘプチル基、オクチル基、ノニル基、デシル基、ウンデシル基、ドデシル基、トリデシル基、テトラデシル基、ペンタデシル基、ヘキサデシル基、ヘプタデシル基、及びオクタデシル基、ノナデシル基、イコシル基、ヘンイコシル基、ドコシル基、トリコシル基、テトラコシル基、ペンタコシル基、ヘキサコシル基、ヘプタコシル基、オクタコシル基、ノナコシル基、トリアコンチル基、ヘントリアコンチル基、ドトリアコンチル基、トリトリアコンチル基、テトラコンチル基、ペンタトリアコンチル基、ヘキサトリコンチル基、オクタトリアコンチル基、テトラコンチル基等が例示でき、これらは直鎖状でも分枝状でもよい。
ただし、(C)ポリ(メタ)アクリレートは、分散型ポリ(メタ)アクリレートであってもよい。分散型ポリ(メタ)アクリレートとしては、一般式(3)で表されるモノマーと、下記一般式(4)および(5)から選ばれる1種以上のモノマーを共重合させたものが挙げられる。
一般式(4)中、R9は水素原子またはメチル基を示し、R10は炭素数1~28のアルキレン基を示し、E1は窒素原子を1~2個、酸素原子を0~2個含有するアミン残基または複素環残基を示し、aは0または1を示す。
一般式(3)で示されるモノマー(M1)と、一般式(4)及び/又は(5)で示されるモノマー(M2)との共重合体の共重合モル比については特に制限はないが、M1:M2=99:1~80:20程度が好ましく、より好ましくは98:2~85:15、さらに好ましくは95:5~90:10である。
また、(C)成分は、上記一般式(3)~(5)以外のモノマー由来の構成単位を本発明の目的に反しない範囲で含んでいてもよい。通常そのようなモノマー成分は、全モノマー成分中の10質量%以下程度である。
本発明の潤滑油組成物は、(D)ジチオリン酸亜鉛を含有していてもよい。(D)ジチオリン酸亜鉛を含有することで、耐磨耗防止性を良好にしつつ、酸化安定性も良好にすることができる。ジチオリン酸亜鉛としては、下記の一般式(6)で表される化合物が挙げられる。
ジチオリン酸亜鉛として、具体的にはジアルキルジチオリン酸亜鉛が好ましく、中でも第2級ジアルキルジチオリン酸亜鉛が好ましい。
ジチオリン酸亜鉛の含有量は、組成物全量に対して、リン量換算で0.005~0.30質量%であることがより好ましく、0.01~0.15質量%であることがさらに好ましい。上記範囲内とすることで、清浄性、耐コーキング性に影響を与えることなく、潤滑油組成物の耐磨耗防止性及び酸化安定性を良好にできる。
潤滑油組成物は、さらにアルカリ金属系清浄剤又はアルカリ土類金属系清浄剤からなる(E)金属系清浄剤を含有していてもよい。(E)金属系清浄剤を含有することで、清浄性を良好にしつつ、塩基価低下、及びコーキングや銅溶出の発生を抑えやすくなる。
具体的には、アルカリ金属スルホネート又はアルカリ土類金属スルホネート、アルカリ金属フェネート又はアルカリ土類金属フェネート、アルカリ金属サリシレート又はアルカリ土類金属サリシレート等の中から選ばれる1種以上の金属系清浄剤が挙げられる。また、アルカリ金属としてはナトリウム、カリウム、アルカリ土類金属としてはマグネシウム、カルシウムが挙げられ、アルカリ金属であるナトリウム、アルカリ土類金属であるマグネシウム、カルシウムが好適に用いられ、カルシウムがさらに好ましい。
(E)金属系清浄剤は、例えば、150~450mgKOH/gのものを単独使用してもよいが、全塩基価150~450mgKOH/gのアルカリ金属系清浄剤又はアルカリ土類金属系清浄剤と、5~100mgKOH/gのアルカリ金属系清浄剤又はアルカリ土類金属系清浄剤を併用してもよい。
(E)金属系清浄剤の含有量は、組成物全量に対して、金属量換算で0.05~0.5質量%であることが好ましく、0.1~0.3質量%であることがより好ましい。これら下限値以上含有させることで、塩基価低下や、コーキング及び銅溶出の発生をより抑制しやすくなる。また、上限値以下とすることで含有量に見合った効果を発揮することが可能になる。
潤滑油組成物は、組成物全量基準で(D)ジチオリン酸亜鉛をリン量換算で0.01~0.15質量%含有し、かつ(E)金属系清浄剤を金属量換算で0.1~0.3質量%含有することがより好ましい。
潤滑油組成物は、(B)ホウ素含有コハク酸イミドに加えて、ホウ素非含有コハク酸イミドを含有していていもよい。ホウ素非含有コハク酸イミドは、ホウ素を含有しないアルケニルコハク酸イミド及び/又はアルキルコハク酸イミドである。アルケニルコハク酸イミド及び/又はアルキルコハク酸イミドとしては、上記したアルケニル又はアルキルコハク酸モノイミド、又はアルケニル又はアルキルコハク酸ビスイミドが挙げられる。
ホウ素非含有コハク酸イミドは、特に限定されないが、組成物全量基準で、通常0.1~10質量%程度、好ましくは0.5~5質量%程度である。
アミン系酸化防止剤としては、例えばジフェニルアミン、炭素数3~20のアルキル基を有するジアルキルジフェニルアミン等のジフェニルアミン系のもの;α-ナフチルアミン、炭素数3~20のアルキル置換フェニル-α-ナフチルアミンなどのナフチルアミン系のものが挙げられる。
また、フェノール系酸化防止剤としては、例えば、2,6-ジ-tert-ブチル-4-メチルフェノール、2,6-ジ-tert-ブチル-4-エチルフェノール、オクタデシル-3-(3,5-ジ-tert-ブチル-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロピオネートなどのモノフェノール系のもの;4,4’-メチレンビス(2,6-ジ-tert-ブチルフェノール)、2,2’-メチレンビス(4-エチル-6-tert-ブチルフェノール)などのジフェノール系のもの等を挙げられる。
また硫黄系酸化防止剤としてジラウリル-3,3’-チオジプロピオネイト等、リン系酸化防止剤としてはホスファイト等が挙げられる。
モリブデンアミン錯体系酸化防止剤としては、6価のモリブデン化合物、具体的には三酸化モリブデン及び/又はモリブデン酸とアミン化合物とを反応させてなるもの、例えば、特開2003-252887号公報に記載の製造方法で得られる化合物を用いることができる。
これらの酸化防止剤は単独で又は複数種を任意に組合せて含有させることができるが、通常2種以上を組み合わせて使用するのが好ましい。
酸化防止剤の含有量は、組成物全量基準で0.01~10質量%程度が好ましく、0.1~5質量%程度が好ましい。
具体的には、例えば硫化オレフィン、ジアルキルポリスルフィド、ジアリールアルキルポリスルフィド、ジアリールポリスルフィドなどの硫黄系化合物、リン酸エステル、チオリン酸エステル、亜リン酸エステル、アルキルハイドロゲンホスファイト、リン酸エステルアミン塩、亜リン酸エステルアミン塩などのリン系化合物、ジチオカルバミン酸亜鉛(ZnDTC)、硫化オキシモリブデンオルガノホスホロジチオエート(MoDTP)、硫化オキシモリブデンジチオカルバメート(MoDTC)などの有機金属系化合物、アミン化合物、脂肪酸エステル、脂肪酸アミド、脂肪酸、脂肪族アルコール、脂肪族エーテル、ウレア系化合物、ヒドラジド系化合物などの無灰系摩擦調整剤などが挙げられる。これらは、1種を単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
これらの中では省燃費性の観点から、硫化オキシモリブデンジチオカルバメートを使用することが好ましい。これらの摩擦調整剤及び耐摩耗剤の含有量は、組成物全量基準で0.01~8質量%程度が好ましく、0.1~5質量%がより好ましい。
また、潤滑油組成物は、さらに、流動点降下剤、金属不活性化剤、流動点降下剤、消泡剤等の成分を含有してもよい。
本発明の潤滑油組成物の製造方法は、(A)潤滑油基油に上記(B)及び(C)成分を配合して潤滑油組成物を製造するものである。また、本発明の潤滑油組成物の製造方法では、(B)、(C)成分以外にも、上記した(D)、(E)成分やその他の成分を潤滑油基油に配合してもよい。
(A)潤滑油基油の量、並びに上記(B)~(E)成分,及びその他の成分が配合される量(配合量)は、上記した各成分の含有量と同様であればよく、また潤滑油組成物の性状や各成分の詳細についても、上記したとおりであるのでその記載は省略する。
本製造方法において、各成分は、いかなる方法で基油に配合されてもよく、その手法は限定されない。
なお、(B)及び(C)成分、さらには必要に応じて、(D)及び(E)成分、及びこれら以外の成分から選択される1以上の成分をさらに配合してなる潤滑油組成物は、通常、これら配合されたものを含有するものであるが、場合によっては、配合された添加剤の少なくとも一部は反応等して別の化合物となってもよい。
(1)動粘度
JIS K2283に準じ、ガラス製毛管式粘度計を用いて測定した値である。
(2)粘度指数
JIS K2283に準拠して測定した値である。
(3)NOACK蒸発量
JPI-5S-41に規定の方法に従って測定した値である。
(4)環分析によるパラフィン分(%CP)
環分析n-d-M法にて算出したパラフィン分の割合(百分率)を示し、ASTM D-3238に従って測定されたものである。
(5)塩基価
JIS K2501に準拠して、過塩素酸法により測定したものである。
(6)ポリ(メタ)アクリレートの平均炭素数(X)
13C-NMRの化学シフトおよび積分値から算出した。具体的には、まず、アルキル基の積分値の合計と、各アルキル基の積分値から、各アルキル基の割合を求め、以下の式により算出した。
平均炭素数X=(各アルキル基の炭素数×各アルキル基の割合)の合計
なお、13C-NMRの測定条件は以下のとおりである。
装置:ECX-400P(日本電子社製) 溶媒:CDCl3
共鳴周波数:100MHz 測定モード ゲート付きデカップリング法
積算回数:2000~5000 パルス遅延時間:25s
パルス幅:9.25us x-angle:90°
(7)ポリ(メタ)アクリレートの重量平均分子量(Mw)
重量平均分子量(Mw)は、以下の条件で測定され、ポリスチレンを検量線として得られる値であり、詳細には以下の条件で測定されるものである。
装置:アジレント社製1260型HPLC カラム:ShodexLF404×2本
溶媒:クロロホルム 温度:35℃
サンプル濃度:0.05% 検量線:ポリスチレン
検出器 示差屈折検出器
(8)ISOTによる劣化後の全塩基価及び塩基価減少率
JIS K 2514に準拠するISOT試験(165.5℃)にて、試験油(潤滑油組成物)に触媒として銅片と鉄片を入れて、試験油を強制劣化させ、96時間後の全塩基価(過塩素酸法)を測定した。また、新油の全塩基価に対する劣化による試験油の全塩基価の減少率を算出した。減少率が低いほど塩基価維持性が高く、より長期間使用可能なロングドレイン油であることを示す。
(9)ISOTによる劣化後の銅溶出量
上記ISOT試験による劣化後の試験油の銅溶出量を測定した。
(10)パネルコーキング試験
Federal test method 791B・3462に準拠し、パネル温度300℃、油温100℃の条件下で、スプラッシュ時間15秒、停止時間45秒のサイクルで3時間試験した。試験終了後、パネルに付着したコーキング物を評価した。
表1に示すように、(A)潤滑油基油に、(B)~(E)成分、及びその他成分を配合して、(A)潤滑油基油及びこれら各成分を含有する各実施例、比較例の潤滑油組成物を作製し、その潤滑油組成物を評価し、その結果を表1に示す。
(A)潤滑油基油
潤滑油基油(A1):GroupIII 150N水素化精製基油、100℃動粘度 6.4mm2/s、粘度指数131、NOACK蒸発量(250℃、1時間)7.0質量%, n-d-M環分析 %Cp.79.1%
潤滑油基油(A2):GroupIII 100N水素化精製基油、100℃動粘度 4.1mm2/s、粘度指数134、NOACK蒸発量(250℃、1時間)12.9質量%, n-d-M環分析 %Cp.87.7%
潤滑油基油(A3):GroupIV ポリアルファオレフィン、100℃動粘度 3.7mm2/s、粘度指数117、NOACK蒸発量(250℃、1時間)15.6質量%
潤滑油基油(A4):GroupIV エステル基油、100℃動粘度4.3mm2/s、粘度指数139、NOACK蒸発量(250℃、1時間)2.6質量%
(なお、実施例8において、潤滑油基油は、潤滑油基油(A3)と潤滑油基油(A4)を混合したものであり、その混合基油の100℃動粘度は、4.3mm2/s、粘度指数130であった。)
(B)ホウ素含有コハク酸イミド
ホウ素系含有コハク酸イミド(B1):ポリブテニルコハク酸イミドのホウ素化物、ホウ素含有量1.3質量%、窒素含有量1.2質量%、ポリブテニル基の重量平均分子量1,800、B/N比1.1
(C)ポリ(メタ)アクリレート
ポリ(メタ)アクリレート(C1):ポリアルキル(メタ)アクリレート、重量平均分子量200,000、平均炭素数(X):4.6、樹脂分:28質量%
ポリ(メタ)アクリレート(C2):ポリアルキル(メタ)アクリレート、重量平均分子量510,000、平均炭素数(X):5.7、樹脂分:19質量%
ポリ(メタ)アクリレート(C3):ポリアルキル(メタ)アクリレート、重量平均分子量440,000、平均炭素数(X):5.8、樹脂分:16質量%
ポリ(メタ)アクリレート(C4):ポリアルキル(メタ)アクリレート、重量平均分子量370,000、平均炭素数(X):5.6、樹脂分:26質量%
ポリ(メタ)アクリレート(C5):ポリアルキル(メタ)アクリレート、重量平均分子量430,000、平均炭素数(X):6.3、樹脂分:42質量%
ポリ(メタ)アクリレート(C6):ポリアルキル(メタ)アクリレート、重量平均分子量44,000、平均炭素数(X):7.3、樹脂分:53質量%
ポリ(メタ)アクリレート(C7):ポリアルキル(メタ)アクリレート、重量平均分子量90,000、平均炭素数(X):8.1、樹脂分:46質量%
ポリ(メタ)アクリレート(C8):ポリアルキル(メタ)アクリレート、重量平均分子量210,000、平均炭素数(X):9.4、樹脂分:44質量%
(D)ジチオリン酸亜鉛
ZnDTP(D1):ジアルキルジチオリン酸亜鉛、亜鉛含有量9.0質量%、リン含有量8.2質量%、硫黄含有量17.1質量%、アルキル基;第2級ブチル基と第2級ヘキシル基の混合物
(E)金属系清浄剤
金属系清浄剤(E1):塩基性カルシウムフェネート、全塩基価(過塩素酸法)255mgKOH/g、カルシウム含有量9.3質量%、硫黄含有量3.0質量%
金属系清浄剤(E2):塩基性カルシウムサリシレート、全塩基価(過塩素酸法)225mgKOH/g、カルシウム含有量7.8質量%、硫黄含有量0.2質量%
金属系清浄剤(E3):塩基性カルシウムスルホネート、全塩基価(過塩素酸法)300mgKOH/g、カルシウム含有量11.6質量%、硫黄含有量1.49質量%
・その他の成分
ホウ素非含有コハク酸イミド:ポリブテニルコハク酸ビスイミド、ポリブテニル基の数平均分子量2300、窒素含有量1.0質量%、塩素含有量0.01質量%以下
アミン系酸化防止剤:ジアルキルジフェニルアミン、窒素含有量4.62質量%
フェノール系酸化防止剤:オクタデシル-3-(3,5-ジ-tert-ブチル-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロピオネート
MoDTC:硫化オキシモリブデンジチオカルバメート、モリブデン含有量10.0質量%、硫黄含有量11.5質量%
一方で、比較例1~3では、ポリアルキル(メタ)アクリレートのMwやMw/Xが、所定の範囲になかったため、コーキング及び銅溶出の発生を十分に抑制することができなかった。また、比較例4の潤滑油組成物は、ホウ素含有コハク酸イミドを含有しないため、ポリアルキル(メタ)アクリレートのMwやMw/Xを所定の範囲としても、コーキング及び銅溶出の発生を十分に抑制することができなかった。
Claims (9)
- 鉱油及び/又は合成油からなる(A)潤滑油基油と、
組成物全量基準でホウ素量換算値0.001~0.1質量%の(B)ホウ素含有アルケニルコハク酸イミド及び/又はホウ素含有アルキルコハク酸イミドと、
重量平均分子量をMw、13C-NMRで測定したアルキル基の平均炭素数をXとしたときに、Mwが10万~70万、Mw/Xが3万以上であり、組成物全量基準で0.1~30質量%の(C)ポリ(メタ)アクリレートとを含有する内燃機関用潤滑油組成物。 - Mw/Xが3万~20万である請求項1に記載の内燃機関用潤滑油組成物。
- (C)ポリ(メタ)アクリレートが非分散型である請求項1又は2に記載の内燃機関用潤滑油組成物。
- (A)潤滑油基油の粘度指数が90以上である請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の内燃機関用潤滑油組成物。
- 前記鉱油が、環分析によるパラフィン分(%CP)が60%以上である請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の内燃機関用潤滑油組成物。
- (D)ジチオリン酸亜鉛及び(E)アルカリ金属系清浄剤又はアルカリ土類金属系清浄剤から選択される少なくとも一種を含有する請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の内燃機関用潤滑油組成物。
- 組成物全量基準で、(D)ジチオリン酸亜鉛をリン量換算で0.01~0.15質量%含有し、(E)アルカリ金属系清浄剤又はアルカリ土類金属系清浄剤を金属量換算で0.1~0.3質量%含有する請求項6に記載の内燃機関用潤滑油組成物。
- 100℃動粘度が4~17mm2/sである請求項1~7のいずれかに記載の内燃機関用潤滑油組成物。
- 鉱油及び/又は合成油からなる(A)潤滑油基油に、組成物全量基準でホウ素量換算値0.001~0.1質量%の(B)ホウ素含有アルケニルコハク酸イミド及び/又はホウ素含有アルキルコハク酸イミドと、組成物全量基準で0.1~30質量%の(C)ポリ(メタ)アクリレートとを配合して内燃機関用潤滑油組成物を製造し、
(C)ポリ(メタ)アクリレートが、重量平均分子量をMw、13C-NMRで測定したアルキル基の平均炭素数をXとしたときに、Mwが10万~70万、Mw/Xが3万以上である内燃機関用潤滑油組成物の製造方法。
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