WO2011068137A1 - 潤滑油組成物 - Google Patents
潤滑油組成物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2011068137A1 WO2011068137A1 PCT/JP2010/071520 JP2010071520W WO2011068137A1 WO 2011068137 A1 WO2011068137 A1 WO 2011068137A1 JP 2010071520 W JP2010071520 W JP 2010071520W WO 2011068137 A1 WO2011068137 A1 WO 2011068137A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- group
- lubricating oil
- oil composition
- acid
- carbon atoms
- Prior art date
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- 0 C*(*)[N+](CC**)[O-] Chemical compound C*(*)[N+](CC**)[O-] 0.000 description 1
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- C10M135/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
- C10M135/20—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides
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- C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
- C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
- C10M129/68—Esters
- C10M129/76—Esters containing free hydroxy or carboxyl groups
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- C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
- C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
- C10M133/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
- C10M133/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
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- C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
- C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
- C10M133/16—Amides; Imides
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- C10M141/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M141/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being an organic sulfur-, selenium- or tellurium-containing compound
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- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
- C10M2203/1006—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen used as base material
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- C10M2203/102—Aliphatic fractions
- C10M2203/1025—Aliphatic fractions used as base material
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- C10M2207/026—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings with tertiary alkyl groups
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- C10M2207/287—Partial esters
- C10M2207/289—Partial esters containing free hydroxy groups
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- C10M2209/084—Acrylate; Methacrylate
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- C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
- C10M2209/105—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of alkylene oxides containing three carbon atoms only
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
- C10N2040/252—Diesel engines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
- C10N2040/255—Gasoline engines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2080/00—Special pretreatment of the material to be lubricated, e.g. phosphatising or chromatising of a metal
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a lubricating oil composition. More specifically, it is a lubricating oil composition having excellent wear resistance even with low phosphorus content, low sulfur content, and low sulfated ash content, and when used for a sliding portion subjected to diamond-like carbon (DLC) treatment. Even so, the present invention relates to a lubricating oil composition that exhibits an excellent friction reducing effect.
- DLC diamond-like carbon
- an oxidation catalyst, a three-way catalyst, a NO x storage-type reduction catalyst, a diesel particulate filter (DPF), and the like are used to purify exhaust gas.
- These exhaust gas purification devices are known to be adversely affected by the metal, phosphorus and sulfur components in engine oil, and it is necessary to reduce these components in order to prevent deterioration of the device. Yes.
- various technologies have been developed for the purpose of reducing fuel consumption for automobiles and the like, and examples include surface treatment technology in sliding parts such as engines.
- zinc dithiophosphate has been used for many years as an antiwear and antioxidant for internal combustion engine lubricants used in gasoline engines, diesel engines, gas engines, etc. It is considered an important essential additive for lubricating oils.
- zinc dithiophosphate generates sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid when decomposed, the basic compound in the engine oil is consumed to promote deterioration of the lubricating oil, and the oil renewal period may be extremely shortened.
- zinc dithiophosphate may become sludge under high temperature conditions and deteriorate cleanliness inside the engine.
- zinc dithiophosphate contains a large amount of phosphorus and sulfur as well as a metal (zinc) in the molecule, it is considered to cause an adverse effect on the exhaust gas purification device. Therefore, it is desired to develop a lubricating oil composition having excellent wear resistance without using zinc dithiophosphate.
- Patent Documents 1 to 3 describe an additive for lubricating oil and a lubricating oil composition mainly composed of a disulfide compound having a specific structure.
- Patent Document 4 describes an engine oil that reduces sulfur and phosphorus, which are poisonous substances of a reduction catalyst, and is excellent in wear prevention performance.
- Patent Document 5 describes a low friction sliding mechanism having a sliding surface using diamond and interposing a lubricating oil composition containing a specific additive.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and is a lubricating oil composition having excellent wear resistance even with low phosphorus content, low sulfur content, and low sulfated ash content, and further, a sliding portion subjected to DLC treatment It is an object of the present invention to provide a lubricating oil composition that exhibits an excellent friction reducing effect even when used in the above.
- the present inventors have found that the above object can be achieved by using a specific sulfur-containing compound and a specific polar group-containing compound in combination.
- the present invention has been completed based on such findings. That is, the present invention 1.
- (A) at least one selected from sulfur-containing compounds represented by the following general formulas (I) and (II), and (B) at least one selected from an amino group, an amide group, and a hydroxyl group
- a lubricating oil composition comprising a polar group and a polar group-containing compound having an alkyl group having 3 to 24 carbon atoms
- R 1 to R 12 are each independently a hydrogen atom; a hydrocarbon group selected from an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkenyl group, a cycloalkenyl group, and an aryl group; or an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom in these hydrocarbon groups;
- n is an integer of 1 to 5 independently.
- the polar group-containing compound having at least one polar group selected from an amino group, an amide group and a hydroxyl group and an alkyl group having 3 to 24 carbon atoms is a glycerin partial fatty acid ester, a glycerin monoether compound, an amine compound, and 2.
- the (B) polar group-containing compound having at least one polar group selected from an amino group, an amide group and a hydroxyl group and an alkyl group having 3 to 24 carbon atoms is represented by the following general formula (III) or (IV):
- R 13 and R 14 each independently represents an alkyl group having 3 to 24 carbon atoms.
- the polar group-containing compound having at least one polar group selected from an amino group, an amide group and a hydroxyl group and an alkyl group having 3 to 24 carbon atoms is an amine compound represented by the following general formula (VII): 2.
- R 15 and R 17 each independently represents an alkyl group having 3 to 24 carbon atoms.
- R 16 and R 18 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a terminal hydrogen atom of a linear alkyl group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms. (Represents a group substituted with a hydroxyl group.) 5.
- the lubricating oil composition is excellent in wear resistance even if it has a low phosphorus content, a low sulfur content, and a low sulfated ash content, and is further used for a sliding portion that has been subjected to DLC treatment. Also provided is a lubricating oil composition that exhibits an excellent friction reducing effect.
- the lubricating oil composition of the present invention is characterized by blending a specific sulfur-containing compound and a specific polar group-containing compound with a base oil.
- base oil there is no restriction
- the mineral oil for example, a lubricating oil fraction obtained by distillation under reduced pressure of atmospheric residual oil obtained by atmospheric distillation of crude oil, solvent removal, solvent extraction, hydrocracking, solvent dewaxing, contact Mineral oil refined by performing one or more treatments such as dewaxing, hydrorefining, etc., or mineral oil produced by isomerizing wax, GTL WAX, and the like.
- examples of the synthetic oil include polybutene, polyolefin [ ⁇ -olefin homopolymer and copolymer (eg, ethylene- ⁇ -olefin copolymer)], and various esters (eg, polyol ester, dibasic acid). Ester, phosphate ester, etc.), various ethers (eg, polyphenyl ether), polyglycol, alkylbenzene, alkylnaphthalene and the like.
- polyolefins and polyol esters are particularly preferable.
- the said mineral oil may be used individually by 1 type as a base oil, and may be used in combination of 2 or more type.
- the said synthetic oil may be used 1 type and may be used in combination of 2 or more type.
- one or more mineral oils and one or more synthetic oils may be used in combination.
- the viscosity of the base oil is not particularly limited, but the kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C. is preferably in the range of 2 to 30 mm 2 / s, more preferably in the range of 3 to 15 mm 2 / s, and still more preferably in the range of 4 to The range is 10 mm 2 / s.
- the kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C. is 2 mm 2 / s or more, the evaporation loss is small, and when it is 30 mm 2 / s or less, the power loss due to the viscous resistance is suppressed, and the fuel efficiency improvement effect is obtained.
- % by ring analysis C A content of sulfur is preferably used include: 50 ppm by mass 3.0.
- the% C A by ring analysis shows a proportion of aromatic content calculated by ring analysis n-d-M method (percentage).
- the sulfur content is a value measured according to JIS K2541.
- a base oil having a% CA of 3.0 or less and a sulfur content of 50 mass ppm or less provides a lubricating oil composition having good oxidation stability and capable of suppressing an increase in acid value and sludge formation. be able to.
- More preferably% C A is 1.0 or less, further preferably 0.5 or less, and more preferably the sulfur content is not more than 30 mass ppm.
- the viscosity index of the base oil is preferably 70 or more, more preferably 100 or more, and still more preferably 120 or more.
- a base oil having a viscosity index of 70 or more has a small viscosity change due to a change in temperature.
- sulfur-containing compounds In the lubricating oil composition of the present invention, a sulfur-containing compound represented by the following general formula (I) or (II) is blended.
- R 1 to R 12 are each independently a hydrogen atom; a hydrocarbon group selected from an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkenyl group, a cycloalkenyl group, and an aryl group; A hetero atom-containing group comprising an atom selected from an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom and a sulfur atom in a hydrocarbon group.
- the alkyl group represented by R 1 to R 12 is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, and more preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 24 carbon atoms.
- Specific examples of the alkyl group include, for example, n-butyl group, isobutyl group, sec-butyl group, tert-butyl group, various hexyl groups, various octyl groups, various decyl groups, various dodecyl groups, various tetradecyl groups, various hexadecyl groups. And various octadecyl groups and various icosyl groups.
- the alkyl group may be substituted with an aromatic group, and examples thereof include a benzyl group and a phenethyl group.
- the cycloalkyl group represented by R 1 to R 12 is preferably a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, and more preferably a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 24 carbon atoms.
- cycloalkyl group examples include a cyclopropyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a methylcyclopentyl group, a dimethylcyclopentyl group, a methylethylcyclopentyl group, a diethylcyclopentyl group, a methylcyclohexyl group, a dimethylcyclohexyl group, and a methylethylcyclohexyl group.
- a diethylcyclohexyl group examples include a cyclopropyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a methylcyclopentyl group, a dimethylcyclopentyl group, a methylethylcyclopentyl group, a diethylcyclopentyl group, a methylcyclohexyl group, a dimethylcyclohexyl group, and
- the cycloalkyl group may be substituted with an aromatic group, and examples thereof include a phenylcyclopentyl group and a phenylcyclohexyl group.
- the alkenyl group represented by R 1 to R 12 is preferably an alkenyl group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, and more preferably an alkenyl group having 2 to 24 carbon atoms.
- alkenyl group examples include, for example, vinyl group, allyl group, 1-butenyl group, 2-butenyl group, 3-butenyl group, 1-methylvinyl group, 1-methylallyl group, 1,1-dimethylallyl group, 2 -Methylallyl group, nonenyl group, decenyl group, octadecenyl group and the like.
- the alkenyl group may be substituted with an aromatic group.
- the cycloalkenyl group represented by R 1 to R 12 is preferably a cycloalkenyl group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, and more preferably a cycloalkenyl group having 3 to 24 carbon atoms.
- cycloalkenyl group examples include a cyclobutenyl group and a methylcyclobutenyl group.
- the cycloalkenyl group may be substituted with an aromatic group.
- the aryl group represented by R 1 to R 12 is preferably an aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, and more preferably an aryl group having 6 to 24 carbon atoms.
- Specific examples of the aryl group include phenyl group, tolyl group, xylyl group, naphthyl group, butylphenyl group, octylphenyl group, nonylphenyl group and the like.
- Y independently represents —O—, —S—, —SO—, —SO 2 —, — (C ⁇ O) O—, — (C ⁇ O) NH.
- x is an integer of 1 to 3, and 2 is preferable.
- n is each independently an integer of 1 to 5, preferably 1 or 2.
- Examples of the sulfur-containing compound represented by the general formula (I) include compounds represented by the following formulas.
- the following compounds are also examples of compounds represented by the general formula (I), such as bis (methoxycarbonylmethyl) disulfide, bis (ethoxycarbonylmethyl) disulfide, bis (n-propoxycarbonylmethyl) disulfide, bis (Isopropoxycarbonylmethyl) disulfide, bis (n-butoxycarbonylmethyl) disulfide, bis (n-octoxycarbonylmethyl) disulfide, bis (n-dodecyloxycarbonylmethyl) disulfide, bis (cyclopropoxycarbonylmethyl) disulfide, 1 , 1-bis (2-methoxycarbonylethyl) disulfide, 1,1-bis (3-methoxycarbonyl-n-propyl) disulfide, 1,1-bis (4-methoxycarbonyl-n-butyl) disulfide, , 1-bis (2-ethoxycarbonylethyl) disulfide, 1,1-bis (2-n-propoxycarbon
- Specific examples of the compound represented by the general formula (II) include tetramethyl dithiomalate, tetraethyl dithiomalate, tetra-1-propyl dithiomalate, tetra-2-propyl dithiomalate, tetra-1-butyl dithiomalate, dithioapple.
- these sulfur-containing compounds represented by the general formula (I) or (II) may be used singly or in combination of two or more.
- the amount of the sulfur-containing compound is preferably 0.01 to 5.0% by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 2.0% by mass based on the total amount of the composition.
- the blending amount is 0.01% by mass or more, sufficient wear resistance is obtained, and when it exceeds 5.0% by mass, an effect commensurate with the addition amount may not be obtained.
- a polar group-containing compound having at least one polar group selected from an amino group, an amide group and a hydroxyl group and an alkyl group having a specific number of carbon atoms is blended.
- the polar group-containing compound used in the present invention is a compound having an alkyl group having 3 to 24 carbon atoms, preferably 8 to 20 carbon atoms.
- the solubility of the compound is lowered.
- the friction reduction effect more excellent normally is acquired with the increase in carbon number, when it exceeds 24, it becomes difficult to obtain the effect commensurate with the increase in carbon number.
- the polar group-containing compound include compounds selected from the group consisting of glycerin partial fatty acid esters, glycerin monoether compounds, amine compounds and amide compounds, and containing the alkyl group.
- the glycerin partial fatty acid ester is, for example, a compound obtained by a reaction of glycerin and a fatty acid.
- the fatty acid include acetic acid, propionic acid, butanoic acid (butyric acid), pentanoic acid (valeric acid), and isopentanoic acid (isoyoshinic acid).
- Herbic acid Herbic acid
- hexanoic acid caproic acid
- heptanoic acid isoheptanoic acid
- octanoic acid caprylic acid
- 2-ethylhexanoic acid isooctanoic acid, nonanoic acid (pelargonic acid), isononanoic acid
- decanoic acid capric acid
- isodecane Acid undecanoic acid, isoundecanoic acid, dodecanoic acid (lauric acid), isododecanoic acid, tridecanoic acid, isotridecanoic acid, tetradecanoic acid (myristic acid), hexadecanoic acid (palmitic acid), octadecanoic acid (stearic acid), isostearic acid, eicosane Acid (arachidic acid), docosanoic acid (behe Acid), tetracosanoic acid (lignoceric
- the mixed fatty acid obtained from natural fats and oils may be sufficient.
- fatty acids having 10 to 18 carbon atoms are preferable, saturated fatty acids having 10 to 12 carbon atoms are more preferable, oleic acid and elaidic acid are more preferable, and oleic acid is most preferable from the viewpoint of reducing friction of the lubricating oil. .
- glycerin partial fatty acid ester examples include glycerin fatty acid monoesters represented by the following general formulas (III) and (IV). These compounds can be obtained by a direct esterification reaction between a fatty acid and glycerin or a transesterification reaction between fats and oils and glycerin.
- R 13 each independently represents an alkyl group having 3 to 24 carbon atoms.
- the glycerin fatty acid monoester represented by the general formula (III) or (IV) may be used alone or a mixture thereof.
- glycerol fatty acid diester and glycerol fatty acid triester may mix.
- the glycerin monoether compound is, for example, a compound obtained by a reaction of glycerin and an aliphatic alcohol.
- the aliphatic alcohol include propanol, butanol, oleyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, and the like. Among these, oleyl alcohol and stearyl alcohol are preferable, and oleyl alcohol is particularly preferable from the viewpoint of reducing friction of the lubricating oil.
- Examples of the glycerin monoether compound include glycerin monoether compounds represented by the following general formulas (V) and (VI).
- R 14 each independently represents an alkyl group having 3 to 24 carbon atoms.
- the glycerin monoether compound represented by the general formula (V) or (VI) may be used alone or a mixture thereof.
- glycerol diether and glycerol triether may mix.
- Examples of the amine compound include an alkylamine compound and an alkanolamine compound.
- Examples of the alkyl group in the alkylamine compound include an alkyl group contained in the fatty acid.
- Examples of the amine compound include amine compounds represented by the following general formula (VII).
- R 15 represents an alkyl group having 3 to 24 carbon atoms.
- R 16 independently represents a hydrogen atom or a group in which the terminal hydrogen atom of a linear alkyl group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms is substituted with a hydroxyl group [eg, — (CH 2 ) 2 —OH].
- the amine compound represented by formula (VII) may be used alone or in a mixture.
- amine compound examples include monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, N-methylethanolamine, N, N-dimethylethanolamine, N-ethylethanolamine, N, N-diethylethanolamine, N-isopropyl.
- Examples of the amide compound include compounds obtained by reacting a monovalent to tetravalent carboxylic acid with an alkylamine or alkanolamine.
- Examples of the alkyl group constituting the monovalent carboxylic acid include hexyl group, heptyl group, octyl group, nonyl group, decyl group, undecyl group, dodecyl group, tridecyl group, tetradecyl group, pentadecyl group, hexadecyl group, heptadecyl group.
- the monovalent carboxylic acid include caproic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, arachidic acid, behenic acid, and lignoceric acid, and also a divalent to tetravalent carboxylic acid.
- examples thereof include polycarboxylic acids such as oxalic acid, phthalic acid, trimellitic acid, and pyromellitic acid.
- amide compound examples include amide compounds represented by the following general formula (VIII).
- R 17 represents an alkyl group having 3 to 24 carbon atoms.
- R 18 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a group in which a terminal hydrogen atom of a linear alkyl group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms is substituted with a hydroxyl group [eg, — (CH 2 ) 2 —OH].
- the amide compound represented by the general formula (VIII) may be used alone or in a mixture. Specific examples of the amide compound include oleic acid monoethanolamide, oleic acid diethanolamide, oleic acid monopropanolamide, oleic acid dipropanolamide, and the like.
- the polar group-containing compound in the present invention may be a compound obtained by reacting the polar group-containing compound with a molybdenum compound.
- the molybdenum compound include molybdenum oxide, halogenated molybdenum, and molybdic acid.
- the molybdenum compound is used in a molar ratio of preferably 0.01 to 10 mol, more preferably 0.05 to 5 mol, relative to 1 mol of the polar group-containing compound.
- a solvent for example, an organic solvent such as hydrocarbon oil, hexane, heptane, octane, toluene, xylene or the like can be used.
- the reaction temperature of the reaction is not particularly limited, but is preferably 50 to 250 ° C, more preferably 100 to 200 ° C.
- the polar group-containing compound in the present invention may be a compound obtained by a reaction between the polar group-containing compound and a boron compound.
- the boron compound include boron oxide, boron halide, boric acid, boric anhydride, and boric acid ester.
- the boron compound is used in a molar ratio of preferably 0.01 to 10 mol, more preferably 0.05 to 5 mol, relative to 1 mol of the polar group-containing compound.
- a solvent for example, an organic solvent such as hydrocarbon oil, hexane, heptane, octane, toluene, xylene or the like can be used.
- the reaction temperature of the reaction is not particularly limited, but is preferably 50 to 250 ° C, more preferably 100 to 200 ° C.
- the polar group-containing compound may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the blending amount of the polar group-containing compound is preferably 0.01 to 5.0% by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 2.0% by mass based on the total amount of the composition. When the blending amount is 0.01% by mass or more, a sufficient friction reducing effect is obtained, and when it is 5.0% by mass or more, undissolved residue may be generated.
- additives may be blended within a range that does not impair the effect.
- the additive include an antioxidant, an ashless dispersant, a metal detergent, a viscosity index improver, a pour point depressant, a metal deactivator, a rust inhibitor, and an antifoaming agent.
- the antioxidant which does not contain phosphorus is preferable, for example, a phenolic antioxidant, an amine antioxidant, a molybdenum amine complex antioxidant, a sulfur type antioxidant, etc. are mentioned.
- phenolic antioxidants include 4,4′-methylenebis (2,6-di-t-butylphenol), 4,4′-bis (2,6-di-t-butylphenol), 4,4 ′.
- amine antioxidant examples include monoalkyl diphenylamines such as monooctyldiphenylamine and monononyldiphenylamine; 4,4′-dibutyldiphenylamine, 4,4′-dipentyldiphenylamine, 4,4′-dihexyldiphenylamine 4,4′-diheptyldiphenylamine, 4,4′-dioctyldiphenylamine, dialkyldiphenylamines such as 4,4′-dinonyldiphenylamine; tetrabutyldiphenylamine, tetrahexyldiphenylamine; polyoctyldiphenylamine, tetranonyldiphenylamine, etc.
- monoalkyl diphenylamines such as monooctyldiphenylamine and monononyldiphenylamine
- Alkyldiphenylamines and ⁇ -naphthylamine, phenyl- ⁇ -naphthylamine, and further butylphenyl- ⁇ -naphthylamine, pentylphenyl- ⁇ - Fuchiruamin, hexylphenyl - ⁇ - naphthylamine, heptylphenyl - ⁇ - naphthylamine, octylphenyl - ⁇ - naphthylamine, alkylated phenyl - ⁇ - naphthylamine, such as nonylphenyl - ⁇ - naphthylamine; and the like.
- dialkyldiphenylamine type and naphthylamine type are preferred.
- Examples of the molybdenum amine complex-based antioxidant include hexavalent molybdenum compounds, specifically those obtained by reacting molybdenum trioxide and / or molybdic acid with an amine compound, for example, in JP-A-2003-252887.
- a compound obtained by the described production method can be used. Although it does not restrict
- alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms such as methylamine, ethylamine, dimethylamine, diethylamine, methylethylamine, methylpropylamine and the like (these alkyl groups may be linear or branched).
- alkanol groups may be linear or branched); methylenediamine, ethylenediamine, propylene diene And alkylenediamines having 1 to 30 carbon atoms such as butylene diamine; polyamines such as diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentamine, pentaethylenehexamine; undecyldiethylamine, undecyldiethanolamine, dodecyldipropanolamine , Oleyldiethanolamine, oleylpropylenediamine, stearyltetraethylenepentamine and other monoamines, diamines, polyamines having an alkyl or alkenyl group having 8 to 20 carbon atoms, and heterocyclic compounds such as imidazoline; alkylene oxides of these compounds And adducts; and mixtures thereof.
- Examples thereof include sulfur-containing molybdenum complexes of succinimide described in JP-B-3-22438 and JP-A-
- sulfur-based antioxidant examples include phenothiazine, pentaerythritol-tetrakis- (3-laurylthiopropionate), didodecyl sulfide, dioctadecyl sulfide, didodecylthiodipropionate, dioctadecylthiodipropionate, Examples include myristyl thiodipropionate, dodecyl octadecyl thiodipropionate, and 2-mercaptobenzimidazole.
- phenol-based antioxidants and amine-based antioxidants are preferable from the viewpoint of reducing metal content and sulfur content.
- the said antioxidant may be used individually by 1 type, and 2 or more types may be mixed and used for it.
- a mixture of one or more phenolic antioxidants and one or more amine antioxidants is preferable.
- the blending amount of the antioxidant is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 5% by mass, more preferably in the range of 0.1 to 3% by mass, based on the total amount of the composition.
- any ashless dispersant used in lubricating oils can be used.
- a monotype succinimide compound represented by the following general formula (IX), or the following general formula A bis-type succinimide compound represented by (X) is mentioned.
- R 19 , R 21 and R 24 are each an alkenyl group or alkyl group having a number average molecular weight of 500 to 4,000, and R 21 and R 24 are the same or different. May be.
- the number average molecular weight of R 19 , R 21 and R 24 is preferably 1,000 to 4,000. If the number average molecular weight of R 19 , R 21 and R 24 is 500 or more, the solubility in the base oil is good, and if it is 4,000 or less, the dispersibility does not deteriorate.
- R 20 , R 22 and R 23 are each an alkylene group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, R 22 and R 23 may be the same or different, and r represents an integer of 1 to 10, Represents 0 or an integer of 1 to 10.
- the r is preferably 2 to 5, more preferably 3 to 4. When r is 1 or more, the dispersibility is good, and when r is 10 or less, the solubility in the base oil is also good.
- s is preferably 1 to 4, more preferably 2 to 3. If s is in the range of 1 to 4, it is preferable in terms of dispersibility and solubility in base oil.
- alkenyl group examples include a polybutenyl group, a polyisobutenyl group, and an ethylene-propylene copolymer, and the alkyl group is a hydrogenated form thereof.
- suitable alkenyl groups include polybutenyl or polyisobutenyl groups.
- the polybutenyl group is obtained by polymerizing a mixture of 1-butene and isobutene or high-purity isobutene.
- a representative example of a suitable alkyl group is a hydrogenated polybutenyl group or polyisobutenyl group.
- the alkenyl succinimide compound or the alkyl succinimide compound is generally an alkenyl succinic anhydride obtained by reaction of polyolefin and maleic anhydride, or an alkyl succinic anhydride obtained by hydrogenating it, and a polyamine. It can manufacture by making it react.
- the mono-type succinimide compound and the bis-type succinimide compound can be produced by changing the reaction ratio of the alkenyl succinic anhydride or alkyl succinic anhydride and polyamine.
- olefin monomer for forming the polyolefin one or two or more kinds of ⁇ -olefins having 2 to 8 carbon atoms can be used, and a mixture of isobutene and butene-1 is preferably used. Can do.
- polyamines examples include single diamines such as ethylenediamine, propylenediamine, butylenediamine, and pentylenediamine; diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentamine, pentaethylenehexamine, di (methylethylene) triamine, dibutylenetriamine, And polyalkylene polyamines such as tributylenetetramine and pentapentylenehexamine; piperazine derivatives such as aminoethylpiperazine; and the like.
- diamines such as ethylenediamine, propylenediamine, butylenediamine, and pentylenediamine
- diethylenetriamine triethylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentamine, pentaethylenehexamine, di (methylethylene) triamine, dibutylenetriamine
- polyalkylene polyamines such as tributylenetetramine and pentapentylenehexamine
- piperazine derivatives such as aminoethy
- a boron derivative thereof and / or one obtained by modifying these with an organic acid may be used.
- the boron derivative of the alkenyl or alkyl succinimide compound those produced by a conventional method can be used. For example, after reacting the polyolefin with maleic anhydride to make an alkenyl succinic anhydride, the above polyamine and boron oxide, boron halide, boric acid, boric anhydride, boric acid ester, ammonium salt of boric acid It can be obtained by reacting with an intermediate obtained by reacting a boron compound such as, and imidizing.
- the boron content in the boron derivative is not particularly limited, but is preferably in the range of 0.05 to 5% by mass, more preferably in the range of 0.1 to 3% by mass as boron.
- the blending amount of the ashless dispersant is preferably in the range of 0.5 to 15% by mass, more preferably in the range of 1 to 10% by mass, further preferably 3 to 7% by mass, based on the total amount of the lubricating oil composition. Range. When the blending amount is less than 0.5% by mass, there is little effect on the base number retention at high temperatures, whereas when it exceeds 15% by mass, the low temperature fluidity of the lubricating oil composition is greatly deteriorated. Each is not preferred.
- any alkaline earth metal detergent used for lubricating oil can be used, for example, alkaline earth metal sulfonate, alkaline earth metal phenate, alkaline earth metal salicylate, and these. Examples thereof include a mixture of two or more selected from the inside.
- a magnesium salt and / or a calcium salt can be used, and among them, a calcium salt is preferably used.
- alkaline earth metal phenate examples include alkylphenols, alkylphenol sulfides, alkaline earth metal salts of Mannich reaction products of alkylphenols, particularly magnesium salts and / or calcium salts, among which calcium salts are particularly preferably used.
- alkaline earth metal salicylates examples include alkaline earth metal salts of alkyl salicylic acid, particularly magnesium salts and / or calcium salts, among which calcium salts are preferably used.
- the alkyl group constituting the alkaline earth metal detergent is preferably an alkyl group having 4 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably a linear or branched alkyl group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, which are linear or branched. But you can. These may also be primary alkyl groups, secondary alkyl groups or tertiary alkyl groups.
- alkaline earth metal sulfonate, alkaline earth metal phenate and alkaline earth metal salicylate the above-mentioned alkyl aromatic sulfonic acid, alkylphenol, alkylphenol sulfide, Mannich reaction product of alkylphenol, alkylsalicylic acid, etc. are directly added to magnesium and / or Or it reacts with alkaline earth metal bases such as calcium alkaline earth metal oxides and hydroxides, or once is converted to an alkali metal salt such as sodium salt or potassium salt and then substituted with alkaline earth metal salt, etc.
- alkaline earth metal bases such as calcium alkaline earth metal oxides and hydroxides
- the metal detergent used in the present invention is preferably an alkaline earth metal salicylate or alkaline earth metal phenate for the purpose of reducing the sulfur content in the composition, and more preferably an overbased salicylate or an overbased phenate, In particular, overbased calcium salicylate is preferred.
- the total base number of the metal detergent used in the present invention is preferably in the range of 10 to 500 mgKOH / g, more preferably in the range of 15 to 450 mgKOH / g, and one or more selected from these are used in combination. be able to.
- the total base number referred to here is JIS K 2501 “Petroleum products and lubricants—neutralization number test method”. Means the total base number by potentiometric titration method (base number / perchloric acid method) measured according to the above.
- the metal detergent used in the present invention is not particularly limited in its metal ratio, and usually 20 or less can be used singly or in combination of two or more, but the metal ratio is preferably 3 or less, more preferably It is particularly preferable to use a metal detergent of 1.5 or less, particularly 1.2 or less, because it is excellent in oxidation stability, base number maintenance, high-temperature cleanliness, and the like.
- the metal ratio here is represented by (metal element valence) ⁇ (metal element content (mol%)) / (soap group content (mol%)) in a metal-based detergent.
- the term “soap group” means a sulfonic acid group, a phenol group, a salicylic acid group, and the like.
- the blending amount of the metallic detergent is preferably in the range of 0.01 to 20% by mass, more preferably in the range of 0.1 to 10% by mass, and 0.5 to 5% by mass based on the total amount of the lubricating oil composition.
- the range of is more preferable.
- the blending amount is less than 0.01% by mass, it is difficult to obtain performances such as high-temperature cleanliness, oxidation stability, and base number maintenance, which is not preferable.
- it is 20% by mass or less an effect commensurate with the amount added is usually obtained, but the upper limit of the amount of the metallic detergent is as low as possible regardless of the above range. It is important to do.
- the metal content of the lubricating oil composition that is, the sulfated ash content
- the metal type detergent contains said prescribed amount, you may use it individually or in combination of 2 or more types.
- overbased calcium salicylate or overbased calcium phenate is particularly preferable in the metal detergent, and the polybutenyl succinic acid bisimide is particularly preferable in the ashless dispersant.
- the total base number of the overbased calcium salicylate and the overbased calcium phenate is preferably in the range of 100 to 500 mgKOH / g, more preferably in the range of 200 to 500 mgKOH / g.
- the viscosity index improver examples include polymethacrylate, dispersed polymethacrylate, olefin copolymer (eg, ethylene-propylene copolymer), dispersed olefin copolymer, styrene copolymer (eg, Styrene-diene copolymer, styrene-isoprene copolymer, etc.).
- the blending amount of the viscosity index improver is preferably in the range of 0.5 to 15% by mass, more preferably in the range of 1 to 10% by mass, based on the total amount of the lubricating oil composition, from the viewpoint of the blending effect.
- pour point depressant examples include polymethacrylate having a weight average molecular weight of about 5000 to 50,000.
- the blending amount of the pour point depressant is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 2 mass%, more preferably in the range of 0.1 to 1 mass%, based on the total amount of the lubricating oil composition, from the viewpoint of the blending effect.
- the metal deactivator examples include benzotriazole, tolyltriazole, thiadiazole, and imidazole compounds.
- the compounding amount of the metal deactivator is preferably in the range of 0.01 to 3% by mass, more preferably in the range of 0.01 to 1% by mass, based on the total amount of the lubricating oil composition.
- rust preventive examples include petroleum sulfonate, alkylbenzene sulfonate, dinonylnaphthalene sulfonate, alkenyl succinate, polyhydric alcohol ester and the like.
- the blending amount of these rust inhibitors is preferably in the range of 0.01 to 1% by mass, more preferably in the range of 0.05 to 0.5% by mass, based on the total amount of the lubricating oil composition, from the viewpoint of the blending effect. is there.
- the antifoaming agent examples include silicone oil, fluorosilicone oil, and fluoroalkyl ether.
- the blending amount is 0.00 on the basis of the total amount of the lubricating oil composition from the viewpoint of balance of antifoaming effect and economy.
- the range of 005 to 0.5% by mass is preferable, and the range of 0.01 to 0.2% by mass is more preferable.
- a friction modifier In the lubricating oil composition of the present invention, a friction modifier, an antiwear agent, and an extreme pressure agent may be further blended as necessary.
- this friction modifier refers to compounds other than the polar group containing compound which is an essential component of this invention.
- the blending amount of the friction modifier is preferably in the range of 0.01 to 2% by mass, more preferably in the range of 0.01 to 1% by mass, based on the total amount of the lubricating oil composition.
- antiwear or extreme pressure agent examples include zinc dithiophosphate, zinc phosphate, zinc dithiocarbamate, molybdenum dithiocarbamate, molybdenum dithiophosphate, and disulfides (represented by general formula (I) or (II) used in the present invention).
- dibenzyl disulfide sulfur-containing compounds such as sulfurized olefins, sulfurized fats and oils, sulfurized esters, thiocarbonates, thiocarbamates, polysulfides; Phosphorus esters, phosphate esters, phosphonate esters, and phosphorus-containing compounds such as amine salts or metal salts thereof; thiophosphite esters, thiophosphate esters, thiophosphonate esters, and amines thereof Sulfur and phosphorus containing antiwear agents such as salts or metal salts; That.
- sulfur-containing compounds such as sulfurized olefins, sulfurized fats and oils, sulfurized esters, thiocarbonates, thiocarbamates, polysulfides; Phosphorus esters, phosphate esters, phosphonate esters, and phosphorus-containing compounds such as amine salts or metal salts thereof; thiophosphite esters, thiophosphate esters
- the blending amount should be such that the phosphorus, sulfur and metal content in the lubricating oil by adding the antiwear or extreme pressure agent is not excessive. It is necessary to keep in mind.
- the lubricating oil composition of the present invention is composed of the above-mentioned composition, but preferably satisfies the following as its properties.
- the sulfated ash content (JIS K2272) is 0.6% by mass or less, more preferably 0.1% by mass or less.
- the phosphorus content (JIS-5S-38-92) is 0.5% by mass or less, more preferably 0% by mass. In addition to the above, it is more preferable to satisfy the following.
- Sulfur content (JIS K2541) is 0.4 mass% or less, More preferably, it is 0.2 mass% or less.
- the boron content is 0.4% by mass or less, more preferably 0.2% by mass or less.
- the lubricating oil composition of the present invention that satisfies these properties can suppress deterioration of an oxidation catalyst, a three-way catalyst, a NOx occlusion-type reduction catalyst, a diesel particulate filter (DPF), and the like of an automobile engine.
- the lubricating oil composition of the present invention uses the above-mentioned sulfur-containing compound and polar group-containing compound in combination, and as a result of this combination, the wear resistance and friction reducing effect far surpassing the time of each individual use are expressed. . Therefore, it is possible to obtain a lubricating oil composition having a sufficiently excellent lubricating performance without blending zinc dithiophosphate, which has been conventionally used as a lubricating oil additive, and to achieve the properties such as sulfate ash. It becomes easy. Furthermore, as will be described later, the lubricating oil composition of the present invention exhibits an excellent friction reducing effect even when used for a sliding portion subjected to DLC treatment.
- the lubricating oil composition of the present invention can be preferably used as a lubricating oil for internal combustion engines such as motorcycles, automobiles, gasoline engines for power generation, marine use, diesel engines, gas engines, etc., and has a low phosphorus content and low sulfur content. Therefore, it is particularly suitable for an internal combustion engine equipped with an exhaust gas purification device.
- the lubricating oil composition of the present invention is also suitably used in applications other than those described above.
- the lubricating oil composition of the present invention exhibits excellent wear resistance and friction reduction effects, for example, an internal combustion engine, an automatic transmission, a continuously variable transmission, a manual transmission, a power steering, a shock absorber, and a compressor Used for lubrication of refrigerant compressors, refrigerators, hydraulic pumps, clutch pulleys and the like.
- the lubricating oil composition of the present invention comprises an internal combustion engine oil, an automatic transmission oil, a continuously variable transmission oil, a manual transmission oil, a power steering oil, a shock absorber oil, a compressor oil, a refrigerating machine oil, a hydraulic pump oil, and a clutch pulley lubrication. It can be used for oil and grease.
- the lubricating oil composition of the present invention has a friction reducing effect and excellent wear resistance not only when the sliding surface is a metal such as steel but also when the DLC film is provided on at least a part of the sliding surface. Is expressed.
- the DLC film preferably has a hydrogen content of 40 atomic% or less, more preferably 30 atomic% or less, and particularly preferably 20 atomic% or less from the viewpoint of enhancing the friction reduction effect.
- the mating member of the sliding member having the DLC film on the sliding surface may similarly have a DLC film, and may be an iron, iron alloy member, aluminum alloy member, resin or rubber. Organic materials such as materials may be used.
- Test plate SUJ-2 plate
- Test ball SUJ-2 ball (diameter 10 mm)
- Test temperature 100 ° C
- Load 200N
- Amplitude 10mm
- Frequency 10Hz
- Test time 30 minutes
- Examples 1-7, Comparative Examples 1-9 A lubricating oil composition was prepared by blending the base oils and additives shown in Table 1 in the proportions shown in Table 1. The properties, composition and performance of the composition are shown in Table 1.
- Base oil hydrorefined base oil, 40 ° C. kinematic viscosity 21 mm 2 / s, 100 ° C. kinematic viscosity 4.5 mm 2 / s, viscosity index 127,% C A 0.0, sulfur content less than 20 ppm by mass, NOACK Evaporation amount 13.3 mass% ⁇
- Sulfur-containing compound A 1,1-bis (octoxycarbonylmethyl) disulfide
- Sulfur-containing compound B tetra-1-hexyl dithiomalate ⁇
- Polar group-containing compound B oleic acid Diethanolamide
- polar group-containing compound C glycerin monooleyl ether
- polar group-containing compound D N, N-dipolyoxyethylene-N-oleylamine
- polar group-containing compound E reaction product of glycerin monooleate with boric acid Polar group-containing
- the lubricating oil compositions of Examples 1 to 7 have a low friction coefficient and a low wear scar diameter value due to the synergistic effect of the combined use of the sulfur-containing compound and the polar group-containing compound. Show. That is, in Comparative Example 1 having no polar group-containing compound, the friction coefficient is 0.140, and in Comparative Examples 2 to 7 having no sulfur-containing compound, the friction coefficient is 0.124 to 0.128. Regardless, by combining these, the friction coefficient can be reduced to 0.110 to 0.117 (Examples 1 to 7).
- the wear scar diameter value is 0.52
- Comparative Examples 2 to 7 having no sulfur-containing compound the wear scar diameter value is 0.60 to 0.65. Nevertheless, by combining these, the wear scar diameter value can be reduced to 0.42 to 0.46 (Examples 1 to 7). Further, as can be seen from the comparison between Examples 1 to 7 and Comparative Example 8, the effect exhibited by the combined use of the additive of the present invention exceeds the effect obtained when zinc dialkyldithiophosphate is blended alone.
- the lubricating oil composition is excellent in wear resistance even if it has a low phosphorus content, a low sulfur content, and a low sulfated ash content, and is further used for a sliding portion that has been subjected to DLC treatment. Also provided is a lubricating oil composition that exhibits an excellent friction reducing effect. Therefore, the lubricating oil composition of the present invention can be particularly preferably used as a lubricating oil composition for internal combustion engines such as gasoline engines, diesel engines, and gas engines.
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Abstract
Description
また、近年の自動車等に関しては、省燃費化を目的とする様々な技術開発が行われており、例えば、エンジン等の摺動部における表面処理技術が挙げられる。
しかし、ジチオリン酸亜鉛は、分解すると硫酸やリン酸を発生するため、エンジン油中の塩基性化合物を消耗して潤滑油の劣化を促進し、更油期間を極端に短くすることがある。また、ジチオリン酸亜鉛は高温条件でスラッジ化し、エンジン内部の清浄性を悪化させることがある。さらに、ジチオリン酸亜鉛は分子中に金属分(亜鉛)とともに、リン分および硫黄分を多量に含んでいることから、排出ガス浄化装置への悪影響の原因となることが考えられる。したがって、ジチオリン酸亜鉛を使用しなくても耐摩耗性に優れる潤滑油組成物の開発が望まれる。
すなわち本発明は、
1. 基油に、(A)下記の一般式(I)及び(II)で表される硫黄含有化合物から選ばれる少なくとも1種と、(B)アミノ基、アミド基および水酸基から選ばれる少なくとも1種の極性基並びに炭素数3~24のアルキル基を有する極性基含有化合物を配合してなる潤滑油組成物、
2. 前記(B)アミノ基、アミド基および水酸基から選ばれる少なくとも1種の極性基並びに炭素数3~24のアルキル基を有する極性基含有化合物が、グリセリン部分脂肪酸エステル、グリセリンモノエーテル化合物、アミン化合物およびアミド化合物からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の化合物である上記1に記載の潤滑油組成物、
3. 前記(B)アミノ基、アミド基および水酸基から選ばれる少なくとも1種の極性基並びに炭素数3~24のアルキル基を有する極性基含有化合物が、下記一般式(III)若しくは(IV)で表されるグリセリン脂肪酸モノエステル、または下記一般式(V)若しくは(VI)で表されるグリセリンモノエーテル化合物である上記1に記載の潤滑油組成物、
4. 前記(B)アミノ基、アミド基および水酸基から選ばれる少なくとも1種の極性基並びに炭素数3~24のアルキル基を有する極性基含有化合物が、下記一般式(VII)で表されるアミン化合物又は下記一般式(VIII)で表されるアミド化合物である上記1に記載の潤滑油組成物、
5. 潤滑油組成物全量基準で、リン含有量が0.5質量%以下、硫酸灰分が0.6質量%以下である上記1~4のいずれかに記載の潤滑油組成物、
6. 潤滑油組成物全量基準で、リン含有量が0質量%、硫酸灰分が0.1質量%以下である上記1~5のいずれかに記載の潤滑油組成物、および
7. ダイヤモンドライクカーボンDLC処理を施した摺動部用の潤滑油組成物である上記1~6のいずれかに記載の潤滑油組成物
を提供するものである。
本発明において用いる基油としては、特に制限はなく、従来、潤滑油の基油として使用されている鉱油や合成油の中から任意のものを適宜選択して用いることができる。
前記鉱油としては、例えば、原油を常圧蒸留して得られる常圧残油を減圧蒸留して得られた潤滑油留分を、溶剤脱れき、溶剤抽出、水素化分解、溶剤脱ろう、接触脱ろう、水素化精製等のうちの1つ以上の処理を行って精製した鉱油、あるいはワックス、GTL WAXを異性化することによって製造される鉱油等が挙げられる。
本発明においては、基油として、前記鉱油を一種単独で用いてもよく、二種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。また、前記合成油を一種用いてもよく、二種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。更には、鉱油一種以上と合成油一種以上とを組み合わせて用いてもよい。
100℃における動粘度が2mm2/s以上であると蒸発損失が少なく、また30mm2/s以下であると、粘性抵抗による動力損失が抑制され、燃費改善効果が得られる。
%CAが3.0以下で、硫黄分が50質量ppm以下の基油は、良好な酸化安定性を有し、酸価の上昇やスラッジの生成を抑制しうる潤滑油組成物を提供することができる。より好ましい%CAは1.0以下、さらに好ましくは0.5以下であり、またより好ましい硫黄分は30質量ppm以下である。
本発明の潤滑油組成物においては、下記一般式(I)または(II)で表される硫黄含有化合物が配合される。
R1~R12で表されるシクロアルキル基は、炭素数3~30のシクロアルキル基が好ましく、炭素数3~24のシクロアルキル基がより好ましい。シクロアルキル基の具体例としては、シクロプロピル基、シクロペンチル基、シクロへキシル基、メチルシクロペンチル基、ジメチルシクロペンチル基、メチルエチルシクロペンチル基、ジエチルシクロペンチル基、メチルシクロヘキシル基、ジメチルシクロヘキシル基、メチルエチルシクロヘキシル基およびジエチルシクロヘキシル基等が挙げられる。また、シクロアルキル基は芳香族基で置換されていてもよく、例えばフェニルシクロペンチル基、フェニルシクロヘキシル基等が挙げられる。
R1~R12で表されるアルケニル基は、炭素数2~30のアルケニル基が好ましく、炭素数2~24のアルケニル基がより好ましい。アルケニル基の具体例としては、例えばビニル基、アリル基、1-ブテニル基、2-ブテニル基、3-ブテニル基、1-メチルビニル基、1-メチルアリル基、1,1-ジメチルアリル基、2-メチルアリル基、ノネニル基、デセニル基、オクタデセニル基等が挙げられる。また、アルケニル基は芳香族基で置換されていてもよい。
R1~R12で表されるシクロアルケニル基は、炭素数3~30のシクロアルケニル基が好ましく、炭素数3~24のシクロアルケニル基がより好ましい。シクロアルケニル基の具体例としては、シクロブテニル基、メチルシクロブテニル基等が挙げられる。また、シクロアルケニル基は芳香族基で置換されていてもよい。
R1~R12で表されるアリール基は、炭素数6~30のアリール基が好ましく、炭素数6~24のアリール基がより好ましい。アリール基の具体例としては、フェニル基、トリル基、キシリル基、ナフチル基、ブチルフェニル基、オクチルフェニル基、ノニルフェニル基等が挙げられる。
一般式(I)および(II)において、xは1~3の整数であり、2が好ましい。nはそれぞれ独立に1~5の整数であり、1または2が好ましい。
本発明の潤滑油組成物においては、アミノ基、アミド基および水酸基から選ばれる少なくとも1種の極性基並びに特定範囲の炭素数のアルキル基を有する極性基含有化合物が配合される。
前記極性基含有化合物としては、例えば、グリセリン部分脂肪酸エステル、グリセリンモノエーテル化合物、アミン化合物およびアミド化合物からなる群から選ばれ、かつ前記アルキル基を含有する化合物が挙げられる。
前記グリセリンモノエーテル化合物としては、例えば下記一般式(V)および(VI)で表されるグリセリンモノエーテル化合物が挙げられる。
前記1価のカルボン酸を構成するアルキル基としては、例えば、ヘキシル基、ヘプチル基、オクチル基、ノニル基、デシル基、ウンデシル基、ドデシル基、トリデシル基、テトラデシル基、ペンタデシル基、ヘキサデシル基、ヘプタデシル基、オクタデシル基、ノナデシル基、イコシル基、ペンタイコシル基、ドコシル基、トリコシル基、テトラコシル基、ペンタコシル基、ヘキサコシル基、ヘプタコシル基、オクタコシル基、ノナコシル基及びトリアコンチル基等が挙げられる。
1価カルボン酸としてはカプロン酸、カプリル酸、カプリン酸、ラウリル酸、ミリスチン酸、パルミチン酸、ステアリン酸、アラキン酸、ベヘン酸、およびリグノセリン酸等が挙げられ、また、2~4価のカルボン酸としてはシュウ酸、フタル酸、トリメリット酸、ピロメリット酸等のポリカルボン酸が挙げられる。
前記アミド化合物の具体例としては、オレイン酸モノエタノールアミド、オレイン酸ジエタノールアミド、オレイン酸モノプロパノールアミド、オレイン酸ジプロパノールアミド等が挙げられる。
前記反応においては溶剤、例えば、炭化水素油、ヘキサン、ヘプタン、オクタン、トルエン、キシレン等の有機溶剤を使用することができる。
前記反応の反応温度は特に制限はないが、好ましくは50~250℃、より好ましくは100~200℃である。
前記反応においては溶剤、例えば、炭化水素油、ヘキサン、ヘプタン、オクタン、トルエン、キシレン等の有機溶剤を使用することができる。
前記反応の反応温度は特に制限はないが、好ましくは50~250℃、より好ましくは100~200℃である。
フェノール系酸化防止剤としては、例えば、4,4’-メチレンビス(2,6-ジ-t-ブチルフェノール)、4,4’-ビス(2,6-ジ-t-ブチルフェノール)、4,4’-ビス(2-メチル-6-t-ブチルフェノール)、2,2’-メチレンビス(4-エチル-6-t-ブチルフェノール)、2,2’-メチレンビス(4-メチル-6-t-ブチルフェノール)、4,4’-ブチリデンビス(3-メチル-6-t-ブチルフェノール)、4,4’-イソプロピリデンビス(2,6-ジ-t-ブチルフェノール)、2,2’-メチレンビス(4-メチル-6-ノニルフェノール)、2,2’-イソブチリデンビス(4,6-ジメチルフェノール)、2,2’-メチレンビス(4-メチル-6-シクロヘキシルフェノール)、2,6-ジ-t-ブチル-4-メチルフェノール、2,6-ジ-t-ブチル-4-エチルフェノール、2,4-ジメチル-6-t-ブチルフェノール、2,6-ジ-t-アミル-p-クレゾール、2,6-ジ-t-ブチル-4-(N,N’-ジメチルアミノメチルフェノール)、4,4’-チオビス(2-メチル-6-t-ブチルフェノール)、4,4’-チオビス(3-メチル-6-t-ブチルフェノール)、2,2’-チオビス(4-メチル-6-t-ブチルフェノール)、ビス(3-メチル-4-ヒドロキシ-5-t-ブチルベンジル)スルフィド、ビス(3,5-ジ-t-ブチル-4-ヒドロキシベンジル)スルフィド、n-オクチル-3-(4-ヒドロキシ-3,5-ジ-t-ブチルフェニル)プロピオネート、n-オクタデシル-3-(4-ヒドロキシ-3,5-ジ-t-ブチルフェニル)プロピオネート、2,2’-チオ[ジエチル-ビス-3-(3,5-ジ-t-ブチル-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロピオネート]などが挙げられる。
これらの中で、特にビスフェノール系及びエステル基含有フェノール系のものが好適である。
これらの中で、ジアルキルジフェニルアミン系及びナフチルアミン系のものが好適である。
前記6価のモリブデン化合物と反応させるアミン化合物としては特に制限されないが、具体的には、モノアミン、ジアミン、ポリアミン及びアルカノールアミンが挙げられる。より具体的には、メチルアミン、エチルアミン、ジメチルアミン、ジエチルアミン、メチルエチルアミン、メチルプロピルアミン等の炭素数1~30のアルキル基(これらのアルキル基は直鎖状でも分枝状でもよい)を有するアルキルアミン;エテニルアミン、プロペニルアミン、ブテニルアミン、オクテニルアミン、及びオレイルアミン等の炭素数2~30のアルケニル基(これらのアルケニル基は直鎖状でも分枝状でもよい)を有するアルケニルアミン;メタノールアミン、エタノールアミン、メタノールエタノールアミン、メタノールプロパノールアミン等の炭素数1~30のアルカノール基(これらのアルカノール基は直鎖状でも分枝状でもよい)を有するアルカノールアミン;メチレンジアミン、エチレンジアミン、プロピレンジアミン、及びブチレンジアミン等の炭素数1~30のアルキレン基を有するアルキレンジアミン;ジエチレントリアミン、トリエチレンテトラミン、テトラエチレンペンタミン、ペンタエチレンヘキサミン等のポリアミン;ウンデシルジエチルアミン、ウンデシルジエタノールアミン、ドデシルジプロパノールアミン、オレイルジエタノールアミン、オレイルプロピレンジアミン、ステアリルテトラエチレンペンタミン等の上記モノアミン、ジアミン、ポリアミンに炭素数8~20のアルキル基又はアルケニル基を有する化合物やイミダゾリン等の複素環化合物;これらの化合物のアルキレンオキシド付加物;及びこれらの混合物等が例示できる。
また、特公平3-22438号公報及び特開2004-2866号公報に記載されているコハク酸イミドの硫黄含有モリブデン錯体等が例示できる。
酸化防止剤の配合量は、組成物全量基準で、0.1~5質量%の範囲が好ましく、0.1~3質量%の範囲がより好ましい。
上記R19、R21及びR24の数平均分子量が500以上であれば、基油への溶解性が良好であり、4,000以下であれば分散性が低下する恐れがない。
さらに一般式(X)において、sは好ましくは1~4、より好ましくは2~3である。sが1~4の範囲内であれば、分散性及び基油に対する溶解性の点で好ましい。
また、好適なアルキル基の代表例は、ポリブテニル基又はポリイソブテニル基を水添したものである。
また、前記ポリアミンとしては、エチレンジアミン、プロピレンジアミン、ブチレンジアミン、ペンチレンジアミン等の単一ジアミン;ジエチレントリアミン、トリエチレンテトラミン、テトラエチレンペンタミン、ペンタエチレンヘキサミン、ジ(メチルエチレン)トリアミン、ジブチレントリアミン、トリブチレンテトラミン、ペンタペンチレンヘキサミン等のポリアルキレンポリアミン;アミノエチルピペラジン等のピペラジン誘導体;などを挙げることができる。
アルケニル若しくはアルキルコハク酸イミド化合物のホウ素誘導体は、常法により製造したものを使用することができる。例えば、前記ポリオレフィンを無水マレイン酸と反応させてアルケニルコハク酸無水物とした後、更に上記のポリアミンと酸化ホウ素、ハロゲン化ホウ素、ホウ酸、ホウ酸無水物、ホウ酸エステル、ホウ素酸のアンモニウム塩等のホウ素化合物を反応させて得られる中間体と反応させてイミド化させることによって得られる。
このホウ素誘導体中のホウ素含有量には、特に制限はないが、ホウ素として、好ましくは0.05~5質量%の範囲、より好ましくは0.1~3質量%の範囲である。
配合量が0.5質量%未満の場合は、高温下における塩基価維持性に対する効果が少なく、一方、15質量%を越える場合は、潤滑油組成物の低温流動性が大幅に悪化するため、それぞれ好ましくない。
これらはまた1級アルキル基、2級アルキル基又は3級アルキル基でもよい。
なお、ここでいう全塩基価とは、JIS K 2501「石油製品及び潤滑油-中和価試験方法」の7.に準拠して測定される電位差滴定法(塩基価・過塩素酸法)による全塩基価を意味する。
なお、ここでいう金属比とは、金属系清浄剤における(金属元素の価数)×(金属元素含有量(モル%))/(せっけん基含有量(モル%))で表され、金属元素とはカルシウム、マグネシウム等、せっけん基とは、スルホン酸基、フェノール基及びサリチル酸基等を意味する。
配合量が0.01質量%未満の場合、高温清浄性や酸化安定性、塩基価維持性などの性能が得られにくくなるため好ましくない。一方、20質量%以下であれば、通常その添加量に見合った効果が得られるが、当該金属系清浄剤の配合量の上限については、上記の範囲に関わらず、配合量を可能な限り低くすることが肝要である。それによって、潤滑油組成物の金属分、すなわち硫酸灰分を少なくして、自動車の排出ガス浄化装置の劣化を防止することができる。
また、金属系清浄剤は、上記の規定量を含有する限り、単独又は二種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
粘度指数向上剤の配合量は、配合効果の点から、潤滑油組成物全量基準で、0.5~15質量%の範囲が好ましく、より好ましくは1~10質量%の範囲である。
流動点降下剤の配合量は、配合効果の点から、潤滑油組成物全量基準で、0.1~2質量%の範囲が好ましく、より好ましくは0.1~1質量%の範囲である。
金属不活性剤の配合量は、潤滑油組成物全量基準で、0.01~3質量%の範囲が好ましく、より好ましくは0.01~1質量%の範囲である。
これら防錆剤の配合量は、配合効果の点から、潤滑油組成物全量基準で、0.01~1質量%の範囲が好ましく、より好ましくは0.05~0.5質量%の範囲である。
(1)硫酸灰分(JIS K2272)が、0.6質量%以下、より好ましくは0.1質量%以下であること。かつ、
(2)リン含有量(JIS-5S-38-92)が、0.5質量%以下、より好ましくは0質量%であること。
さらに、上記に加えて以下を満たすことがより好ましい。
(3)硫黄含有量(JIS K2541)が、0.4質量%以下、より好ましくは0.2質量%以下であること。
(4)ホウ素含有量が、0.4質量%以下、より好ましくは0.2質量%以下であること。
これらの性状を満たす本発明の潤滑油組成物は、自動車エンジンの酸化触媒、三元触媒、NOx吸蔵型還元触媒、ディーゼルパティキュレートフィルター(DPF)等の劣化を抑制できる。
当該DLC膜は、摩擦低減効果を高める観点から、水素含有量が40原子%以下のものが好ましく、30原子%以下のものがより好ましく、20原子%以下のものが特に好ましい。
摺動面にDLC膜を有する摺動部材の相手部材については特に制限はなく、例えば、同じくDLC膜を有する摺動部材であってもよく、鉄や鉄合金部材、アルミニウム合金部材あるいは樹脂やゴム材などの有機材料であってもよい。
例に限定されるものではない。
<性状、性能の測定方法>
以下の実施例、比較例における潤滑油組成物の性状及び性能は、次の方法によって求めた。
JIS K 2283に準拠して測定した。
(2)リン含有量
JPI-5S-38-92に準拠して測定した。
(3)硫黄含有量
JIS K 2541に準拠して測定した。
(4)ホウ素含有量
JPI-5S-38-92に準拠して測定した。
(5)硫酸灰分
JIS K 2272に準拠して測定した。
往復動摩擦試験機にて、試験板及び試験球として以下を用い、下記の条件で試験を行い、摩擦係数を求めた。
・試験板:SUJ-2製板
・試験球:DLC(水素含有量:20%)処理を施したSUJ-2製1/2インチ球
〔試験条件〕
・試験温度:100℃
・荷重:200g
・振幅:10mm
・摺動速度:1.0mm/sec
(7)摩擦摩耗試験
往復動摩擦試験機にて、試験板及び試験球として以下を用い、下記の条件で試験を行い、試験板の摩耗痕幅を測定した。
・試験板:SUJ-2製板
・試験球:SUJ-2製球(直径10mm)
〔試験条件〕
・試験温度:100℃
・荷重:200N
・振幅:10mm
・振動数:10Hz
・試験時間:30分
第1表に示した基油及び添加剤を第1表に示す割合で配合して、潤滑油組成物を調製した。その組成物の性状・組成及び性能を第1表に示す。
・基油:水素化精製基油、40℃動粘度21mm2/s、100℃動粘度4.5mm2/s、粘度指数127、%CA0.0、硫黄含有量20質量ppm未満、NOACK蒸発量13.3質量%
・硫黄含有化合物A:1,1-ビス(オクトキシカルボニルメチル)ジスルフィド
・硫黄含有化合物B:ジチオリンゴ酸テトラ-1-ヘキシル
・極性基含有化合物A:グリセリンモノオレート
・極性基含有化合物B:オレイン酸ジエタノールアミド
・極性基含有化合物C:グリセリンモノオレイルエーテル
・極性基含有化合物D:N,N-ジポリオキシエチレン-N-オレイルアミン
・極性基含有化合物E:グリセリンモノオレートのホウ酸との反応物
・極性基含有化合物F:オレイン酸ジエタノールアミドのホウ酸との反応物
・粘度指数向上剤:ポリメタクリレート、重量平均分子量420,000、樹脂量39質量%
・流動点降下剤:ポリアルキルメタクリレート、重量平均分子量6,000
・ポリブテニルコハク酸イミド:ポリブテニル基の数平均分子量1000、窒素含有量1.76質量%、ホウ素含有量1.9質量%
・フェノール系酸化防止剤:オクタデシル-3-(3,5-ジ-tert-ブチル-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロピオネート
・アミン系酸化防止剤:ジアルキルジフェニルアミン、窒素含有量4.62質量%
・ジアルキルジチオリン酸亜鉛:Zn含有量9.0質量%、リン含有量8.2質量%、硫黄含有量17.1質量%、アルキル基(第2級ブチル基と第2級ヘキシル基の混合物)
・その他:消泡剤、金属不活性化剤
すなわち、極性基含有化合物を有しない比較例1においては摩擦係数が0.140であり、硫黄含有化合物を有しない比較例2~7においては摩擦係数が0.124~0.128であるにも関わらず、これらを組み合わせることで摩擦係数を0.110~0.117(実施例1~7)にまで低減化することができる。また、極性基含有化合物を有しない比較例1においては摩耗痕径値が0.52であり、硫黄含有化合物を有しない比較例2~7においては摩耗痕径値が0.60~0.65であるにも関わらず、これらを組み合わせることで摩耗痕径値を0.42~0.46(実施例1~7)にまで低減化することができる。
また実施例1~7と比較例8との対比から分かるように、本願発明の添加剤の併用により発現する効果は、ジアルキルジチオリン酸亜鉛を単独で配合した場合の効果を上回るものである。また比較例9で示されるように、本願発明で使用する硫黄含有化合物の代わりにジアルキルジチオリン酸亜鉛を用いて極性基含有化合物と併用しても、実施例1~7で示されるような低い摩擦係数および低い摩耗痕径値は得られない。
上記のように、特定の硫黄含有化合物および特定の極性基含有化合物を併用することで、ジアルキルジチオリン酸亜鉛の有する耐摩耗性を超えることができ、この結果、低リン分、低硫黄分、低硫酸灰分であっても耐摩耗性に優れる潤滑油組成物であって、優れた摩擦低減効果を発現する潤滑油組成物が得られる。
Claims (7)
- 基油に、
(A)下記の一般式(I)及び(II)で表される硫黄含有化合物から選ばれる少なくとも1種と、
(B)アミノ基、アミド基および水酸基から選ばれる少なくとも1種の極性基並びに炭素数3~24のアルキル基を有する極性基含有化合物と、
を配合してなる潤滑油組成物。
- 前記(B)アミノ基、アミド基および水酸基から選ばれる少なくとも1種の極性基並びに炭素数3~24のアルキル基を有する極性基含有化合物が、グリセリン部分脂肪酸エステル、グリセリンモノエーテル化合物、アミン化合物およびアミド化合物からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の化合物である請求項1に記載の潤滑油組成物。
- 潤滑油組成物全量基準で、リン含有量が0.5質量%以下、硫酸灰分が0.6質量%以下である請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の潤滑油組成物。
- 潤滑油組成物全量基準で、リン含有量が0質量%、硫酸灰分が0.1質量%以下である請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の潤滑油組成物。
- ダイヤモンドライクカーボン(DLC)処理を施した摺動部用の潤滑油組成物である請求項1~6のいずれかに記載の潤滑油組成物。
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- 2010-12-01 CN CN2010800551447A patent/CN102639684A/zh active Pending
- 2010-12-01 WO PCT/JP2010/071520 patent/WO2011068137A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2010-12-01 US US13/513,234 patent/US20120238481A1/en not_active Abandoned
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CN104508096A (zh) * | 2012-06-29 | 2015-04-08 | 道达尔销售服务公司 | 润滑剂组合物 |
JP2015521685A (ja) * | 2012-06-29 | 2015-07-30 | トータル・マーケティング・サービシーズ | 潤滑剤組成物 |
JP2015533386A (ja) * | 2012-10-30 | 2015-11-24 | シェブロン・オロナイト・カンパニー・エルエルシー | 摩擦調整剤及びその製造方法 |
JP2016501979A (ja) * | 2012-12-28 | 2016-01-21 | シェブロン・オロナイト・カンパニー・エルエルシー | 内燃機関用の超低saps潤滑剤 |
JP2016505687A (ja) * | 2012-12-28 | 2016-02-25 | シェブロン・オロナイト・カンパニー・エルエルシー | 内燃機関用の超低saps潤滑剤 |
WO2015152226A1 (ja) * | 2014-03-31 | 2015-10-08 | 出光興産株式会社 | 内燃機関用潤滑油組成物 |
JP2015196696A (ja) * | 2014-03-31 | 2015-11-09 | 出光興産株式会社 | 内燃機関用潤滑油組成物 |
JP2018002844A (ja) * | 2016-06-30 | 2018-01-11 | 日立オートモティブシステムズ株式会社 | 油圧装置用作動油およびその油圧装置用作動油を用いた油圧装置 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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KR20120099065A (ko) | 2012-09-06 |
US20120238481A1 (en) | 2012-09-20 |
JPWO2011068137A1 (ja) | 2013-04-18 |
EP2508590A4 (en) | 2013-07-24 |
EP2508590A1 (en) | 2012-10-10 |
CN102639684A (zh) | 2012-08-15 |
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