WO2015137452A1 - 圧粉磁心の製造方法および圧粉磁心 - Google Patents
圧粉磁心の製造方法および圧粉磁心 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015137452A1 WO2015137452A1 PCT/JP2015/057309 JP2015057309W WO2015137452A1 WO 2015137452 A1 WO2015137452 A1 WO 2015137452A1 JP 2015057309 W JP2015057309 W JP 2015057309W WO 2015137452 A1 WO2015137452 A1 WO 2015137452A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/02—Compacting only
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
- H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/147—Alloys characterised by their composition
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
- H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/20—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of particles, e.g. powder
- H01F1/22—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of particles, e.g. powder pressed, sintered, or bound together
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
- H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/20—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of particles, e.g. powder
- H01F1/22—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of particles, e.g. powder pressed, sintered, or bound together
- H01F1/24—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of particles, e.g. powder pressed, sintered, or bound together the particles being insulated
- H01F1/26—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of particles, e.g. powder pressed, sintered, or bound together the particles being insulated by macromolecular organic substances
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
- H01F27/24—Magnetic cores
- H01F27/255—Magnetic cores made from particles
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0206—Manufacturing of magnetic cores by mechanical means
- H01F41/0246—Manufacturing of magnetic circuits by moulding or by pressing powder
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/16—Metallic particles coated with a non-metal
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
- B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C2202/00—Physical properties
- C22C2202/02—Magnetic
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C33/0257—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements
- C22C33/0278—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements with at least one alloying element having a minimum content above 5%
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a dust core composed of soft magnetic material powder and a method for manufacturing the dust core.
- the coil component includes a magnetic core and a coil wound around the magnetic core.
- ferrite having excellent magnetic properties, flexibility in shape and price is widely used.
- the adoption of powder magnetic cores using metallic magnetic powder with high saturation magnetic flux density is advancing.
- the metal magnetic powder for example, Fe—Si, Fe—Ni, Fe—Si—Al, and the like are used.
- Patent Document 1 discloses an example in which an Fe—Cr—Al-based magnetic powder is used as a magnetic powder capable of self-generation of a high electrical resistance material serving as an insulating coating.
- Patent Literature 1 a magnetic powder is obtained by oxidizing a magnetic powder to generate an oxide film having a high electrical resistance on the surface of the magnetic powder, and solidifying and molding the magnetic powder by discharge plasma sintering.
- Patent Document 2 generates an oxide layer formed by oxidizing the particles on the surface of soft magnetic alloy particles containing iron, chromium, and silicon, and the oxide layer contains more chromium than the alloy particles.
- a configuration is disclosed in which the particles are bonded to each other through the oxide layer.
- Patent Document 1 does not require the high pressure as described above, it is a manufacturing method that requires complicated equipment and a lot of time. In addition, a process for pulverizing the agglomerated powder after the oxidation treatment of the magnetic powder is required, which makes the process complicated.
- the method disclosed in Patent Document 1 is advantageous in increasing the insulation and strength, but it has been difficult to produce a magnetic core having a complicated shape such as a drum shape.
- the configuration disclosed in Patent Document 2 forms an insulating layer by heat treatment in an oxidizing atmosphere, and although the insulating layer can be easily formed, it does not provide a manufacturing method suitable for a magnetic core having a complicated shape. .
- the present invention provides a method for manufacturing a dust core that can cope with a complex shape while ensuring high strength and insulation in a method for manufacturing a dust core by simple pressure molding.
- the purpose is to provide.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a dust core having high strength and insulation in a drum-shaped dust core that is a typical complex shape.
- the method for manufacturing a powder magnetic core according to the present invention is a method for manufacturing a powder magnetic core using a metal-based soft magnetic material powder, wherein the first step of mixing the soft magnetic material powder and a binder, A second step of pressure-molding the mixture obtained through the steps, a third step of subjecting the molded body obtained through the second step to at least one of grinding and cutting, and the third And a fourth step of heat-treating the molded body that has undergone the above step, and by heat-treating the molded body in the fourth step, the elements contained in the soft magnetic material powder on the surface of the soft magnetic material powder An oxide layer containing is formed.
- the first step includes a step of spray-drying a slurry containing the soft magnetic material powder and a binder.
- the soft magnetic material powder is preferably a Fe—Cr—Al based soft magnetic material powder.
- a preheating step of heating the molded body to a temperature lower than the heat treatment temperature in the fourth step between the second step and the third step is preferable to have.
- a space factor of the molded body provided for the third step is 78 to 90%.
- the processing applied to the molded body obtained through the second step is cutting.
- the shape of the said powder magnetic core is a drum shape which has a collar part in the both ends side of the said conducting wire winding part.
- the dust core of the present invention is a dust core made of metal-based soft magnetic material powder, and has a drum shape having a conductor winding portion and flanges on both ends of the conductor winding portion.
- the arithmetic mean roughness of the surface of the conductive wire winding part is larger than the arithmetic mean roughness of the outer surface of the flange, and the metal-based soft magnetic material powder is an oxidation containing an element contained in the soft magnetic material powder.
- the conductive wire winding part surface is a processed surface and has an oxide layer containing an element contained in the soft magnetic material powder.
- the maximum dimension of at least one of the flanges on both ends is larger than the dimension in the axial direction.
- the soft magnetic material powder is preferably an Fe—Cr—Al based soft magnetic material powder.
- the manufacturing method of the powder magnetic core using simple press molding the manufacturing method which can respond also to a complicated shape can be provided, ensuring high intensity
- a dust core having a high strength and insulation can be provided in a drum core having a typical drum shape as a complex shape.
- FIG. 1 is a process flow chart for explaining an embodiment of a method for producing a dust core according to the present invention.
- the manufacturing method shown in FIG. 1 is a manufacturing method of a powder magnetic core using a metal-based soft magnetic material powder, the first step of spray drying after mixing the soft magnetic material powder and a binder, A second step of pressure-molding the mixture obtained through the first step, and at least one of grinding and cutting (hereinafter referred to as “grinding or the like”) on the molded body obtained through the second step. And a fourth step of heat-treating the molded body that has undergone the third step. In the fourth step, the molded body is heat-treated to form an oxide layer containing the elements contained in the soft magnetic material powder on the surface of the soft magnetic material powder.
- the soft magnetic material powder is bonded and insulated, and a dust core having high strength and high insulation is obtained. Since the oxide layer having insulating properties can be formed on the surface of the soft magnetic material powder simply by heat-treating the molded body, the insulating coating forming process is also simplified.
- One of the features of the present invention is that a third step of performing a grinding process or the like for obtaining a predetermined shape, dimension, etc. is performed before the fourth step of imparting high strength to the dust core. There is one.
- a high-strength powder magnetic core is provided by the oxide layer formed by the heat treatment in the fourth step. On the contrary, processing after the heat treatment becomes difficult because of the high strength.
- the processing is performed after the heat treatment, the metal portion of the soft magnetic material powder is exposed at that portion, so that insulation cannot be secured as it is. Therefore, a flow is adopted in which a grinding process or the like for forming a predetermined shape is completed before the fourth step, followed by heat treatment to form an oxide layer.
- the crushing strength of the compact immediately after the second step is, for example, about 5 to 15 MPa, which is about 1/10 or less of the crushing strength of the magnetic core subjected to the heat treatment in the fourth step. Therefore, grinding or the like is easy in the state of the molded body immediately after the second step. Moreover, even if the metal portion is exposed by performing grinding or the like, the portion is covered with the oxide layer through the heat treatment in the fourth step. Therefore, by adopting the above flow, workability problems and insulation problems are solved together.
- the soft magnetic material powder used in the first step will be described.
- the metal-based soft magnetic material powder has a magnetic property capable of forming a dust core and can form an oxide layer containing elements contained in the soft magnetic material powder on the surface of the soft magnetic material powder
- a preferred form of the metal-based soft magnetic material powder is, for example, an Fe—Cr—M system (M is at least one of Al and Si). Since the Fe—Cr—M alloy powder contains Cr in addition to the base element Fe, it has superior corrosion resistance compared to, for example, an Fe—Si alloy powder.
- the Fe—Cr—M system (M is one of Al and Si) containing at least one of Al and Si in addition to Cr.
- At least one kind of alloy powder is suitable as the soft magnetic material powder.
- Fe-Cr-Al-based or Fe-Cr-Al-Si-based alloy powders containing Al as M have excellent corrosion resistance compared to Fe-Si-based and Fe-Si-Cr-based alloy powders. Almost plastically deformed. That is, if an Fe—Cr—Al or Fe—Cr—Al—Si alloy powder is used, a dust core having a high space factor and strength can be obtained even at a low molding pressure. Therefore, the enlargement and complexity of the molding machine can be avoided. In addition, since molding can be performed at a low pressure, damage to the mold is suppressed and productivity is improved.
- an insulating oxide is formed on the surface of the soft magnetic material powder by heat treatment after molding, as will be described later. Things can be formed. Therefore, it is possible to omit the step of forming the insulating oxide before molding, and the method for forming the insulating coating is simplified, so that productivity is improved in this respect.
- Fe—Cr—M alloy powder is used as a specific example of the soft magnetic material powder.
- Fe-Cr-M-based (M is at least one of Al and Si) Fe-based soft magnetic material powder has Fe as the base element with the largest content, followed by Cr and M (Cr and M are in no particular order) Is a soft magnetic alloy powder with a large content of.
- the specific composition of the Fe—Cr—M soft magnetic material powder is not particularly limited as long as it can constitute a dust core.
- Cr is an element that improves corrosion resistance and the like. From this viewpoint, for example, Cr is preferably 1.0% by mass or more. More preferably, Cr is 2.5 mass% or more. On the other hand, the Cr content is preferably 9.0% by mass or less because the saturation magnetic flux density is lowered when the amount is too large. More preferably, the Cr amount is 7.0% by mass or less, and further preferably 4.5% by mass or less.
- Al like Cr, is an element that improves corrosion resistance and the like, and contributes to the formation of surface oxides. Furthermore, the intensity
- Si has an effect of improving magnetic properties, and can be contained instead of or in addition to the above Al.
- the Si content is preferably 1.0% by mass or more.
- strength of a powder magnetic core will fall when Si amount increases too much, 3.0 mass% or less is preferable.
- Si is preferably at an inevitable impurity level.
- Si is preferably regulated to less than 0.5% by mass.
- the remainder other than Cr and M is mainly composed of Fe, but may contain other elements as long as the Fe-Cr-M soft magnetic material powder exhibits advantages such as formability. However, since the saturation magnetic flux density and the like of the nonmagnetic element is lowered, it is more preferably 1.0% by mass or less excluding inevitable impurities.
- the Fe—Cr—M soft magnetic material powder is more preferably composed of Fe, Cr and M excluding inevitable impurities.
- the average particle diameter of the soft magnetic material powder (here, the median diameter d50 in the cumulative particle size distribution is used) is not limited to this, but for example, a powder having an average particle diameter of 1 ⁇ m or more and 100 ⁇ m or less should be used. Can do. By reducing the average particle size, the strength, core loss, and high frequency characteristics of the powder magnetic core are improved. Therefore, the median diameter d50 is more preferably 30 ⁇ m or less, and even more preferably 15 ⁇ m or less. On the other hand, when the average particle size is small, the magnetic permeability is low, so the median diameter d50 is more preferably 5 ⁇ m or more.
- the form of the soft magnetic material powder is not particularly limited.
- Atomization methods such as gas atomization and water atomization are suitable for producing powders of alloys that have high malleability and ductility and are difficult to grind.
- the atomization method is also suitable for obtaining a substantially spherical soft magnetic material powder.
- the binder binds the powders during pressure molding, and imparts strength to the molded body to withstand grinding after the molding and handling.
- various organic organic binders such as polyethylene, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), an acrylic resin, can be used.
- the organic binder is thermally decomposed by heat treatment after molding. Therefore, an inorganic binder such as a silicone resin that solidifies and remains after the heat treatment and binds the powders may be used in combination.
- the oxide layer formed in the fourth step has an action of binding soft magnetic material powders, and thus the use of the above inorganic binder is omitted. Thus, it is preferable to simplify the process.
- the amount of the binder added may be an amount that can be sufficiently distributed between the soft magnetic material powders and can secure a sufficient compact strength. On the other hand, if the amount is too large, the density and strength are lowered.
- the amount is preferably 0.25 to 3.0 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the soft magnetic material powder. In order to withstand the grinding process performed in the third step, 0.5 to 1.5 parts by weight is more preferable.
- the mixing method of the soft magnetic material powder and the binder in the first step is not particularly limited.
- the mixture obtained by mixing is preferably subjected to a granulation process from the viewpoint of moldability and the like.
- the first step includes a spray drying step as a granulation process after mixing the soft magnetic material powder and the binder.
- a spray drying step a slurry-like mixture containing soft magnetic material powder and binder and a solvent such as water is spray dried using a spray dryer.
- a granulated powder having a sharp particle size distribution and a small average particle size can be obtained.
- the workability after molding described later is improved.
- the average of the arithmetic average roughness Ra of the non-processed surface (for example, the end surface in the axial direction, the outer surface of the buttocks)
- the ratio R MD / R AS of the average R MD of the arithmetic average roughness Ra of the processed surface (for example, the surface of the conductive wire winding part) with respect to R AS can be made 5 or less. More preferably, the ratio R MD / R AS is 3 or less.
- the average particle diameter (median diameter d50) of the granulated powder is preferably 40 to 150 ⁇ m, more preferably 60 to 100 ⁇ m.
- spray-drying granulation is not essential as a granulation method (FIG. 2).
- the Fe—Cr—Al soft magnetic material powder in which M is Al is particularly excellent in moldability, so that a high-strength compact can be subjected to grinding or the like. For this reason, chipping or the like in grinding or the like is suppressed.
- a method other than spray drying is applied as a granulation method such as rolling granulation, for example, in a state where a binder is mixed, the mixed powder becomes an agglomerated powder having a wide particle size distribution due to its binding action. Yes.
- a granulated powder having a desired secondary particle size suitable for molding can be obtained.
- a lubricant such as stearic acid or stearate
- the addition amount of the lubricant is preferably 0.1 to 2.0 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the soft magnetic material powder.
- the lubricant can be applied to or sprayed on the mold.
- the mixture obtained in the first step is preferably granulated as described above and subjected to the second step.
- the granulated mixture is pressure-molded into a predetermined shape such as a cylindrical shape, a rectangular parallelepiped shape or a toroidal shape using a molding die.
- the molding in the second step may be room temperature molding or warm molding performed by heating to such an extent that the organic binder does not disappear.
- the machining such as grinding is a process for making the formed body into a predetermined shape and size. Grinding can be performed using a rotating grindstone or the like, and cutting can be performed using a cutting tool. Grinding or the like includes processing for the purpose of deburring using a brush with abrasive grains, but is preferably applied to at least the conductor winding portion of the dust core. This is because if the processing for obtaining a predetermined shape or the like, such as processing of the conductive wire winding portion, is performed after the heat treatment described later, the processing process becomes complicated. More preferably, the third step is applied to a powder magnetic core having a concave shape that is difficult to process after heat treatment, such as a drum shape having flanges on both ends of the wire winding portion.
- the space factor of the molded body subjected to the third step is preferably 78 to 90%, more preferably 79 to 88%, and still more preferably 81 to 86%. Further, by using Fe—Cr—Al soft magnetic material powder having excellent moldability, it is possible to increase the space factor of the molded body used in the third step to 82% or more even at a low molding pressure. In the second step, the space factor of the molded body can be adjusted to such a range by adjusting the molding pressure or the like.
- the space factor (relative density) of the compact used for the third step is calculated by dividing the density of the compact by the true density of the soft magnetic material powder.
- the mass of the binder or lubricant contained in the molded body is subtracted from the mass of the molded body based on the amount added.
- the true density of the soft magnetic material powder may be the density of an ingot prepared by melting with the same composition.
- the said drum shape is a shape which has the collar part (flange part) which protruded so that it might protrude in the both ends of a column-shaped conducting wire winding part.
- the conductor winding part is cylindrical and the flanges on both ends thereof are disk-shaped
- the conductor winding part is cylindrical
- the flange on one end is disk-shaped
- the other end is square-plate
- a wire winding part having a cylindrical shape and a hook plate on both ends thereof having a square plate shape a wire winding part having a square pillar shape and a hook portion on both ends thereof having a square plate shape, etc. It is not something.
- the configuration of the present invention When the configuration of the present invention is applied to a flat drum-shaped dust core in which the maximum dimension of at least one of the flanges at both ends is larger than the height of the drum shape, that is, the dimension in the axial direction, the effect is remarkable. It is. Furthermore, it is more effective to apply to a deep drum-shaped powder magnetic core with a narrow recess, such as a shape in which the maximum dimension of the collar portion is twice or more the core diameter (diameter of the wire winding portion). . This is because these shapes are difficult to form both by integral molding and by grinding or the like.
- the maximum dimension means, for example, a diameter when the collar portion is disk-shaped, a long diameter when the ellipsoidal plate shape is formed, and a diagonal direction dimension when the rectangular plate shape is formed.
- the shape which has a collar part only in the one end side of a conducting wire winding part is also applicable.
- a method for obtaining the drum shape for example, in the second step, a cylindrical or prismatic molded body is produced, and by grinding or the like, the side surface direction of the molded body such as the cylindrical shape is directed toward the central axis. A recess is formed. Since the molded body after the second step is in a stage before the later-described oxide layer that imparts high strength to the powder magnetic core is formed, grinding and the like are easy, and the machining process is greatly increased. Simplified.
- the compact subjected to the third step is subjected to heat treatment.
- M is at least one of Al and Si
- M is at least one of Al and Si
- the following configuration is obtained.
- M is Si
- Cr is concentrated in the oxide layer
- Fe, Cr and M An oxide layer having a high ratio of Cr to the sum of Si
- Al is contained as M
- Al is concentrated in the oxide layer
- the surface of the soft magnetic material powder is an oxide having a higher ratio of Al to the sum of Fe, Cr and M than the internal alloy phase.
- a layer is formed.
- such a heat treatment can be expected to relieve stress strain introduced by molding or the like and obtain good magnetic properties.
- the heat treatment can be performed in an atmosphere in which oxygen exists, such as in the air or in a mixed gas of oxygen and an inert gas. Further, the heat treatment can be performed in an atmosphere in which water vapor exists, such as in a mixed gas of water vapor and inert gas. Of these, heat treatment in the air is simple and preferable. Further, the pressure of the heat treatment atmosphere is not particularly limited, but is preferably an atmospheric pressure that does not require pressure control.
- the soft magnetic material powder is oxidized, and the oxide layer as described above is formed on the surface thereof. Such an oxide layer constitutes a grain boundary phase between the soft magnetic material powders, and improves the insulation and corrosion resistance of the soft magnetic material powders.
- this oxide layer is formed after forming a molded object, it contributes also to the coupling
- grinding or cutting is performed, so that the internal alloy phase of the soft magnetic material powder on the processed surface is exposed.
- the portion of the alloy phase exposed by the heat treatment in the fourth step is covered with the oxide layer, the insulation of the processed surface is ensured. Since the heat treatment in the fourth step can also serve to remove distortion during molding, to bond soft magnetic material powders and to form an insulating layer on the processed surface, efficient production of a high-strength, high-insulating dust core Is possible.
- the heat treatment in the fourth step may be performed at a temperature at which the oxide layer is formed. By such heat treatment, a dust core having excellent strength can be obtained. Furthermore, the heat treatment in the fourth step is preferably performed at a temperature at which the soft magnetic material powder is not significantly sintered. When the soft magnetic material powder is significantly sintered, the core loss also increases. Specifically, a range of 600 to 900 ° C. is preferable, and a range of 700 to 800 ° C. is more preferable.
- the holding time is appropriately set according to the size of the dust core, the processing amount, the allowable range of characteristic variation, and the like. For example, 0.5 to 3 hours are preferable.
- a powder magnetic core having a complicated shape or a powder magnetic core having a thin portion is manufactured, if there is a concern about the damage of the powder magnetic core in the third step, molding for the third step is performed. It is preferable to increase the strength of the body as compared to the as-molded state. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 9, a preheating step of heating the molded body to a temperature lower than the heat treatment temperature in the fourth step is included between the second step and the third step described above. It is preferable.
- the heating temperature in the preheating step is set higher than room temperature, whereas if the heating temperature is too high, the processing in the third step becomes difficult. Therefore, when the preheating is performed, it is performed at a temperature lower than the heat treatment temperature in the fourth step.
- the heating temperature is such that Al, Cr, etc.
- the temperature below the temperature at which the grain boundary is concentrated is preferable, and 300 ° C. or lower is more preferable. If the heating temperature is 300 ° C. or lower, it is also preferable in that it can be applied to other soft magnetic material powders as well as Fe—Cr—M soft magnetic material powders. Moreover, in order to raise the strength improvement effect by heating, it is preferable that heating temperature is 100 degreeC or more. When the heating holding time is too short, the effect of increasing the strength of the molded article is small, and when it is longer than necessary, the productivity is lowered. For example, it is preferably 10 minutes or longer and 4 hours or shorter. More preferably, it is 30 minutes or more and 3 hours or less.
- the atmosphere at the time of preheating is not limited to an oxidizing atmosphere. The atmosphere is preferable in the atmosphere because the process becomes simple. By passing through the preheating step, the strength of the molded body provided for the third step can be made higher than 15 MPa.
- a preliminary step of forming an insulating film on the soft magnetic material powder by heat treatment or sol-gel method may be added before the first step.
- the oxide layer can be formed on the surface of the soft magnetic material powder by the fourth step, and thus the preliminary step as described above is omitted. It is more preferable to simplify.
- the oxide layer itself is not easily plastically deformed. Therefore, by adopting the process of forming the oxide layer after forming, the high forming that the Fe-Cr-Al-based or Fe-Cr-Al-Si-based alloy powder has in particular in the pressure forming of the second step Sex can be used effectively.
- the magnetic core obtained through the fourth step may have burrs, or dimension adjustment may be necessary.
- the powder magnetic core obtained through the fourth step and the powder magnetic core obtained through the fifth step are subjected to a fifth step in which at least one of grinding and cutting is further applied to the powder magnetic core obtained through the fourth step.
- an oxide layer containing the element contained in the soft magnetic material powder can be formed on the surface processed in the fifth step by the heat treatment of the sixth step. .
- the dust core obtained as described above exhibits an excellent effect in itself. That is, high strength and insulation are realized in a dust core having a drum shape which is a typical complex shape.
- the specific configuration is, for example, a dust core made of metal-based soft magnetic material powder, and has a drum shape having a conductor winding portion and flanges on both ends of the conductor winding portion.
- the metal-based soft magnetic material powder is bonded via an oxide layer containing an element contained in the soft magnetic material powder, the surface of the conductive wire winding portion is a processed surface, and the soft magnetic material powder This is a dust core having an oxide layer containing the element contained in the material powder.
- the surface of the conductive wire winding portion is a processed surface means that the conductive wire winding portion is formed by machining such as grinding or cutting, and the surface of the conductive wire winding portion itself does not matter. That is, also when the oxide layer is formed on the surface of the conductive wire winding part formed by machining, the surface of the conductive wire winding part is a processed surface. In this case, the arithmetic average roughness of the surface of the conducting wire winding portion is larger than the arithmetic average roughness of the outer surface of the collar portion. In addition, the fact that the metal-based soft magnetic material powder is bonded through the oxide layer containing the element contained in the soft magnetic material powder ensures high strength and insulation even when machined.
- the surface of the conductive wire winding part has an oxide layer containing the element contained in the soft magnetic material powder, even if the conductive wire winding part is formed by processing, the insulation property of the surface of the conductive wire winding part is also improved. Secured.
- the surface has a surface that has been processed and a surface that has not been processed, and the arithmetic average roughness Ra of the surface that has not been processed (for example, an axial end surface).
- the average for the R aS, surface through the processing can also be obtained dust core ratio R MD / R aS average R MD arithmetic mean roughness Ra is less than 5%. More preferably, the ratio R MD / R AS is 3 or less.
- the average of the maximum diameter of each particle of the soft magnetic material powder is preferably 15 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 8 ⁇ m or less.
- the average of the maximum diameter is more preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or more from the viewpoint of suppressing a decrease in magnetic permeability.
- the average of the maximum diameter may be calculated by polishing the cross section of the powder magnetic core and observing under a microscope, reading the maximum diameter of particles present in a visual field of a certain area, and taking the number average. At this time, it is preferable to take an average of 30 or more particles.
- the Fe—Cr—M system (M is at least one of Al and Si) as the metal-based soft magnetic material powder
- M is at least one of Al and Si
- the moldability is excellent, and a high space factor and dust core strength are realized.
- the space factor (relative density) of the dust core can be increased with a low molding pressure, and the strength of the dust core can be improved.
- the space factor of the soft magnetic material powder in the dust core subjected to the heat treatment be within the range of 80 to 92% by utilizing such action.
- the reason why such a range is preferable is that the magnetic characteristics are improved by increasing the space factor, but if the space factor is excessively increased, the equipment and cost are increased.
- a more preferable range of the space factor is 84 to 90%.
- the above-described configuration of the powder magnetic core is suitable for a flat drum shape in which at least one diameter or one side of the flanges on both ends is larger than the dimension in the axial direction. This is because it is difficult to realize such a shape only by mold molding.
- a coil component is provided using the above-described dust core and a coil wound around the dust core.
- the coil may be configured by winding a conductive wire around a powder magnetic core, or may be configured by winding it around a bobbin.
- a coil component having the dust core and the coil is used as, for example, a choke, an inductor, a reactor, a transformer, or the like.
- the powder magnetic core may be manufactured in the form of a powder magnetic core formed by pressing only the soft magnetic material powder mixed with the binder as described above, or the soft magnetic material powder and the coil may be integrated. You may press-mold and manufacture with the form of the powder magnetic core of a coil enclosure structure.
- the characteristics of various soft magnetic material powders used in the method for producing a dust core were confirmed as follows.
- As the Fe—Cr—Al based soft magnetic material powder a spherical atomized powder having an alloy composition (composition A) of Fe-4.0% Cr-5.0% Al by mass percentage was prepared.
- the mixture was mixed with 100 parts by weight of the soft magnetic material powder at a ratio of 2.0 parts by weight of an acrylic resin binder (Polysol AP-604, solid content 40%, Showa Polymer Co., Ltd.) as a binder.
- the mixed powder was dried at 120 ° C. for 1 hour, passed through a sieve to obtain granulated powder, and the average particle diameter (d50) was set in the range of 60 to 80 ⁇ m.
- zinc stearate was added and mixed at a ratio of 0.4 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the soft magnetic material powder to obtain a mixture for molding.
- the obtained mixture was pressure molded at room temperature with a molding pressure of 0.91 GPa using a press machine.
- the space factor evaluated with the molded body was 84.6%.
- the obtained toroidal shaped molded body was heat-treated in the atmosphere at a heat treatment temperature of 800 ° C. for 1.0 hour to obtain a dust core (No. 1).
- an Fe-4.0% Cr-3.5% Si alloy composition (composition B) as a mass percentage as Fe-Cr-Si based soft magnetic material powder, and a mass as Fe-Si based soft magnetic material powder.
- composition C an alloy composition of Fe-3.5% Si in percentage, each was mixed and pressure-molded under the same conditions as in the case of No. 1 to obtain a compact. Heat treatment was performed under conditions of 700 ° C. and 500 ° C., respectively, to obtain a dust core (No. 2 and 3).
- a heat treatment temperature of 500 ° C. was adopted.
- the density of the dust core produced by the above steps was calculated from its dimensions and mass, and the space factor (relative density) was calculated by dividing the density of the dust core by the true density of the soft magnetic material powder. Further, a load was applied in the radial direction of the toroidal powder magnetic core, the maximum load P (N) at the time of fracture was measured, and the crushing strength ⁇ r (MPa) was obtained from the following equation.
- ⁇ r P (Dd) / (Id 2 ) (Where D is the outer diameter (mm) of the magnetic core, d is the radial thickness (mm) of the magnetic core, and I is the height (mm) of the magnetic core.) Further, the primary side and the secondary side were wound by 15 turns, respectively, and the core loss Pcv was measured with a BH analyzer SY-8232 manufactured by Iwatatsu Measurement Co., Ltd. under the conditions of a maximum magnetic flux density of 30 mT and a frequency of 300 kHz. The initial permeability ⁇ i was measured at a frequency of 100 kHz by winding a conducting wire 30 turns around the toroidal powder magnetic core and using 4284A manufactured by Hewlett-Packard Company.
- the No. 1 and No. 2 dust cores using Fe—Cr—M soft magnetic powder as the soft magnetic powder are No. 3 dust cores using Fe—Si soft magnetic alloy powder.
- the crushing strength increased while exhibiting the same or better magnetic properties. That is, according to the structure which concerns on No1 and 2, it was possible to provide the powder magnetic core which has high intensity
- the No. 1 dust core produced using the Fe—Cr—Al based soft magnetic material powder includes the No. 3 dust core using the Fe—Si based soft magnetic material powder and the Fe—Cr—Si based soft magnetic material. Compared with the No. 2 dust core using powder, the space factor and permeability were significantly increased. In addition, the crushing strength of the No.
- FIG. (A) is an SEM image, and it can be seen that a phase having a black color tone is formed on the surface of the soft magnetic material powder (soft magnetic material particle) 1 having a light gray color tone.
- FIGS. 3B to 3E are mappings showing the distribution of O (oxygen), Fe (iron), Al (aluminum), and Cr (chromium), respectively. The brighter the color, the greater the number of target elements.
- FIG. 3 shows that the surface of the soft magnetic material powder is rich in oxygen and oxides are formed, and that each soft magnetic material particle, which is an alloy, is bonded through the oxides.
- the Fe magnetic surface has a lower Fe concentration on the surface of the soft magnetic material powder, and Cr does not show a large concentration distribution.
- the concentration of Al at the soft magnetic material grain boundary is remarkably high.
- an oxide layer containing the elements contained in the soft magnetic material powder is formed at the grain boundary of the soft magnetic material powder, and the oxide layer is more Al than the inner alloy phase than the sum of Fe, Cr, and Al. It was confirmed that the oxide layer had a high ratio.
- the concentration distribution of each constituent element as shown in FIG. 3 was not observed, and it was also found that the oxide layer was formed by the heat treatment. It can also be seen that the oxide layers at each grain boundary having a high Al ratio are connected to each other.
- FIG. (A) is an SEM image, and it can be seen that a phase having a black color tone is formed on the surface of the soft magnetic material powder 1 having a light gray color tone.
- FIGS. 4B to 4E are mappings showing the distribution of O (oxygen), Fe (iron), Cr (chromium), and Si (silicon), respectively.
- the grain boundaries of the soft magnetic material powder are rich in oxygen and oxides are formed, and the soft magnetic material powders are bonded through the oxides. You can see how it is. Further, the soft magnetic material powder also has a lower Fe concentration at the grain boundary than the inside, and Si does not show a large concentration distribution. On the other hand, the concentration of Cr on the surface of the soft magnetic material powder is remarkably high. As a result, an oxide layer containing the elements contained in the soft magnetic material powder is formed on the surface of the soft magnetic material powder, and the oxide layer contains Cr with respect to the sum of Fe, Cr, and Si rather than the internal alloy phase. It was confirmed that the oxide layer had a high ratio.
- the powder magnetic cores of Fe-Cr-M soft magnetic material powders No. 1 and 2 both contain Cr, but when M does not contain Al, Cr is concentrated at the grain boundary of the soft magnetic material powder, and M is Al. In the case of containing Al, it was found that Al is more concentrated at the grain boundaries than Cr.
- an Fe-Cr-M soft magnetic material powder having a different Si amount from the composition A an alloy composition of Fe-3.9% Cr-4.9% Al-1.9Si in mass percentage (composition D) And a spherical atomized powder having an alloy composition (composition E) of Fe-3.8% Cr-4.8% Al-2.9Si by mass percentage as follows:
- a dust core was prepared.
- the average particle size (median diameter d50) measured with a laser diffraction / scattering particle size distribution analyzer (LA-920 manufactured by Horiba, Ltd.) is 14.7 ⁇ m for atomized powder of composition D and 11.6 ⁇ m for atomized powder of composition E. there were.
- Composition D and Composition E For each of Composition D and Composition E, 100 parts by weight of soft magnetic material powder was mixed with PVA (Poval PVA-205 manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd .; solid content 10%) as a binder at a ratio of 2.5 parts by weight. The obtained mixture was dried at 120 ° C. for 1 hour, and then passed through a sieve to obtain a granulated powder. The average particle size (d50) was set in the range of 60 to 80 ⁇ m. Further, 0.4 parts by weight of zinc stearate was added to 100 parts by weight of the granulated powder and mixed to obtain a molding mixture.
- PVA Porous aluminum oxide
- the obtained mixture was press-molded at a room temperature with a molding pressure of 0.74 GPa using a press machine to obtain a toroidal shaped compact having an inner diameter of 7.8 mm, an outer diameter of 13.5 mm, and a thickness of 4.3 mm. It was.
- the space factor evaluated by the molded body was 80.9% (composition D) and 78.3% (composition E), respectively.
- the molded body obtained as described above was heat-treated in the atmosphere at a heat treatment temperature of 750 ° C. for 1.0 hour to obtain a dust core (No. 4 and 5).
- Table 2 shows the results of evaluating magnetic characteristics and the like in the same manner as in Nos. 1 to 3 above.
- the No. 4 and No. 5 dust cores using Fe—Cr—Al—Si based soft magnetic material powder as the soft magnetic material powder are compared with the No. 1 dust core by adding Si. Improved magnetic properties.
- the crushing strength is slightly lower than that of the No. 1 dust core, it can also be seen that a sufficient crushing strength of 100 MPa or more can be obtained even under a reduced molding pressure. That is, although containing Si is disadvantageous in obtaining high-pressure ring strength, it has been confirmed that high pressure-ring strength can be ensured by including Al simultaneously.
- Example 1 Examples of the present invention having the first to fourth steps will be described below.
- drum-shaped dust cores were produced as follows (No. 6 and No. 7, respectively).
- PVA Porous PVA-205 manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd .; solid content 10%
- the obtained mixture was dried at 120 ° C. for 1 hour, and then passed through a sieve to obtain a granulated powder.
- the average particle size (d50) was set in the range of 60 to 80 ⁇ m.
- the shape of the molded body before processing in the third step is shown in FIG. 7A, and the shape after processing is shown in FIG. 7B.
- the shape of the molded body 6 after the grinding process is a drum shape in which the dug portions are the conductive wire winding portions 7 and the flange portions 8 are provided on both end sides thereof.
- the diameter of the collar portion was 10.2 mm, the height was 7.5 mm, and the diameter of the conductor winding portion was 4.8 mm. There was no problem of chipping and the processability was good.
- the molded body obtained as described above was heat-treated in the atmosphere at a heat treatment temperature of 750 ° C. for 1.0 hour (fourth step) to obtain a dust core.
- the resistance of the drum-shaped dust core obtained as described above was evaluated as follows.
- An electrode 9 was formed by applying a silver paste 3 mm apart on the circular surface of one of the ridges (FIG. 8A), and the resistance in the ridge surface was measured (in-plane resistance).
- the electrode 10 is formed by applying a silver paste at a distance of 4 mm on both sides of the wire winding portion across the shaft (FIG. 8B), and the resistance of the shaft portion subjected to grinding is measured. (Conductor winding resistance).
- Table 3 shows the results of resistance measurement, which was evaluated by a two-terminal method with a measurement voltage of 300 V, using 8340A manufactured by ADC Corporation.
- the resistance of the conductor winding portion subjected to grinding showed a high resistance value equivalent to the in-plane resistance of the collar portion, and it was found that sufficient insulation was ensured.
- an oxide layer containing the elements contained in the soft magnetic material powder is formed on the surface of the soft magnetic material powder, and the oxide layer is made of Fe, Cr, and Si rather than the internal alloy phase.
- the oxide layer had a high ratio of Cr to the sum.
- a similar oxide layer was also formed on the surface of the conductor winding part.
- an attempt was made to produce a drum shape with the above dimensions by grinding after heat treatment, but the dust core after heat treatment was hard and could not be processed into a predetermined shape.
- Example 2 Using a soft magnetic material powder having the same composition as that of No. 1 (composition A), a drum-shaped dust core was produced as follows. To 100 parts by weight of the soft magnetic material powder, PVA (Poval PVA-205 manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd .; solid content 10%) is added at a ratio of 10.0 parts by weight, and ion-exchanged water is added as a solvent. Mix to make a slurry. The slurry concentration is 80% by mass. The slurry was sprayed inside the apparatus with a spray dryer, and the slurry was instantly dried with hot air adjusted to 240 ° C. to collect granulated granules (first step). The obtained mixture was dried at 120 ° C.
- PVA Porous aluminum oxide
- the average particle size (d50) was set in the range of 60 to 80 ⁇ m. Further, 0.4 parts by weight of zinc stearate was added to 100 parts by weight of the granulated powder and mixed to obtain a mixture to be subjected to pressure molding. The obtained mixture was pressure-molded at room temperature with a molding pressure of 0.74 GPa using a press machine to obtain a cylindrical molded body (second step). The dimension of the obtained molded body is ⁇ 10.2 ⁇ 7.5 mm. Moreover, the space factor evaluated with the molded object was 82.5%.
- the outer peripheral side surface of the cylindrical molded body obtained through the second step was subjected to grinding using a rotating grindstone (third step).
- the diameter of the drum-shaped collar portion was 10.2 mm
- the height was 7.5 mm
- the diameter of the conductor winding portion was 4.8 mm.
- the obtained molded body was heat-treated in the atmosphere at a heat treatment temperature of 750 ° C. for 1.0 hour to obtain a dust core.
- An oxide layer containing the elements contained in the soft magnetic material powder is formed on the surface of the soft magnetic material powder of the obtained dust core, and the oxide layer is made of Fe, Cr, and Si rather than the internal alloy phase.
- the oxide layer had a high ratio of Cr to the sum.
- a similar oxide layer was also formed on the surface of the conductor winding part.
- the processed surface of the obtained dust core was smoother than the dust core of Example 1.
- the arithmetic average roughness Ra of the machined surface (conductor winding portion surface) and the non-machined surface (molding punch surface: axial end surface) are measured using an ultra-deep shape measuring microscope VK-8500 manufactured by KEYENCE. Was measured. Measurement is performed at two locations on each surface (“central part” on the non-machined surface (molded punch surface) and “axially central part” on the machined surface (conductor winding surface)) with respect to the five dust cores. A total of 10 locations were conducted.
- the evaluation area around one place was 0.32 mm 2 .
- the arithmetic average roughness Ra of the non-processed surface (molding punch surface) was in the range of 1.10 to 2.01 ⁇ m, and the average was 1.40 ⁇ m. That is, the arithmetic average roughness Ra of the non-processed surface (molding punch surface) was suppressed to a range of 2 ⁇ m or less.
- the arithmetic average roughness Ra of the processed surface was in the range of 3.17 to 4.99 ⁇ m, and the average was 4.11 ⁇ m.
- the ratio R MD / R AS was suppressed to about 2.9.
- a drum-shaped dust core was produced as follows. To 100 parts by weight of the soft magnetic material powder, PVA (Poval PVA-205 manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd .; solid content 10%) is added at a ratio of 10.0 parts by weight, and ion-exchanged water is added as a solvent. Mix to make a slurry. The slurry concentration is 80% by mass. The slurry was sprayed inside the apparatus with a spray dryer, and the slurry was instantly dried with hot air adjusted to 240 ° C. to collect granulated granules (first step).
- PVA Porous 205 manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd .
- solid content 10% ion-exchanged water
- the obtained mixture was dried at 120 ° C. for 1 hour, and then passed through a sieve to obtain a granulated powder.
- the average particle size (d50) was set in the range of 60 to 80 ⁇ m. Further, 0.4 parts by weight of zinc stearate was added to and mixed with 100 parts by weight of the granulated powder.
- the obtained mixed powder was press-molded at room temperature with a molding pressure of 0.74 GPa using a press machine to obtain a cylindrical molded body (second step).
- the size of the obtained molded body is a toroidal shape having an inner diameter of 7.8 mm, an outer diameter of 13.5 mm, and a thickness of 4.3 mm.
- the space factor of the obtained molded body was 81.3%.
- Table 4 and FIG. 10 show the preheating temperature dependency of the compact strength.
- the strength of the molded body increased as the preheating temperature increased.
- the preheating temperature was 100 ° C. or higher, a molded body strength exceeding 15 MPa was obtained.
- a temperature range of 300 ° C. or less which is considered to be mainly due to the hardening of the binder
- a temperature range of 500 ° C. or more in which an oxide that firmly bonds metal-based soft magnetic material powders is formed It was found that the gradient of intensity change with respect to the preheating temperature changed.
- a temperature range of 300 ° C. or lower in which the gradient of the intensity change is small and the absolute value of the intensity is not too large, is particularly suitable as the temperature for the preheating treatment.
- the raw material powder which performed the preliminary evaluation of the above-mentioned molded object strength was used.
- Using a press machine it was pressure-molded at a molding pressure of 0.74 GPa at room temperature to obtain a cylindrical shaped body (second step).
- the dimension of the obtained molded body is ⁇ 4 ⁇ 1 mm.
- the space factor of the obtained molded body was 81.5%.
- a drum-shaped powder magnetic core was produced.
- a drum-shaped dust core was manufactured by a manufacturing method that did not go through a preheating step.
- the heat treatment in the fourth step was performed under the same conditions as No. 6 described above.
- An oxide layer containing the elements contained in the soft magnetic material powder is formed on the surface of the soft magnetic material powder of the obtained dust core, and the oxide layer is made of Fe, Cr, and Si rather than the internal alloy phase.
- the oxide layer had a high ratio of Cr to the sum.
- a similar oxide layer was also formed on the surface of the conductor winding part.
- the dust core subjected to the preheating step did not crack, chip, or chip. That is, even in a drum-shaped dust core having a high flatness in which the diameter (maximum dimension) of the flanges on both ends is twice or more of the dimension in the axial direction, high quality without defects could be realized.
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Abstract
Description
また、特許文献2には、鉄、クロムおよびケイ素を含む軟磁性合金粒子の表面に当該粒子を酸化して形成した酸化層が生成され、当該酸化層は当該合金粒子に比較してクロムを多く含み、粒子同士は当該酸化層を介して結合されている構成が開示されている。
特許文献2に開示された構成は、酸化性雰囲気で熱処理することで絶縁層を形成し、絶縁層形成は容易になるものの、複雑な形状の磁心に好適な製造方法を提供するものではなかった。
また、本発明によれば、複雑な形状として代表的なドラム形状の圧粉磁心において、高い強度と絶縁性を備えた圧粉磁心を提供することができる。
図1は本発明に係る圧粉磁心の製造方法の実施形態を説明するための工程のフロー図である。図1に示す製造方法は、金属系の軟磁性材料粉を用いた圧粉磁心の製造方法であって、軟磁性材料粉とバインダを混合した後、噴霧乾燥する第1の工程と、前記第1の工程を経て得られた混合物を加圧成形する第2の工程と、前記第2の工程を経て得られた成形体に研削加工および切削加工の少なくとも一方(以下、「研削加工等」ともいう)を施す第3の工程と、前記第3の工程を経た成形体を熱処理する第4の工程とを有する。第4の工程において前記成形体を熱処理することによって、軟磁性材料粉の表面に、該軟磁性材料粉の含有元素を含む酸化物層を形成する。
第4の工程の熱処理で形成される酸化物層によって高強度の圧粉磁心が提供されるが、逆に高強度が故に熱処理後の加工は困難になる。しかも、熱処理後に加工を行うと、その部分は軟磁性材料粉の金属部分が露出するため、そのままでは絶縁性が確保できない。そこで、第4の工程前に所定の形状にするための研削加工等を済ませておき、その後に熱処理を行って酸化物層を形成するフローを採用する。第2の工程を経た直後の成形体の圧環強度は、例えば5~15MPa程度であり、第4の工程の熱処理を経た磁心の圧環強度の1/10以下程度である。したがって、第2の工程を経た直後の成形体の状態では、研削加工等は容易である。しかも、研削加工等を行って金属部分が露出しても、その部分は第4の工程の熱処理を経ることで酸化物層に覆われる。したがって、上記フローを採用することによって、加工性の問題や絶縁性の問題がまとめて解決される。
Fe-Cr-M系(MはAlおよびSiのうちの少なくとも一種)のFe基軟磁性材料粉は、最も含有量が多いベース元素をFeとし、それについでCrおよびM(CrとMは順不同)の含有量が多い軟磁性合金粉である。Fe-Cr-M系の軟磁性材料粉の具体的な組成は、圧粉磁心を構成できるものであれば、これを特に限定するものではない。Crは耐食性等を高める元素である。かかる観点から、例えばCrは1.0質量%以上が好ましい。より好ましくは、Crは2.5質量%以上である。一方、Crは、これが多くなりすぎると飽和磁束密度が低下するため、9.0質量%以下が好ましい。より好ましくはCr量は7.0質量%以下、さらに好ましくは4.5質量%以下である。
転動造粒等、造粒方法として噴霧乾燥以外の方法を適用する場合、例えば、バインダが混合された状態では、その結着作用により、混合粉は広い粒度分布をもった凝集粉となっている。かかる混合粉を、例えば振動篩等を用いて篩に通すことによって、成形に適した所望の二次粒子径の造粒粉を得ることができる。
第2の工程においては、必ずしもニアネットシェイプの成形体を得る必要は無い。後述する第3の工程で研削加工等を行うからである。
ドラム形状を得る方法としては、例えば、第2の工程で、円柱状または角柱状の成形体を作製し、研削加工等によって、かかる円柱状等の成形体の側面方向から中心軸方向に向かって凹部を形成する。第2の工程を経た段階での成形体は、圧粉磁心に高強度を付与する後述の酸化物層が形成される前段階にあるため、研削加工等は容易であり、加工工程が大幅に簡略化される。
上記の熱処理によって軟磁性材料粉が酸化されて、その表面に上記のような酸化物層が形成される。かかる酸化物層は軟磁性材料粉間の粒界相を構成し、軟磁性材料粉の絶縁性および耐食性が向上する。また、かかる酸化物層は、成形体を構成した後に形成されるため、該酸化物層を介した軟磁性材料粉同士の結合にも寄与する。
上述のように第3の工程では、研削加工または切削加工が行われるため、加工面の軟磁性材料粉は内部の合金相が露出する。これに対して、第4の工程の熱処理を経ることで露出した合金相の部分が酸化物層に覆われるため、加工面の絶縁性が確保される。第4の工程の熱処理は、成形時の歪み除去、軟磁性材料粉同士の結合および加工面の絶縁層形成を兼ねることができるため、高強度、高絶縁性の圧粉磁心の効率的な製造が可能になる。
例えば、複雑な形状の圧粉磁心、薄い部分を有する圧粉磁心を製造する場合のように、第3の工程における圧粉磁心の破損が懸念される場合には、第3の工程に供する成形体の強度を成形されたままの状態よりも高めておくことが好ましい。具体的には、図9に示すように、上述の第2の工程と第3の工程との間に、成形体を第4の工程における熱処理温度よりも低い温度に加熱する予備加熱工程を有することが好ましい。第4の工程の熱処理によって、軟磁性材料粉の表面に該軟磁性材料粉の含有元素を含む酸化物層が形成され、得られる圧粉磁心の強度が顕著に増加するが、かかる熱処理の温度よりも低い温度への加熱でも成形体の強度は増加する。加熱の実効性から、予備加熱工程における加熱温度は室温よりも高く設定する一方、加熱の温度が高すぎると第3の工程における加工が困難になる。そこで、上記予備加熱を行う場合は、第4の工程における熱処理温度よりも低い温度で行う。加熱温度は、例えばFe-Cr-M系(MはAlおよびSiのうちの少なくとも一種)の場合であれは、前記軟磁性材料粉の含有元素のうちFe以外のAl、Cr等が酸化し、粒界に濃化する温度以下が好ましく、300℃以下がより好ましい。加熱温度が300℃以下であれば、Fe-Cr-M系の軟磁性材料粉とともに、それ以外の軟磁性材料粉にも適用可能となる点でも好ましい。また、加熱による強度向上効果を高めるためには加熱温度は100℃以上であることが好ましい。加熱の保持時間は、短すぎると成形体強度増加の効果が少なく、必要以上に長いと生産性が低下するため、例えば10分以上、4時間以下であることが好ましい。より好ましくは30分以上、3時間以下である。予備加熱時の雰囲気は酸化性雰囲気には限定されない。工程が簡易になることから雰囲気としては大気中が好ましい。
上記予備加熱工程を経ることによって、第3の工程に供する成形体の強度を15MPa超とすることができる。
前記圧粉磁心は、その断面観察像において軟磁性材料粉の各粒子の最大径の平均が15μm以下であることが好ましく、8μm以下がより好ましい。圧粉磁心を構成する軟磁性材料粉が細かいことで、特に高周波特性が改善される。一方、透磁率の低下を抑える観点からは最大径の平均は0.5μm以上であることがより好ましい。最大径の平均は、圧粉磁心の断面を研磨して顕微鏡観察し、一定の面積の視野内に存在する粒子について最大径を読み取り、その個数平均を取って算出すればよい。このとき、30個以上の粒子についての平均をとることが好ましい。成形後の軟磁性材料粉は塑性変形しているものの、断面観察ではほとんどの粒子が中心以外の部分の断面で露出するため、上記最大径の平均は粉末状態で評価したメジアン径d50よりも小さい値となる。
以下のようにして、まず圧粉磁心の製造方法に用いる各種軟磁性材料粉の特性を確認した。Fe-Cr-Al系軟磁性材料粉として、質量百分率でFe-4.0%Cr-5.0%Alの合金組成(組成A)を有する球状のアトマイズ粉を準備した。また、レーザー回折散乱式粒度分布測定装置(堀場製作所製LA-920)で測定した平均粒径(メジアン径d50)は18.5μmであった。
σr=P(D-d)/(Id2)
(ここで、D:磁心の外径(mm)、d:磁心の径方向の肉厚(mm)、I:磁心の高さ(mm)である。)
さらに、一次側と二次側それぞれ巻線を15ターン巻回し、岩通計測株式会社製B-HアナライザーSY-8232により、最大磁束密度30mT、周波数300kHzの条件でコアロスPcvを測定した。また、初透磁率μiは、前記トロイダル形状の圧粉磁心に導線を30ターン巻回し、ヒューレット・パッカード社製4284Aにより、周波数100kHzで測定した。
Fe-Cr-M系の軟磁性材料粉No1および2の圧粉磁心はいずれもCrを含むものの、MとしてAlを含まない場合はCrが軟磁性材料粉の粒界に濃化し、MとしてAlを含む場合はCrよりもAlの方が顕著に粒界に濃化することがわかった。
なお、No4および5の圧粉磁心について、走査電子顕微鏡(SEM/EDX)を用いて圧粉磁心の断面観察を行ったところ、No1の圧粉磁心と同様に、軟磁性材料粉の粒界には酸素が多く、酸化物が形成されていること、および各軟磁性材料粉同士がかかる酸化物を介して結合している様子が確認された(図5、図6)。また、軟磁性材料粉粒界では内部に比べてFeの濃度が低く、Crは大きな濃度分布を示していない点、Alは軟磁性材料粉粒界での濃度が顕著に高くなっている点も確認された。
以下、第1~第4の工程を有する本発明の実施例について説明する。No1と同様の組成(組成A)およびNo4と同様の組成(組成D)の軟磁性材料粉を用いて以下のようにしてドラム形状の圧粉磁心を作製した(それぞれ、No6、No7)。軟磁性材料粉100重量部に対して、バインダとしてPVA(株式会社クラレ製ポバールPVA-205;固形分10%)を2.5重量部の割合で混合した(第1の工程)。得られた混合物を120℃で1時間乾燥した後、篩に通して造粒粉を得て、その平均粒径(d50)を60~80μmの範囲内とした。また、造粒粉100重量部に対して、ステアリン酸亜鉛を0.4重量部添加し、混合して、加圧成形に供する混合物を得た。得られた混合物を、プレス機を使用して0.74GPaの成形圧で室温にて加圧成形し、円柱状の成形体を得た(第2の工程)。得られた成形体の寸法はφ10.2×7.5mmである。また、成形体で評価した占積率はNo6の圧粉磁心が84.0%、No7の圧粉磁心が82.3%であった。
上記のようにして得られた成形体に、大気中、750℃の熱処理温度で1.0時間熱処理を施し(第4の工程)、圧粉磁心を得た。
No1と同様の組成(組成A)の軟磁性材料粉を用いて以下のようにしてドラム形状の圧粉磁心を作製した。軟磁性材料粉100重量部に対して、バインダとしてPVA(株式会社クラレ製ポバールPVA-205;固形分10%)を10.0重量部の割合で添加し、溶媒としてイオン交換水を投入し、混合してスラリーとした。スラリー濃度は80質量%である。スラリーをスプレードライヤにより装置内部で噴霧し、240℃に温度調整された熱風でスラリーを瞬時に乾燥させて、粒状になった顆粒を回収した(第1の工程)。得られた混合物を120℃で1時間乾燥した後、篩に通して造粒粉を得て、その平均粒径(d50)を60~80μmの範囲内とした。また、造粒粉100重量部に対して、ステアリン酸亜鉛を0.4重量部添加し、混合して、加圧成形に供する混合物を得た。得られた混合物を、プレス機を使用して0.74GPaの成形圧で室温にて加圧成形し、円柱状の成形体を得た(第2の工程)。得られた成形体の寸法はφ10.2×7.5mmである。また、成形体で評価した占積率は82.5%であった。
<強度の予備評価>
No1と同様の組成(組成A)の軟磁性材料粉を用いて以下のようにしてドラム形状の圧粉磁心を作製した。軟磁性材料粉100重量部に対して、バインダとしてPVA(株式会社クラレ製ポバールPVA-205;固形分10%)を10.0重量部の割合で添加し、溶媒としてイオン交換水を投入し、混合してスラリーとした。スラリー濃度は80質量%である。スラリーをスプレードライヤにより装置内部で噴霧し、240℃に温度調整された熱風でスラリーを瞬時に乾燥させて、粒状になった顆粒を回収した(第1の工程)。得られた混合物を120℃で1時間乾燥した後、篩に通して造粒粉を得て、その平均粒径(d50)を60~80μmの範囲内とした。また、造粒粉100重量部に対して、ステアリン酸亜鉛を0.4重量部添加し、混合した。得られた混合粉を、プレス機を使用して0.74GPaの成形圧で室温にて加圧成形し、円柱状の成形体を得た(第2の工程)。得られた成形体の寸法は内径φ7.8mm、外径φ13.5mm、厚み4.3mmのトロイダル形状である。得られた成形体の占積率は81.3%であった。表4に示す150~900℃の温度で保持時間を2時間とした予備加熱処理を行った後、上述のNo1~5の圧粉磁心と同様にして強度の評価を行った。
図10に示す結果から予備加熱温度を200℃に設定して、ドラム形状の圧粉磁心を作製した。上述の成形体強度の予備評価を行った原料粉末を用いた。プレス機を使用して0.74GPaの成形圧で室温にて加圧成形し、円柱状の成形体を得た(第2の工程)。得られた成形体の寸法はφ4×1mmである。得られた成形体の占積率は81.5%であった。予備加熱工程として200℃で2時間保持したのち、刃幅0.35mmのダイヤモンドホイールで芯径(導線巻回部の直径)が1.75mmになるように研削加工して(第3の工程)、ドラム形状の圧粉磁心を作製した。また、比較のために予備加熱工程を経ない製造方法でドラム形状の圧粉磁心を作製した。第4の工程における熱処理は、上述のNo6等と同様の条件で行った。得られた圧粉磁心の軟磁性材料粉の表面に該軟磁性材料粉の含有元素を含む酸化物層が形成されており、該酸化物層は内部の合金相よりもFe、CrおよびSiの和に対するCrの比率が高い酸化物層であった。また、導線巻回部の表面にも同様の酸化物層が形成されていた。
予備加熱工程を経ない製造方法で作製した圧粉磁心は、鍔部と芯部(導線巻回部)との境界部分にクラックが発生したり、鍔外周部にチッピングや欠けが発生したが、予備加熱工程を実施した圧粉磁心はクラック、チッピングや欠けは発生しなかった。すなわち、両端側の鍔部の直径(最大寸法)が軸方向の寸法の二倍以上の、偏平性の高いドラム形状の圧粉磁心においても、欠陥のない高品質を実現することができた。
7:導線巻回部 8:鍔部 9:電極 10:電極
Claims (10)
- 金属系の軟磁性材料粉を用いた圧粉磁心の製造方法であって、
軟磁性材料粉とバインダを混合する第1の工程と、
前記第1の工程を経て得られた混合物を加圧成形する第2の工程と、
前記第2の工程を経て得られた成形体に研削加工および切削加工の少なくとも一方を施す第3の工程と、
前記第3の工程を経た成形体を熱処理する第4の工程とを有し、
前記第4の工程において前記成形体を熱処理することによって、前記軟磁性材料粉の表面に、該軟磁性材料粉の含有元素を含む酸化物層を形成することを特徴とする圧粉磁心の製造方法。 - 前記第1の工程が、前記軟磁性材料粉とバインダとを含むスラリーを噴霧乾燥する工程を有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の圧粉磁心の製造方法。
- 前記軟磁性材料粉がFe-Cr-Al系の軟磁性材料粉であることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の圧粉磁心の製造方法。
- 前記第2の工程と前記第3の工程との間に、前記成形体を前記第4の工程における熱処理温度よりも低い温度に加熱する予備加熱工程を有することを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の圧粉磁心の製造方法。
- 前記第3の工程に供する前記成形体の占積率が78~90%であることを特徴とする請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の圧粉磁心の製造方法。
- 前記研削加工および切削加工の少なくとも一方を、少なくとも圧粉磁心の導線巻回部に施すことを特徴とする請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の圧粉磁心の製造方法。
- 前記圧粉磁心の形状が、前記導線巻回部の両端側に鍔部を有するドラム形状であることを特徴とする請求項6に記載の圧粉磁心の製造方法。
- 金属系の軟磁性材料粉を用いて構成された圧粉磁心であって、
導線巻回部と、前記導線巻回部の両端側に鍔部を有するドラム形状であり、
前記金属系の軟磁性材料粉は、該軟磁性材料粉の含有元素を含む酸化物層を介して結合されており、
前記導線巻回部表面は加工面であるとともに、前記軟磁性材料粉の含有元素を含む酸化物層を有することを特徴とする圧粉磁心。 - 前記ドラム形状において、軸方向の寸法よりも、両端側の鍔部の少なくとも一方の最大寸法の方が大きいことを特徴とする請求項8に記載の圧粉磁心。
- 前記軟磁性材料粉がFe-Cr-Al系の軟磁性材料粉であることを特徴とする請求項8または9に記載の圧粉磁心。
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EP3118868B1 (en) | 2020-10-07 |
US11508512B2 (en) | 2022-11-22 |
EP3118868A4 (en) | 2017-11-29 |
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US11636970B2 (en) | 2023-04-25 |
CN110021476A (zh) | 2019-07-16 |
US20190355503A1 (en) | 2019-11-21 |
EP3591677A1 (en) | 2020-01-08 |
CN110021477A (zh) | 2019-07-16 |
KR20160132937A (ko) | 2016-11-21 |
CN110021476B (zh) | 2021-10-22 |
CN106104727A (zh) | 2016-11-09 |
CN106104727B (zh) | 2019-03-29 |
KR102195952B1 (ko) | 2020-12-28 |
US20190355504A1 (en) | 2019-11-21 |
JPWO2015137452A1 (ja) | 2017-04-06 |
EP3118868A1 (en) | 2017-01-18 |
CN110021477B (zh) | 2021-08-31 |
JP5915920B1 (ja) | 2016-05-11 |
JP2016129230A (ja) | 2016-07-14 |
JP5892356B2 (ja) | 2016-03-23 |
US10354790B2 (en) | 2019-07-16 |
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