WO2015027769A1 - 一种新颖的增强静电纺纳米纤维膜、其生产方法以及用于该方法的设备 - Google Patents

一种新颖的增强静电纺纳米纤维膜、其生产方法以及用于该方法的设备 Download PDF

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WO2015027769A1
WO2015027769A1 PCT/CN2014/082262 CN2014082262W WO2015027769A1 WO 2015027769 A1 WO2015027769 A1 WO 2015027769A1 CN 2014082262 W CN2014082262 W CN 2014082262W WO 2015027769 A1 WO2015027769 A1 WO 2015027769A1
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Prior art keywords
electrospinning
spinneret
spinning
polymer
electrospun
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PCT/CN2014/082262
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘延波
漆东岳
马营
陈威亚
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天津工业大学
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Priority to EP14841064.0A priority Critical patent/EP3040462B1/en
Publication of WO2015027769A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015027769A1/zh

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    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/70Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres
    • D04H1/72Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being randomly arranged
    • D04H1/728Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being randomly arranged by electro-spinning
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01DMECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/0007Electro-spinning
    • D01D5/0061Electro-spinning characterised by the electro-spinning apparatus
    • D01D5/0069Electro-spinning characterised by the electro-spinning apparatus characterised by the spinning section, e.g. capillary tube, protrusion or pin
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01DMECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/0007Electro-spinning
    • D01D5/0015Electro-spinning characterised by the initial state of the material
    • D01D5/003Electro-spinning characterised by the initial state of the material the material being a polymer solution or dispersion

Definitions

  • Novel enhanced electrospun nanofiber membrane production method thereof and apparatus therefor
  • the invention relates to the field of electrospun nanofiber membranes, in particular to a novel reinforced electrospun nanofiber membrane, a production method thereof and a device therefor, in particular to a mixed electrospinning by mixing a low melting point thermoplastic polymer.
  • the hot rolling treatment is then carried out to achieve a point bond enhancement between the nanofibers to produce an electrospun nanofiber membrane and a novel electrospun nanofiber membrane obtained by the method.
  • Electrospinning technology is a technology for producing nanofiber materials by using electrostatic field force. In recent years, it has been extensively and deeply studied at home and abroad.
  • the nanofiber nonwoven fabric/film (electrospun membrane) prepared by electrospinning technology has many excellent properties, such as strong selection of polymer raw materials, and solution and/or melt electrospinning for different raw material types;
  • the membrane has high porosity, uniform pore size and uniform distribution, adjustable fiber fineness, controllable film thickness, isotropy, high filtration efficiency and strong barrier property. Therefore, it is used in industrial filtration, lithium battery separator and multi-function membrane. , biomedical and other fields have been widely and intensive applied research.
  • Electrospun nanofibers have smaller diameters and lower crystallinity, and the fibers themselves are less powerful; (2) Electrospun nanofibers are on the receiving device. Arranged in a stacked state, the fibers are not interspersed, cohesive or entangled, and the cohesive force and adhesion are small. When the external force is applied, the interfiber slip is easy to occur, resulting in low fracture strength.
  • electrospun nanofiber membranes severely limits the application and expansion of industrial applications. Therefore, people began to study the enhancement of electrospun membranes, but the results were minimal.
  • the electrospun film belongs to a kind of nonwoven fabric, due to its nanofiber characteristics and microporous properties, if a conventional nonwoven fabric is used, such as ordinary ES hot melt fiber or hot melt powder, hot melt adhesive, etc.
  • the film is subjected to hot-melt bonding and hot-rolling bonding treatment, and the reinforcing effect is not satisfactory, but the pores are clogged and the porous and microporous properties of the electrospun membrane are lost.
  • the process window is too narrow and the temperature is difficult to control: the temperature is too high, the fiber is completely melted to block the micropores, and the electrospun film characteristics are lost; the temperature is too low
  • the polymer nanofibers are not sufficiently melted, the bonding is not ideal, and the strength is low. If ordinary foam bonding is used In the nonwoven fixing method, since the size of the binder particles exceeds the diameter of the nanofibers, the chance of forming the fiber point bonding is not large, and the electrospun membrane after the foam bonding loses its porous property, and the process is cumbersome. It is not easy to control.
  • the prior art mainly adopts the following methods: (1) directly performing hot rolling or hot melt bonding on a one-component thermoplastic polymer electrospun film, the former being a one-component thermoplastic polymer
  • the tensile breaking strength of electrospun film is increased by 3 to 4 times (Ji Dongyue, Tianjin University of Technology Textiles Master's Thesis, 2013), the latter can increase the tensile rupture strength of PVDF electrospun film by about 2 times (Gao Kun , Ph.D.
  • the invention proposes a mixed electrospinning hot rolling bonding method different from the existing non-woven fabric bonding technology, and applies it to the electrospinning nanofiber membrane reinforcement of all thermoplastic polymers to obtain an ideal point sticking.
  • the structure greatly improves the strength of the electrospun nanofiber membrane without significantly affecting the porosity and microporosity of the electrospun membrane, and can expand the application field of the electrospun membrane and accelerate the industrial production and application process of the nanofiber.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a spinning needle (spinning hole, spinning) which uses a plurality of (two or more) polymers respectively from phase to phase, staggered or cross-distributed. Holes, Nozzles, Spinning Heads, Nozzles) After electrospinning, several nanofibers obtained are uniformly distributed and mixed on a receiving device, and then subjected to hot-rolling bonding by electrospinning.
  • the plurality of polymers include thermoplastic polymers, non-thermoplastic polymers or a combination of the two, but at least one lower melting point (depending on the end product use, the range of lower melting points is also different, as long as it is co-existing with others)
  • the thermoplastic polymer has a melting point of 20 ° C or more, and the various polymers have good chemical stability. After the electrospinning, the hot rolling is performed, and the hot rolling temperature is slightly higher.
  • the technical content of the invention meets the national environmental protection requirements, and the process is simple, the operation is convenient, and the industrialization is easy to implement.
  • the technical solution of the present invention to solve the technical problem of the production method is: designing a method for reinforcing a nanofiber nonwoven fabric (electrospun film), the method comprising the following process steps:
  • thermoplastic polymers having a melting point difference of 20 ° C or more or a plurality of polymers containing a lower melting thermoplastic polymer are respectively dissolved in respective good solvents Stir well and let stand for a period of time to form several spinning solutions for use;
  • Mixed electrospinning The prepared polymer spinning solutions are fed into their respective spinning systems according to a certain jet mixing arrangement, reaching the same spinning plate at the same receiving distance, spinning Mixed electrospinning under wire voltage and spinning environment;
  • the technical solution for solving the production technical problem of the present invention is: designing a spinning jet arrangement structure of a nanofiber nonwoven fabric, and the spinning jet array structure is suitable for the production method of the nanofiber nonwoven fabric according to the present invention, That is, the spinning jet relates to a multi-jet (multi-needle, multi-spinning, multi-nozzle, multi-spinning) electrospinning technique.
  • the spinning plate has a special structural design, and the spinning jet on the spinning plate exhibits a cross-mixing arrangement state.
  • the arrangement of the needles or the orifices on the spinneret may be linear or circular or elliptical.
  • the present invention is a method for producing a reinforced electrospun film by cross-mixing electrospinning and hot rolling treatment of several different polymers, wherein at least one polymer is a lower melting thermoplastic polymerization.
  • the production method of the invention realizes the point bonding enhancement between the electrospun nanofibers under the premise of retaining the original excellent characteristics of the electrospun nanofibers, and improves the overall mechanical properties of the electrospun nanofiber membrane.
  • the application field of the electrospun nanofiber membrane is expanded; the production device is simple in manufacture, convenient in operation, can meet the requirements of low carbon production, has low implementation cost, and is easy to be industrialized.
  • Hot rolling can be achieved by using existing hot rolling bonding technology and equipment to achieve continuous production.
  • the invention provides a preparation method for enhancing an electrospun nanofiber membrane, comprising the following steps:
  • the hot rolling adhesion is higher than the melting point of the lowest melting polymer of the two or more polymers and lower than the lower melting point of the two or more polymers
  • the melting point of the polymer is preferably higher than the melting point of the lowest melting polymer of the two or more polymers by 2 to 10 °C.
  • the polymer comprises polystyrene (PS), polysulfone (PSF), polyethersulfone (PES), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyvinylidene fluoride-perfluoropropene (PVDF-HFP).
  • PVDF_CTFE polyvinylidene fluoride-chlorotrifluoroethylene
  • PAN poly Acrylonitrile
  • PA polyamide
  • PA polyvinyl carbazole
  • CA cellulose acetate
  • PAA polyaniline
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • PBT polybutylene terephthalate
  • PTT polytrimethylene terephthalate
  • PTI polyimide
  • PU polyurethane
  • P ⁇ A polymethyl methacrylate
  • PVA polyvinyl alcohol
  • PC polycarbonate
  • PEI polyethyleneimine
  • PEEK polyetheretherketone
  • aliphatic amide polyvinyl acetate
  • PVAc polyoxymethylene
  • P0M poly Vinyl chloride
  • PVC nylon-6
  • PA_66 nylon-66
  • PA_66 polytrifluoroethylene
  • PA_66 polytrifluoroethylene
  • PA_66 polychlorotrifluoroethylene
  • polyvinyl fluoride polylactic acid
  • thermoplastic polymer comprises polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyethylene terephthalate. (PET), polyamide 6 (PA6) or polyamide 6,6 (PA6,6), polybutylene succinate (PBS), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polyimide (PI), poly Vinyl alcohol modified thermoplastic starch, thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), or polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polystyrene (PS), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) which must be formed into a spinning solution by melting.
  • PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate.
  • PA6 polyamide 6
  • PA6,6 polybutylene succinate
  • PAN polyacrylonitrile
  • PI polyimide
  • PP poly Vinyl alcohol modified thermoplastic starch
  • TPU thermoplastic polyurethane
  • PP polypropylene
  • PE polyethylene
  • PS polystyrene
  • PPS polyphenylene sulfide
  • thermoplastic polymer is a thermoplastic polymer of the same type or of a different type.
  • the mixed electrospinning is an interphase mixing electrospinning, and more preferably, the interphase mixing electrospinning is a cross or staggered hybrid electrospinning. More preferably, the mixed electrospinning electrospinning jet moves along the receiving device. The directions are arranged one behind the other or along the left and right of the product width direction.
  • the mixed electrospinning electrospinning jet is completed by a blended electrospinning plate or a spinning head or a spinneret or a spinneret, more preferably, the blended electrospun plate or Multi-needle, multi-spinning or multi-nozzle on the spinneret or spinneret or spinneret arranged in a right or left phase or in a crosswise direction, or a needleless electrospinning head, a spinneret or a spinning die Staggered.
  • the multi-needle, multi-spindle or multi-nozzle on the blended electrospinning plate or spinneret or spinneret or spinneret are fed into different polymer spinning solutions in a seeing, staggered or cross-over manner. .
  • the needleless electrospinning head, the spinneret or the spinning die comprises a metal rotary roller type, a wire type, a spiral type, a sawtooth type, a centrifugal type, a bubble type needleless electrospinning head, and a spray Silk or spinning die.
  • the hot rolling adhesion time is from 1 to 10 min.
  • the pressure of the hot rolling adhesion is from 1 to 20 MPa.
  • the present invention also provides an electrospun nanofiber membrane having a tensile breaking strength of at least 17.8 MPa, preferably greater than 26.8 MPa.
  • the electrospun nanofiber membrane provided by the invention has various uses and can be used in various technical fields, for example, can be used for biomedicine, energy chemical, gas liquid filtration, waterproof and windproof, windproof and warmth, perspective ventilation, environmental treatment, semiconductor sensor And so on.
  • the electrospun nanofiber membrane provided by the invention can be used as a lithium ion battery separator, can also be used as an air filter material, and can also be used to prepare a waterproof and moisture permeable breathable fabric.
  • the method provided by the invention respectively electrospins the high melting point polymer and the low melting point polymer, and the obtained polymer film is composited and then hot rolled to obtain an electrospun nanofiber film.
  • the preparation method provided by the invention has high production efficiency and energy consumption. Low, suitable Combined with large-scale industrial production.
  • the present invention further provides a hybrid electrospinning apparatus comprising two or more electrospinning jet emitting devices, preferably, the emitting device is a spinning plate or a spinning head or a spinneret or a spinning wire More preferably, the two or more electrospinning emitting devices are a mixed multi-needle linear array electrospinning device, a mixed multi-nozzle linear array electrospinning device, and a mixed multi-spinning hole linear arrangement. Electrospinning device, hybrid multi-nozzle linear array electrospinning device, hybrid multi-needle circular array electrospinning device or hybrid roller needleless electrospinning device.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a spinning needle arrangement manner of two polymer mixed multi-needle linear array type electrospinning devices according to an embodiment of the method for producing an electrospun nanofiber membrane of the present invention.
  • 10 spinning plate
  • 20 low (high) melting point thermoplastic polymer
  • 30 high (low) melting point thermoplastic polymer
  • FIG. 2 is another embodiment of the method for producing the reinforced electrospun nanofiber film of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the arrangement of the orifices of two polymer mixed multi-spinning linear alignment type electrospinning devices according to another embodiment of the method for producing an electrospun nanofiber membrane of the present invention.
  • 4 is a schematic view showing a nozzle arrangement manner of two polymer mixed multi-nozzle linear array electrospinning devices according to another embodiment of the method for producing an electrospun nanofiber membrane of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing the arrangement of the orifices of the two polymer mixed multi-spinning linear alignment type electrospinning devices according to another embodiment of the method for producing the reinforced electrospun nanofiber membrane of the present invention.
  • 6 is a schematic view showing the needle arrangement of two polymer mixed multi-needle circularly arranged electrospinning devices according to an embodiment of the method for producing an electrospun nanofiber membrane of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing the arrangement of needles of two polymer mixed multi-needle circularly arranged electrospinning devices according to another embodiment of the method for producing an electrospun nanofiber membrane of the present invention.
  • 10 spinning plate
  • 20 low (high) melting point Polymer component
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic view showing the arrangement of the spinning heads of the single-row two polymer mixed needleless electrospinning device in the width direction of one embodiment of the method for producing the reinforced electrospun nanofiber membrane of the present invention.
  • 10 - spinnerette 20 - low (high) melting point polymer component; 30 - high (low) melting point polymer component.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic view showing the arrangement of the multi-row two-polymer mixed needle-free electrospinning device in which the spinning heads are arranged in the direction of the production line according to another embodiment of the method for producing the reinforced electrospun nanofiber membrane of the present invention.
  • 10 - spinnerette; 20 - low (high) melting point polymer component; 30 - high (low) melting point polymer component.
  • 10 is a SEM photograph of a PAN/PVDF21216 two-polymer mixed electrospun nanofiber membrane after hot rolling treatment of an embodiment of the method for enhancing an electrospun nanofiber membrane of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a SEM photograph of a PVDF6020/PVDF21216 two-component mixed electrospun nanofiber membrane of another embodiment of the method for enhancing an electrospun nanofiber membrane of the present invention after hot rolling treatment.
  • 12 is a tensile stress-strain comparison curve of a PVDF21216 electrospun nanofiber film before and after hot rolling treatment in an embodiment of the method for enhancing an electrospun nanofiber membrane of the present invention.
  • Figure 13 is a graph showing tensile stress versus strain curves of PAN/PVDF21216 two-polymer hybrid reinforced electrospun nanofiber membrane before and after hot rolling treatment in an embodiment prepared by the present invention.
  • FIG. 14 is a tensile stress-strain curve of PAN/PVDF21216 two polymer mixed electrospinning films and PAN and PVDF21216 respectively after hot rolling treatment according to an embodiment of the method for reinforcing an electrospun nanofiber membrane of the present invention.
  • Figure 15 is a graph showing tensile stress and strain curves of PVDF6020 electrospun nanofiber film before and after hot rolling treatment in an embodiment prepared by the present invention.
  • Figure 16 is a comparison of tensile stress-strain curves of PVDF6020/21216 mixed polymer reinforced electrospun nanofiber membranes before and after hot rolling treatment in an embodiment prepared according to the present invention.
  • 17 is a tensile stress strain of a PVDF6020/21216 two-polymer hybrid reinforced electrospun nanofiber membrane and a single-component PVDF6020 and PVDF21216 after hot rolling, respectively, according to another embodiment of the method for enhancing an electrospun nanofiber membrane of the present invention. curve.
  • Production method of enhanced electrospun nanofiber nonwoven fabric (electrospun membrane) designed by the invention (referred to as production method, See Figure 1 17) Mainly including the following process steps:
  • Preparation of a polymer spinning solution respectively, a plurality of (two or more) different polymers and a good solvent thereof are stirred and mixed uniformly in a mixer at an appropriate mass percentage concentration, and after standing for 1 to 2 hours, two are formed. Species or more than two spinning solutions are used.
  • Phase-mixing electrospinning The various polymer spinning solutions prepared above were separately fed into respective spinning systems, and cross-mixed electrospinning was carried out at the same receiving distance, spinning voltage and spinning environment.
  • the spinning jets of these polymers are arranged on the same spinneret.
  • the spinning jets can come from different spinning needles of different needles, multi-spinning electrospinning devices of multi-needle electrospinning devices or Different spinning heads of needleless electrospinning devices; a variety of polymer spinning jets are arranged one behind the other along the direction of motion of the fiber receiver. After forming the web, the electrospun fibers of various polymers are randomly placed in the web. Staggered arrangement.
  • Hot-rolling bonding After the interphase mixing electrospinning, the two polymer-blended nonwoven films formed are hot-rolled at a certain temperature, pressure and time, and the temperature is slightly higher than the lower melting polymer.
  • the melting point (2 ⁇ 10 ° C).
  • the temperature difference between the upper and lower rolls/platens is 2 to 10 ° C
  • the hot rolling time is 1 to 10 minutes
  • the hot rolling pressure is 1 to 20 MPa.
  • the low melting point thermoplastic polymer partially melts during hot rolling, and the melting occurs only at the intersections between the fibers, and does not block the original gaps and pores of the electrospun nanofiber membrane.
  • the thermoplastic polymer refers to a polymer material which can be dissolved in a good solvent for electrospinning (including solution electrospinning and melt electrospinning), such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyamide 6 (PA6) or polyamide 6,6 (PA6,6), polybutylene succinate (PBS), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), Polyimide (PI), polyvinyl alcohol modified thermoplastic starch, thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), or polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polystyrene (PS) which must form a spinning solution by melting , Polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) and other thermoplastic polymers that are not easily soluble in organic solvents.
  • PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
  • PET Polyethylene terephthalate
  • PA6 polyamide 6
  • PBS polybutylene succinate
  • PAN polyacrylonitrile
  • PI polyimide
  • PP
  • the good solvent of the thermoplastic polymer refers to a solvent having a strong solubility to a polymer solute, including water, ethanol, chloroform, acetone, hydrazine, dimethyl dimethylformamide (DMF), An organic solvent such as dimethylacetamide (DMAc) or formic acid.
  • thermoplastic polymer when the thermoplastic polymer is selected from polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), then DMF is a good solvent; when the thermoplastic polymer is selected from polyethylene terephthalate (PET), trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and A mixed system of dichloromethane (DCM) (mass ratio in the range of 5:1 to 3:1) is a good solvent; when the thermoplastic polymer is selected from polyamide 6 (PA6) or polyamide 6,6 (PA66), it is good.
  • PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • TSA trifluoroacetic acid
  • DCM A mixed system of dichloromethane
  • the solvent is a formic acid solution with a mass percentage concentration of 10% to 15%; a mixed system of trichloromethane (chloroform) and isopropyl alcohol (IPA) when the thermoplastic polymer is selected from polybutylene succinate (PBS).
  • chloroform trichloromethane
  • IPA isopropyl alcohol
  • the ratio is 6: 3 ⁇ 8: 3) is its good solvent; when the thermoplastic polymer is made of polyacrylonitrile (PAN), hydrazine, hydrazine dimethylformamide (DMF) is its good solvent.
  • the appropriate mass percentage concentration refers to a mass percentage concentration of the polymer solution which can be stably and stably spun under the action of a high-voltage electric field without a large amount of bead filaments, mainly with polymer polymerization.
  • the type of material, the molecular weight, the good solvent used, and the structural properties of the product are particularly important.
  • the interphase mixing electrospinning means that a plurality of (several) kinds of polymer spinning jets are arranged in a mixed (crossover, staggered) manner on the same spinning plate, and the spinning jet can be derived from a plurality of spinning jets.
  • multi-spinning holes for needle electrospinning devices/equipment
  • Different spinning nozzles for electrospinning devices/devices or different spinning heads for needleless electrospinning devices/equipment
  • the electrospinning jets are crossed (interlaced) in the direction of movement of the fiber receiver, or arranged side by side in the product width direction; after the web formation, the electrospun nanofibers of various polymers are in the web. Random crisscross distribution.
  • a multi-needle (multi-spinning, multi-nozzle) electrospinning device/device the needles of the same row are fed into the various polymer spinning solutions described above in a regular manner, and the needles of different rows are interlaced ( Cross) Feed two different spinning solutions.
  • needleless electrospinning devices/equipment eg Czech nano-spider electrospinning equipment
  • different spinning (spray) filaments are fed into different spinning solutions, while the spinning (spraying) filaments are arranged side to side or before and after Interlaced (crossed) arrangement.
  • the hot rolling temperature is slightly higher than the melting point of the lower melting polymer 2 to 10 ° C, and the temperature difference between the upper and lower rolls/plates is 2 to 10 ° C; the hot rolling time is l ⁇ 10min, the hot rolling pressure is l ⁇ 20MPa.
  • the low melting point polymer partially melts during the hot rolling process, and the melting occurs only at the intersections between the fibers, and does not block the original gaps and pores of the electrospun nanofiber membrane.
  • the hot rolling bonding technique employs well known equipment/devices.
  • the different polymers selected for the hybrid electrospinning may be two polymers having a melting point of 20 ° C or more; the same polymer, but the melting point differs by 20 ° C or more; may also be a mixture of three or more polymers for electrospinning, as long as it contains a lower melting point thermoplastic polymer, the other polymer of the electrospinning may be thermoplastic or non-thermoplastic, or A combination of a thermoplastic polymer and a non-thermoplastic polymer.
  • PVDF/PAN hybrid electrospinning PVDF6020/PVDF21216 hybrid electrospinning, PVDF/PAN/PET hybrid electrospinning, PVDF/silk fibroin mixed electrospinning, PVDF/cellulose hybrid electrospinning, PVDF/PLA, PVDF/PVA, PVDF/PVP PVDF/PA electrospinning, PVDF/PET electrospinning, PVDF/PS electrospinning, PVDF/PPS hybrid electrospinning, PVDF/PP electrospinning, PVDF/PI, etc.
  • This method can greatly improve the mechanical strength (tensile strength, bursting/puncture strength, tear strength) of the nanofiber nonwoven fabric, and has a positive influence on the hydrostatic pressure resistance and wind resistance.
  • the tensile rupture strength of the electrospun nanofiber membrane of the present invention is measured by a conventional technical method in the art, that is, the tensile rupture strength test method specified in GB13022-91 (sample size is 20 mmX 150 mm, and the inter-pitch spacing is 50 mm). , tensile rate 10 mm / min).
  • the invention also designs the reinforced nanofiber nonwoven fabric.
  • Fabricated spinneret / spinneret / spinneret (see Figure 19).
  • the arrangement of the needles or nozzles/spinning holes on the spinneret/spinning head/spinner head follows the aforementioned interphase/crossover/interlacing rules.
  • the aforementioned cross-mix electrospinning can be achieved by transverse phase-to-phase (single row multi-nozzle) or longitudinally staggered side-by-side (multiple rows of multiple nozzles) of the spinneret/die. Where not mentioned, conventionally known techniques are employed.
  • PVDF and PVDF-HFP purchased from Solvay (Solvay 6020, Solvay 21216);
  • PAN polyacrylonitrile: purchased from Mitsui Chemicals, Japan (Mitsui Chemical 1010);
  • PVA polyvinyl alcohol
  • DMF dimethylformamide
  • chloroform chloroform
  • isopropanol IPA
  • acetone purity 99.5% CaCl 2
  • C 2 3 ⁇ 4 OH sodium carbonate
  • PEG-20000 average molecular weight
  • the quality is 18500-22000: purchased from Tianjin Komiou Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd., analytically pure;
  • Dialysis bag The specification is 3500 Daltons, purchased from Beijing Puboxin Biotechnology Co., Ltd.;
  • thermostatic heating magnetic stirrer purchased from Gongyi City Yinghao Yuhua Instrument Factory, model DF-101S;
  • Magnetic stirrer purchased from Gongyi City Yinghao Yuhua Instrument Factory, model DF-101S;
  • Electrospinning device Made or assembled by the Nanofiber Research Laboratory of Tianjin Polytechnic University, mainly including feeding system, high voltage power supply, metal roller, traverse mechanism, spinning plate, stainless steel dispensing needle, etc.
  • the medical syringe pump is used as a liquid feeding device
  • the melt electrospinning uses a screw extruder as a liquid feeding device.
  • Hot Rolling Mill Purchased from: Model: Double Roll Heat Transfer Oil Pressing Machine; Taicang Wanlong Nonwoven Fabric Engineering Co., Ltd.; Film Thickness Gauge: Jinan Languang Electromechanical Technology Co., Ltd., Model CHY-C2;
  • SEM Sccanning Electron Microscope
  • Universal strength testing machine purchased from Instron, USA, model Instron3369;
  • Example 1 The PVDF model 21216 produced by PAN and Solvay is used as the two polymers for hybrid electrospinning.
  • PAN as a high melting point component can maintain thermal stability under 220 conditions, and the nanofiber film obtained by electrospinning has a large tensile modulus after hot rolling, but the elongation at break and the breaking strength are low (see Figure 14);
  • PVDF21216 as a thermoplastic low melting polymer component having a melting point of 135 degrees and an initial melting temperature of 110 °C.
  • the fiber membrane obtained by the one-component electrospinning has a small tensile modulus, but has a large elongation at break and a high breaking strength (see Fig. 12).
  • the prepared PAN, PVDF21216 electrospinning solution was injected into a 20 mL syringe, and a stainless steel dispensing needle with a needle inner diameter of 0.8 mm was used as a spinning head, and a PAN, PVDF21216 spinning jet was spun on the spinning plate of the electrospinning device.
  • PAN is a high melting point component
  • PVDF21216 is a low melting point component
  • voltage is applied to the dispensing needle
  • all needles are applied with a voltage of 35kV
  • a 15cm diameter surface is attached to the release paper.
  • the metal roller was used as a receiving device, and the receiving distance was 20 cm. Under the condition of relative humidity of 25 to 40%, electrospinning was performed for 30 min to obtain a nanofiber membrane in which two polymer fibers were randomly and randomly distributed.
  • the spun composite nanofiber membrane is sandwiched between two layers of double-sided release paper and sent to a hot rolling mill; the hot rolling pressure is set to 3 MPa, and the upper and lower indenters are respectively at a temperature of 113 ° C and 110 ° C, preheating After 30 minutes, after the temperature stabilized to the preset temperature, the electrospun nanofiber membrane sandwiched by the double-sided release paper was fed, and after 5 minutes of hot rolling, the reinforced nanofiber membrane partially melted and formed into a point bond with PAN was obtained. See Figure 10). After hot rolling, the thickness is 18.7 ⁇ , which is thinner than 40 ⁇ before hot rolling, which can meet the requirements of most application fields except biological tissue scaffolds.
  • the properties of the obtained reinforced nanofiber membranes such as air permeability, porosity and tensile strength were tested.
  • the results show that the air permeability and porosity of the PAN/PVDF21216 composite reinforced electrospun nanofiber membrane are still extremely high, about 1200 m 3 /m. 2 - kPa-h and 84.4%;
  • the tensile rupture strength of the treated PAN/PVDF21216 composite reinforced electrospun nanofiber membrane was 17.8 MPa, which was much higher than that of the single component PAN, PVDF21216 electrospun nanofiber membrane of 4 MPa and 8 MPa.
  • the elongation at break is also higher than that of PAN, which is lower than PVDF21216, and the modulus is greatly improved. While retaining the advantages of PAN and PVDF21216, it overcomes the disadvantage of low strength of single-component film. Although the strength of the single-component PVDF21216 electrospun nanofiber film is increased after hot rolling, the increase ratio of 128% (see Figure 13) is much lower than that of PAN/PVDF21216 composite reinforced electrospun nanofiber film (908%). Referring to FIG. 14), the composite combination method of cross-mixing electrospinning_hot rolling treatment proposed by the present invention realizes effective point bonding of nanofibers. (See Fig. 10), the strength of the electrospun nanofiber membrane can be greatly improved. At the same time, the original advantages of the electrospun nanofiber membrane are retained.
  • PVDF thermoplastic polymers of Models 6020 and 21216, manufactured by Solvay are used as the two components of solution electrospinning.
  • PVDF6020 has a melting point of 175 °C.
  • the fiber membrane obtained by electrospinning has high breaking strength and moderate elongation at break.
  • PVDF21216 is a low melting point component with a melting point of 135 ° C and an initial melting temperature of 106 °. C, the fiber film obtained by electrospinning has a small tensile modulus, but has a large elongation at break (see Figs. 12 and 15).
  • the PVDF and the solvent were weighed and dissolved by magnetic stirring at 45 ° C until a transparent mixed solution was formed, and the mixture was cooled to room temperature to obtain a PVDF 6020 and PVDF21216 electrospinning solution.
  • the prepared PVDF6020 and PVDF21216 electrospinning solution was injected into a 20 mL syringe, and a stainless steel dispensing needle with a needle inner diameter of 0.8 mm was used as a spinning head.
  • PVDF6020 and PVDF21216 The spinning jet arrangement of PVDF6020 and PVDF21216 is shown in Figures 3 and 4, wherein PVDF6020 is a high melting point component, PVDF21216 is a hot melt low melting point component, voltage is applied to the dispensing needle, all needles are applied with a voltage of 35kV, and a 15mm diameter metal roller with a release paper on the surface is used for receiving.
  • the device was subjected to electrospinning for 30 min under a condition of a relative humidity of 25 to 40% to obtain a nanofiber membrane in which two polymer fibers were randomly interlaced.
  • the spun composite nanofiber membrane was sandwiched by two layers of double-sided release paper, and the hot rolling pressure was set to 3 MPa, and the temperature of the upper and lower indenters was 110 ° C and 107 ° C, respectively, and preheated for 30 min, until the temperature was stable. After the preset temperature, the electrospun nanofiber membrane sandwiched by the double-sided release paper was fed, and after 5 minutes of hot rolling, a nanofiber membrane in which PVDF21216 was partially melted and a point bond enhancement with PVDF6020 was formed (see FIG. 11). After the hot rolling adhesion treatment, the film was tested to have a thickness of 21.3 ⁇ m, which was thinner than 46 ⁇ m before hot rolling.
  • the elongation at break is also lower than that of PVDF21216 and PVDF6020.
  • proportion 414% (see Figure 15) is well below the PVDF6020/2121 hybrid reinforced electrospun nanofiber membrane (see Figure 16), which illustrates the cross-mixing-spinning-hot rolling process proposed by the present invention. Adhesion of adjacent nanofibers at the intersection of the effective points (Fig. 11) can greatly increase the strength of the electrospun nanofiber membrane.
  • Example 3 A PVDF thermoplastic polymer of the type 6020 and 21216 produced by Solvay of the United States was used as the two components of the melt electrospinning mixed spinning.
  • PVDF6020 As a high melting point component, PVDF6020 has a melting point of 175 °C.
  • the fiber membrane obtained by electrospinning has high breaking strength and moderate elongation at break.
  • PVDF21216 is a low melting point component with a melting point of 135 ° C and an initial melting temperature of 106 °. C, the fiber film obtained by electrospinning has a small tensile modulus, but has a large elongation at break.
  • PVDF6020 and Q PVDF21216 are pre-baked at 80 °C for 2 hours to obtain PVDF6020 and
  • the dried PVDF6020 and PVDF21216 polymers are respectively fed into the feeding hoppers of different screw extruders, and the feeding zone, the compression zone and the metering zone temperature of each screw extruder are set according to the respective melting points, so that the two PVDFs are
  • the spinning melt can be completely melted and flowed, and after being metered and filtered, respectively, it reaches the different rows of spinning holes of the same spinneret, and is melt-spun and spun. After electrospinning for 30 min, two nanofiber membranes with randomly interlaced polymer fibers were obtained.
  • the spun composite nanofiber membrane was sandwiched by two layers of double-sided release paper, and the hot rolling pressure was set to 4 MPa, and the temperature of the upper and lower indenters was 110 ° C and 105 ° C, respectively, and preheated for 30 min, until the temperature was stable. After the preset temperature, the electrospun nanofiber membrane sandwiched by the double-sided release paper was fed, and after 7 minutes of hot rolling, the PVDF21216 partially melted and formed a point-bonded enhanced nanofiber membrane with PVDF6020. After the hot rolling adhesion treatment, the film was tested to have a thickness of 30 ⁇ m, which was thinner than 50 ⁇ m before hot rolling.
  • PVDF6020/21216 composite reinforced electrospun nanofiber membrane still has a very high gas permeability and porosity of 930 m 3 /m 2 * kPa • h and 76%; treated PVDF6020/21216 composite reinforced electrospun nanofiber membrane has a tensile rupture strength of 30 MPa and elongation at break is lower than that of single-component PVDF21216 and PVDF6020, and the modulus is greatly improved.
  • the advantages of PVDF6020 PVDF21216 overcome the disadvantages of low strength of single component film.
  • the domestically produced PAN and the PVDF of Model 21216 produced by Solvay of the United States are used as two groups of hybrid electrospinning. Minute.
  • PAN as a high melting point component can maintain thermal stability under 220 conditions, and the nanofiber film obtained by electrospinning has a large tensile modulus after hot rolling, but the elongation at break and the breaking strength are low (see Figure 14);
  • PVDF21216 is a thermoplastic low melting polymer component with a melting point of 135 degrees and an initial melting temperature of 110 °C.
  • the fiber membrane obtained by the one-component electrospinning has a small tensile modulus, but has a large elongation at break and a high breaking strength (see Fig. 12).
  • the prepared PAN and PVDF21216 electrospinning solution was injected into a 20 mL syringe, and a stainless steel dispensing needle with a needle inner diameter of 0.8 mm was used as a spinning head.
  • the arrangement of the PAN and PVDF21216 spinning jets is shown in Fig.
  • PAN High melting point component
  • PVDF21216 is a low melting point component
  • voltage is applied to the dispensing needle
  • all needles are applied with a voltage of 50kV
  • a 15cm diameter metal roller with a release paper on the surface is used as the receiving device, and the receiving distance is 18cm, under the condition of relative humidity of 20 ⁇ 45%, electrospinning for 30min, to obtain two nanofiber membranes with random interlaced distribution of high polymer fibers.
  • the spun composite nanofiber membrane was sandwiched by two layers of double-sided release paper, and the hot rolling pressure was set to 6 MPa, and the temperature of the upper and lower indenters was 115 ° C and 110 ° C, respectively, and preheated for 30 min, until the temperature was stable.
  • the electrospun nanofiber membrane sandwiched by the double-sided release paper was fed, and after 6 minutes of hot rolling, a reinforced nanofiber membrane in which PVDF21216 partially melted and formed a point bond with PAN was obtained.
  • the thickness is 22 ⁇ , which is thinner than 39 ⁇ before hot rolling, which can meet the requirements of most application fields except biological scaffolds.
  • the properties of the obtained reinforced nanofiber membranes such as air permeability, porosity and tensile strength were tested.
  • the results show that the air permeability and porosity of the PAN/PVDF21216 composite reinforced electrospun nanofiber membrane are still extremely high, about 1190 m 3 /n. ⁇ kPa'h and 82.5%; the tensile strength at break of the treated PAN/PVDF21216 composite reinforced electrospun nanofiber membrane is 19.4 MPa, which is much higher than that of the single component PAN, PVDF21216 electrospun nanofiber membrane of 4 MPa and 8 MPa. Higher (see Figure 13), the elongation at break is also higher than that of PAN, which is lower than PVDF21216, and the modulus is greatly improved.
  • the composite combination method of the cross-mixing electrospinning-hot rolling treatment proposed by the invention realizes the effective point bonding of the nanofibers, and can greatly improve the strength of the electrospun nanofiber membrane while retaining the original of the electrospun nanofiber membrane.
  • advantages such as extremely high aeration, extremely high porosity and extremely small pore size.
  • the pore size will be further reduced to meet the requirements of the relevant fields for extremely small pore sizes.
  • Example 5 This embodiment relates to a preparation and hot rolling enhancement method of a PBS/(SF/PVA) hybrid electrospun film.
  • PBS spinning solution was prepared by a known technique: PBS (developed and synthesized by the School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology) was dissolved in a mixed system of chloroform (chloroform) and isopropyl alcohol (IPA) (mass ratio of 7:3).
  • chloroform chloroform
  • IPA isopropyl alcohol
  • the SF solution is prepared in a concentration of 15% by mass; the SF/PVA mixed solution is prepared by a known technique: the silk supplied by the Tianjin Institute of Health Equipment is degummed with a 0.5% sodium carbonate solution to obtain a refined silk; A ternary solvent of CaCl 2 /C 2 H 5 OH/H 2 0 (molar ratio 1: 2:8) dissolves the silk fibroin at 60 ° C, and after centrifugation and dialysis, a pure silk fibroin solution is obtained, and then concentrated.
  • the adjacent spinning holes were respectively fed with a 15% by mass PBS solution and a 25% by mass SF/PVA solution, electrospinning process.
  • the PBS and the SF/PVA jet can be arranged in a state of being arranged, and after receiving, a three-component uniformly blended nonwoven nanofiber membrane can be obtained.
  • the prepared PBS and SF/PVA spinning solution were respectively injected into a 20 mL syringe, and the inner diameter of the spinning hole was 0.8 mm.
  • the arrangement of the two spinning jets on the circular spinning plate is shown in Fig.
  • thermoplastic low melting component has a melting point of 114 ° C ;
  • SF / PVA is a non-thermoplastic polymer, all of which are biodegradable.
  • the receiving electrode was connected to a DC negative high voltage, and 20 spinning holes arranged in a circular arrangement were grounded to form a potential difference of 45 kV between each of the spinning holes and the receiving electrode.
  • a metal roller with a release paper of 15 cm in diameter was used as a receiving electrode, and the receiving distance was 18 cm. Under the condition of relative humidity of 25 to 40%, electrospinning was carried out for 30 min to obtain three kinds of high polymer nanofibers. Randomly staggered distribution of nanofiber membranes (thermoplastic/non-thermoplastic blended nanofiber membranes).
  • the obtained nanofibers have an average diameter of about 500 nm and a relatively uniform diameter distribution.
  • the spun composite nanofiber membrane was sandwiched by two layers of double-sided release paper, and the hot rolling pressure was set to 5 MPa, and the temperature of the upper and lower indenters was 108 ° C and 105 ° C, respectively, and preheated for 30 min, until the temperature was stable. After the preset temperature, the electrospun nanofiber membrane sandwiched by the double-sided release paper was fed, and after 5 minutes of hot rolling, the PBS nanofibers were partially melted and the SF/PVA nanofibers were bonded to form a blended nanofiber. Spinning film. After the hot rolling adhesion treatment, the film was tested to have a thickness of 25 ⁇ m, which was thinner than 49 ⁇ before hot rolling.
  • the hot rolling treatment not only increases the strength of the electrospun film, but also reduces/controls the thickness.
  • the properties of the mixed reinforced nanofiber membrane obtained by the test were measured, such as air permeability, porosity, and tensile strength.
  • the results show that the gas permeability and porosity of the PBS/(SF/PVA) mixed-enhanced electrospun nanofiber membrane are still extremely high, about 9950 m 3 /m 2 _kPa_h and 85%; the post-treatment hybrid enhanced electrospun nanofiber membrane is pulled.
  • the tensile strength at break is 25 MPa, and the elongation at break is 2 to 3 times higher than that of the single-component electrospun membrane.

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Abstract

一种制备增强静电纺纳米纤维膜的方法,采用含有熔点比其它组分低至少20°C的几种热塑性高聚物或低熔点热塑性聚合物与非热塑性聚合物进行相间混合静电纺丝,几种组分的电纺射流沿接收装置运动方向前后排布,纤维随机交错排布;将混纺电纺纤维膜进行热轧后处理,热压温度略高于低熔点高聚物的起始熔融温度,时间为1〜10min,压力为1〜20MPa,热压后热塑性低熔点高聚物发生部分熔融,在纳米纤维交叉处形成点粘结,不堵塞孔洞。一种静电纺丝纳米纤维膜及混合静电纺设备。

Description

一种新颖的增强静电紡纳米纤维膜、 其生产方法以及用于该方法的设备 技术领域
本发明涉及静电纺纳米纤维膜领域, 具体涉及一种新颖的增强静电纺纳米纤维膜、 其 生产方法以及用于该方法的设备, 特别涉及一种通过混有低熔点热塑性聚合物进行混和静 电纺后再进行热轧处理实现纳米纤维之间点粘合增强从而生产静电纺纳米纤维膜的方法以 及由该方法获得的新颖的静电纺纳米纤维膜。 背景技术
静电纺丝技术是一种利用静电场力生产纳米纤维材料的技术, 近年来在国内外得到了 广泛而深入的研究。 静电纺丝技术制备的纳米纤维非织造布 /膜 (电纺膜) 具有很多优良性 能, 如聚合物原料可选性强, 针对不同原料种类可进行溶液和 /或熔体静电纺; 所得电纺膜 孔隙率高、 孔径小且分布均匀, 纤维细度可调、 薄膜厚度可控, 并具有各向同性、 过滤效 率高、 隔阻性能强等优点, 因此在工业过滤、 锂电隔膜、 多功能膜、 生物医疗等领域得到 了广泛而深入的应用研究。 但是, 前述的商业化应用中, 均要求电纺膜具有一定的机械强 度, 能够耐受加工过程中的加工应力、 满足最终产品的强度要求。 而未经增强处理的普通 电纺膜的强度远远达不到工业化加工要求和终端产品要求。 导致静电纺纳米纤维膜强度较 低的原因主要有两个: (1 )静电纺纳米纤维直径较小, 且结晶度较低, 纤维自身强力较小; (2)静电纺纳米纤维在接收装置上呈堆砌态排列, 纤维间没有穿插、抱合或纠缠,抱合力、 粘附力较小, 受外力作用时容易发生纤维间滑移, 导致断裂强度偏低。
静电纺纳米纤维膜在强度上的劣势严重限制了其应用领域的拓展和工业化的应用。 因 此, 人们开始对电纺膜的增强展开了研究, 但是收效甚微。 电纺膜虽然属于一种非织造布, 但是由于其纳米纤维特性和微孔特性, 若采用传统非织造布的增强方法, 例如普通 ES热熔 纤维或热熔粉末、 热熔胶等对电纺膜进行热熔粘合、 热轧粘合处理, 增强效果并不理想, 反而会导致微孔堵塞, 失去电纺膜的多孔和微孔特性。例如, 采用 ES 热熔纤维对电纺膜进 行热熔粘合或热轧粘合时, 由于 ES热熔纤维的直径在微米数量级, 相对于纳米纤维而言尺 寸过大, 其中的 PE组分熔融后极易堵塞电纺膜的微孔, 不容易出现点粘合, 极易形成无孔 塑料膜, 丧失电纺膜的多微孔特性。 对单组分电纺膜进行热处理 (热熔或热轧粘合) 时, 工艺窗口太窄, 温度难以控制: 温度太高容易使纤维全部熔融堵塞微孔, 失去电纺膜特性; 温度太低聚合物纳米纤维不能充分熔融, 粘合不理想, 强度偏低。 若采用普通的泡沫粘合 非织造固网方法, 由于粘合剂粒子的尺寸超过了纳米纤维直径, 形成纤维点粘合的机会也 不大, 也会使泡沫粘合后的电纺膜丧失其多孔特性, 而且工艺比较繁琐、 不易控制。 目前, 针对电纺膜的增强, 现有技术主要采用下述方法: (1 ) 直接对单组分热塑性聚 合物电纺膜进行热轧或热熔粘合, 前者可使单组分热塑性聚合物电纺膜的拉伸断裂强力增 加 3〜4倍 (漆东岳, 天津工业大学纺织学院硕士毕业论文, 2013 ), 后者可使 PVDF电纺膜 的拉伸断裂强度增长 2倍左右 (高昆, 哈尔滨工业大学应用化学系博士毕业论文, 2007); (2) 对混溶电纺膜进行热熔处理, 该方法可使 PVDF/PEO双组分电纺膜的最大断裂强度从 14.9MPa增加到 16.1MPa (高昆, 哈尔滨工业大学应用化学系博士毕业论文, 2007)。
本发明提出了一种不同于现有非织造布粘合技术的混和静电纺一热轧粘合方法, 并将 其应用于所有热塑性聚合物的静电纺纳米纤维膜增强, 可获得理想的点粘合结构, 极大地 提高静电纺纳米纤维膜的强度, 又不显著影响电纺膜的多孔性和微孔性, 可扩大电纺膜的 应用领域, 加快纳米纤维的工业化生产和应用进程。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足, 本发明所要解决的技术问题是, 提供一种采用多种 (两种或两 种以上) 聚合物分别从相间、 交错或交叉分布的纺针 (喷丝孔、 纺丝孔、 喷嘴、 纺丝头、 喷头) 进行静电纺丝以后, 所得几种纳米纤维在接收装置上得到均匀分布和混合, 再进行 热轧粘合的电纺膜增强方法。 所述的多种聚合物包括热塑性聚合物、 非热塑性聚合物或二 者的组合, 但至少含有一种较低熔点 (视最终产品用途, 较低熔点的范围也不同, 只要是 和其它同时共纺的聚合物相比, 熔点相差 20°C或以上即可) 的热塑性聚合物, 且各种聚合 物具有良好的化学稳定性; 混合静电纺后进行热轧粘合, 热轧温度略高于较低熔点的聚合 物组分, 在两种纳米纤维交叉点处发生点粘合, 在提高纤维间抱合力、 实现电纺膜整体机 械性能改善的同时, 不会阻塞微孔, 可极大程度地保留电纺膜固有的高孔隙性和微孔特性。 本发明技术内容符合国家环保要求, 且工艺简单, 操作方便, 工业化实施容易。
本发明解决所述生产方法技术问题的技术方案是: 设计一种纳米纤维非织造布 (电纺 膜) 的增强方法, 该方法包括如下工艺步骤:
( 1 ) 制备聚合物纺丝溶液: 将熔点相差 20°C以上的两种或两种以上热塑性聚合物或者其 中含有一个较低熔点热塑性聚合物的多种聚合物分别溶于各自的良溶剂当中, 搅拌均匀, 静置一段时间, 分别形成几种纺丝溶液备用; (2 )混合静电纺丝: 将配制好的前述几种聚合物纺丝溶液按照一定的射流混合排列规律分 别喂入各自的纺丝系统, 到达同一个纺丝板, 在相同的接收距离、 纺丝电压和纺丝环境下 进行混合静电纺;
( 3 )热轧点粘合: 混合静电纺丝以后, 将所形成的多组分混合电纺膜在一定温度、 压力下 进行热轧粘合。 本发明解决所述生产技术问题的技术方案是: 设计一种纳米纤维非织造布的纺丝射流 排列结构, 该纺丝射流排列结构适用于本发明所述的纳米纤维非织造布的生产方法, 即所 述的纺丝射流涉及一种多射流 (多针头、 多喷丝孔、 多喷嘴、 多纺丝头) 静电纺丝技术。 所述的纺丝板具有特殊结构设计, 纺丝板上的纺丝射流呈现交叉混合排列状态。 纺丝板上 针头或喷丝孔的排列可以是线形也可以是圆形或椭圆形等。 与现有技术相比, 本发明是通过几种不同聚合物进行交叉混合静电纺丝, 再经热轧处 理的增强电纺膜的生产方法, 其中至少一种聚合物为较低熔点的热塑性聚合物; 本发明所 述的生产方法, 在保留静电纺纳米纤维的原有优良特性的前提下, 实现了静电纺纳米纤维 之间的点粘合增强, 改善了静电纺纳米纤维膜的整体机械性能, 扩大了静电纺纳米纤维膜 的应用领域; 该生产装置制造简单, 操作方便, 可满足低碳生产要求, 实施成本低, 工业 化推广容易。 热轧处理可采用现有热轧粘合技术和设备, 实现连续化生产。
本发明提供了一种增强静电纺纳米纤维膜的制备方法, 包括以下步骤:
1 ) 制备聚合物纺丝溶液: 将任意两种之间熔点相差至少 20°C的两种或两种以上聚合 物分别熔于合适的溶剂中;
2 ) 混合静电纺: 将上述步骤 1 )获得的熔于合适溶剂中的所述的两种或两种以上聚合 物进行混合静电纺, 获得多组分混合电纺膜;
3 ) 热轧粘合: 将所述的多组分混合电纺膜进行热轧粘合; 得到增强静电纺纳米纤维 膜;
其特征在于所述的热轧粘合的温度高于所述两种或两种以上聚合物中具有最低熔点聚 合物的熔点并低于所述两种或两种以上聚合物中具有次低熔点聚合物的熔点, 优选高于所 述两种或两种以上聚合物中具有最低熔点聚合物的熔点 2〜10°C。 优选地, 所述的聚合物包括聚苯乙烯 (PS)、 聚砜 (PSF)、 聚醚砜 (PES)、 聚偏氟乙烯 (PVDF)、 聚偏氟乙烯-全氟丙烯 (PVDF-HFP)、 聚偏氟乙烯 -三氟氯乙烯 (PVDF_CTFE)、 聚 丙烯腈(PAN)、聚酰胺(PA)、聚乙烯咔唑、醋酸纤维素酯(CA)、 纤维素类、 壳聚糖(PAA)、 聚苯胺、 聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯 (PET)、 聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯 (PBT)、 聚对苯二甲酸丙 二醇酯 ( PTT)、聚酰亚胺(ΡΙ )、聚氨酯(PU)、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯 ( P匪 A)、聚乙烯醇(PVA)、 聚碳酸酯(PC)、聚乙烯亚胺(PEI )、聚醚醚铜(PEEK)、脂肪族酰胺、聚醋酸乙烯酯(PVAc)、 聚甲醛 (P0M)、 聚氯乙烯 (PVC)、 尼龙 -6 ( PA-6)、 尼龙 -66 ( PA_66)、 聚三氟乙烯、 聚三 氟氯乙烯、 聚氟乙烯、 聚乳酸、 聚环氧乙烷和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮中的一种或几种。
优选地, 所述的两种或两种以上聚合物中至少有一种为热塑性聚合物, 优选地, 所述 的热塑性聚合物包括聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚酰胺 6 (PA6) 或聚酰胺 6,6 (PA6,6)、 聚丁二酸丁二醇酯 (PBS)、 聚丙烯腈 (PAN)、 聚酰亚胺 (PI)、 聚 乙烯醇改性热塑性淀粉、 热塑性聚氨酯 (TPU), 或者是必须通过熔融形成纺丝溶液的聚丙 烯 (PP)、 聚乙烯 (PE)、 聚苯乙烯 (PS)、 聚苯硫醚 (PPS)。
优选地, 所述的热塑性聚合物是同类型或不同类型的热塑性聚合物。
优选地, 所述的混合静电纺是相间混合静电纺, 更优选地, 所述的相间混合静电纺是 交叉或交错混合静电纺更优选所述的混合静电纺的静电纺丝射流沿接受装置运动方向前后 交叉排列或沿产品幅宽方向左右相间排列。
优选地, 所述的混合静电纺的静电纺丝射流是通过一种混纺静电纺丝板或纺丝头或喷 丝板或喷丝头完成, 更优选地, 所述的混纺静电纺丝板或纺丝头或喷丝板或喷丝头上的多 针头、 多喷丝孔或多喷嘴按照左右相间排列或纵横交叉排列, 或是无针头静电纺丝头、 喷 丝头或纺丝模头纵横交错排列。
优选地, 所述的混纺静电纺丝板或纺丝头或喷丝板或喷丝头上的多针头、 多喷丝孔或 多喷嘴按照相见、 交错或交叉喂入不同聚合物纺丝溶液。
优选地, 所述的无针头静电纺丝头、 喷丝头或纺丝模头包括金属转辊式、 金属线式、 螺旋式、 锯齿式、 离心式、 气泡式无针头静电纺丝头、 喷丝头或纺丝模头。
优选地, 热轧粘合的时间为 l〜10min。
优选地, 热轧粘合的压力为 l〜20MPa。
本发明还提供了一种静电纺纳米纤维膜, 其拉伸断裂强度为至少 17. 8MPa, 优选大于 26. 8MPa。 本发明提供的静电纺纳米纤维膜具有多种用途, 可用于不同的技术领域中, 比如 可以用于生物医药、 能源化工、 气体液体过滤、 防水防风、 防风保暖、 透视透气、 环境治 理、 半导体传感器等等领域。 本发明提供的静电纺纳米纤维膜能够用作锂离子电池隔膜, 还可以用作空气过滤材料, 还可以用来制备防水透湿透气织物。
本发明提供的方法将高熔点聚合物和低熔点聚合物分别进行静电纺, 将得到的聚合物 膜复合后热轧, 得到静电纺纳米纤维膜, 本发明提供的制备方法生产效率高、 能耗低, 适 合于大规模工业化生产。
本发明进一步提供了一种混和静电纺设备, 其包括两种或两种以上静电纺丝射流发射 装置, 优选地, 所述的发射装置是纺丝板或纺丝头或喷丝板或喷丝头, 更优选地, 所述的 两种或两种以上静电纺丝发射装置为混合多针头线性排列式静电纺发射装置、 混合多喷嘴 线性排列式静电纺发射装置、 混合多喷丝孔线性排列式静电纺发射装置、 混合多喷嘴线性 排列式静电纺发射装置、 混合多针头圆形排列式静电纺发射装置或混合辊式无针头式静电 纺发射装置。
附图说明 图 1为本发明增强静电纺纳米纤维膜的生产方法一种实施例的两种聚合物混合多针头 线性排列式静电纺装置的纺针排布方式示意图。 其中, 10—喷丝板; 20—低 (高) 熔点热 塑性聚合物; 30—高 (低) 熔点热塑性聚合物 图 2为本发明增强静电纺纳米纤维膜的生产方法另一种实施例的两种聚合物混合多喷 嘴线性排列式静电纺装置的喷嘴排布方式示意图。 其中, 10—纺丝板; 20—低 (高) 熔点 聚合物组分; 30—高 (低) 熔点聚合物组分。 图 3为本发明增强静电纺纳米纤维膜的生产方法另一种实施例的两种聚合物混合多喷 丝孔线性排列式静电纺装置的喷丝孔排布方式示意图。 其中, 10—纺丝板; 20—低 (高) 熔点聚合物组分; 30—高 (低) 熔点聚合物组分。 图 4为本发明增强静电纺纳米纤维膜的生产方法另一种实施例的两种聚合物混合多喷 嘴线性排列式静电纺装置的喷嘴排布方式示意图。 其中, 10—纺丝板; 20—低 (高) 熔点 聚合物组分; 30—高 (低) 熔点聚合物组分。 图 5为本发明增强静电纺纳米纤维膜的生产方法另一种实施例的两种聚合物混合多喷 丝孔线性排列式静电纺装置的喷丝孔排布方式示意图。 其中, 10—纺丝板; 20—低 (高) 熔点聚合物组分; 30—高 (低) 熔点聚合物组分。 图 6为本发明增强静电纺纳米纤维膜的生产方法一种实施例的两种聚合物混合多针头 圆形排列式静电纺装置的针头排布方式示意图。 其中, 10—纺丝板; 20—低 (高) 熔点聚 合物组分; 30—高 (低) 熔点聚合物组分。 图 7为本发明增强静电纺纳米纤维膜的生产方法另一种实施例的两种聚合物混合多针 头圆形排列式静电纺装置的针头排布方式示意图。 其中, 10—纺丝板; 20—低 (高) 熔点 聚合物组分; 30—高 (低) 熔点聚合物组分。 图 8为本发明增强静电纺纳米纤维膜的生产方法一种实施例的单排两种聚合物混合无 针头静电纺丝装置其纺丝头沿幅宽方向相间排列的排布方式示意图。 其中, 10—纺丝板; 20—低 (高) 熔点聚合物组分; 30—高 (低) 熔点聚合物组分。 图 9为本发明增强静电纺纳米纤维膜的生产方法另一种实施例的多排两种聚合物混合 无针头静电纺丝装置其纺丝头沿生产线方向相间排列的排布方式示意图。 其中, 10—纺丝 板; 20—低 (高) 熔点聚合物组分; 30—高 (低) 熔点聚合物组分。 图 10为本发明增强静电纺纳米纤维膜的方法一种实施例的 PAN/PVDF21216两种聚合 物混合静电纺纳米纤维膜经热轧处理后的 SEM照片。 图 11 为本发明增强静电纺纳米纤维膜的方法另一种实施例的 PVDF6020/PVDF21216 双组分混合静电纺纳米纤维膜经热轧处理后的 SEM照片。 图 12为本发明增强静电纺纳米纤维膜的方法一种实施例中 PVDF21216静电纺纳米纤 维膜热轧处理前后的拉伸应力应变对比曲线。 图 13为本发明所制备的一种实施例中 PAN/PVDF21216两种聚合物混合增强静电纺纳 米纤维膜热轧处理前后的拉伸应力应变对比曲线。 图 14为本发明增强静电纺纳米纤维膜的方法的一种实施例中 PAN/PVDF21216两种聚 合物混合电纺膜与 PAN、 PVDF21216分别热轧处理后的拉伸应力应变曲线。 图 15为本发明所制备的一种实施例中 PVDF6020静电纺纳米纤维膜热轧处理前后的拉 伸应力应变对比曲线。
图 16为本发明所制备的一种实施例中 PVDF6020/21216两种聚合物混合增强静电纺纳 米纤维膜热轧处理前后的拉伸应力应变曲线对比。 图 17为本发明增强静电纺纳米纤维膜的方法的另一种实施例中 PVDF6020/21216两种 聚合物混合增强静电纺纳米纤维膜与单组份 PVDF6020、 PVDF21216分别热轧后的拉伸应 力应变曲线。 具体实施方式
为了进一步说明本发明, 以下将结合实施例及其附图进一步叙述本发明。 这些具体实 施例仅用于进一步叙述本发明, 并无意限制本发明申请的权利要求保护范围。
本发明设计的增强静电纺纳米纤维非织造布 (电纺膜) 的生产方法 (简称生产方法, 参见图 1 17) 主要包括以下工艺步骤:
( 1 ) 制备聚合物纺丝溶液: 分别将多种 (两种或以上) 不同聚合物及其良溶剂以适 当的质量百分比浓度在搅拌机中搅拌混合均匀, 静置 1〜2小时后, 形成两种或两种以上纺 丝溶液备用。
(2) 相间混合静电纺: 将配制好的前述多种聚合物纺丝溶液分别喂入各自的纺丝系 统, 在相同的接收距离、 纺丝电压和纺丝环境下进行交叉混合静电纺。 这几种聚合物的纺 丝射流在同一个纺丝板上交叉排列, 纺丝射流可来自于多针头静电纺丝装置的不同纺针、 多喷丝孔静电纺丝装置的不同喷丝孔或无针头静电纺丝装置的不同纺丝头; 多种聚合物纺 丝射流沿纤维接收器的运动方向前后交叉排布, 成网后, 多种聚合物的静电纺丝纤维在纤 网内呈随机交错排布。
(3 ) 热轧粘合: 相间混合静电纺丝以后, 将所形成的两种聚合物混纺非织造膜在一 定温度、 压力和时间下进行热轧粘合, 温度略高于较低熔点聚合物的熔点 (2〜10°C )。 上 下轧辊 /压板之间温差为 2〜10°C, 热轧时间为 l〜10min, 热轧压力为 l〜20MPa。 低熔点 的热塑性高聚物在热轧过程中发生部分熔融, 且熔融仅发生在纤维之间的交叉点处, 不堵 塞静电纺纳米纤维膜的原有缝隙和孔洞。
本发明生产方法中, 所述的热塑性聚合物是指能溶解于其良溶剂用于静电纺丝 (包括 溶液静电纺和熔体静电纺) 的高分子材料, 例如聚偏氟乙烯 (PVDF)、 聚对苯二甲酸乙二 醇酯 (PET)、 聚酰胺 6 (PA6) 或聚酰胺 6,6 (PA6,6)、 聚丁二酸丁二醇酯 (PBS)、 聚丙烯 腈 (PAN)、 聚酰亚胺 (PI)、 聚乙烯醇改性热塑性淀粉、 热塑性聚氨酯 (TPU), 或者是必 须通过熔融形成纺丝溶液的聚丙烯(PP)、 聚乙烯(PE)、 聚苯乙烯(PS)、 聚苯硫醚(PPS) 等不易溶于有机溶剂的热塑性聚合物。
本发明生产方法中, 所述的热塑性聚合物的良溶剂是指对高分子溶质具有较强溶解能 力的溶剂,包括水、乙醇、氯仿、丙酮、 Ν,Ν二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)、 甲酸等有机溶剂。 例如, 所述的热塑性聚合物选用聚偏氟乙烯 (PVDF) 时, 那么 DMF就 是其良溶剂; 热塑性聚合物选用聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯 (PET) 时, 三氟乙酸(TFA)和二 氯甲烷 (DCM) 的混合体系 (质量比在 5: 1〜3: 1 范围) 就是其良溶剂; 热塑性聚合物 选用聚酰胺 6 (PA6) 或聚酰胺 6, 6 (PA66) 时, 其良溶剂就是质量百分比浓度为 10%〜 15%的甲酸溶液; 热塑性聚合物选用聚丁二酸丁二醇酯 (PBS) 时, 三氯甲烷(氯仿) 与异 丙醇 (IPA) 的混合体系 (质量比为 6: 3〜8: 3 ) 就是其良溶剂; 热塑性聚合物选用聚丙 烯腈 (PAN) 时, Ν,Ν二甲基甲酰胺 (DMF) 就是其良溶剂。 本发明生产方法中, 所述适当的质量百分比浓度是指所述聚合物溶液在高压电场的作 用下能够连续稳定纺丝而又不会出现大量珠丝时的质量百分比浓度, 主要与高分子聚合物 材料种类、 分子量、 所用良溶剂以及产品结构性能有关。
本发明生产方法中, 所述的相间混合静电纺是指多 (几) 种聚合物的纺丝射流在同一 个纺丝板上相间 (交叉、 交错) 混合排列, 其纺丝射流可来自于多针头静电纺丝装置 /设备 的不同纺针、 多喷丝孔 (多喷嘴) 静电纺丝装置 /设备的不同喷丝孔或无针头静电纺丝装置 /设备的不同纺丝头; 多种聚合物的静电纺丝射流沿纤维接收器的运动方向前后进行交叉 (交错) 排布、 或沿产品幅宽方向进行左右相间排列; 成网后, 多种聚合物的静电纺纳米 纤维在纤网内呈随机纵横交错分布。 例如, 在多针头 (多喷丝孔、 多喷嘴) 静电纺丝装置 / 设备中, 同一排的针头按照一定规律相间喂入前述的多种不同聚合物纺丝溶液, 不同排的 针头前后交错 (交叉) 喂入两种不同纺丝溶液。 在无针头静电纺丝装置 /设备) (例如捷克 纳米蜘蛛静电纺丝设备) 中, 不同的纺 (喷) 丝头喂入不同的纺丝溶液, 同时纺 (喷) 丝 头左右相间排列或前后交错 (交叉) 排布。
本发明生产方法中, 所述的热轧温度略高于较低熔点聚合物的熔点 2〜10°C, 上下轧 辊 /压板之间温差为 2〜10°C ; 所述的热轧时间为 l〜10min, 所述的热轧压力为 l〜20MPa。 低熔点的高聚物在热轧过程中发生部分熔融, 且熔融仅发生在纤维之间的交叉点处, 不堵 塞静电纺纳米纤维膜的原有缝隙和孔洞。 所述的热轧粘合技术采用公知的设备 /装置。
本发明生产方法的进一步特征是, 所述的混合静电纺丝所选用的不同聚合物可以是两 种聚合物, 其熔点相差 20°C或以上; 可以是同种聚合物, 但是熔点相差 20°C或以上; 也可 以是三种或以上聚合物进行混合静电纺, 只要其中含有较低熔点的热塑性聚合物即可, 混 和静电纺的其它聚合物可以是热塑性的, 也可以是非热塑性的, 或热塑性聚合物与非热塑 性聚合物的组合。 例如, PVDF/PAN 混合静电纺、 PVDF6020/PVDF21216 混合静电纺、 PVDF/PAN/PET 混合静电纺、 PVDF/丝素蛋白混合静电纺、 PVDF/纤维素混合静电纺、 PVDF/PLA、 PVDF/PVA、 PVDF/PVP PVDF/PA静电纺、 PVDF/PET静电纺、 PVDF/PS静 电纺、 PVDF/PPS混合静电纺、 PVDF/PP静电纺、 PVDF/PI等。
这种方法可以大幅提高纳米纤维非织造布的机械强度 (拉伸强度、 顶破 /刺破强度、 撕 破强度), 并对其耐静水压值、 防风性能等性能产生正面影响。 本发明中的静电纺纳米纤维 膜的拉伸断裂强度的测量采用本领域常规的技术方法, 即采用 GB13022-91 规定的拉伸断 裂强度测试方法 (样品规格为 20 mmX 150 mm, 夹间距 50 mm, 拉伸速率 10 mm/min)。
本发明按照所述的混合纳米纤维非织造布的生产方法, 同时设计了增强纳米纤维非织 造布的纺丝板 /纺丝头 /喷丝头 (参见图 1 9)。 对于多针头 /多喷嘴 /多喷丝孔静电纺丝装置 / 设备, 纺丝板 /纺丝头 /喷丝头上的针头或喷嘴 /纺丝孔的排列遵循前述的相间 /交叉 /交错规 律。 对于无针头静电纺丝装置 /设备, 可通过纺丝头 /模头的横向相间串连(单排多喷头)或 纵向交错并列 (多排多喷头) 来实现前述的交叉混合静电纺。 其它未述及之处, 采用现有 公知技术。
下面结合实施例及其附图进一步阐述本发明。
PVDF和 PVDF-HFP: 购自美国苏威 (苏威 6020、 苏威 21216);
PAN (聚丙烯腈): 购自日本三井化学 (三井化学 1010);
PVA (聚乙烯醇): 购自上海石油化学股份有限公司;
PBS: 天津理工大学化学化工学院研制合成;
DMF (二甲基甲酰胺)、 三氯甲烷 (氯仿)、 异丙醇 (IPA)、 丙酮 (纯度 99.5%CaCl2)、 C2¾OH、 碳酸钠、 聚乙二醇 (PEG-20000, 平均分子质量为 18500-22000): 购自天津市科 密欧化学试剂有限公司, 分析纯;
透析袋: 规格为 3500道尔顿, 购自北京普博欣生物科技有限责任公司;
离心机: 购自江苏金坛环宇市环宇科学仪器厂, 型号 YXJ-A;
去离子水: 实验室自制;
集热式恒温加热磁力搅拌器: 购自巩义市英峪予华仪器厂, 型号 DF-101S;
烘干机: 购自上海博迅实业有限公司医疗设备厂, 型号 GZX-9070MBE;
磁力搅拌器: 购自巩义市英峪予华仪器厂, 型号 DF-101S;
静电纺丝装置: 天津工业大学纳米纤维研究室自制 /组装而成, 主要包括喂液系统、 高 压电源、 金属滚筒、 横动机构、 纺丝板、 不锈钢点胶针头等部件; 其中溶液静电纺采用医 疗注射泵作为喂液装置, 熔体静电纺采用螺杆挤压机作为喂液装置。
桑蚕丝若干 (天津市卫生装备研究所提供);
热轧机: 购自 型号: 双辊导热油压烫机; 太仓万龙非织造布工程有限公司; 薄膜测 厚仪: 济南兰光机电技术有限公司, 型号 CHY-C2;
SEM (扫描电子显微镜): 购自日本日立高新技术公司, 型号 TM-1000;
万能强力试验机: 购自美国 Instron公司, 型号 Instron3369;
DSC (差示量热扫描仪): 购自德国耐驰热分析, 型号 DSC200F3
实施例 1 采用 PAN与美国苏威生产的型号为 21216的 PVDF, 作为混合电纺丝的两种聚合物。 其中, PAN作为高熔点组分, 在 220 条件下依然可保持热稳定性, 其电纺丝所得纳米纤 维膜经过热轧后拉伸模量较大, 但断裂伸长和断裂强度较低 (参见图 14); PVDF21216作 为热塑性低熔点聚合物组分, 熔点为 135 度, 起始熔融温度为 110°C。 其单组分电纺丝所 得纤维膜拉伸模量较小, 但断裂伸长和断裂强度较大 (参见图 12)。
将在 80°C条件下预先烘干 2小时的 PAN和 PVDF21216, 按质量分数比为 PAN/丙酮 /DMF= 15/20/65称取 PAN及溶剂, 按 PVDF21216/丙酮 /DMF= 10/20/70称取 PVDF21216及 溶剂, 在 45 °C条件下进行磁力搅拌溶解, 至形成透明混合溶液, 冷却至室温, 得到 PAN及 PVDF21216电纺丝溶液。 将制得的 PAN、 PVDF21216电纺丝溶液注入 20mL的注射器中, 用针头内径为 0.8mm 的不锈钢点胶针头作为纺丝头, PAN、 PVDF21216纺丝射流在静电纺丝装置的纺丝板上的 排布方式参见图 1, 其中 PAN为高熔点组分, PVDF21216为低熔点组分, 电压施加在点胶 针头上, 所有针头施加的电压均为 35kV, 采用直径为 15cm的表面附有离型纸的金属滚筒 作为接收装置, 接收距离为 20cm, 在相对湿度为 25〜40%的条件下, 进行电纺丝 30min, 制得两种高聚物纤维随机交错分布的纳米纤维膜。
将纺得的复合纳米纤维膜用两层双面离型纸夹合后送入热轧机; 设定热轧压力为 3MPa, 上下压头的温度分别为 113°C和 110°C, 预热 30min, 待温度稳定到预设温度后, 送 入用双面离型纸夹合好的静电纺纳米纤维膜, 热轧 5min后获得 PVDF21216部分熔融并与 PAN形成点粘结的增强纳米纤维膜 (参见图 10)。 热轧后测试其厚度为 18.7μηι, 较热轧前 的 40μηι更薄, 可以满足除生物组织支架外大部分应用领域的要求。
对得到的增强纳米纤维膜进行透气率、 孔隙率、 拉伸强度等性能进行测试, 结果显示 PAN/PVDF21216 复合增强静电纺纳米纤维膜的透气率和孔隙率依然极高, 约为 1200m3/m2-kPa-h和 84.4%; 处理后的 PAN/PVDF21216复合增强静电纺纳米纤维膜的拉伸 断裂强度为 17.8MPa、远高于单组份的 PAN、 PVDF21216静电纺纳米纤维膜的 4MPa和 8MPa 更高 (参见图 13 ), 断裂伸长率也较 PAN更高, 较 PVDF21216更低, 模量大幅提高, 在 保留了 PAN、 PVDF21216各自的优点的同时, 克服了单组份膜强度低的缺点; 虽然单组份 的 PVDF21216静电纺纳米纤维膜热轧处理后, 强度也有提升, 但其升高比例 128% (参见 图 13 ) 远低于 PAN/PVDF21216复合增强静电纺纳米纤维膜的 908% (参见图 14), 说明本 发明提出的交叉混合静电纺丝_热轧处理的复合组合方法实现了纳米纤维的有效点粘结 (参见图 10), 可以大幅提高静电纺纳米纤维膜的强度。 并同时保留静电纺纳米纤维膜的 原有优点。
实施例 2
采用美国苏威生产的型号为 6020及 21216的 PVDF热塑性聚合物,作为溶液静电纺混 合纺丝的两种组分。 PVDF6020作为高熔点组分, 熔点为 175 °C, 其电纺丝所得纤维膜断裂 强度较大, 断裂伸长率适中; PVDF21216作为低熔点组分, 熔点为 135摄氏度, 起始熔融 温度为 106°C, 其电纺丝所得纤维膜拉伸模量较小, 但断裂伸长较大 (参见图 12和 15 )。
将 PVDF6020 和 PVDF21216 在 80 °C条件下预先烘干 2 小时, 按质量分数比为 PVDF6020/丙酮 /DMF= 10/20/70称取 PVDF6020及溶剂,按 PVDF21216/丙酮 /DMF=10/20/70 称取 PVDF及溶剂,在 45 °C条件下进行磁力搅拌溶解, 至形成透明混合溶液,冷却至室温, 得到 PVDF6020及 PVDF21216电纺丝溶液。 将制得的 PVDF6020及 PVDF21216电纺丝溶液注入 20mL的注射器中,用针头内径为 0.8mm的不锈钢点胶针头作为纺丝头, PVDF6020及 PVDF21216的纺丝射流排布方式参见 图 3和 4, 其中 PVDF6020为高熔点组分, PVDF21216为热熔性低熔点组分, 电压施加在 点胶针头上, 所有针头施加的电压均为 35kV, 采用直径为 15cm的表面附有离型纸的金属 滚筒作为接收装置,接受距离为 18cm,在相对湿度为 25〜40%的条件下,进行电纺丝 30min, 制得两种高聚物纤维随机交错分布的纳米纤维膜。
将纺得的复合纳米纤维膜用两层双面离型纸夹合, 设定热轧压力为 3MPa, 上下压头的 温度分别为 110°C和 107°C, 预热 30min, 待温度稳定到预设温度后, 送入用双面离型纸夹 合好的静电纺纳米纤维膜, 热轧 5min后获得 PVDF21216部分熔融并与 PVDF6020形成点 粘结增强的纳米纤维膜 (参见图 11 )。 热轧粘合处理后测试该薄膜的厚度为 21.3μηι, 较热 轧前的 46μηι更薄。 这说明热轧处理不但提高电纺膜强力, 还同时可降低 /控制厚度。 测试制得的增强纳米纤维膜的透气率、 孔隙率、 拉伸强度等性能。 结果显示 PVDF6020/21216 复合增强静电纺纳米纤维膜的透气率和孔隙率依然极高, 约为 960m3/m2-kPa-h和 79.5%; 处理后的 PVDF6020/21216复合增强静电纺纳米纤维膜的拉伸断 裂强度为 26.8Mpa, 远高于单组份的 PVDF6020、 PVDF21216静电纺纳米纤维膜的 18MPa 和 8MPa (参见图 15— 17), 断裂伸长率也比 PVDF21216及 PVDF6020更低, 模量大幅提 高, 在保留了 PVDF6020、 PVDF21216各自的优点的同时, 克服了单组份膜强度低的缺点; 虽然单组份的 PVDF6020 静电纺纳米纤维膜热轧处理后, 强度也有提升, 但其升高比例 414% (参见图 15 ) 远低于 PVDF6020/2121 混合增强静电纺纳米纤维膜的 665% (参见图 16),这说明本发明提出的交叉混合纺丝一热轧处理相配合的方法实现了相邻纳米纤维在交 叉处的有效点粘结 (图 11 ), 可以大幅提高静电纺纳米纤维膜的强度。
实施例 3 采用美国苏威生产的型号为 6020及 21216的 PVDF热塑性聚合物,作为熔体静电纺混 合纺丝的两种组分。 PVDF6020作为高熔点组分, 熔点为 175 °C, 其电纺丝所得纤维膜断裂 强度较大, 断裂伸长率适中; PVDF21216作为低熔点组分, 熔点为 135摄氏度, 起始熔融 温度为 106°C, 其电纺丝所得纤维膜拉伸模量较小, 但断裂伸长较大。 将 PVDF6020 禾 Q PVDF21216 在 80°C条件下预先烘干 2 小时, 得到 PVDF6020 及
PVDF21216的干燥聚合物。 采用两排喷丝孔交错排列 (参见图 1 : 图 1所示为四排纺针或 喷丝孔; 本实施例采用两排喷丝孔) 的熔喷设备进行混合静电纺。 将纺丝板接地, 成网帘 采用聚酯纤维编织布, 在成网帘下方的负电极上施加直流负高压 40kV, 接收距离为 15cm, 相对湿度控制在 20〜40%。 将干燥好的 PVDF6020及 PVDF21216聚合物分别喂入不同的螺杆挤压机的喂料斗,根 据各自的熔点设置每个螺杆挤压机的喂料区、 压缩区和计量区温度, 使两种 PVDF的纺丝 熔体都能够完全熔融流动, 经过计量和过滤后分别到达同一个纺丝板的不同排纺丝孔, 进 行熔融挤压纺丝。 电纺丝 30min后, 制得两种高聚物纤维随机交错分布的纳米纤维膜。 将纺得的复合纳米纤维膜用两层双面离型纸夹合, 设定热轧压力为 4MPa, 上下压头的 温度分别为 110°C和 105 °C, 预热 30min, 待温度稳定到预设温度后, 送入用双面离型纸夹 合好的静电纺纳米纤维膜, 热轧 7min后获得 PVDF21216部分熔融并与 PVDF6020形成点 粘结增强的纳米纤维膜。 热轧粘合处理后测试该薄膜的厚度为 30μηι, 较热轧前的 50μηι更 薄。 这说明热轧处理不但提高电纺膜强力, 还同时可降低 /控制厚度。 测试制得的增强纳米纤维膜的透气率、 孔隙率、 拉伸强度等性能, 结果显示 PVDF6020/21216复合增强静电纺纳米纤维膜的透气率和孔隙率依然极高,为 930m3/m2*kPa • h和 76%; 处理后的 PVDF6020/21216 复合增强静电纺纳米纤维膜的拉伸断裂强度为 30MPa, 断裂伸长率也较单组分 PVDF21216及 PVDF6020更低, 模量大幅提高, 在保留了 PVDF6020 PVDF21216各自的优点的同时, 克服了单组份膜强度低的缺点。
实施例 4
采用国产 PAN与美国苏威生产的型号为 21216的 PVDF, 作为混合电纺丝的两种组 分。 其中, PAN作为高熔点组分, 在 220 条件下依然可保持热稳定性, 其电纺丝所得纳 米纤维膜经过热轧后拉伸模量较大,但断裂伸长和断裂强度较低(参见图 14); PVDF21216 作为热塑性低熔点聚合物组分, 熔点为 135 度, 起始熔融温度为 110°C。 其单组分电纺丝 所得纤维膜拉伸模量较小, 但断裂伸长和断裂强度较大 (参见图 12)。
将在 80°C条件下预先烘干 2小时的 PAN和 PVDF21216, 按质量分数比为 PAN/丙酮 /DMF= 15/20/65称取 PAN及溶剂, 按 PVDF21216/丙酮 /DMF= 10/20/70称取 PVDF21216及 溶剂, 在 45 °C条件下进行磁力搅拌溶解, 至形成透明混合溶液, 冷却至室温, 得到 PAN及 PVDF21216电纺丝溶液。 将制得的 PAN、 PVDF21216电纺丝溶液注入 20mL的注射器中, 用针头内径为 0.8mm的不锈钢点胶针头作为纺丝头, PAN、 PVDF21216纺丝射流的排布方 式参见图 7,其中 PAN为高熔点组分, PVDF21216为低熔点组分, 电压施加在点胶针头上, 所有针头施加的电压均为 50kV, 采用直径为 15cm的表面附有离型纸的金属滚筒作为接收 装置, 接受距离为 18cm, 在相对湿度为 20〜45%的条件下, 进行电纺丝 30min, 制得两种 高聚物纤维随机交错分布的纳米纤维膜。 将纺得的复合纳米纤维膜用两层双面离型纸夹合, 设定热轧压力为 6MPa, 上下压头的 温度分别为 115°C和 110°C, 预热 30min, 待温度稳定到预设温度后, 送入用双面离型纸夹 合好的静电纺纳米纤维膜,热轧 6min后获得 PVDF21216部分熔融并与 PAN形成点粘结的 增强纳米纤维膜。 热轧后测试其厚度为 22μηι, 较热轧前的 39μηι更薄, 可以满足除生物组 织支架外大部分应用领域的要求。
对得到的增强纳米纤维膜进行透气率、 孔隙率、 拉伸强度等性能进行测试, 结果显示 PAN/PVDF21216 复合增强静电纺纳米纤维膜的透气率和孔隙率依然极高, 约为 1190m3/n^kPa'h禾卩 82.5%; 处理后的 PAN/PVDF21216复合增强静电纺纳米纤维膜的拉伸 断裂强度为 19.4MPa,远高于单组份的 PAN、PVDF21216静电纺纳米纤维膜的 4MPa和 8MPa 更高 (参见图 13 ), 断裂伸长率也较 PAN更高, 较 PVDF21216更低, 模量大幅提高, 在 保留了 PAN、 PVDF21216各自的优点的同时, 克服了单组份膜强度低的缺点, 说明本发明 提出的交叉混合静电纺丝一热轧处理的复合组合方法实现了纳米纤维的有效点粘结, 可以 大幅提高静电纺纳米纤维膜的强度, 并同时保留静电纺纳米纤维膜的原有优点, 例如极高 的通气性、 极高的孔隙率和极小的孔隙尺寸。 实际上热轧粘合处理后, 孔隙尺寸会进一步 下降, 可满足相关领域对极小孔隙尺寸的要求。
实施例 5 本实施例涉及一种 PBS/ ( SF/PVA) 混合电纺膜的制备和热轧增强方法。
首先采用公知技术制备 PBS纺丝溶液:将 PBS (天津理工大学化学化工学院研制合成) 溶于三氯甲烷 (氯仿) 与异丙醇 (IPA) 的混合体系 (质量比为 7: 3 ), 制成质量百分比浓 度为 15%的 PBS溶液; 再采用公知技术制备 SF/PVA混合溶液: 先将天津市卫生装备研究 所提供的蚕丝用 0.5%的碳酸钠溶液进行脱胶处理, 得到精炼蚕丝; 然后用 CaCl2/C2H5OH/H20 (摩尔比为 1 : 2: 8) 的三元溶剂于 60°C下溶解丝素, 经过离心和透析 后得到纯净丝素溶液, 再进行浓缩, 经测试其质量百分比浓度为 25%; 配制质量百分比浓 度为 8%的 PVA溶液, 将 SF溶液和 PVA溶液以体积比为 6: 4 (或质量比为 5: 1 ) 共混, 形成 SF/PVA共混溶液。
利用自制的 20纺丝孔单个圆形分布静电纺丝装置,将相邻纺丝孔分别喂入质量百分比 浓度为 15%的 PBS溶液和质量百分比浓度为 25%的 SF/PVA溶液, 电纺过程中可形成 PBS 与 SF/PVA射流相间排列的状态, 接收后可得到三组分均匀混纺的非织造纳米纤维膜。 将 制得的 PBS及 SF/PVA纺丝溶液分别注入 20mL的注射器中, 纺丝孔内径为 0.8mm, 两种 纺丝射流在圆形纺丝板上的排布方式参见图 7; 其中 PBS为热塑性低熔点组分, 其熔点为 114°C ; SF/PVA 为非热塑性聚合物, 三者均具有可生物降解性。 电纺丝试验时, 接收电极 连入直流负高压, 圆形排布的 20个纺丝孔进行接地处理, 在每个纺丝孔和接收电极之间形 成 45kV的电势差。采用直径为 15cm的表面附有离型纸的金属滚筒作为接收电极, 接收距 离为 18cm, 在相对湿度为 25〜40%的条件下, 进行电纺丝 30min, 制得三种高聚物纳米纤 维随机交错分布的纳米纤维膜 (热塑性 /非热塑性混纺纳米纤维膜)。 所得纳米纤维平均直 径约为 500nm, 且直径分布较为均匀。
将纺得的复合纳米纤维膜用两层双面离型纸夹合, 设定热轧压力为 5MPa, 上下压头的 温度分别为 108°C和 105°C, 预热 30min, 待温度稳定到预设温度后, 送入用双面离型纸夹 合好的静电纺纳米纤维膜,热轧 5min后获得 PBS纳米纤维部分熔融并与 SF/PVA纳米纤维 形成点粘结增强的混纺纳米纤维电纺膜。热轧粘合处理后测试该薄膜的厚度为 25μηι, 较热 轧前的 49μηι更薄。 这说明热轧处理不但提高电纺膜强力, 还同时可降低 /控制厚度。 测试 制得的混合增强纳米纤维膜的透气率、 孔隙率、 拉伸强度等性能。 结果显示 PBS/(SF/PVA) 混合增强静电纺纳米纤维膜的透气率和孔隙率依然极高, 约为 9950m3/m2_kPa_h和 85%; 处 理后的混合增强静电纺纳米纤维膜的拉伸断裂强度为 25MPa, 断裂伸长率比单组分电纺膜 提高了 2〜3倍。

Claims

权利要求书
1 . 一种增强静电纺纳米纤维膜的制备方法, 包括以下步骤:
1 ) 制备聚合物纺丝溶液: 将任意两种之间熔点相差至少 20°C的两种或两种以上聚合物分 别熔于合适的溶剂中;
2 ) 混合静电纺: 将上述步骤 1 ) 获得的熔于合适溶剂中的所述的两种或两种以上聚合物 进行混合静电纺, 获得多组分混合电纺膜;
3 ) 热轧粘合: 将所述的多组分混合电纺膜进行热轧粘合; 得到增强静电纺纳米纤维膜; 其特征在于所述的热轧粘合的温度高于所述两种或两种以上聚合物中具有最低熔点聚合物 的熔点并低于所述两种或两种以上聚合物中具有次低熔点聚合物的熔点, 优选高于所述两 种或两种以上聚合物中具有最低熔点聚合物的熔点 2〜10°C。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的方法, 其中所述的聚合物包括聚苯乙烯 (PS)、 聚砜 (PSF)、 聚 醚砜 (PES)、 聚偏氟乙烯 (PVDF)、 聚偏氟乙烯-全氟丙烯 (PVDF-HFP)、 聚偏氟乙烯 -三氟 氯乙烯 (PVDF-CTFE)、 聚丙烯腈 (PAN)、 聚酰胺 (PA)、 聚乙烯咔唑、 醋酸纤维素酯 (CA)、 纤维素类、 壳聚糖 (PAA)、 聚苯胺、 聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯 (PET)、 聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇 酯 (PBT)、 聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯 (PTT)、 聚酰亚胺 (ΡΙ )、 聚氨酯 (PU)、 聚甲基丙烯酸 甲酯 (PMMA)、 聚乙烯醇 (PVA)、 聚碳酸酯 (PC)、 聚乙烯亚胺 (PEI )、 聚醚醚铜 (PEEK)、 脂肪族酰胺、 聚醋酸乙烯酯 (PVAc)、 聚甲醛 (POM)、 聚氯乙烯 (PVC)、 尼龙 -6 ( PA_6)、 尼龙 -66 ( PA-66)、 聚三氟乙烯、 聚三氟氯乙烯、 聚氟乙烯、 聚乳酸、 聚环氧乙烷和聚乙烯 吡咯烷酮中的一种或几种。
3. 根据权利要求 1所述的方法, 其中所述的两种或两种以上聚合物中至少有一种为热塑性 聚合物。
4. 根据权利要求 3所述的方法, 其中所述的热塑性聚合物包括聚偏氟乙烯 (PVDF)、 聚对 苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚酰胺 6 ( PA6 )或聚酰胺 6,6 ( PA6,6)、聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)、 聚丙烯腈 (PAN)、 聚酰亚胺 (PI)、 聚乙烯醇改性热塑性淀粉、 热塑性聚氨酯 (TPU), 或 者是必须通过熔融形成纺丝溶液的聚丙烯 (PP)、 聚乙烯 (PE)、 聚苯乙烯 (PS)、 聚苯硫 醚 (PPS)。
5. 根据权利要求 3或 4所述的方法, 其中所述的热塑性聚合物是同类型或不同类型的热塑 性聚合物。
6. 根据权利要求 1-5任一项所述的方法, 其中所述的混合静电纺是相间混合静电纺。
7. 根据权利要求 6所述的方法, 其中所述的相间混合静电纺是交叉或交错混合静电纺。
8. 根据前述权利要求任一项所述的方法, 其中所述的混合静电纺的静电纺丝射流沿接受装 置运动方向前后交叉排列或沿产品幅宽方向左右相间排列。
9. 根据前述权利要求任一项所述的方法, 其中所述的混合静电纺的静电纺丝射流是通过一 种混纺静电纺丝板或纺丝头或喷丝板或喷丝头完成。
10. 根据权利要求 9所述的方法, 其中所述的混纺静电纺丝板或纺丝头或喷丝板或喷丝头 上的多针头、 多喷丝孔或多喷嘴按照左右相间排列或纵横交叉排列, 或是无针头静电纺丝 头、 喷丝头或纺丝模头纵横交错排列。
11. 根据权利要求 9或 10所述的方法, 其中所述的混纺静电纺丝板或纺丝头或喷丝板或喷 丝头上的多针头、 多喷丝孔或多喷嘴按照相见、 交错或交叉喂入不同聚合物纺丝溶液。
12. 根据权利要求 9-11任一项所述的方法, 其中所述的无针头静电纺丝头、 喷丝头或纺丝 模头包括金属转辊式、 金属线式、 螺旋式、 锯齿式、 离心式、 气泡式无针头静电纺丝头、 喷丝头或纺丝模头。
13. 根据权利要求 1所述的方法, 其中热轧粘合的时间为 l〜10min。
14. 根据权利要求 1所述的方法, 其中热轧粘合的压力为 l〜20MPa。
15. 一种静电纺纳米纤维膜, 其拉伸断裂强度为至少 17. 8MPa, 优选大于 26. 8MPa。
16.一种混和静电纺设备, 其包括两种或两种以上静电纺丝射流发射装置。
17. 根据权利要求 16所述的混合静电纺设备, 其是纺丝板或纺丝头或喷丝板或喷丝头。
18. 根据权利要求 16或 17所述的混合静电纺设备, 其中所述的两种或两种以上静电纺丝 发射装置为混合多针头线性排列式静电纺发射装置、 混合多喷嘴线性排列式静电纺发射装 置、 混合多喷丝孔线性排列式静电纺发射装置、 混合多喷嘴线性排列式静电纺发射装置、 混合多针头圆形排列式静电纺发射装置或混合辊式无针头式静电纺发射装置。
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