WO2014152254A2 - Methods, systems, and apparatus for multi-sensory stereo vision for robotics - Google Patents

Methods, systems, and apparatus for multi-sensory stereo vision for robotics Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014152254A2
WO2014152254A2 PCT/US2014/027126 US2014027126W WO2014152254A2 WO 2014152254 A2 WO2014152254 A2 WO 2014152254A2 US 2014027126 W US2014027126 W US 2014027126W WO 2014152254 A2 WO2014152254 A2 WO 2014152254A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sensor
stereo
laser
imager
image
Prior art date
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Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2014/027126
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English (en)
French (fr)
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WO2014152254A3 (en
Inventor
Christopher Charles OSTERWOOD
Daniel Leland STROTHER
David Arthur Larose
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Carnegie Robotics LLC
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Carnegie Robotics LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Carnegie Robotics LLC filed Critical Carnegie Robotics LLC
Priority to AU2014239979A priority Critical patent/AU2014239979B2/en
Priority to EP14770009.0A priority patent/EP2972478B1/en
Priority to KR1020157029111A priority patent/KR101803164B1/ko
Priority to CN201480022190.5A priority patent/CN105164549B/zh
Priority to JP2016502343A priority patent/JP6514681B2/ja
Priority to US14/777,427 priority patent/US10412368B2/en
Priority to CA2902430A priority patent/CA2902430C/en
Publication of WO2014152254A2 publication Critical patent/WO2014152254A2/en
Publication of WO2014152254A3 publication Critical patent/WO2014152254A3/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/20—Image signal generators
    • H04N13/204—Image signal generators using stereoscopic image cameras
    • H04N13/239—Image signal generators using stereoscopic image cameras using two 2D image sensors having a relative position equal to or related to the interocular distance
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
    • B25J9/00—Programme-controlled manipulators
    • B25J9/16—Programme controls
    • B25J9/1694—Programme controls characterised by use of sensors other than normal servo-feedback from position, speed or acceleration sensors, perception control, multi-sensor controlled systems, sensor fusion
    • B25J9/1697—Vision controlled systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
    • G01S17/02—Systems using the reflection of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
    • G01S17/06—Systems determining position data of a target
    • G01S17/42—Simultaneous measurement of distance and other co-ordinates
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
    • G01S7/497—Means for monitoring or calibrating
    • G01S7/4972—Alignment of sensor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B17/00—Details of cameras or camera bodies; Accessories therefor
    • G03B17/02—Bodies
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B17/00—Details of cameras or camera bodies; Accessories therefor
    • G03B17/55—Details of cameras or camera bodies; Accessories therefor with provision for heating or cooling, e.g. in aircraft
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B35/00—Stereoscopic photography
    • G03B35/08—Stereoscopic photography by simultaneous recording
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T7/00—Image analysis
    • G06T7/20—Analysis of motion
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T7/00—Image analysis
    • G06T7/50—Depth or shape recovery
    • G06T7/55—Depth or shape recovery from multiple images
    • G06T7/593—Depth or shape recovery from multiple images from stereo images
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T7/00—Image analysis
    • G06T7/80—Analysis of captured images to determine intrinsic or extrinsic camera parameters, i.e. camera calibration
    • G06T7/85—Stereo camera calibration
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
    • H04N23/50—Constructional details
    • H04N23/51—Housings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
    • H04N23/50—Constructional details
    • H04N23/54—Mounting of pick-up tubes, electronic image sensors, deviation or focusing coils
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
    • G06T2207/10—Image acquisition modality
    • G06T2207/10004—Still image; Photographic image
    • G06T2207/10012—Stereo images
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
    • G06T2207/10—Image acquisition modality
    • G06T2207/10028—Range image; Depth image; 3D point clouds
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N2013/0074—Stereoscopic image analysis
    • H04N2013/0081—Depth or disparity estimation from stereoscopic image signals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N2213/00—Details of stereoscopic systems
    • H04N2213/001—Constructional or mechanical details
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S901/00—Robots
    • Y10S901/46—Sensing device
    • Y10S901/47—Optical

Definitions

  • High update rate stereo data can be used to sense near-field obstacles, targets, or objects to be interacted with. If mounted as the "head" of a humanoid robot, a stereo camera can perform the exact same role as human eyes do— building a real time 3D representation of the area before the humanoid allowing for reactive grasping, path planning, step planning, object recognition, object tracking, and many other forms of 3D computation.
  • FIGS. 9A-9C illustrate a processor (e.g., a field-programmable gate array (FPGA)) configured to process stereo data using a global or semi-global block matching algorithm according to embodiments of the present invention.
  • a processor e.g., a field-programmable gate array (FPGA)
  • FPGA field-programmable gate array
  • FIG. 13A-13D show four images acquired with left and right cameras in a stereo imaging system: a first image acquired with the left camera (FIG. 13 A); a first image acquired with the right camera (FIG. 13B); a second image acquired with the left camera (FIG. 13C); and a second image acquired with the right camera (FIG. 13D).
  • FIG. 14A shows a disparity map based on the images shown in FIGS. 13A and 13B.
  • FIG. IB is a block diagram of the stereo vision system 100 shown in FIG. 1A.
  • the stereo vision system 100 also includes an LED driver module 410 and a processing module 500 operably coupled to each other directly via a suitable bus and also to one or more external components via a connector 102 or other suitable bus.
  • the LED driver module 410 includes a fuse and filter 412 and a 12- Volt DC to DC converter 414 that together provide electrical power to the mainboard 500.
  • a plurality of LED drivers 402 draw fused and filtered power to drive respective LEDs 400.
  • the processing module 500 includes a processor 510, shown in FIG.
  • One challenging aspect of making a stereo system is ensuring the accuracy of the calibration model over time. Any shifting of the lens or imager may cause optical distortion or shifting and the calibration model then no longer matches the characteristics of that unit. This results in difficulty in matching features from left to right images and loss of accuracy and completeness of the resulting disparity map.
  • Alignment within each camera of lens to imager is also maintained by bolts, dowel pins or both. At each of these locations there is the potential for an external shock to cause a shifting of components and loss of calibration accuracy.
  • the system can include sources that provide visible illumination, infrared illumination, or both visible and IR illumination.
  • the imagers are IR sensitive, and the option for IR illumination allows the system to operate at night without visible lighting.
  • FIGS. 8A-8D show a compact, light laser-scanning mechanism 300 that operates with low power draw (e.g., about 2 Watts to about 15 Watts), low rotation speed (e.g., 0 to 60 rpm), and low spindle backlash (e.g., about 0.1 degree to about 0.5 degree).
  • the laser- scanning mechanism 300 oscillates or continuously rotates a laser 310 about a first axis 3 so as to sweep or scan the planar laser beam (e.g. of up to about 180 or 270 degrees) emitted from the laser 310 to create a partial sphere of 3D ranges from a normally 2D laser range sensor.
  • a generalization of the previous approach uses the correspondence between 3D laser measurements and 2D image positions, but does not require the laser spot to be visible in the images. This allows the technique to work even when the cameras are fitted with infrared filters, or when the scene is illuminated too brightly for the laser spot to be seen. In this case, the cameras and scene are motionless while the laser captures a large number of 3D points. If the laser reflection were visible to the cameras, then each 3D point could be matched to 2D image locations by detecting the laser spot in left and right images. Instead, matches are found by projecting the 3D points into the camera images using hypothesized calibration parameters, and pretending the projected 2D locations are correct.
  • inventive embodiments are presented by way of example only and that, within the scope of the appended claims and equivalents thereto, inventive embodiments may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described and claimed.
  • inventive embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to each individual feature, system, article, material, kit, and/or method described herein.
  • any combination of two or more such features, systems, articles, materials, kits, and/or methods, if such features, systems, articles, materials, kits, and/or methods are not mutually inconsistent, is included within the inventive scope of the present disclosure.
  • the above-described embodiments can be implemented in any of numerous ways.
  • the embodiments may be implemented using hardware, software or a combination thereof.
  • the software code can be executed on any suitable processor or collection of processors, whether provided in a single computer or distributed among multiple computers.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Robotics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
  • Optical Radar Systems And Details Thereof (AREA)
  • Image Processing (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Optical Distance (AREA)
  • Testing Or Calibration Of Command Recording Devices (AREA)
PCT/US2014/027126 2013-03-15 2014-03-14 Methods, systems, and apparatus for multi-sensory stereo vision for robotics Ceased WO2014152254A2 (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2014239979A AU2014239979B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2014-03-14 Methods, systems, and apparatus for multi-sensory stereo vision for robotics
EP14770009.0A EP2972478B1 (en) 2013-03-15 2014-03-14 Methods, systems, and apparatus for multi-sensory stereo vision for robotics
KR1020157029111A KR101803164B1 (ko) 2013-03-15 2014-03-14 로봇 공학용 다중 감지 스테레오 비전 방법, 시스템 및 장치
CN201480022190.5A CN105164549B (zh) 2013-03-15 2014-03-14 用于机器人的多传感立体视觉的方法、系统和设备
JP2016502343A JP6514681B2 (ja) 2013-03-15 2014-03-14 ロボット用多重知覚ステレオ視のための方法、システム、および装置
US14/777,427 US10412368B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2014-03-14 Methods, systems, and apparatus for multi-sensory stereo vision for robotics
CA2902430A CA2902430C (en) 2013-03-15 2014-03-14 Methods, systems, and apparatus for multi-sensory stereo vision for robotics

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201361792468P 2013-03-15 2013-03-15
US61/792,468 2013-03-15

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WO2014152254A3 WO2014152254A3 (en) 2014-11-13

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EP (1) EP2972478B1 (enExample)
JP (1) JP6514681B2 (enExample)
KR (1) KR101803164B1 (enExample)
CN (1) CN105164549B (enExample)
AU (1) AU2014239979B2 (enExample)
CA (1) CA2902430C (enExample)
WO (1) WO2014152254A2 (enExample)

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US20160227193A1 (en) 2016-08-04
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WO2014152254A3 (en) 2014-11-13
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