WO2014142135A1 - マイクロニードルパッチ - Google Patents
マイクロニードルパッチ Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2014142135A1 WO2014142135A1 PCT/JP2014/056378 JP2014056378W WO2014142135A1 WO 2014142135 A1 WO2014142135 A1 WO 2014142135A1 JP 2014056378 W JP2014056378 W JP 2014056378W WO 2014142135 A1 WO2014142135 A1 WO 2014142135A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- drug
- layer
- recess
- microneedle patch
- resin
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M37/00—Other apparatus for introducing media into the body; Percutany, i.e. introducing medicines into the body by diffusion through the skin
- A61M37/0015—Other apparatus for introducing media into the body; Percutany, i.e. introducing medicines into the body by diffusion through the skin by using microneedles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
- A61K9/0019—Injectable compositions; Intramuscular, intravenous, arterial, subcutaneous administration; Compositions to be administered through the skin in an invasive manner
- A61K9/0021—Intradermal administration, e.g. through microneedle arrays, needleless injectors
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/70—Web, sheet or filament bases ; Films; Fibres of the matrix type containing drug
- A61K9/7023—Transdermal patches and similar drug-containing composite devices, e.g. cataplasms
- A61K9/703—Transdermal patches and similar drug-containing composite devices, e.g. cataplasms characterised by shape or structure; Details concerning release liner or backing; Refillable patches; User-activated patches
- A61K9/7092—Transdermal patches having multiple drug layers or reservoirs, e.g. for obtaining a specific release pattern, or for combining different drugs
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C45/0053—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor combined with a final operation, e.g. shaping
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C45/16—Making multilayered or multicoloured articles
- B29C45/1615—The materials being injected at different moulding stations
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M37/00—Other apparatus for introducing media into the body; Percutany, i.e. introducing medicines into the body by diffusion through the skin
- A61M37/0015—Other apparatus for introducing media into the body; Percutany, i.e. introducing medicines into the body by diffusion through the skin by using microneedles
- A61M2037/0023—Drug applicators using microneedles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M37/00—Other apparatus for introducing media into the body; Percutany, i.e. introducing medicines into the body by diffusion through the skin
- A61M37/0015—Other apparatus for introducing media into the body; Percutany, i.e. introducing medicines into the body by diffusion through the skin by using microneedles
- A61M2037/0046—Solid microneedles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M37/00—Other apparatus for introducing media into the body; Percutany, i.e. introducing medicines into the body by diffusion through the skin
- A61M37/0015—Other apparatus for introducing media into the body; Percutany, i.e. introducing medicines into the body by diffusion through the skin by using microneedles
- A61M2037/0053—Methods for producing microneedles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2101/00—Use of unspecified macromolecular compounds as moulding material
- B29K2101/12—Thermoplastic materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
- B29K2995/0037—Other properties
- B29K2995/0056—Biocompatible, e.g. biopolymers or bioelastomers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2009/00—Layered products
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/753—Medical equipment; Accessories therefor
Definitions
- microprotrusions distributed at several tens to several hundreds per square centimeter are provided, a drug is carried on the microprotrusions, and the microprotrusions are punctured onto the surface of the body skin, whereby the drug is removed from the skin
- the present invention relates to a microneedle patch to be administered and a method for producing the same.
- Patent Documents 1 to 8 and Non-Patent Document 1 As the prior art of a microneedle patch in which a drug is supported on this type of microprojection, for example, those described in Patent Documents 1 to 8 and Non-Patent Document 1 are known. These prior arts are different depending on the structure of the microprojections and how the drug is carried on the microprojections.
- Patent Document 1 relates to a method and an apparatus for manufacturing a microneedle patch, and several tens to several hundreds of inverted conical pores per block (one square centimeter) on a base of a silicone resin or a thermoplastic resin.
- a concentrated solution or mixture consisting of drugs, additives, or bases under pressure, pressed and dried while being pressed, peeled off with adhesive tape, from 100 to 500 microns in height and 100 to 500 microns in bottom diameter Conical protrusions are made to stand on the patch.
- one kind of drug is injected into each microprojection alone or as an admixture with an additive.
- an aqueous solution of a water-soluble polymer substance is filled in a mold cavity (recesses for forming microprojections), dried and solidified to form a solidified body of a microneedle sheet, and an adhesive layer is provided.
- the solidified body is fixed by a support sheet and a microneedle patch (microneedle patch) is prepared.
- the filling process is a two-step process is disclosed, an aqueous solution in which a functional substance (drug) is dissolved in the first filling process is filled, and an aqueous solution of a water-soluble polymer substance is filled in the second filling process.
- the microprotrusions have a two-layer structure so as to be filled. However, even in the technique of Patent Document 2, only one type of drug is carried on each microprotrusion.
- the microneedle sheet portion is formed of a water-soluble resin film in the technique of Patent Document 2, and the coagulation drying time is greatly shortened to reduce the manufacturing time and the manufacturing cost.
- the fact that there is only one kind of drug carried on the microprojections is the same as in Patent Document 2.
- a plurality of microprojections are formed by etching or punching from a thin sheet, and at least one beneficial agent and at least one water are disposed on at least a part of the microprojections.
- a coating comprising a biocompatible carrier that is soluble in water. In use, after the microprojections have penetrated the stratum corneum, the coating comes into contact with bodily fluids and the beneficial agent is absorbed into the skin tissue.
- US Pat. No. 6,057,059 is an immunization comprising a delivery system having a microprojection array comprising a number of microprojections adapted to perforate through the stratum corneum or into the underlying epidermis layer or into the epidermis and dermis layers.
- An apparatus and method for transdermal delivery of a pharmaceutically active substance wherein a microprojection array has multiple array regions, each array region having a different biocompatible coating exposed thereon. And the at least one array region coating comprises an immunologically active substance. That is, a different biocompatible coating is provided for each microprojection region, and a plurality of vaccines and the like can be supplied transcutaneously.
- the microneedle of the preparation 1 for body surface application is provided with two sections (two-layer structure) of a front end portion 5 and a rear end portion 6.
- the tip portion 5 is a section including the body surface insertion end 2 and holds a base-soluble target substance.
- the rear end portion 6 is a section including the pressing end 3 and is mainly composed only of the base material and does not hold the target substance.
- Patent Document 7 is a three-layer structure in which microneedles are divided into three sections.
- the front end and the rear end are layers of a water-soluble leaky polymer substance that is a base, and a vaccine antigen is arranged in the second layer.
- the cutting edge enters the dermis of the skin while dissolving, and the vaccine antigen is placed in the second part, so the vaccine antigen is efficiently delivered to the epidermis layer of the skin. be able to.
- the third layer is a water-soluble leaky polymer substance that is a base, and the vaccine antigen itself is not arranged. Therefore, even if the entire third layer does not enter the skin, vaccines, etc. There is no need to waste your antigens.
- Patent Document 8 is a microneedle array for a vaccine in which the antigen is one antigen selected from the group consisting of influenza hemagglutinin (HA) antigen, tetanus toxoid, diphtheria toxoid and recombinant HBs protein.
- HA hemagglutinin
- Patent Document 8 discloses an example of a mixed microneedle patch of tetanus and diphtheria and an example of a three-type mixed microneedle patch.
- a microneedle patch manufacturing method an aqueous solution added with a pharmaceutical ingredient is poured into a mold in which a microneedle shape is formed and dried, and then an aqueous substrate solution is poured into the mold to remove the entire patch product.
- a case where a drug is supported on a microneedle is also disclosed by an immersion method.
- Non-Patent Document 1 discloses a method in which a protrusion is formed on a polymer sheet using a water-soluble polymer, and a drug is applied to the protrusion with a micropipette. That is, no drug is encapsulated in the microneedle.
- the coating method includes a dipping method, a spraying method, a method of dripping a drug mixture or suspension from a plunger, and the like.
- a coating method it is very difficult and requires high precision to coat a plurality of drugs separately on a microprojection having a height of about 100 to 500 microns, and the manufacturing cost is greatly increased. There was a problem of rising.
- one microneedle is divided into a plurality of sections, and a plurality of drugs are injected into each of these layers.
- a plurality of drugs are injected into each of these layers.
- Patent Document 7 In the technique of Patent Document 7, one microneedle is divided into three sections and a drug is injected into the intermediate layer, and only one drug is administered with one microneedle patch. Therefore, when it is necessary to administer a plurality of drugs at the same time, such as a mixed vaccine, it is necessary to repeat the intake operation for the number of types of drugs, as in the case of Patent Documents 1 to 3.
- a drug such as a mixed vaccine
- a microneedle patch is manufactured by a method in which a drug is injected into a concave portion in the shape of a microneedle or a microneedle is dipped in a drug solution and coated.
- a drug is injected into a concave portion in the shape of a microneedle or a microneedle is dipped in a drug solution and coated.
- it In order to produce a microneedle patch of a mixed vaccine by such a method, it must be a solution in which a plurality of drugs are mixed with the drug solution itself. Therefore, when the drugs are mixed, there is a problem that the original activity of the drug is lowered, and there is a problem that each drug is limited to those that are mutually stable so that they do not undergo chemical changes.
- Non-Patent Document 1 since a drug is applied to the protrusions, there is a limit to the amount of drug that can be contained per protrusion, and a difference in the amount of drug for each protrusion is likely to occur. There was a problem.
- the present applicant has improved and removed the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, and it is difficult to manufacture the microneedle patch and requires high accuracy, and the time and mental burden on the patient and medical staff. It is an object of the present invention to provide a microneedle patch and a method for producing the same that can overcome all of the problems of increasing the number of drugs and the problems caused when a plurality of drugs are blended.
- the means adopted by the present invention to solve the above problems is a microneedle patch in which a large number of in vivo soluble microprotrusions carrying a drug are erected on a single support sheet.
- a biosoluble drug layer is formed at the tip, and an intermediate layer containing a polymer substance for adhering the drug layer to the support sheet is formed below the drug layer.
- the drug layer formed at the tip of the microprojection contains one type of drug in one microprojection, and a plurality of microprojections of different drugs are mixed in a single support sheet. Yes.
- the present invention (1) A microneedle patch in which a large number of in vivo soluble microprotrusions carrying a drug are erected on a single support sheet, and the microprotrusions are insoluble in the tip
- An intermediate layer containing a polymer substance for adhering the drug layer to the support sheet may be formed at the bottom of the drug layer, and the support sheet is formed below the drug layer.
- the drug layer formed at the distal end of each of the above is characterized in that one kind of drug is encapsulated in one microprojection, and a plurality of microprotrusions of different drugs are mixed in one support sheet.
- In vivo soluble microneedle patch (2) The microneedle patch according to (1), wherein an intermediate layer containing a polymer substance for adhering the drug layer to a support sheet is formed below the drug layer, (3) The drug in the drug layer is a mixture of different concentrations of the microneedle patch according to (1) or (2), (4) The microneedle patch according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein the amount of drug intake is changed by changing the arrangement pattern of different drugs and the distribution density thereof, (5) The microneedle patch according to any one of (1) to (4), wherein the content of the drug contained in one microprojection is 25 nanograms or more.
- a resin mold having a recess for forming a microprojection is manufactured using a mother die having a large number of microprojections standing up, and a drug is injected into the recess of the resin mold and dissolved in the living body at the tip of the recess.
- An adhesive drug layer may be formed by injecting a resin adhesive onto the drug layer in the recess, and fixing the drug layer or the resin layer on the support sheet.
- a method for producing a microneedle patch characterized in that a microneedle patch having minute protrusions is taken out from a resin mold on a support sheet, (8) A resin mold having a recess for forming a microprojection is manufactured using a mother die having a large number of microprojections standing up, and a drug is injected into the recess of the resin mold and dissolved in the living body at the tip of the recess.
- a resin mold having a recess for forming a microprotrusion is manufactured with a mother die having a large number of microprotrusions standing up, and one kind of drug is injected into the selected recess of the resin mold to produce the resin in the recess.
- a drug layer that is soluble in the body then select a recess different from the selected recess, inject different types of drugs, and repeat this operation multiple times to individually apply multiple types of drugs to each recess
- An in-vivo soluble drug layer may be formed, and a resin layer may be formed by injecting a resin adhesive onto the drug layer in each of the recesses, and the drug layer or the resin layer may be formed as a support sheet.
- a method for producing a microneedle patch wherein the microneedle patch is fixed to the top and the microneedle patch having minute protrusions on the support sheet is taken out from the resin mold, (10)
- a resin mold having a recess for forming a microprojection is manufactured using a mother die having a large number of microprojections standing up, and one kind of drug is injected into the selected recess of the resin mold to produce the resin in the recess.
- a resin mold having a recess for forming microprojections is manufactured using a matrix with a large number of microprotrusions standing up, and a drug is injected into the recess of the resin mold and dissolved in the tip of the recess in vivo.
- An adhesive drug layer is formed by injecting a resin adhesive onto the drug layer in the recess, and a support sheet is disposed on the surface of the resin layer.
- a method for producing a microneedle patch wherein a layer is fixed on a support sheet, and a microneedle patch comprising a drug layer, a resin layer, and a support sheet is taken out from a resin mold;
- a resin mold having a recess for forming microprojections is manufactured using the mother die, and one kind of drug is injected into the selected recess of the resin mold to form the tip of the recess, and then the selection Select different recesses from different recesses and choose different species
- the insoluble drug layer in which a plurality of types of drugs are individually encapsulated in each recess is formed by repeating this operation a plurality of times, and a resin adhesive is formed on the drug layer in each recess.
- a microneedle patch manufacturing method is provided, in which the microneedle patch is taken out.
- the microprotrusion penetrates through the stratum corneum of the skin and penetrates into the skin by piercing the microprotrusion side of the microneedle patch into the skin surface.
- the tip side of the microprotrusions is a biosoluble drug layer, the drug layer that has entered the skin is dissolved by the body fluid in the skin, and the drug contained in the drug layer is efficiently taken into the body. Will be.
- the microprotrusions in the present invention contain one kind of drug in one microprotrusion, and a plurality of microprotrusions of different drugs are mixed in a single support sheet. There is no problem. Therefore, when multiple drugs are taken at the same time, such as a mixed vaccine, a single sheet is attached to the skin surface and the microprojections are pierced into the skin. It is possible to significantly reduce the time and mental burden on patients and medical staff.
- the poorly water-soluble adjuvant is only soluble in an organic solvent, whereas the vaccine may be denatured by the organic solvent. It was difficult to produce a preparation in which two were mixed. However, according to the present invention, since the filling can be changed for each minute protrusion, such a problem can also be avoided.
- the “inner package” in the present invention indicates a state in which the protrusion is filled, and is different from a state in which the outer surface of the protrusion is coated. Since the microprojections of the present invention contain a drug, it is easy to adjust the amount of drug that can be contained per projection, and in particular, it is possible to administer a larger amount of drug compared to the case of coating. To do.
- the content may be 25 nanograms or more per microprotrusion, specifically 25 nanograms or more and 10 micrograms or less, preferably 30 nanograms or more and 10 micrograms or less, more preferably 50 nanograms. It is mentioned that they are nanogram or more and 2 micrograms or less.
- adheresive resin layer is synonymous with “intermediate layer containing polymer substance”, and “resin adhesive” forming “adhesive resin layer” is “intermediate containing polymer substance”
- layer can be mentioned.
- the case where the intermediate layer containing the polymer substance is not formed is included, but the “tip part of the microprojection” when the intermediate layer containing the polymer substance is not formed means the tip part and the lower end part of the microprojection. The total length of the microprojections including is shown.
- a drug layer is injected into the tip of the microprojections (total length of the microprojections), and there is an adhesive layer in contact with each microprojection, and a support sheet is adhered to the adhesive layer. Mention may be made of needle patches.
- the drugs contained in the drug layer formed at the tip of the microprotrusions may have different concentrations.
- the concentration of the drug is reduced, and the concentration of the drug is increased in the remaining area, particularly the central part, which is efficient.
- the concentration of the drug in the central part is decreased, the concentration of the drug in the peripheral part is increased, and a sufficient amount of the drug is ensured from the microprotrusions in the peripheral part, which is weak to the skin. It is also possible to do.
- the intake amount of each drug may be adjusted by changing the pattern in which the microprotrusions of the plurality of drugs are arranged, the size thereof, and the distribution density.
- the intake can be adjusted without changing the concentration of the drug itself, and the design can be easily performed.
- the arrangement pattern indicates symbols (company name, company emblem, product name, etc.), numbers (active ingredient content, etc.), letters (morning, noon, evening, etc.), etc.
- the arrangement pattern can be formed on the patch by using minute protrusions having a difference (color) visually.
- minute protrusions having a difference (color) visually.
- By creating the arrangement pattern it is possible to adjust the intake of the drug and to achieve the effect of preventing misuse.
- the size (region) occupied by a microprotrusion containing a drug in a microneedle patch different from the size (region) occupied by a microprotrusion containing another drug, the periphery and the center of the microneedle patch
- By adjusting the distribution density such as arranging different drugs for each part, it is possible to provide the patient with an appropriate dose of the drug.
- the distribution density here indicates the relative number of microprojections into which the drug layer of each drug is injected in the preparation of the present application containing a plurality of drugs.
- the distribution density can be adjusted, for example, in a microneedle patch having 100 microprojections, a preparation having 50 microprojections containing drug A and 50 microprojections containing drug B Can also be produced (adjusted), it can also be produced (adjusted) a preparation with 20 microprojections containing drug A and 80 microprojections containing drug B.
- Discard in this case means cutting of the corresponding part with scissors or cutting with a cutting line or the like produced at the time of manufacture.
- a resin mold having a concave portion for forming a microprojection is manufactured using a mother die in which a large number of microprojections are erected.
- a drug layer is formed at several tip portions of the recesses of the resin mold, and subsequently, a different type of drug layer is selected by selecting a recess different from the selected recess, and this operation is repeated a plurality of times.
- a drug layer in which a plurality of types of drugs are individually filled in the recesses is formed.
- an intermediate layer containing a polymer substance is formed on the drug layer in each of the recesses, a support sheet is disposed on the intermediate layer, and the intermediate layer containing the drug layer and the polymer substance is placed on the support sheet.
- the microneedle patch composed of the drug layer, the intermediate layer containing the polymer substance, and the support sheet is taken out from the resin mold.
- the intermediate layer is not formed, the microprotrusions are supported on the support sheet through the adhesive layer after the drug layer is formed in the above-described method. Whether the intermediate layer is formed or not, by removing the adhesive layer installation step, a microneedle patch in which the microprotrusions are directly fixed to the support sheet without the adhesive layer can be produced.
- microprojections can be formed only by forming an intermediate layer containing a drug layer and a polymer substance in selected recesses of a mold. Since it is not based on the conventional dipping method and coating method, it is easy to inject a drug into each microprotrusion, and it is easy to manufacture a microneedle patch.
- the injection of the drug may be a method of performing the injection operation for each drug according to the recess pattern selected for each drug and performing a plurality of times as a whole. It is also possible to connect injection nozzles corresponding to the concave pattern thus formed to the respective drug tanks and to inject all kinds of drugs into the respective concave parts in a single injection process.
- microneedle patch of the present invention a plurality of types of drugs can be arranged in one microneedle patch, and even when taking a mixed vaccine or the like, the time of the patient and medical staff And the mental burden can be greatly reduced.
- different types of drugs are individually carried on the respective microprojections, problems that occur when a plurality of drugs are blended can be improved.
- the manufacture of the microneedle patch is a method in which different types of drugs are injected into the recesses of the mold, and the manufacture is extremely simple, and there is no problem that a highly accurate and expensive device is required.
- FIG. 1 is a side view of a microneedle patch according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a perspective view which shows the example of the microprotrusion which concerns on one embodiment of this invention. It is process drawing which shows the manufacturing method of the microneedle patch which concerns on one embodiment of this invention. It is a top view which shows the arrangement pattern of the medicine after manufacture of the microneedle patch which concerns on Example 1 of this invention. It is process drawing which shows the manufacturing method of the microneedle patch which concerns on another embodiment of this invention. It is a top view which shows the arrangement pattern of the medicine after manufacture of the microneedle patch which concerns on Example 2 of this invention. It is process drawing which shows the manufacturing method of the microneedle patch which concerns on one embodiment of this invention.
- microneedle patch 1 the configuration of the microneedle patch 1 will be described with reference to FIG.
- fine protrusions 4 are fixed to a support sheet 2 via an adhesive layer 3.
- the microprotrusions 4 have a quadrangular pyramid shape as shown in FIG. 2 (A) or a tapered shape with a sharp tip such as a conical shape as shown in FIG. 2 (B), penetrating through the stratum corneum of the skin. It can penetrate into the skin.
- the microprotrusions 4 have a two-layer structure, a drug layer 5 containing a drug is formed at the tip, and an intermediate layer (adhesive resin layer) 6 containing a polymer substance is formed at the lower end. ing.
- the drug layer 5 formed at the tip of the microprojections is filled with one kind of drug for one microprojection 4, and the entire support sheet 2 is filled with different drugs. It arrange
- the intermediate layer 6 is not formed, the microprotrusions filled with the drug layer are fixed to the support sheet 2 via the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 3, or directly supported when the intermediate layer 6 and the adhesive layer 3 are not used. It is fixed to the sheet 2.
- a manufacturing method of the microneedle patch 1 will be described with reference to the process diagram of FIG. 3 based on an example in which two kinds of drugs are carried.
- a metal matrix 7 such as a steel material such as stainless steel or die steel, or copper or brass is prepared.
- protrusions 8 corresponding to the minute protrusions 4 of the microneedle patch 1 are formed.
- the thermoplastic resin 9 is pressed while being heated using the mother die 7 to mold the resin molding die 10 of the microneedle patch 1.
- thermoplastic resin styrene thermoplastic elastomer, olefin thermoplastic elastomer, polyester thermoplastic elastomer, polyethylene resin, polypropylene resin, polystyrene resin, vinyl chloride resin, and polyurethane resin are applicable.
- the resin molding die 10 is formed with a recess 11 for forming the minute protrusions 4.
- one drug A and a solution A containing a biosoluble polymer and / or other additives are injected into the selected recess 11.
- the injection amount may or may not satisfy the concave portion 11.
- “satisfied” means a case where the entire volume of the microprojections 4 is filled with the injection, and “not satisfied” means other than “satisfied” and injection. The case where it has a thing is shown. For example, “only the tip part” indicates that the length is about 1/10 to about 1/2 of the total length of the microprojections to be used. One case is when it is not satisfied.
- each solution After the injection of each solution A, B, and C, they are dried under a temperature and time environment to such an extent that the drug does not decompose and deteriorate in the process.
- Each solution can be dried using known drying methods such as air drying, vacuum drying, freeze drying, or combinations thereof.
- the temperature for drying each solution include ⁇ 40 ° C. to 60 ° C., preferably ⁇ 10 ° C. to 50 ° C., and more preferably 20 ° C. to 40 ° C.
- the time for drying each solution includes 1 hour to 72 hours, preferably 1 hour to 48 hours, and more preferably 1 hour to 24 hours. In the case where the intermediate layer 6 is not formed, the injection of the solution C is unnecessary, and after the injection of the solutions A and B, the above-described drying is performed and the following steps are performed.
- a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 3 made of double-sided pressure-sensitive adhesive tape is attached to the molding surface of the resin mold 10, and further a support sheet 2 is attached thereon, a drug layer 5, an intermediate layer 6 containing a polymer substance, and a support
- the entire sheet 2 may be peeled from the resin mold 10. Thereby, the microneedle patch 1 is formed.
- the support sheet 2 can be pasted after the intermediate layer 6 is formed.
- the support sheet 2 is injected after the solutions A and B are injected.
- the support sheet can be attached by performing the drying process, and any of them may be peeled off from the resin mold 10 as described above.
- each drug may be injected into an appropriate number of microprojections in consideration of the total number of recesses 11 that can be injected.
- the support sheet 2 examples include polyvinyl chloride, silicone rubber, thermoplastic elastomer, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polycarbonate, polystyrene, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyurethane, and other resin sheets, flexible papers, nonwoven fabrics, cloths, and the like. A foam can be applied.
- the size of the support sheet 2 is a square, round, or other shape that is about 1 cm square, which is convenient to use, but is not limited to this, and is applicable to the shoulder, arm, waist, back, etc. It is sufficient if the size matches the size of.
- the support sheet 2 may be formed of a hard material at the peripheral edge from the viewpoint of protecting the minute protrusions at the peripheral edge.
- the hard material at the periphery include polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polycarbonate, polystyrene, polytetrafluoroethylene, and polyurethane.
- the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 3 on the support sheet can use a commercially available double-sided pressure-sensitive adhesive tape.
- the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 3 may or may not be applied, but is preferably applied.
- the microprotrusions 4 are inserted into the skin from the pointed tip, and the drug is percutaneously administered into the body, as shown in FIGS. 2 (A) and 2 (B), as shown in FIGS. Although the shape is appropriate, other needle-like shapes may be used as long as the object of the present invention can be achieved.
- the microprotrusions have a height of 10 microns to 1000 microns, preferably 100 microns to 800 microns, more preferably 100 microns to 500 microns, and the base portion on the support sheet side of the microprotrusions has a length of one side or
- the diameter may be 10 to 500 microns, preferably 100 to 500 microns, more preferably 100 to 300 microns.
- the type of drug contained in the drug layer 5 at the tip of the microprotrusions 4 may be selected according to the purpose of use, and the number is not limited.
- tetanus toxoid diphtheria toxoid
- pertussis vaccine inactivated polio vaccine
- live polio vaccine diphtheria tetanus mixed toxoid
- pertussis diphtheria tetanus mixed vaccine H.
- influenzae type b Hib
- Hib hepatitis B Vaccine
- Hepatitis A vaccine Influenza HA vaccine
- Rabies vaccine Japanese encephalitis vaccine
- Weil disease autumn and dark mixed vaccine Streptococcus pneumoniae vaccine
- Human papillomavirus vaccine Mumps vaccine
- Chickenpox vaccine Wind shin vaccine
- Measles vaccine Measles vaccine
- Rotavirus vaccine Norovirus Examples include vaccines such as vaccines, RSV vaccines, and BCG vaccines.
- Substances having an effect of assisting the activity of the drug and an effect of regulating the immune system are also included in the drug of the present invention, and examples thereof include adjuvants generally used in the production of vaccine preparations, such as poorly water-soluble adjuvants and hydrophilic gels. An adjuvant or a water-soluble adjuvant can be mentioned.
- Examples of poorly water-soluble adjuvants include retinimide such as retinoic acid, imikimide, and Resquimod (R-848), 4-amino- ⁇ , ⁇ , 2-dimethyl-1H-imidazo [4,5-c] quinoline-1- ethanol (R-842 (made by 3M Pharmaceuticals, etc.); Journal of Leukocyte Biology (1995) 58: 365-372), 4-amino- ⁇ , ⁇ , 2-trimethyl-1H-imidazo [4,5-c] quinoline -1-ethanol (S-27609 (manufactured by 3M Pharmaceuticals, etc.); Journal of Leukocyte Biology (1995) 58: 365-372), and 4-amino-2-ethoxymethyl- ⁇ , ⁇ -dimethyl-1H-imidazo [4 , 5-c] quinoline-1-ethanol (S-28463 (manufactured by 3M Pharmaceuticals, etc.); Antivirulul Research (1995) 28: 253-264) and other imidazoquinolines, Loxoribine
- hydrophilic gel adjuvant examples include aluminum hydroxide and aluminum phosphate.
- water-soluble adjuvant examples include ⁇ -defensin, ⁇ -defensin, cathelicidin, sodium alginate, poly [di (carboxylatophenoxy) phosphazene], Quil A, polyethyleneimine and the like.
- Preferred adjuvants are hydrophilic gel adjuvants and water-soluble adjuvants.
- the hydrophilic gel adjuvant preferably, aluminum hydroxide and aluminum phosphate are used.
- the present invention includes a case where it is mixed with another drug and injected into the same microprojection.
- luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analog insulin, super fast acting insulin analog, long acting insulin analog, super long acting insulin analog, growth hormone, PEGylated human growth hormone analog, somatomedin C, Hormones such as natriuretic peptide, glucagon, follicle stimulating hormone, GLP-1 analog, parathyroid hormone analog, t-PA, glucocerebrosidase, ⁇ -galactosidase A, ⁇ -L-iduronidase, acid ⁇ -glucosidase, iduronic acid 2 Blood coagulation lines such as sulfatase, human N-acetylgalactosamine-4-sulfatase, urate oxidase, DNA-degrading enzymes, blood coagulation factor VIII, blood coagulation factor VII, blood coagulation factor IX, thrombomodulin Serum proteins such as soluble factors and albumin Interferons such as interferon
- the present invention has an excellent effect in such a case.
- a multi-mixed vaccine in which two or more types of vaccines are mixed, there is also a combination of vaccines with poor compounding properties.
- the Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine has poor compoundability with other vaccines or additives or adjuvants contained in other vaccines depending on the combination, and the antibody titer decreases.
- Preferred drug combinations are 2 to 6 selected from tetanus toxoid, diphtheria toxoid, pertussis vaccine, inactivated polio vaccine, H. influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine and hepatitis B vaccine, and preferred combinations are: Two types are a combination of tetanus toxoid and diphtheria toxoid, three are a combination of tetanus toxoid, diphtheria toxoid and pertussis vaccine, and four are a combination of tetanus toxoid, diphtheria toxoid, hundred Combination of cough vaccine and inactivated polio vaccine, if 5 types, combination of tetanus toxoid, diphtheria toxoid, pertussis vaccine, inactivated polio vaccine and H.
- influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine 6 types so Lever, a combination of tetanus toxoid, diphtheria toxoid, pertussis vaccine, inactivated polio vaccine, Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine and hepatitis B vaccine.
- the combination of drugs is selected from 2 to 6 types, more preferably 3 to 6 types.
- the content of the drug encapsulated in one microprojection is 25 nanograms or more, preferably 25 to 10000 nanograms, more preferably 50 to 5000 nanograms.
- the drug layer 5 at the tip of the microprojections 4 is for transdermally administering the drug into the body, the drug layer 5 needs to have in vivo solubility.
- the drug layer 5 is obtained by mixing the drug with a solution based on sugars, polymers and / or other additives.
- polymers examples include polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, carboxyvinyl polymer, polyacrylic acid polymer, polyethylene oxide, polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid, lactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer and the like, and salts thereof, or a mixture of two or more thereof. Is applicable.
- collagen, gelatin, serum albumin, polyglutamic acid and the like and salts thereof, or a mixture of two or more of these can be used.
- the drug layer 5 can be obtained by mixing with sodium chondroitin sulfate, hyaluronic acid or polyvinylpyrrolidone.
- drug layer 5 is obtained by mixing with sodium chondroitin sulfate, hyaluronic acid or polyvinylpyrrolidone.
- the solvent to be used is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include water, acetic acid, 1-butanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, ethanol, formic acid, tetrahydrofuran, acetone, dimethyl sulfoxide, diethyl ether and ethyl acetate, or a mixture thereof.
- water is used.
- the intermediate layer 6 containing a polymer substance for fixing the drug layer 5 to the support sheet 2 may be a substance that is soluble in the living body or a substance that is not soluble in the living body, or these It may be a mixture of Furthermore, other additives can be added.
- in-vivo soluble substances include saccharides such as chondroitin sulfate, hyaluronic acid, heparin, amylose, amylopectin, glycogen, cellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose phthalate, dextrin, cyclodextrin, dextran, Dextran sulfate, alginic acid, agarose, chitosan, pectin, glucomannan, pullulan, sucrose, lactose, trehalose, maltose, etc.
- saccharides such as chondroitin sulfate, hyaluronic acid, heparin, amylose, amylopectin, glycogen, cellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose phthalate, dextrin, cyclodextrin, dextran, Dextran sulfate, alginic acid
- polymers include polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, carboxyvinyl polymer, poly Acrylic acid polymer, polyethylene oxide, polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid, lactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer, etc. And salts thereof, or a mixture of two or more of these.
- substances that are not soluble in the living body include ethyl cellulose, methyl methacrylate / methacrylic acid copolymer, methyl acrylate / methacrylic acid copolymer, cellulose acetate phthalate, etc., or a mixture of two or more of these.
- collagen, gelatin, serum albumin, polyglutamic acid and the like and salts thereof, or a mixture of two or more of these can be used.
- the shape of the microneedle patch of the present invention a quadrangle or a circle is suitable, but other shapes may be used as long as the object of the present invention can be achieved.
- the size of the microneedle patch of the present invention is, for example, about 1 mm to about 50 mm, preferably about 5 mm to 30 mm, more preferably about 10 mm to 20 mm in the case of a square, and about 1 mm in the case of a circle. Handling is advantageous when it is from about 50 mm, preferably from about 5 mm to 30 mm, more preferably from about 10 mm to 20 mm.
- the microneedle patch of the present invention can be applied to mammals (eg, humans, monkeys, sheep, horses, dogs, cats, rabbits, rats, mice, etc.) for the purpose of treatment and prevention with the above drugs.
- mammals eg, humans, monkeys, sheep, horses, dogs, cats, rabbits, rats, mice, etc.
- the microneedle patch can be applied to any place as long as it is skin, and can also be used for a portion having unevenness.
- the dosage of the drug by the microneedle patch of the present invention varies depending on the degree of symptoms, age, sex, body weight, timing of administration, interval, type of active ingredient, etc. May be selected from a range in which is an effective amount.
- the microneedle patch of the present invention may be administered once a day or divided into 2 to 3 times a day.
- the microneedle patch of the present invention is useful for treatment and prevention with the drug.
- the drug is the above-mentioned vaccine, and an amount of vaccine antigen necessary for treatment and prevention in that case can be included in the microneedle patch of the present invention.
- the target disease when the drug is a vaccine and the amount of drug required in that case are described in the biologics standards published by the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare in Japan. It is described in the book.
- the amount of drug to be administered is generally used because it cannot be defined uniformly depending on the purpose of vaccination (initial dose, booster dose, etc.), mixed vaccine, or age, manufacturer, virus strain, type, etc.
- the amount of the drug is described as an example, but application to the present invention is not limited to this described amount.
- the microneedle patch of the present invention can be used in combination with other preparations such as oral preparations and injections.
- each microprojection contains each drug. Therefore, a desired plurality of drugs can be obtained without considering a decrease in activity due to mixing of drugs. Of drugs. The effect is exhibited particularly when the drug is a vaccine or the like. That is, since the microneedle patch of the present invention can administer a plurality of drugs at the same time, it is possible to greatly reduce the time and mental burden on the patient and medical staff.
- the release of the drug can be controlled, the therapeutic effective concentration can be maintained, and an effective treatment can be realized at a low dosage.
- the preparation of the present invention is a low toxicity and safe preparation that can be easily applied to the elderly and children.
- Example 1 This example is for a tetanus and diphtheria dual vaccine.
- a tetanus drug solution A is produced. 134.9 mg of chondroitin sulfate C sodium (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) and 0.1 mg of Evans Blue (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) were added to 776 ⁇ L of purified water and dissolved, and then 74 ⁇ L of tetanus toxoid concentrate (protein equivalent) 15 mg equivalent (manufactured by Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) was added and mixed with stirring to obtain a solution for tetanus toxoid filling (solution A).
- diphtheria drug solution B is produced. 134.9 mg of chondroitin sulfate C sodium (Wako Pure Chemical Industries) and 0.1 mg of Acid Red 52 (Wako Pure Chemical Industries) were added to 798 ⁇ L of purified water and dissolved, and diphtheria toxoid concentrate was added to 52 ⁇ L (protein equivalent) 15 wt mg equivalent amount) was added and mixed by stirring to obtain a diphtheria toxoid filling solution (solution B).
- a solution C containing a polymer substance is generated.
- 1200 mg of chondroitin sulfate C sodium (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) was added to 1800 ⁇ L of purified water and dissolved to obtain a 40 wt% chondroitin sulfate C sodium aqueous solution (solution C).
- Styrene-based thermoplastic elastomer sheet (RABARON (registered trademark), 1 mm thick, manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical) is cut to a size of approximately 2.5 cm x 2.5 cm, and is placed on a heated mold, with a press pressure of approximately 25 N for 30 seconds. Pressed. The sheet and the mold were cooled at room temperature for about 1 minute, and then the sheet was peeled off from the mold to obtain a microneedle resin mold having a quadrangular pyramid recess.
- the mold is set on the XY stage of the microneedle manufacturing apparatus, and the dispenser 1 (nozzle diameter: 0.075 mm) attached to the manufacturing apparatus is used to apply the solution A to the mold (recessed portion arrangement: 1 mm mm pitch ⁇ 10 rows).
- the dispenser 1 nozzle diameter: 0.075 mm
- the solution A was filled to the back of the recess.
- the solution B After filling with the solution A, the remaining 50 pieces not filled with the solution A in the recesses of the mold were filled with the solution B in the same manner. After discharge, air press was performed for 60 seconds with a pneumatic press, and the solution B was filled to the back of the recess. Next, using the dispenser 2 (nozzle diameter: 0.4 mm) attached to the manufacturing apparatus, the solution C is discharged onto each recess filled with the solution A or B, and then air-pressed for 30 minutes with a pneumatic press. The solution C was filled to the back of the recess.
- the mold was dried at room temperature for about 18 hours, and then the acrylic surface of a double-sided pressure-sensitive adhesive tape (No. 5302A, manufactured by Hatsuka Nitto Denko) was attached to the surface of the mold and peeled to collect the microneedles on the tape adhesive surface.
- the collected microneedles were bonded to the surface of a 15 mm square, 1 mm thick polypropylene sheet via a double-sided adhesive tape to obtain a microneedle patch holding 100 microneedles.
- FIG. 4 shows the distribution pattern of the drug solutions A and B of the microneedle patch obtained.
- FIG. 4 schematically shows the actually obtained microneedle patch confirmed with a microscope.
- microneedles containing tetanus toxoid colored blue with Evans blue and microneedles containing diphtheria toxoid colored red with Acid Red 52 are alternately arranged in a checkered pattern on the patch.
- Each microneedle had a quadrangular pyramid shape with a base length of 300 ⁇ m and a height of 500 ⁇ m, and had the same shape as the mold used.
- the antigen content per microneedle patch was 21 ⁇ g for tetanus toxoid and 24 ⁇ g for diphtheria toxoid.
- the obtained microneedle patch can be implemented as a dual vaccine of tetanus and diphtheria.
- Example 2 This example is for a tetanus and diphtheria dual vaccine.
- a tetanus drug solution A is produced. 134.9 mg of chondroitin sulfate sodium (manufactured by Maruha Nichiro Foods) and 0.1 mg of Evans Blue (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) were dissolved in 691 ⁇ L of purified water, and 159 ⁇ L of tetanus toxoid concentrate (corresponding to 15 mg protein equivalent) Tetanus toxoid filling solution (solution A) was obtained.
- chondroitin sulfate sodium manufactured by Maruha Nichiro Foods
- Evans Blue manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.
- diphtheria drug solution B is produced. 134.9 mg of polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries) and 0.1 mg of Acid Red 52 (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries) were added to 790 ⁇ L of purified water and dissolved, and 60 ⁇ L of diphtheria toxoid concentrate (15 in terms of protein) mg equivalent amount) was added and mixed by stirring to obtain a diphtheria toxoid filling solution (solution B).
- solution B diphtheria toxoid filling solution
- solution C containing a polymer substance is generated.
- 200 mg of chondroitin sulfate sodium manufactured by Maruha Nichiro Foods
- 800 ⁇ L of purified water was added to 800 ⁇ L of purified water and dissolved to obtain a 20 wt% sodium chondroitin sulfate aqueous solution (solution C).
- solution D containing a polymer substance is generated.
- 200 mg of polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) was added to 800 ⁇ L of purified water and dissolved to obtain a 20% by weight polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 aqueous solution (solution D).
- Styrene-based thermoplastic elastomer sheet (RABARON (registered trademark), 1 mm thick, manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical) is cut to a size of about 2.5 cm x 2.5 cm, placed on a heated mold, and pressed for 30 seconds with a press pressure of about 25 N did. The sheet and the mold were cooled at room temperature for about 1 minute, and then the sheet was peeled off from the mold to obtain a microneedle resin mold having a quadrangular pyramid recess.
- the dispenser 1 is used to discharge the solution D onto each recess filled with the solution B in the same manner, followed by air pressing with a pneumatic press for 30 minutes. Until filled.
- the mold was dried at room temperature for about 18 hours, and then the acrylic surface of a double-sided pressure-sensitive adhesive tape (No. 5302A, manufactured by Hatsuka Nitto Denko) was attached to the surface of the mold and peeled to collect the microneedles on the tape adhesive surface.
- the collected microneedles were bonded to the surface of a soft polyethylene sheet having a diameter of 18 mm and a thickness of 0.3 mm via a double-sided adhesive tape to obtain a microneedle patch holding 100 microneedles.
- FIG. 6 shows the distribution pattern of the drug solutions A and B of the microneedle patch obtained.
- FIG. 6 schematically shows an actually obtained microneedle patch confirmed with a microscope.
- microneedles containing tetanus toxoid colored blue with Evans blue and microneedles containing diphtheria toxoid colored red with Acid Red 52 are alternately arranged in a checkered pattern on the patch.
- Each microneedle had a quadrangular pyramid shape with a base length of 300 ⁇ m and a height of 500 ⁇ m, and had the same shape as the mold used.
- the antigen content per microneedle patch was 65 ⁇ g for tetanus toxoid and 39 ⁇ g for diphtheria toxoid.
- the obtained microneedle patch can be implemented as a dual vaccine of tetanus and diphtheria.
- Example 3 In this example, ovalbumin is used as a model antigen, and poly [di (carboxylatophenoxy) phosphazene] (PCPP) is used as an adjuvant in a microneedle patch encapsulated in separate microprojections.
- PCPP poly [di (carboxylatophenoxy) phosphazene]
- a drug solution B of PCPP is generated.
- 30mg of PCPP Sigma Aldrich
- 269.9 mg of chondroitin sulfate sodium manufactured by Maruha Nichiro Foods
- 0.1mg of Acid Red 52 manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries
- solution C containing a polymer substance is generated.
- 300 mg of chondroitin sulfate sodium manufactured by Maruha Nichiro Foods was added to 1200 ⁇ L of purified water and dissolved to obtain a 20 wt% aqueous chondroitin sulfate solution (solution C).
- Styrene-based thermoplastic elastomer sheet RABARON (registered trademark), 1 mm thick, manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical) is cut to a size of about 2.5 cm x 2.5 cm, placed on a heated mold, and pressed for 30 seconds with a press pressure of about 25 N did.
- the sheet and the mold were cooled at room temperature for about 1 minute, and then the sheet was peeled off from the mold to obtain a microneedle resin mold having a quadrangular pyramid recess.
- the solution B After filling with the solution A, the remaining 50 pieces not filled with the solution A in the recesses of the mold were filled with the solution B in the same manner. After discharge, air press was performed for 60 seconds with a pneumatic press, and the solution B was filled to the back of the recess. Next, the solution C was discharged onto each recess filled with the solution A or B using the dispenser 1, and then air-pressed with a pneumatic press for 30 minutes to fill the solution C to the back of the recess.
- the mold was dried at room temperature for about 18 hours, and then the acrylic surface of a double-sided pressure-sensitive adhesive tape (No. 5302A, manufactured by Hatsuka Nitto Denko) was attached to the surface of the mold and peeled to collect the microneedles on the tape adhesive surface.
- the collected microneedles were bonded to the surface of a soft polyethylene sheet having a diameter of 18 mm and a thickness of 0.3 mm via a double-sided adhesive tape to obtain a microneedle patch holding 100 microneedles.
- FIG. 8 shows the distribution pattern of the drug solutions A and B of the microneedle patch obtained.
- FIG. 8 schematically shows the actually obtained microneedle patch confirmed with a microscope.
- microneedles containing ovalbumin colored blue with Evans blue and microneedles containing PCPP colored red with acid red 52 are alternately arranged in a checkered pattern on the patch. I was able to confirm.
- Each microneedle had a quadrangular pyramid shape with a base length of 300 ⁇ m and a height of 500 ⁇ m, and had the same shape as the mold used.
- the drug content per microneedle patch was 73 ⁇ g for ovalbumin and 93 ⁇ g for PCPP.
- Example 4 This example is for a triple vaccine consisting of tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis.
- a tetanus drug solution A is produced. 134.9 mg of chondroitin sulfate sodium (manufactured by Maruha Nichiro Foods) and 0.1 mg of Evans Blue (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) were added to 759 ⁇ L of purified water and dissolved, and 91 ⁇ L of tetanus toxoid concentrate (corresponding to 15 mg protein equivalent) (Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) was added and stirred and mixed to obtain a solution for tetanus toxoid filling (solution A).
- diphtheria drug solution B is produced. 134.9 mg of chondroitin sulfate sodium (manufactured by Maruha Nichiro Foods) and 0.1 mg of Acid Red 52 (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) are added to 792 ⁇ L of purified water and dissolved, and 58 ⁇ L of diphtheria toxoid concentrate is 15 mg equivalent amount) was added and mixed by stirring to obtain a diphtheria toxoid filling solution (solution B).
- chondroitin sulfate sodium manufactured by Maruha Nichiro Foods
- Acid Red 52 manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.
- a perennial cough drug solution C is produced. 71.9mg chondroitin sulfate sodium (manufactured by Maruha Nichiro Foods) and 0.1mg tartrazine (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) are added to 189 ⁇ L of purified water and dissolved, and this is 531 ⁇ L of pertussis protective antigen concentrate (equivalent to 8mg in protein equivalent). The solution for pertussis defense antigen filling (solution C) was obtained.
- Styrene-based thermoplastic elastomer sheet RABARON (registered trademark), 1 mm thick, manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical) is cut to a size of about 2.5 cm x 2.5 cm, placed on a heated mold, and pressed for 30 seconds with a press pressure of about 25 N did. The sheet and the mold were cooled at room temperature for about 1 minute, and then the sheet was peeled off from the mold to obtain a microneedle resin mold having a quadrangular pyramid recess.
- the mold is set on the XY stage of the microneedle manufacturing apparatus, and the dispenser 1 (nozzle diameter: 0.075 mm) attached to the manufacturing apparatus is used to apply the solution A to the mold (recessed portion arrangement: 1 mm mm pitch ⁇ 10 rows).
- X10 rows 100) were discharged into 10 of each recess. After discharging, air pressing was performed with a pneumatic press for 60 seconds, and the solution A was filled to the back of the recess.
- solution B was filled in the remaining 30 of the recesses of the mold that were not filled with solution A in the same manner.
- air press was performed for 60 seconds with a pneumatic press, and the solution B was filled to the back of the recess.
- the solution B was filled, the remaining 60 not filled with the solution A and the solution B among the concave portions of the mold were filled with the solution C in the same manner.
- air pressing was performed for 60 seconds with a pneumatic press, and the solution C was filled to the back of the recess.
- the mold was dried at room temperature for about 18 hours, and then the acrylic surface of a double-sided pressure-sensitive adhesive tape (No. 5302A, manufactured by Hatsuka Nitto Denko) was attached to the surface of the mold and peeled to collect the microneedles on the tape adhesive surface.
- the collected microneedles were bonded to the surface of a soft polyethylene sheet having a diameter of 18 mm and a thickness of 0.3 mm via a double-sided adhesive tape to obtain a microneedle patch holding 100 microneedles.
- FIG. 10 shows the distribution pattern of the drug solutions A, B, and C of the obtained microneedle patch.
- FIG. 10 schematically shows the actually obtained microneedle patch confirmed with a microscope. In the actual micrograph, the microneedle containing tetanus toxoid colored blue with Evans blue on the patch, the microneedle containing diphtheria toxoid colored red with Acid Red 52, and 100 colored yellow with tartrazine. It was confirmed that the microneedles containing the sun protection antigen were lined up. Each microneedle had a quadrangular pyramid shape with a base length of 300 ⁇ m and a height of 500 ⁇ m, and had the same shape as the mold used. The antigen content per microneedle patch was 25 ⁇ g for tetanus toxoid, 54 ⁇ g for diphtheria toxoid, and 84 ⁇ g for pertussis protective antigen.
- Test Example 1 In order to confirm the effectiveness of the microneedle patch of the present invention as a mixed vaccine intradermal administration device, an immune response induced by using tetanus toxoid, diphtheria toxoid and pertussis protective antigen as an antigen was evaluated using mice.
- the microneedle patch obtained in Example 4 was applied 4 times every 14 days in such a manner that one piece was applied to the back skin of a BALB / c mouse (female, 8 weeks old) at a time for 5 hours.
- FIGS. 11 (a), (b) and (c) Changes in tetanus toxoid, diphtheria toxoid and pertussis protective antigen-specific IgG antibody titers in each administration group are shown in FIGS. 11 (a), (b) and (c).
- each antigen-specific IgG antibody titer markedly increased after 28 days compared with 14 days after administration, and a booster effect was observed. This result shows that by applying the microneedle patch of the present invention to the skin, an immune response comparable to that obtained by subcutaneous injection of an existing triple vaccine can be induced.
- Example 5 This example is for a triple vaccine consisting of tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis.
- a tetanus drug solution A is produced. 34.9 mg sodium chondroitin sulfate (manufactured by Maruha Nichiro Foods) and 0.1 mg Evans Blue (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) were added to 193 ⁇ L of purified water and dissolved, and 91 ⁇ L of tetanus toxoid concentrate (corresponding to 15 mg protein equivalent) (Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) was added and stirred and mixed to obtain a solution for tetanus toxoid filling (solution A).
- diphtheria drug solution B is produced. 34.9 mg sodium chondroitin sulfate (manufactured by Maruha Nichiro Foods) and 0.1 mg acid red 52 (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) are added to 226 ⁇ L of purified water and dissolved, and 58 ⁇ L of diphtheria toxoid concentrate is equivalent to 15 mg protein equivalent ) And mixed with stirring to obtain a diphtheria toxoid filling solution (solution B).
- sodium chondroitin sulfate manufactured by Maruha Nichiro Foods
- acid red 52 manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.
- a perennial cough drug solution C is produced. 18.6 mg of chondroitin sulfate sodium (manufactured by Maruha Nichiro Foods) and 0.1 mg of tartrazine (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) are dissolved in 129 ⁇ L of purified water, and this is 476 ⁇ L of pertussis protective antigen concentrate (equivalent to 8 mg protein equivalent) The solution for pertussis defense antigen filling (solution C) was obtained.
- solution D containing a polymer substance is generated.
- 150 mg of chondroitin sulfate sodium manufactured by Maruha Nichiro Foods was added to 850 ⁇ L of purified water and dissolved to obtain a 15 wt% aqueous chondroitin sulfate solution (solution D).
- Styrene-based thermoplastic elastomer sheet RABARON (registered trademark), 1 mm thick, manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical
- the sheet and the mold were cooled at room temperature for about 1 minute, and then the sheet was peeled off from the mold to obtain a microneedle resin mold having a quadrangular pyramid recess.
- the mold is set on the XY stage of the microneedle manufacturing apparatus, and the dispenser 1 (nozzle diameter: 0.075 mm) attached to the manufacturing apparatus is used to apply the solution A to the mold (recessed portion arrangement: 1 mm pitch ⁇ 10 rows ⁇ 10 rows were discharged into 10 of each recess. After discharging, air pressing was performed with a pneumatic press for 60 seconds, and the solution A was filled to the back of the recess.
- solution B was filled in the remaining 30 of the recesses of the mold that were not filled with solution A in the same manner.
- air press was performed for 60 seconds with a pneumatic press, and the solution B was filled to the back of the recess.
- the solution B was filled, the remaining 60 not filled with the solution A and the solution B among the concave portions of the mold were filled with the solution C in the same manner.
- air pressing was performed for 60 seconds with a pneumatic press, and the solution C was filled to the back of the recess.
- the solution D was discharged onto each recess filled with the solution A, B or C using the dispenser 1, air pressing was performed for 30 minutes with a pneumatic press, and the solution D was filled to the back of the recess. .
- the mold was dried at room temperature for about 18 hours, and then the acrylic surface of a double-sided pressure-sensitive adhesive tape (No. 5302A, manufactured by Hatsuka Nitto Denko) was attached to the surface of the mold and peeled to collect the microneedles on the tape adhesive surface.
- the collected microneedles were bonded to the surface of a soft polyethylene sheet having a diameter of 18 mm and a thickness of 0.3 mm through a double-sided adhesive tape to obtain a microneedle patch holding 100 microneedles.
- FIG. 13 shows the distribution pattern of the drug solutions A, B, and C of the obtained microneedle patch.
- FIG. 13 schematically shows the actually obtained microneedle patch confirmed with a microscope.
- the microneedle containing tetanus toxoid colored blue with Evans blue on the patch the microneedle containing diphtheria toxoid colored red with Acid Red 52, and 100 colored yellow with tartrazine. It was confirmed that the microneedles containing the sun protection antigen were lined up.
- Each microneedle had a quadrangular pyramid shape with a base length of 300 ⁇ m and a height of 500 ⁇ m, and had the same shape as the mold used.
- the antigen content per microneedle patch was 18 ⁇ g for tetanus toxoid, 32 ⁇ g for diphtheria toxoid, and 93 ⁇ g for pertussis protective antigen.
- the obtained microneedle patch can be implemented as a triple vaccine of tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis.
- the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and appropriate modifications are possible.
- the present invention in addition to the tetanus and diphtheria dual vaccine and the tetanus, pertussis and diphtheria triple vaccine, the measles and rubella dual vaccine, and the tetanus, pertussis, diphtheria, and inactivated polio
- the present invention can be applied to vaccines, and other various mixed vaccines.
- Example 3 Solution containing the drug of tetanus (Example 1, Example 2, Example 4, Example 5), solution containing ovalbumin drug (Example 3)
- B Solutions containing diphtheria drug (Example 1, Example 2, Example 4, Example 5), adjuvant (Example 3)
- C Solutions containing polymer substances (Examples 1, 2 and 3), solutions containing pertussis drugs (Examples 4 and 5)
- D Solution containing polymer substance (Example 5)
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Abstract
Description
この特許文献1の技術は、各微小突起に一種類の薬物が単独又は添加物を加えた混和物として注入されている。
しかしながら、この特許文献2の技術の場合も、各微小突起に担持される薬物は一種類だけである。
微小突起に担持される薬物が一種類であることは、前記特許文献2の場合と同じである。
つまり、微少突起の領域ごとに異なる生体適合性のコーティングを設け、複数のワクチン等を経皮的に供給可能としている。
なお、特許文献6には、マイクロニードルを2以上の多層とし、中間の複数層に異なる薬物を担持させる技術が開示されている。
マイクロニードルパッチの製造方法としては、マイクロニードルの形状が形成された型に、医薬成分を添加した水溶液を流し込んで乾燥させ、その後、基板水溶液を流し込んで全体を剥離し、パッチ製品を取り出している。また浸漬法によってもマイクロニードルに薬物を担持させる場合が開示されている。
しかも、コーティングの方法は、浸漬法やスプレーによる吹き付け方法、薬物の混合液又は懸濁液をプランジャーから滴下させる方法等である。このようなコーティング方法において、100~500ミクロン程度の高さを有する微小突起に対して複数の薬物を領域ごとに塗り分けることは非常に困難且つ高精度を要するものであり、製造コストが大幅に上昇するという問題があった。
このような注入方法では、配合性不良の観点から各薬物どうしを混合した場合に、薬物本来の活性が低下するという問題と、各薬物が化学変化をしないような相互に安定性のあるものに限定されるという問題があった。
すなわち、本発明は、
(1)薬物を担持してなる多数の生体内溶解性の微小突起を一枚の支持シート上に立設してなるマイクロニードルパッチであって、微小突起は先端部に生体内溶解性の薬物層が形成され、その薬物層の下部に前記薬物層を支持シートへ接着させるための高分子物質を含む中間層が形成されていてもよく、その下部に支持シートが形成されており、微小突起の先端部に形成された薬物層は、一つの微小突起に一種類の薬物が内包されており、一枚の支持シートにおいて複数の異なる薬物の微小突起を混在させるようにしたことを特徴とする生体内溶解性のマイクロニードルパッチ、
(2)薬物層の下部に前記薬物層を支持シートへ接着させるための高分子物質を含む中間層が形成されている(1)に記載のマイクロニードルパッチ、
(3)薬物層の薬物は、その濃度が異なるものが混在している(1)又は(2)に記載のマイクロニードルパッチ、
(4)異なる薬物の配置パターン及びその分布密度を変更することで、薬物の摂取量を変更するようにした(1)ないし(3)のいずれかに記載のマイクロニードルパッチ、
(5)1つの微少突起に内包される薬物の含有量が25ナノグラム以上である(1)ないし(4)のいずれかに記載のマイクロニードルパッチ、
(6)薬物が3ないし6種類のワクチンである(1)又は(2)に記載のマイクロニードルパッチ、
(7)微小突起が多数立設された母型で微小突起形成用の凹部を備えた樹脂成形型を製作し、当該樹脂成形型の凹部に薬物を注入して凹部の先端部に生体内溶解性の薬物層を形成し、続いて前記凹部の薬物層の上へ樹脂接着剤を注入して接着用の樹脂層を形成させてもよく、前記薬物層又は樹脂層を支持シート上へ固着し、樹脂成形型から支持シート上に微少突起を備えたマイクロニードルパッチを取り出すことを特徴とするマイクロニードルパッチの製造方法、
(8)微小突起が多数立設された母型で微小突起形成用の凹部を備えた樹脂成形型を製作し、当該樹脂成形型の凹部に薬物を注入して凹部の先端部に生体内溶解性の薬物層を形成し、続いて前記凹部の薬物層の上へ樹脂接着剤を注入して接着用の樹脂層を形成させ、前記薬物層及び樹脂層を支持シート上へ固着し、樹脂成形型から支持シート上に微少突起を備えたマイクロニードルパッチを取り出すことを特徴とする(7)に記載の製造方法、
(9)微小突起が多数立設された母型で微小突起形成用の凹部を備えた樹脂成形型を製作し、当該樹脂成形型の選択した凹部に一種類の薬物を注入して凹部に生体内溶解性の薬物層を形成し、続いて前記選択した凹部とは異なる凹部を選択して異なる種類の薬物を注入し、この作業を複数回繰り返すことで複数種類の薬物を各凹部へ個別に内包した生体内溶解性の薬物層を形成し、前記各凹部の薬物層の上へ樹脂接着剤を注入して接着用の樹脂層を形成させてもよく、前記薬物層又は樹脂層を支持シート上へ固着し、樹脂成形型から支持シート上に微少突起を備えたマイクロニードルパッチを取り出すことを特徴とするマイクロニードルパッチの製造方法、
(10)微小突起が多数立設された母型で微小突起形成用の凹部を備えた樹脂成形型を製作し、当該樹脂成形型の選択した凹部に一種類の薬物を注入して凹部に生体内溶解性の薬物層を形成し、続いて前記選択した凹部とは異なる凹部を選択して異なる種類の薬物を注入し、この作業を複数回繰り返すことで複数種類の薬物を各凹部へ個別に内包した生体内溶解性の薬物層を形成し、前記各凹部の薬物層の上へ樹脂接着剤を注入して接着用の樹脂層を形成させ、前記薬物層及び樹脂層を支持シート上へ固着し、樹脂成形型から支持シート上に微少突起を備えたマイクロニードルパッチを取り出すことを特徴とする(9)に記載の製造方法、
(11)薬物を担持してなる多数の生体内溶解性の微小突起を一枚の支持シート上に立設してなるマイクロニードルパッチであって、微小突起は先端部に生体内溶解性の薬物層が形成され、その下部に前記薬物層を支持シートへ接着させるための高分子物質を含む中間層が形成されており、微小突起の先端部に形成された薬物層は、一つの微小突起に一種類の薬物が内包されており、一枚の支持シートにおいて複数の異なる薬物の微小突起を混在させるようにしたことを特徴とする生体内溶解性のマイクロニードルパッチ、
(12)微小突起が多数立設された母型で微小突起形成用の凹部を備えた樹脂成形型を製作し、当該樹脂成形型の凹部に薬物を注入して凹部の先端部に生体内溶解性の薬物層を形成し、続いて前記凹部の薬物層の上へ樹脂接着剤を注入して接着用の樹脂層を形成し、前記樹脂層の表面に支持シートを配置して薬物層及び樹脂層を支持シート上へ固着し、樹脂成形型から薬物層、樹脂層及び支持シートからなるマイクロニードルパッチを取り出すことを特徴とするマイクロニードルパッチの製造方法、及び
(13)微小突起が多数立設された母型で微小突起形成用の凹部を備えた樹脂成形型を製作し、当該樹脂成形型の選択した凹部に一種類の薬物を注入して凹部の先端部を形成し、続いて前記選択した凹部とは異なる凹部を選択して異なる種類の薬物を注入し、この作業を複数回繰り返すことで複数種類の薬物を各凹部へ個別に内包した生体内溶解性の薬物層を形成し、前記各凹部の薬物層の上へ樹脂接着剤を注入して接着用の樹脂層を形成し、前記樹脂層の表面に支持シートを配置して薬物層及び樹脂層を支持シート上へ固着し、樹脂成形型から薬物層、樹脂層および支持シートからなるマイクロニードルパッチを取り出すことを特徴とするマイクロニードルパッチの製造方法を提供する。
本発明における「接着用の樹脂層」とは「高分子物質を含む中間層」と同義であり、「接着用の樹脂層」を形成する「樹脂接着剤」としては「高分子物質を含む中間層」と同じものを挙げることができる。本発明においては、高分子物質を含む中間層が形成されない場合も含まれるが、高分子物質を含む中間層が形成されない場合の「微少突起の先端部」とは微少突起の先端部および下端部を含む、微少突起全長を示す。当該場合の例示としては、微少突起の先端部(微少突起全長)に薬物層が注入され、その各微少突起と接するように粘着剤層があり、その粘着剤層に支持シートが接着されるマイクロニードルパッチを挙げることができる。
また濃度の変更は、薬物の濃度の異なる微小突起を組み合わせることにより、薬物の放出速度をコントロールする場合等に実施することが考えられる。
このように、薬物の濃度を微小突起1本1本(微小突起毎)に異なる濃度とさせることが可能である。
また、マイクロニードルパッチにおいてある薬物を含む微小突起が占める大きさ(領域)を別の薬物を含む微小突起が占める大きさ(領域)と異ならせることにより、また、マイクロニードルパッチの周縁部と中心部とで異なる薬物を配置する等の分布密度を調整することで、薬物の適切な投与量を患者に提供することが可能になる。
ここでの分布密度とは、複数の薬物を含有する本願製剤において、各薬物の薬物層が注入される微小突起の相対的な本数を示す。言い換えれば、全微小突起数のうち各薬物が各々どれぐらいの本数の微小突起に含有されているかを示す。分布密度を調整することができるとは、例えば、微小突起を100本有するマイクロニードルパッチにおいて、薬物Aを含有する微小突起が50本であり、薬物Bを含有する微小突起が50本である製剤も製造(調整)できれば、薬物Aを含有する微小突起が20本であり、薬物Bを含有する微小突起が80本である製剤も製造(調整)できることを示す。
このように本願が達成する効果としては、各々の患者の個別の投薬方法として、ある薬物の投与が不要の患者に対しては当該薬物を内包する微少突起箇所を破棄することができる点も挙げられる。この場合の「破棄」とは、該当部分のハサミでの切り取りや製造時に作製された切り取り線等による切り取りを意味する。
先ず、微小突起が多数立設された母型で微小突起形成用の凹部を備えた樹脂成形型を製作する。そして、当該樹脂成形型の凹部のいくつかの先端部に薬物層を形成させ、続いて前記選択した凹部とは異なる凹部を選択して異なる種類の薬物層を形成させ、この作業を複数回繰り返すことで複数種類の薬物を各凹部へ個別に充填した薬物層を形成させる。次に、前記各凹部の薬物層の上へ高分子物質を含む中間層を形成し、当該中間層に支持シートを配置して薬物層および高分子物質を含む中間層を支持シート上へ粘着剤層を介して固着し、樹脂成形型から薬物層、高分子物質を含む中間層および支持シートで構成されたマイクロニードルパッチを取り出す。
中間層が形成されない場合は、前述の方法において、薬物層が形成された後微小突起は支持シートに接着剤層を介して支持されることになる。中間層が形成される場合もされない場合においても、接着剤層の設置工程を除くことで、微小突起は接着剤層を介さず直接支持シートに固着されたマイクロニードルパッチを製造することができる。
また薬物の注入は、前述したとおり、薬物ごとに選択した凹部のパターンに応じてそれぞれの薬物ごとに注入作業を行い、全体で複数回行う方法であってもよいが、これとは別に、選択した凹部のパターンに対応する注入ノズルをそれぞれの薬物タンクへ接続し、一回の注入工程で全ての種類の薬物を各凹部へ注入することも可能である。
先ず、図1を参照してマイクロニードルパッチ1の構成について説明する。マイクロニードルパッチ1は、支持シート2に粘着剤層3を介して微小突起4が固着されている。微小突起4は、図2(A)に示すように四角錐形状や図2(B)に示すように円錐形状等の先端部が尖った先細り形状を有し、皮膚の角質層を貫通して皮膚内へ侵入できるようになっている。また微小突起4は、2層構造を呈しており、先端部には薬物を含む薬物層5が形成され、その下端部に高分子物質を含む中間層(接着用の樹脂層)6が形成されている。
ここにおいて、微小突起の先端部に形成された薬物層5は、一つの微小突起4について一種類の薬物が充填されており、一枚の支持シート2の全体ではそれぞれに異なる薬物が充填された微小突起4が混在するように配置されている。
中間層6が形成されない場合、薬物層で満たされた微小突起は、粘着剤層3を介して支持シート2に固着される、又は、中間層6及び接着剤層3を用いない場合は直接支持シート2に固着されることになる。
続いて異なる薬物B、及び生体内溶解性の高分子及び/又はその他添加剤を含む溶液Bを残りの異なる凹部11へ注入する。この場合の注入量も前記薬物Aの溶液の場合と同様に、適宜選択することができる。次に、薬物Aと薬物Bをそれぞれ含む溶液とが注入された全ての凹部11に、高分子物質を含む中間層6を形成するための溶液Cを注入する。
各溶液A、BおよびCの注入後は、薬物が工程中で分解変質しない程度の温度及び時間的環境の下でこれらを乾燥させる。各溶液の乾燥は、風乾、真空乾燥、凍結乾燥またはそれらの組み合わせのような既知の乾燥方法を利用して乾燥することができる。
各溶液を乾燥させるための温度としては、-40℃~60℃が挙げられ、好ましくは-10℃~50℃であり、より好ましくは20℃~40℃である。
各溶液を乾燥させるための時間としては、1時間~72時間が挙げられ、好ましくは1時間~48時間であり、より好ましくは1時間~24時間である。
中間層6が形成されない場合は、溶液Cの注入が不要であり、溶液A及びBの注入後、前記の乾燥を行い、以下に続く工程を行うこととなる。
粘着剤層3が形成されない場合は、中間層6の成形後に支持シート2を貼り付けることができ、粘着剤層3及び中間層6が形成されない場合は、溶液A及びBの注入後に支持シート2を設置し、乾燥の工程を行うことで支持シートを貼り付けることができ、いずれもその後は前記のように樹脂成形型10から剥離すればよい。
二種以上の薬物を担持させる場合、注入できる凹部11の全数を考慮し、各薬物を適切な数の微小突起に注入すればよい。
なお、支持シート2は、周縁部の微小突起を保護する観点から周縁部を固い材料で形成するようにしてもよい。
周縁部の固い材料としては、ポリ塩化ビニル、ポリプロピレン、ポリエチレン、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリカーボネート、ポリスチレン、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン、ポリウレタンなどが挙げられる。
但し、当該アジュバントに関しては、他の薬物と混合され同一の微小突起に注入される場合も本願発明では含まれるものとする。
例えば二種類以上のワクチンが混合された多混ワクチンの開発において、配合性の悪い組み合わせのワクチンも存在する。例えば、インフルエンザ菌b型(Hib)ワクチンは組み合わせによっては他のワクチンもしくは他のワクチンに含まれる添加剤やアジュバントとの配合性が悪く、抗体力価が低下することが知られている。好ましい薬物の組み合わせは、破傷風トキソイド、ジフテリアトキソイド、百日せきワクチン、不活化ポリオワクチン、インフルエンザ菌b型(Hib)ワクチン及びB型肝炎ワクチンから選択される2ないし6種類であり、好ましい組み合わせは、2種類であれば、破傷風トキソイド及びジフテリアトキソイドの組み合わせであり、3種類であれば、破傷風トキソイド、ジフテリアトキソイド及び百日せきワクチンの組み合わせであり、4種類であれば、破傷風トキソイド、ジフテリアトキソイド、百日せきワクチン及び不活化ポリオワクチンの組み合わせであり、5種類であれば、破傷風トキソイド、ジフテリアトキソイド、百日せきワクチン、不活化ポリオワクチン及びインフルエンザ菌b型(Hib)ワクチンの組み合わせであり、6種類であれば、破傷風トキソイド、ジフテリアトキソイド、百日せきワクチン、不活化ポリオワクチン、インフルエンザ菌b型(Hib)ワクチン及びB型肝炎ワクチンの組み合わせである。薬物の組み合わせは、2ないし6種類から選択されるが、より好ましくは3ないし6種類である。
1つの微小突起に内包される薬物の含有量としては、25ナノグラム以上であり、好ましくは25~10000ナノグラムであり、より好ましくは50~5000ナノグラムである。
ポリマー類としては、ポリビニルピロリドン、ポリビニルアルコール、カルボキシビニルポリマー、ポリアクリル酸系ポリマー、ポリエチレンオキシド、ポリ乳酸、ポリグリコール酸、乳酸-グリコール酸コポリマー等およびこれらの塩、またはこれらの2種以上の混合物が適用可能である。
その他添加物としては、コラーゲン、ゼラチン、血清アルブミン、ポリグルタミン酸等およびこれらの塩、またはこれらの2種以上の混合物が適用可能である。
例えば、前記した2ないし6種類の薬物を組み合わせる場合において、コンドロイチン硫酸ナトリウム、ヒアルロン酸またはポリビニルピロリドンと混合することで薬物層5が得られる。より具体的には、薬物として、破傷風トキソイド、ジフテリアトキソイド及び百日せきワクチンの3種類を選択した場合には、コンドロイチン硫酸ナトリウム、ヒアルロン酸またはポリビニルピロリドンと混合することで薬物層5が得られる。
使用する溶媒としては、特に限定されないが、水、酢酸、1-ブタノール、1-プロパノール、2-プロパノール、エタノール、ギ酸、テトラヒドロフラン、アセトン、ジメチルスルホキシド、ジエチルエーテル及び酢酸エチル、又はこれらの混合物が挙げられ、好ましくは、水が挙げられる。
生体内溶解性物質の例を挙げると、糖類としては、コンドロイチン硫酸、ヒアルロン酸、ヘパリン、アミロース、アミロペクチン、グリコーゲン、セルロース、カルボキシメチルセルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロースフタレート、デキストリン、シクロデキストリン、デキストラン、デキストラン硫酸、アルギン酸、アガロース、キトサン、ペクチン、グルコマンナン、プルラン、スクロース、ラクトース、トレハロース、マルトース等およびこれらの塩が適用可能であり、ポリマー類としては、ポリビニルピロリドン、ポリビニルアルコール、カルボキシビニルポリマー、ポリアクリル酸系ポリマー、ポリエチレンオキシド、ポリ乳酸、ポリグリコール酸、乳酸-グリコール酸コポリマー等およびこれらの塩、またはこれらの2種以上の混合物が適用可能である。
生体内溶解性でない物質の例を挙げると、エチルセルロース、メチルメタクリレート・メタクリル酸共重合体、メチルアクリレート・メタクリル酸共重合体、セルロースアセテートフタレート等、またはこれらの2種以上の混合物が適用可能である。
その他添加物としては、コラーゲン、ゼラチン、血清アルブミン、ポリグルタミン酸等およびこれらの塩、またはこれらの2種以上の混合物が適用可能である。
本発明のマイクロニードルパッチの大きさとしては、例えば、四角形の場合は一辺を約1mm~約50mm、好ましくは約5mm~30mm、より好ましくは約10mm~20mmに、円形の場合は直径を約1mm~約50mm、好ましくは約5mm~30mm、より好ましくは約10mm~20mmにすると、取り扱いが有利である。
本発明のマイクロニードルパッチの使用方法としては、皮膚であればいずれの場所にも適用することができ、凹凸を有す部位にも使用することができる。
また、本発明のマイクロニードルパッチによる薬物の投与量は、症状の程度、投与対象の年齢、性別、体重、投与の時期、間隔、有効成分の種類などによって異なるが、医薬活性成分としての投与量が有効量となる範囲から選択すればよい。また、本発明のマイクロニードルパッチは、1日1回または2~3回に分けて投与してもよい。
本発明のマイクロニードルパッチは、前記薬物による治療及び予防等に有用である。
本発明のマイクロニードルパッチのうち、薬物が前記ワクチンの場合は特に有用であり、その場合の治療及び予防に必要な量のワクチン抗原を本発明マイクロニードルパッチに含ませることができる。
薬物がワクチンである場合の対象疾患とその場合に必要な薬物量は、日本であれば厚生労働省より公示されている生物学的製剤基準に記載されており、日本国外では各国のそれに順ずる公定書などに記載されている。投与する薬物量は、ワクチン接種目的(初回、追加接種など)、混合ワクチンであるかないか、接種患者の年齢、製造業者、ウイルス株、型などによって一律には定義できないため、一般的に使用されている薬物量を一例として記載するが、本発明への適用はこの記載量に限るものではない。例えば、(1)破傷風;2.5~5Lf、(2)ジフテリア;15~25Lf、(3)百日せき;4単位以上、(4)ポリオ;I型1.5DU, II型50DU,III型50DU、(5)インフルエンザ菌b型(Hib);多糖として10マイクログラム、(6)B型肝炎;5~10マイクログラム、(7)A型肝炎;0.5マイクログラム、(8)インフルエンザHA;各株30マイクログラム以上、(9)狂犬病;107LD50以上、(10)日本脳炎;参考品と同等以上、(11)ワイル病秋やみ;3単位以上、(12)肺炎球菌;多糖として各型1~25マイクログラム、(13)ヒトパピローマウイルス;各型20~40マイクログラム、(14)おたふくかぜ;5000CCID50以上、(15)水痘;1000PFU以上、(16)風しん;1000PFU以上、(17)麻しん;5000CCID50以上、(18)ロタウイルス;106CCID50以上、(19)ノロウィルス;5~150マイクログラム、(20)RSV;5~60マイクログラム、(21)BCG;12ミリグラムが挙げられ、本願発明によれば、例えば、破傷風トキソイド2.5~5Lfとジフテリアトキソイド15~25Lfを1つのマイクロニードルパッチに含有させることができる。
本発明のマイクロニードルパッチは、他の製剤、例えば経口投与製剤や注射剤と併用することもできる。
本発明のマイクロニードルパッチは、複数の薬物を同時に投与する場合において、各微小突起には各々の薬物が含有されているため、薬物どうしの混合による活性の低下を考慮することなく、所望の複数の薬物を含有することができる。特に薬物がワクチン等である場合においてその効果を発揮する。
つまり、本発明のマイクロニードルパッチは同時に複数の薬物を投与することが可能になるため、患者及び医療従事者の時間的、精神的負担を大幅に軽減することを可能にする。
また、各微小突起における薬物濃度を変化させる等の前記した製造方法によれば、薬の放出を制御することができ、治療有効濃度の持続を可能にし、低投与量で有効な治療を実現できる。
さらに本発明製剤は、高齢者や小児においても手軽に適用できる、低毒性で安全な製剤である。
この実施例は破傷風とジフテリアの二種混合ワクチンの場合である。
先ず、破傷風の薬物溶液Aを生成する。134.9 mgのコンドロイチン硫酸Cナトリウム(和光純薬工業製)および0.1 mgのエバンスブルー(和光純薬工業製)を精製水776 μLに加えて溶解し、これに破傷風トキソイド濃縮液を74μL(蛋白換算で15 mg相当量、武田薬品工業製)添加して攪拌混合し、破傷風トキソイド充填用溶液(溶液A)を得た。
この実施例は破傷風とジフテリアの二種混合ワクチンの場合である。
先ず、破傷風の薬物溶液Aを生成する。134.9mgのコンドロイチン硫酸ナトリウム(マルハニチロ食品製)および0.1 mgのエバンスブルー(和光純薬工業製)を精製水691 μLに加えて溶解し、これに破傷風トキソイド濃縮液を159μL(蛋白換算で15 mg相当量、武田薬品工業製)添加して攪拌混合し、破傷風トキソイド充填用溶液(溶液A)を得た。
この実施例はモデル抗原としてオブアルブミン、アジュバントとしてpoly[di(carboxylatophenoxy)phosphazene](PCPP)をそれぞれ別々の微小突起に内包するマイクロニードルパッチの場合である。
先ず、オブアルブミンの薬物溶液Aを生成する。269.9 mgのコンドロイチン硫酸ナトリウム(マルハニチロ食品製)および0.1 mgのエバンスブルー(和光純薬工業製)を精製水1100 μLに加えて溶解し、これにオブアルブミン水溶液を100 μL(蛋白換算で30 mg相当量、和光純薬工業製)添加して攪拌混合し、オブアルブミン充填用溶液(溶液A)を得た。
この実施例は破傷風、ジフテリアおよび百日せきの三種混合ワクチンの場合である。
先ず、破傷風の薬物溶液Aを生成する。134.9mgのコンドロイチン硫酸ナトリウム(マルハニチロ食品製)および0.1mgのエバンスブルー(和光純薬工業製)を精製水759μLに加えて溶解し、これに破傷風トキソイド濃縮液を91μL(蛋白換算で15mg相当量、武田薬品工業製)添加して攪拌混合し、破傷風トキソイド充填用溶液(溶液A)を得た。
本発明のマイクロニードルパッチの混合ワクチン皮内投与デバイスとしての有効性を確認する目的でマウスを用いて、破傷風トキソイド、ジフテリアトキソイドおよび百日せき防御抗原を抗原として誘導される免疫応答を評価した。実施例4で得られたマイクロニードルパッチをBALB/cマウス(雌性、8週齢)の背部皮膚に1回につき1枚を5時間貼付するやり方で14日毎に4回貼付した。対照群には、同様のスケジュールで市販品の沈降精製百日せきジフテリア破傷風混合ワクチン(武田薬品工業製)を1回につき0.5mLの容量で14日毎に4回皮下注射した。初回投与前、初回投与後14日、28日、42日および56日に採血し、ELISA法により破傷風トキソイド、ジフテリアトキソイドおよび百日せき防御抗原特異的IgG抗体価を測定した。
この実施例は破傷風、ジフテリアおよび百日せきの三種混合ワクチンの場合である。
先ず、破傷風の薬物溶液Aを生成する。34.9mgのコンドロイチン硫酸ナトリウム(マルハニチロ食品製)および0.1mgのエバンスブルー(和光純薬工業製)を精製水193μLに加えて溶解し、これに破傷風トキソイド濃縮液を91μL(蛋白換算で15mg相当量、武田薬品工業製)添加して攪拌混合し、破傷風トキソイド充填用溶液(溶液A)を得た。
2…支持シート
3…粘着剤層(両面粘着テープ)
4…微小突起
5…薬物層
6…高分子物質を含む中間層
7…母型
8…突起
9…熱可塑性樹脂
10…樹脂成形型
11…凹部
A…破傷風の薬物を含む溶液(実施例1、実施例2、実施例4、実施例5)、オブアルブミンの薬物を含む溶液(実施例3)
B…ジフテリアの薬物を含む溶液(実施例1、実施例2、実施例4、実施例5)、アジュバント(実施例3)
C…高分子物質を含む溶液(実施例1、実施例2、実施例3)、百日せきの薬物を含む溶液(実施例4、実施例5)
D…高分子物質を含む溶液(実施例5)
Claims (10)
- 薬物を担持してなる多数の生体内溶解性の微小突起を一枚の支持シート上に立設してなるマイクロニードルパッチであって、微小突起は先端部に生体内溶解性の薬物層が形成され、その薬物層の下部に前記薬物層を支持シートへ接着させるための高分子物質を含む中間層が形成されていてもよく、その下部に支持シートが形成されており、微小突起の先端部に形成された薬物層は、一つの微小突起に一種類の薬物が内包されており、一枚の支持シートにおいて複数の異なる薬物の微小突起を混在させるようにしたことを特徴とする生体内溶解性のマイクロニードルパッチ。
- 薬物層の下部に前記薬物層を支持シートへ接着させるための高分子物質を含む中間層が形成されている請求項1に記載のマイクロニードルパッチ。
- 薬物層の薬物は、その濃度が異なるものが混在している請求項1又は2に記載のマイクロニードルパッチ。
- 異なる薬物の配置パターン及びその分布密度を変更することで、薬物の摂取量を変更するようにした請求項1ないし3のいずれかに記載のマイクロニードルパッチ。
- 1つの微少突起に内包される薬物の含有量が25ナノグラム以上である請求項1ないし4のいずれかに記載のマイクロニードルパッチ。
- 薬物が3ないし6種類のワクチンである請求項1又は2に記載のマイクロニードルパッチ。
- 微小突起が多数立設された母型で微小突起形成用の凹部を備えた樹脂成形型を製作し、当該樹脂成形型の凹部に薬物を注入して凹部の先端部に生体内溶解性の薬物層を形成し、続いて前記凹部の薬物層の上へ樹脂接着剤を注入して接着用の樹脂層を形成させてもよく、前記薬物層又は樹脂層を支持シート上へ固着し、樹脂成形型から支持シート上に微少突起を備えたマイクロニードルパッチを取り出すことを特徴とするマイクロニードルパッチの製造方法。
- 微小突起が多数立設された母型で微小突起形成用の凹部を備えた樹脂成形型を製作し、当該樹脂成形型の凹部に薬物を注入して凹部の先端部に生体内溶解性の薬物層を形成し、続いて前記凹部の薬物層の上へ樹脂接着剤を注入して接着用の樹脂層を形成させ、前記薬物層及び樹脂層を支持シート上へ固着し、樹脂成形型から支持シート上に微少突起を備えたマイクロニードルパッチを取り出すことを特徴とする請求項7に記載の製造方法。
- 微小突起が多数立設された母型で微小突起形成用の凹部を備えた樹脂成形型を製作し、当該樹脂成形型の選択した凹部に一種類の薬物を注入して凹部に生体内溶解性の薬物層を形成し、続いて前記選択した凹部とは異なる凹部を選択して異なる種類の薬物を注入し、この作業を複数回繰り返すことで複数種類の薬物を各凹部へ個別に内包した生体内溶解性の薬物層を形成し、前記各凹部の薬物層の上へ樹脂接着剤を注入して接着用の樹脂層を形成させてもよく、前記薬物層又は樹脂層を支持シート上へ固着し、樹脂成形型から支持シート上に微少突起を備えたマイクロニードルパッチを取り出すことを特徴とするマイクロニードルパッチの製造方法。
- 微小突起が多数立設された母型で微小突起形成用の凹部を備えた樹脂成形型を製作し、当該樹脂成形型の選択した凹部に一種類の薬物を注入して凹部に生体内溶解性の薬物層を形成し、続いて前記選択した凹部とは異なる凹部を選択して異なる種類の薬物を注入し、この作業を複数回繰り返すことで複数種類の薬物を各凹部へ個別に内包した生体内溶解性の薬物層を形成し、前記各凹部の薬物層の上へ樹脂接着剤を注入して接着用の樹脂層を形成させ、前記薬物層及び樹脂層を支持シート上へ固着し、樹脂成形型から支持シート上に微少突起を備えたマイクロニードルパッチを取り出すことを特徴とする請求項9に記載の製造方法。
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US10668260B2 (en) | 2020-06-02 |
US20160015952A1 (en) | 2016-01-21 |
JPWO2014142135A1 (ja) | 2017-02-16 |
EP2974768A1 (en) | 2016-01-20 |
EP2974768A4 (en) | 2017-05-17 |
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