WO2014098234A1 - ポリマー組成物及び多孔質膜 - Google Patents
ポリマー組成物及び多孔質膜 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014098234A1 WO2014098234A1 PCT/JP2013/084318 JP2013084318W WO2014098234A1 WO 2014098234 A1 WO2014098234 A1 WO 2014098234A1 JP 2013084318 W JP2013084318 W JP 2013084318W WO 2014098234 A1 WO2014098234 A1 WO 2014098234A1
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- RPQRDASANLAFCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxiran-2-ylmethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCC1CO1 RPQRDASANLAFCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000951 phenoxy group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(O*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002492 poly(sulfone) Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- FZYCEURIEDTWNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-1-en-2-ylbenzene Chemical compound CC(=C)C1=CC=CC=C1.CC(=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 FZYCEURIEDTWNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BOQSSGDQNWEFSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-yl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)OC(=O)C(C)=C BOQSSGDQNWEFSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LYBIZMNPXTXVMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-yl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)OC(=O)C=C LYBIZMNPXTXVMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001330 spinodal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000020 sulfo group Chemical group O=S(=O)([*])O[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003505 terpenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- OPQYOFWUFGEMRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2,2-dimethylpropaneperoxoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(=O)C(C)(C)C OPQYOFWUFGEMRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SJMYWORNLPSJQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OC(C)(C)C SJMYWORNLPSJQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- ISXSCDLOGDJUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)C=C ISXSCDLOGDJUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CIHOLLKRGTVIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert‐butyl hydroperoxide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OO CIHOLLKRGTVIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C08F290/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers modified by introduction of aliphatic unsaturated end or side groups on to polymers modified by introduction of unsaturated end groups
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- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
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- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
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- C08J2205/04—Foams characterised by their properties characterised by the foam pores
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a polymer composition and a porous membrane.
- This application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2012-278592 filed in Japan on December 20, 2012 and Japanese Patent Application No. 2013-029966 filed on February 19, 2013 in Japan. , The contents of which are incorporated herein.
- Porous membranes are used in various fields such as water treatment fields such as drinking water production, water purification, and wastewater treatment.
- water treatment fields such as drinking water production, water purification, and wastewater treatment.
- membrane performance such as high fractionation performance and hydrophilicity, simplification of the manufacturing process has been desired.
- Patent Document 1 proposes a polymer membrane containing a hydrophobic matrix polymer such as polyvinylidene fluoride and an amphiphilic block copolymer.
- a hydrophobic matrix polymer such as polyvinylidene fluoride and an amphiphilic block copolymer.
- the porous membrane described in Patent Document 1 has a bubble point diameter of about 122 to 198 nm, and the fractionation performance is not sufficient for ultrafiltration applications.
- the block copolymer used in Patent Document 1 is produced by a controlled radical polymerization method such as nitroxide-mediated polymerization (NMP), it is necessary to remove the monomer after polymerization, which is advantageous in terms of cost. Absent.
- NMP nitroxide-mediated polymerization
- the present invention provides a polymer composition and a porous membrane suitable for obtaining a membrane having good fractionation performance and high water permeability using a polymer easily obtained by ordinary radical polymerization. Objective.
- R and R 1 to R n are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, or a heterocyclic group.
- Z is a terminal group.
- n is an integer of 2 to 10,000.
- Polymer (B) obtained by polymerizing a monomer composition containing a film-forming polymer (A) and a methacrylic acid ester macromonomer (b1) represented by the following formula (1) and another monomer (b2)
- R and R 1 to R n are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, or a heterocyclic group.
- Z is a terminal group.
- n is an integer of 2 to 10,000.
- a polymer composition and a porous membrane suitable for obtaining a membrane having good fractionation performance and high water permeability can be obtained by using a polymer easily obtained by ordinary radical polymerization. .
- the polymer composition and the porous membrane of the present invention have the above-mentioned performance, they are suitable not only for use in the field of water treatment but also as a support for an electrolytic solution. Suitable for a support swollen with an electrolytic solution.
- the film-forming polymer (A) may be contained in the polymer composition of the first aspect of the present invention, and is one of the components of the porous film of the second aspect of the present invention.
- the film-forming polymer (A) is for maintaining the structure of the polymer composition and the porous film of the present invention, and the composition of the film-forming polymer (A) according to the characteristics required for the polymer composition and the porous film. Can be selected.
- the film-forming polymer (A) for example, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), PVDF-co-hexafluoropropylene (HFP), ethylene-co- Fluorine-containing polymers such as chlorotrifluoroethylene (ECTFE), polyvinyl fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polystyrene derivatives, polyamide, polyurethane, polycarbonate, polysulfone, poly Examples include ether sulfone and cellulose acetate.
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- HFP ethylene-co- Fluorine-containing polymers
- ECTFE chlorotrifluoroethylene
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- PVC polyvinyl chloride
- polyethylene polypropylene
- polystyrene polystyrene derivatives
- polyamide polyurethane
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- HFP PVDF-co-hexafluoropropylene
- ethylene-co-chlorotrifluorofluoroethylene are used in terms of chemical resistance and oxidative degradation resistance of the polymer composition and the porous membrane.
- Fluorine-containing polymers such as ethylene (ECTFE), polyvinyl fluoride and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) are preferred.
- PVDF is preferable from the viewpoint of the oxidation deterioration resistance and mechanical durability of the polymer composition and the porous membrane.
- a film formation polymer (A) can be used individually or in combination of 2 or more types.
- the film-forming polymer (A) is preferably a polymer that can be dissolved in the solvent (C2) described later and does not dissolve in pure water.
- PVDF is preferable from the viewpoint of compatibility with the polymer (B) and the solvent (C2) described later, chemical resistance, and heat resistance.
- the film-forming polymer (A) preferably has a mass average molecular weight (hereinafter referred to as “Mw”) of 100,000 to 2,000,000.
- Mw mass average molecular weight
- Mw is more preferably 300,000 or more
- Mw is more preferably 1,500,000 or less.
- the mass average molecular weight of the film-forming polymer (A) is more preferably 300,000 to 1,500,000, further preferably 400,000 to 1,000,000, and 500,000 to 700,000. 000 is particularly preferred.
- Mw shall use the polystyrene equivalent mass average molecular weight by GPC (gel permeation chromatography).
- the macromonomer (b1) is one of the constituent components of the polymer (B) contained in the polymer composition and the porous membrane of the present invention.
- the macromonomer (b1) is a monomer represented by the formula (1) in which a radical polymerizable group having an unsaturated double bond is added to one end of a polymethacrylic acid ester segment.
- a radical polymerizable group having an unsaturated double bond is added to one end of a polymethacrylic acid ester segment.
- “...” Represents a state where monomer units are polymerized.
- “monomer” means a compound having a radical polymerizable group.
- Specific examples of the radical polymerizable group include a group having a double bond.
- R and R 1 to R n are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, or a heterocyclic group.
- the alkyl group, cycloalkyl group, aryl group or heterocyclic group can have a substituent.
- Examples of the alkyl group for R or R 1 to R n include a branched or straight chain alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms. Specific examples of the alkyl group of R or R 1 to R n include methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, i-propyl group, n-butyl group, isobutyl group, t-butyl group, isoamyl group, hexyl group. Octyl group, lauryl group, dodecyl group, stearyl group, and 2-ethylhexyl group.
- alkyl group of R or R 1 to R n has a substituent include benzyl group, 2-hydroxyethyl group, 2-hydroxypropyl group, 2-hydroxybutyl group, 3-hydroxybutyl group, 4 -Hydroxybutyl group, polyethylene glycol group, polypropylene glycol group, methoxyethyl group, ethoxyethyl group, normal butoxyethyl group, isobutoxyethyl group, t-butoxyethyl group, phenoxyethyl group, nonylphenoxyethyl group, 3-methoxybutyl Group, methoxy-diethylene glycol group, methoxy-tetraethylene glycol group, methoxy-nonaethylene glycol group, octoxy-octaethylene glycol-hexapropylene glycol group, and nonylphenoxy (ethylene glycol-polypropylene glycol group) Lumpur) group and the like.
- Examples of the cycloalkyl group represented by R or R 1 to R n include cycloalkyl groups having 3 to 20 carbon atoms. Specific examples of the cycloalkyl group of R or R 1 to R n include a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, and an adamantyl group.
- Examples of the aryl group for R or R 1 to R n include an aryl group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms. Specific examples of the aryl group of R or R 1 to R n include a phenyl group and a naphthyl group.
- heterocyclic group for R or R 1 to R n examples include a heterocyclic group having 5 to 18 carbon atoms. Specific examples of the heterocyclic group for R or R 1 to R n include a glycidyl group, a ⁇ -lactone group, and an ⁇ -caprolactone group. Examples of the hetero atom contained in the heterocyclic ring include an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom, and a sulfur atom.
- R or R 1 to R n each independently represents an alkyl group, an aryl group, a carboxyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group (—COOR ′), a carbamoyl group (—CONR′R ′′), a cyano group, From the group consisting of hydroxyl group, amino group, amide group (—C ( ⁇ O) NR′R ′′), halogen, allyl group, epoxy group, alkoxy group (—OR ′) or a group exhibiting hydrophilicity or ionicity Examples include selected groups.
- R ′ and R ′′ are each independently the same group as R except for a heterocyclic group. The carbon number of the substituent is not included in the carbon number of R or R 1 to R n .
- Examples of the alkoxycarbonyl group for the substituent of R or R 1 to R n include a methoxycarbonyl group.
- Examples of the carbamoyl group for the substituent of R or R 1 to R n include an N-methylcarbamoyl group and an N, N-dimethylcarbamoyl group.
- Examples of the amide group for the substituent of R or R 1 to R n include a dimethylamide group.
- halogen for the substituent of R or R 1 to R n examples include fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.
- Examples of the alkoxy group for the substituent of R or R 1 to R n include an alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and specific examples include a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a normal butoxy group, an isobutoxy group, t- Examples thereof include a butoxy group, a phenoxy group, and a nonylphenoxy group.
- Examples of the group showing the hydrophilicity or ionicity of the substituent of R or R 1 to R n include, for example, poly (alkylene oxide) such as an alkali salt of a carboxyl group or an alkali salt of a sulfo group, a polyethylene oxide group, or a polypropylene oxide group.
- poly (alkylene oxide) such as an alkali salt of a carboxyl group or an alkali salt of a sulfo group, a polyethylene oxide group, or a polypropylene oxide group.
- cationic substituents such as quaternary ammonium bases.
- poly (alkylene oxide) groups include diethylene oxide groups, triethylene oxide groups, tetraethylene oxide groups, pentaethylene oxide groups, hexaethylene oxide groups, heptaethylene oxide groups, octaethylene oxide groups, and other polyethylene oxide groups; dipropylene oxide groups, Polypropylene oxide groups such as tripropylene oxide group, tetrapropylene oxide group, pentapropylene oxide group, hexapropylene oxide group, heptapropylene oxide group, octapropylene oxide group, hexapropylene oxide group; and polyethylene oxide group and polypropylene oxide group Combinations; and the like. These groups may be interposed between R 1 to R n and an oxygen atom (—O—) bonded to them.
- R is preferably a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, or an i-propyl group from the viewpoint of easy availability of the macromonomer (b1), the handleability of the resulting polymer (B), and the balance of mechanical properties.
- a methyl group is more preferable.
- R 1 to R n are preferably a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group or an i-propyl group, and more preferably a methyl group.
- Z is a terminal group of the macromonomer (b1).
- the terminal group of the macromonomer (b1) include a group derived from a hydrogen atom and a radical polymerization initiator, like the terminal group of a polymer obtained by known radical polymerization.
- n represents the number of moles of monomer units contained in one molecule of the macromonomer (b1) (however, the number excluding monomer units having a double bond).
- N in “R n ” means the same number. That is, R 1 to R n (R 1 , R 2 , R 3 ... R n ) correspond to the number of monomer units constituting the macromonomer (b1) (however, the number excluding the monomer unit having a double bond).
- n is an integer of 2 to 10,000.
- it is 10 to 1000, more preferably 30 to 500.
- the macromonomer (b1) has an effect of acting as a chain transfer agent when radically polymerizing the monomer mixture containing the macromonomer (b1). Therefore, when a monomer composition containing the macromonomer (b1) and the other monomer (b2) described later is radically polymerized, at least one selected from a block copolymer and a graft copolymer without using a metal catalyst or a sulfur compound. Since the polymer (B) having seeds can be obtained, the obtained polymer (B) is suitable for a molded product that is required to have a low content of impurities such as metals.
- controlled radical polymerization examples include reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (RAFT), atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), and nitroxide-mediated polymerization (NMP). These controlled radical polymerizations are characterized by a controlled molecular weight and a narrow molecular weight distribution.
- the macromonomer refers to a polymer compound having a polymerizable functional group, and is also called a macromer.
- radical polymerizable monomer that is a raw material for constituting the polymethacrylic acid ester segment in the macromonomer (b1) include, for example, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, methacryl from the viewpoint of the balance of mechanical properties of the polymer (B).
- N-propyl acid isopropyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, t-butyl methacrylate, isoamyl methacrylate, hexyl methacrylate, octyl methacrylate, lauryl methacrylate, dodecyl methacrylate, stearyl methacrylate, methacryl Acid phenyl, benzyl methacrylate, glycidyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxy methacrylate Butyl, 3-hydroxybutyl methacrylate, 4-hydroxybutyl methacrylate, polyethylene glycol methacrylate, polypropylene glycol methacrylate, Plaxel FM (trade name, manufactured by Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd .; caprolactone addition monomer), methoxyethy
- methyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, lauryl methacrylate, dodecyl methacrylate are preferred from the viewpoint of easy availability of radical polymerizable monomers as raw materials and the balance of mechanical properties of the resulting polymer (B).
- Stearyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, glycidyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 4-hydroxybutyl methacrylate, methacrylic acid, Blemmer PME-100, Blemmer PME-200 and Blemmer PME-400 are preferred.
- the radically polymerizable monomer used as a raw material includes methyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, lauryl methacrylate, dodecyl methacrylate, methacrylic acid in terms of good compatibility with the film-forming polymer (A), particularly PVDF.
- 2-ethylhexyl acid, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, Blemmer PME-100, Blemmer PME-200 and Blemmer PME-400 are more preferable, and methyl methacrylate is still more preferable.
- the number average molecular weight (hereinafter referred to as “Mn”) of the macromonomer (b1) is preferably 1,000 or more and 1,000,000 or less from the viewpoint of the balance of mechanical properties of the obtained polymer (B).
- Mn is more preferably 3,000 or more, and further preferably 4,000 or more.
- Mn is more preferably 60,000 or less, and further preferably 50,000 or less.
- the number average molecular weight of the macromonomer (b1) is preferably 3,000 to 60,000, more preferably 4,000 to 50,000, still more preferably 5,000 to 40,000, 3,000 to 38,000 is particularly preferred.
- the molecular weight distribution (hereinafter referred to as “Mw / Mn”) of the macromonomer (b1) is preferably 1.5 or more and 5.0 or less, in view of the balance of mechanical properties of the polymer (B) to be obtained. 0 is more preferable, and 1.9 to 2.5 is particularly preferable.
- the ratio of the macromonomer (b1) unit to the total monomer units constituting the polymer (B) is preferably 10 to 90 mol%, and preferably 20 to 80 mol%.
- the ratio of the other monomer (b2) units to the total monomer units constituting the polymer (B) is preferably 90 to 10 mol%, and preferably 80 to 20 mol%.
- “Monomer unit” means a monomer unit (monomer unit) constituting a polymer.
- the “all monomer units constituting the polymer (B)” means the total number of moles of the “macromonomer (b1) unit” and the number of moles of the “other monomer (b2) unit”.
- the macromonomer (b1) can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- Examples of the method for producing the macromonomer (b1) include a method using a cobalt chain transfer agent (for example, US Pat. No. 4,680,352), ⁇ -substituted non-substituted such as ⁇ -bromomethylstyrene.
- a method using a saturated compound as a chain transfer agent for example, WO 88 / 04,304
- a method for chemically bonding a polymerizable group for example, JP-A-60-133,007, US Pat. No. 5,147,95
- a method by thermal decomposition for example, JP-A-11-240,854
- the method of producing by using a cobalt chain transfer agent is preferable because the macromonomer (b1) can be produced efficiently.
- Examples of the production method of the macromonomer (b1) include an aqueous dispersion polymerization method such as a bulk polymerization method, a solution polymerization method, a suspension polymerization method, and an emulsion polymerization method.
- the aqueous dispersion polymerization method is preferable from the viewpoint of simplifying the recovery step of the macromonomer (b1).
- Examples of the solvent (C1) used for obtaining the macromonomer (b1) by the solution polymerization method include hydrocarbons such as toluene; ethers such as diethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran; halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane and chloroform; acetone Ketones such as methanol; nitriles such as acetonitrile; vinyl esters such as ethyl acetate; carbonates such as ethylene carbonate; and supercritical carbon dioxide. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the other monomer (b2) is one of the raw materials for constituting the polymer (B) contained in the polymer composition and porous membrane of the present invention.
- Examples of the other monomer (b2) include, for example, the same monomer as the radical polymerizable monomer that is a raw material for constituting the polymethacrylate segment in the macromonomer (b1), and methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, and acrylic acid.
- n-propyl isopropyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, t-butyl acrylate, isoamyl acrylate, hexyl acrylate, octyl acrylate, lauryl acrylate, dodecyl acrylate, stearyl acrylate, acrylic acid Phenyl, benzyl acrylate, glycidyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate, 2-hydroxybutyl acrylate, 3-hydroxybutyrate 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate, polyethylene glycol acrylate, polypropylene glycol acrylate, Plaxel FA (Daicel Chemical Co., Ltd .; caprolactone addition monomer), methoxyethyl acrylate, ethoxyethyl acrylate, normal butoxyethyl acrylate, I
- (meth) acrylic acid or (meth) acrylate is preferable because it is highly copolymerizable with the macromonomer (b1).
- methyl methacrylate, methoxy-diethylene glycol methacrylate, methoxy-nonaethylene glycol methacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, and methacrylic acid are preferred.
- (meth) acrylic acid means one or both of acrylic acid having a hydrogen atom bonded to the ⁇ -position and methacrylic acid having a methyl group bonded to the ⁇ -position.
- (Meth) acrylate” means one or both of an acrylate having a hydrogen atom bonded to the ⁇ -position and a methacrylate having a methyl group bonded to the ⁇ -position.
- a monomer composition contains a macromonomer (b1) and another monomer (b2).
- the content of the macromonomer (b1) with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total amount of the macromonomer (b1) and the other monomer (b2) in the monomer composition is preferably 5 to 99 parts by mass.
- the polymer (B) is added to a solution obtained by dissolving the film-forming polymer (A) in the solvent (C2) to obtain the porous film of the present invention.
- the contact angle of the porous membrane of the present invention with respect to pure water tends to be 75 ° or less. It is in.
- the content of the macromonomer (b1) is more preferably 20 parts by mass or more, further preferably 40 parts by mass or more, and particularly preferably 50 parts by mass or more.
- content of a macromonomer (b1) 98 mass parts or less are more preferable, and 95 mass parts or less are still more preferable.
- the content of the macromonomer (b1) with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total amount of the macromonomer (b1) and the other monomer (b2) in the monomer composition is preferably 40 to 98 parts by mass, More preferred is 95 parts by mass.
- the combination of the macromonomer (b1) and the other monomer (b2) includes a polymethyl methacrylate macromonomer as the macromonomer (b1) and (meth) acrylic acid or (meth) as the other monomer (b2).
- a combination with an acrylate is preferable, and a polymethyl methacrylate macromonomer as the macromonomer (b1) and methyl methacrylate, methoxy-diethylene glycol methacrylate, methoxy-nonaethylene glycol methacrylate, 2-methacrylate as the other monomer (b2)
- a combination with hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, and methacrylic acid is more preferred.
- the polymer (B) is one of the components of the polymer composition and the porous membrane of the present invention.
- the polymer (B) is obtained by polymerizing a monomer composition containing the macromonomer (b1) and the other monomer (b2).
- the block copolymer of the macromonomer (b1) and the other monomer (b2) and It is comprised by at least 1 sort (s) chosen from the graft copolymer of the other monomer (b2) which has a macromonomer (b1) unit in a side chain.
- the polymer having only the macromonomer (b1) unit, the polymer having only the other monomer (b2) unit, the unreacted macromonomer (b1) and the unreacted polymer It can contain at least 1 sort (s) chosen from another monomer (b2).
- “Monomer unit” means a monomer unit (monomer unit) constituting a polymer.
- the “all monomer units constituting the polymer (B)” means the total number of moles of the “macromonomer (b1) unit” and the number of moles of the “other monomer (b2) unit”.
- the Mn of the polymer (B) is preferably 1,000 or more and 5,000,000 or less from the viewpoint of the tensile strength, tensile elongation, bending strength and thermal stability of the polymer (B).
- the Mn of the polymer (B) is more preferably 2,000 or more, and further preferably 5,000 or more.
- the Mn of the polymer (B) is more preferably 300,000 or less. More specifically, the Mn of the polymer (B) is more preferably 2,000 to 300,000, further preferably 5,000 to 200,000.
- the polymer (B) can be used alone or in combination of two or more polymers having different composition ratios, chain distributions or molecular weights.
- Examples of the method for producing the polymer (B) include a bulk polymerization method, a solution polymerization method, a suspension polymerization method, and an emulsion polymerization method.
- the solvent (C2) used when the polymer (B) is produced by the solution polymerization method for example, the same solvent as the solvent (C1) used when the macromonomer (b1) is obtained by the solution polymerization method, and Tetrahydrofuran (THF), toluene (TOL), dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethylacetamide (DMAc), dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), hexamethylphosphoric triamide (HMPA), tetramethylurea (TMU) ), Triethyl phosphate (TEP) and trimethyl phosphate (TMP).
- THF Tetrahydrofuran
- TOL toluene
- DMF dimethylformamide
- DMAc dimethylacetamide
- DMSO dimethylsulfoxide
- NMP N-methylpyrrolidone
- HMPA hexamethylphosphoric triamide
- TU tetramethylurea
- TEP Trieth
- a solvent (C2) can be used individually or in combination of 2 or more types.
- a chain transfer agent such as mercaptan, hydrogen, ⁇ -methylstyrene dimer or terpenoid can be used to adjust the molecular weight of the polymer (B).
- a radical polymerization initiator can be used.
- radical polymerization initiator examples include organic peroxides and azo compounds.
- organic peroxides include 2,4-dichlorobenzoyl peroxide, t-butyl peroxypivalate, o-methylbenzoyl peroxide, bis-3,5,5-trimethylhexanoyl peroxide, octanoyl Peroxide, t-butylperoxy-2-ethylhexanoate, cyclohexanone peroxide, benzoyl peroxide, methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, dicumyl peroxide, lauroyl peroxide, diisopropylbenzene hydroperoxide, t-butyl hydroperoxide and Examples thereof include di-t-butyl peroxide.
- azo compound examples include 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN), 2,2′-azobis (2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) and 2,2′-azobis (2,4- Dimethyl-4-methoxyvaleronitrile).
- AIBN 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile
- 2,2′-azobis (2,4- Dimethyl-4-methoxyvaleronitrile examples include 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN), 2,2′-azobis (2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) and 2,2′-azobis (2,4- Dimethyl-4-methoxyvaleronitrile).
- radical polymerization initiator benzoyl peroxide, AIBN, 2,2′-azobis (2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile), and 2, in terms of easy availability and a half-life temperature suitable for the polymerization conditions.
- 2'-azobis (2,4-dimethyl-4-methoxyvaleronitrile) is preferred. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the addition amount of the radical polymerization initiator is preferably 0.0001 parts by mass or more and 10 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the other monomer (b2).
- the polymerization temperature for obtaining the polymer (B) is preferably ⁇ 100 to 250 ° C. from the viewpoint that the boiling point of the solvent used and the use temperature range of the radical polymerization initiator are suitable.
- the polymerization temperature is more preferably 0 ° C. or higher, and more preferably 200 ° C. or lower.
- R and R 1 to R n are methyl groups
- Z is a group derived from a hydrogen atom and a radical polymerization initiator, Methacrylic acid ester macromonomer (b1) having an average molecular weight of 3,000 to 60,000; methyl methacrylate, methoxy-diethylene glycol methacrylate, methoxy-nonaethylene glycol methacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxy acrylate
- R and R 1 to R n are methyl groups
- Z is a group derived from a hydrogen atom and a radical polymerization initiator, Methacrylic acid ester macromonomer (b1) having an average molecular weight of 3,000 to 60,000; methyl methacrylate, methoxy-diethylene glycol methacrylate, methoxy-nonaethylene glycol methacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxy acrylate
- the polymer (B) obtained by polymerizing a monomer composition containing at least one other monomer (b2) selected from the group consisting of ethyl and methacrylic acid, and mass as a film-forming polymer
- A Polyvinylidene fluoride having an average molecular weight of 300,000 to 1,500,000 It is preferably a polymer composition comprising a.
- the porous film in the second embodiment of the present invention is formed from a resin composition containing a film-forming polymer (A) and a polymer (B).
- the resin composition may be a polymer composition in the first embodiment of the present invention, to which a film-forming polymer (A) is further added.
- the content of the film-forming polymer (A) in the porous film in the second aspect of the present invention is 20 to 95 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total amount of the film-forming polymer (A) and the polymer (B). Is preferred.
- the content of the film-forming polymer (A) is 20 parts by mass or more, it tends to be a porous film.
- the contact angle with respect to pure water on the outer surface of the porous film tends to be 75 ° or less.
- the content of the film-forming polymer (A) in the porous film is more preferably 25 parts by mass or more, further preferably 30 parts by mass or more, and particularly preferably 40 parts by mass or more.
- the content of the film-forming polymer (A) is more preferably 92 parts by mass or less, still more preferably 90 parts by mass or less, and particularly preferably 85 parts by mass or less. More specifically, the content of the film-forming polymer (A) in the porous film is preferably 25 to 92 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total amount of the film-forming polymer (A) and the polymer (B). 30 to 90 parts by mass, more preferably 40 to 85 parts by mass.
- the content of the film-forming polymer (A) in the resin composition is preferably 20 to 95 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total amount of the film-forming polymer (A) and the polymer (B) in the resin composition.
- the content of the film-forming polymer (A) is 20 parts by mass or more, it tends to be a porous film.
- the contact angle with respect to pure water on the outer surface of the porous film obtained from the resin composition tends to be 75 ° or less. .
- the content of the film-forming polymer (A) in the resin composition is more preferably 25 parts by mass or more, further preferably 30 parts by mass or more, and particularly preferably 40 parts by mass or more.
- the content of the film-forming polymer (A) is more preferably 92 parts by mass or less, still more preferably 90 parts by mass or less, and particularly preferably 85 parts by mass or less. More specifically, the content of the film-forming polymer (A) in the resin composition is preferably 25 to 92 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total amount of the film-forming polymer (A) and the polymer (B). 30 to 90 parts by mass, more preferably 40 to 85 parts by mass.
- the content of the polymer (B) in the porous membrane in the second aspect of the present invention is preferably 1 to 50 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total amount of the film-forming polymer (A) and the polymer (B). .
- a polymer (B) content of 1 part by mass or more can provide a porous membrane. Further, when the content of the polymer (B) is 50 parts by mass or less, the oxidation deterioration resistance and the mechanical durability can be improved.
- the content of the polymer (B) in the porous membrane is more preferably 2 parts by mass or more, further preferably 5 parts by mass or more, and particularly preferably 10 parts by mass or more.
- the content of the polymer (B) is more preferably 45 parts by mass or less, still more preferably 43 parts by mass or less, and particularly preferably 40 parts by mass or less. More specifically, the content of the polymer (B) in the porous membrane is preferably 2 to 45 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total amount of the film-forming polymer (A) and the polymer (B). It is more preferably from 43 to 43 parts by mass, and further preferably from 10 to 40 parts by mass.
- the content of the polymer (B) in the resin composition is preferably 2 to 50 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total amount of the film-forming polymer (A) and the polymer (B) in the resin composition. It can be set as the resin composition suitable in order to obtain the film
- the content of the polymer (B) in the resin composition is more preferably 2 parts by mass or more, further preferably 5 parts by mass or more, and particularly preferably 10 parts by mass or more.
- the content of the polymer (B) is more preferably 45 parts by mass or less, still more preferably 43 parts by mass or less, and particularly preferably 40 parts by mass or less. More specifically, the content of the polymer (B) in the resin composition is preferably 2 to 45 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total amount of the film-forming polymer (A) and the polymer (B). It is more preferably from 43 to 43 parts by mass, and further preferably from 10 to 40 parts by mass.
- the average pore diameter of the pores in the porous membrane of the second aspect of the present invention is preferably 500 nm or less.
- the average pore size of the pores in the porous membrane of the present invention is 500 nm or less, it is possible to remove viruses and suspended substances in clean water, and to obtain a membrane with good fractionation performance and high water permeability. Is suitable.
- the average pore diameter of the pores in the porous membrane is preferably 1 nm or more and 500 nm or less from the viewpoint that it can be used for virus removal, protein or enzyme purification, or water supply applications. If the average pore size of the pores is 500 nm or less, it tends to be possible to remove suspended substances in viruses and clean water, and if it is 1 nm or more, it tends not to require a high water permeability pressure when treating water. .
- the average pore diameter of the pores is more preferably 300 nm or less, still more preferably 120 nm or less, and particularly preferably 95 nm or less. More specifically, the average pore diameter of the pores in the porous membrane is more preferably 3 to 120 nm, and more preferably 5 to 95 nm.
- the average pore diameter of the porous membrane in the second embodiment of the present invention is determined using the scanning electron microscope (manufactured by JEOL Ltd., product name: JSM-7400) of the porous membrane of the present invention.
- the average pore diameter obtained by actually measuring the longest diameter of the pores on the outer surface portion Specifically, five or more arbitrary 500 ⁇ m ⁇ 500 ⁇ m ranges on the outer surface of the porous membrane are selected, the pore diameters of 30 randomly selected pores existing in them are measured, It can be determined by a method of obtaining an average pore diameter by obtaining an average value.
- the porous film in the second aspect of the present invention can have an outer surface with a contact angle with respect to pure water of 75 ° or less.
- the contact angle on the outer surface of the porous membrane is an index representing the hydrophilicity of the outer surface of the porous membrane. As the contact angle of the outer surface of the porous membrane of the present invention is smaller, the outer surface of the porous membrane has higher hydrophilicity, and the porous membrane can be expected to have higher water permeability.
- the water permeability of the porous membrane of the present invention can be improved by setting the contact angle of the outer surface of the porous membrane to pure water to 75 ° or less.
- Examples of a method for lowering the contact angle of the outer surface of the porous membrane with pure water include a macromonomer (b1) as the polymer (B) and a hydrophilic functional group such as a hydroxyl group or a carboxyl group as the other monomer (b2).
- the method of obtaining a porous membrane using the copolymer with the monomer which has group is mentioned.
- the polymer composition according to the first aspect of the present invention is used to apply the polymer composition onto a smooth substrate from a discharge port (spinneret) and in a coagulation liquid.
- a discharge port spinneret
- a coagulation liquid By forming a flat membrane by a production method including a solidifying step, the contact angle of the outer surface of the porous membrane with respect to pure water can be lowered.
- an average pore diameter can be made into a preferable range by including the process by which the said manufacturing method uses the coagulating liquid as the aqueous solution of a solvent (C2).
- the polymer composition in the first aspect of the present invention is used to apply the polymer composition on the hollow support in the spinning nozzle or near the discharge port of the spinning nozzle.
- the hollow fiber membrane By forming the hollow fiber membrane by a production method including a step of coagulating in a coagulating liquid, the contact angle with respect to pure water on the outer surface of the porous membrane can be lowered.
- the air gap is a space exposed to the precursor and air (outside air) between the discharge port and the coagulation liquid surface.
- an average pore diameter can be made into a preferable range by including the process by which the said manufacturing method uses the coagulating liquid as the aqueous solution of a solvent (C2).
- the contact angle of the outer surface of the porous membrane with respect to pure water is more preferably 73 ° or less.
- the lower limit of the contact angle with respect to pure water on the outer surface of the porous membrane is preferably as low as possible, and is generally 1 ° or more.
- the lower limit of the contact angle with respect to pure water on the outer surface of the porous membrane varies depending on the type of the polymer (A) to be used, but when PVDF is used as the polymer (A), it is generally 20 ° or more. is there. More specifically, the contact angle of the outer surface of the porous membrane with respect to pure water is preferably 1 to 73 °, more preferably 20 to 73 °, and further preferably 40 to 65 °. preferable.
- the porous membrane in the second embodiment of the present invention preferably has a pure water permeation flux (flux) of 1.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 10 (m 3 / m 2 / s / Pa) or more.
- a pure water permeation flux 1.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 10 (m 3 / m 2 / s / Pa) or more.
- the permeation flux is obtained by sandwiching a porous membrane in a stainless steel holder with a tank (manufactured by Advantec Co., Ltd., KST-47 (trade name)) and filling the tank with deionized water.
- Flux L / (S x t x P) Flux: Permeation flux of pure water (m 3 / m 2 / s / Pa) L: Permeation amount of pure water (m 3 ) S: Effective membrane area (m 2 ) t: Transmission time (s) P: Measurement pressure (Pa)
- the porous film of the present invention preferably has a rejection rate of 90% or more for fine particles of 0.130 ⁇ m or less.
- the blocking rate is less than 90%, clogging or an increase in the filtration differential pressure occurs in virus removal, protein or enzyme purification, or water supply applications, and the life tends to be shortened.
- the blocking rate of the fine particles was determined by using a stainless steel holder with a tank (manufactured by Advantec Co., Ltd., KST-47 (trade name)), polystyrene latex particles having an average particle size of 0.132 ⁇ m in deionized water, Maxfair Co., Ltd.
- An evaluation stock solution having a nominal particle size of 0.132 ⁇ m) dispersed in a concentration of 25 ppm is filled in a tank and filtered through a sandwiched porous membrane, and the absorbance of the evaluation stock solution and the filtrate at a wavelength of 320 nm is measured. Therefore, it is a numerical value that can be obtained using the following formula.
- Rjc [(A1-A2) / A1] ⁇ 100
- Rjc Fine particle rejection rate (%)
- A2 Absorbance (abs) of the filtrate
- the absorbance can be measured using a spectrophotometer (LAMBDA850 manufactured by PerkinElmer).
- Examples of the form of the porous membrane in the second aspect of the present invention include a flat membrane and a hollow fiber membrane.
- the thickness is preferably 10 to 1,000 ⁇ m. If it is 10 ⁇ m or more, it tends to have high stretchability and satisfactory durability, and if it is 1,000 ⁇ m or less, it tends to be produced at low cost.
- the thickness is more preferably 20 ⁇ m or more, and further preferably 30 ⁇ m or more.
- the thickness is more preferably 900 ⁇ m or less, and still more preferably 800 ⁇ m or less. More specifically, when the porous membrane is a flat membrane, the thickness is more preferably 20 to 900 ⁇ m, and further preferably 30 to 800 ⁇ m.
- the internal structure of the membrane is, for example, a hole in a specific direction in the cross section of the membrane (that is, the cross section when the membrane is cut in the thickness direction).
- An inclined structure or a structure having a uniform hole can be mentioned.
- the film in the second aspect of the present invention is a flat film
- the film can have a macrovoid or spherulite structure.
- a macro void is a structure in which the average pore diameter of a porous membrane is approximately 10 ⁇ m or more.
- the outer diameter of the hollow fiber membrane is preferably 20 to 2,000 ⁇ m.
- the outer diameter of the porous membrane is 20 ⁇ m or more, thread breakage tends to hardly occur during film formation. Further, if the outer diameter of the hollow fiber membrane is 2,000 ⁇ m or less, the hollow shape is easily maintained, and it tends to be difficult to flatten even when an external pressure is applied.
- the outer diameter of the hollow fiber membrane is more preferably 30 ⁇ m or more, and further preferably 40 ⁇ m or more. Further, the outer diameter of the hollow fiber membrane is more preferably 1,800 ⁇ m or less, and further preferably 1,500 ⁇ m or less. More specifically, when the shape of the porous membrane is a hollow fiber membrane, the outer diameter of the hollow fiber membrane is more preferably 30 to 1,800 ⁇ m, further preferably 40 to 1,500 ⁇ m.
- the thickness of the hollow fiber membrane is preferably 5 to 500 ⁇ m. If the thickness of the hollow fiber membrane is 5 ⁇ m or more, yarn breakage tends not to occur during film formation, and if it is 500 ⁇ m or less, the hollow shape tends to be easily maintained.
- the thickness of the hollow fiber membrane is preferably 10 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 15 ⁇ m or more.
- the thickness of the hollow fiber membrane is more preferably 480 ⁇ m or less, and further preferably 450 ⁇ m or less.
- the thickness of the hollow fiber membrane is more preferably 10 to 480 ⁇ m, and further preferably 15 to 450 ⁇ m.
- the “thickness of the hollow fiber membrane” means the length from the outer surface to the inner surface in a cross section when the membrane is cut in the thickness direction.
- the porous membrane according to the second aspect of the present invention is the porous membrane according to the formula (1), wherein R and R 1 to R n are methyl groups, Z is a group derived from a hydrogen atom and a radical polymerization initiator, Methacrylic acid ester macromonomer (b1) having an average molecular weight of 3,000 to 60,000; methyl methacrylate, methoxy-diethylene glycol methacrylate, methoxy-nonaethylene glycol methacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxy acrylate
- the polymer (B) obtained by polymerizing a monomer composition containing at least one other monomer (b2) selected from the group consisting of ethyl and methacrylic acid, and mass as a film-forming polymer (A) Contains polyvinylidene fluoride with an average molecular weight of 300,000 to 1,500,000 It is preferably a porous film formed from the resin composition.
- the porous membrane according to the second aspect of the present invention is the porous membrane according to the formula (1), wherein R and R 1 to R n are methyl groups, Z is a group derived from a hydrogen atom and a radical polymerization initiator, Methacrylic acid ester macromonomer (b1) having an average molecular weight of 3,000 to 60,000; methyl methacrylate, methoxy-diethylene glycol methacrylate, methoxy-nonaethylene glycol methacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxy acrylate
- the polymer (B) obtained by polymerizing a monomer composition containing at least one other monomer (b2) selected from the group consisting of ethyl and methacrylic acid, and mass as a film-forming polymer (A) Contains polyvinylidene fluoride with an average molecular weight of 300,000 to 1,500,000 It is preferably a porous film formed from the resin composition.
- the porous membrane according to the second aspect of the present invention is the porous membrane according to the formula (1), wherein R and R 1 to R n are methyl groups, Z is a group derived from a hydrogen atom and a radical polymerization initiator, Methacrylic acid ester macromonomer (b1) having an average molecular weight of 3,000 to 60,000; methyl methacrylate, methoxy-diethylene glycol methacrylate, methoxy-nonaethylene glycol methacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxy acrylate
- the polymer (B) obtained by polymerizing a monomer composition containing at least one other monomer (b2) selected from the group consisting of ethyl and methacrylic acid, and mass as a film-forming polymer (A) Contains polyvinylidene fluoride with an average molecular weight of 300,000 to 1,500,000 A porous film formed from the resin composition, A porous film having a contact angle of 20 to 73 °
- Examples of the method for producing a porous membrane in the second aspect of the present invention include the following methods.
- a film-forming solution is obtained by dissolving the film-forming polymer (A) and the polymer (B) in a solvent (C3) described later. Subsequently, the obtained film forming solution is solidified in a coagulating solution to obtain a porous membrane precursor. Thereafter, the solvent (C3) remaining in the porous membrane precursor is removed by washing, and the washed porous membrane precursor is dried to obtain the porous membrane of the second aspect of the present invention.
- the mixing ratio of the film-forming polymer (A), the polymer (B) and the solvent (C3) is not particularly limited as long as the film-forming solution is uniform. That is, the film forming solution contains the resin composition and the solvent (C3).
- the film-forming polymer (A) and the polymer (B) are mixed together in the solvent (C3) and dissolved, and the film-forming polymer (A) in the solvent (C3). And the method of melt
- a film forming liquid when obtaining a film forming liquid, if it is below the boiling point of a solvent (C3), a film forming polymer (A) and a polymer (B) can be dissolved, heating a solvent (C3). Moreover, a film forming liquid can be cooled as needed.
- Examples of the solvent (C3) include those similar to the solvent (C2). Among these, DMF, DMAc, DMSO, and NMP are preferable from the viewpoints of solubility and ease of handling of the film-forming polymer (A) and the polymer (B).
- a solvent (C3) can be used individually or in combination of 2 or more types.
- the content of the film-forming polymer (A) in the film-forming solution is preferably 0.1 to 40% by mass, and more preferably 5 to 30% by mass with respect to the total mass of the film-forming solution. Further, the content of the polymer (B) in the film-forming solution is preferably 0.1 to 30% by mass, more preferably 1 to 15% by mass with respect to the total mass of the film-forming solution. Further, the content of the solvent (C3) in the film-forming solution is preferably 50 to 99.8% by mass and more preferably 65 to 94% by mass with respect to the total mass of the film-forming solution.
- a highly uniform film-forming solution tends to be prepared.
- a highly uniform film-forming solution is less likely to undergo phase separation and the like with time and has little change over time.
- the film-forming solution is uniform even if a part of the film-forming polymer (A) or polymer (B) is dispersed without being dissolved. It may be a thing.
- the porous membrane is a flat membrane
- a film-forming solution is applied onto the substrate to obtain a coating film laminate
- the resulting coating film laminate is immersed in a coagulation liquid to solidify the porous membrane precursor.
- the material of the substrate is not particularly limited, but a glass substrate is preferable.
- a method for applying the film-forming solution onto the substrate is not particularly limited, but a bar coater is preferably used.
- the thickness of the coating film laminate can be appropriately changed according to the desired thickness of the porous film.
- a porous membrane precursor can be obtained by applying the polymer composition onto a hollow support and dipping it in a coagulation solution to solidify.
- the coagulating liquid used for obtaining the porous membrane precursor is preferably a 0 to 50% by mass aqueous solution of the solvent (C3) used in the film-forming solution from the viewpoint of controlling the pore size of the membrane.
- the amount of the coagulation liquid used is preferably 500 to 100,000,000 parts by mass, more preferably 2000 to 50,000,000 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the film-forming solution.
- the coagulating liquid may be an aqueous solution of a solvent (C2).
- the temperature of the coagulation liquid is preferably 10 ° C. or higher and 90 ° C. or lower. If the temperature of the coagulation liquid is 10 ° C. or higher, the water permeability of the porous membrane of the present invention tends to be improved, and if it is 90 ° C. or lower, the mechanical strength of the porous membrane of the present invention tends not to be impaired.
- the time for dipping in the coagulation liquid is preferably 0.001 to 60 minutes.
- the obtained porous membrane precursor is preferably removed from the solvent (C3) by immersion and washing in hot water at 60 to 100 ° C. for 0.001 to 60 minutes. If the temperature of hot water is 60 ° C. or higher, there is a tendency to obtain a high cleaning effect on the porous membrane precursor, and if the temperature of hot water is 100 ° C. or lower, the porous membrane precursor is less likely to be fused. It is in.
- the porous membrane precursor after washing is preferably dried at 60 ° C. to 120 ° C. for 1 minute to 24 hours. If the drying temperature of the porous membrane precursor after washing is 60 ° C. or higher, the drying treatment time is short and the production cost can be suppressed, which is preferable for industrial production. Further, if the drying temperature of the washed porous membrane precursor is 120 ° C. or lower, the porous membrane precursor tends not to shrink too much in the drying step, and micro cracks are generated on the outer surface of the membrane. There is a tendency to never occur, which is preferable.
- composition and structure of the macromonomer (b1) and the polymer, the Mw of the polymer and the Mn and Mw / Mn of the macromonomer (b1) and the polymer were evaluated by the following methods.
- part and “%” indicate “part by mass” and “% by mass”, respectively.
- Composition and structure of macromonomer (b1) and polymer The composition and structure of macromonomer (b1) and polymer were analyzed by 1 H-NMR (manufactured by JEOL Ltd., product name: JNM-EX270).
- Mw of film-forming polymer (A) The Mw of the film-forming polymer (A) was determined using GPC (manufactured by Tosoh Corporation, “HLC-8020” (trade name)) under the following conditions.
- Mn and Mw / Mn of macromonomer (b1), controlled polymerization polymer (b′1) and polymer (B) were determined using GPC (“HLC-8220” (trade name) manufactured by Tosoh Corporation) under the following conditions. .
- the porous membrane test piece was placed on a sample table of a contact angle measuring device (manufactured by Kruss, product name: DSA-10). Next, the state of the water droplet 3 seconds after the water droplet (10 ⁇ l) of pure water (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., for LC / MS) was dropped on the outer surface of the sample for contact angle measurement was attached to the apparatus. The image was taken using a CCD camera. The contact angle of water droplets in the obtained photograph was determined by automatic measurement using an image processing program incorporated in the contact angle measuring device.
- the porous membrane test piece impregnated with ethanol was immersed in deionized water for 2 hours or more, and a stainless steel holder with a tank (manufactured by Avantec Co., Ltd., KST-47 (trade name), effective membrane area 12.5 cm 2 ). ).
- a stainless steel holder with a tank manufactured by Avantec Co., Ltd., KST-47 (trade name), effective membrane area 12.5 cm 2 ).
- the permeation flux (flux) was calculated. The larger the value of the permeation flux (flux), the higher the water permeation performance.
- Flux L / (S x t x P) Flux: Permeation flux of pure water (m 3 / m 2 / s / Pa) L: Permeation amount of pure water (m 3 ) S: Effective membrane area (m 2 ) t: Transmission time (s) P: Measurement pressure (Pa) (7)
- the porous membrane used for the measurement of the fine particle rejection rate permeation flow rate is sandwiched between stainless steel holders with a tank (manufactured by Advantec Co., Ltd., KST-47 (trade name)), and the average particle size is 0 in deionized water.
- Filter 0.1 MPa, and Rjc [(A1-A2) / A1] ⁇ 100 from the absorbance of the evaluation stock solution and the filtrate at a wavelength of 320 nm.
- Rjc Fine particle rejection rate (%)
- A2 Absorbance (abs) of the filtrate Sought by. The absorbance was measured using a spectrophotometer (LAMBDA850 manufactured by Perkin Elmer).
- Synthesis Example 1 Synthesis of Cobalt Chain Transfer Agent CoBF-1 Cobalt acetate (II) tetrahydrate (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., Wako Special Grade) in a reactor equipped with a stirrer under a nitrogen atmosphere
- the polymerization reaction product was cooled to room temperature and further filtered to recover the polymer.
- the obtained polymer was washed with water and then vacuum dried at 50 ° C. overnight to obtain a macromonomer (b1-1).
- the macromonomer (b1-1) had Mn of 11,000, Mw / Mn of 2.0, and an average degree of polymerization of (110).
- the introduction rate of the terminal double bond of the macromonomer (b1-1) was almost 100%.
- R in the above formula (1) was a methyl group.
- the yield of the obtained polymer (B-1) was almost 100%. Chloroform was used as an eluent in the GPC measurement. Mn of the polymer (B-1) was 14,000, and Mw / Mn was 2.1. The content of the macromonomer (b1-1) unit in the polymer (B-1) determined by 1 H-NMR was 50%. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1.
- MMA Methyl methacrylate (Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd., trade name: Acryester M)
- PME-100 (Nippon Yushi Co., Ltd., Bremer PME-100 (trade name))
- PME-400 Nippon Yushi Co., Ltd., Bremer PME-400 (trade name)
- HEMA 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (manufactured by Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd., trade name: Acryester HOMA)
- HEA 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., Wako first grade)
- MAA methacrylic acid (Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd., trade name: methacrylic acid)
- TOL Toluene (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., reagent special grade)
- THF Tetrahydrofuran (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd
- polymer (B) 12 parts of polymer (B-1) and solvent (C3) NMP 72 parts of Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., Wako Special Grade
- the obtained film-forming solution was allowed to stand at room temperature for one day, and then coated on a glass substrate to a thickness of 125 ⁇ m using a bar coater to obtain a coating film laminate.
- the coating laminate was immersed in a room temperature coagulation bath containing 70 parts deionized water and 30 parts NMP as the coagulation bath solvent.
- NMP N-methylpyrrolidone (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., Wako Special Grade)
- DMF N, N-dimethylformamide (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., reagent grade)
- DMAc N, N-dimethylacetamide (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., Wako First Grade)
- Example 2 A porous membrane test piece was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the film-forming solution and the coagulation bath shown in Table 2 were used. The evaluation results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 16 When the permeation flux (flux) was measured using the porous membrane test piece obtained in Example 15, it was 2.21 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 9 (m 3 / m 2 / s / Pa). Moreover, the blocking rate of 0.132 ⁇ m polystyrene fine particles of the same porous membrane test piece was 99.9%.
- NMP N-methylpyrrolidone (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., Wako Special Grade)
- DMF N, N-dimethylformamide (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., reagent grade)
- DMAc N, N-dimethylacetamide (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., Wako Special Grade)
- the polymer (B′-2) using MMA was used instead of the macromonomer (b1-1).
- the resulting porous membrane had an average pore diameter of 590 nm and a contact angle with respect to pure water of 82.
- a porous membrane suitable for obtaining a membrane having a large and excellent fractionation performance and high water permeability could not be obtained.
- a polymer composition and a porous membrane suitable for obtaining a membrane having good fractionation performance and high water permeability can be obtained by using a polymer easily obtained by ordinary radical polymerization. .
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2012年12月20日に、日本に出願された特願2012-278592号、及び2013年2月19日に、日本に出願された特願2013-029966号に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
[1]下式(1)で示されるメタクリル酸エステルマクロモノマー(b1)(以下、「マクロモノマー(b1)」という)と、その他のモノマー(b2)とを含むモノマー組成物を重合して得られるポリマー(B)を含む、ポリマー組成物。
Zは、末端基である。
nは、2~10,000の整数である。
Zは、末端基である。
nは、2~10,000の整数である。
膜形成ポリマー(A)は、本発明の第一の態様のポリマー組成物に含まれていてもよく、本発明の第二の態様の多孔質膜の構成成分の一つである。
膜形成ポリマー(A)は、単独で又は2種以上を組み合わせて使用することができる。
なお、本明細書において、Mwは、GPC(ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー)によるポリスチレン換算の質量平均分子量を用いるものとする。
マクロモノマー(b1)は、本発明のポリマー組成物及び多孔質膜に含有されるポリマー(B)の構成成分の一つである。
なお、本明細書において「モノマー」とはラジカル重合可能な基を有する化合物を意味する。
ラジカル重合可能な基としては、具体的には二重結合を有する基が挙げられる。
R1~Rnとしては、メチル基、エチル基、n-プロピル基又はi-プロピル基が好ましく、メチル基がより好ましい。
ポリマー(B)を構成する全モノマー単位に対する、その他のモノマー(b2)単位の割合は、90~10モル%であることが好ましく、80~20モル%であることが好ましい。
「モノマー単位」とは、ポリマーを構成するモノマー単位(単量体単位)を意味する。「ポリマー(B)を構成する全モノマー単位」とは、「マクロモノマー(b1)単位」のモル数と「他のモノマー(b2)単位」のモル数の合計を意味する。
その他のモノマー(b2)は、本発明のポリマー組成物及び多孔質膜に含有されるポリマー(B)を構成するための原料の一つである。
ここで、「(メタ)アクリル酸」とは、α位に水素原子が結合したアクリル酸と、α位にメチル基が結合したメタクリル酸の一方あるいは両方を意味する。「(メタ)アクリレート」とは、α位に水素原子が結合したアクリレートと、α位にメチル基が結合したメタクリレートの一方あるいは両方を意味する。
本発明において、モノマー組成物は、マクロモノマー(b1)及びその他のモノマー(b2)を含む。
マクロモノマー(b1)とその他のモノマー(b2)との組み合わせとしては、マクロモノマー(b1)としてのポリメタクリル酸メチルマクロモノマーと、その他のモノマー(b2)としての(メタ)アクリル酸又は(メタ)アクリレートとの組み合わせが好ましく、マクロモノマー(b1)としてのポリメタクリル酸メチルマクロモノマーと、その他のモノマー(b2)としてのメタクリル酸メチル、メトキシ-ジエチレングリコールメタクリレート、メトキシ-ノナエチレングリコールメタクリレート、メタクリル酸2-ヒドロキシエチル、アクリル酸2-ヒドロキシエチル、及びメタクリル酸との組み合わせがより好ましい。
ポリマー(B)は、本発明のポリマー組成物及び多孔質膜の構成成分の一つである。
「モノマー単位」とは、ポリマーを構成するモノマー単位(単量体単位)を意味する。「ポリマー(B)を構成する全モノマー単位」とは、「マクロモノマー(b1)単位」のモル数と「他のモノマー(b2)単位」のモル数の合計を意味する。
本発明の第二の態様における多孔質膜は、膜形成ポリマー(A)及びポリマー(B)を含有する樹脂組成物から形成される。
また、膜形成ポリマー(A)の含有量が95質量部以下であると、多孔質膜の外表面の純水に対する接触角を75°以下とすることができる傾向にある。
また、膜形成ポリマー(A)の含有量が95質量部以下であると、樹脂組成物から得られる多孔質膜の外表面の純水に対する接触角を75°以下とすることができる傾向にある。
また、ポリマー(B)の含有量が50質量部以下で耐酸化劣化性及び機械的耐久性を良好とすることができる。
また、ポリマー(B)の含有量が50量部以下で多孔質膜を得るために公的な樹脂組成物とすることができる。
具体的には、多孔質膜の外表面の任意の500μm×500μmの範囲を5箇所以上選択し、それらの中に存在するランダムに選択された細孔30個についての孔径を測定し、それらの平均値を求めることで平均孔径を得る方法で決定することができる。
また、多孔質膜が平膜の場合は、本発明の第一の態様におけるポリマー組成物を用いて、平滑な基板上にポリマー組成物を吐出口(紡糸口金)より塗布し、凝固液中で凝固させる工程を含む製造方法により平膜を形成することにより、多孔質膜の外表面の純水に対する接触角を低くすることができる。さらに、前記製造方法が凝固液を溶剤(C2)の水溶液とする工程を含むことにより、平均孔径を好ましい範囲にすることができる。
多孔質膜が中空糸膜の場合は、本発明の第一の態様におけるポリマー組成物を用いて、中空状の支持体上にポリマー組成物を紡糸ノズル内部又は紡糸ノズルの吐出口付近で塗布し、凝固液中で凝固させる工程を含む製造方法により中空糸膜を形成することにより、多孔質膜の外表面の純水に対する接触角を低くすることができる。この時、多孔質膜の前駆体を凝固させる前にエアギャップ領域を設けることが好ましい。エアギャップとは、吐出口と凝固液表面との間に前駆体と空気(外気)に暴露させる空間のことである。エアギャップを設けることにより、空気(外気)中に含まれる水蒸気によって、多孔質膜の前駆体表面のスピノーダル分解を起こすことができるため、より精密な構成制御が可能となる。
さらに、前記製造方法が凝固液を溶剤(C2)の水溶液とする工程を含むことにより、平均孔径を好ましい範囲にすることができる。
Flux = L/(S×t×P)
Flux:純水の透過流束(m3/m2/s/Pa)
L:純水の透水量(m3)
S:有効膜面積(m2)
t:透過時間(s)
P:測定圧力(Pa)
阻止率が90%に満たないときは、ウイルスの除去、たんぱく質若しくは酵素の精製又は上水用途で目詰まりや、ろ過差圧の上昇が起こり、寿命が短くなる傾向にある。
ここで、微粒子の阻止率は、タンク付ステンレスホルダー(Advantec(株)社製、KST-47(商品名))に、脱イオン水に平均粒径0.132μmのポリスチレンラテックス粒子 マクスフェア(株)製、公称粒径0.132μm)を25ppmの濃度になるように分散させてなる評価原液をタンク内に充填させて、挟み込んだ多孔質膜でろ過し、評価原液とろ過液の波長320nmの吸光度から、下記式を用いて求めることができる数値である。
Rjc = [(A1-A2)/A1]×100
Rjc:微粒子阻止率(%)
A1:評価原液の吸光度(abs)
A2:ろ過液の吸光度(abs)
吸光度は、分光光度計(パーキンエルマー製 LAMBDA850)を用いて測定することができる。
マクロボイドとは、多孔質膜の平均孔径が概ね10μm以上の構造のことである。
ここで「中空糸膜の肉厚」とは、膜を厚さ方向に切断した場合の断面における外表面から内表面までの長さを意味する。
多孔質膜の外表面の純水に対する接触角が20~73°である、多孔質膜であることが好ましい。
つまり、製膜液は、前記樹脂組成物と溶剤(C3)とを含むものである。
基板の材質は特に制限されないが、ガラス基板が好ましい。
製膜液を基板上に塗布する方法は特に制限されないが、バーコーターを用いることが好ましい。
塗膜積層体の厚みは、所望の多孔質膜の厚みに応じて適宜変更することができる。
多孔質膜が中空糸膜の場合、製膜液を中空状の支持体上にポリマー組成物を塗布し、凝固液中に浸漬させて凝固させることにより多孔質膜前駆体を得ることができる。
(1)マクロモノマー(b1)及びポリマーの組成及び構造
マクロモノマー(b1)及びポリマーの組成及び構造を、1H-NMR(日本電子(株)製、製品名:JNM-EX270)により解析した。
(2)膜形成ポリマー(A)のMw
膜形成ポリマー(A)のMwは、GPC(東ソー(株)製、「HLC-8020」(商品名))を使用して以下の条件で求めた。
・カラム:TSK GUARD COLUMN α(7.8mm ×40mm)と3本のTSK-GEL α―M(7.8×300mm)を直列に接続
・溶離液:DMF 20mM LiBr溶液
・測定温度:40℃
・流速:0.1mL/分
尚、Mwは、東ソー(株)製のポリスチレンスタンダード(Mp(ピークトップ分子量)が76,969,900、2,110,000、1,260,000、775,000、355,000、186,000、19,500、1,050及びNSスチレンモノマー(株)製のスチレンモノマー(M=104)の9種)を用いて作成した検量線を使用して求めた。
(3)マクロモノマー(b1)、制御重合ポリマー(b’1)及びポリマー(B)のMn及びMw/Mn
マクロモノマー(b1)、制御重合ポリマー(b’1)のMn及びMw/Mnは、GPC(東ソー(株)製、「HLC-8220」(商品名))を使用して以下の条件で求めた。
・カラム:TSK GUARD COLUMN SUPER HZ-L(4.6×35mm)と2本のTSK-GEL SUPER HZM-N(6.0×150mm)を直列に接続
・溶離液:クロロホルム、DMF又はTHF
・測定温度:40℃
・流速:0.6mL/分
尚、Mw及びMnは、Polymer Laboratories製のポリメタクリル酸メチル(Mp(ピークトップ分子量)が141,500、55,600、10,290及び1,590の4種)を用いて作成した検量線を使用して求めた。
(4)接触角
多孔質膜の純水に対する接触角を以下の方法で測定した。
(5)平均孔径
多孔質膜の外表面の任意の500μm×500μmの範囲を5箇所以上選択し、それらの中に存在するランダムに選択された細孔30個についての孔径を測定し、それらの平均値を平均孔径とした。
(6)透過流速の測定
多孔質膜試験片を直径4.2cmの円形に裁断し、エタノール(和光純薬(株)製、試薬特級)に20分間浸漬しエタノールを含浸させた。次いで、エタノールを含浸させた多孔質膜試験片を脱イオン水に2時間以上浸漬し、タンク付ステンレスホルダー(Advantec(株)社製、KST-47(商品名)、有効膜面積12,5cm2)に挟み込んだ。タンク付ステンレスホルダー内を150ml程度の脱イオン水で満たしてからトップキャップをクランプで圧漏れがないように密栓し、測定圧力0.1MPaの空気を用いて単位時間あたりの透水量から下記式を用いて透過流束(フラックス)を算出した。透過流束(フラックス)の値が大きいほど透水性能が高いことを意味する。
Flux = L/(S×t×P)
Flux:純水の透過流束(m3/m2/s/Pa)
L:純水の透水量(m3)
S:有効膜面積(m2)
t:透過時間(s)
P:測定圧力(Pa)
(7)微粒子の阻止率
透過流速の測定に用いた多孔質膜を、タンク付ステンレスホルダー(Advantec(株)社製、KST-47(商品名))に挟み込み、脱イオン水に平均粒径0.132μmのポリスチレンラテックス粒子(株)マグスフェア製、公称粒径0.132μm)を25ppmの濃度になるように分散させてなる評価原液をタンク内に充填させて、挟み込んだ多孔質膜で測定圧力0.1MPaろ過し、評価原液とろ過液の波長320nmの吸光度から
Rjc = [(A1-A2)/A1]×100
Rjc:微粒子阻止率(%)
A1:評価原液の吸光度(abs)
A2:ろ過液の吸光度(abs)
によって求めた。
吸光度測定は、分光光度計(パーキンエルマー製 LAMBDA850)を用いた。
撹拌装置を備えた反応装置中に、窒素雰囲気下で、酢酸コバルト(II)四水和物(和光純薬(株)製、和光特級)1.00g、ジフェニルグリオキシム(東京化成(株)製、EPグレード)1.93g及び予め窒素バブリングにより脱酸素したジエチルエーテル(関東化学(株)製、特級)80mlを入れ、室温で30分間攪拌した。次いで、三フッ化ホウ素ジエチルエーテル錯体(東京化成(株)製、EPグレード)10mlを加え、更に6時間攪拌した。混合物をろ過し、固体をジエチルエーテル(関東化学(株)製、特級)で洗浄し、15時間真空乾燥して、赤褐色固体であるコバルト連鎖移動剤CoBF-1を2.12g得た。
撹拌機、冷却管及び温度計を備えた反応装置中に、17%水酸化カリウム水溶液61.6部、メタクリル酸メチル(三菱レイヨン(株)製、商品名:アクリエステルM)19.1部及び脱イオン水19.3部を仕込んだ。次いで、反応装置内の液を室温にて撹拌し、発熱ピークを確認した後、更に4時間撹拌した。この後、反応装置中の反応液を室温まで冷却してメタクリル酸カリウム水溶液を得た。
冷却管付フラスコに、メタクリル酸メチル(三菱レイヨン(株)製、商品名:アクリエステルM)100部、脱イオン水150部、硫酸ナトリウム1.39部、分散剤1、1.53部、CoBF-1、0.00075部を仕込んだ。フラスコ内の液を70℃に加温した状態で、CoBF-1を溶解させ、窒素バブリングにより内部を窒素置換した。次いで、AIBN、1質量部を加えた後、内温を70℃に保った状態で、6時間保持し、重合を完結させた。この後、重合反応物を室温まで冷却し、更にろ過して重合体を回収した。得られた重合体を水洗後、50℃で一晩真空乾燥することによりマクロモノマー(b1-1)を得た。マクロモノマー(b1-1)のMnは11,000、Mw/Mnは2.0、平均重合度は(110)であった。マクロモノマー(b1-1)の末端二重結合の導入率はほぼ100%であった。マクロモノマー(b1-1)は、前記の式(1)において、Rはメチル基であった。
冷却管付フラスコにMMA100部、2-シアノ-2-プロピルベンゾチオネート(シグマアルドリッチ社製、純度 97%>HPLC)0.221部及び溶媒(C1)としてトルエン(和光純薬(株)製、試薬特級)100部を投入し、窒素バブリングにより内部を窒素置換した。次いで、フラスコ内の液を加温して内温を70℃に保った状態で、ラジカル重合開始剤としてAIBN、0.1部(和光純薬(株)、和光特級)を加えた後、4時間保持し、次いで80℃に昇温して30分間保持し、重合を完結させた。この後、重合反応物を室温まで冷却し、大量のメタノール(和光純薬(株)、試薬特級)で再沈殿させた。再沈殿によって析出したポリマーを回収し、50℃及び50mmHg(6.67kPa)以下の条件で一晩真空乾燥して制御重合ポリマー(b’1-1)を得た。制御重合ポリマー(b’1-1)のMnは11,000、Mw/Mnは1.1であった。
冷却管付フラスコに、マクロモノマー(b1-1)50部、その他のモノマー(b2)としてPME-400(日本油脂(株)製、商品名:ブレンマーPME-400)50部及び溶媒(C2)としてトルエン(和光純薬(株)製、試薬特級)150部を含有するモノマー組成物を投入し、窒素バブリングにより内部を窒素置換した。次いで、モノマー組成物を加温して内温を70℃に保った状態で、ラジカル重合開始剤としてAIBN、0.1部(和光純薬(株)、和光特級)をモノマー組成物に加えた後、4時間保持し、次いで80℃に昇温して30分間保持し、重合を完結させた。この後、重合反応物を室温まで冷却し、大量のヘキサン(和光純薬(株)、試薬特級)で再沈殿させた。再沈殿によって析出したポリマーを回収し、50℃及び50mmHg(6.67kPa)以下の条件で一晩真空乾燥してポリマー(B-1)を得た。
MMA:メタクリル酸メチル(三菱レイヨン(株)製、商品名:アクリエステルM)
PME-100:(日本油脂(株)製、ブレンマーPME-100(商品名))
PME-400(日本油脂(株)製、ブレンマーPME-400(商品名))
HEMA:メタクリル酸2-ヒドロキシエチル(三菱レイヨン(株)製、商品名:アクリエステルHOMA)
HEA:アクリル酸2-ヒドロキシエチル(和光純薬(株)製、和光一級)
MAA:メタクリル酸(三菱レイヨン(株)製、商品名:メタクリル酸)
TOL:トルエン(和光純薬(株)製、試薬特級)
THF:テトラヒドロフラン(和光純薬(株)製、試薬特級)
DMF:N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド(和光純薬(株)製、試薬特級)
DMAc:N,N-ジメチルアセトアミド(和光純薬(株)製、和光一級)
表1に示す組成のモノマー組成物を使用する以外は合成例5と同様の方法にてポリマー(B-2)、(B-3)、(B’-1)及び(B’-2)を得た。得られたポリマー(B-2)、(B-3)、(B’-1)及び(B’-2)の収率は、ほぼ100%であった。GPC測定における溶離液としてクロロホルムを用いた。ポリマー(B-2)、(B-3)、(B’-1)及び(B’-2)の評価結果を表1に示す。
表1に示す組成のモノマー組成物及び溶剤(C2)を使用し、ポリマーの再沈殿にヘキサンの代わりに脱イオン水を使用する以外は合成例5と同様の方法にてポリマー(B-4)を得た。得られたポリマー(B-4)の収率は、ほぼ100%であった。GPC測定における溶離液としてDMFを用いた。ポリマー(B-4)の評価結果を表1に示す。
表1に示す組成のモノマー組成物を使用する以外は合成例7と同様の方法にてポリマー(B-5)を得た。得られたポリマー(B-5)の収率は、ほぼ100%であった。GPC測定における溶離液としてクロロホルムを用いた。ポリマー(B-5)の評価結果を表1に示す。
表1に示す組成のモノマー組成物及び溶剤(C2)を使用し、ポリマーの再沈殿にヘキサンの代わりに脱イオン水を使用する以外は合成例5と同様の方法にてポリマー(B-6)、(B-7)及び(B-8)を得た。得られたポリマー(B-6)、(B-7)及び(B-8)の収率は、ほぼ100%であった。GPC測定における溶離液としてTHFを用いた。ポリマー(B-6)、(B-7)及び(B-8)の評価結果を表1に示す。
表1に示す組成のモノマー組成物を使用する以外は合成例4と同様の方法にてポリマー(B’-3)を得た。得られたポリマー(B’-3)の収率は、ほぼ100%であった。GPC測定における溶離液としてDMFを用いた。ポリマー(B’-3)の評価結果を表1に示す。
膜形成ポリマー(A)としてKynar761A(アルケマ社製、PVDFホモポリマー、商品名、Mw=550,000)16部、ポリマー(B)としてポリマー(B-1)12部及び溶剤(C3)としてNMP(和光純薬(株)製、和光特級)72部をガラス容器に配合し、50℃で、スターラーで10時間攪拌して製膜液を調製した。
Kynar761A:PVDFホモポリマー(アルケマ社製、商品名、Mw=550,000)
Kynar301F:PVDFホモポリマー(アルケマ社製、商品名、Mw=600,000)
NMP:N-メチルピロリドン(和光純薬(株)製、和光特級)
DMF:N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド(和光純薬(株)製、試薬特級)
DMAc:N,N-ジメチルアセトアミド(和光純薬(株)製、和光一級)
製膜液及び凝固浴として表2に示すものを使用する以外は実施例1と同様にして多孔質膜試験片を得た。評価結果を表2に示す。
実施例15で得られた多孔質膜試験片を用いて透過流束(フラックス)を測定したところ、2.21×10-9(m3/m2/s/Pa)であった。
また、同じ多孔質膜試験片の、0.132μmのポリスチレン微粒子の阻止率は99.9%であった。
製膜液及び凝固浴として表3に示すものを使用する以外は実施例1と同様にして多孔質膜試験片を得た。評価結果を表3に示す。
実施例16と同様に、比較例6で得られた多孔質膜試験片を用いて透過流束(フラックス)を測定したところ、1.43×10-9(m3/m2/s/Pa)であった。
また同じ多孔質試験片の、0.132μmのポリスチレン微粒子の阻止率は99.0%であった。
Kynar761A:PVDFホモポリマー(アルケマ社製、商品名、Mw=550,000)
Kynar301F:PVDFホモポリマー(アルケマ社製、商品名、Mw=600,000)
NMP:N-メチルピロリドン(和光純薬(株)製、和光特級)
DMF:N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド(和光純薬(株)製、試薬特級)
DMAc:N,N-ジメチルアセトアミド(和光純薬(株)製、和光特級)
Claims (10)
- さらに、膜形成ポリマー(A)を含む請求項1に記載のポリマー組成物。
- 前記膜形成ポリマー(A)がフッ素含有ポリマーである請求項2に記載のポリマー組成物。
- 前記その他のモノマー(b2)が、(メタ)アクリル酸又は(メタ)アクリレートである請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載のポリマー組成物。
- 前記ポリマー組成物から形成される多孔質膜の外表面の純水に対する接触角が75°以下である請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載のポリマー組成物。
- 前記膜形成ポリマー(A)がフッ素含有ポリマーである請求項6に記載の多孔質膜。
- 多孔質膜の外表面の純水に対する接触角が75°以下である請求項6又は7に記載の多孔質膜。
- 平均孔径が500nm以下の細孔を有する、請求項6~8のいずれか一項に記載の多孔質膜。
- 平均孔径が120nm以下の細孔を有する、請求項6~8のいずれか一項に記載の多孔質膜。
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WO2018181365A1 (ja) * | 2017-03-27 | 2018-10-04 | 三菱ケミカル株式会社 | 多孔質膜、膜モジュール、水処理装置、及び多孔質膜の製造方法 |
WO2020066685A1 (ja) * | 2018-09-26 | 2020-04-02 | 三菱ケミカル株式会社 | タンパク質付着抑制用共重合体、共重合体の製造方法、樹脂改質剤、成形材料、共重合体含有組成物、塗膜および物品 |
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JP6524806B2 (ja) * | 2014-06-10 | 2019-06-05 | 三菱ケミカル株式会社 | 多孔質膜の製造方法 |
US10130918B2 (en) * | 2016-09-16 | 2018-11-20 | Pall Corporation | Fluoropolymers and membranes comprising fluoropolymers (III) |
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US10479855B2 (en) | 2015-06-02 | 2019-11-19 | Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation | (Meth)acrylic copolymer, adhesive composition and adhesive sheet containing same, and coating material and coated product using same |
WO2016194937A1 (ja) * | 2015-06-02 | 2016-12-08 | 三菱レイヨン株式会社 | (メタ)アクリル系共重合体、それを含む粘着組成物および粘着シート、並びにそれを用いた被覆材及び塗装物 |
TWI738656B (zh) * | 2015-06-02 | 2021-09-11 | 日商三菱化學股份有限公司 | 黏著組成物及黏著片以及使用其的披覆材及塗裝物 |
JP7003406B2 (ja) | 2015-06-02 | 2022-02-10 | 三菱ケミカル株式会社 | (メタ)アクリル系共重合体、それを含む粘着組成物および粘着シート、並びにそれを用いた被覆材及び塗装物 |
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WO2018181365A1 (ja) * | 2017-03-27 | 2018-10-04 | 三菱ケミカル株式会社 | 多孔質膜、膜モジュール、水処理装置、及び多孔質膜の製造方法 |
US11071954B2 (en) | 2017-03-27 | 2021-07-27 | Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation | Porous membrane, membrane module, water treatment device, and method for manufacturing porous membrane |
WO2020066685A1 (ja) * | 2018-09-26 | 2020-04-02 | 三菱ケミカル株式会社 | タンパク質付着抑制用共重合体、共重合体の製造方法、樹脂改質剤、成形材料、共重合体含有組成物、塗膜および物品 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR20150087331A (ko) | 2015-07-29 |
KR101883130B1 (ko) | 2018-07-27 |
CN104870081B (zh) | 2017-03-08 |
EP2937134A1 (en) | 2015-10-28 |
KR20180086513A (ko) | 2018-07-31 |
EP2937134A4 (en) | 2016-01-13 |
CN104870081A (zh) | 2015-08-26 |
JPWO2014098234A1 (ja) | 2017-01-12 |
US20170087520A1 (en) | 2017-03-30 |
JP5768928B2 (ja) | 2015-08-26 |
US20150343392A1 (en) | 2015-12-03 |
KR102069080B1 (ko) | 2020-01-22 |
US9844759B2 (en) | 2017-12-19 |
EP3871758A1 (en) | 2021-09-01 |
KR20170110736A (ko) | 2017-10-11 |
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