WO2014051043A1 - 電気化学素子電極用導電性接着剤組成物、接着剤層付集電体及び電気化学素子用電極 - Google Patents
電気化学素子電極用導電性接着剤組成物、接着剤層付集電体及び電気化学素子用電極 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014051043A1 WO2014051043A1 PCT/JP2013/076236 JP2013076236W WO2014051043A1 WO 2014051043 A1 WO2014051043 A1 WO 2014051043A1 JP 2013076236 W JP2013076236 W JP 2013076236W WO 2014051043 A1 WO2014051043 A1 WO 2014051043A1
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- Prior art keywords
- conductive adhesive
- adhesive composition
- structural unit
- adhesive layer
- electrode
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- PMUKAEUGVCXPDF-UAIGNFCESA-L dilithium;(z)-but-2-enedioate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C(=O)\C=C/C([O-])=O PMUKAEUGVCXPDF-UAIGNFCESA-L 0.000 description 1
- LDCRTTXIJACKKU-ARJAWSKDSA-N dimethyl maleate Chemical compound COC(=O)\C=C/C(=O)OC LDCRTTXIJACKKU-ARJAWSKDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SHPKCSFVQGSAJU-UAIGNFCESA-L dipotassium;(z)-but-2-enedioate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C(=O)\C=C/C([O-])=O SHPKCSFVQGSAJU-UAIGNFCESA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- MSJMDZAOKORVFC-UAIGNFCESA-L disodium maleate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)\C=C/C([O-])=O MSJMDZAOKORVFC-UAIGNFCESA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002019 disulfides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WNAHIZMDSQCWRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecane-1-thiol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCS WNAHIZMDSQCWRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010556 emulsion polymerization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MEGHWIAOTJPCHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl butanoate Chemical compound CCCC(=O)OC=C MEGHWIAOTJPCHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UIWXSTHGICQLQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl propanoate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC=C UIWXSTHGICQLQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- STVZJERGLQHEKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol dimethacrylate Substances CC(=C)C(=O)OCCOC(=O)C(C)=C STVZJERGLQHEKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYMOEINVGRTEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N fumaric acid monoethyl ester Natural products CCOC(=O)C=CC(O)=O XLYMOEINVGRTEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NKHAVTQWNUWKEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N fumaric acid monomethyl ester Natural products COC(=O)C=CC(O)=O NKHAVTQWNUWKEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002241 glass-ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000008282 halocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002391 heterocyclic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002768 hydroxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000006358 imidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003480 inorganic solid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001989 lithium alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- GLNWILHOFOBOFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium sulfide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[S-2] GLNWILHOFOBOFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BLKXGOSKCMAKDP-ODZAUARKSA-M lithium;(z)-but-2-enedioate;hydron Chemical compound [Li+].OC(=O)\C=C/C([O-])=O BLKXGOSKCMAKDP-ODZAUARKSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- QUIOHQITLKCGNW-ODZAUARKSA-L magnesium;(z)-but-2-enedioate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C(=O)\C=C/C([O-])=O QUIOHQITLKCGNW-ODZAUARKSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000002689 maleic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005439 maleimidyl group Chemical group C1(C=CC(N1*)=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- NKHAVTQWNUWKEO-IHWYPQMZSA-N methyl hydrogen fumarate Chemical compound COC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O NKHAVTQWNUWKEO-IHWYPQMZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XJRBAMWJDBPFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl vinyl ether Chemical compound COC=C XJRBAMWJDBPFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylenebutanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013081 microcrystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- SEEYREPSKCQBBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-methylmaleimide Chemical compound CN1C(=O)C=CC1=O SEEYREPSKCQBBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HILCQVNWWOARMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N non-1-en-3-one Chemical compound CCCCCCC(=O)C=C HILCQVNWWOARMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- KZCOBXFFBQJQHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane-1-thiol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCS KZCOBXFFBQJQHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SRSFOMHQIATOFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N octanoyl octaneperoxoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(=O)OOC(=O)CCCCCCC SRSFOMHQIATOFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005486 organic electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003002 pH adjusting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- UCUUFSAXZMGPGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N penta-1,4-dien-3-one Chemical class C=CC(=O)C=C UCUUFSAXZMGPGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid di-n-butyl ester Natural products CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCC DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920005569 poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001195 polyisoprene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000128 polypyrrole Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005077 polysulfide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001021 polysulfide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000008117 polysulfides Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- QPMDWIOUHQWKHV-ODZAUARKSA-M potassium;(z)-4-hydroxy-4-oxobut-2-enoate Chemical compound [K+].OC(=O)\C=C/C([O-])=O QPMDWIOUHQWKHV-ODZAUARKSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- FZYCEURIEDTWNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-1-en-2-ylbenzene Chemical compound CC(=C)C1=CC=CC=C1.CC(=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 FZYCEURIEDTWNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enylbenzene Chemical compound C=CCC1=CC=CC=C1 HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HNJBEVLQSNELDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrrolidin-2-one Chemical compound O=C1CCCN1 HNJBEVLQSNELDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007717 redox polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940047670 sodium acrylate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940083575 sodium dodecyl sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010267 sodium hydrogen sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940067741 sodium octyl sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium persulfate Substances [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229960000776 sodium tetradecyl sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- VRVKOZSIJXBAJG-ODZAUARKSA-M sodium;(z)-but-2-enedioate;hydron Chemical compound [Na+].OC(=O)\C=C/C([O-])=O VRVKOZSIJXBAJG-ODZAUARKSA-M 0.000 description 1
- HFQQZARZPUDIFP-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2-dodecylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1S([O-])(=O)=O HFQQZARZPUDIFP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- HEBRGEBJCIKEKX-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2-hexadecylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1S([O-])(=O)=O HEBRGEBJCIKEKX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- XZTJQQLJJCXOLP-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;decyl sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O XZTJQQLJJCXOLP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- GGHPAKFFUZUEKL-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;hexadecyl sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O GGHPAKFFUZUEKL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- NWZBFJYXRGSRGD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;octadecyl sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O NWZBFJYXRGSRGD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WFRKJMRGXGWHBM-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;octyl sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O WFRKJMRGXGWHBM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- UPUIQOIQVMNQAP-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;tetradecyl sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O UPUIQOIQVMNQAP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N stilbene Chemical group C=1C=CC=CC=1C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011115 styrene butadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid Substances OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002447 thiram Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J9/00—Adhesives characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced, e.g. glue sticks
- C09J9/02—Electrically-conducting adhesives
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/20—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material
- H01B1/24—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material the conductive material comprising carbon-silicon compounds, carbon or silicon
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/26—Electrodes characterised by their structure, e.g. multi-layered, porosity or surface features
- H01G11/28—Electrodes characterised by their structure, e.g. multi-layered, porosity or surface features arranged or disposed on a current collector; Layers or phases between electrodes and current collectors, e.g. adhesives
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
- H01G11/32—Carbon-based
- H01G11/38—Carbon pastes or blends; Binders or additives therein
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/66—Current collectors
- H01G11/70—Current collectors characterised by their structure
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
- H01M4/622—Binders being polymers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors
Definitions
- the present invention is obtained by using a conductive adhesive composition for an electrochemical element electrode capable of forming a uniform conductive adhesive layer having excellent adhesion, and using the conductive adhesive composition for an electrochemical element electrode.
- the present invention relates to a current collector with an adhesive layer and an electrode for an electrochemical element.
- an electrochemical element typified by a lithium ion battery has high energy density and output density, and is expected to be used in small applications such as mobile phones and notebook personal computers, and in large applications such as in-vehicle use. Therefore, with the expansion and development of applications, these electrochemical elements are required to be further improved, such as lowering resistance, higher capacity, higher withstand voltage, mechanical characteristics, and improved cycle life.
- Electrochemical elements can increase the operating voltage and energy density by using an organic electrolyte, but on the other hand, there is a problem that the internal resistance is large due to the high viscosity of the electrolyte.
- Patent Document 1 a conductive adhesive layer using a conductive adhesive composition for an electrochemical element electrode containing carbon fine particles as a conductive material and a polysaccharide polymer polymer cross-linked with a cross-linking agent as a binder. Is forming.
- Patent Document 1 since there are many gels in the adhesive composition, there is a possibility that uneven coating may occur when the adhesive composition is applied to a current collector in order to form a conductive adhesive layer. It was. As a result, the adhesiveness of the formed conductive adhesive layer to the current collector deteriorates, and further, current may flow locally in the resulting electrochemical device, which may result in poor cycle characteristics (lifetime). . Moreover, in patent document 1, since the wetness of the adhesive composition with respect to a collector was bad, when applying an adhesive composition at high speed, there existed a possibility that the uncoated part might generate
- the present invention can be applied uniformly to a current collector, and the resulting electrochemical element has a good cycle characteristic, and a conductive adhesive composition for an electrochemical element electrode, a current collector with an adhesive layer, and It is to provide an electrode for an electrochemical element.
- An electrobutylene / maleic anhydride copolymer comprising a structural unit (a) represented by the following: and a partially hydrolyzed conductive adhesive composition for an electrochemical element electrode,
- the water-soluble polymer is represented by the following general formula (II) (In the general formula (II), R 1 is at least one functional group selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 3
- the structural unit (b) or / and the following formula (III) The conductive adhesive composition for electrochemical element electrodes according to claim 1 or 2, comprising the structural unit (c) represented by: (4) In the water-soluble polymer, the content ratio of the structural unit (a), the structural unit (b), and the structural unit (c) is a molar ratio of the structural unit (a) / the structural unit.
- the conductive carbon content is 8 to 38% by mass
- the water-soluble polymer content is 2 to 4% by mass
- the particulate binder content is 2 to 20% by mass
- the dispersion The conductive adhesive composition for electrochemical element electrodes according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the content of the medium is 60 to 90% by mass, (6)
- An electrode for an electrochemical device having an electrode active material layer containing an electrode active material on the
- a conductive adhesive composition for an electrochemical element electrode that can be uniformly applied to a current collector and has good cycle characteristics of the obtained electrochemical element, a current collector with an adhesive layer, and An electrode for an electrochemical element is provided.
- the conductive adhesive composition for electrochemical element electrodes of the present invention comprises conductive carbon, a water-soluble polymer, a particulate binder and a dispersion medium, and the water-soluble polymer is represented by the following general formula (I):
- Is an isobutylene / maleic anhydride copolymer comprising the structural unit (a) represented by the formula (1), and is partially hydrolyzed.
- structural unit (a) represented by the formula (1)
- the form of conductive carbon used in the conductive adhesive composition for electrochemical element electrodes according to the present invention is not particularly limited, but is generally Is a carbon particle.
- a carbon particle is a particle which consists only of carbon, or consists only of carbon substantially. Specific examples include graphite with high conductivity due to the presence of delocalized ⁇ -electrons (specifically, natural graphite, artificial graphite, etc.), and several layers of graphite carbon microcrystals gathered together to form a turbulent structure.
- Carbon black (specifically, acetylene black, ketjen black, other furnace blacks, channel blacks, thermal lamp blacks, etc.), carbon fibers, carbon whiskers, etc.
- Graphite or carbon black is particularly preferable in that the particles can be packed at a high density, the electron transfer resistance of the conductive adhesive layer can be reduced, and the internal resistance of the lithium ion battery can be further reduced.
- These conductive carbons may be used alone or in combination of two kinds.
- the electrical resistivity of the conductive carbon is preferably 0.0001 to 1 ⁇ ⁇ cm, more preferably 0.0005 to 0.5 ⁇ ⁇ cm, and particularly preferably 0.001 to 0.1 ⁇ ⁇ cm.
- the electrical resistivity is a resistance value converged with respect to the pressure measured by continuously applying pressure to the carbon particles using a powder resistance measurement system (MCP-PD51 type: manufactured by Dia Instruments).
- the electrical resistivity ⁇ ( ⁇ ⁇ cm) R ⁇ (S / d) is calculated from R ( ⁇ ), the area S (cm 2 ) of the compressed carbon particle layer, and the thickness d (cm).
- the volume average particle diameter of the conductive carbon is preferably 0.01 to 20 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.02 to 15 ⁇ m, and particularly preferably 0.03 to 10 ⁇ m.
- the volume average particle diameter of the conductive carbon is within this range, the conductive carbon of the conductive adhesive layer is filled with high density, so that the electron transfer resistance is further reduced and the internal resistance of the lithium ion battery is further reduced.
- the volume average particle diameter is a volume average particle diameter calculated by measuring with a laser diffraction particle size distribution analyzer (SALD-3100, manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation).
- the water-soluble polymer refers to a polymer having an insoluble content of less than 0.5 mass% when 0.5 g of the polymer is dissolved in 100 g of water at 25 ° C.
- the water-soluble polymer used in the conductive adhesive composition for electrochemical element electrodes of the present invention is represented by the following formula (I):
- An isobutylene / maleic anhydride copolymer containing a structural unit (a) represented by A part of the structural unit (a) contained in the water-soluble polymer is hydrolyzed.
- the isobutylene / maleic anhydride copolymer described above may be partially imidized. That is, the water-soluble polymer used in the conductive adhesive composition for electrochemical element electrodes of the present invention is represented by the following general formula (II):
- R 1 is at least one functional group selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, a phenyl group and a hydroxyphenyl group. is there.
- It may contain the structural unit (b) (maleic imide modified unit) shown by these.
- the copolymer has the following general formula (IV) (In the general formula (IV), X represents a maleic acid residue, which may be partially neutralized with ions other than hydrogen ions, may be partially dehydrated, and may be partially It may be esterified.)
- the structural unit (d) shown by may be included.
- the structural unit (b) is a structural unit having a maleimide skeleton represented by the general formula (II). This structural unit is derived from, for example, maleimides represented by the following general formula (II-1) or obtained by imidation of the structural unit (d) described later.
- R 2 is at least one functional group selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, a phenyl group, and a hydroxyphenyl group.
- Specific examples of the compound that leads to the structural unit (b) represented by the general formula (II-1) include maleimide, N-methylmaleimide, N-ethylmaleimide, N-propylmaleimide, N-butylmaleimide, N-pentyl.
- the structural unit (d) is a structural unit having a maleic acid skeleton represented by the general formula (IV).
- the structural unit (d) may be partially neutralized with ions other than hydrogen ions, may be partially anhydrous, and may be partially esterified.
- This structural unit is derived from, for example, maleic acid represented by the following general formula (IV-1) or maleic anhydride represented by (IV-2).
- R 3 and R 4 may be the same or different and are neutralized by hydrogen or alkyl groups, alkali metal ions, alkaline earth metal ions, ammonium ions, alkylamines or alkanolamines.
- Specific examples of the compound that leads to the structural unit (d) represented by the general formula (IV-1) include maleic acid ester and / or maleate.
- maleic acid esters include monomethyl maleate, dimethyl maleate, monoethyl maleate, diethyl maleate, monopropyl maleate, and dipropyl maleate.
- Maleates include alkali metal salts of maleic acid such as monolithium maleate, dilithium maleate, monosodium maleate, disodium maleate, monopotassium maleate, dipotassium maleate, calcium maleate, magnesium maleate, etc.
- Alkaline earth metal salt of maleic acid ammonium salt of maleic acid such as monoammonium maleate, diammonium maleate, monomethylammonium maleate, bismonomethylammonium maleate, monodimethylammonium maleate, bisdimethylammonium maleate
- Alkylamine salts of maleic acid 2-hydroxyethylammonium maleate, bis-2-hydroxyethylammonium maleate, di (2-hydroxyethyl maleate) Examples thereof include alkanolamine salts of maleic acid such as (til) ammonium and bisdi (2-hydroxyethyl) ammonium maleate.
- Specific examples of the compound that leads to the structural unit (d) represented by the general formula (IV-2) include maleic anhydride.
- maleic acids or maleic anhydrides that lead to the structural unit (d) as described above can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the water-soluble polymer used in the conductive adhesive composition for electrochemical element electrodes of the present invention is represented by the following formula (III) May contain the structural unit (c) (amine maleate-modified unit).
- the molecular weight (Mw) of the water-soluble polymer used in the present invention is 30,000 or more from the viewpoint of obtaining a coating film having high adhesion to the current collector, and a coating material suitable for high-speed coating is used. From the viewpoint of being obtained, it is 300,000 or less, preferably 280,000 or less, more preferably 250,000 or less.
- the particulate binder used in the conductive adhesive composition for electrochemical device electrodes of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a compound capable of binding conductive carbon to each other.
- a suitable particulate binder is a dispersion type binder having a property of being dispersed in a dispersion medium.
- the dispersion-type binder include polymer compounds such as a fluorine polymer, a diene polymer, an acrylic polymer, a polyimide, a polyamide, and a polyurethane polymer.
- the diene polymer is a homopolymer of a conjugated diene or a copolymer obtained by polymerizing a monomer mixture containing a conjugated diene, or a hydrogenated product thereof.
- Specific examples of the diene polymer include conjugated diene homopolymers such as polybutadiene and polyisoprene; aromatic vinyl / conjugated diene copolymers such as carboxy-modified styrene / butadiene copolymer (SBR); Examples thereof include vinyl cyanide / conjugated diene copolymers such as acrylonitrile / butadiene copolymer (NBR); hydrogenated SBR, hydrogenated NBR, and the like.
- the acrylic polymer is a homopolymer of acrylic ester or methacrylic ester or a copolymer with a monomer copolymerizable therewith.
- the copolymerizable monomer include unsaturated carboxylic acids such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, and fumaric acid; two or more carbons such as ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, diethylene glycol dimethacrylate, and trimethylolpropane triacrylate.
- Carboxylates having carbon double bonds including styrene, chlorostyrene, vinyl toluene, t-butyl styrene, vinyl benzoic acid, methyl vinyl benzoate, vinyl naphthalene, chloromethyl styrene, hydroxymethyl styrene, ⁇ -methyl styrene, Styrenic monomers such as divinylbenzene; Amide monomers such as acrylamide, N-methylolacrylamide, and acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid; ⁇ , ⁇ -insoluble such as acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile Japanese nitrile compounds; olefins such as ethylene and propylene; diene monomers such as butadiene and isoprene; monomers containing halogen atoms such as vinyl chloride and vinylidene chloride; vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, vinyl butyrate, vinyl benzoate Vinyl esters such as methyl
- the content of the particulate binder in the conductive adhesive composition is 0.5 to 10% by mass, preferably 0.7 to 8% by mass, more preferably 1 to 6% by mass.
- the ratio of the 1,3-butadiene monomer unit in 100 parts by mass of the binder is preferably 40 to 75 parts by mass, and more preferably 45 to 75 parts by mass.
- the ratio of the acrylonitrile monomer unit in 100 parts by mass of the binder is preferably 20 to 60 parts by mass, and more preferably 20 to 45 parts by mass.
- the manufacturing method of a particulate binder is not specifically limited, As mentioned above, it can obtain by carrying out emulsion polymerization of the monomer mixture containing the monomer which comprises a high molecular compound.
- the method for emulsion polymerization is not particularly limited, and a conventionally known emulsion polymerization method may be employed.
- Examples of the polymerization initiator used for emulsion polymerization include inorganic peroxides such as sodium persulfate, potassium persulfate, ammonium persulfate, potassium perphosphate, and hydrogen peroxide; t-butyl peroxide, cumene hydroperoxide, p-menthane hydroperoxide, di-t-butyl peroxide, t-butylcumyl peroxide, acetyl peroxide, isobutyryl peroxide, octanoyl peroxide, benzoyl peroxide, 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoyl peroxide Organic peroxides such as oxide and t-butylperoxyisobutyrate; azo compounds such as azobisisobutyronitrile, azobis-2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile, azobiscyclohexanecarbonitrile, methyl azobisisobutyrate, etc. Et That.
- inorganic peroxides can be preferably used.
- These polymerization initiators can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the peroxide initiator can also be used as a redox polymerization initiator in combination with a reducing agent such as sodium bisulfite.
- the amount of the polymerization initiator used is preferably 0.05 to 5 parts by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 2 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total amount of the monomer mixture used for the polymerization.
- a chain transfer agent at the time of emulsion polymerization in order to adjust the amount of insoluble tetrahydrofuran in the resulting particulate binder.
- the chain transfer agent include alkyl mercaptans such as n-hexyl mercaptan, n-octyl mercaptan, t-octyl mercaptan, n-dodecyl mercaptan, t-dodecyl mercaptan, n-stearyl mercaptan; dimethylxanthogen disulfide, diisopropylxanthogendi Xanthogen compounds such as sulfide; thiuram compounds such as terpinolene, tetramethylthiuram disulfide, tetraethylthiuram disulfide, tetramethylthiuram monosulfide; phenols such as 2,6-di-t-but
- alkyl mercaptans are preferable, and t-dodecyl mercaptan can be more preferably used.
- These chain transfer agents can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the amount of the chain transfer agent used is preferably 0.05 to 2 parts by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 1 part by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the monomer mixture.
- an anionic surfactant is preferable to use during the emulsion polymerization. By using an anionic surfactant, the polymerization stability can be improved.
- anionic surfactant those conventionally known in emulsion polymerization can be used.
- Specific examples of the anionic surfactant include sodium lauryl sulfate, ammonium lauryl sulfate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, ammonium dodecyl sulfate, sodium octyl sulfate, sodium decyl sulfate, sodium tetradecyl sulfate, sodium hexadecyl sulfate, sodium octadecyl sulfate and the like.
- alkylbenzene sulfonates such as sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, sodium lauryl benzene sulfonate, sodium hexadecyl benzene sulfonate
- fats such as sodium lauryl sulfonate, sodium dodecyl sulfonate, sodium tetradecyl sulfonate Group sulfonates; and the like.
- the amount of the anionic surfactant used is preferably 0.5 to 10 parts by mass, more preferably 1 to 5 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the monomer mixture.
- the amount used is small, the particle size of the obtained particles is large, and when the amount is large, the particle size tends to be small.
- a nonionic surfactant, a cationic surfactant, an amphoteric surfactant, etc. can also be used together.
- a pH adjusting agent such as sodium hydroxide and ammonia
- a dispersing agent such as sodium hydroxide and ammonia
- a chelating agent such as sodium hydroxide and ammonia
- an oxygen scavenger such as sodium hydroxide and ammonia
- a seed latex for adjusting the particle size
- seed latex refers to a dispersion of fine particles that becomes the nucleus of the reaction during emulsion polymerization.
- the fine particles often have a particle size of 100 nm or less.
- the fine particles are not particularly limited, and general-purpose polymers such as acrylic polymers are used.
- a particulate binder having a relatively uniform particle diameter can be obtained.
- the polymerization temperature for carrying out the polymerization reaction is not particularly limited, but is usually 0 to 100 ° C., preferably 40 to 80 ° C. Emulsion polymerization is performed in such a temperature range, and the polymerization reaction is stopped at a predetermined polymerization conversion rate by adding a polymerization terminator or cooling the polymerization system.
- the polymerization conversion rate for stopping the polymerization reaction is preferably 93% by mass or more, more preferably 95% by mass or more.
- the unreacted monomer is removed, the pH and solid content concentration are adjusted, and the particulate binder is obtained in a form (latex) dispersed in a dispersion medium. Thereafter, if necessary, the dispersion medium may be replaced, or the dispersion medium may be evaporated to obtain the particulate binder in powder form.
- the conductive adhesive composition for electrochemical element electrodes according to the present invention is a slurry-like composition in which the above-described conductive carbon, water-soluble polymer and particulate binder are dispersed in a dispersion medium.
- a dispersion medium water and various organic solvents can be used without particular limitation as long as the above-described components can be uniformly dispersed and the dispersion state can be stably maintained.
- the conductive adhesive composition for electrochemical element electrodes of the present invention may contain a dispersant for dispersing the above-described components.
- the dispersant include cellulosic polymers such as carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, ethylcellulose, and hydroxypropylcellulose, and ammonium salts or alkali metal salts thereof, and poly (meth) acrylates such as sodium poly (meth) acrylate. , Polyvinyl alcohol, modified polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene oxide, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polycarboxylic acid, oxidized starch, phosphate starch, casein, and various modified starches. These dispersants can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the content ratio of each component in the conductive adhesive composition for electrochemical element electrodes according to the present invention is not particularly limited, but a conductive adhesive layer having good conductivity can be formed, and the high speed of the adhesive composition can be formed.
- the conductive carbon content is 10 to 25% by mass, preferably 12 to 23% by mass, particularly preferably 14 to 20% by mass.
- the content ratio is 0.5 to 3% by mass, preferably 0.7 to 2.7% by mass, more preferably 1 to 2 from the viewpoint of obtaining a conductive adhesive layer having good adhesion and low internal resistance.
- the content of the particulate binder is 0.5 to 10% by mass, preferably 0.7 from the viewpoint of obtaining a conductive adhesive layer having good adhesion and low internal resistance. -8% by mass, more preferably 1-6% by mass.
- the balance is the dispersion medium and various components added as necessary.
- the content ratio of the dispersion medium is 62 to 89% by mass, preferably from the viewpoint of obtaining an adhesive composition having a viscosity characteristic capable of high-speed coating, and having a high drying rate when forming the conductive adhesive layer. 66 to 87 mass%, more preferably 70 to 84 mass%.
- the pH of the conductive adhesive composition for electrochemical element electrodes of the present invention is 6 to 10, preferably 6.5 to 9 from the viewpoint of obtaining a low resistance electrode without corroding the current collector. .7, more preferably 7.0 to 9.5.
- the conductive adhesive composition for electrochemical element electrodes is in a slurry state, and the viscosity thereof is usually 10 to 10,000 mPa ⁇ s, preferably 20 to 5,000 mPa ⁇ s, particularly preferably, depending on the coating method. 50 to 2,000 mPa ⁇ s. When the viscosity of the adhesive composition is within this range, a uniform conductive adhesive layer can be formed on the current collector.
- the method for producing the adhesive composition is not particularly limited, and any means may be used as long as each solid component can be dispersed in the dispersion medium.
- a particulate binder dispersion, a water-soluble polymer, conductive carbon and optional components added as needed are mixed together, and then a dispersion medium is added as necessary to obtain a solid content of the dispersion.
- the density may be adjusted.
- the conductive carbon may be added in a state dispersed in any dispersion medium.
- other components may be added after the particulate binder and the conductive carbon are brought into contact with each other.
- the current collector with an adhesive layer of the present invention is obtained by applying and drying the above-mentioned conductive adhesive composition for electrochemical device electrodes to the current collector for electrochemical devices.
- the material of the current collector is, for example, metal, carbon, conductive polymer, etc., and metal is preferably used.
- As the current collector metal aluminum, platinum, nickel, tantalum, titanium, stainless steel, copper, other alloys and the like are usually used. Among these, it is preferable to use copper, aluminum, or an aluminum alloy in terms of conductivity and voltage resistance.
- the thickness of the current collector is 5 to 100 ⁇ m, preferably 8 to 70 ⁇ m, and particularly preferably 10 to 50 ⁇ m.
- the method for forming the conductive adhesive layer is not particularly limited. For example, it is formed on the current collector by a doctor blade method, a dip method, a reverse roll method, a direct roll method, a gravure method, an extrusion method, a die coating method, a brush coating, or the like. Moreover, after forming a conductive adhesive layer on release paper, it may be transferred to a current collector.
- Examples of the method for drying the conductive adhesive layer include drying by hot air, hot air, low-humidity air, vacuum drying, and drying by irradiation with (far) infrared rays or electron beams. Of these, a drying method using hot air and a drying method using irradiation with far infrared rays are preferable.
- the drying temperature and the drying time are preferably a temperature and a time at which the solvent in the adhesive composition applied onto the current collector can be completely removed, and the drying temperature is usually 50 to 300 ° C., preferably 80 to 250 ° C.
- the drying time is usually 2 hours or less, preferably 5 seconds to 30 minutes.
- the thickness of the conductive adhesive layer is 0.5 to 5 ⁇ m, preferably 0.5 to 4 ⁇ m, from the viewpoint of obtaining an electrode having good adhesion to the electrode active material layer to be described later and low resistance. Particularly preferred is 0.5 to 3 ⁇ m.
- the conductive adhesive layer has a composition corresponding to the solid content composition of the conductive adhesive composition for electrochemical element electrodes, and includes conductive carbon, a water-soluble polymer, and a particulate binder.
- the electrode for an electrochemical element of the present invention has an electrode active material layer on the conductive adhesive layer of the current collector with the adhesive layer.
- the electrode active material layer includes an electrode active material, an electrode conductive material, and an electrode binder, and is prepared from an electrode slurry containing these components (hereinafter also referred to as “slurry”).
- the electrode active material may be a negative electrode active material or a positive electrode active material.
- the electrode active material is a material that transfers electrons in the battery.
- the positive electrode active material is a compound that can occlude and release lithium ions.
- the positive electrode active material is roughly classified into those made of inorganic compounds and those made of organic compounds.
- the positive electrode active material made of an inorganic compound examples include transition metal oxides, composite oxides of lithium and transition metals, and transition metal sulfides.
- transition metal Fe, Co, Ni, Mn and the like are used.
- inorganic compounds used for the positive electrode active material include lithium-containing composite metal oxides such as LiCoO 2 , LiNiO 2 , LiMnO 2 , LiMn 2 O 4 , LiFePO 4 , LiFeVO 4 ; TiS 2 , TiS 3 , non- Transition metal sulfides such as crystalline MoS 2 ; transition metal oxides such as Cu 2 V 2 O 3 , amorphous V 2 O—P 2 O 5 , MoO 3 , V 2 O 5 , V 6 O 13 It is done. These compounds may be partially element-substituted.
- Examples of the positive electrode active material made of an organic compound include polyaniline, polypyrrole, polyacene, disulfide compounds, polysulfide compounds, and N-fluoropyridinium salts.
- the positive electrode active material may be a mixture of the above inorganic compound and organic compound.
- the negative electrode active material examples include carbon allotropes such as graphite and coke.
- the negative electrode active material composed of the allotrope of carbon can also be used in the form of a mixture with a metal, a metal salt, an oxide, or the like or a cover.
- oxides and sulfates such as silicon, tin, zinc, manganese, iron, and nickel
- lithium alloys such as lithium metal, Li—Al, Li—Bi—Cd, and Li—Sn—Cd, Lithium transition metal nitride, silicone, etc. can be used.
- the volume average particle diameter of the electrode active material is usually 0.01 to 100 ⁇ m, preferably 0.05 to 50 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.1 to 20 ⁇ m for both the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode active material. These electrode active materials can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the conductive material for electrodes is made of an allotrope of particulate carbon that has conductivity and does not have pores that can form an electric double layer.
- furnace black, acetylene black, and ketjen black And conductive carbon black such as (registered trademark of Akzo Nobel Chemicals Beslo Tenfen Note Shap).
- acetylene black and furnace black are preferable.
- the electrode binder is not particularly limited as long as it is a compound that can bind the electrode active material and the electrode conductive material to each other.
- the amount of the binder for the electrode is such that the adhesion between the obtained electrode active material layer and the conductive adhesive layer can be sufficiently secured, and the capacity of the lithium ion battery can be increased and the internal resistance can be decreased.
- the amount is usually in the range of 0.1 to 50 parts by weight, preferably 0.5 to 20 parts by weight, more preferably 1 to 10 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the substance.
- the electrode active material layer is provided on the conductive adhesive layer, but the formation method is not limited.
- the slurry for forming the electrode active material layer can contain other dispersants and additives as necessary, with the electrode active material, the electrode conductive material and the electrode binder as essential components.
- dispersants include cellulosic polymers such as polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, ethylcellulose and hydroxypropylcellulose, and ammonium salts or alkali metal salts thereof; poly (meth) Examples include poly (meth) acrylates such as sodium acrylate; polyvinyl alcohol, modified polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene oxide, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polycarboxylic acid, oxidized starch, phosphate starch, casein, and various modified starches. These dispersants can be used alone or in combination of two or more. The amount of these dispersants is not particularly limited, but is usually 0.1 to 10 parts by weight, preferably 0.5 to 5 parts by weight, more preferably 0.8 parts per 100 parts by weight of the electrode active material. It is in the range of 8 to 2 parts by mass.
- the paste-like electrode slurry (positive electrode slurry or negative electrode slurry) is an essential component of the electrode active material, electrode conductive material and electrode binder, and other dispersants and additives.
- the paste-like electrode slurry can be produced by kneading in water or an organic solvent such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone or tetrahydrofuran.
- the solvent used for obtaining the slurry is not particularly limited, but when the above dispersant is used, a solvent capable of dissolving the dispersant is preferably used. Specifically, water is usually used, but an organic solvent may be used, or a mixed solvent of water and an organic solvent may be used.
- organic solvent examples include alkyl alcohols such as methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol and propyl alcohol; alkyl ketones such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone; ethers such as tetrahydrofuran, dioxane and diglyme; diethylformamide, dimethylacetamide and N-methyl- Amides such as 2-pyrrolidone and dimethylimidazolidinone; sulfur solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide and sulfolane; and the like.
- alkyl alcohols such as methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol and propyl alcohol
- alkyl ketones such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone
- ethers such as tetrahydrofuran, dioxane and diglyme
- diethylformamide dimethylacetamide and N-methyl- Amides
- sulfur solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide and sulfolane; and the like.
- the electrode slurry is preferably an aqueous slurry using water as a dispersion medium from the viewpoint of easy drying of the electrode active material layer and excellent load on the environment.
- water and an organic solvent having a lower boiling point than water are used in combination, the drying rate can be increased during spray drying.
- the dispersibility of the binder for electrodes or the solubility of the dispersant varies depending on the amount or type of the organic solvent used in combination with water. Thereby, the viscosity and fluidity
- the amount of the solvent used when preparing the slurry is such that the solid content concentration of the slurry is usually 1 to 90% by mass, preferably 5 to 85% by mass, more preferably 10 to 10%, from the viewpoint of uniformly dispersing each component.
- the amount is in the range of 80% by mass.
- the method or procedure for dispersing or dissolving the electrode active material, the electrode conductive material, the electrode binder, and other dispersants and additives in the solvent is not particularly limited.
- the electrode active material, the electrode conductive material, the electrode in the solvent Binder and other dispersants and additives are added and mixed; after the dispersant is dissolved in the solvent, the electrode binder dispersed in the solvent is added and mixed, and finally the electrode active material and the electrode conductive material
- a method in which a material is added and mixed; a method in which an electrode active material and an electrode conductive material are added to and mixed with an electrode binder dispersed in a solvent, and a dispersant dissolved in a solvent is added to and mixed with the mixture Etc.
- mixing means examples include mixing equipment such as a ball mill, a sand mill, a bead mill, a pigment disperser, a crusher, an ultrasonic disperser, a homogenizer, a homomixer, and a planetary mixer. Mixing is usually carried out in the range of room temperature to 80 ° C. for 10 minutes to several hours.
- the viscosity of the slurry is usually in the range of 10 to 100,000 mPa ⁇ s, preferably 30 to 50,000 mPa ⁇ s, more preferably 50 to 20,000 mPa ⁇ s at room temperature from the viewpoint of increasing productivity. is there.
- the method for applying the slurry onto the conductive adhesive layer is not particularly limited. Examples thereof include a doctor blade method, a dip method, a reverse roll method, a direct roll method, a gravure method, an extrusion method, and a brush coating method.
- the coating thickness of the slurry is appropriately set according to the thickness of the target electrode active material layer.
- drying method examples include drying with warm air, hot air, low-humidity air, vacuum drying, and drying by irradiation with (far) infrared rays or electron beams. Among these, a drying method by irradiation with far infrared rays is preferable.
- the drying temperature and the drying time are preferably a temperature and a time at which the solvent in the slurry applied to the current collector can be completely removed.
- the drying temperature is 100 to 300 ° C., preferably 120 to 250 ° C.
- the drying time is usually 5 minutes to 100 hours, preferably 10 minutes to 20 hours.
- the density of the electrode active material layer is not particularly limited, but is usually 0.30 to 10 g / cm 3 , preferably 0.35 to 8.0 g / cm 3 , more preferably 0.40 to 6.0 g / cm 3. It is.
- the thickness of the electrode active material layer is not particularly limited, but is usually 5 to 1000 ⁇ m, preferably 20 to 500 ⁇ m, more preferably 30 to 300 ⁇ m.
- Electrochemical element Examples of usage of the electrode for an electrochemical element include a lithium ion secondary battery, an electric double layer capacitor, a lithium ion capacitor, a sodium battery, and a magnesium battery using such an electrode, and a lithium ion secondary battery is preferable.
- a lithium ion secondary battery is composed of the electrochemical element electrode, a separator, and an electrolytic solution.
- a separator will not be specifically limited if it can insulate between the electrodes for electrochemical elements, and can pass a cation and an anion.
- a porous separator having pores (a) a porous separator having pores, (b) a porous separator having a polymer coat layer formed on one or both sides, or (c) a porous resin coat layer containing inorganic ceramic powder A porous separator in which is formed.
- Non-limiting examples of these include solids such as polypropylene, polyethylene, polyolefin, or aramid porous separators, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyethylene oxide, polyacrylonitrile, or polyvinylidene fluoride hexafluoropropylene copolymers.
- a polymer film for a polymer electrolyte or a gel polymer electrolyte, a separator coated with a gelled polymer coating layer, or a separator coated with a porous membrane layer made of an inorganic filler or a dispersant for inorganic filler is used. be able to.
- a separator is arrange
- the thickness of the separator is appropriately selected depending on the purpose of use, but is usually 1 to 100 ⁇ m, preferably 10 to 80 ⁇ m, more preferably 15 to 60 ⁇ m.
- the electrolytic solution is not particularly limited.
- a solution obtained by dissolving a lithium salt as a supporting electrolyte in a non-aqueous solvent can be used.
- the lithium salt include LiPF 6 , LiAsF 6 , LiBF 4 , LiSbF 6 , LiAlCl 4 , LiClO 4 , CF 3 SO 3 Li, C 4 F 9 SO 3 Li, CF 3 COOLi, (CF 3 CO) 2 NLi , (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 NLi, (C 2 F 5 SO 2 ) NLi, and other lithium salts.
- LiPF 6 , LiClO 4 , and CF 3 SO 3 Li that are easily soluble in a solvent and exhibit a high degree of dissociation are preferably used. These can be used alone or in admixture of two or more.
- the amount of the supporting electrolyte is usually 1% by mass or more, preferably 5% by mass or more, and usually 30% by mass or less, preferably 20% by mass or less, with respect to the electrolytic solution. If the amount of the supporting electrolyte is too small or too large, the ionic conductivity is lowered, and the charging characteristics and discharging characteristics of the battery are degraded.
- the solvent used in the electrolytic solution is not particularly limited as long as it can dissolve the supporting electrolyte.
- Alkyl carbonates such as carbonate (BC) and methyl ethyl carbonate (MEC); esters such as ⁇ -butyrolactone and methyl formate; ethers such as 1,2-dimethoxyethane; tetrahydrofuran; sulfolane and dimethyl sulfoxide Sulfur-containing compounds are used.
- dimethyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, and methyl ethyl carbonate are preferable because high ion conductivity is easily obtained and the use temperature range is wide. These can be used alone or in admixture of two or more. Moreover, it is also possible to use an electrolyte containing an additive.
- the additive is preferably a carbonate compound such as vinylene carbonate (VC).
- electrolytic solutions include gel polymer electrolytes in which a polymer electrolyte such as polyethylene oxide or polyacrylonitrile is impregnated with an electrolytic solution, lithium sulfide, LiI, Li 3 N, Li 2 SP—P 2 S 5 glass ceramic, etc.
- An inorganic solid electrolyte can be mentioned.
- a secondary battery is obtained by stacking a negative electrode and a positive electrode through a separator, and winding and folding the negative electrode and the positive electrode in a battery container according to the shape of the battery, and then injecting an electrolyte into the battery container and sealing it. Further, if necessary, an expanded metal, an overcurrent prevention element such as a fuse or a PTC element, a lead plate and the like can be inserted to prevent an increase in pressure inside the battery and overcharge / discharge.
- the shape of the battery may be any of a laminated cell type, a coin type, a button type, a sheet type, a cylindrical type, a square type, a flat type, and the like.
- the charge / discharge capacity retention rate is evaluated according to the following criteria as an evaluation criterion for cycle characteristics. It shows that it is excellent in high temperature cycling characteristics, so that the value of a charge / discharge capacity retention rate is high.
- Example 1 Manufacture of particulate binder
- Example 2 Manufacture of particulate binder
- 33 parts of 1,3-butadiene In a 5 MPa pressure vessel with a stirrer, 33 parts of 1,3-butadiene, 1.5 parts of methacrylic acid, 65.5 parts of styrene, 4 parts of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate as an emulsifier, 150 parts of ion-exchanged water, and as a polymerization initiator After adding 0.5 part of potassium persulfate and stirring sufficiently, the mixture was heated to 50 ° C. to initiate polymerization.
- aqueous dispersion containing a particulate binder composed of styrene butadiene latex (hereinafter referred to as “SBR latex” as appropriate).
- SBR latex a particulate binder composed of styrene butadiene latex
- a 5% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution was added to the aqueous dispersion containing the particulate binder thus obtained to adjust the pH to 8.0, and then the unreacted monomer was removed by heating under reduced pressure. Then, it cooled to 30 degrees C or less, and obtained the aqueous dispersion liquid containing a particulate-form binder.
- the weight average molecular weight of the obtained particulate binder was measured and found to be 1500,000.
- the adhesive composition is applied to an aluminum current collector with a wire bar using a casting method, applied to both the front and back surfaces of the current collector at a molding speed of 20 m / min, dried at 120 ° C. for 2 minutes, A conductive adhesive layer having a thickness of 1.2 ⁇ m was formed.
- Electrodes 100 parts of lithium cobaltate having a volume average particle diameter of 8 ⁇ m as the positive electrode active material, and 2.0 parts of polyvinylidene fluoride solution (KF polymer W # 1100: manufactured by Kureha Co., Ltd.) as the electrode binder in terms of solid content, electrode As a conductive material, 5 parts of acetylene black (Denka black powder: manufactured by Denki Kagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd.) and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone are mixed with a planetary mixer so that the total solid content is 50%. A slurry was prepared.
- the positive electrode slurry was applied to the front and back surfaces of the current collector at the electrode forming speed of 5 m / min on the aluminum current collector on which the conductive adhesive layer was formed, and dried at 60 ° C. for 10 minutes. It was dried at 20 ° C. for 20 minutes and punched out to 5 cm square to obtain a positive electrode for a lithium ion secondary battery having an electrode active material layer for a positive electrode having a thickness of 100 ⁇ m on one side.
- a slurry for negative electrode is prepared by mixing a 40% aqueous dispersion of a diene polymer having a particle size of 0.18 ⁇ m with a solid content equivalent to 3.0 parts, and ion exchange water to a total solid content concentration of 35%. did.
- a laminated laminate cell-shaped lithium ion secondary battery was produced.
- the electrolytic solution a solution obtained by dissolving LiPF 6 at a concentration of 1.0 mol / liter in a mixed solvent of ethylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate in a mass ratio of 1: 2 was used.
- Example 4 An isobutylene / maleic anhydride copolymer containing maleimide (maleic imide-modified unit) is used as an isobutylene / maleic anhydride copolymer containing maleimide (maleic imide-modified unit). Except for the above, a conductive adhesive layer was formed and a lithium ion secondary battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 1. The pH of the adhesive composition was adjusted to 9.1.
- Mw 40,000
- Example 3 A lithium ion secondary battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the particulate binder was not used when producing the adhesive composition.
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Abstract
Description
即ち、本発明によれば、
(1) 導電性カーボン、水溶性高分子、粒子状結着剤及び分散媒を含み、前記水溶性高分子が下記一般式(I)
で示される構造単位(a)を含んでなるイソブチレン・無水マレイン酸共重合体であり、かつ部分的に加水分解していることを特徴とする電気化学素子電極用導電性接着剤組成物、
(2) 前記水溶性高分子の分子量(Mw)が、30,000~300,000であることを特徴とする(1)に記載の電気化学素子電極用導電性接着剤組成物、
(3) 前記水溶性高分子が下記一般式(II)
(一般式(II)中、R1は水素、炭素数1~6のアルキル基、炭素数3~12のシクロアルキル基、フェニル基及びヒドロキシフェニル基からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一種の官能基である。)
で示される構造単位(b)または/および下記式(III)
で示される構造単位(c)を含んでなる請求項1または2に記載の電気化学素子電極用導電性接着剤組成物、
(4) 前記水溶性高分子中、前記構造単位(a)と、前記構造単位(b)及び前記構造単位(c)との含有割合は、モル比で前記構造単位(a)/前記構造単位(b)及び前記構造単位(c)=25/75~75/25であることを特徴とする(1)~(3)の何れかに記載の電気化学素子電極用導電性接着剤組成物、
(5) 前記導電性カーボンの含有割合が8~38質量%、前記水溶性高分子の含有割合が2~4質量%、前記粒子状結着剤の含有割合が2~20質量%、前記分散媒の含有割合が60~90質量%であることを特徴とする請求項1~4の何れか一項に記載の電気化学素子電極用導電性接着剤組成物、
(6) pH6~10であることを特徴とする(1)~(5)の何れかに記載の電気化学素子電極用導電性接着剤組成物、
(7) 集電体上に、(1)~(6)の何れかに記載の電気化学素子電極用導電性接着剤組成物を塗布・乾燥してなる導電性接着剤層を有する接着剤層付集電体、
(8) 前記導電性接着剤層の厚さが0.5~5μmであることを特徴とする(7)に記載の接着剤層付集電体、
(9) (7)または(8)記載の接着剤層付集電体の前記導電性接着剤層上に、電極活物質を含む電極活物質層を有する電気化学素子用電極
が提供される。
本発明に係る電気化学素子電極用導電性接着剤組成物(以下、単に「接着剤組成物」と記載することがある)に用いる導電性カーボンは、その形態は特に限定はされないが、一般的には炭素粒子である。炭素粒子とは、炭素のみからなるか、又は実質的に炭素のみからなる粒子である。その具体例としては、非局在化したπ電子の存在によって高い導電性を有するグラファイト(具体的には天然黒鉛、人造黒鉛など)、黒鉛質の炭素微結晶が数層集まって乱層構造を形成した球状集合体であるカーボンブラック(具体的にはアセチレンブラック、ケッチェンブラック、その他のファーネスブラック、チャンネルブラック、サーマルランプブラックなど)、炭素繊維やカーボンウィスカーなどが挙げられ、これらの中でも、炭素粒子が高密度に充填し、導電性接着剤層の電子移動抵抗を低減でき、さらにリチウムイオン電池の内部抵抗をより低減できる点で、グラファイト又はカーボンブラックが、特に好ましい。これらの導電性カーボンは、単独で用いてもよいが、二種類を組み合わせて用いることも出来る。
水溶性高分子とは、25℃において、その重合体0.5gを100gの水に溶解した際に、不溶分が0.5質量%未満の重合体をいう。
本発明の電気化学素子電極用導電性接着剤組成物に用いる水溶性高分子は、下記式(I)
で表される構造単位(a)を含むイソブチレン・無水マレイン酸共重合体である。また、水溶性高分子に含まれる構造単位(a)の一部は加水分解されている。
また、上述のイソブチレン・無水マレイン酸共重合体は、一部がイミド化されていてもよい。即ち、本発明の電気化学素子電極用導電性接着剤組成物に用いる水溶性高分子は、下記一般式(II)
(一般式(II)中、R1は水素、炭素数1~6のアルキル基、炭素数3~12のシクロアルキル基、フェニル基及びヒドロキシフェニル基からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一種の官能基である。)
で示される構造単位(b)(マレイン酸イミド変性単位)を含んでいてもよい。
(一般式(IV)中、Xはマレイン酸残基を示し、部分的に水素イオン以外のイオンで中和されていてもよく、また部分的に無水化していてもよく、さらには部分的にエステル化されていてもよい。)
で示される構造単位(d)を含んでいてもよい。
構造単位(b)は、上記一般式(II)で示されるマレイミド骨格を有する構造単位である。この構造単位は、例えば、下記一般式(II-1)で示されるマレイミド類から誘導されるか、後述する構造単位(d)のイミド化により得られる。
(ここで、R2は水素、炭素数1~6のアルキル基、炭素数3~12のシクロアルキル基、フェニル基及びヒドロキシフェニル基からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一種の官能基である。)
構造単位(d)は、上記一般式(IV)で示されるマレイン酸骨格を有する構造単位である。構造単位(d)は、部分的に水素イオン以外のイオンで中和されていてもよく、また部分的に無水化していてもよく、さらには部分的にエステル化されていてもよい。この構造単位は、例えば、下記一般式(IV-1)で表されるマレイン酸類または(IV-2)で示される無水マレイン酸類から誘導される。
(ここで、R3およびR4は同じであっても異なっていてもよく、水素またはアルキル基や、アルカリ金属イオン、アルカリ土類金属イオン、アンモニウムイオン、アルキルアミンまたはアルカノールアミンにより中和された塩であってもよい。)
一般式(IV-1)で表される構造単位(d)を導く化合物の具体例としては、マレイン酸エステルおよび/またはマレイン酸塩を例示できる。
本発明に用いる水溶性高分子における構造単位(a)と、構造単位(b)および(c)との比率はモル比で構造単位(a)/構造単位(b)および(c)=25/75~75/25である。
本発明の電気化学素子電極用導電性接着剤組成物に用いる粒子状結着剤は、導電性カーボンを相互に結着させることができる化合物であれば特に制限はない。好適な粒子状結着剤は、分散媒に分散する性質のある分散型結着剤である。分散型結着剤として、例えば、フッ素系重合体、ジエン系重合体、アクリル系重合体、ポリイミド、ポリアミド、ポリウレタン系重合体等の高分子化合物が挙げられる。
粒子状結着剤の製法は特に限定はされないが、上述したように、高分子化合物を構成する単量体を含む単量体混合物を乳化重合して得ることができる。乳化重合の方法としては、特に限定されず、従来公知の乳化重合法を採用すれば良い。
連鎖移動剤の使用量は、単量体混合物100質量部に対して、好ましくは0.05~2質量部、より好ましくは0.1~1質量部である。
乳化重合時に、さらにアニオン性界面活性剤を使用することが好ましい。アニオン性界面活性剤を使用することにより、重合安定性を向上させることができる。
本発明に係る電気化学素子電極用導電性接着剤組成物は、上記した導電性カーボン、水溶性高分子および粒子状結着剤が分散媒に分散されたスラリー状の組成物である。ここで分散媒は、上記各成分を均一に分散でき、安定的に分散状態を保ちうる限り、水、各種有機溶媒が特に制限されることなく使用できる。製造工程の簡素化の観点から、例えば、上記の粒子状結着剤の製造における乳化重合後に溶媒置換などの操作を行うことなく、直接接着剤組成物を製造することが好ましく、分散媒としては乳化重合時の反応溶媒を使用することが望ましい。乳化重合時には、水が反応溶媒として用いられることが多く、また作業環境の観点からも水を分散媒とすることが特に好ましい。
さらに本発明の電気化学素子電極用導電性接着剤組成物には、上記各成分を分散させるための分散剤が含まれていても良い。
本発明に係る電気化学素子電極用導電性接着剤組成物における各成分の含有割合は特に限定はされないが、導電性の良い導電性接着剤層を形成することができ、接着剤組成物の高速塗工が可能な粘度特性とする観点から、導電性カーボンの含有割合は、10~25質量%、好ましくは12~23質量%、特に好ましくは14~20質量%であり、水溶性高分子の含有割合は、密着性が良好で内部抵抗の低い導電性接着剤層が得られる観点から、0.5~3質量%、好ましくは0.7~2.7質量%、さらに好ましくは1~2.4質量%であり、粒子状結着剤の含有割合は、密着性が良好で内部抵抗の低い導電性接着剤層が得られる観点から、0.5~10質量%、好ましくは0.7~8質量%、さらに好ましくは1~6質量%である。残部は、分散媒および必要に応じて添加される各種成分である。
分散媒の含有割合は、高速塗工が可能な粘度特性を有する接着剤組成物が得られ、導電性接着剤層を形成する際の乾燥速度が速い観点から、62~89質量%、好ましくは66~87質量%、さらに好ましくは70~84質量%である。
本発明の接着剤層付集電体は、上記の電気化学素子電極用導電性接着剤組成物を電気化学素子用集電体に塗布・乾燥して得られる。
集電体の厚みは、5~100μmで、好ましくは8~70μm、特に好ましくは10~50μmである。
本発明の電気化学素子用電極は、上記接着剤層付集電体の導電性接着剤層上に電極活物質層を有する。電極活物質層は、電極活物質と電極用導電材および電極用バインダーとからなり、これら成分を含む電極用スラリー(以下、「スラリー」ということがある。)から調製される。
電極活物質は負極活物質であってもよく、また正極活物質であってもよい。電極活物質は、電池内で電子の受け渡しをする物質である。
正極活物質は、リチウムイオンを吸蔵および放出可能な化合物である。正極活物質は、無機化合物からなるものと有機化合物からなるものとに大別される。
電極用導電材は、導電性を有し、電気二重層を形成し得る細孔を有さない、粒子状の炭素の同素体からなり、具体的には、ファーネスブラック、アセチレンブラック、及びケッチェンブラック(アクゾノーベルケミカルズベスローテンフェンノートシャップ社の登録商標)などの導電性カーボンブラックが挙げられる。これらの中でも、アセチレンブラックおよびファーネスブラックが好ましい。
電極用バインダーは、電極活物質、電極用導電材を相互に結着させることができる化合物であれば特に制限はない。
電極活物質層は、導電性接着剤層上に設けられるが、その形成方法は制限されない。電極活物質層形成用のスラリーは、電極活物質、電極用導電材及び電極用バインダーを必須成分として、必要に応じてその他の分散剤および添加剤を配合することができる。その他の分散剤の具体例としては、ポリビニリデンフルオライド、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン、カルボキシメチルセルロース、メチルセルロース、エチルセルロースおよびヒドロキシプロピルセルロースなどのセルロース系ポリマー、ならびにこれらのアンモニウム塩またはアルカリ金属塩;ポリ(メタ)アクリル酸ナトリウムなどのポリ(メタ)アクリル酸塩;ポリビニルアルコール、変性ポリビニルアルコール、ポリエチレンオキシド、ポリビニルピロリドン、ポリカルボン酸、酸化スターチ、リン酸スターチ、カゼイン、各種変性デンプンなどが挙げられる。これらの分散剤は、それぞれ単独でまたは2種以上を組み合わせて使用できる。これらの分散剤の量は、格別な限定はないが、電極活物質100質量部に対して、通常は0.1~10質量部、好ましくは0.5~5質量部、より好ましくは0.8~2質量部の範囲である。
電気化学素子用電極の使用態様としては、かかる電極を用いたリチウムイオン二次電池、電気二重層キャパシタ、リチウムイオンキャパシタ、ナトリウム電池、マグネシウム電池などが挙げられ、リチウムイオン二次電池が好適である。たとえばリチウムイオン二次電池は、上記電気化学素子用電極、セパレータおよび電解液で構成される。
セパレータは、電気化学素子用電極の間を絶縁でき、陽イオンおよび陰イオンを通過させることができるものであれば特に限定されない。具体的には、(a)気孔部を有する多孔性セパレータ、(b)片面または両面に高分子コート層が形成された多孔性セパレータ、または(c)無機セラミック粉末を含む多孔質の樹脂コート層が形成された多孔性セパレータが挙げられる。これらの非制限的な例としては、ポリプロピレン系、ポリエチレン系、ポリオレフィン系、またはアラミド系多孔性セパレータ、ポリビニリデンフルオリド、ポリエチレンオキシド、ポリアクリロニトリルまたはポリビニリデンフルオリドヘキサフルオロプロピレン共重合体などの固体高分子電解質用またはゲル状高分子電解質用の高分子フィルム、ゲル化高分子コート層がコートされたセパレータ、または無機フィラー、無機フィラー用分散剤からなる多孔膜層がコートされたセパレータなどを用いることができる。セパレータは、上記一対の電極活物質層が対向するように、電気化学素子用電極の間に配置され、素子が得られる。セパレータの厚みは、使用目的に応じて適宜選択されるが、通常は1~100μm、好ましくは10~80μm、より好ましくは15~60μmである。
電解液は、特に限定されないが、例えば、非水系の溶媒に支持電解質としてリチウム塩を溶解したものが使用できる。リチウム塩としては、例えば、LiPF6、LiAsF6、LiBF4、LiSbF6、LiAlCl4、LiClO4、CF3SO3Li、C4F9SO3Li、CF3COOLi、(CF3CO)2NLi、(CF3SO2)2NLi、(C2F5SO2)NLiなどのリチウム塩が挙げられる。特に溶媒に溶けやすく高い解離度を示すLiPF6、LiClO4、CF3SO3Liは好適に用いられる。これらは、単独、または2種以上を混合して用いることができる。支持電解質の量は、電解液に対して、通常1質量%以上、好ましくは5質量%以上、また通常は30質量%以下、好ましくは20質量%以下である。支持電解質の量が少なすぎても多すぎてもイオン導電度は低下し電池の充電特性、放電特性が低下する。
集電体上に形成された導電性接着剤層の上からカッターにより1mm間隔で縦横互いに直角に交わる各11本の切れ目を入れ、1mm四方の碁盤目を100個作り、セロハン粘着テープ(積水化学社製)を貼り、粘着テープを表面に対し垂直な方向に引っ張って剥し、剥離しなかった目の割合を算出した。結果を下記基準により評価し、表1に示した。
A:剥離した目の数が0個
B:剥離した目の数が1個以上10個未満
C:剥離した目の数が10個以上20個未満
D:剥離した目の数が20個以上
実施例および比較例で製造したラミネート型セルのリチウムイオン二次電池を24時間静置させた後に、4.2V、0.1Cの充放電レートにて充放電の操作を行い、初期容量C0を測定した。さらに、60℃の環境下で充放電を繰り返し、100サイクル後の容量C2を測定した。高温サイクル特性は、ΔCC=C2/C0×100(%)で示す容量変化率ΔCCにて評価した。この容量変化率ΔCCの値が高いほど、高温サイクル特性に優れることを示す。
充放電容量保持率をサイクル特性の評価基準として、下記の基準により評価する。充放電容量保持率の値が高いほど、高温サイクル特性に優れることを示す。
A:充放電容量保持率が80%以上
B:充放電容量保持率が75%以上80%未満
C:充放電容量保持率が70%以上75%未満
D:充放電容量保持率が70%未満
アルミニウム集電体に形成された導電性接着剤層の表面を観察し、基材上の未塗工部発生率を求めた。結果を下記の基準に評価した。未塗工部発生率が少ないほど良好であることを示す。
A:未塗工部が0%以上1%未満
B:未塗工部が1%以上3%未満
C:未塗工部が3%以上5%未満
D:未塗工部が5%以上
(粒子状結着剤の製造)
攪拌機付き5MPa耐圧容器に、1,3-ブタジエン33部、メタクリル酸1.5部、スチレン65.5部、乳化剤としてドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸ナトリウム4部、イオン交換水150部、及び、重合開始剤として過硫酸カリウム0.5部を入れ、十分に攪拌した後、50℃に加温して重合を開始した。重合転化率が96%になった時点で冷却し反応を停止して、スチレンブタジエンラテックス(以下、適宜「SBRラテックス」という。)からなる粒子状結着剤を含む水系分散液を得た。こうして得られた粒子状結着剤を含む水系分散液に、5%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を添加して、pH8.0に調整後、加熱減圧蒸留によって未反応単量体の除去を行った。その後、30℃以下まで冷却し、粒子状結着剤
を含む水系分散液を得た。得られた粒子状結着剤の重量平均分子量を測定したところ、1500000であった。
導電性カーボン(デンカブラック)100部、イソブチレン・無水マレイン酸共重合体として、イソバン04(Mw=60,000、クラレ株式会社製)をアンモニア水に溶解してpH8.0としたもの10部、粒子状結着剤としてSBRラテックス10部をイオン交換水500部加えてビーズミルにより混合し、接着剤組成物を得た。なお接着剤組成物における質量比は、導電性カーボン:イソブチレン・無水マレイン酸共重合体:粒子状結着剤:分散媒=16.1:1.6:1.6:80.6であった。
アルミニウム集電体に前記接着剤組成物を、キャスト法を用いてワイヤーバーで塗布し、20m/分の成形速度で集電体の表裏両面に塗布し、120℃で2分間乾燥して、厚さ1.2μmの導電性接着剤層を形成した。
正極活物質として、体積平均粒子径が8μmのコバルト酸リチウムを100部、電極用バインダーとしてポリビニリデンフルオライド溶液(KFポリマーW#1100:クレハ社製)を固形分相当で2.0部、電極用導電材としてアセチレンブラック(デンカブラック粉状:電気化学工業社製)を5部、およびN-メチル-2-ピロリドンを全固形分濃度が50%となるようにプラネタリーミキサーにより混合し、正極用スラリーを調製した。
前記リチウムイオン二次電池用正極、リチウムイオン二次電池用負極及びポリプロピレン製のセパレータ(厚さ25μm)を用いて、積層型ラミネートセル形状のリチウムイオン二次電池を作製した。電解液としてはエチレンカーボネート、ジエチルカーボネートを質量比で1:2とした混合溶媒に、LiPF6を1.0mol/リットルの濃度で溶解させたものを用いた。
接着剤組成物の製造に用いるイソブチレン・無水マレイン酸共重合体をイソバン18(Mw=320,000、クラレ株式会社製)とした以外は、実施例1と同様に導電性接着剤層の形成およびリチウムイオン二次電池の製造を行った。
接着剤組成物の製造に用いるイソブチレン・無水マレイン酸共重合体をマレイン酸アミン変性単位を含むイソブチレン・無水マレイン酸共重合体であるイソバン104(Mw=60,000、クラレ株式会社製)とした以外は、実施例1と同様に導電性接着剤層の形成およびリチウムイオン二次電池の製造を行った。なお、接着剤組成物のpHを9.2に調製した。
接着剤組成物の製造に用いるイソブチレン・無水マレイン酸共重合体をマレイミド(マレイン酸イミド変性単位)を含むイソブチレン・無水マレイン酸共重合体であるイソバン304(Mw=60,000、クラレ株式会社製)とした以外は、実施例1と同様に導電性接着剤層の形成およびリチウムイオン二次電池の製造を行った。なお、接着剤組成物のpHを9.1に調製した。
接着剤組成物の製造に用いるイソブチレン・無水マレイン酸共重合体に代えてポリビニルアルコール(Mw=50,000)を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様に導電性接着剤層の形成およびリチウムイオン二次電池の製造を行った。なお、接着剤組成物のpHを7.0に調製した。なお接着剤組成物における質量比は、導電性カーボン:水溶性高分子:粒子状結着剤:分散媒=16.1:1.6:1.6:80.6であった。
接着剤組成物の製造に用いるイソブチレン・無水マレイン酸共重合体に代えてキチンを無水マレイン酸で架橋したキトサン・無水マレイン酸架橋ポリマー(Mw=40,000)を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様に導電性接着剤層の形成およびリチウムイオン二次電池の製造を行った。
接着剤組成物を製造する際に粒子状結着剤を用いなかった以外は、実施例1と同様にリチウムイオン二次電池の製造を行った。なお接着剤組成物における質量比は、導電性カーボン:水溶性高分子:粒子状結着剤:分散媒=16.1:3.2:0:80.6であった。
Claims (9)
- 前記水溶性高分子の分子量(Mw)が、30,000~300,000であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電気化学素子電極用導電性接着剤組成物。
- 前記水溶性高分子中、前記構造単位(a)と、前記構造単位(b)及び前記構造単位(c)との含有割合は、モル比で前記構造単位(a)/前記構造単位(b)及び前記構造単位(c)=25/75~75/25であることを特徴とする請求項1~3の何れか一項に記載の電気化学素子電極用導電性接着剤組成物。
- 前記導電性カーボンの含有割合が8~38質量%、前記水溶性高分子の含有割合が2~4質量%、前記粒子状結着剤の含有割合が2~20質量%、前記分散媒の含有割合が60~90質量%であることを特徴とする請求項1~4の何れか一項に記載の電気化学素子電極用導電性接着剤組成物。
- pH6~10であることを特徴とする請求項1~5の何れか一項に記載の電気化学素子電極用導電性接着剤組成物。
- 集電体上に、請求項1~6の何れか一項に記載の電気化学素子電極用導電性接着剤組成物を塗布・乾燥してなる導電性接着剤層を有する接着剤層付集電体。
- 前記導電性接着剤層の厚さが0.5~5μmであることを特徴とする請求項7に記載の接着剤層付集電体。
- 請求項7または8記載の接着剤層付集電体の前記導電性接着剤層上に、電極活物質を含む電極活物質層を有する電気化学素子用電極。
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JP2014538627A JP6152855B2 (ja) | 2012-09-28 | 2013-09-27 | 電気化学素子電極用導電性接着剤組成物、接着剤層付集電体及び電気化学素子用電極 |
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JPWO2017022844A1 (ja) * | 2015-08-06 | 2018-05-31 | 株式会社クラレ | 非水電解質電池電極用スラリー組成物、並びに、それを用いた非水電解質電池正極及び非水電解質電池 |
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JP7263304B2 (ja) | 2019-11-12 | 2023-04-24 | 財團法人工業技術研究院 | リチウム電池構造 |
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US11670777B2 (en) | 2020-02-27 | 2023-06-06 | Nissan Chemical Corporation | Thin film forming composition for energy storage device electrodes |
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US20150203722A1 (en) | 2015-07-23 |
JPWO2014051043A1 (ja) | 2016-08-22 |
PL2903064T3 (pl) | 2017-10-31 |
EP2903064A4 (en) | 2016-05-04 |
CN104521045B (zh) | 2017-07-18 |
CN104521045A (zh) | 2015-04-15 |
KR20150064008A (ko) | 2015-06-10 |
EP2903064B1 (en) | 2017-05-10 |
JP6152855B2 (ja) | 2017-06-28 |
EP2903064A1 (en) | 2015-08-05 |
KR102103989B1 (ko) | 2020-04-23 |
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