WO2021172308A1 - エネルギー貯蔵デバイス電極用薄膜形成用組成物 - Google Patents
エネルギー貯蔵デバイス電極用薄膜形成用組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021172308A1 WO2021172308A1 PCT/JP2021/006734 JP2021006734W WO2021172308A1 WO 2021172308 A1 WO2021172308 A1 WO 2021172308A1 JP 2021006734 W JP2021006734 W JP 2021006734W WO 2021172308 A1 WO2021172308 A1 WO 2021172308A1
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- ARUKYTASOALXFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N cycloheptylcycloheptane Chemical group C1CCCCCC1C1CCCCCC1 ARUKYTASOALXFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000006547 cyclononyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- NLUNLVTVUDIHFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclooctylcyclooctane Chemical group C1CCCCCCC1C1CCCCCCC1 NLUNLVTVUDIHFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- MAWOHFOSAIXURX-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopentylcyclopentane Chemical group C1CCCC1C1CCCC1 MAWOHFOSAIXURX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001559 cyclopropyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])* 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001028 difluoromethyl group Chemical group [H]C(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- CDMADVZSLOHIFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N disodium;3,7-dioxido-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3,5,7-tetraborabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane;decahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Na+].[Na+].O1B([O-])OB2OB([O-])OB1O2 CDMADVZSLOHIFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- UHESRSKEBRADOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl carbamate;prop-2-enoic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C=C.CCOC(N)=O UHESRSKEBRADOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000816 ethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- DWYMPOCYEZONEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L fluoridophosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])(F)=O DWYMPOCYEZONEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- XUCNUKMRBVNAPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoroethene Chemical compound FC=C XUCNUKMRBVNAPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CNUDBTRUORMMPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N formylthiophene Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CS1 CNUDBTRUORMMPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- VPVSTMAPERLKKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycoluril Chemical compound N1C(=O)NC2NC(=O)NC21 VPVSTMAPERLKKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004836 hexamethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 description 1
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001337 iron nitride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000555 isopropenyl group Chemical group [H]\C([H])=C(\*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- AWJUIBRHMBBTKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoquinoline Chemical compound C1=NC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 AWJUIBRHMBBTKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910003473 lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- CXAYOCVHDCXPAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalen-1-yl(phenyl)methanone Chemical compound C=1C=CC2=CC=CC=C2C=1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 CXAYOCVHDCXPAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- AICOOMRHRUFYCM-ZRRPKQBOSA-N oxazine, 1 Chemical compound C([C@@H]1[C@H](C(C[C@]2(C)[C@@H]([C@H](C)N(C)C)[C@H](O)C[C@]21C)=O)CC1=CC2)C[C@H]1[C@@]1(C)[C@H]2N=C(C(C)C)OC1 AICOOMRHRUFYCM-ZRRPKQBOSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium benzoate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- 235000011181 potassium carbonates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- WGHUNMFFLAMBJD-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraethylazanium;perchlorate Chemical compound [O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O.CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC WGHUNMFFLAMBJD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- LFQCEHFDDXELDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)OC LFQCEHFDDXELDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- OSBSFAARYOCBHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrapropylammonium Chemical compound CCC[N+](CCC)(CCC)CCC OSBSFAARYOCBHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ILJSQTXMGCGYMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N triacetic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(=O)CC(O)=O ILJSQTXMGCGYMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D123/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D123/02—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C09D123/18—Homopolymers or copolymers of hydrocarbons having four or more carbon atoms
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a composition for forming a thin film for an energy storage device electrode.
- the development of high-performance batteries has been actively promoted in response to the demand for smaller size, lighter weight, and higher functionality of portable electronic devices such as smartphones, digital cameras, and portable game machines, and secondary batteries that can be used repeatedly by charging.
- Demand is growing significantly.
- the lithium ion secondary battery is currently the most vigorously developed secondary battery because it has a high energy density, a high voltage, and has no memory effect during charging / discharging.
- the development of electric vehicles is being actively promoted, and higher performance is required for secondary batteries as a power source for the development of electric vehicles.
- a positive electrode and a negative electrode capable of storing and discharging lithium and a separator interposed between them are housed in a container, and an electrolytic solution (liquid in the case of a lithium ion polymer secondary battery) is contained therein. It has a structure filled with a gel-like or all-solid-state electrolyte instead of an electrolytic solution.
- a composition containing an active material capable of occluding and releasing lithium, a conductive material mainly composed of a carbon material, and a polymer binder is generally applied onto a current collector such as a copper foil or an aluminum foil.
- a current collector such as a copper foil or an aluminum foil.
- This binder is used to bond the active material to the conductive material, and further to the metal foil, and is soluble in N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF), or an olefin-based weight.
- NMP N-methylpyrrolidone
- PVdF polyvinylidene fluoride
- olefin-based weight Combined aqueous dispersions and the like are commercially available.
- the adhesive strength of the above-mentioned binder to the current collector is not sufficient, and a part of the active material or the conductive material is peeled off or dropped from the current collector during the manufacturing process such as the electrode cutting process or the winding process. , It causes a minute short circuit and variation in battery capacity. Furthermore, with long-term use, the contact resistance between the electrode mixture and the current collector increases due to the swelling of the binder due to the electrolytic solution and the volume change of the electrode mixture due to the volume change due to occlusion and release of the active material. In addition, there is a problem that the battery capacity deteriorates due to a part of the active material or the conductive material peeling off or falling off from the current collector, and there is also a problem in terms of safety.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a technique of arranging a conductive layer using carbon as a conductive filler as an undercoat layer between a current collector and an electrode mixture layer.
- a composite current collector provided with an undercoat layer the contact resistance between the current collector and the electrode mixture layer can be reduced, the capacity reduction during high-speed discharge can be suppressed, and the battery can be deteriorated. It has been shown that it can be suppressed.
- Patent Document 2 and Patent Document 3 also disclose similar techniques.
- Patent Document 4 and Patent Document 5 disclose an undercoat layer using carbon nanotubes (hereinafter, also abbreviated as CNT) as a conductive filler.
- CNT carbon nanotubes
- the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and can be suitably used for forming a conductive thin film, and particularly in an energy storage device, the adhesion between the current collector and the electrode mixture layer can be improved. It is an object of the present invention to provide a composition for forming a thin film for an energy storage device electrode, which can provide an undercoat layer that can be improved and exerts an effect of lowering resistance and an effect of suppressing an increase in resistance.
- a composition containing a conductive carbon material, a dispersant, a solvent and a polymer having a specific partial structure in a side chain is a current collector.
- the present invention has been completed by finding that it is possible to provide an undercoat layer that improves the adhesion between the electrode mixture layer and exhibits the effect of lowering the resistance and the effect of suppressing the increase in resistance.
- the present invention provides the following composition for forming a thin film for an energy storage device electrode.
- a composition for forming a thin film for an energy storage device electrode which comprises a conductive carbon material, a dispersant, a solvent, and a polymer having a partial structure represented by the following formula (P1) in a side chain.
- P1 a partial structure represented by the following formula (P1) in a side chain.
- L represents -O- or -NH-
- R represents an alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms
- T represents a substituted or unsubstituted amino group
- a nitrogen-containing hetero having 2 to 20 carbon atoms. It represents an aryl group or a nitrogen-containing aliphatic heterocyclic group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, and * represents a bond.
- the composition for forming a thin film for an energy storage device electrode wherein the partial structure represented by the formula (P1) is represented by any of the following formulas (P1-1) to (P1-3). (In the formula, L, T and * are the same as above.) 3. 3. 2. The composition for forming a thin film for an energy storage device electrode, wherein the partial structure represented by the formula (P1) is represented by any of the following formulas (P2-1) to (P2-3). (In the formula, * is the same as above.) 4. The composition for forming a thin film for an energy storage device electrode of 1.
- the polymer is a polymer containing a repeating unit represented by the following formula (C1-1) or (C1-2).
- R c1 and R c2 independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, R m represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and n represents a natural number. , R, T and * are the same as above.
- the dispersant contains a polymer having an oxazoline group in the side chain or a triarylamine-based highly branched polymer. 7.
- a composite current collector for electrodes of an energy storage device comprising 8 undercoat layers.
- An electrode for an energy storage device including a composite current collector for the electrode of the energy storage device.
- An energy storage device comprising 10 electrodes for an energy storage device. 12. Eleven energy storage devices that are lithium-ion batteries.
- the composition for forming a thin film for an energy storage device electrode of the present invention is suitable as a composition for forming an undercoat layer that joins a current collector constituting an electrode of an energy storage device and an electrode mixture layer.
- an undercoat layer is formed on the current collector using the composition, the adhesion between the electrode mixture and the current collector can be improved, and the characteristics of the obtained battery can be improved. Can be done.
- composition for forming a thin film for an energy storage device electrode (hereinafter, simply referred to as a composition) according to the present invention has a partial structure represented by the following formula (P1) in a conductive carbon material, a dispersant, a solvent and a side chain. It is characterized by containing a polymer (hereinafter, may be referred to as a P1 polymer).
- L represents -O- or -NH-
- R represents an alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms
- T represents a substituted or unsubstituted amino group
- a nitrogen-containing heteroaryl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms Represents a group or a nitrogen-containing aliphatic heterocyclic group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms. * Represents a bond.
- the alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms may be linear, branched or cyclic, and may be, for example, a methylene group, an ethylene group, a propylene group, a trimethylene group, a tetramethylene group, a pentylene group or a hexylene group.
- Examples thereof include a heptylene group, an octylene group, a nonylene group, a decylene group, an undecylene group, a dodecylene group, a tridecylene group, a tetradecylene group, a pentadecylene group, a hexadecylene group, a heptadecylene group, an octadecylene group, a nonadesilene group and an eikosanylene group.
- an alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms is preferable, an alkylene group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms is more preferable, and an alkylene group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms is even more preferable.
- the group represented by the following (A1) is preferable.
- R a1 and R a2 independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or a phenyl group. * Is the same as above.
- the alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms may be linear, branched or cyclic, and may be, for example, a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group or s.
- Chain alkyl group cyclopropyl group, cyclobutyl group, cyclopentyl group, cyclohexyl group, cycloheptyl group, cyclooctyl group, cyclononyl group, cyclodecyl group, bicyclobutyl group, bicyclopentyl group, bicyclohexyl group, bicycloheptyl group, bicyclooctyl Examples thereof include a cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms such as a group, a bicyclononyl group and a bicyclodecyl group.
- R a1 and R a2 are preferably a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or a phenyl group, more preferably a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or a phenyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and even more preferably a methyl group. Further, R a1 and R a2 may be the same or different from each other, but it is more preferable that they are the same group.
- nitrogen-containing heteroaryl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms examples include 1-imidazolyl group, 2-imidazolyl group, 4-imidazolyl group, 1-pyridyl group, 2-pyridyl group, 3-pyridyl group and 4-pyridyl group.
- Examples of the nitrogen-containing aliphatic heterocyclic group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms include a group having an aziridine ring, a group having an azetidine ring, a group having a pyrrolidine ring, a group having a piperidine ring, and a group having a hexamethyleneimine ring. Examples thereof include a group having an imidazolidine ring, a group having a piperazine ring, and a group having a pyrazolidine ring.
- nitrogen-containing aliphatic heterocyclic group examples include aziridine-1-yl group, aziridine-2-yl group, azetidine-1-yl group, azetidine-2-yl group, azetidine-3-yl group, and pyrrolidine.
- Preferred embodiments of the partial structure represented by the formula (P1) include, but are not limited to, those represented by the following formulas (P1-1) to (P1-3).
- partial structure represented by the formula (P1) include, but are not limited to, those represented by the following formulas (P2-1) to (P2-3).
- the partial structure represented by the above (P1) may be directly bonded to the main chain of the polymer or may be bonded via a spacer group such as an alkylene group, but may be directly bonded to the main chain of the polymer. It is preferable to have.
- Examples of the above-mentioned P1 polymer include, but are not limited to, a polymer containing a repeating unit represented by the following formula (C1-1) or (C1-2).
- R c1 and R c2 independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, R m represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and n represents a natural number. , R, T and * are the same as above.
- Examples of the alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms include the same alkyl groups as those exemplified in the above description of R c1 and R c2.
- R c1 and R c2 are preferably a hydrogen atom and an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably a hydrogen atom and an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and even more preferably a methyl group.
- the R c1 and R c2 may be the same or different from each other, but it is more preferable that they are the same group.
- Preferred embodiments of the P1 polymer include, but are not limited to, repeating units represented by the following formulas (C2-1) to (C2-6).
- P1 polymer examples include, but are not limited to, those containing repeating units represented by the following formulas (C3-1) to (C3-3).
- the average molecular weight of the P1 polymer is not particularly limited, but the weight average molecular weight (Mw) is preferably 1,000 to 2,000,000, more preferably 2,000 to 1,000,000.
- the weight average molecular weight is a value converted to sodium polystyrene sulfonate by gel permeation chromatography.
- the P1 polymer preferably contains the side chain represented by the formula (P1) in 10 to 100 mol% of all repeating units from the viewpoint of obtaining a thin film having high adhesion with good reproducibility. 30 to 100 mol% is more preferable, and 50 to 100 mol% is even more preferable.
- the P1 polymer contains a repeating unit for imparting another function as a repeating unit other than the repeating unit represented by the formula (P1) as long as the effect of the present invention is not impaired. May be good.
- a repeating unit include a repeating unit having a cross-linking reactive group that causes a cross-linking reaction with a dispersant, and preferably a repeating unit represented by the following formula (P3).
- R d represents a cross-linking reactive group.
- R m , n and * are the same as above.
- R d examples include a carboxy group, an aromatic thiol group, a phenol group and the like, but a carboxy group is preferable.
- the content thereof is preferably 10 to 70 mol%, more preferably 20 to 70 mol%, and more preferably 30 to 70 mol% in all the repeating units. More preferred.
- the repeating unit represented by the following formula (D1) As a repeating unit other than the repeating unit represented by yet another formula (P1), in the polymer containing the repeating unit represented by the formula (C1-1), for example, the repeating unit represented by the following formula (D1). The unit is mentioned.
- the polymer may partially contain a repeating unit represented by the formula (C1-1') described later as an unreacted site of a copolymer of isobutylene and maleic anhydride, which are raw materials thereof. ..
- the repeating unit represented by the following formula (D2) can be mentioned.
- the amount of the P1 polymer added varies depending on the solvent used, the base material used, the required viscosity, the required film shape, and the like, but is preferably 10 to 1 with respect to 100 parts by mass of the conductive carbon material described later. It is 000 parts by mass, more preferably 30 to 800 parts by mass, and even more preferably 40 to 500 parts by mass.
- the P1 polymer is a method of polymerizing a monomer obtained by reacting a compound having a carboxy group or an acid anhydride group (monomer raw material) with a compound represented by the following formula (Q1), or a carboxy group or acid in a side chain. It can be obtained by reacting a polymer having an anhydride group with a compound represented by the following formula (Q1).
- L' represents an amino group or a hydroxy group.
- R and T are the same as above.
- Preferred embodiments of the compound represented by the formula (Q1) include, but are not limited to, those represented by the following formulas (Q1-1) to (Q1-3).
- Specific examples of the compound represented by the formula (Q1) include 1- (3-aminopropyl) imidazole, 1- (3-hydroxypropyl) imidazole, N, N-dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine, and the like. Examples include N, N-dimethylethanolamine.
- Examples of the monomer raw material include maleic anhydride and (meth) acrylic acid.
- Examples of the polymer having a carboxy group or an acid anhydride group in the side chain include a polymer of maleic anhydride, a copolymer of an alkene having 2 to 10 carbon atoms such as isobutylene and maleic anhydride, and (meth) acrylic acid.
- a copolymer of isobutylene and maleic anhydride represented by the following formula (C1-1') and a polymer of (meth) acrylic acid represented by the following formula (C1-2') are used. preferable.
- the solvent used in the above reaction is not particularly limited as long as it can disperse or dissolve the raw materials used.
- examples of such a solvent include dimethylsulfoxide, N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), hexamethylphosphate triamide, acetonitrile, acetone, alcohols ( Methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, etc.), glycols (ethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, etc.), cellosolves (ethylcellosolve, methylcellosolve, etc.), polyhydric alcohols (glycerin, pentaerythritol, etc.), tetrahydrofuran , Toluene, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, benzene, toluene, xylene, pentane, hexane, heptane, chloro
- N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone are preferable from the viewpoint of reaction temperature and reaction concentration.
- These solvents may be appropriately selected depending on the raw materials used.
- the solvent may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the compounding ratio of the polymer (C1-1') and N, N-dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine was such that all the acid anhydride groups in the polymer (C1-1') were N, N-dimethyl. It is preferable that the amount of -1,3-propanediamine can be reacted, and 1 to 3 mol of N, N-dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine is added to 1 mol of the repeating unit of the polymer (C1-1'). It is preferably 1 to 2 mol, and more preferably 1 to 2 mol.
- the reaction temperature of the above reaction is usually 40 to 200 ° C.
- the reaction time is variously selected depending on the reaction temperature, but is usually about 30 minutes to 50 hours.
- the obtained polymer may be used as it is, or diluted or concentrated, or the polymer may be isolated by an appropriate means and then dissolved in an appropriate solvent before use.
- the solvent include the above-mentioned solvents.
- a monomer (C3-3') is synthesized by esterifying (meth) acrylic acid and N, N-dimethylethanolamine (first step). Then, by polymerizing the obtained monomer (C3-3') in a solution (second step), a polymer containing a repeating unit represented by the formula (C3-3) can be synthesized. If a commercially available product can be obtained as the above-mentioned monomer (C3-3'), the commercially available product may be used as it is and carried out from the second stage.
- the solvent used in the first step reaction is not particularly limited as long as it can disperse or dissolve the raw materials used.
- examples of such a solvent include the same solvents as those mentioned in Scheme 1 above, and may be appropriately selected depending on the raw materials used.
- the solvent may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- an acid or a base can be used as a catalyst.
- specific examples include inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitrate and phosphoric acid; organic carboxylic acids such as acetic acid, propionic acid, phthalic acid and benzoic acid; methylsulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid and trifluoromethane.
- Organic sulfonic acids such as sulfonic acid; hydroxide of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide; alkali metal or alkaline soil such as sodium hydrogen carbonate, potassium carbonate, calcium hydrogen carbonate Examples thereof include carbonates and hydrogen carbonates of similar metals.
- the monomer (C3-3') obtained in the first step is polymerized in a solvent.
- the polymerization method is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately selected from the polymerization methods usually used in the polymerization of acrylic polymers. Examples of the polymerization method include a solution polymerization method, an emulsion polymerization method, and a suspension polymerization method. Moreover, you may use an initiator at the time of polymerization.
- the obtained polymer may be used as it is, or diluted or concentrated, or the polymer may be isolated by an appropriate means and then dissolved in an appropriate solvent before use.
- the solvent include the above-mentioned solvents.
- the conductive carbon material is not particularly limited, and is known as a conductive carbon material such as carbon black, Ketjen black, acetylene black, carbon whisker, carbon nanotube (CNT), carbon fiber, natural graphite, and artificial graphite. Although it can be appropriately selected and used from the above, CNT is particularly preferable from the viewpoint of conductivity, dispersibility, availability and the like.
- the CNTs are generally produced by an arc discharge method, a chemical vapor deposition method (CVD method), a laser ablation method, or the like, but the CNTs used in the present invention may be obtained by any method. .. Further, the CNT has a single-walled CNT in which one carbon film (graphene sheet) is wound in a cylindrical shape (hereinafter, also abbreviated as SWCNT) and two layers in which two graphene sheets are wound concentrically. There are CNTs (hereinafter, also abbreviated as DWCNTs) and multi-walled CNTs (MWCNTs) in which a plurality of graphene sheets are wound concentrically. In the present invention, SWCNTs, DWCNTs, and MWCNTs are used alone or in plurality. Can be used in combination.
- SWCNTs, DWCNTs, and MWCNTs are used alone or in plurality. Can be used in combination.
- the dispersant can be appropriately selected from those conventionally used as dispersants for conductive carbon materials such as CNT, and for example, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), acrylic resin emulsion, and water-soluble.
- CMC carboxymethyl cellulose
- PVP polyvinylpyrrolidone
- Acrylic resin emulsion and water-soluble.
- Sexual acrylic polymer styrene emulsion, silicon emulsion, acrylic silicon emulsion, fluororesin emulsion, EVA emulsion, vinyl acetate emulsion, vinyl chloride emulsion, urethane resin emulsion, Triarylamine-based highly branched polymer according to International Publication No. 2014/042080.
- a dispersant containing a polymer having an oxazoline group in the side chain described in International Publication No. 2015/0299949 it is preferable to use a dispersant containing the triarylamine-based highly branched polymer described in International Publication No. 2014/042080.
- the polymer having an oxazoline group in the side chain (hereinafter referred to as oxazoline polymer) is obtained by radically polymerizing an oxazoline monomer having a polymerizable carbon-carbon double bond-containing group at the 2-position as shown in the formula (1).
- the above X represents a polymerizable carbon-carbon double bond-containing group, and R 1 to R 4 independently have a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and 6 to 20 carbon atoms. It represents an aryl group or an aralkyl group having 7 to 20 carbon atoms.
- the polymerizable carbon-carbon double bond-containing group contained in the oxazoline monomer is not particularly limited as long as it contains a polymerizable carbon-carbon double bond, but is a chain containing a polymerizable carbon-carbon double bond.
- a state hydrocarbon group is preferable, and for example, an alkenyl group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms such as a vinyl group, an allyl group, and an isopropenyl group is preferable.
- the halogen atom include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom and an iodine atom.
- the alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms may be linear, branched or cyclic, and may be, for example, a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group or a sec-butyl group. , Tert-Butyl group, n-pentyl group, cyclohexyl group and the like.
- Examples of the aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms include a phenyl group, a xsilyl group, a trill group, a biphenyl group, and a naphthyl group.
- Examples of the aralkyl group having 7 to 20 carbon atoms include a benzyl group, a phenylethyl group and a phenylcyclohexyl group.
- Examples of the oxazoline monomer having a polymerizable carbon-carbon double bond-containing group at the 2-position represented by the formula (1) include 2-vinyl-2-oxazoline, 2-vinyl-4-methyl-2-oxazoline, and 2-vinyl.
- the oxazoline polymer is also water-soluble.
- a water-soluble oxazoline polymer may be a homopolymer of the oxazoline monomer represented by the above formula (1), but has a hydrophilic functional group with the above oxazoline monomer in order to further enhance the solubility in water (meth).
- Examples of the (meth) acrylic monomer having a hydrophilic functional group include (meth) acrylic acid, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, methoxypolyethylene glycol acrylate, a monoesterified product of acrylate and polyethylene glycol, and 2-amino acrylate.
- Ethyl and its salts 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, methoxypolyethylene glycol methacrylate, monoesteride of methacrylic acid and polyethylene glycol, 2-aminoethyl methacrylate and its salts, sodium (meth) acrylate, (meth) acrylic
- acrylic examples thereof include ammonium acid, (meth) acrylic nitrile, (meth) acrylamide, N-methylol (meth) acrylamide, N- (2-hydroxyethyl) (meth) acrylamide, sodium styrene sulfonate, etc., which are used alone. Alternatively, two or more types may be used in combination. Among these, methoxypolyethylene glycol (meth) acrylic acid and a monoesterified product of (meth) acrylic acid and polyethylene glycol are preferable.
- oxazoline monomer and other monomers other than the (meth) acrylic monomer having a hydrophilic functional group can be used in combination as long as the CNT dispersibility of the oxazoline polymer is not adversely affected.
- Other monomers include methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, butyl (meth) acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate, stearyl (meth) acrylate, and perfluoro (meth) acrylate.
- (Meta) acrylic acid ester monomers such as ethyl and phenyl (meth) acrylate; olefin monomers such as ethylene, propylene, butene and penten; haloolefin monomers such as vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride and vinyl fluoride; styrene, ⁇ -Styrene-based monomers such as methylstyrene; carboxylic acid vinyl ester-based monomers such as vinyl acetate and vinyl propionate; vinyl ether-based monomers such as methylvinyl ether and ethyl vinyl ether, etc.
- the above may be used in combination.
- the content of the oxazoline monomer is preferably 10% by mass or more, more preferably 20% by mass or more, from the viewpoint of further enhancing the CNT dispersibility of the obtained oxazoline polymer. It is preferable, and 30% by mass or more is even more preferable.
- the upper limit of the content of the oxazoline monomer in the monomer component is 100% by mass, and in this case, a homopolymer of the oxazoline monomer can be obtained.
- the content of the (meth) acrylic monomer having a hydrophilic functional group in the monomer component is preferably 10% by mass or more, more preferably 20% by mass or more, from the viewpoint of further increasing the water solubility of the obtained oxazoline polymer. , 30% by mass or more is even more preferable.
- the content of other monomers in the monomer component is in a range that does not affect the CNT dispersibility of the obtained oxazoline polymer, and it cannot be unconditionally determined because it differs depending on the type. It may be appropriately set in the range of preferably 5 to 95% by mass, more preferably 10 to 90% by mass.
- the average molecular weight of the oxazoline polymer is not particularly limited, but the weight average molecular weight is preferably 1,000 to 2,000,000, more preferably 2,000 to 1,000,000.
- the weight average molecular weight is a polystyrene-equivalent value obtained by gel permeation chromatography.
- the oxazoline polymer that can be used in the present invention can be synthesized by synthesizing the above-mentioned monomer by a conventionally known radical polymerization, but it can also be obtained as a commercially available product.
- commercially available products include Epocross WS-300 (manufactured by Nippon Catalyst Co., Ltd., solid content concentration 10% by mass, aqueous solution) and Epocross WS-700 (manufactured by Nippon Catalyst Co., Ltd., solid content concentration 25% by mass).
- a triarylamine-based highly branched polymer obtained by condensation polymerization of triarylamines and aldehydes and / or ketones represented by the following formulas (2) and (3) under acidic conditions is also suitable. Used for.
- Ar 1 to Ar 3 independently represent any of the divalent organic groups represented by the formulas (4) to (8), and in particular, the formulas.
- the substituted or unsubstituted phenylene group represented by (4) is preferable.
- Z 1 and Z 2 are independently hydrogen atoms, linear or branched alkyl groups having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or formulas (9) to (9) to ( It represents any monovalent organic group represented by 12) (however, Z 1 and Z 2 do not simultaneously become the above alkyl group).
- R 101 to R 138 independently have a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and 1 to 5 carbon atoms. Represents a linear or branched alkoxy group, or a carboxyl group, a sulfo group, a phosphoric acid group, a phosphonic acid group, or a salt thereof.
- halogen atom examples include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, and an iodine atom.
- the linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms includes a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group and an n-pentyl group. Group etc. can be mentioned.
- linear or branched alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms examples include a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, an n-propoxy group, an isopropoxy group, an n-butoxy group, a sec-butoxy group, a tert-butoxy group and an n-. Pentoxy groups and the like can be mentioned.
- salts of carboxyl group, sulfo group, phosphoric acid group and phosphonic acid group include alkali metal salts such as sodium and potassium; Group 2 metal salts such as magnesium and calcium; ammonium salts; propylamine, dimethylamine, triethylamine, ethylenediamine and the like.
- alkali metal salts such as sodium and potassium
- Group 2 metal salts such as magnesium and calcium
- ammonium salts propylamine, dimethylamine, triethylamine, ethylenediamine and the like.
- Alicyclic amine salts such as imidazoline, piperazine and morpholin; aromatic amine salts such as aniline and diphenylamine; pyridinium salts and the like.
- R 139 to R 162 are independently hydrogen atom, halogen atom, linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- Linear or branched haloalkyl group, phenyl group, OR 163 , COR 163 , NR 163 R 164 , COOR 165 In these formulas, R 163 and R 164 are independent hydrogen atoms and carbon atoms, respectively.
- R 165 is a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- R 165 represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- linear or branched haloalkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms a difluoromethyl group, a trifluoromethyl group, a bromodifluoromethyl group, a 2-chloroethyl group, a 2-bromoethyl group, and 1,1-difluoro Ethyl group, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl group, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl group, 2-chloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethyl group, pentafluoroethyl group, 3-bromo Propyl group, 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl group, 1,1,2,3,3,3-hexafluoropropyl group, 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane-2 -Il group, 3-bromo-2-methylpropyl group, 4-bromobutyl group, perfluoropentyl group and the like can be mentioned. Examples
- Z 1 and Z 2 independent hydrogen atoms, 2- or 3-thienyl groups, and groups represented by the formula (9) are preferable, and in particular, either Z 1 or Z 2 is a hydrogen atom.
- a hydrogen atom, a 2- or 3-thienyl group, a group represented by the formula (9), particularly one in which R 141 is a phenyl group or one in which R 141 is a methoxy group is more preferable.
- R 141 is a phenyl group
- an acidic group may be introduced on the phenyl group when the method of introducing the acidic group after polymer production is used in the acidic group introduction method described later.
- the highly branched polymer has a carboxyl group, which is contained in at least one aromatic ring of the repeating unit represented by the formula (2) or (3).
- Those having at least one acidic group selected from a sulfo group, a phosphoric acid group, a phosphonic acid group, and a salt thereof are preferable, and those having a sulfo group or a salt thereof are more preferable.
- aldehyde compound used in the production of the highly branched polymer examples include formaldehyde, paraformaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propyl aldehyde, butyl aldehyde, isobutyl aldehyde, barrel aldehyde, capron aldehyde, 2-methyl butyl aldehyde, hexyl aldehyde, undecyl aldehyde, and 7 -Saturated aliphatic aldehydes such as methoxy-3,7-dimethyloctyl aldehyde, cyclohexanecarboxyaldehyde, 3-methyl-2-butyl aldehyde, glioxal, malon aldehyde, succin aldehyde, glutal aldehyde, adipine aldehyde; Unsaturated aliphatic aldehydes such as; heterocyclic aldehydes such as
- the ketone compounds used in the production of the highly branched polymer include alkylaryl ketones and diaryl ketones.
- alkylaryl ketones For example, acetophenone, propiophenone, diphenyl ketone, phenylnaphthyl ketone, dinaphthyl ketone, phenyltril ketone and ditril ketone. And so on.
- the highly branched polymer used in the present invention can be produced, for example, according to the method described in International Publication No. 2014/042080.
- the average molecular weight of the highly branched polymer is not particularly limited, but the weight average molecular weight is preferably 1,000 to 2,000,000, more preferably 2,000 to 1,000,000.
- highly branched polymer examples include those represented by the following formulas, but are not limited thereto.
- the mixing ratio of CNT and the dispersant can be about 1,000: 1 to 1: 100 in terms of mass ratio.
- the amount of the dispersant added is not particularly limited as long as it can disperse the CNTs in the solvent, but is preferably 5 to 700 parts by mass, more preferably 10 to 10 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the conductive carbon material. It is 500 parts by mass, more preferably 20 to 300 parts by mass.
- composition of the present invention may contain a cross-linking agent that causes a cross-linking reaction with the dispersant used and a cross-linking agent that self-crosslinks, as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- cross-linking agents are preferably dissolved in the solvent used.
- cross-linking agent for the triarylamine-based highly branched polymer examples include melamine-based, substituted urea-based, and polymer-based cross-linking agents thereof, and these cross-linking agents may be used alone or in admixture of two or more. Can be used. It should be noted that preferably, it is a cross-linking agent having at least two cross-linking substituents, and is CYMEL (registered trademark), methoxymethylated glycol uryl, butoxymethylated glycol uryl, methylolated glycol uril, methoxymethylated melamine, butoxymethyl.
- CYMEL registered trademark
- Examples include compounds such as urea and condensates of these compounds.
- the cross-linking agent for the oxazoline polymer is particularly limited as long as it is a compound having two or more functional groups reactive with the oxazoline group such as a carboxyl group, a hydroxyl group, a thiol group, an amino group, a sulfic acid group and an epoxy group.
- a compound having two or more carboxyl groups is preferable.
- compounds having a functional group such as a sodium salt, a potassium salt, a lithium salt, or an ammonium salt of a carboxylic acid, which causes a cross-linking reaction due to the above-mentioned functional group being generated in the presence of an acid catalyst or heating during thin film formation, are also cross-linked. It can be used as an agent.
- compounds that cause a cross-linking reaction with an oxazoline group include synthetic polymers such as polyacrylic acid and its copolymers that exhibit cross-linking reactivity in the presence of an acid catalyst, and metal salts of natural polymers such as carboxymethyl cellulose and alginic acid.
- synthetic polymers such as polyacrylic acid and its copolymers that exhibit cross-linking reactivity in the presence of an acid catalyst
- metal salts of natural polymers such as carboxymethyl cellulose and alginic acid.
- ammonium salts of the above synthetic polymers and natural polymers that exhibit cross-linking reactivity by heating include ammonium salts of the above synthetic polymers and natural polymers that exhibit cross-linking reactivity by heating.
- sodium polyacrylate that exhibits cross-linking reactivity in the presence of an acid catalyst or under heating conditions Lithium polyacrylate, ammonium polyacrylate, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, lithium carboxymethyl cellulose, ammonium carboxymethyl cellulose and the like are preferable
- a compound that causes a cross-linking reaction with such an oxazoline group can also be obtained as a commercially available product.
- a commercially available product for example, sodium polyacrylate (manufactured by Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., degree of polymerization 2) , 700-7,500), sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (manufactured by Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.), sodium alginate (manufactured by Kanto Kagaku Co., Ltd., first grade deer), Aron A-30 (ammonium polyacrylate, Toa Synthetic) Examples thereof include, manufactured by Co., Ltd., solid content concentration of 32% by mass, aqueous solution), DN-800H (carboxymethyl cellulose ammonium, manufactured by Daicel Finechem Co., Ltd.) and ammonium alginate (manufactured by Kimika Co., Ltd.).
- Examples of the self-crosslinking agent include an aldehyde group for a hydroxyl group, an epoxy group, a vinyl group, an isocyanate group, an alkoxy group, and a carboxyl group for an aldehyde group, an amino group, an isocyanate group, an epoxy group, and an amino group.
- Compounds that have cross-reactive functional groups that react with each other in the same molecule such as isocyanate groups and aldehyde groups, hydroxyl groups that react with the same cross-functional functional groups (dehydration condensation), mercapto groups (disulfide bonds), Examples thereof include compounds having an ester group (Kreisen condensation), a silanol group (dehydration condensation), a vinyl group, an acrylic group and the like.
- the self-crosslinking cross-linking agent include a polyfunctional acrylate, a tetraalkoxysilane, a monomer having a blocked isocyanate group, and at least one of a hydroxyl group, a carboxylic acid, and an amino group, which exhibit cross-linking reactivity in the presence of an acid catalyst.
- examples thereof include block copolymers of monomers having.
- Such a self-crosslinking cross-linking agent can also be obtained as a commercially available product, and as such a commercially available product, for example, in the case of polyfunctional acrylate, A-9300 (ethoxylated isocyanuric acid triacrylate, Shin-Nakamura Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.
- the amount of the cross-linking agent added varies depending on the solvent used, the base material used, the required viscosity, the required film shape, etc., but is preferably 5 with respect to 100 parts by mass of the conductive carbon material. It is ⁇ 1,000 parts by mass, more preferably 10 to 800 parts by mass, and even more preferably 20 to 500 parts by mass.
- These cross-linking agents may cause a cross-linking reaction by self-condensation, but they cause a cross-linking reaction with the dispersant, and if cross-linking substituents are present in the dispersant, the cross-linking reaction is carried out by those cross-linking substituents. Is promoted.
- the solvent used for preparing the composition of the present invention is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include water and a hydrophilic solvent.
- the hydrophilic solvent is an organic solvent that is optionally mixed with water, for example, ethers such as tetrahydrofuran (THF); N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF), N, N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc), N-methyl.
- Amides such as -2-pyrrolidone (NMP); ketones such as acetone; alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol and isopropanol; glycols such as ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether and propylene glycol monomethyl ether.
- Organic solvents such as glycols such as ethylene glycol and propylene glycol can be mentioned. These solvents can be used alone or in admixture of two or more. In particular, water, NMP, DMF, THF, methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, and t-butanol are preferable from the viewpoint that the ratio of isolated dispersion of CNT can be improved. Further, it is preferable to contain methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, t-butanol and ethylene glycol monobutyl ether from the viewpoint of improving coatability. In addition, it is preferable to contain water from the viewpoint that the cost can be reduced. These solvents may be used alone or in admixture of two or more for the purpose of increasing the proportion of isolated dispersion, increasing the coatability, and reducing the cost.
- a polymer serving as a matrix may be added to the composition of the present invention.
- the matrix polymer include polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF), polytetrafluoroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer [P (VDF-HFP)], and foot.
- Fluorine-based resins such as vinylidene chloride-ethylene trifluoride copolymer [P (VDF-CTFE)]; polyvinylpyrrolidone, ethylene-propylene-diene ternary copolymer, PE (polyethylene), PP (polypropylene), EVA (Ethethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer), EEA (ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymer) and other polyolefin resins; PS (polystyrene), HIPS (high impact polystyrene), AS (acrylonitrile-styrene copolymer), ABS Polystyrene resins such as (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer), MS (methyl methacrylate-styrene copolymer), styrene-butadiene rubber; polycarbonate resin; vinyl chloride resin; polyamide resin; polyimide resin; sodium polyacrylate , (Meta
- the matrix polymer is also water-soluble, for example, sodium polyacrylate, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, water-soluble.
- the matrix polymer is also water-soluble, for example, sodium polyacrylate, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, water-soluble.
- examples thereof include sex cellulose ether, sodium alginate, polyvinyl alcohol, polystyrene sulfonic acid, polyethylene glycol and the like, and sodium polyacrylate, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and the like are particularly preferable.
- the matrix polymer can also be obtained as a commercially available product, and such commercially available products include, for example, sodium polyacrylate (manufactured by Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., degree of polymerization 2,700 to 7,500), carboxy.
- the amount of the matrix polymer added is not particularly limited, but is preferably about 0.0001 to 99% by mass, preferably about 0.001 to 90% by mass in the composition. Is more preferable.
- the method for preparing the composition of the present invention is not particularly limited, but a dispersion liquid is prepared by mixing CNT, a dispersant, a solvent and a P1 polymer, a matrix polymer used as necessary, and the like in any order. It may be prepared.
- the P1 polymer has a cross-linking reactive group such as a carboxy group and there is a concern that an unintended cross-linking reaction may occur between the cross-linking reactive group and the dispersant, the above-mentioned cross-linking reactivity Part or all of the groups may be neutralized with a base such as ammonia. Further, it is preferable to disperse the mixture, and this treatment can further improve the dispersion ratio of CNTs.
- dispersion treatment examples include wet treatment using a ball mill, bead mill, jet mill, etc., which is a mechanical treatment, and ultrasonic treatment using a bath type or probe type sonicator. In particular, wet treatment using a jet mill. And ultrasonic treatment are suitable.
- the time of the dispersion treatment is arbitrary, but it is preferably about 1 minute to 10 hours, more preferably about 5 minutes to 5 hours. At this time, heat treatment may be performed if necessary.
- any component such as a matrix polymer may be added after preparing a mixture consisting of CNT, a dispersant and a solvent.
- the solid content concentration of the composition is not particularly limited, but is preferably 20% by mass or less, preferably 15% by mass, in consideration of forming the undercoat layer with a desired basis weight and film thickness.
- the following is more preferable, 10% by mass or less is further preferable, and 5% by mass or less is further preferable.
- the lower limit thereof is arbitrary, but from a practical point of view, 0.1% by mass or more is preferable, 0.5% by mass or more is more preferable, and 1% by mass or more is even more preferable.
- the solid content is the total amount of components other than the solvent constituting the composition.
- composition described above can be applied to at least one surface of the current collector and naturally or heat-dried to form an undercoat layer to prepare an undercoat foil (composite current collector).
- a current collector conventionally used as an electrode for an energy storage device can be used.
- copper, aluminum, titanium, stainless steel, nickel, gold, silver and alloys thereof, carbon materials, metal oxides, conductive polymers and the like can be used, but welding such as ultrasonic welding is applied.
- a metal foil made of copper, aluminum, titanium, stainless steel or an alloy thereof.
- the thickness of the current collector is not particularly limited, but in the present invention, it is preferably 1 to 100 ⁇ m.
- Examples of the coating method of the composition include spin coating method, dip coating method, flow coating method, inkjet method, casting method, spray coating method, bar coating method, gravure coating method, slit coating method, roll coating method, and flexo printing.
- Examples include the method, transfer printing method, brush coating, blade coating method, air knife coating method, die coating method, etc., but from the viewpoint of work efficiency, the inkjet method, casting method, dip coating method, bar coating method, blade coating method, etc. , Roll coating method, gravure coating method, flexo printing method, spray coating method, and die coating method are preferable.
- the temperature at the time of heating and drying is also arbitrary, but is preferably about 50 to 200 ° C, more preferably about 80 to 150 ° C.
- the thickness of the undercoat layer is preferably 1 nm to 10 ⁇ m, more preferably 1 nm to 1 ⁇ m, and even more preferably 1 to 500 nm, in consideration of reducing the internal resistance of the obtained device.
- the thickness of the undercoat layer can be determined by, for example, cutting a test piece of an appropriate size from the undercoat foil, exposing the cross section by a method such as tearing it by hand, and observing with a microscope such as a scanning electron microscope (SEM). It can be obtained from the portion where the undercoat layer is exposed in the cross-sectional portion.
- Basis weight of the undercoat layer per one surface of the current collector is not particularly limited as long as it satisfies the above thickness is preferably 1,000 mg / m 2 or less, more preferably 500 mg / m 2, 300 mg / M 2 or less is even more preferable, and 200 / m 2 or less is even more preferable.
- the basis weight of the undercoat layer per surface of the current collector is preferably 1 mg / m 2 or more, more preferably 5 mg / m /. It is m 2 or more, more preferably 10 mg / m 2 or more, still more preferably 15 mg / m 2 or more.
- the amount of the undercoat layer is the ratio of the mass (mg) of the undercoat layer to the area (m 2 ) of the undercoat layer.
- the area is undercoat. It is the area of only the coat layer, and does not include the area of the current collector exposed between the undercoat layers formed in a pattern.
- the mass of the undercoat layer for example, a test piece having an appropriate size is cut out from the undercoat foil, the mass W0 thereof is measured, then the undercoat layer is peeled from the undercoat foil, and the undercoat layer is peeled off.
- the mass W1 of the undercoat layer is measured and calculated from the difference (W0-W1), or the mass W2 of the current collector is measured in advance and then the mass W3 of the undercoat foil on which the undercoat layer is formed is measured. , It can be calculated from the difference (W3-W2).
- Examples of the method of peeling the undercoat layer include a method of immersing the undercoat layer in a solvent in which the undercoat layer dissolves or swells, and wiping the undercoat layer with a cloth or the like.
- the basis weight and film thickness can be adjusted by a known method.
- the solid content concentration of the coating liquid (composition for forming the undercoat layer) for forming the undercoat layer, the number of coatings, and the coating liquid inlet of the coating machine It can be adjusted by changing the clearance etc. If you want to increase the basis weight and film thickness, increase the solid content concentration, increase the number of applications, and increase the clearance. If you want to reduce the basis weight and film thickness, lower the solid content concentration, reduce the number of coatings, and reduce the clearance.
- the electrode for an energy storage device of the present invention can be produced by forming an electrode mixture layer on the undercoat layer.
- the energy storage device in the present invention include various energy storage devices such as electric double layer capacitors, lithium secondary batteries, lithium ion secondary batteries, proton polymer batteries, nickel hydrogen batteries, aluminum solid capacitors, electrolytic capacitors, and lead storage batteries.
- the undercoat foil of the present invention can be particularly preferably used for electric double layer capacitors and lithium ion secondary batteries.
- the electrode mixture layer can be formed by applying an electrode slurry prepared by combining an active material, a binder polymer and, if necessary, a solvent on the undercoat layer, and naturally or by heating and drying.
- the active material various active materials conventionally used for electrodes for energy storage devices can be used.
- a chalcogen compound or a lithium ion-containing interchalcogen compound, a polyanion compound, a simple substance of sulfur and its compound, etc. which can adsorb and desorb lithium ions as a positive electrode active material. can.
- Examples of the chalcogen compound capable of adsorbing and removing such lithium ions include FeS 2 , TiS 2 , MoS 2 , V 2 O 6 , V 6 O 13 , Mn O 2, and the like.
- Examples of the lithium ion-containing chalcogen compounds e.g., LiCoO 2, LiMnO 2, LiMn 2 O 4, LiMo 2 O 4, LiV 3 O 8, LiNiO 2, Li x Ni y M 1-y O 2 ( where, M is Represents at least one metal element selected from Co, Mn, Ti, Cr, V, Al, Sn, Pb, and Zn, 0.05 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.10, 0.5 ⁇ y ⁇ 1.0.
- Etc. can be mentioned.
- Examples of the polyanion compound include LiFePO 4 and the like.
- the sulfur compounds for example, Li 2 S, etc. rubeanic acid.
- the negative electrode active material constituting the negative electrode at least one element selected from the elements of Groups 4 to 15 of the periodic table that occlude and release alkali metals, alkali alloys, and lithium ions, oxides, sulfides, and nitrides.
- a material or a carbon material capable of reversibly occluding and releasing lithium ions can be used.
- Examples of the alkali metal include Li, Na, K and the like, and examples of the alkali metal alloy include Li-Al, Li-Mg, Li-Al-Ni, Na-Hg, Na-Zn and the like.
- Examples of a simple substance of at least one element selected from the elements of Groups 4 to 15 of the periodic table that occlude and release lithium ions include silicon, tin, aluminum, zinc, and arsenic.
- oxides include silicon monoxide (SiO), silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ), tin silicon oxide (SnSiO 3 ), bismuth lithium oxide (Li 3 BiO 4 ), zinc lithium oxide (Li 2 ZnO 2 ), and lithium.
- Examples thereof include titanium oxide (Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 ) and titanium oxide.
- examples of the sulfide include lithium iron sulfide (Li x FeS 2 (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 3)) and lithium copper sulfide (Li x CuS (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 3)).
- Examples of the carbon material capable of reversibly storing and releasing lithium ions include graphite, carbon black, coke, glassy carbon, carbon fibers, carbon nanotubes, and sintered bodies thereof.
- a carbonaceous material can be used as an active material.
- this carbonaceous material include activated carbon, and examples thereof include activated carbon obtained by carbonizing a phenol resin and then activating it.
- the binder polymer it can be appropriately selected from known materials and used.
- polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) polyvinylpyrrolidone
- PVdF polyvinylidene fluoride
- polyvinylpyrrolidone polytetrafluoroethylene
- tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer vinylidene fluoride- Hexafluoropropylene copolymer [P (VDF-HFP)]
- polyvinylidene alcohol polyimide
- ethylene-propylene-diene ternary common weight examples thereof include coalescence, styrene-butadiene rubber, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), polyacrylic acid (PAA), polyaniline, polyimide, and polyamide.
- the amount of the binder polymer added is preferably 0.1 to 40 parts by
- the solvent examples include the solvents exemplified in the solvents for the above compositions, which may be appropriately selected depending on the type of binder, but in the case of a water-insoluble binder such as PVdF, NMP is preferable. Yes, in the case of a water-soluble binder such as PAA, water is suitable.
- the electrode slurry may contain a conductive material.
- the conductive material include carbon black, ketjen black, acetylene black, carbon whisker, carbon fiber, natural graphite, artificial graphite, titanium oxide, ruthenium oxide, aluminum, nickel and the like.
- Examples of the method for applying the electrode slurry include the same method as the method for applying the composition described above.
- the temperature for heating and drying is also arbitrary, but is preferably about 50 to 400 ° C, more preferably about 80 to 150 ° C.
- the electrodes may be pressed if necessary.
- the press pressure is preferably 30 kN / cm or less.
- the pressing method a generally adopted method can be used, but a die pressing method and a roll pressing method are particularly preferable.
- the press pressure is not particularly limited, but is preferably 10 kN / cm or less, and more preferably 5 kN / cm or less.
- the energy storage device includes the above-mentioned electrodes for the energy storage device, and more specifically, includes at least a pair of positive and negative electrodes, a separator interposed between each of these electrodes, and an electrolyte. At least one of the positive and negative electrodes is composed of the electrodes for the energy storage device described above.
- this energy storage device is characterized by using the above-mentioned electrode for the energy storage device as an electrode, other device components such as a separator and an electrolyte can be appropriately selected from known materials and used. can.
- the separator include a cellulose-based separator and a polyolefin-based separator.
- the electrolyte may be either liquid or solid, and may be either aqueous or non-aqueous, but the electrode for the energy storage device of the present invention is practically sufficient when applied to a device using a non-aqueous electrolyte. It can demonstrate its performance.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte include a non-aqueous electrolyte solution obtained by dissolving an electrolyte salt in a non-aqueous organic solvent.
- lithium salts such as lithium tetrafluoride borate, lithium hexafluoride phosphate, lithium perchlorate, and lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate; tetramethylammonium hexafluorophosphate, tetraethylammonium hexafluorophosphate, and tetrapropylammonium hexaphate.
- Quaternary ammonium salts such as fluorophosphate, methyltriethylammonium hexafluorophosphate, tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate, tetraethylammonium perchlorate, lithium imide such as lithium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide, and lithium imide such as lithium bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide can be mentioned. Be done.
- non-aqueous organic solvent examples include alkylene carbonates such as propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate and butylene carbonate; dialkyl carbonates such as dimethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate and diethyl carbonate; nitriles such as acetonitrile and amides such as dimethylformamide. ..
- the form of the energy storage device is not particularly limited, and cells of various conventionally known forms such as a cylindrical type, a flat winding angular type, a laminated square type, a coin type, a flat winding laminated type, and a laminated laminated type can be used. Can be adopted.
- the electrode for the energy storage device of the present invention described above may be punched into a predetermined disk shape and used.
- one electrode is installed on a lid to which a washer and a spacer of a coin cell are welded, and a separator of the same shape impregnated with an electrolytic solution is superposed on the electrode. It can be manufactured by stacking the electrodes for the energy storage device of the present invention with the mixture layer facing down, placing the case and the gasket, and sealing with a coin cell caulking machine.
- the electrode mixture layer When applied to the laminated laminate type, the electrode mixture layer is welded to the metal tab at the portion (welded portion) where the electrode mixture layer is not formed in the electrode formed on a part or the entire surface of the undercoat layer.
- the obtained electrode structure may be used.
- the number of electrodes constituting the electrode structure may be one or more, but in general, a plurality of positive and negative electrodes are used.
- the plurality of electrodes for forming the positive electrode are preferably stacked one by one with the plurality of electrodes for forming the negative electrode, and at that time, the above-mentioned separator is interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. Is preferable.
- the material of the metal tab is not particularly limited as long as it is generally used for energy storage devices, and for example, metals such as nickel, aluminum, titanium and copper; stainless steel, nickel alloys, aluminum alloys, etc. Examples thereof include alloys such as titanium alloys and copper alloys, but in consideration of welding efficiency, those containing at least one metal selected from aluminum, copper and nickel are preferable.
- the shape of the metal tab is preferably foil-like, and the thickness thereof is preferably about 0.05 to 1 mm.
- a known method used for welding metals can be used, and specific examples thereof include TIG welding, spot welding, laser welding, ultrasonic welding, etc., and electrodes are used in ultrasonic welding. And metal tabs are preferably welded together.
- a method of ultrasonic welding for example, a method of arranging a plurality of electrodes between an anvil and a horn, arranging a metal tab in the welded portion and applying ultrasonic waves to weld them all at once, or a method of welding electrodes together. Examples thereof include a method of welding first and then welding a metal tab.
- the metal tab and the electrode are welded at the welded portion, but also a plurality of electrodes are ultrasonically welded to each other.
- the pressure, frequency, output, processing time, etc. at the time of welding are not particularly limited, and may be appropriately set in consideration of the material to be used, the presence / absence of the undercoat layer, the basis weight, and the like.
- the electrode structure produced as described above is stored in a laminate pack, the above-mentioned electrolytic solution is injected, and then heat-sealed to obtain a laminate cell.
- the devices used are as follows. (1) Freeze-dryer (drying of compounds) FDU-2100, manufactured by Tokyo Rika Kikai Co., Ltd. (2) Probe type ultrasonic irradiation device UIP1000 manufactured by Hielscher Ultrasonics (3) Wire bar coater (undercoat layer formation) PM-9050MC manufactured by SMT Co., Ltd. (4) Homo disper (mixing of electrode slurry) Made by Primix Corporation, T.K. K.
- Adhesive / film peeling analyzer (adhesive force measurement) Kyowa Interface Science Co., Ltd., VPA-3 (10) Ultrasonic welding machine (welding of electrode tabs) Made by Emerson Japan, Ltd., 2000X (11)
- Desktop type / manual / thick gusset bag sealer (Lamicelle seal) Made by Fuji Impulse Co., Ltd., T-230K
- Vacuum packing machine (vacuum seal of Lamicelle) Made by TOSEI Co., Ltd., V-307G II
- Charge / discharge measuring device (secondary battery evaluation) 580 battery test system manufactured by Scribner Associates Inc.
- Dispersion Liquid 2 WS-700 which is an aqueous solution containing 0.5 g (100 parts by mass) of TC-2010 (manufactured by Toda Kogyo Co., Ltd., multilayer CNT), which is a conductive carbon material, and an oxazoline polymer. (Made by Nippon Catalyst Co., Ltd., solid content concentration: 25.0% by mass) 2.0 g (100 parts by mass), 40.15 g of pure water, 2-propanol (manufactured by Junsei Chemical Co., Ltd., special grade reagent) 7 .35 g was mixed. The obtained mixture was subjected to ultrasonic treatment for 30 minutes using a probe-type ultrasonic irradiation device to prepare a dispersion liquid 2 in which the conductive carbon material was uniformly dispersed.
- TC-2010 manufactured by Toda Kogyo Co., Ltd., multilayer CNT
- oxazoline polymer o
- Dispersion Liquid 3 WS which is an aqueous solution containing 0.5 g (100 parts by mass) of FloTube 6121 (manufactured by Jiangsu Cnano Technology Co., Ltd., multilayer CNT) which is a conductive carbon material and an oxazoline polymer.
- -300 manufactured by Nippon Catalyst Co., Ltd., solid content concentration: 10.0% by mass
- 37.15 g of pure water and 2-propanol (manufactured by Junsei Chemical Co., Ltd., special grade reagent) ) 7.35 g was mixed.
- the obtained mixture was subjected to ultrasonic treatment for 30 minutes using a probe-type ultrasonic irradiation device to prepare a dispersion liquid 3 in which the conductive carbon material was uniformly dispersed.
- dispersion liquid 4 WS which is an aqueous solution containing 0.5 g (100 parts by mass) of FloTube 6121 (manufactured by Jiangsu Cnano Technology Co., Ltd., multilayer CNT) which is a conductive carbon material and an oxazoline polymer.
- -700 manufactured by Nippon Catalyst Co., Ltd., solid content concentration: 25.0% by mass
- 40.15 g of pure water, 2-propanol manufactured by Junsei Chemical Co., Ltd., special grade reagent
- composition A1 for thin film formation in which 50 parts by mass of compound 1 is mixed with dispersion liquid 1, pure water and 2-propanol (manufactured by Junsei Chemical Co., Ltd., special grade reagent) are mixed to make the solid content concentration 1% by mass.
- dispersion liquid 1 pure water
- 2-propanol manufactured by Junsei Chemical Co., Ltd., special grade reagent
- the thin film forming composition A1 was a black ink in which CNTs were uniformly dispersed.
- Examples 1-2 to 1-4 The thin film forming compositions A2 to A4 were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1-1 except that the blending amount of each P1 polymer was changed as shown in Table 1 and the solid content concentration was adjusted to 1% by mass. ..
- the thin film forming compositions A2 to A4 were all black inks in which CNTs were uniformly dispersed.
- Table 1 summarizes the compositions of the thin film forming compositions A1 to A4.
- Example 2-1 100 parts by mass of compound 1, 50 parts by mass of Aron A-30 (manufactured by Toa Synthetic Co., Ltd., solid content concentration: 31.6% by mass), pure water, 2-propanol (Junsei Chemical Co., Ltd.) Co., Ltd., Reagent Special Grade) was mixed to prepare a thin film forming composition B1 having a solid content concentration of 1% by mass.
- Example 2-2 The thin film forming composition B2 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 2-1 except that the blending amount of Aron A-30 was changed to 100 parts by mass and the solid content concentration was adjusted to 1% by mass.
- compositions of the thin film forming compositions B1 and B2 are summarized in Table 2.
- Example 3-1 The thin film forming composition C1 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1-4 except that the compound 1 was changed to the compound 2.
- composition of the thin film forming composition C1 is summarized in Table 3.
- Example 1-1 A thin film forming composition a1 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1-1 except that compound 1 was changed to Isovan 110 (manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd.).
- Compound 2 was changed to Isovan 110, which is a comparative product of P1 polymer, and the blending amounts of each were changed as shown in Table 4, and the solid content concentration was adjusted to 1% by mass.
- the thin film forming compositions a2 to a4 were prepared in the same manner.
- Table 4 summarizes the compositions of the thin film forming compositions a1 to a4.
- Composition for thin film formation in which 76 parts by mass of Aron A-30, pure water, and 2-propanol (manufactured by Junsei Chemical Co., Ltd., special grade reagent) are mixed in dispersion 1 to make the solid content concentration 1% by mass.
- Object b1 was prepared.
- Comparative Example 2-3 Comparative example except that pure water and 2-propanol (manufactured by Junsei Chemical Co., Ltd., special grade reagent) were mixed to make the solid content concentration 1% by mass without adding Aron A-30 to the dispersion liquid 1.
- the thin film forming composition b3 was prepared in the same manner as in 2-1.
- Table 5 summarizes the compositions of the thin film forming compositions b1 to b3.
- Example 4-1 Composition D1 for forming a thin film in which 50 parts by mass of compound 1 is mixed with dispersion liquid 2, pure water and 2-propanol (manufactured by Junsei Chemical Co., Ltd., special grade reagent) are mixed to have a solid content concentration of 1% by mass.
- Examples 4-2 to 4-4 The thin film forming compositions D2 to D4 were prepared in the same manner as in Example 4-1 except that the blending amount of each P1 polymer was changed as shown in Table 5 and the solid content concentration was adjusted to 1% by mass. ..
- Table 6 summarizes the compositions of the thin film forming compositions D1 to D4.
- Table 7 summarizes the compositions of the thin film forming compositions c1 and c2.
- Examples 5-2, 5-3 The thin film forming compositions E2 and E3 were prepared in the same manner as in Example 5-1 except that the blending amounts of the P1 polymers were changed as shown in Table 7 and the solid content concentration was adjusted to 1% by mass. ..
- Table 8 summarizes the compositions of the thin film forming compositions E1 to E3.
- Example 6-1 50 parts by mass of compound 1 in the dispersion liquid 4, pure water, and 2-propanol (manufactured by Junsei Chemical Co., Ltd., special grade reagent) are mixed to make the solid content concentration 1% by mass of the thin film forming composition F1.
- Examples 6-2 to 6-4 The blending amount of each P1 polymer was changed as shown in Table 8, and pure water and 2-propanol (manufactured by Junsei Chemical Co., Ltd., special grade reagent) were mixed to adjust the solid content concentration to 1% by mass.
- the compositions F2 to F4 for forming a thin film were prepared in the same manner as in Example 6-1 except for the above.
- Table 9 summarizes the compositions of the thin film forming compositions F1 to F3.
- Example 7-1 100 parts by mass of compound 3 was mixed with the dispersion liquid 5, NMP and butyl cellosolve (manufactured by Junsei Chemical Co., Ltd., special grade reagent) were mixed to prepare a thin film forming composition G1 having a solid content concentration of 1% by mass. ..
- Example 7-1 Example 7-1, except that NMP and butyl cellosolve (manufactured by Junsei Chemical Co., Ltd., special grade reagent) were mixed without adding P1 polymer to the dispersion liquid 5 and the solid content concentration was adjusted to 1% by mass.
- the thin film forming composition d1 was prepared in the same manner.
- Example 4-2 A thin film forming composition d2 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 7-1 except that Compound 3 was changed to Isovan 18 (manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd.), which is a comparative product of P1 polymer.
- Table 10 summarizes the compositions of the thin film forming compositions G1, d1 and d2.
- Example 8-1 Composition H1 for thin film formation in which 50 parts by mass of compound 1 is mixed with dispersion liquid 3, pure water and 2-propanol (manufactured by Junsei Chemical Co., Ltd., special grade reagent) are mixed to have a solid content concentration of 2% by mass.
- dispersion liquid 3 pure water and 2-propanol (manufactured by Junsei Chemical Co., Ltd., special grade reagent) are mixed to have a solid content concentration of 2% by mass.
- Example 8-2 to 8-4 The blending amount of each P1 polymer was changed as shown in Table 10, and pure water and 2-propanol (manufactured by Junsei Chemical Co., Ltd., special grade reagent) were mixed to adjust the solid content concentration to 2% by mass.
- the compositions H2 to H4 for forming a thin film were prepared in the same manner as in Example 8-1 except for the above.
- compositions of the thin film forming compositions H1 to H4 are summarized in Table 11.
- Example 9-1 Composition I1 for forming a thin film in which 50 parts by mass of compound 1 is mixed with a dispersion liquid 4, pure water and 2-propanol (manufactured by Junsei Chemical Co., Ltd., special grade reagent) are mixed to have a solid content concentration of 2% by mass.
- Example 9-2 to 9-4 The blending amount of each P1 polymer was changed as shown in Table 11, and pure water and 2-propanol (manufactured by Junsei Chemical Co., Ltd., special grade reagent) were mixed to adjust the solid content concentration to 2% by mass.
- the compositions I2 to I4 for forming a thin film were prepared in the same manner as in Example 9-1 except for the above.
- compositions of the thin film forming compositions I1 to I4 are summarized in Table 12.
- Example 10-1 Manufacture of electrodes and evaluation of adhesion
- the thin film forming composition A1 was uniformly developed on a copper foil (thickness 15 ⁇ m) as a current collector using OSP-13 with a wire bar coater, and then dried at 120 ° C. for 20 minutes to form a thin film (undercoat layer). ) was formed to prepare a composite current collector.
- the obtained composite current collector was a laminate (estimated basis weight: 100 mg / m 2 ) in which the surface of the copper foil was uniformly covered with a conductive carbon material.
- the estimated basis weight means the amount of basis weight expected when a composition for forming a thin film having a predetermined solid content concentration is applied onto a current collector using a predetermined wire bar coater (hereinafter,). Similarly).
- the assumed basis weight amount when the composition for forming a thin film having a solid content concentration of 1% by mass is used is as follows.
- OSP-13 (wet film thickness 13 ⁇ m): 100 mg / m 2
- OSP-6 wet film thickness 6 ⁇ m): 50 mg / m 2
- OSP-3 wet film thickness 3 ⁇ m
- the estimated basis weight when the composition for forming a thin film having a solid content concentration of 2% by mass is used is as follows.
- Silicon manufactured by Japan NER Co., Ltd. 13.5 g as active material, polyacrylic acid (PAA, manufactured by Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) 3.6 g as binder, acetylene black (AB, Denka Co., Ltd.) as conductive aid ), 0.9 g and 42.0 g of water were mixed in a homodisper at 3,000 rpm for 5 minutes. Next, a bead mill is used to mix the mixture at 2,000 rpm for 30 minutes, and then a rotation / revolution mixer is used to defoam the bubbles at 1,000 rpm for 2 minutes to obtain an electrode slurry (solid content concentration: 30% by mass, silicon: PAA: AB).
- Example 10-2 A composite current collector and electrodes were produced in the same manner as in Example 10-1 except that OSP-6 was used instead of OSP-13 in the wire bar coater. Details are shown in Table 13.
- Example 10-3 A composite current collector and electrodes were produced in the same manner as in Example 10-1 except that OSP-3 was used instead of OSP-13 in the wire bar coater. Details are shown in Table 13.
- Example 10-4 A composite current collector and electrodes were produced in the same manner as in Example 10-1 except that the thin film forming composition A2 was used instead of the thin film forming composition A1. Details are shown in Table 13.
- Example 10-5 A composite current collector and electrodes were produced in the same manner as in Example 10-4, except that OSP-6 was used instead of OSP-13 in the wire bar coater. Details are shown in Table 13.
- Example 10-6 A composite current collector and electrodes were produced in the same manner as in Example 10-4, except that OSP-3 was used instead of OSP-13 in the wire bar coater. Details are shown in Table 13.
- Example 10-7 to 10-8 A composite current collector and an electrode were produced in the same manner as in Example 10-1 except that the thin film forming compositions A3 to A4 were used instead of the thin film forming composition A1. Details are shown in Table 13.
- Examples 11-1 to 11-2 A composite current collector and electrodes were produced in the same manner as in Example 10-1 except that the thin film forming compositions B1 and B2 were used instead of the thin film forming composition A1. Details are shown in Table 14.
- Example 12-1 The thin film forming composition C1 was uniformly developed on a copper foil (thickness 15 ⁇ m) as a current collector using OSP-13 with a wire bar coater, and then dried at 110 ° C. for 20 minutes to form a thin film (undercoat layer). ) was formed to prepare a composite current collector.
- the obtained composite current collector was a laminate (estimated basis weight: 100 mg / m 2 ) in which the surface of the copper foil was uniformly covered with a conductive carbon material.
- an electrode mixture layer was formed on the undercoat layer of the obtained composite current collector in the same procedure as in Example 10-1 to prepare an electrode. Details are shown in Table 15.
- Example 6-1 A composite current collector and electrodes were produced in the same manner as in Example 12-1 except that the thin film forming composition b1 was used instead of the thin film forming composition C1. Details are shown in Table 17.
- Comparative Example 6-2 A composite current collector and electrodes were produced in the same manner as in Comparative Example 6-1 except that OSP-6 was used instead of OSP-13 in the wire bar coater. Details are shown in Table 17.
- Example 6-3 A composite current collector and electrodes were produced in the same manner as in Example 12-1 except that the thin film forming composition b2 was used instead of the thin film forming composition C1. Details are shown in Table 17.
- Comparative Example 6-4 A composite current collector and electrodes were produced in the same manner as in Comparative Example 6-3, except that OSP-6 was used instead of OSP-13 in the wire bar coater. Details are shown in Table 17.
- Example 6-5 A composite current collector and electrodes were produced in the same manner as in Example 12-1 except that the thin film forming composition b3 was used instead of the thin film forming composition C1. Details are shown in Table 17.
- Examples 13-1 to 13-4 A composite current collector and electrodes were produced in the same manner as in Example 12-1 except that the thin film forming compositions D1 to D4 were used instead of the thin film forming composition C1. Details are shown in Table 18.
- Example 7-1 A composite current collector and electrodes were produced in the same manner as in Example 12-1 except that the thin film forming composition c1 was used instead of the thin film forming composition C1. Details are shown in Table 19.
- Example 7-2 A composite current collector and electrodes were produced in the same manner as in Example 10-1 except that the thin film forming composition c2 was used instead of the thin film forming composition A1. Details are shown in Table 19.
- Example 14-1 to 14-3 A composite current collector and electrodes were produced in the same manner as in Example 10-1 except that the thin film forming compositions E1 to E3 were used instead of the thin film forming composition A1. Details are shown in Table 20.
- Example 15-1 to 15-4 A composite current collector and electrodes were produced in the same manner as in Example 10-1 except that the thin film forming compositions F1 to F4 were used instead of the thin film forming composition A1. Details are shown in Table 21.
- Example 16-1 A composite current collector and electrodes were produced in the same manner as in Example 10-1 except that the thin film forming composition G1 was used instead of the thin film forming composition A1. Details are shown in Table 22.
- Examples 17-1 to 17-4 A composite current collector and electrodes were produced in the same manner as in Example 10-1 except that the thin film forming compositions H1 to H4 were used instead of the thin film forming composition A1. Details are shown in Table 23.
- Example 18-1 to 18-4 A composite current collector and electrodes were produced in the same manner as in Example 10-1 except that the thin film forming compositions I1 to I4 were used instead of the thin film forming composition A1. Details are shown in Table 24.
- Example 19-1 Silicon monoxide (SiO, manufactured by Osaka Titanium Technologies Co., Ltd.) 6.92 g as active material, graphite (CGB-10, manufactured by Nippon Graphite Co., Ltd.) 16.15 g, lithium polyacrylate (PAALI) 7.96 g as binder , 1.59 g of acetylene black (AB, manufactured by Denka Co., Ltd.), 1.06 g of carbon nanotubes (VGCF, manufactured by Showa Denko Co., Ltd.), and 26.32 g of water as conductive aids at 8,000 rpm at 8,000 rpm. Mixed for minutes.
- SiO Silicon monoxide
- CGB-10 manufactured by Nippon Graphite Co., Ltd.
- PAALI lithium polyacrylate
- VGCF carbon nanotubes
- a thin film swirl type high-speed mixer is used to perform a mixing process at a peripheral speed of 20 m / sec for 60 seconds, and the rotation / revolution mixer is defoamed at 1,000 rpm for 2 minutes to obtain an electrode slurry (solid content concentration 44 mass).
- the obtained electrode slurry was developed on the composite current collector obtained in Example 10-4 using an applicator (wet film thickness: 90 ⁇ m), dried at 80 ° C. for 30 minutes, and then dried at 120 ° C. for 30 minutes under.
- An electrode mixture layer (dry film thickness of about 45 ⁇ m) was formed on the coat layer, and further pressure-bonded with a roll press machine at a press pressure of 0.125 kN / cm to prepare an electrode.
- LCO lithium cobalt oxide
- AB acetylene black
- PVdF polyvinylidene fluoride
- grain size 16.5 mg / m 2
- a positive electrode was placed on the laminated film, a separator (Celguard # 2400 manufactured by Cellguard Co., Ltd.) and an electrode D were superposed on the positive electrode, and fixed with imide tape.
- the laminate cell was sealed, leaving a part to be the injection port of the electrolytic solution.
- the mixture was vacuum-sealed. Then, the mixture was allowed to stand for 5 hours to prepare three secondary batteries for testing.
- Example 19-2 to 19-4 Same as in Example 19-1 except that the composite current collectors obtained in Examples 10-8, 13-4, 14-1, 14-3 or 15-2 were used as the current collectors, respectively. Made three secondary batteries for testing
- composition for thin film formation-2 [Examples 20-1, 20-2]
- the thin film forming compositions J1 and J2 were prepared in the same manner as in Example 5-1 except that the types and blending amounts of the P1 polymers were changed as shown in Table 27 and the solid content concentration was adjusted to 1% by mass. Prepared.
- the thin film forming compositions J1 and J2 were both black inks in which CNTs were uniformly dispersed.
- compositions of the thin film forming compositions J1 and J2 are summarized in Table 27.
- Examples 21-1, 21-2 The thin film forming compositions K1 and K2 were prepared in the same manner as in Example 5-1 except that the types and blending amounts of the P1 polymers were changed as shown in Table 28 and the solid content concentration was adjusted to 1% by mass. Prepared. The thin film forming compositions K1 and K2 were both black inks in which CNTs were uniformly dispersed.
- compositions of the thin film forming compositions K1 and K2 are summarized in Table 28.
- Example 22-1 The thin film forming composition L1 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 5-1 except that the type and blending amount of the P1 polymer were changed as shown in Table 29 and the solid content concentration was adjusted to 1% by mass.
- the thin film forming composition L1 was a black ink in which CNTs were uniformly dispersed.
- composition of the thin film forming composition L1 is summarized in Table 29.
- Example 23-1 Manufacture of electrodes and evaluation of adhesion force-2 [Example 23-1] A composite current collector and electrodes were produced in the same manner as in Example 10-1 except that the thin film forming composition J1 was used instead of the thin film forming composition A1. Details are shown in Table 30.
- Example 23-2 A composite current collector and electrodes were produced in the same manner as in Example 23-1 except that OSP-6 was used instead of OSP-13 in the wire bar coater. Details are shown in Table 30.
- Example 23-3 A composite current collector and electrodes were produced in the same manner as in Example 10-1 except that the thin film forming composition J2 was used instead of the thin film forming composition A1. Details are shown in Table 30.
- Example 23-4 A composite current collector and electrodes were produced in the same manner as in Example 23-3, except that OSP-6 was used instead of OSP-13 in the wire bar coater. Details are shown in Table 30.
- Examples 24-1, 24-2 A composite current collector and electrodes were produced in the same manner as in Example 10-2, except that the thin film forming compositions K1 and K2 were used instead of the thin film forming composition A1. Details are shown in Table 31.
- Example 25-1 A composite current collector and electrodes were produced in the same manner as in Example 10-1 except that the thin film layer forming composition L1 was used instead of the thin film forming composition A1. Details are shown in Table 32.
- Example 25-2 A composite current collector and electrodes were produced in the same manner as in Example 25-1 except that OSP-6 was used instead of OSP-13 in the wire bar coater. Details are shown in Table 32.
- the electrode produced in the above example was subjected to a peeling test in the same procedure as the procedure described in [1-4] above, and the adhesion force was calculated. The results are also shown in Tables 30-32.
- Example 26-1 Three secondary batteries for testing were produced in the same manner as in Example 19-1 except that the composite current collectors obtained in Example 23-1 were used as the current collectors.
- Example 26-1 The characteristics of the secondary battery produced in Example 26-1 were evaluated.
- a charge / discharge test was performed under the conditions shown in Table 25 in the order of battery aging and cycle characteristic evaluation using a charge / discharge measuring device. .. The results obtained are shown in Table 33.
- Electrodes were produced in the same manner as in Example 27-1 except that a solid SUS foil (thickness 15 ⁇ m) was used as the composite current collector. Details are shown in Table 34.
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Abstract
Description
1.導電性炭素材料、分散剤、溶媒および側鎖に下記式(P1)で表される部分構造を有するポリマーを含むエネルギー貯蔵デバイス電極用薄膜形成用組成物。
2. 式(P1)で表される部分構造が、下記式(P1-1)~(P1-3)のいずれかで表される1のエネルギー貯蔵デバイス電極用薄膜形成用組成物。
3. 式(P1)で表される部分構造が、下記式(P2-1)~(P2-3)のいずれかで表される2のエネルギー貯蔵デバイス電極用薄膜形成用組成物。
4. 上記ポリマーが、下記式(C1-1)または(C1-2)で表される繰り返し単位を含むポリマーである1のエネルギー貯蔵デバイス電極用薄膜形成用組成物。
5. 上記溶媒が、水および親水性溶媒からなる群より選ばれる1種以上を含む1~4のいずれかのエネルギー貯蔵デバイス電極用薄膜形成用組成物。
6. 上記分散剤が、側鎖にオキサゾリン基を有するポリマーまたはトリアリールアミン系高分岐ポリマーを含む1~5のいずれかのエネルギー貯蔵デバイス電極用薄膜形成用組成物。
7. さらに、架橋剤を含有する1~6のいずれかのエネルギー貯蔵デバイス電極用薄膜形成用組成物。
8. 1~7のいずれかのエネルギー貯蔵デバイス電極用薄膜形成用組成物から得られる薄膜を含むアンダーコート層。
9. 8のアンダーコート層を備えるエネルギー貯蔵デバイスの電極用複合集電体。
10. 9のエネルギー貯蔵デバイスの電極用複合集電体を備えるエネルギー貯蔵デバイス用電極。
11. 10のエネルギー貯蔵デバイス用電極を備えるエネルギー貯蔵デバイス。
12. リチウムイオン電池である11のエネルギー貯蔵デバイス。
一方、得られるオキサゾリンポリマーの水溶性をより高めるという点から、モノマー成分における親水性官能基を有する(メタ)アクリル系モノマーの含有率は、10質量%以上が好ましく、20質量%以上がより好ましく、30質量%以上がより一層好ましい。
また、モノマー成分におけるその他の単量体の含有率は、上述のとおり、得られるオキサゾリンポリマーのCNT分散能に影響を与えない範囲であり、また、その種類によって異なるため一概には決定できないが、好ましくは5~95質量%、より好ましくは10~90質量%の範囲で適宜設定すればよい。
なお、溶液として市販されている場合、そのまま使用しても、目的とする溶媒に置換してから使用してもよい。
なお、ハロゲン原子、炭素数1~5の直鎖または分岐鎖状のアルキル基としては、上記式(3)~(8)で例示した基と同様のものが挙げられる。
なお、R141がフェニル基の場合、後述する酸性基導入法において、ポリマー製造後に酸性基を導入する手法を用いた場合、このフェニル基上に酸性基が導入される場合もある。
また、上記分散剤の添加量は、CNTを溶媒に分散させ得る濃度であれば特に限定さないが、導電性炭素材料100質量部に対して好ましくは5~700質量部、より好ましくは10~500質量部、より一層好ましくは20~300質量部である。
なお、固形分とは、組成物を構成する溶媒以外の成分の総量である。
リチウムイオン含有カルコゲン化合物としては、例えば、LiCoO2、LiMnO2、LiMn2O4、LiMo2O4、LiV3O8、LiNiO2、LixNiyM1-yO2(但し、Mは、Co、Mn、Ti、Cr、V、Al、Sn、Pb、およびZnから選ばれる少なくとも1種以上の金属元素を表し、0.05≦x≦1.10、0.5≦y≦1.0)等が挙げられる。
ポリアニオン系化合物としては、例えば、LiFePO4等が挙げられる。
硫黄化合物としては、例えば、Li2S、ルベアン酸等が挙げられる。
リチウムイオンを吸蔵放出する周期表4~15族の元素から選ばれる少なくとも1種の元素の単体としては、例えば、ケイ素やスズ、アルミニウム、亜鉛、砒素等が挙げられる。
同じく酸化物としては、一酸化ケイ素(SiO)、二酸化ケイ素(SiO2)、スズケイ素酸化物(SnSiO3)、リチウム酸化ビスマス(Li3BiO4)、リチウム酸化亜鉛(Li2ZnO2)、リチウム酸化チタン(Li4Ti5O12)、酸化チタン等が挙げられる。
同じく硫化物としては、リチウム硫化鉄(LixFeS2(0≦x≦3))、リチウム硫化銅(LixCuS(0≦x≦3))等が挙げられる。
同じく窒化物としては、リチウム含有遷移金属窒化物が挙げられ、具体的には、LixMyN(M=Co、Ni、Cu、0≦x≦3、0≦y≦0.5)、リチウム鉄窒化物(Li3FeN4)等が挙げられる。
リチウムイオンを可逆的に吸蔵・放出可能な炭素材料としては、グラファイト、カーボンブラック、コークス、ガラス状炭素、炭素繊維、カーボンナノチューブ、またはこれらの焼結体等が挙げられる。
この炭素質材料としては、活性炭等が挙げられ、例えば、フェノール樹脂を炭化後、賦活処理して得られた活性炭が挙げられる。
また、加熱乾燥する場合の温度も任意であるが、50~400℃程度が好ましく、80~150℃程度がより好ましい。
(1)凍結乾燥機(化合物の乾燥)
東京理化器械(株)製、FDU-2100
(2)プローブ型超音波照射装置
Hielscher Ultrasonics社製、UIP1000
(3)ワイヤーバーコーター(アンダーコート層形成)
(株)エスエムテー製、PM-9050MC
(4)ホモディスパー(電極スラリーの混合)
プライミクス(株)製、T.K.ロボミックス(ホモディスパー2.5型(φ32)付き)
(5)ビーズミル(電極スラリーの混合)
三菱電機(株)製、FREQROL-E500
(6)薄膜旋回型高速ミキサー(電極スラリーの混合)
プライミクス(株)製、フィルミクス40型
(7)自転・公転ミキサー(電極スラリーの脱泡)
(株)シンキー製、あわとり練太郎(ARE-310)
(8)ロールプレス機(電極の圧縮)
有限会社タクミ技研製、SA-602
(9)粘着・皮膜剥離解析装置(密着力測定)
協和界面科学(株)製、VPA-3
(10)超音波溶着機(電極タブの溶接)
日本エマソン(株)製、2000X
(11)卓上型・手動・厚物ガゼット袋用シーラー(ラミセルのシール)
富士インパルス(株)製、T-230K
(12)真空パック機(ラミセルの真空シール)
(株)TOSEI製、V-307G II
(13)充放電測定装置(二次電池評価)
Scribner Associates Inc製、580 battery test system
(14)サイズ排除クロマトグラフィ(SEC)(重量平均分子量の推定)
(株)島津製作所製、高速液体クロマトグラフ Prominence
溶離液:5mM四ホウ酸ナトリウム十水和物(pH9.3)
カラム:東ソー(株)製、TSK gel α6000+東ソー(株)製、TSK gel α4000
カラム温度:40℃
検出器:UV(210nm)
流速:0.5mL/min
サンプル濃度:0.1%(10μL注入)
[合成例1]化合物1の合成
イソバン10((株)クラレ製、Mw:160,000~170,000(カタログ値))2.50gをNMP中、80℃で攪拌し、溶解したことを確認し、40℃まで放冷した。N,N-ジメチル-1,3-プロパンジアミン(東京化成工業(株)製)3.31g(イソバン10の繰り返し単位1モルに対して2モル)とNMP29.80gとの混合物を滴下し、80℃で3時間半攪拌を行いながら反応させた。反応後、40℃まで放冷させ、アンモニア水(28%)(純正化学(株)製、純正一級)1.62gを加え1時間攪拌を行って、ポリマー溶液を得た。2-ブタノン(純正化学(株)製、純正一級):ヘキサン(純正化学(株)製、試薬特級)=3:5(質量比)で再沈殿後、減圧濾過を行った。水に再溶解後、ダイアライシスメンブラン(富士フイルム和光純薬(株)製、サイズ36)で1週間透析を行い、15時間以上の凍結乾燥を経て化合物1を得た。
イソバン10((株)クラレ製、Mw:160,000~170,000(カタログ値))2.50gをNMP中、80℃で攪拌し、溶解したことを確認し、40℃まで放冷した。1-(3-アミノプロピル)イミダゾール(東京化成工業(株)製)4.06g(イソバン10の繰り返し単位1モルに対して2モル)とNMP36.50gとの混合物を滴下し、80℃で3時間半攪拌を行いながら反応させた。反応後、40℃まで放冷させ、アンモニア水(28%)(純正化学(株)製、純正一級)1.62gを加え1時間攪拌を行って、ポリマー溶液を得た。2-ブタノン(純正化学(株)製、純正一級):ヘキサン(純正化学(株)製、試薬特級)=3:5(質量比)で再沈殿後、減圧濾過を行った。水に再溶解後、ダイアライシスメンブラン(富士フイルム和光純薬(株)製、サイズ36)で1週間透析を行い、15時間以上の凍結乾燥を経て化合物2を得た。
イソバン18((株)クラレ製、Mw:300,000~350,000(カタログ値))2.50gをNMP中、80℃で攪拌し、溶解したことを確認し、40℃まで放冷した。N,N-ジメチル-1,3-プロパンジアミン(東京化成工業(株)製)3.31g(イソバン10の繰り返し単位1モルに対して2モル)とNMP29.80gとの混合物を滴下し、80℃で3時間半攪拌を行いながら反応させた。反応後、40℃まで放冷させ、アンモニア水(28%)(純正化学(株)製、純正一級)1.62gを加え1時間攪拌を行って、ポリマー溶液を得た。2-ブタノン(純正化学(株)製、純正一級):ヘキサン(純正化学(株)製、試薬特級)=3:5(質量比)で再沈殿後、減圧濾過を行った。水に再溶解後、ダイアライシスメンブラン(富士フイルム和光純薬(株)製、サイズ36)で1週間透析を行い、15時間以上の凍結乾燥を経て化合物3を得た。
[製造例1]分散液1の調製
導電性炭素材料であるTC-2010(戸田工業(株)製、多層CNT)0.5g(100質量部)と、オキサゾリンポリマーを含む水溶液であるWS-300(日本触媒(株)製、固形分濃度:10.0質量%)5.0g(100質量部)と、純水37.15gと、2-プロパノール(純正化学(株)製、試薬特級)7.35gとを混合した。得られた混合物に対して、プローブ型超音波照射装置を用いて30分超音波処理を行い、均一に導電性炭素材料が分散した分散液1を調製した。
導電性炭素材料であるTC-2010(戸田工業(株)製、多層CNT)0.5g(100質量部)と、オキサゾリンポリマーを含む水溶液であるWS-700(日本触媒(株)製、固形分濃度:25.0質量%)2.0g(100質量部)と、純水40.15gと、2-プロパノール(純正化学(株)製、試薬特級)7.35gとを混合した。得られた混合物に対して、プローブ型超音波照射装置を用いて30分超音波処理を行い、均一に導電性炭素材料が分散した分散液2を調製した。
導電性炭素材料であるFloTube 6121(Jiangsu Cnano Technology Co., Ltd.製、多層CNT)0.5g(100質量部)と、オキサゾリンポリマーを含む水溶液であるWS-300(日本触媒(株)製、固形分濃度:10.0質量%)5.0g(100質量部)と、純水37.15gと、2-プロパノール(純正化学(株)製、試薬特級)7.35gとを混合した。得られた混合物に対して、プローブ型超音波照射装置を用いて30分超音波処理を行い、均一に導電性炭素材料が分散した分散液3を調製した。
導電性炭素材料であるFloTube 6121(Jiangsu Cnano Technology Co., Ltd.製、多層CNT)0.5g(100質量部)と、オキサゾリンポリマーを含む水溶液であるWS-700(日本触媒(株)製、固形分濃度:25.0質量%)2.0g(100質量部)と、純水40.15gと、2-プロパノール(純正化学(株)製、試薬特級)7.35gとを混合した。得られた混合物に対して、プローブ型超音波照射装置を用いて30分超音波処理を行い、均一に導電性炭素材料が分散した分散液4を調製した。
高分岐ポリマー(PTPA)を国際公開第2014/042080号の合成例1の方法に従って合成した。導電性炭素材料であるTC-2010(戸田工業(株)製、多層CNT)0.5g(100質量部)と、PTPA0.5g(100質量部)と、N-メチルピロリドンNMP(純正化学(株)製、試薬特級)39.20gと、ブチルセロソルブ(純正化学(株)製、試薬特級)9.80gとを混合した。得られた混合物に対して、プローブ型超音波照射装置を用いて30分超音波処理を行い、均一に導電性炭素材料が分散した分散液5を調製した。
[実施例1-1]
分散液1に化合物1を50質量部と、純水と、2-プロパノール(純正化学(株)製、試薬特級)とを混合し、固形分濃度を1質量%とした薄膜形成用組成物A1を調製した。この際、最終的な溶媒の混合比は、純水:2-プロパノール=92:8(質量比)とした。薄膜形成用組成物A1は、CNTが均一に分散した黒色のインクだった。
それぞれP1ポリマーの配合量を表1に示したとおりに変更し、固形分濃度を1質量%に調整した以外は、実施例1-1と同様にして薄膜形成用組成物A2~A4を調製した。薄膜形成用組成物A2~A4は、いずれもCNTが均一に分散した黒色のインクだった。
化合物1を100質量部と、架橋剤であるアロンA-30(東亞合成(株)製、固形分濃度:31.6質量%)50質量部と、純水と、2-プロパノール(純正化学(株)製、試薬特級)とを混合し、固形分濃度を1質量%とした薄膜形成用組成物B1を調製した。最終的な溶媒の混合比は、純水:2-プロパノール=92:8(質量比)とした。
アロンA-30の配合量を100質量部に変更し、固形分濃度を1質量%に調整した以外は、実施例2-1と同様にして薄膜形成用組成物B2を調製した。
化合物1を化合物2に変更した以外は、実施例1-4と同様にして薄膜形成用組成物C1を調製した。
化合物1をイソバン110((株)クラレ製)に変更した以外は、実施例1-1と同様にして薄膜形成用組成物a1を調製した。
化合物2をP1ポリマーの比較品であるイソバン110に変えて、それぞれの配合量を表4に示したとおりに変更し、固形分濃度を1質量%に調整した以外は、比較例1-1と同様にして薄膜形成用組成物a2~a4を調製した。
分散液1にアロンA-30を76質量部と、純水と、2-プロパノール(純正化学(株)製、試薬特級)とを混合し、固形分濃度を1質量%とした薄膜形成用組成物b1を調製した。最終的な溶媒の混合比は、純水:2-プロパノール=85:15(質量比)とした。
アロンA-30の配合量を500質量部に変更し、固形分濃度を1質量%に調整した以外は、比較例2-1と同様にして薄膜形成用組成物b2を調製した。最終的な溶媒の混合比は、純水:2-プロパノール=92:8(質量比)とした。
分散液1にアロンA-30を添加せず、純水と、2-プロパノール(純正化学(株)製、試薬特級)とを混合し、固形分濃度を1質量%とした以外は、比較例2-1と同様にして薄膜形成用組成物b3を調製した。最終的な溶媒の混合比は、純水:2-プロパノール=92:8(質量比)とした。
分散液2に化合物1を50質量部と、純水と、2-プロパノール(純正化学(株)製、試薬特級)とを混合し、固形分濃度を1質量%とした薄膜形成用組成物D1を調製した。最終的な溶媒の混合比は、純水:2-プロパノール=92:8(質量比)とした。
それぞれP1ポリマーの配合量を表5に示したとおりに変更し、固形分濃度を1質量%に調整した以外は、実施例4-1と同様にして薄膜形成用組成物D2~D4を調製した。
分散液2にアロンA-30を44質量部と、純水と、2-プロパノール(純正化学(株)製、試薬特級)とを混合し、固形分濃度を1質量%とした薄膜形成用組成物c1を調製した。最終的な溶媒の混合比は、純水:2-プロパノール=85:15(質量比)とした。
アロンA-30の配合量を500質量部に変更し、固形分濃度を1質量%に調整した以外は、比較例2-1と同様にして薄膜形成用組成物c2を調製した。最終的な溶媒の混合比は、純水:2-プロパノール=92:8(質量比)とした。
分散液3に化合物1を100質量部と、純水と、2-プロパノール(純正化学(株)製、試薬特級)とを混合し、固形分濃度を1質量%とした薄膜形成用組成物E1を調製した。最終的な溶媒の混合比は、純水:2-プロパノール=92:8(質量比)とした。
それぞれP1ポリマーの配合量を表7に示したとおりに変更し、固形分濃度を1質量%に調整した以外は、実施例5-1と同様にして薄膜形成用組成物E2およびE3を調製した。
分散液4に化合物1を50質量部と、純水と、2-プロパノール(純正化学(株)製、試薬特級)とを混合し、固形分濃度を1質量%とした薄膜形成用組成物F1を調製した。最終的な溶媒の混合比は、純水:2-プロパノール=92:8(質量比)とした。
それぞれP1ポリマーの配合量を表8に示したとおりに変更し、純水と、2-プロパノール(純正化学(株)製、試薬特級)とを混合し、固形分濃度を1質量%に調整した以外は、実施例6-1と同様にして薄膜形成用組成物F2~F4を調製した。最終的な溶媒の混合比は、純水:2-プロパノール=92:8(質量比)とした。
分散液5に化合物3を100質量部と、NMPと、ブチルセロソルブ(純正化学(株)製、試薬特級)とを混合し、固形分濃度を1質量%とした薄膜形成用組成物G1を調製した。最終的な溶媒の混合比は、NMP:ブチルセロソルブ=80:20(質量比)とした。
分散液5にP1ポリマーを添加せず、NMPと、ブチルセロソルブ(純正化学(株)製、試薬特級)とを混合し、固形分濃度を1質量%に調整した以外は、実施例7-1と同様にして薄膜形成用組成物d1を調製した。最終的な溶媒の混合比は、NMP:ブチルセロソルブ=80:20(質量比)とした。
化合物3をP1ポリマーの比較品であるイソバン18((株)クラレ製)に変更した以外は、実施例7-1と同様にして薄膜形成用組成物d2を調製した。
分散液3に化合物1を50質量部と、純水と、2-プロパノール(純正化学(株)製、試薬特級)とを混合し、固形分濃度を2質量%とした薄膜形成用組成物H1を調製した。
それぞれP1ポリマーの配合量を表10に示したとおりに変更し、純水と、2-プロパノール(純正化学(株)製、試薬特級)とを混合し、固形分濃度を2質量%に調整した以外は、実施例8-1と同様にして薄膜形成用組成物H2~H4を調製した。最終的な溶媒の混合比は、純水:2-プロパノール=92:8(質量比)とした。
分散液4に化合物1を50質量部と、純水と、2-プロパノール(純正化学(株)製、試薬特級)とを混合し、固形分濃度を2質量%とした薄膜形成用組成物I1を調製した。最終的な溶媒の混合比は、純水:2-プロパノール=92:8(質量比)とした。
それぞれP1ポリマーの配合量を表11に示したとおりに変更し、純水と、2-プロパノール(純正化学(株)製、試薬特級)とを混合し、固形分濃度を2質量%に調整した以外は、実施例9-1と同様にして薄膜形成用組成物I2~I4を調製した。最終的な溶媒の混合比は、純水:2-プロパノール=92:8(質量比)とした。
[実施例10-1]
薄膜形成用組成物A1を、集電体である銅箔(厚さ15μm)にワイヤーバーコーターでOSP-13を用いて均一に展開した後、120℃で20分乾燥して薄膜(アンダーコート層)を形成して、複合集電体を作製した。得られた複合集電体は、銅箔の表面が導電性炭素材料により均一に覆われた積層体(想定目付量:100mg/m2)であった。
OSP-13(ウェット膜厚13μm):100mg/m2
OSP-6(ウェット膜厚6μm):50mg/m2
OSP-3(ウェット膜厚3μm):30mg/m2
また、固形分濃度2質量%の薄膜形成用組成物を用いた場合の想定目付量は、以下のとおりである。
OSP-13(ウェット膜厚13μm):200mg/m2
ワイヤーバーコーターでOSP-13の代わりに、OSP-6を用いた以外は、実施例10-1と同様にして、複合集電体および電極を作製した。詳細は表13に示した。
ワイヤーバーコーターでOSP-13の代わりに、OSP-3を用いた以外は、実施例10-1と同様にして、複合集電体および電極を作製した。詳細は表13に示した。
薄膜形成用組成物A1の代わりに、薄膜形成用組成物A2を用いた以外は、実施例10-1と同様にして、複合集電体および電極を作製した。詳細は表13に示した。
ワイヤーバーコーターでOSP-13の代わりに、OSP-6を用いた以外は、実施例10-4と同様にして、複合集電体および電極を作製した。詳細は表13に示した。
ワイヤーバーコーターでOSP-13の代わりに、OSP-3を用いた以外は、実施例10-4と同様にして、複合集電体および電極を作製した。詳細は表13に示した。
薄膜形成用組成物A1の代わりに、それぞれ薄膜形成用組成物A3~A4を用いた以外は、実施例10-1と同様にして、複合集電体および電極を作製した。詳細は表13に示した。
薄膜形成用組成物A1の代わりに、それぞれ薄膜形成用組成物B1、B2を用いた以外は、実施例10-1と同様にして、複合集電体および電極を作製した。詳細は表14に示した。
薄膜形成用組成物C1を、集電体である銅箔(厚さ15μm)にワイヤーバーコーターでOSP-13を用いて均一に展開した後、110℃で20分乾燥して薄膜(アンダーコート層)を形成して、複合集電体を作製した。得られた複合集電体は、銅箔の表面が導電性炭素材料により均一に覆われた積層体(想定目付量:100mg/m2)であった。
次いで、得られた複合集電体のアンダーコート層上に、実施例10-1と同様の手順で電極合材層を形成して電極を作製した。詳細は表15に示した。
薄膜形成用組成物C1の代わりに、それぞれ薄膜形成用組成物a1~a4を用いた以外は、実施例12-1と同様にして、複合集電体および電極を作製した。詳細は表16に示した。
薄膜形成用組成物C1の代わりに、薄膜形成用組成物b1を用いた以外は、実施例12-1と同様にして、複合集電体および電極を作製した。詳細は表17に示した。
ワイヤーバーコーターでOSP-13の代わりに、OSP-6を用いた以外は、比較例6-1と同様にして、複合集電体および電極を作製した。詳細は表17に示した。
薄膜形成用組成物C1の代わりに、薄膜形成用組成物b2を用いた以外は、実施例12-1と同様にして、複合集電体および電極を作製した。詳細は表17に示した。
ワイヤーバーコーターでOSP-13の代わりに、OSP-6を用いた以外は、比較例6-3と同様にして、複合集電体および電極を作製した。詳細は表17に示した。
薄膜形成用組成物C1の代わりに、薄膜形成用組成物b3を用いた以外は、実施例12-1と同様にして、複合集電体および電極を作製した。詳細は表17に示した。
薄膜形成用組成物C1の代わりに、それぞれ薄膜形成用組成物D1~D4を用いた以外は、実施例12-1と同様にして、複合集電体および電極を作製した。詳細は表18に示した。
薄膜形成用組成物C1の代わりに、薄膜形成用組成物c1を用いた以外は、実施例12-1と同様にして、複合集電体および電極を作製した。詳細は表19に示した。
薄膜形成用組成物A1の代わりに、薄膜形成用組成物c2を用いた以外は、実施例10-1と同様にして、複合集電体および電極を作製した。詳細は表19に示した。
ワイヤーバーコーターでOSP-13の代わりに、OSP-6を用いた以外は、比較例7-2と同様にして、複合集電体および電極を作製した。詳細は表19に示した。
薄膜形成用組成物A1の代わりに、それぞれ薄膜形成用組成物E1~E3を用いた以外は、実施例10-1と同様にして、複合集電体および電極を作製した。詳細は表20に示した。
薄膜形成用組成物A1の代わりに、それぞれ薄膜形成用組成物F1~F4を用いた以外は、実施例10-1と同様にして、複合集電体および電極を作製した。詳細は表21に示した。
薄膜形成用組成物A1の代わりに、薄膜形成用組成物G1を用いた以外は、実施例10-1と同様にして、複合集電体および電極を作製した。詳細は表22に示した。
薄膜形成用組成物A1の代わりに、それぞれ薄膜形成用組成物d1~d2を用いた以外は、実施例10-1と同様にして、複合集電体および電極を作製した。詳細は表22に示した。
薄膜形成用組成物A1の代わりに、それぞれ薄膜形成用組成物H1~H4を用いた以外は、実施例10-1と同様にして、複合集電体および電極を作製した。詳細は表23に示した。
薄膜形成用組成物A1の代わりに、それぞれ薄膜形成用組成物I1~I4を用いた以外は、実施例10-1と同様にして、複合集電体および電極を作製した。詳細は表24に示した。
密着力(N/m)=測定値(N)/(サンプル測定幅(mm)×10-3)
[実施例19-1]
活物質として一酸化珪素(SiO、(株)大阪チタニウムテクノロジーズ製)6.92g、黒鉛(CGB-10、日本黒鉛(株)製)16.15g、バインダーとしてポリアクリル酸リチウム(PAALi)7.96g、導電助剤としてアセチレンブラック(AB、デンカ(株)製)1.59gおよびカーボンナノチューブ(VGCF、昭和電工(株)製)1.06g、水26.32gをホモディスパーにて8,000rpmで5分混合した。次いで、薄膜旋回型高速ミキサーを用いて周速20m/秒で60秒の混合処理をし、さらに自転・公転ミキサーに1,000rpmで2分脱泡することで、電極スラリー(固形分濃度44質量%、SiO:CGB-10:PAALi:AB:VGCF=26.1:60.9:3.0:6.0:4.0(質量比))を調製した。得られた電極スラリーを、実施例10-4で得られた複合集電体にアプリケーターを用いて展開後(ウェット膜厚90μm)、80℃で30分、次いで120℃で30分乾燥してアンダーコート層上に電極合材層(ドライ膜厚45μm程度)を形成し、さらにロールプレス機で0.125kN/cmのプレス圧で圧着して電極を作製した。
集電体として、それぞれ実施例10-8、13-4、14-1、14-3または15-2で得られた複合集電体を使用したこと以外は、実施例19-1と同様にして試験用の二次電池を3個作製した
集電体として、比較例7-1で得られた複合集電体を使用したこと以外は、実施例19-1と同様にして試験用の二次電池を3個作製した
[合成例4]化合物4の合成
200mLの四ツ口フラスコにメタクリル酸(純正化学(株)製)4.48g(52.0mmol)と、メタクリル酸ジメチルアミノエチル10.0g(63.6mmol)と、開始剤であるVE-073(富士フイルム和光純薬(株)製)0.012g(0.038mmol)とを、エタノール(純正化学(株)製)82.12gに溶解させた。系内を窒素ガスで置換後、内温80℃に昇温させ、5時間加熱攪拌した。反応液を冷却し、ヘキサン500gに滴下して、生成した沈殿物をろ別した。得られたろ物を再度エタノール100gに分散させ、ヘキサン(純正化学(株)製)500gに滴下した。生成した沈殿物をろ別し、その後、得られたろ物を60℃で6時間減圧乾燥することで白色の化合物4を得た(得量6.53g、得率45.0%)。得られたP1ポリマーのMwは、1.45×105(ポリスチレンスルホン酸ナトリウム換算)であった。
メタクリル酸を2.35g(27.0mmol)、メタクリル酸ジメチルアミノエチルを10.00g(64.0mmol)に変更した以外は、合成例4と同様にして化合物5を合成した。
メタクリル酸を7.67g(89.0mmol)、メタクリル酸ジメチルアミノエチルを6.00g(38.0mmol)に変更した以外は、合成例4と同様にして化合物6を合成した。
[実施例20-1、20-2]
それぞれP1ポリマーの種類および配合量を表27に示したとおりに変更し、固形分濃度を1質量%に調整した以外は、実施例5-1と同様にして薄膜形成用組成物J1およびJ2を調製した。薄膜形成用組成物J1およびJ2は、いずれもCNTが均一に分散した黒色のインクだった。
それぞれP1ポリマーの種類および配合量を表28に示したとおりに変更し、固形分濃度を1質量%に調整した以外は、実施例5-1と同様にして薄膜形成用組成物K1およびK2を調製した。薄膜形成用組成物K1およびK2は、いずれもCNTが均一に分散した黒色のインクだった。
P1ポリマーの種類および配合量を表29に示したとおりに変更し、固形分濃度を1質量%に調整した以外は、実施例5-1と同様にして薄膜形成用組成物L1を調製した。薄膜形成用組成物L1は、CNTが均一に分散した黒色のインクだった。
[実施例23-1]
薄膜形成用組成物A1の代わりに、薄膜形成用組成物J1を用いた以外は、実施例10-1と同様にして、複合集電体および電極を作製した。詳細は表30に示した。
ワイヤーバーコーターでOSP-13の代わりに、OSP-6を用いた以外は、実施例23-1と同様にして、複合集電体および電極を作製した。詳細は表30に示した。
薄膜形成用組成物A1の代わりに、薄膜形成用組成物J2を用いた以外は、実施例10-1と同様にして、複合集電体および電極を作製した。詳細は表30に示した。
ワイヤーバーコーターでOSP-13の代わりに、OSP-6を用いた以外は、実施例23-3と同様にして、複合集電体および電極を作製した。詳細は表30に示した。
薄膜形成用組成物A1の代わりに、それぞれ薄膜形成用組成物K1、K2を用いた以外は、実施例10-2と同様にして、複合集電体および電極を作製した。詳細は表31に示した。
薄膜形成用組成物A1の代わりに、薄膜層形成用組成物L1を用いた以外は、実施例10-1と同様にして、複合集電体および電極を作製した。詳細は表32に示した。
ワイヤーバーコーターでOSP-13の代わりに、OSP-6を用いた以外は、実施例25-1と同様にして、複合集電体および電極を作製した。詳細は表32に示した。
[実施例26-1]
集電体として、それぞれ実施例23-1で得られた複合集電体を使用したこと以外は、実施例19-1と同様にして試験用の二次電池を3個作製した。
[実施例27-1]
薄膜形成用組成物J1を、集電体であるSUS箔(厚さ15μm)にワイヤーバーコーターでOSP-13を用いて均一に展開した後、120℃で20分乾燥して薄膜(アンダーコート層)を形成して、複合集電体を作製した。得られた複合集電体は、SUS箔の表面が導電性炭素材料により均一に覆われた積層体(想定目付量:100mg/m2)であった。
次いで、得られた複合集電体のアンダーコート層上に、実施例10-1と同様の手順で電極合材層を形成して電極を作製した。詳細は表34に示した。
複合集電体として無垢のSUS箔(厚さ15μm)を使用した以外は、実施例27-1と同様にして電極を作製した。詳細は表34に示した。
Claims (12)
- 上記溶媒が、水および親水性溶媒からなる群より選ばれる1種以上を含む請求項1~4のいずれか1項記載のエネルギー貯蔵デバイス電極用薄膜形成用組成物。
- 上記分散剤が、側鎖にオキサゾリン基を有するポリマーまたはトリアリールアミン系高分岐ポリマーを含む請求項1~5のいずれか1項記載のエネルギー貯蔵デバイス電極用薄膜形成用組成物。
- さらに、架橋剤を含有する請求項1~6のいずれか1項記載のエネルギー貯蔵デバイス電極用薄膜形成用組成物。
- 請求項1~7のいずれか1項記載のエネルギー貯蔵デバイス電極用薄膜形成用組成物から得られる薄膜を含むアンダーコート層。
- 請求項8記載のアンダーコート層を備えるエネルギー貯蔵デバイスの電極用複合集電体。
- 請求項9記載のエネルギー貯蔵デバイスの電極用複合集電体を備えるエネルギー貯蔵デバイス用電極。
- 請求項10記載のエネルギー貯蔵デバイス用電極を備えるエネルギー貯蔵デバイス。
- リチウムイオン電池である請求項11記載のエネルギー貯蔵デバイス。
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JP2006351316A (ja) * | 2005-06-15 | 2006-12-28 | Denso Corp | 非水電解液二次電池 |
JP2010116475A (ja) * | 2008-11-12 | 2010-05-27 | Adeka Corp | 新規重合体及び該重合体を用いた非水電解液二次電池 |
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