WO2016199653A1 - 非水系電池電極用バインダー用組成物、非水系電池電極用バインダー、非水系電池電極用組成物、非水系電池電極、及び非水系電池 - Google Patents
非水系電池電極用バインダー用組成物、非水系電池電極用バインダー、非水系電池電極用組成物、非水系電池電極、及び非水系電池 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016199653A1 WO2016199653A1 PCT/JP2016/066295 JP2016066295W WO2016199653A1 WO 2016199653 A1 WO2016199653 A1 WO 2016199653A1 JP 2016066295 W JP2016066295 W JP 2016066295W WO 2016199653 A1 WO2016199653 A1 WO 2016199653A1
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- Prior art keywords
- composition
- binder
- aqueous battery
- ethylenically unsaturated
- group
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- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 119
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 89
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 150000001339 alkali metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 150000001341 alkaline earth metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical group OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 39
- -1 alkali metal salt Chemical class 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000007720 emulsion polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000011883 electrode binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 19
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 18
- 125000002467 phosphate group Chemical group [H]OP(=O)(O[H])O[*] 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004437 phosphorous atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- 125000001033 ether group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
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- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 11
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- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 10
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- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C=C GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
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- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-fluorophenyl)-1h-imidazole Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC(C=2NC=CN=2)=C1 JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylenebutanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
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- IOVBFSRXGQUXIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-hydroxy-2-methylpent-2-enoic acid phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O.OC(=O)C(C)=CCCO.OC(=O)C(C)=CCCO IOVBFSRXGQUXIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910015044 LiB Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001145 Poly(N-vinylacetamide) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002845 Poly(methacrylic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CC(O)=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
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- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000002147 dimethylamino group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])N(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- TVACALAUIQMRDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOP(O)(O)=O TVACALAUIQMRDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 2
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 2
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- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
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- RCMHUQGSSVZPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenoxybenzene;phosphoric acid Chemical class OP(O)(O)=O.C=1C=CC=CC=1OC1=CC=CC=C1 RCMHUQGSSVZPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
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- USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium persulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
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- CWERGRDVMFNCDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N thioglycolic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CS CWERGRDVMFNCDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- IIOTVPOVNMFXGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-chloro-2-phosphonooxypropyl) 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCC(CCl)OP(O)(O)=O IIOTVPOVNMFXGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZXMGHDIOOHOAAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trifluoro-n-(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)methanesulfonamide Chemical compound FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ZXMGHDIOOHOAAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NJMWOUFKYKNWDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Chemical compound CCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 NJMWOUFKYKNWDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- SEILKFZTLVMHRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phosphonooxyethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCOP(O)(O)=O SEILKFZTLVMHRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DKIDEFUBRARXTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-mercaptopropanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCS DKIDEFUBRARXTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- LSDPWZHWYPCBBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanethiol Chemical compound SC LSDPWZHWYPCBBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- DWAQJAXMDSEUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bisulfite Chemical compound [Na+].OS([O-])=O DWAQJAXMDSEUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium peroxydisulfate Substances [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VAZSKTXWXKYQJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium persulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S(=O)OOS([O-])=O VAZSKTXWXKYQJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229940077388 benzenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- ZCWRUICWORZPPT-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium;magnesium;dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2].[Ca+2] ZCWRUICWORZPPT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 150000001733 carboxylic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003093 cationic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000010980 cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001786 chalcogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-NSCUHMNNSA-N crotonic acid Chemical compound C\C=C\C(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-NSCUHMNNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- SWXVUIWOUIDPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N diacetone alcohol Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(C)(C)O SWXVUIWOUIDPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007723 die pressing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000005690 diesters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QHGJSLXSVXVKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dilithium;dioxido(dioxo)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-][Mn]([O-])(=O)=O QHGJSLXSVXVKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010556 emulsion polymerization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- KIJWMNYEVKNAGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl-(2-methoxyethyl)-dimethylazanium Chemical compound CC[N+](C)(C)CCOC KIJWMNYEVKNAGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007429 general method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019447 hydroxyethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001863 hydroxypropyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010977 hydroxypropyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000625 lithium cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)cobalt Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Co]=O BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- RQAKESSLMFZVMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethenylacetamide Chemical compound CC(=O)NC=C RQAKESSLMFZVMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CLNYHERYALISIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N nona-1,3-diene Chemical compound CCCCCC=CC=C CLNYHERYALISIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010450 olivine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052609 olivine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000036314 physical performance Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001197 polyacetylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000003367 polycyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000128 polypyrrole Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002250 progressing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 238000007717 redox polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- XWGJFPHUCFXLBL-UHFFFAOYSA-M rongalite Chemical compound [Na+].OCS([O-])=O XWGJFPHUCFXLBL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000010267 sodium hydrogen sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- KVCGISUBCHHTDD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;4-methylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].CC1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1 KVCGISUBCHHTDD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003440 styrenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- SJMYWORNLPSJQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OC(C)(C)C SJMYWORNLPSJQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CIHOLLKRGTVIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert‐butyl hydroperoxide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OO CIHOLLKRGTVIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-crotonic acid Natural products CC=CC(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
- H01M4/622—Binders being polymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/06—Phosphorus compounds without P—C bonds
- C07F9/08—Esters of oxyacids of phosphorus
- C07F9/09—Esters of phosphoric acids
- C07F9/091—Esters of phosphoric acids with hydroxyalkyl compounds with further substituents on alkyl
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/06—Phosphorus compounds without P—C bonds
- C07F9/08—Esters of oxyacids of phosphorus
- C07F9/09—Esters of phosphoric acids
- C07F9/11—Esters of phosphoric acids with hydroxyalkyl compounds without further substituents on alkyl
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F20/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride, ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F20/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms, Derivatives thereof
- C08F20/10—Esters
- C08F20/26—Esters containing oxygen in addition to the carboxy oxygen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F212/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring
- C08F212/02—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical
- C08F212/04—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical containing one ring
- C08F212/06—Hydrocarbons
- C08F212/08—Styrene
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a non-aqueous battery electrode binder composition used for forming a non-aqueous battery electrode, a non-aqueous battery electrode binder obtained by emulsion polymerization of the electrode binder composition, and a non-aqueous battery electrode.
- the binder further relates to a non-aqueous battery electrode composition containing an electrode active material, a non-aqueous battery electrode formed using the non-aqueous battery electrode composition, and a non-aqueous battery obtained using the non-aqueous battery electrode.
- Non-aqueous batteries are used as power sources for notebook computers, mobile phones, power tools, and electronic / communication devices in terms of miniaturization and weight reduction. Recently, it is also used for electric vehicles and hybrid vehicles from the viewpoint of environmental vehicle application. Among them, there has been a strong demand for higher output, higher capacity, longer life, and the like of non-aqueous batteries.
- a non-aqueous battery is composed of a positive electrode using a metal oxide or the like as an active material, a negative electrode using a carbon material such as graphite as an active material, and an electrolyte solvent mainly composed of carbonates or a flame-retardant ionic liquid.
- the secondary battery is charged and discharged by moving ions between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
- the positive electrode can be obtained by applying a slurry made of a metal oxide and a binder to the surface of a positive electrode current collector such as an aluminum foil, drying it, and then cutting it to an appropriate size.
- the negative electrode is obtained by applying a slurry made of a carbon material and a binder to the surface of a negative electrode current collector such as a copper foil, drying it, and then cutting it to an appropriate size. Accordingly, each binder has a role of binding the active materials and the active material and the current collector, and preventing the active material from peeling from the current collector.
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- NMP organic solvent N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- SBR styrene-butadiene rubber
- CMC carboxymethyl cellulose
- Patent Document 2 Since this SBR dispersion is an aqueous dispersion, it is inexpensive and advantageous from the viewpoint of work environment conservation.
- the binding properties between the active materials and between the active material and the current collector are relatively good, it is possible to produce electrodes with a smaller amount of use than PVDF-based binders, resulting in high output of non-aqueous batteries.
- the binding properties between the active materials and between the active material and the current collector are not necessarily sufficient, and when the electrode is produced with a small amount of binder, the active material is cut in the step of cutting the current collector. There was a problem that a part was peeled off.
- the SBR binder has low elution resistance and swelling resistance with respect to the non-aqueous solvent used in the electrolytic solution, and there is a problem that the non-aqueous battery obtained by using the binder cannot extend its life.
- Patent Document 3 a method using a non-diene polymer mainly composed of styrene and an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid ester as a water-dispersed binder replacing the conventional SBR has been proposed (Patent Document 3). . It is described that when this binder is used, the binding properties between the active materials and between the active material and the current collector are good and the charge / discharge cycle characteristics are improved. There was still room for improvement.
- an acidic group-containing ethylenically unsaturated monomer and use it as a binder for a secondary battery electrode (Patent Documents 4 to 6).
- the acidic group-containing ethylenically unsaturated monomer include a carboxyl group-containing ethylenically unsaturated monomer, a sulfonic acid-containing ethylenically unsaturated monomer, and a phosphoric acid group-containing ethylenically unsaturated monomer. It has been. However, there is still room for improvement in charge / discharge cycle characteristics.
- the present invention solves the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, and is a non-aqueous system excellent in charge / discharge cycle characteristics of a battery based on an aqueous dispersion and excellent in elution resistance and swelling resistance to non-aqueous solvents. It aims at providing the composition for binders for battery electrodes.
- an object is to provide a binder for a non-aqueous battery electrode, a non-aqueous battery electrode, and a non-aqueous battery using the composition for a binder for a non-aqueous battery electrode.
- a nonaqueous battery electrode comprising (A) an ethylenically unsaturated monomer and (B) a surfactant as essential components, and further satisfying any two or more of the following conditions (I) to (III) Composition for binders.
- the ethylenically unsaturated monomer contains (a) a phosphate group-containing ethylenically unsaturated monomer (II)
- the surfactant is (b) a phosphate group-containing interface
- the binder composition for a nonaqueous battery electrode contains (C) at least one neutralizing agent selected from alkali metal compounds and alkaline earth metal compounds.
- the (a) phosphate group-containing ethylenically unsaturated monomer contains at least a compound represented by the following general formula (1) or the following general formula (2), [1] to [3], [5]
- the composition for a binder for nonaqueous battery electrodes according to any one of [6].
- R 1 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- R 2 is a divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms
- the hydrocarbon group is a halogen group or an ether group.
- R 3 is a hydrogen atom or an aliphatic hydrocarbon group or an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or R 3 is ammonium, sodium, lithium, potassium, alcohol amino half salt A cation selected from: (Wherein R 4 and R 7 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and R 5 and R 6 are each independently a divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms) .) [8] The (a) phosphoric acid group-containing ethylenically unsaturated monomer is 0.03 with respect to all the (A) ethylenically unsaturated monomers in the binder composition for non-aqueous battery electrodes.
- the composition for binders for nonaqueous battery electrodes according to any one of [1] to [3] and [5] to [7], which is 15 mol%.
- the phosphoric acid group-containing surfactant (b) contains at least a compound represented by the following general formula (3), and any one of [1] to [2], [4] to [8] The composition for binders for non-aqueous battery electrodes of description.
- R 8 is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms or a group represented by the following formula (4)
- R 9 is a divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 2 or 3 carbon atoms
- R 10 is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms or a group represented by the following formula (5):
- n is an integer from 1 to 10.
- X is an integer from 1 to 5
- the phosphate group-containing surfactant (b) is 1.0 to 60% by mass in the surfactant (B) in the binder composition for non-aqueous battery electrodes, [1] to [3]
- the composition for binders for nonaqueous battery electrodes according to any one of [5] to [9].
- the (C) alkali metal salt and / or alkaline earth metal salt is 0.1 to 100 parts by mass of all ethylenically unsaturated monomers in the binder composition for non-aqueous battery electrodes.
- the binder composition for nonaqueous battery electrodes according to any one of [1] to [4] and [6] to [10], which is 5 parts by mass.
- a non-aqueous battery electrode binder obtained by emulsion polymerization of the binder composition for non-aqueous battery electrodes according to [1] to [11].
- a non-aqueous battery electrode composition further comprising an electrode active material in the non-aqueous battery electrode binder according to [12].
- a nonaqueous battery comprising the nonaqueous battery electrode according to [14].
- a binder composition for a non-aqueous battery electrode which is excellent in charge / discharge cycle characteristics of a battery, based on the excellent dispersion resistance and swelling resistance to a non-aqueous solvent in an aqueous dispersion. Can do.
- the binder composition for a non-aqueous battery electrode includes (A) an ethylenically unsaturated monomer and (B) a surfactant as essential components, and further includes any two or more of the following (I) to (III): Meet the conditions.
- the non-aqueous battery electrode binder composition includes (C) a neutralizing agent comprising an alkali metal compound and / or an alkaline earth metal compound.
- the composition for binders for non-aqueous battery electrodes (hereinafter also referred to as “binder composition”) comprises 100 parts by mass of (A) an ethylenically unsaturated monomer and (B) a surfactant.
- the total amount of (a) phosphoric acid group-containing ethylenically unsaturated monomer and (b) phosphoric acid group-containing surfactant contained in the composition is 0.01 to 3.0 mass. Part.
- the amount of phosphorus atoms is preferably 0.02 to 0.8 parts by mass, more preferably 0.40 to 0.75 parts by mass.
- the total mass part of (A) ethylenically unsaturated monomer and (B) surfactant is When 100 parts by mass, the phosphorus atom derived from any one of (a) a phosphoric acid group-containing ethylenically unsaturated monomer and (b) a phosphoric acid group-containing surfactant contained in the composition is 0. 01 to 3.0 parts by mass.
- the amount of phosphorus atoms is preferably 0.02 to 0.8 parts by mass, more preferably 0.40 to 0.75 parts by mass.
- the composition for binders for non-aqueous battery electrodes satisfy
- the composition for binders for non-aqueous battery electrodes satisfy
- the composition for binders for non-aqueous battery electrodes satisfy
- the composition for binders for nonaqueous battery electrodes satisfies all the conditions (I), (II) and (III).
- the (A) ethylenically unsaturated monomer is (a) a phosphoric acid group-containing ethylenically unsaturated monomer, and ethylenic acid not corresponding to the (a) phosphoric acid group-containing ethylenically unsaturated monomer. Contains at least one unsaturated monomer. However, in the case where the condition (II) is not satisfied, it is essential that the (A) ethylenically unsaturated monomer includes (a) a phosphoric acid group-containing ethylenically unsaturated monomer.
- the (A) ethylenically unsaturated monomer preferably includes (a) a phosphoric acid group-containing ethylenically unsaturated monomer.
- the (a) phosphoric acid group-containing ethylenically unsaturated monomer is a monomer containing an ethylenically unsaturated group and a phosphoric acid group in the molecule, preferably the following general formula (1) or (2) It is preferable that it is a compound represented by these.
- R 1 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- R 2 is a divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms
- the hydrocarbon group has a halogen group or an ether group
- R 3 is a hydrogen atom or an aliphatic hydrocarbon group or aromatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or R 3 is ammonium, sodium, lithium, potassium, alcohol amino half salt Selected cations.
- R 4 and R 7 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- R 5 and R 6 are each independently a divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms
- the (a) phosphoric acid group-containing ethylenically unsaturated monomer is 0.03 to 15.5 with respect to all the (A) ethylenically unsaturated monomers in the non-aqueous battery electrode binder composition.
- the content is preferably 0 mol%, more preferably 0.3 to 8.0 mol%, still more preferably 0.5 to 4.0 mol%.
- the amount used is 0.03 mol% or more, the cycle characteristics are improved, and when it is 15.0 mol% or less, the life characteristics at the charge / discharge cycle are good when the active material has a good adhesion and is made into a battery.
- the phosphoric acid group-containing ethylenically unsaturated monomer (a) include 2-methacryloxyethyl acid phosphate, bis (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) phosphate, acid phosphooxypolyoxyethylene glycol monomethacrylate, and acid.
- 2-methacryloxyethyl acid phosphate bis (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) phosphate
- acid phosphooxypolyoxyethylene glycol monomethacrylate and acid.
- -Phosphooxypolyoxypropylene glycol monomethacrylate 3-chloro-2-acid phosphooxypropyl methacrylate, methacryloyloxyethyl acid phosphate monoethanolamine half salt and the like.
- Particularly preferred are 2-methacryloxyethyl acid phosphate, bis (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) phosphate, and acid phosphooxypolyoxyethylene glycol monomethacrylate.
- the composition for a binder includes (a) a phosphoric acid group-containing ethylenically unsaturated monomer and, at the same time, does not correspond to (a) a phosphoric acid group-containing ethylenically unsaturated monomer. It is also preferable to have a monomer.
- ethylenically unsaturated monomer not corresponding to the phosphoric acid group-containing ethylenically unsaturated monomer include, for example, styrene, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, crotonic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, and itacone.
- (Meth) acrylic acid alkyl esters including acid, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate (2-EHA), 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (2-HEMA), tertiary butyl (meth) acrylate (TBMA), and the like, Sodium paratoluenesulfonate, vinyl pyrrolidone, vinyl acetamide, N-alkyl (meth) acrylamide, N, N-dialkyl (meth) acrylamide, N-hydroxyalkyl (meth) acrylamide having an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, Diacetone (meth) acrylamide and a portion of the portion excluding dimethylamino group Dimethylamino alkyl carbon number of kills groups 1-5 (meth) acrylamide, and (meth) acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid.
- EHA 2-ethylhexyl acrylate
- 2-HEMA 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate
- (meth) acrylic such as styrene, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate (2-EHA), 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (2-HEMA), etc. Acid alkyl esters are preferred.
- the ethylenically unsaturated monomer not corresponding to the phosphoric acid group-containing ethylenically unsaturated monomer is preferably 20% by mass or less, more preferably 10% by mass with respect to the solid content of the synthetic resin emulsion.
- component (A) preferably 85 to 100 mol%, more preferably 92.0 to 99.7 mol%, still more preferably 85 to 99.07 mol%, 96.0 to 99.5. % Is particularly preferred.
- the binder composition contains a conjugated diene such as butadiene or isoprene as a polymerizable monomer, sufficient cycle characteristics cannot be obtained when the amount of binder used is reduced. Therefore, the amount of the conjugated diene polymerizable monomer in the binder composition is preferably 1% or less.
- the ethylenically unsaturated monomer subjected to emulsion polymerization is used to adjust the molecular weight of mercaptan, thioglycolic acid and its ester, ⁇ -mercaptopropionic acid and its ester in order to adjust the molecular weight of the polymer. It may contain an agent.
- the ethylenically unsaturated monomer is preferably 95.0 parts by mass or more and 99.5 parts by mass or less, more preferably 95.5 parts by mass or more, based on 100 parts by mass of the solid content of the synthetic resin emulsion. 99.0 mass parts or less, 96.0 mass parts or more, and 98.5 mass parts or less are more preferable.
- the “synthetic resin emulsion solids” means that, as described above, the non-aqueous battery electrode binder composition includes (A) an ethylenically unsaturated monomer and (B) a surfactant as essential components. Furthermore, since any two or more of the above (I) to (III) are satisfied, according to the conditions, “(A) ethylenically unsaturated monomer and (B) surfactant solids” Or “(A) solid content of neutralizing agent comprising ethylenically unsaturated monomer, (B) surfactant, and (C) alkali metal compound and / or alkaline earth metal compound”. means.
- the binder composition of the present invention is used as a resin, it is preferably emulsion polymerization in an aqueous medium.
- Emulsion polymerization is preferably carried out in an aqueous medium using a radical polymerization initiator.
- a radical polymerization initiator for example, a method in which all the components used for the emulsion polymerization are collectively charged and the emulsion polymerization is performed, a method in which the emulsion polymerization is performed while continuously supplying each component used in the emulsion polymerization, and the like are applied.
- polymerization can be performed by a method of emulsion polymerization while continuously supplying each component used for emulsion polymerization.
- the emulsion polymerization is usually carried out with stirring at a temperature of 30 to 90 ° C.
- surfactant (B) used in the binder composition of the present application examples include anionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, and nonionic surfactants. Anionic surfactants and nonionic surfactants are exemplified. Agents are preferred. Examples of the anionic surfactant include alkyl benzene sulfonate, alkyl sulfate ester salt, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfate ester salt, fatty acid salt and the like.
- nonionic surfactant examples include polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, polyoxyethylene alkyl phenyl ether, polyoxyethylene polycyclic finyl ether, polyoxyalkylene alkyl ether, sorbitan fatty acid ester, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester, and the like.
- the surfactant preferably includes (b) a phosphate group-containing surfactant.
- the (b) phosphate group-containing surfactant preferably contains at least a compound represented by the following general formula (3).
- R 8 is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms or a group represented by the following formula (4)
- R 9 is a divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 2 or 3 carbon atoms
- R 10 is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms or a group represented by the following formula (5):
- n is an integer from 1 to 10.
- (X is an integer from 1 to 5)
- the phosphoric acid group-containing surfactant is a surfactant containing a phosphoric acid group in the molecule among the surfactants, and includes lauryl phosphoric acid, polyoxyethylene lauryl ether phosphate ester (C12-15).
- the styrenated phenyl refers to a phenyl group to which one or more styrenes are added as described below, and the structure of the portion excluding the oxygen atom from here corresponds to the portion of R 10 in the chemical formula (5). To do. (Where n is an integer from 1 to 5)
- the (b) phosphate group-containing surfactant is preferably 1.0 to 60.0% by mass in the (B) surfactant in the binder composition for non-aqueous battery electrodes.
- the content is more preferably 0 to 55.0% by mass, and further preferably 10 to 50.0% by mass.
- the amount of the surfactant used is 1.0% by mass or more, the cycle characteristics of the battery are improved.
- the amount of the surfactant used is 60.0% by mass or less, emulsion polymerization stability and mechanical stability are improved. In the present invention, even if the surfactant has an ethylenically unsaturated bond, it is not included in the ethylenically unsaturated monomer.
- the (b) phosphate group-containing surfactant is preferably 0.1 to 2 parts by mass with respect to (A) the ethylenically unsaturated monomer.
- the amount of the surfactant used is 0.1 parts by mass or more, the cycle characteristics of the battery are improved.
- the amount of the surfactant used is 2 parts by mass or less, emulsion polymerization stability and mechanical stability are improved.
- it is not included in the ethylenically unsaturated monomer of this invention.
- Surfactant may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the surfactant (B) having no phosphoric acid group is not particularly limited, but when surfactants represented by the following general formulas (6) to (9) are used, the stability of the particles Will improve.
- R is an alkyl group
- m is an integer of 10 to 40.
- R is an alkyl group
- M is NH 4 or Na.
- R is an alkyl group.
- the total amount of (B) surfactant used is preferably 0.1 to 3 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of (A) the total amount of ethylenically unsaturated monomers.
- the amount of the surfactant used is 0.1 parts by mass or more, emulsion polymerization is easy and the mechanical stability of the resulting binder is increased. Further, it is preferable to use the surfactant in an amount of 0.1 parts by mass or more because the particle size contained in the water-dispersed emulsion, which is a binder obtained by emulsion polymerization, is small and the particles do not easily precipitate.
- the amount of the surfactant used is 3 parts by mass or less, the adhesion between the active material and the current collector tends to be improved. Even if the surfactant has an ethylenically unsaturated bond as represented by the above formulas (6) to (9) (5) to (8), Not included in unsaturated monomers.
- (C) Neutralizing agent comprising at least one of alkali metal compound and alkaline earth metal compound>
- (C) neutralizing agent As a neutralizing agent comprising at least one of an alkali metal compound and an alkaline earth metal compound (hereinafter also referred to as “(C) neutralizing agent”), lithium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide Calcium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide are preferable, and sodium hydroxide is more preferable.
- the total amount of the (C) neutralizing agent is 0.1 to 5 parts by mass, preferably 0.1 to 5 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total amount of the (A) ethylenically unsaturated monomer.
- the amount is 3 to 4 parts by mass, more preferably 0.5 to 3% by mass.
- (C) By making the usage-amount of a neutralizing agent into 0.5 mass part or more, while emulsion polymerization stability and mechanical stability improve, the binding property between active materials and an active material and an electrical power collector is improved. Will improve. Moreover, the binding property of active materials and an active material and a collector improves by using the usage-amount of (C) neutralizing agent below 3 mass parts.
- the radical polymerization initiator include ammonium persulfate, potassium persulfate, hydrogen peroxide, t-butyl hydroperoxide and the like.
- redox polymerization may be carried out by using a radical polymerization initiator in combination with a reducing agent such as sodium bisulfite, Rongalite, ascorbic acid or the like during emulsion polymerization.
- water is usually used as the aqueous medium.
- a water-based medium added with a hydrophilic solvent may be used.
- the hydrophilic solvent to be added to water include methanol, ethanol, N-methylpyrrolidone and the like.
- Nonaqueous battery electrode binder When a composition for a non-aqueous battery electrode binder is polymerized to prepare a non-aqueous battery electrode binder (hereinafter also referred to as “binder”), emulsion polymerization is preferably performed in an aqueous medium.
- the binder is obtained as a binder dispersion in which a polymer is dispersed in an aqueous medium.
- the non-volatile content of the binder dispersion is preferably 20 to 60% by mass, more preferably 30 to 50% by mass.
- the pH of the binder dispersion is preferably 1.5 to 10, more preferably 4 to 9, and still more preferably 6 to 9.
- the viscosity of the binder dispersion is preferably 1 to 5000 mPa ⁇ s.
- the nonvolatile content of the binder dispersion in the present invention is calculated as a residue after weighing about 1 g of resin in a flat container such as a plate or plate and drying at 105 ° C. for 1 hour. Further, the viscosity of the binder dispersion in the present invention is measured by changing the measurement method depending on whether the viscosity is 500 mPa ⁇ s or more or less than 500 mPa ⁇ s.
- a measurement method of 500 mPa ⁇ s or more is performed, and when the measurement result is less than 500 mPa ⁇ s, the measurement is performed again by changing to the following conditions.
- the viscosity of the binder dispersion is 500 mPa ⁇ s or more
- the liquid temperature is 23 ° C.
- the rotational speed is 10 rpm
- the No. 2 or No. Measurements were taken with 3 rotors.
- the preferred glass transition temperature (Tg) of the binder for a non-aqueous battery electrode of the present invention is ⁇ 55 to 30 ° C., more preferably ⁇ 25 to 25 ° C., and particularly preferably ⁇ 20 to 10 ° C.
- Tg of the binder is within the above range, the binder active material and the binding property between the active material and the current collector are expressed, and the crack of the electrode obtained using the slurry containing the binder and the active material is obtained. It becomes easy to prevent.
- the Tg of the binder is less than ⁇ 55 ° C., the binding properties between the active materials and between the active material and the current collector tend to decrease.
- Tg of a binder exceeds 30 degreeC, it will become easy to generate
- the Tg of the binder can be adjusted by changing the content of styrene contained in the ethylenically unsaturated monomer and the type or amount of the ethylenically unsaturated monomer.
- Nonaqueous battery electrode composition the composition for nonaqueous battery electrodes will be described in detail.
- the composition for a non-aqueous battery electrode may be referred to as “slurry” or “slurry composition”, which means the same thing.
- the slurry of the present invention contains the binder for a non-aqueous battery electrode, an active material, an aqueous medium, and a thickener that is blended as necessary, and is a binder dispersion, an active material, and optional components.
- a thickener is dispersed or dissolved in an aqueous medium.
- the content of the binder contained in the slurry is preferably 0.1 to 1.8 parts by mass as the nonvolatile content of the binder dispersion with respect to 100 parts by mass of the electrode active material, and more preferably 0.3 to 1. 6 parts by weight, most preferably 0.5 to 1.5 parts by weight.
- the amount of non-volatile components used in the binder dispersion is less than 0.1 parts by mass, the binding property between the active material and the current collector is inferior, and the charge / discharge cycle characteristics tend to deteriorate, 1.8 masses.
- the amount exceeds this range the internal resistance of the battery increases, the initial capacity decreases, and the charge / discharge cycle characteristics tend to deteriorate.
- the electrode active material may be any material that can be doped / dedoped with lithium or the like, and when the non-aqueous battery electrode slurry is for forming a negative electrode, for example, a conductive polymer such as polyacetylene or polypyrrole, or coke.
- a conductive polymer such as polyacetylene or polypyrrole, or coke.
- Coke such as petroleum coke, pitch coke and coal coke, carbon black such as polymer charcoal, carbon fiber and acetylene black, graphite such as artificial graphite and natural graphite, lithium titanate, silicon and the like.
- carbon materials that is, coke such as coke, petroleum coke, pitch coke and coal coke, carbon black such as polymer charcoal, carbon fiber and acetylene black, and graphite such as artificial graphite and natural graphite,
- coke such as coke, petroleum coke, pitch coke and coal coke
- carbon black such as polymer charcoal
- graphite such as artificial graphite and natural graphite
- the positive electrode active material is not particularly limited as long as it is a positive electrode active material that can be used for a non-aqueous battery, and lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO 2 ), Ni—Co—Mn based lithium composite oxide, Ni—Mn—Al based lithium composite oxide, Ni—Co—Al based lithium composite oxide, etc.
- lithium cobalt oxide LiCoO 2
- Ni—Co—Mn based lithium composite oxide Ni—Mn—Al based lithium composite oxide
- Ni—Co—Al based lithium composite oxide Ni—Co—Al based lithium composite oxide
- One kind of chalcogen compounds such as lithium lithium manganate (LiMn 2 O 4 ), olivine lithium iron phosphate, TiS 2 , MnO 2 , MoO 3 , V 2 O 5 , or a plurality of kinds thereof are used in combination.
- metal oxides using other alkali metals can also be used.
- the non-volatile content of the non-aqueous battery electrode composition is preferably 30 to 70% by mass, more preferably 40 to 60% by mass.
- the viscosity of the nonaqueous battery electrode composition (slurry) is preferably 500 to 20,000 mPa ⁇ s, and more preferably 5,000 to 20,000 mPa ⁇ s. When the non-volatile content and viscosity of the slurry are within this range, the application property to the current collector plate is good and the productivity of the electrode is excellent.
- the nonvolatile content of the slurry is adjusted by the amount of the aqueous medium (dispersion medium).
- the viscosity of the slurry is adjusted by the amount of the dispersion medium and the thickener.
- water or a hydrophilic solvent is further added in addition to the one derived from the binder dispersion. Examples of the hydrophilic solvent include methanol, ethanol and N-methylpyrrolidone.
- thickeners examples include celluloses such as carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, or ammonium and alkali metal salts thereof, poly (meth) acrylic acid, or ammonium and alkali metal salts thereof, polyvinylacetamide. (PNVA) or NVA-sodium acrylate copolymer, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, and the like.
- a slurry in which an active material is dispersed can be easily prepared, carboxymethyl cellulose and poly (meth) acrylic acid, or ammonium salts and alkali metal salts thereof, and polyvinyl acetamide (PNVA), Alternatively, it is preferable to use an NVA-sodium acrylate copolymer.
- PNVA polyvinyl acetamide
- the addition amount of the thickener contained in the slurry is preferably 0.5 to 1.5 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the active material.
- a known method can be used as a method for preparing the slurry, and is not particularly limited.
- a binder dispersion, an active material, a thickener contained as necessary, and an aqueous medium (dispersion medium) can be mixed using a mixing device such as a stirring type, a rotary type, or a shaking type.
- the pH of the slurry is preferably 2 to 10, more preferably 4 to 9, and still more preferably 6 to 9.
- the electrode (non-aqueous battery electrode) of the present invention is preferably formed using the above slurry.
- the electrode can be manufactured by applying a slurry on a current collector, drying it to form an active material layer, and then cutting it into a suitable size.
- Examples of the current collector used for the electrode include metallic materials such as iron, copper, aluminum, nickel, and stainless steel, and are not particularly limited. Also, the shape of the current collector is not particularly limited, but a sheet having a thickness of 0.001 to 0.5 mm is usually used.
- a general application method can be used, and it is not particularly limited. Examples thereof include a reverse roll method, a direct roll method, a doctor blade method, a knife method, an extrusion method, a curtain method, a gravure method, a bar method, a dip method, and a squeeze method.
- the doctor blade method which is suitable for various physical properties such as the viscosity of the slurry used for the electrode of the nonaqueous battery and the drying property, and that it is possible to obtain a coating film having a good surface state. It is preferable to use a knife method or an extrusion method.
- the slurry may be applied only to one side of the current collector, or may be applied to both sides. When the slurry is applied to both sides of the current collector, it may be applied sequentially on one side or on both sides simultaneously. The slurry may be applied continuously to the surface of the current collector or may be applied intermittently. The thickness, length and width of the coating film formed by applying the slurry can be appropriately determined according to the size of the battery.
- the method for forming the active material layer by drying the coating film formed by applying the slurry is not particularly limited, and a known method can be used.
- a drying method hot air, vacuum, (far) infrared, electron beam, and low temperature air can be used alone or in combination.
- the temperature for drying the coating film is usually in the range of 40 to 180 ° C., and the drying time is usually 1 to 30 minutes.
- the current collector on which the active material layer is formed is cut to have an appropriate size and shape as an electrode.
- the method for cutting the current collector on which the active material layer is formed is not particularly limited, and for example, a slit, laser, wire cut, cutter, Thomson, or the like can be used.
- the current collector on which the active material layer is formed Before or after cutting the current collector on which the active material layer is formed, it may be pressed as necessary, thereby reducing the slip of the active material and further reducing the thickness of the electrode, thereby reducing the thickness of the nonaqueous battery. Compactness is possible.
- a pressing method a general method can be used, and it is particularly preferable to use a die pressing method or a roll pressing method.
- the pressing pressure is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.5 to 5 t / cm 2 , which is a range that does not affect the doping / undoping of lithium ions or the like to the active material by pressing.
- the electrolytic solution a non-aqueous solution having high ionic conductivity can be used.
- the solution include an organic solvent in which an electrolyte is dissolved, an ionic liquid, acetonitrile, and the like.
- the battery (non-aqueous battery) of the present invention includes the above electrode.
- the battery comprises a positive electrode, a negative electrode, an electrolytic solution, and components such as a separator that are installed as required, housed in an exterior body, and the electrode of the present invention is applied to one or both of the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
- the electrode of the present invention is applied to one or both of the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
- Examples of the shape of the electrode include a laminated body and a wound body, and are not particularly limited.
- a known alkali metal salt can be used, and can be appropriately selected according to the type of the active material.
- the electrolyte for example, LiClO 4, LiBF 6, LiPF 6, LiCF 3 SO 3, LiCF 3 CO 2, LiAsF 6, LiSbF 6, LiB 10 Cl 10, LiAlCl 4, LiCl, LiBr, LiB (C 2 H 5) 4 , CF 3 SO 3 Li, CH 3 SO 3 Li, LiCF 3 SO 3 , LiC 4 F 9 SO 3 , Li (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 N, aliphatic lithium carboxylate, and the like.
- the salt using another alkali metal can also be used.
- organic solvent or ionic liquid for dissolving the electrolyte known ones can be used, and are not particularly limited.
- the organic solvent include ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), and diethyl carbonate (DEC). ), Methyl ethyl carbonate (MEC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and the like, and as an ionic liquid, the anion is N, N-bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide, fluorosulfonylimide, and the cation is 1- Ethyl-3methylimidazolium, N, N- dimethyl-N-ethyl-N-methoxyethylammonium and the like can be used. These electrolytic solutions may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the exterior body a metal exterior body or an aluminum laminate exterior body can be used as appropriate.
- the shape of the battery may be any shape such as a coin shape, a button shape, a sheet shape, a cylindrical shape, a square shape, and a flat shape.
- the battery of this embodiment can be manufactured using a known manufacturing method.
- the method for calculating the theoretical Tg of the binder in the examples and the method for measuring the nonvolatile content of the binder dispersion are as described above, but are also described below.
- the physical properties and performance evaluation tests of the binders used in Examples and Comparative Examples and the batteries obtained using these binders were performed by the following methods. (Non-volatile content) About 1 g of resin was weighed on an aluminum dish having a diameter of 5 cm, dried at 105 ° C. for 1 hour, and the remainder was weighed.
- the viscosity of the binder dispersion is measured by changing the measurement method depending on whether the viscosity is 500 mPa ⁇ s or more or less than 500 mPa ⁇ s. First, a measurement method of 500 mPa ⁇ s or more is performed, and when the measurement result is less than 500 mPa ⁇ s, the measurement is performed again by changing to the following conditions.
- the viscosity of the binder dispersion is 500 mPa ⁇ s or more
- the liquid temperature is 23 ° C.
- the rotational speed is 10 rpm
- No. 2 or No. Measurements were taken with 3 rotors.
- an emulsion comprising a surfactant, a monomer mixture, and water prepared in advance and a polymerization initiator were dropped into a separable flask at 80 ° C. over 3 hours, and emulsion polymerization was performed.
- the surfactant dropped into the separable flask 10.0% by weight of 40% “Eleminol JS-20” (manufactured by Sanyo Chemical Industries, Ltd .; anionic surfactant, sodium alkylallylsulfosuccinate) "Hitenol 08E” (Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd .; polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfate ester salt) 2.0 parts by mass was used.
- styrene styrene
- 2-EHA 2-ethylhexyl acrylate
- TBMA tertiary butyl methacrylate
- parastyrene From 2.0 parts by weight of sodium sulfonate (NASS), 12.0 parts by weight of acrylic acid (Aa), 10 parts by weight of itaconic acid (IA) and 10.0 parts by weight of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (2-HEMA)
- Aa acrylic acid
- IA itaconic acid
- 2-HEMA 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate
- the above-mentioned polymerization initiator used what melt
- KPS potassium persulfate
- the whole composition was added dropwise, then aged at 80 ° C. for 2 hours with stirring, then cooled, and 37.5 parts by mass of 10% ammonia water (NH 3 ) and diluting water 265 were placed in a separable flask. By adding 0.0 part by mass, a nonaqueous battery electrode binder A containing polymer a was obtained.
- the obtained polymer a had a Tg of ⁇ 2 ° C.
- the non-aqueous battery electrode binder A had a non-volatile content of 40.0%, a viscosity of 1500 mPa ⁇ s, and a pH of 7.3.
- the amount of each component added is shown in Table 4, and the evaluation results are shown in Table 6. In Table 4, all are expressed in parts by mass of the net amount (net).
- Binder compositions B to Z were prepared in the same manner as in the nonaqueous battery electrode binder A, except that the components were changed as shown in Table 4 or Table 5. The amount of each component added is shown in Table 4 or 5, and the evaluation results are shown in Table 6.
- each component in the nonaqueous battery electrode binder is shown below.
- C As a neutralizing agent comprising an alkali metal compound and / or an alkaline earth metal compound, the following was used.
- NaOH 10% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution
- Phosphoric acid group-containing ethylenically unsaturated monomer and (b) phosphoric acid group-containing surfactant were used as follows.
- Haitenol 08E has the following structure.
- Graphite Showa Denko Co., Ltd., SCMG-BR
- carboxymethylcellulose-sodium salt trade name, manufactured by Nippon Paper Chemical Co., Ltd.
- Sunrose MAC500LC 1 part by mass of Sunrose MAC500LC
- the above non-aqueous battery electrode binder A is added so that the non-volatile content is 1.5 parts, and is added to the total of 105.0 parts by mass of graphite, carboxymethylcellulose-sodium salt and binder dispersion first. Additional water was added so that the total amount of water was 104.5 parts by mass, and the mixture was further mixed at 60 rpm for 20 minutes to prepare a negative electrode slurry.
- the obtained slurry for negative electrode was applied to one side of a 18 ⁇ m thick copper foil serving as a current collector using a doctor blade so that the applied amount after drying was 7 mg / cm 2 and heated at 60 ° C. for 10 minutes. After drying, it was further dried at 120 ° C. for 10 minutes to form an active material layer. Then, the negative electrode was obtained through the press process by the press pressure of 4 t / cm ⁇ 2 > using the metal mold press.
- a lithium ion secondary battery was manufactured as follows using the above negative electrode.
- the positive electrode combined with the negative electrode one produced by the following procedure was used.
- the obtained positive electrode slurry was applied onto a 20 ⁇ m thick aluminum foil as a current collector by a doctor blade method so that the thickness after roll press treatment was 100 ⁇ m, and dried at 120 ° C. for 5 minutes. Then, the positive electrode was obtained through the press process.
- the electrolyte solution used for a lithium ion secondary battery is mixed in a mixed solvent obtained by mixing ethylene carbonate (EC) and diethyl carbonate (EMC) at a volume ratio of 40:60, and LiPF 6 has a concentration of 1.0 mol / L. It was dissolved and adjusted as follows.
- the obtained positive and negative electrodes are provided with conductive tabs, and a separator made of a polyolefin-based porous film is interposed between the positive and negative electrodes, so that the active materials of the positive and negative electrodes face each other.
- Battery pack An electrolyte solution was poured into the outer package and packed with a vacuum heat sealer to obtain a laminated battery. The battery thus obtained was measured for charge / discharge cycle characteristics. Table 7 shows the evaluation results regarding the negative electrode and the lithium ion secondary battery.
- the binder composition for non-aqueous battery electrodes of the present invention exhibits excellent cycle characteristics in a charge / discharge cycle test at 100 cycles, in addition to power sources for notebook computers, mobile phones, electric tools, electronic / communication equipment, It is suitable as a power source for automobiles and hybrid cars.
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Abstract
Description
(I)(A)エチレン性不飽和単量体が、(a)リン酸基含有エチレン性不飽和単量体を含む
(II)(B)界面活性剤が、(b)リン酸基含有界面活性剤を含む
(III)前記非水系電池電極用バインダー用組成物が、(C)アルカリ金属化合物およびアルカリ土類金属化合物から選ばれる少なくとも一種の中和剤を含む
〔2〕 (A)エチレン性不飽和単量体及び(B)界面活性剤の総質量部を100質量部としたとき、組成物中に含まれる(a)リン酸基含有エチレン性不飽和単量体および(b)リン酸基含有界面活性剤由来のリン原子の合計量が0.01~3.0質量部である、〔1〕に記載の非水系電池電極用バインダー用組成物。
〔3〕 前記(I)及び(III)の条件を満たす、〔1〕又は〔2〕に記載の非水系電池電極用バインダー用組成物。
〔4〕 前記(II)及び(III)の条件を満たす、〔1〕又は〔2〕に記載の非水系電池電極用バインダー用組成物。
〔5〕 前記(I)及び(II)の条件を満たす、〔1〕又は〔2〕に記載の非水系電池電極用バインダー用組成物。
〔6〕 前記(I)、(II)及び(III)の全ての条件を満たす、〔1〕又は〔2〕に記載の非水系電池電極用バインダー用組成物。
〔7〕 前記(a)リン酸基含有エチレン性不飽和単量体が、下記一般式(1)または下記一般式(2)で示される化合物を少なくとも含有する、〔1〕~〔3〕、〔5〕、〔6〕のいずれかに記載の非水系電池電極用バインダー用組成物。
(式中、R1は水素原子またはメチル基であり、R2は1~30個の炭素原子を有する2価の脂肪族炭化水素基であり、当該炭化水素基は、ハロゲン基またはエーテル基を有していてもよい。R3は水素原子または1~10個の炭素原子を有する脂肪族炭化水素基または芳香族炭化水素基、またはR3はアンモニウム、ナトリウム、リチウム、カリウム、アルコールアミノハーフ塩から選択されるカチオンである。)
(式中、R4およびR7はそれぞれ独立して、水素原子またはメチル基であり、R5およびR6はそれぞれ独立して、炭素数1~30の2価の脂肪族炭化水素基である。)
〔8〕 前記(a)リン酸基含有エチレン性不飽和単量体が、前記非水系電池電極用バインダー用組成物中における全ての(A)エチレン性不飽和単量体に対して0.03~15モル%である、〔1〕~〔3〕、〔5〕~〔7〕のいずれかに記載の非水系電池電極用バインダー用組成物。
〔9〕 前記(b)リン酸基含有界面活性剤が、下記一般式(3)で示される化合物を少なくとも含有する、〔1〕~〔2〕、〔4〕~〔8〕のいずれかに記載の非水系電池電極用バインダー用組成物。
(式中、R8は炭素数6~18の脂肪族炭化水素基、または、下記式(4)で表される基である)
(式中、R9は炭素数2または3の2価の脂肪族炭化水素基であり、R10は炭素数6~18の脂肪族炭化水素基または、下記式(5)で表される基であり、nは1~10の整数である。)
(xは1~5の整数である)
〔10〕 前記(b)リン酸基含有界面活性剤が、前記非水系電池電極用バインダー用組成物中における(B)界面活性剤中に1.0~60質量%である、〔1〕~〔3〕、〔5〕~〔9〕のいずれかに記載の非水系電池電極用バインダー用組成物。
〔11〕 前記(C)アルカリ金属塩および/またはアルカリ土類金属塩が、前記非水系電池電極用バインダー用組成物中における全てのエチレン性不飽和単量体100質量部に対して0.1~5質量部である、〔1〕~〔4〕、〔6〕~〔10〕のいずれかに記載の非水系電池電極用バインダー用組成物。
〔12〕 〔1〕~〔11〕に記載の非水系電池電極用バインダー用組成物を乳化重合してなる非水系電池電極用バインダー。
〔13〕 〔12〕に記載の非水系電池電極用バインダーに、さらに電極活物質を含む、非水系電池電極用組成物。
〔14〕 〔13〕に記載の非水系電池電極用組成物を用いて形成された非水系電池電極。
〔15〕 〔14〕に記載の非水系電池電極を備える非水系電池。
<非水系電池電極用バインダー用組成物>
非水系電池電極用バインダー用組成物は、(A)エチレン性不飽和単量体、(B)界面活性剤を必須成分として含み、さらに下記(I)~(III)のいずれか2つ以上の条件を満たす。
(I)(A)エチレン性不飽和単量体が、(a)リン酸基含有エチレン性不飽和単量体を含む
(II)(B)界面活性剤が、(b)リン酸基含有界面活性剤を含む
(III)前記非水系電池電極用バインダー用組成物が、(C)アルカリ金属化合物および/またはアルカリ土類金属化合物から成る中和剤を含む
一方、(III)の条件を満たし、かつ、(I)又は(II)のいずれかの条件を満たす場合、(A)エチレン性不飽和単量体及び(B)界面活性剤の総質量部を100質量部としたとき、組成物中に含まれる(a)リン酸基含有エチレン性不飽和単量体および(b)リン酸基含有界面活性剤のいずれか一方に由来するリン原子が0.01~3.0質量部である。リン原子の量は、好ましくは0.02~0.8質量部、さらに好ましくは0.40~0.75質量部である。
また、非水系電池電極用バインダー用組成物は、二次電池の充放電のサイクル特性の観点から、前記(II)及び(III)の条件を満たすことが好ましい。
また、非水系電池電極用バインダー用組成物は、二次電池の充放電のサイクル特性の観点から、前記(I)及び(II)の条件を満たすことが好ましい。
さらに、非水系電池電極用バインダー用組成物は、前記(I)、(II)及び(III)の全ての条件を満たすことが好ましい。
前記(A)エチレン性不飽和単量体は、(a)リン酸基含有エチレン性不飽和単量体、及び、前記(a)リン酸基含有エチレン性不飽和単量体に該当しないエチレン性不飽和単量体の少なくとも1種を含む。
但し、前記(II)の条件を満たさない場合、(A)エチレン性不飽和単量体は、(a)リン酸基含有エチレン性不飽和単量体を含むことが必須条件である。
また、前記(I)及び(III)の条件を満たす場合も、(A)エチレン性不飽和単量体は、(a)リン酸基含有エチレン性不飽和単量体を含むことが必須条件である。
非水系電池電極用バインダー用組成物に、リン原子が含まれることにより、電池にしたときにサイクル特性が向上し、電池の充放電サイクル時の寿命特性が向上する。
前記(A)エチレン性不飽和単量体は、(a)リン酸基含有エチレン性不飽和単量体を含むことが好ましい。(a)リン酸基含有エチレン性不飽和単量体は、分子内にエチレン性不飽和基と、リン酸基を含有する単量体であり、好ましくは下記一般式(1)もしくは(2)に表される化合物であることが好ましい。
(式中、R1は水素原子またはメチル基であり、R2は1~30個の炭素原子を有する2価の脂肪族炭化水素基であり、炭化水素基は、ハロゲン基またはエーテル基を有していてもよい。R3は水素原子または1~10個の炭素原子を有する脂肪族炭化水素基または芳香族炭化水素基、またはR3はアンモニウム、ナトリウム、リチウム、カリウム、アルコールアミノハーフ塩から選択されるカチオンである。)
(式中、R4およびR7はそれぞれ独立して、水素原子またはメチル基であり、R5およびR6はそれぞれ独立して、炭素数1~30の2価の脂肪族炭化水素基である。)
前記(a)リン酸基含有エチレン性不飽和単量体が、前記非水系電池電極用バインダー用組成物中における全ての(A)エチレン性不飽和単量体に対して0.03~15.0モル%であることが好ましく、0.3~8.0モル%であることがより好ましく、0.5~4.0モル%であることがさらに好ましい。その使用量が0.03モル%以上であるとサイクル特性が向上し、15.0モル%以下であると活物質の密着力がよく電池にしたときに充放電サイクル時の寿命特性がよい。
バインダー用組成物は、(a)リン酸基含有エチレン性不飽和単量体を含むと同時に、(a)リン酸基含有エチレン性不飽和単量体に該当しない(A)エチレン性不飽和単量体も有することが好ましい。(a)リン酸基含有エチレン性不飽和単量体に該当しないエチレン性不飽和単量体の具体例としては、たとえば、スチレン、アクリル酸、メタクリル酸、クロトン酸、マレイン酸、フマル酸、イタコン酸、アクリル酸2-エチルへキシル(2-EHA)、メタアクリル酸2-ヒドロキシエチル(2-HEMA)、(メタ)アクリル酸ターシャルブチル(TBMA)などを含む(メタ)アクリル酸アルキルエステル、パラトルエンスルホン酸ソーダ、ビニルピロリドン、ビニルアセトアミド、N-アルキル(メタ)アクリルアミド、N,N-ジアルキル(メタ)アクリルアミド、アルキル基の炭素数が1~3であるN‐ヒドロキシアルキル(メタ)アクリルアミド、ダイアセトン(メタ)アクリルアミド、及びジメチルアミノ基を除く部分のアルキル基の炭素数が1~5であるジメチルアミノアルキル(メタ)アクリルアミド、(メタ)アクリルアミド-2-メチルプロパンスルホン酸などを挙げられる。中でも入手容易性の点から、スチレン、アクリル酸、メタクリル酸、イタコン酸、アクリル酸2-エチルへキシル(2-EHA)、メタアクリル酸2-ヒドロキシエチル(2-HEMA)などの(メタ)アクリル酸アルキルエステルが好ましい。(a)リン酸基含有エチレン性不飽和単量体に該当しないエチレン性不飽和単量体は、合成樹脂エマルジョン固形分に対して、好ましくは20質量%以下であり、より好ましくは10質量%以下であり、(A)成分中においては好ましくは85~100モル%、より好ましくは92.0~99.7モル%、さらに好ましくは85~99.07モル%、96.0~99.5%が特に好ましい。
合成樹脂エマルジョン固形分100質量部に対して、(A)エチレン性不飽和単量体が、好ましくは95.0質量部以上、99.5質量部以下、より好ましくは95.5質量部以上、99.0質量部以下、96.0質量部以上、98.5質量部以下がさらに好ましい。
ここで、「合成樹脂エマルジョン固形分」は、上述したように、非水系電池電極用バインダー用組成物が、(A)エチレン性不飽和単量体、(B)界面活性剤を必須成分として含み、さらに上記(I)~(III)のいずれか2つ以上の条件を満たすことから、条件に応じて、「(A)エチレン性不飽和単量体、及び(B)界面活性剤の固形分」、又は「(A)エチレン性不飽和単量体、(B)界面活性剤、及び(C)アルカリ金属化合物および/またはアルカリ土類金属化合物から成る中和剤の固形分」のいずれかを意味する。
本願のバインダー用組成物に用いられる(B)界面活性剤としては、アニオン性界面活性剤、カチオン性界面活性剤、ノニオン性界面活性剤が挙げられるが、アニオン性界面活性剤、ノニオン性界面活性剤が好ましい。アニオン性界面活性剤としては、例えば、アルキルベンゼンスルホン酸塩、アルキル硫酸エステル塩、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルエーテル硫酸エステル塩、脂肪酸塩等が挙げられる。ノニオン界面活性剤としては、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルエーテル、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルフェニルエーテル、ポリオキシエチレン多環フィニルエーテル、ポリオキシアルキレンアルキルエーテル、ソルビタン脂肪酸エステル、ポリオキシエチレンソルビタン脂肪酸エステル等が挙げられる。
前記(b)前記リン酸基含有界面活性剤は、下記一般式(3)で示される化合物を少なくとも含有することが好ましい。
(式中、R8は炭素数6~18の脂肪族炭化水素基、または、下記式(4)で表される基である)
(式中、R9は炭素数2または3の、2価の脂肪族炭化水素基であり、R10は炭素数6~18の脂肪族炭化水素基または下記式(5)で表される基であり、nは1~10の整数である。)
(xは1~5の整数である)
(式中、nは1~5の整数である)
(C)アルカリ金属化合物およびアルカリ土類金属化合物の少なくとも一種から成る中和剤(以下「(C)中和剤」ともいう)としては水酸化リチウム、水酸化カリウム、水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化マグネシウム、水酸化カルシウムが挙げられ、水酸化カリウム、水酸化ナトリウムが好ましく、水酸化ナトリウムがより好ましい。
乳化重合の際に用いられるラジカル重合開始剤としては、特に限定されるものではなく、公知のものを用いることができる。ラジカル重合開始剤として、例えば、過硫酸アンモニウム、過硫酸カリウム、過酸化水素、t-ブチルハイドロパーオキサイド等が挙げられる。また、必要に応じて、乳化重合の際にラジカル重合開始剤と、重亜硫酸ナトリウム、ロンガリット、アスコルビン酸等の還元剤とを併用して、レドックス重合してもよい。
非水系電池電極用バインダー用組成物を重合し非水系電池電極用バインダー(以下「バインダー」ともいう)を調製する際には、水性媒質中で乳化重合することが好ましい。その場合、バインダーは水性媒質中にポリマーが分散したバインダー分散液として得られる。バインダー分散液の不揮発分は、好ましくは20~60質量%、より好ましくは30~50質量%である。バインダー分散液のpHは、1.5~10であることが好ましく、4~9であることがより好ましく、6~9であることがさらに好ましい。バインダー分散液の粘度は、1~5000mPa・sであることが好ましい。本発明におけるバインダー分散液の不揮発分は、皿またはプレートなど平板状の容器に、樹脂を約1g秤量し、105℃で1時間乾燥させた後の残分として算出する。また、本発明におけるバインダー分散液の粘度は、その粘度が500mPa・s以上、又は、500mPa・s未満のいずれになるかに応じて、測定方法を変えて測定する。まず、500mPa・s以上の測定方法を行い、測定結果が500mPa・s未満であった場合は、再度、以下に示す条件に変更して測定を行う。バインダー分散液の粘度が500mPa・s以上になる場合は、ブルックフィールド型回転粘度計を用いて、液温23℃、回転数10rpm、No.2またはNo.3ローターにて測定した。一方、バインダー分散液の粘度が500mPa・s未満になる場合は、ブルックフィールド型回転粘度計を用いて、液温23℃、回転数60rpm、No.2ローターにて測定した(例えば、後述する比較例4及び実施例2の場合)。
1/Tg=Σ(Xi/Tgi) ‥(I)
次に、非水系電池電極用組成物について詳述する。本明細書においては、非水系電池電極用組成物を「スラリー」または「スラリー組成物」と表記している場合があるが、いずれも同一のものを意味している。本発明のスラリーは、上記の非水系電池電極用バインダーと活物質と水性媒質と、必要に応じて配合される増粘剤とを含むものであり、バインダー分散液と活物質と任意成分である増粘剤を、水性媒質に分散または溶解させたものである。
本発明の電極(非水系電池用電極)は、上記のスラリーを用いて形成されたものであることがよい。例えば、電極は、スラリーを集電体上に塗布し、乾燥させて活物質層を形成した後、適当な大きさに切断することにより製造できる。
本発明の電池(非水系電池)は、上記の電極を含むものである。電池は、正極と、負極と、電解液と、必要に応じて設置されるセパレータ等の部品が外装体に収容されたものであり、正極と負極のうちの一方または両方に本発明の電極を用いることができる。電極の形状としては、積層体や捲回体が挙げられ、特に限定されない。
(不揮発分)
直径5cmのアルミ皿に樹脂を約1g秤量し、105℃で1時間乾燥させ、残分を秤量することで算出した。
(粘度)
上述したように、バインダー分散液の粘度は、その粘度が500mPa・s以上、又は、500mPa・s未満のいずれになるかに応じて、測定方法を変えて測定する。まず、500mPa・s以上の測定方法を行い、測定結果が500mPa・s未満であった場合は、再度、以下に示す条件に変更して測定を行う。バインダー分散液の粘度が500mPa・s以上になる場合は、ブルックフィールド型回転粘度計を用いて、液温23℃、回転数10rpm、No.2またはNo.3ローターにて測定した。一方、バインダー分散液の粘度が500mPa・s未満になる場合は、ブルックフィールド型回転粘度計を用いて、液温23℃、回転数60rpm、No.2ローターにて測定した(例えば、後述する比較例4及び実施例2の場合)。
(ガラス転移温度(Tg))
上述した理論Tgの算出方法により求めた。
(非水系電池電極バインダーAの調製)
冷却管、温度計、攪拌機、滴下ロートを有するセパラブルフラスコに、水175.0質量部、及びアニオン性界面活性剤として40%品の「エレミノールJS-20」(三洋化成工業株式会社製;アニオン性界面活性剤、アルキルアリルスルホコハク酸ナトリウム;前記一般式(8)の構造式からなる化合物であって、MがNaである)2.5質量部を仕込み、75℃に昇温した。その後、攪拌しながら、予め用意した界面活性剤、単量体混合物、及び水からなる乳化物と、重合開始剤とを80℃で3時間かけてセパラブルフラスコに滴下し、乳化重合した。セパラブルフラスコに滴下した界面活性剤としては、40%品の「エレミノールJS-20」(三洋化成工業株式会社製;アニオン性界面活性剤、アルキルアリルスルホコハク酸ナトリウム)を10.0質量部と「ハイテノール08E」(第一工業製薬株式会社製;ポリオキシエチレンアルキルエーテル硫酸エステル塩)2.0質量部とからなるものを用いた。単量体混合物としては、スチレン(SM)250.5質量部とアクリル酸2-エチルヘキシル(2-EHA)224.4質量部とメタクリル酸ターシャルブチル(TBMA)を5.0質量部とパラスチレンスルホン酸ナトリウム(NASS)2.0質量部とアクリル酸(Aa)12.0質量部とイタコン酸(IA)10質量部とメタクリル酸2-ヒドロキシエチル(2-HEMA)10.0質量部とからなる単量体混合物と、水250.0質量部を混合して乳化したものを用いた。なお、上述の重合開始剤は、過硫酸カリウム(KPS)2.0質量部を水50.0質量部に溶解したものを用いた。また、乳化重合は、全組成物を滴下後、攪拌しながら80℃で2時間熟成してから、冷却し、セパラブルフラスコに10%アンモニア水(NH3)37.5質量部と希釈水265.0質量部を添加することによって、ポリマーaを含む非水系電池電極バインダーAを得た。得られたポリマーaのTgは-2℃であり、非水系電池電極バインダーAの不揮発分は40.0%、粘度は1500mPa・s、pHは7.3であった。各成分の添加量を表4に示し、評価結果を表6に示す。なお、表4では、すべて正味量(net)の質量部で表記した。
成分を表4又は表5のとおりに変更した以外は、非水系電池電極バインダーAと同様にして、バインダー用組成物B~Zを調整した。各成分の添加量を表4又は5に示し、評価結果を表6に示す。
(C)アルカリ金属化合物および/またはアルカリ土類金属化合物から成る中和剤として、下記のものを用いた。
NaOH:10%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液
(a)リン酸基含有エチレン性不飽和単量体および(b)リン酸基含有界面活性剤としては、下記のものを用いた。
活物質として黒鉛(昭和電工社製、SCMG-BR)を100質量部、導電補助剤としてアセチレンブラックを2質量部、および増粘剤としてカルボキシメチルセルロース-ナトリウム塩(日本製紙ケミカル(株)製商品名サンローズMAC500LC)を1質量部計りとり、少量の水を加えて、攪拌式混合装置(プラネタリミキサー)を用いて60回転/分で20分間固練りを行った。次に、上記の非水系電池電極バインダーAをその不揮発分が1.5部となるように加え、黒鉛、カルボキシメチルセルロース-ナトリウム塩およびバインダー分散液の合計105.0質量部に対し、先に加えた水との合計で104.5質量部となるように追加の水を添加して、さらに60回転/分で20分間混ぜ、負極用スラリーを作製した。
次いで、上記の負極を用いて以下のようにしてリチウムイオン二次電池を製造した。負極と組み合わせる正極としては、以下の手順で作製したものを用いた。LiCoO2を90質量%、導電助剤としてアセチレンブラックを5質量%、バインダーとしてポリフッ化ビニリデン5質量%とを混合したものに、N-メチルピロリドンを100質量%添加して、さらに混合して正極用スラリーを作製した。得られた正極用スラリーを、ドクターブレード法により集電体である厚さ20μmのアルミニウム箔上にロールプレス処理後の厚さが100μmになるように塗布し、120℃で5分乾燥した。その後、プレス工程を経て正極を得た。
得られた正極および負極に導電タブをつけ、正極と負極との間にポリオレフィン系の多孔性フィルムからなるセパレータを介在させて、正極と負極との活物質が互いに対向するようにアルミラミネート外装体(電池パック)の中に収納した。この外装体中に電解液を注入し、真空ヒートシーラーでパッキングし、ラミネート型電池を得た。このようにして得られた電池について、充放電サイクル特性を測定した。上記の負極およびリチウムイオン二次電池に関する評価結果を表7に示す。
非水系電池電極バインダーAを非水系電池電極バインダーB~Zに変更すること以外は、比較例12と同様にして、負極およびリチウムイオン二次電池を製作し、その性能を評価した。結果を表7に示す。
Claims (15)
- (A)エチレン性不飽和単量体、(B)界面活性剤を必須成分として含み、さらに下記(I)~(III)のいずれか2つ以上の条件を満たす、非水系電池電極用バインダー用組成物。
(I)(A)エチレン性不飽和単量体が、(a)リン酸基含有エチレン性不飽和単量体を含む
(II)(B)界面活性剤が、(b)リン酸基含有界面活性剤を含む
(III)前記非水系電池電極用バインダー用組成物が、(C)アルカリ金属化合物およびアルカリ土類金属化合物から選ばれる少なくとも一種の中和剤を含む - (A)エチレン性不飽和単量体及び(B)界面活性剤の総質量部を100質量部としたとき、組成物中に含まれる(a)リン酸基含有エチレン性不飽和単量体および(b)リン酸基含有界面活性剤由来のリン原子の合計量が0.01~3.0質量部である、請求項1に記載の非水系電池電極用バインダー用組成物。
- 前記(I)及び(III)の条件を満たす、請求項1又は2に記載の非水系電池電極用バインダー用組成物。
- 前記(II)及び(III)の条件を満たす、請求項1又は2に記載の非水系電池電極用バインダー用組成物。
- 前記(I)及び(II)の条件を満たす、請求項1又は2に記載の非水系電池電極用バインダー用組成物。
- 前記(I)、(II)及び(III)の全ての条件を満たす、請求項1又は2に記載の非水系電池電極用バインダー用組成物。
- 前記(a)リン酸基含有エチレン性不飽和単量体が、下記一般式(1)または下記一般式(2)で示される化合物を少なくとも含有する、請求項1~3、5、6のいずれか1項に記載の非水系電池電極用バインダー用組成物。
(式中、R1は水素原子またはメチル基であり、R2は1~30個の炭素原子を有する2価の脂肪族炭化水素基であり、当該炭化水素基は、ハロゲン基またはエーテル基を有していてもよい。R3は水素原子または1~10個の炭素原子を有する脂肪族炭化水素基または芳香族炭化水素基、またはR3はアンモニウム、ナトリウム、リチウム、カリウム、アルコールアミノハーフ塩から選択されるカチオンである。)
(式中、R4およびR7はそれぞれ独立して、水素原子またはメチル基であり、R5およびR6はそれぞれ独立して、炭素数1~30の2価の脂肪族炭化水素基である。) - 前記(a)リン酸基含有エチレン性不飽和単量体が、前記非水系電池電極用バインダー用組成物中における全ての(A)エチレン性不飽和単量体に対して0.03~15モル%である、請求項1~3、5~7のいずれか1項に記載の非水系電池電極用バインダー用組成物。
- 前記(b)リン酸基含有界面活性剤が、前記非水系電池電極用バインダー用組成物中における(B)界面活性剤中に1.0~60質量%である、請求項1~3、5~9のいずれか1項に記載の非水系電池電極用バインダー用組成物。
- 前記(C)アルカリ金属塩および/またはアルカリ土類金属塩が、前記非水系電池電極用バインダー用組成物中における全てのエチレン性不飽和単量体100質量部に対して0.1~5質量部である、請求項1~4、6~10のいずれか1項に記載の非水系電池電極用バインダー用組成物。
- 請求項1~11に記載の非水系電池電極用バインダー用組成物を乳化重合してなる非水系電池電極用バインダー。
- 請求項12に記載の非水系電池電極用バインダーに、さらに電極活物質を含む、非水系電池電極用組成物。
- 請求項13に記載の非水系電池電極用組成物を用いて形成された非水系電池電極。
- 請求項14に記載の非水系電池電極を備える非水系電池。
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CN201680026670.8A CN107534152B (zh) | 2015-06-12 | 2016-06-01 | 非水系电池电极用粘合剂用组合物、非水系电池电极用粘合剂、非水系电池电极用组合物、非水系电池电极以及非水系电池 |
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