WO2014034771A1 - 微多孔膜、その製造方法、電池用セパレータおよび非水電解質二次電池セパレータ用樹脂組成物 - Google Patents
微多孔膜、その製造方法、電池用セパレータおよび非水電解質二次電池セパレータ用樹脂組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/44—Fibrous material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/0061—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof characterized by the use of several polymeric components
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/403—Manufacturing processes of separators, membranes or diaphragms
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/403—Manufacturing processes of separators, membranes or diaphragms
- H01M50/406—Moulding; Embossing; Cutting
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
- H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/489—Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2323/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2323/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2323/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2333/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2333/04—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers esters
- C08J2333/14—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers esters of esters containing halogen, nitrogen, sulfur, or oxygen atoms in addition to the carboxy oxygen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2351/00—Characterised by the use of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Derivatives of such polymers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2381/00—Characterised by the use of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing sulfur with or without nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon only; Polysulfones; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2381/04—Polysulfides
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/489—Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
- H01M50/494—Tensile strength
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a microporous membrane, in particular, a microporous membrane for a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery separator, a production method thereof, and a resin composition for a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery separator.
- non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries typified by lithium-ion secondary batteries with high electromotive force and low self-discharge are attracting attention as power sources for driving these devices.
- non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries typified by lithium-ion secondary batteries with high electromotive force and low self-discharge are attracting attention as power sources for driving these devices.
- lithium-ion secondary batteries with high electromotive force and low self-discharge
- a separator is interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode in order to prevent short-circuiting of both electrodes.
- a separator a large number of micropores are formed in order to ensure ion permeability between the two electrodes. Or the like (hereinafter referred to as “microporous membrane”) is used.
- This microporous membrane has not only excellent mechanical properties, but also has a “shutdown function” that blocks the current by blocking the pores of the microporous membrane when the battery temperature rises. A porous membrane is used.
- the separator made of the above-mentioned polyolefin microporous membrane has a “meltdown” in which when the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery starts to run out of heat and continues to rise in temperature, it undergoes thermal contraction and breaks the film, causing both electrodes to short-circuit. There is a problem to cause.
- the microporous membrane is required to have a shutdown function and “heat-shrinkage resistance” to prevent meltdown, but the shutdown function is based on the capping of pores due to melting of polyolefin, Shrinkage is contradictory in nature.
- spherical fine particles having a diameter of 1 to 10 ⁇ m made of polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) having a high melting point are dispersed in a phase using polyolefin as a matrix.
- PBT polybutylene terephthalate
- a microporous membrane has been proposed (see Patent Document 1). However, the microporous membrane has insufficient heat shrinkage resistance, and further improvement has been demanded.
- the problem to be solved by the present invention is to use a polyolefin and a high melting point thermoplastic resin to produce a microporous membrane excellent in heat shrinkage resistance, particularly a microporous membrane for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery separator and production thereof.
- the object is to provide a method and a resin composition for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery separator.
- a microporous film having a high melting point thermoplastic resin having a needle-like structure is excellent in heat shrinkage, and has completed the present invention. It was.
- the present invention is a microporous film comprising a thermoplastic resin (a) having a melting point of 220 ° C. or higher and a polyolefin, wherein the thermoplastic resin (a) has a needle-like structure.
- a thermoplastic resin (a) having a melting point of 220 ° C. or higher and a polyolefin, wherein the thermoplastic resin (a) has a needle-like structure.
- the present invention also relates to a battery separator comprising the microporous membrane described above.
- thermoplastic resin (a) having a melting point of 220 ° C. or higher and the polyolefin (b) are melt-kneaded at a temperature not lower than the melting point of the thermoplastic resin (a) to obtain a resin composition ( ⁇ ).
- the step (2) of obtaining the melt-kneaded product ( ⁇ ), the melt-kneaded product ( ⁇ ) heated to a temperature of the melting point of the thermoplastic resin (a) + 10 ° C. or more is formed into a sheet, and heat having a needle-like structure
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a microporous membrane comprising a step (3) of obtaining a sheet ( ⁇ ) containing a plastic resin (a) and a step (4) of making the obtained sheet ( ⁇ ) porous.
- thermoplastic resin (a) having a melting point of 220 ° C. or higher and the polyolefin (b) are melted at a temperature of the melting point of the thermoplastic resin (a) + 10 ° C. or higher in an extruder having a die attached to the tip. After kneading, the strand is formed so that the die hole diameter / strand diameter is 1.1 or more, and then the strand is cut, and the resin composition ( ⁇ ′) containing the thermoplastic resin (a) having a needle-like structure is cut.
- the resin composition ( ⁇ ′) and the pore-forming agent (d1) or ⁇ crystal nucleating agent (d2) obtained at a temperature not lower than the melting point of the polyolefin (b) and the thermoplasticity are obtained. Kneading at a temperature not higher than the melting point of the resin (a) to obtain a kneaded product ( ⁇ ′) (2 ′), a temperature not lower than the melting point of the polyolefin (b) and not higher than the melting point of the thermoplastic resin (a).
- the melt-kneaded product ( ⁇ ′) heated to a temperature is made into a sheet A process comprising a step (3 ′) of obtaining a sheet ( ⁇ ) containing a thermoplastic resin (a) having a needle-like structure, and a step (4) of making the obtained sheet ( ⁇ ) porous.
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a porous membrane.
- thermoplastic resin (a) having a melting point of 220 ° C. or higher and the polyolefin (b) are melted at a temperature of the melting point of the thermoplastic resin (a) + 10 ° C. or higher in an extruder having a die attached to the tip.
- thermoplastic resin (a) is 1 to 73% by mass and the polyolefin (b) is 99 to 27% by mass with respect to the total mass (a + b) of the thermoplastic resin (a) and the polyolefin (b).
- the present invention relates to a resin composition for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery separator, wherein the thermoplastic resin (a) has a needle-like structure.
- a microporous membrane excellent in heat shrinkage resistance particularly a microporous membrane for a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery separator, a method for producing the same, and a nonaqueous electrolyte A resin composition for a secondary battery separator can be provided.
- FIG. 1 is a photomicrograph of the sheet specimen obtained in Example 4.
- FIG. It has a structure in which needle-shaped polyphenylene sulfide resin is dispersed in a polyolefin matrix.
- the white network structure is a polyolefin formed when the test piece is cut for SEM photography.
- FIG. 2 is a photomicrograph of the sheet test piece obtained in Comparative Example 1. It has a structure in which a spherical polyphenylene sulfide resin is dispersed in a polyolefin matrix.
- the white network structure is a polyolefin formed when the test piece is cut for SEM photography.
- the microporous membrane of the present invention is a microporous membrane containing a thermoplastic resin having a melting point of 220 ° C. or higher and a polyolefin, and the thermoplastic resin has a needle-like structure.
- thermoplastic resin having a melting point of 220 ° C. or higher
- a thermoplastic resin such as a so-called general-purpose engineering plastic or super engineering plastic having a melting point of 220 ° C. or higher, preferably in the range of 220 to 390 ° C.
- polyamide having an aliphatic skeleton such as polyamide 6 (6-nylon), polyamide 66 (6,6-nylon) or polyamide 12 (12-nylon), polyamide 6T (6T-nylon, polyamide)
- Polyamide having an aromatic skeleton such as 9T (9T-nylon), such as polyamide having a melting point of 220 ° C.
- Polyester resin having a melting point of 220 ° C. or higher, preferably 220 to 280 ° C., or polyphenylene having a melting point of 265 ° C. or higher, preferably 265 to 350 ° C., more preferably 280 to 300 ° C.
- Polyarylene sulfide typified by sulfide, polyether ether ketone having a melting point in the range of 300 to 390 ° C., melting point having parahydroxybenzoic acid in the skeleton is 300 ° C.
- thermoplastic resin having a melting point of 220 to 390 ° C., such as syndiotactic polystyrene having a melting point of 220 or more, preferably 220 to 280 ° C.
- Polyarylene sulfides with excellent flame retardancy and dimensional stability are preferred That's right.
- the molecular weight of the thermoplastic resin is not particularly limited as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired, but from the point of being able to suppress gasification and bleeding out of the resin component during melt kneading,
- the value converted to it is preferably in the range of 5 [Pa ⁇ s] or more, while the upper limit of the melt viscosity is not particularly problematic, but is in the range of 3000 [Pa ⁇ s] or less from the viewpoint of fluidity and moldability. And is most preferably in the range of 20 to 1000 [Pa ⁇ s].
- melt viscosity is a load of 1.96 MPa, an orifice length and an orifice using a flow tester (high pressure flow tester “CFT-500D type” manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation) at a melting point of the thermoplastic resin plus 20 ° C. It shall refer to the melt viscosity after holding for 6 minutes using an orifice with a former / latter ratio of 10/1 to diameter.
- the “melting point” refers to the melting peak temperature measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) in accordance with the method of JIS 7121 (1999) 9.1 (1).
- thermoplastic resin mentioned as a preferable thermoplastic resin will be described in more detail.
- the polyarylene sulfide resin used in the present invention has a resin structure having a repeating unit of a structure in which an aromatic ring and a sulfur atom are bonded.
- the polyarylene sulfide resin has the following formula (1)
- R 1 and R 2 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a nitro group, an amino group, a phenyl group, a methoxy group, or an ethoxy group). It is a resin having a structural site as a repeating unit.
- R 1 and R 2 in the formula are preferably hydrogen atoms from the viewpoint of the mechanical strength of the polyarylene sulfide resin.
- a compound bonded at the para position represented by the following formula (2) is preferable.
- the bond of the sulfur atom to the aromatic ring in the repeating unit is a structure bonded at the para position represented by the structural formula (2). In terms of surface.
- polyarylene sulfide resin is not limited to the structural part represented by the formula (1), but the following structural formulas (3) to (6)
- the structural site represented by the formula (1) may be included at 30 mol% or less of the total with the structural site represented by the formula (1).
- the structural portion represented by the above formulas (3) to (6) is preferably 10 mol% or less from the viewpoint of heat resistance and mechanical strength of the polyarylene sulfide resin.
- the bonding mode thereof may be either a random copolymer or a block copolymer. .
- polyarylene sulfide resin has the following formula (7) in its molecular structure.
- the polyarylene sulfide resin is not particularly limited as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired, but the melt viscosity (V6) measured at 300 ° C. is preferably in the range of 5 to 3,000 [Pa ⁇ s], Furthermore, the range of 20 to 1000 [Pa ⁇ s] is more preferable because the balance between fluidity and mechanical strength is good. Further, the non-Newtonian index of the polyarylene sulfide resin is not particularly limited as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired, but is preferably in the range of 0.90 to 2.00.
- the non-Newtonian index is preferably in the range of 0.90 to 1.20, more preferably in the range of 0.95 to 1.15, particularly 0. Particularly preferred is .95 to 1.10.
- Such a polyarylene sulfide resin is excellent in mechanical properties, fluidity, and abrasion resistance.
- SR shear rate (second ⁇ 1 )
- SS shear stress (dyne / cm 2 )
- K represents a constant. The closer the N value is to 1, the closer the PPS is to a linear structure, and the higher the N value is, the more branched the structure is.
- the method for producing the polyarylene sulfide resin is not particularly limited.
- the method 3) is versatile and preferable.
- an alkali metal salt of carboxylic acid or sulfonic acid or an alkali hydroxide may be added to adjust the degree of polymerization.
- a hydrous sulfiding agent is introduced into a mixture containing a heated organic polar solvent and a dihalogenoaromatic compound at a rate at which water can be removed from the reaction mixture, and the dihalogenoaromatic compound and A method for producing a PAS resin by reacting with a sulfidizing agent and controlling the amount of water in the reaction system in the range of 0.02 to 0.5 mol relative to 1 mol of the organic polar solvent No.
- the thermoplastic resin has a needle-like structure and can impart more excellent heat shrinkage resistance to the microporous membrane, so that the aspect ratio is particularly in the range of 1.1 to 100.
- the range is from 1.5 to 50, more preferably from 2 to 30.
- the thermoplastic resin having a needle-like structure not only has excellent heat shrinkage resistance, but also has good dispersibility of the thermoplastic resin in the resin composition.
- the length is preferably in the range of 10 to 5000 nm, more preferably in the range of 50 to 2000 nm, and even more preferably in the range of 80 to 500 nm.
- thermoplastic resin in the present invention is based on the image analysis result of the scanning electron micrograph, actually, not only the needle-like structure but also the plate-like structure or the rod-like structure In the present invention, these are also included in the needle-like structure.
- polyolefin used in the microporous membrane of the present invention is not limited in its type.
- a homopolymer or copolymer obtained by polymerizing monomers such as ethylene, propylene, butene, methylpentene, hexene, and octene as raw materials For example, two or more different homopolymers, copolymers, or multistage polymers may be mixed and used.
- the mass average molecular weight is preferably in the range of 5 ⁇ 10 5 or more and 15 ⁇ 10 6 or less.
- polyethylene include ultra high molecular weight polyethylene, high density polyethylene, medium density polyethylene, and low density polyethylene. Of these, ultra high molecular weight polyethylene is preferred.
- the mass average molecular weight of the ultra high molecular weight polyethylene is preferably 1 ⁇ 10 6 to 15 ⁇ 10 6 , and more preferably 1 ⁇ 10 6 to 5 ⁇ 10 6 . By making the mass average molecular weight 15 ⁇ 10 6 or less, melt extrusion can be facilitated.
- the mass average molecular weight is not particularly limited, but is preferably in the range of 1 ⁇ 10 4 to 4 ⁇ 10 6 .
- a polyolefin particularly a polyethylene having a mass average molecular weight of 5 ⁇ 10 5 or more, as the ⁇ -olefin, propylene, butene-1, hexene-1, pentene-1, 4- Methyl pentene-1, octene, vinyl acetate, methyl methacrylate, styrene and the like are preferable.
- polyolefin (b) used in the present invention high-density polyethylene, ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene, or polypropylene is preferable. Further, when the microporous film is produced using the pore-forming agent (d1), the density is high. Polyethylene is more preferable, and polypropylene is more preferable when the microporous membrane is produced using the ⁇ crystal nucleating agent (d2).
- the composition ratio of the thermoplastic resin and the polyolefin is not particularly limited as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired, but the thermoplastic resin is based on the total mass of the thermoplastic resin and the polyolefin. Is in the range of 1 to 73% by mass, the polyolefin is preferably in the range of 99 to 27% by mass, the thermoplastic resin is in the range of 10 to 60% by mass, and the polyolefin is in the range of 90 to 40% by mass. A range is more preferable. Within this range, the dispersibility of the thermoplastic resin with respect to the polyolefin becomes good.
- This invention can use a compatibilizer as needed, and can improve the compatibility of polyolefin and a thermoplastic resin by this, and is preferable.
- a compatibilizing agent a thermoplastic elastomer having a functional group having reactivity with the end of the thermoplastic resin is preferable.
- a thermoplastic elastomer having a glass transition point of ⁇ 40 ° C. or lower is preferable in view of heat resistance and easy mixing because it has rubber elasticity even at low temperatures. The lower the glass transition point, the better.
- the glass transition point is preferably in the range of ⁇ 180 to ⁇ 40 ° C., particularly preferably in the range of ⁇ 150 to ⁇ 40 ° C.
- thermoplastic elastomer used in the present invention include at least one selected from the group consisting of epoxy groups, amino groups, hydroxy groups, carboxyl groups, mercapto groups, isocyanate groups, vinyl groups, acid anhydride groups, and ester groups.
- a thermoplastic elastomer having various functional groups is preferred, and among these, those having a functional group derived from a carboxylic acid derivative such as an epoxy group, an acid anhydride group, a carboxyl group, or an ester group are particularly preferred.
- the thermoplastic elastomer having these functional groups can be suitably used, particularly when a polyarylene sulfide resin is used as the thermoplastic resin, since the affinity between the thermoplastic resin and the polyolefin becomes good.
- the thermoplastic elastomer used in the present invention is obtained by copolymerizing one or more kinds of ⁇ -olefins and a vinyl polymerizable compound having the functional group.
- ⁇ -olefins include ⁇ -olefins having 2 to 8 carbon atoms such as ethylene, propylene, and butene-1.
- vinyl polymerizable compound having a functional group include ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated carboxylic acids such as (meth) acrylic acid and (meth) acrylic acid esters and alkyl esters thereof, maleic acid, fumaric acid, and itaconic acid.
- a propylene copolymer or an ethylene-butene copolymer is preferred, and an ethylene-propylene copolymer or an ethylene-butene copolymer having a carboxyl group is more preferred.
- These thermoplastic elastomers (c1) can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the composition ratio of the thermoplastic resin, the polyolefin and the compatibilizing agent is not particularly limited as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired, but the thermoplastic resin and the polyolefin are compatibilized. It is preferable that the total mass of the thermoplastic resin and the polyolefin is in the range of 97 to 90% by mass and the compatibilizer is in the range of 3 to 10% by mass with respect to the total mass with the agent. For example, even when a high concentration (for example, 40 to 73% by mass) of a thermoplastic resin is contained in the polyolefin, it is preferable because the compatibility and dispersibility of the thermoplastic resin with respect to the polyolefin are improved.
- thermoplastic resin polyolefin, and compatibilizer.
- Additives can be appropriately blended.
- an antioxidant is added in an amount of 0.01 to 5 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polyolefin. It is preferable to add in the range of parts.
- the microporous membrane of the present invention is, for example, (Production Method 1)
- Thermoplastic resin having a melting point of 220 ° C. or higher (hereinafter referred to as a thermoplastic resin (a) having a melting point of 220 ° C. or higher in Production Method 1 and Production Method 2) and polyolefin (hereinafter referred to as Polyolefin (in Production Method 1 and Production Method 2) b)) is melt kneaded at a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point of the thermoplastic resin (a) in an extruder having a die attached to the tip, and a resin composition (hereinafter referred to as resin composition ( ⁇ ) in production method 1).
- Step (1) to obtain the resin composition ( ⁇ ) and the pore-forming agent (d1) or ⁇ -crystal nucleating agent (d2) obtained at a temperature of the melting point of the thermoplastic resin (a) + 10 ° C. or higher.
- thermoplastic resin (a) having a melting point of 220 ° C. or higher and polyolefin (b) at a temperature of melting point of thermoplastic resin (a) + 10 ° C. or higher in an extruder having a die attached to the tip.
- the resin composition containing the thermoplastic resin (a) having a needle-like structure after cutting (hereinafter referred to as resin in production method 2) Step (1 ′) for obtaining a composition ( ⁇ ′)), and the resulting resin composition ( ⁇ ′) and the pore-forming agent (d1) or ⁇ -crystal nucleating agent (d2) of the polyolefin (b) Kneading at a temperature not lower than the melting point and not higher than the melting point of the thermoplastic resin (a) to obtain a kneaded product (hereinafter referred to as kneaded product ( ⁇ ′) in production method 2), the polyolefin ( b) a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point and the thermoplastic resin ( ) To obtain a sheet ( ⁇ ) containing the thermoplastic resin (a) having a needle-like structure by forming a kneaded product ( ⁇ ′
- thermoplastic resin (a) having a melting point of 220 ° C. or higher and a polyolefin (b) are melt-kneaded at a temperature not lower than the melting point of the thermoplastic resin (a) to obtain a resin composition ( ⁇ ). Step (1) is included.
- the thermoplastic resin (a) and the polyolefin (b) need to be uniformly dispersed with other blending components as necessary, so that the melting point of the thermoplastic resin + 10 ° C.
- the apparatus used for melt-kneading is not particularly limited, but it is preferably performed in an extruder having a die attached to the tip.
- the ratio (discharge amount / screw rotation number) between the discharge amount (kg / hr) of the blended component and the screw rotation speed (rpm) is 0.02 to 2.0 (kg / hr / rpm). It is carried out under conditions that are in the range, preferably in the range of 0.05 to 0.8 (kg / hr / rpm), more preferably in the range of 0.07 to 0.2 (kg / hr / rpm).
- thermoplastic resin (a) is uniformly finely dispersed using the polyolefin (b) as a matrix
- the film thickness in the sheeting process becomes uniform.
- the resin composition ( ⁇ ) discharged from the die after melt kneading is a pellet, powder, plate, fiber, strand, film or sheet, pipe, Although it can be formed into a hollow shape, box shape, etc., it is in the form of pellets from the viewpoint of handleability such as storage and transportation, and from the point that it can be easily uniformly dispersed during kneading in step (2). Preferably there is.
- the charging ratio of the thermoplastic resin (a) and the polyolefin (b) is the thermoplastic resin with respect to the total mass (a + b) of the thermoplastic resin (a) and the polyolefin (b).
- (a) is in the range of 1 to 73% by mass
- polyolefin (b) is in the range of 99 to 27% by mass
- the thermoplastic resin (a) is in the range of 10 to 60% by mass.
- the polyolefin (b) is in the range of 90 to 40% by mass. In the said range, since the dispersibility of the thermoplastic resin (a) with respect to polyolefin (b) becomes favorable, it is preferable.
- thermoplastic resin (a) and the polyolefin (b) are further added with a compatibilizer (c) and melt kneaded, the thermoplastic resin (a) and the polyolefin (b)
- the charging ratio with the compatibilizing agent (c) is such that the thermoplastic resin (a) and the polyolefin are the total mass (a + b + c) of the thermoplastic resin (a), the polyolefin (b) and the compatibilizing agent (c).
- the total mass (a + b) of (b) is preferably in the range of 97 to 90% by mass, and the compatibilizer (c) is preferably in the range of 3 to 10% by mass.
- thermoplastic resin (a) is contained in the polyolefin (b) at a high concentration (for example, 40 to 73% by mass), the thermoplastic resin (a) relative to the polyolefin (b) This is preferable because the compatibility and dispersibility of the resin are good.
- a lubricant as other blending components, a lubricant, an antiblocking agent, an antistatic agent, an antioxidant, in addition to the above components (a) to (c), as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- Known and commonly used additives such as light stabilizers and fillers can be appropriately blended.
- an antioxidant is added in an amount of 0.01 to 5 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polyolefin (b). It is preferable to add in the range of parts.
- Step (2) In the present invention, the obtained resin composition ( ⁇ ) and the pore-forming agent (d1) or ⁇ -crystal nucleating agent (d2) are melt-kneaded at a temperature of the melting point of the thermoplastic resin (a) + 10 ° C. or more, A step (2) of obtaining a melt-kneaded product ( ⁇ ).
- Pore forming agent (d1) As the pore-forming agent (d1), a known and commonly used one can be used, but it is particularly limited as long as it dissolves in the solvent used in the step (4) for making the sheet ( ⁇ ) described later porous.
- calcium carbonate fine particles are preferable, but inorganic fine particles such as magnesium sulfate fine particles, calcium oxide fine particles, calcium hydroxide fine particles, silica fine particles, and a solid or liquid solvent at room temperature may be used. it can.
- Solvents that are liquid at room temperature include aliphatic or cyclic hydrocarbons such as nonane, decane, decalin, paraxylene, undecane, dodecane, liquid paraffin, and mineral oil fractions with boiling points corresponding to these, and dibutyl phthalate, dioctyl Examples of the phthalate are liquid phthalates at room temperature, and it is preferable to use a non-volatile liquid solvent such as liquid paraffin.
- the solvent that is solid at room temperature is mixed with polyolefin in the heated melt-kneaded state, but may be a solid solvent at room temperature, and stearyl alcohol, seryl alcohol, paraffin wax, and the like can be used. If only a solid solvent is used, stretching unevenness or the like may occur, so it is preferable to use a liquid solvent in combination.
- the charging ratio between the resin composition ( ⁇ ) and the hole forming agent (d1) is such that the resin composition ( ⁇ ) and the hole forming agent (d1) are used.
- the resin composition ( ⁇ ) is preferably in the range of 30 to 80% by mass and the pore-forming agent (d1) is in the range of 70 to 20% by mass with respect to the total mass ( ⁇ + d1) of More preferably, the resin composition ( ⁇ ) is in the range of 50 to 70% by mass and the pore-forming agent (d1) is in the range of 50 to 30% by mass.
- the hole forming agent (d1) may be added before the start of the melt kneading in step (2), or may be added from the middle of the extruder during the melt kneading. Is preferred.
- an antioxidant is preferably added to prevent oxidation of the polyolefin.
- ⁇ crystal nucleating agent examples include those shown below, but are not particularly limited as long as they increase the production / growth of ⁇ crystals of the polypropylene-based resin, and two or more types are also included. You may mix and use.
- ⁇ crystal nucleating agent examples include amide compounds; tetraoxaspiro compounds; quinacridones; iron oxides having a nanoscale size; potassium 1,2-hydroxystearate, magnesium benzoate or magnesium succinate, magnesium phthalate, etc.
- Alkali or alkaline earth metal salts of carboxylic acids represented by: aromatic sulfonic acid compounds represented by sodium benzenesulfonate or sodium naphthalenesulfonate; di- or triesters of dibasic or tribasic carboxylic acids; phthalocyanine blue Phthalocyanine pigments typified by, etc .; binary compounds composed of organic dibasic acids and Group IIA metal oxides, hydroxides or salts of periodic table; compositions composed of cyclic phosphorus compounds and magnesium compounds, etc.
- Be mentionedCommercially available products of such ⁇ crystal nucleating agents include ⁇ crystal nucleating agent “NJESTER NU-100” manufactured by Shin Nippon Rika Co., Ltd.
- polypropylene resins to which ⁇ crystal nucleating agents are added include polypropylene manufactured by Aristech Examples thereof include “Bepol® B-022SP”, polypropylene manufactured by Borealis “Beta ( ⁇ ) -PP®BE60-7032”, and polypropylene manufactured by Mayzo “BNX®BETAPP-LN”.
- the charging ratio of the ⁇ crystal nucleating agent (d2) in the resin composition ( ⁇ ) is not particularly limited as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- it is preferably in the range of 0.0001 to 10 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polyolefin (b) in the resin composition ( ⁇ ). Further, the range of 0.001 to 5 parts by mass is more preferable, and the range of 0.01 to 1 part by mass is most preferable.
- ⁇ crystals can be generated and grown, and sufficient ⁇ activity can be secured even when used as a separator, and the desired air permeation performance is obtained. If it is at most parts, bleeding of the ⁇ crystal nucleating agent can be suppressed, which is preferable.
- polyolefin (e) in step (2), polyolefin (hereinafter referred to as polyolefin (e)) can be further blended and diluted with respect to the resin composition ( ⁇ ) obtained in step (1).
- polyolefin (e) There is no limitation in the kind as polyolefin (e), The thing similar to the said polyolefin (b) can be used.
- the charging ratio is determined between the thermoplastic resin (a), the polyolefin (b), and the polyolefin (e) contained in the resin composition ( ⁇ ).
- the thermoplastic resin (a) is in the range of 1 to 73% by mass with respect to the total mass (a + b + e), and the total mass (b + e) of the polyolefin (b) and the polyolefin (e) is in the range of 99 to 27 parts by mass.
- thermoplastic resin (a) is in the range of 5 to 60% by mass, and the total mass (b + e) is more preferably in the range of 95 to 40% by mass, and the thermoplastic resin (a) More preferably, the total mass (b + e) is in the range of 80 to 60 mass% with respect to 20 to 40 mass%.
- a lubricant, an anti-blocking agent, an antistatic agent in addition to the components ( ⁇ ), (d1) or (d2), and (e), as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- Known and commonly used additives such as antioxidants, light stabilizers, crystal nucleus materials, fillers and the like can be appropriately blended.
- the melt kneading temperature is the melting point of the thermoplastic resin + 10 ° C. or more, more preferably the set temperature is in the range of melting point + 10 to melting point + 100 ° C., more preferably in the range of melting point + 20 to melting point + 50 ° C.
- the method of melt kneading is not particularly limited, but it is preferably performed by uniformly kneading in an extruder, and since the subsequent step (3) can be continuously performed, More preferably, it is carried out in an extruder equipped with a sheet die such as a T die.
- the ratio (discharge amount / screw rotation number) between the discharge amount (kg / hr) of the blended component and the screw rotation speed (rpm) is preferably 0.02 to 2.0 ( kg / hr / rpm), more preferably 0.05 to 0.8 (kg / hr / rpm), even more preferably 0.07 to 0.2 (kg / hr / rpm). Perform under conditions.
- thermoplastic resin (a) when the thermoplastic resin (a) is added using the polyolefin (b) and the polyolefin (e) as a matrix, and the pore-forming agent (d1) or the ⁇ -crystal nucleating agent (d2) is further added, the pore-forming agent (d1 ) Or ⁇ -crystal nucleating agent (d2) can be uniformly dispersed in a sea-island structure, resulting in not only uniform film thickness in the sheeting process, but also uniform pore distribution and A microporous film having a fine pore diameter can be formed.
- the melt-kneaded product ( ⁇ ) is shaped into pellets, powders, plates, fibers, strands, films or sheets, pipes, hollows, boxes, etc. It can be cooled and pelletized once, such as by molding, but from the viewpoint of productivity, it can be melted and kneaded using an extruder with a T die attached to the tip, directly or via another extruder It is preferable to continuously perform the following step (3).
- the present invention includes a step (3) of obtaining a sheet ( ⁇ ) by forming a sheet of the melt-kneaded product ( ⁇ ) heated to the melting point of the thermoplastic resin (a) + 10 ° C. or more.
- step (3) the melt-kneaded product ( ⁇ ) is once cooled and pelletized, and then extruded again from the die through an extruder, directly or through another extruder, and cast roll.
- a roll such as a roll take-up machine so that the gap (lip width) / sheet thickness of the lip portion of the die is in the range of 1.1 to 40, and further in the range of 2 to 20. More preferred.
- a sheet die having a rectangular base shape is preferably used, but a double cylindrical hollow die, an inflation die, or the like can also be used.
- the gap (lip width) of the lip portion of the die is usually preferably 0.1 to 5 mm, and at the time of extrusion, this is more preferably the melting point of the thermoplastic resin (a) + 10 ° C. or more. Is heated to a temperature in the range of melting point +10 to melting point + 100 ° C., more preferably in the range of melting point +20 to 50 ° C. The extrusion rate of the heated solution is preferably in the range of 0.2 to 50 (m / min).
- the sheet ( ⁇ ) is formed by cooling the melt-kneaded product ( ⁇ ) thus extruded from the die. Cooling is preferably performed at a rate of 50 ° C./min or more at least up to the gelation temperature or less. Moreover, it is preferable to cool to 25 degrees C or less.
- the phase which consists of polyolefin gelatinizes
- distributed to the polyolefin phase can be fixed.
- the cooling rate is less than 50 ° C./min, the degree of crystallinity increases, and it tends to be difficult to obtain a sheet suitable for stretching.
- the draft ratio ((rolling speed of the roll) / (flow rate of the resin flowing out from the die lip converted from the density)) is preferably 1 to 600 times, more preferably from the viewpoint of air permeability and moldability. 1 to 200 times, more preferably 1 to 100 times.
- the hole forming agent (d1) when used, it is preferably cooled to 25 ° C. or lower.
- the ⁇ crystal nucleating agent (d2) when used, the ⁇ crystal ratio of the polyolefin (b) is adjusted in the range of 20 to 100%, preferably in the range of 50 to 100%. It is preferable to cool to 90 to 140 ° C.
- the ⁇ crystal ratio is determined by using a differential scanning calorimeter when the film-like material is heated from 25 ° C. to 240 ° C. at a heating rate of 10 ° C./min.
- the present invention includes a step (4) of making the sheet ( ⁇ ) obtained in the step (3) porous.
- the porous step of the step (4) is roughly divided into a case where the pore forming agent (d1) is used and a case where the ⁇ crystal nucleating agent (d2) is used.
- the case where the hole forming agent (d1) is used will be described.
- a microporous membrane called so-called wet method is formed in which the microporous material is formed by eluting the pore-forming agent (d1) using an acidic aqueous solution.
- any of the methods (4a) to (4c) after the sheet ( ⁇ ) is heated, stretching is performed at a predetermined magnification by a usual tenter method, roll method, inflation method, rolling method, or a combination of these methods.
- the stretching may be uniaxial stretching or biaxial stretching, but biaxial stretching is preferred.
- biaxial stretching any of simultaneous biaxial stretching, sequential stretching or multistage stretching (combination of simultaneous biaxial stretching and sequential stretching) may be used, but sequential biaxial stretching is particularly preferable.
- the mechanical strength is improved by stretching.
- the stretching ratio varies depending on the thickness of the sheet ( ⁇ ), but when uniaxial stretching is performed, it is preferably 2 times or more, more preferably 3 to 30 times. In biaxial stretching, it is preferably at least 2 times in any direction, preferably 4 times or more in terms of surface magnification, and more preferably 6 times or more in terms of surface magnification. By setting the surface magnification to 4 times or more, the puncture strength can be improved. On the other hand, when the surface magnification is more than 100 times, restrictions tend to occur in terms of stretching devices, stretching operations, and the like.
- the stretching temperature is preferably the melting point + 10 ° C. or less, and more preferably within the range from the crystal dispersion temperature to less than the crystal melting point.
- the stretching temperature exceeds the melting point + 10 ° C., the polyolefin is melted and the molecular chain cannot be oriented by stretching.
- the stretching temperature is lower than the crystal dispersion temperature, the polyolefin is not sufficiently softened, the film is easily broken during stretching, and high-stretching cannot be performed.
- primary stretching may be performed at a temperature lower than the crystal dispersion temperature.
- the crystal dispersion temperature refers to a value obtained by temperature characteristic measurement of dynamic viscoelasticity based on ASTM D 4065.
- the crystal dispersion temperature of polyethylene is generally 90 ° C.
- the stretching temperature is preferably in the range from the crystal dispersion temperature of the polyethylene to the crystal melting point + 10 ° C. or less.
- the stretching temperature is usually preferably 100 to 130 ° C, more preferably 110 to 120 ° C.
- the film can be stretched by providing a temperature distribution in the film thickness direction, or can be subjected to sequential stretching or multi-stage stretching in which the film is first stretched at a relatively low temperature and then secondarily stretched at a higher temperature.
- a temperature distribution in the film thickness direction and stretching By providing a temperature distribution in the film thickness direction and stretching, a microporous film generally excellent in mechanical strength can be obtained.
- the method for example, the method disclosed in JP-A-7-188440 can be applied.
- a solvent capable of dissolving the hole forming agent (d1) (hereinafter referred to as a removal solvent) is used.
- a removal solvent a solvent capable of dissolving the hole forming agent (d1)
- a porous film By removing the pore-forming agent (d1) uniformly finely dispersed using the removal solvent, a porous film can be obtained.
- the removal solvent include, for example, acidic aqueous solutions such as hydrochloric acid, chlorinated hydrocarbons such as methylene chloride and carbon tetrachloride, hydrocarbons such as pentane, hexane and heptane, fluorinated hydrocarbons such as ethane trifluoride, Examples include easily volatile solvents such as ethers such as diethyl ether and dioxane, and methyl ethyl ketone.
- a solvent having a surface tension at 25 ° C. of 24 mN / m or less disclosed in JP-A No. 2002-256099 can be used.
- the shrinkage and densification of the network structure caused by the surface tension of the gas-liquid interface generated inside the microporous layer during drying after removing the pore-forming agent (d1) is suppressed.
- the porosity and permeability of the microporous membrane are further improved.
- the removal method of the pore-forming agent (d1) is based on a method of immersing the stretched film or sheet ( ⁇ ) in a removal solvent, a method of showering the removal solvent on the stretched film or sheet ( ⁇ ), or a combination thereof. It can be performed by a method or the like.
- the removal solvent is preferably used in an amount of 300 to 30000 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the sheet ( ⁇ ).
- the removal treatment with the removal solvent is preferably performed until the remaining pore-forming agent is less than 1% by mass with respect to the amount added.
- the step (4) is a so-called dry process in which a microporous material is formed by stretching a sheet containing a polyolefin having ⁇ crystals, particularly preferably a polypropylene resin.
- This is a process for producing a microporous membrane called a method, and examples thereof include a process (4d) for stretching the sheet ( ⁇ ).
- stretching is performed at a predetermined magnification by heating the sheet ( ⁇ ) and then using a normal tenter method, roll method, inflation method, rolling method, or a combination of these methods.
- the stretching may be uniaxial stretching or biaxial stretching, but biaxial stretching is preferred.
- biaxial stretching any of simultaneous biaxial stretching, sequential stretching or multistage stretching (combination of simultaneous biaxial stretching and sequential stretching) may be used, but sequential biaxial stretching is particularly preferable.
- the mechanical strength is improved by stretching.
- the stretching ratio varies depending on the thickness of the sheet ( ⁇ ), but when uniaxial stretching is performed, it is preferably 2 times or more, more preferably 3 to 30 times. In biaxial stretching, it is preferably at least 2 times in any direction, preferably 4 times or more in terms of surface magnification, and more preferably 6 times or more in terms of surface magnification. By setting the surface magnification to 4 times or more, the puncture strength can be improved. On the other hand, when the surface magnification is more than 100 times, restrictions tend to occur in terms of stretching devices, stretching operations, and the like. In the case of using the ⁇ crystal nucleating agent (d2), the stretching step may be uniaxial stretching in the longitudinal direction or the transverse direction, or may be biaxial stretching.
- simultaneous biaxial stretching may be sufficient and sequential biaxial stretching may be sufficient.
- sequential biaxial stretching is more preferable because the stretching conditions can be selected in each stretching step and the porous structure can be easily controlled.
- the stretching temperature in the longitudinal stretching is preferably about 0 to 130 ° C., More preferably, it is controlled in the range of 10 to 120 ° C., more preferably 20 to 110 ° C.
- the longitudinal draw ratio is preferably 2 to 10 times, more preferably 3 to 8 times, still more preferably 4 to 7 times.
- the stretching temperature in transverse stretching is generally 100 to 160 ° C., preferably 110 to 150 ° C., more preferably 120 to 140 ° C.
- the preferred transverse draw ratio is 2 to 10 times, more preferably 3 to 8 times, and still more preferably 4 to 7 times.
- the stretching speed in the stretching step is preferably 500 to 12000% / min, more preferably 1500 to 10000% / min, and further preferably 2500 to 8000% / min.
- membrane obtained through process (4) can give well-known post-processing processes, such as a drying process, heat processing, a crosslinking process, or a hydrophilization process.
- the drying treatment include a method of drying by a heat drying method or an air drying method.
- the drying temperature is preferably a temperature not higher than the crystal dispersion temperature of polyolefin, and particularly preferably a temperature lower by 5 ° C. or more than the crystal dispersion temperature.
- the content of the removal solvent remaining in the microporous membrane is preferably 5% by mass or less (the membrane mass after drying is 100% by mass), and 3% by mass or less. More preferred. If the drying solvent is insufficient and a large amount of the removal solvent remains in the film, it is not preferable because the porosity is lowered and permeability is deteriorated by a subsequent heat treatment.
- a heat treatment as a post-treatment.
- the crystal is stabilized by the heat treatment, and the lamellar layer is made uniform.
- the heat treatment method any method of heat stretching treatment, heat setting treatment, or heat shrinkage treatment may be used, and these methods are appropriately selected according to the physical properties required for the microporous membrane. These heat treatments are preferably performed at a temperature not lower than the crystallization temperature of the polyolefin of the microporous membrane and not higher than the melting point, and more preferably performed at an intermediate temperature between the crystallization temperature and the melting point.
- the heat stretching treatment is performed by a commonly used tenter method, roll method, or rolling method, and is preferably performed in a range of a stretching ratio of 1.01 to 2.0 times in at least one direction, preferably 1.01 to 1.5 times. It is more preferable to carry out within a range.
- the heat setting treatment is performed by a tenter method, a roll method or a rolling method. Moreover, you may perform a heat shrink process by a tenter system, a roll system, or a rolling system, or may be performed using a belt conveyor or a floating.
- the heat shrinkage treatment is preferably performed in a range of 50% or less in at least one direction, and more preferably performed in a range of 30% or less.
- the heat stretching treatment is performed after the heat setting treatment, the permeability of the obtained microporous membrane is improved and the pore diameter is enlarged.
- ionizing radiation ⁇ -rays, ⁇ -rays, ⁇ -rays, electron beams, etc. are used for the crosslinking treatment, and ionizing radiation is performed with an electron dose of 0.1 to 100 Mrad and an acceleration voltage of 100 to 300 kV. Can be crosslinked. Thereby, meltdown temperature can be improved.
- hydrophilization treatment monomer grafting, surfactant treatment, corona discharge treatment, etc. can be performed to hydrophilize the microporous membrane.
- the monomer grafting treatment is preferably performed after ionizing radiation.
- any of a nonionic surfactant, a cationic surfactant, an anionic surfactant or an amphoteric surfactant can be used.
- a nonionic surfactant it is preferable to use a nonionic surfactant.
- the surfactant is made into an aqueous solution or a solution of a lower alcohol such as methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, and dipped or hydrophilized by a method using a doctor blade. The microporous membrane that has been hydrophilized is then dried.
- the method of performing heat treatment while preventing shrinkage include a method of performing heat treatment while stretching.
- microporous membrane of the present invention can be subjected to known surface treatments such as a corona treatment machine, a plasma treatment machine, an ozone treatment machine, and a flame treatment machine.
- thermoplastic resin (a) and the polyolefin (b) and, if necessary, other blending components so that the melting point of the thermoplastic resin +10 Melting and kneading is preferably performed at a temperature not lower than ° C., more preferably at a set temperature in the range of melting point +10 to melting point + 100 ° C., more preferably in the range of melting point +20 to melting point + 50 ° C.
- the apparatus used for melt kneading is preferably performed in an extruder having a die attached to the tip.
- the ratio (discharge amount / screw rotation number) between the discharge amount (kg / hr) of the blended component and the screw rotation speed (rpm) is preferably 0.02 to 2.0 (kg / hr / rpm), more preferably 0.05 to 0.8 (kg / hr / rpm), and even more preferably 0.07 to 0.2 (kg / hr / rpm). .
- thermoplastic resin (a) is uniformly finely dispersed using the polyolefin (b) as a matrix
- the film thickness in the sheeting process becomes uniform.
- the die hole diameter / strand diameter is preferably 1.1 or more, more preferably 1.1 to 3, and further preferably 1.5 to 2.
- the strands are cut by a known method to form pellets, powders, plates, fibers, strands, films or sheets, pipes, hollows, boxes, etc.
- a resin composition ( ⁇ ′) containing the thermoplastic resin (a) having a needle-like structure can be obtained.
- the shape is preferably in the form of pellets from the viewpoint of handling properties such as storage and transportation, and also from the viewpoint that it can be easily and uniformly dispersed during the kneading in the step (2 ').
- the die hole diameter refers to the diameter of the discharge nozzle of the die.
- the charging ratio of the thermoplastic resin (a) to the polyolefin (b) is the thermoplasticity relative to the total mass (a + b) of the thermoplastic resin (a) and the polyolefin (b).
- the resin (a) is preferably in the range of 1 to 73% by mass
- the polyolefin (b) is preferably in the range of 99 to 27% by mass
- the thermoplastic resin (a) is in the range of 10 to 60% by mass.
- the polyolefin (b) is more preferably in the range of 90 to 40% by mass. In the said range, since the dispersibility of the thermoplastic resin (a) with respect to polyolefin (b) becomes favorable, it is preferable.
- the charging ratio of the compatibilizer (c) is: With respect to the total mass (a + b + c) of the thermoplastic resin (a), polyolefin (b), and compatibilizer (c), the total mass (a + b) of the thermoplastic resin (a) and polyolefin (b) is 97 to The range is preferably 90% by mass, and the compatibilizer (c) is preferably in the range of 3 to 10% by mass.
- thermoplastic resin (a) is contained in the polyolefin (b) at a high concentration (for example, 40 to 73% by mass), the thermoplastic resin (a) relative to the polyolefin (b) This is preferable because the compatibility and dispersibility of the resin are good.
- a lubricant as other blending components, a lubricant, an antiblocking agent, an antistatic agent, an antioxidant other than the above components (a) to (c) as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- known and conventional additives such as light stabilizers and fillers can be appropriately blended.
- an antioxidant is added in an amount of 0.01 to 5 to 100 parts by mass of the polyolefin (b) to prevent seizure of the polyolefin. It is preferable to add in the range of parts by mass.
- the resin composition ( ⁇ ′) obtained in the step (1 ′) and the pore-forming agent (d1) or the ⁇ crystal nucleating agent (d2) are heated to a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point of the polyolefin (b) and the heat.
- the charging ratio between the resin composition ( ⁇ ′) and the hole forming agent (d1) is set so that the resin composition ( ⁇ ′) and the hole forming agent are formed.
- the resin composition ( ⁇ ′) is in the range of 30 to 80% by mass and the pore-forming agent (d1) is in the range of 70 to 20% by mass with respect to the total mass ( ⁇ ′ + d1) with the agent (d1). More preferably, the resin composition ( ⁇ ′) is in the range of 50 to 70% by mass, and the pore-forming agent (d1) is more preferably in the range of 50 to 30% by mass.
- the hole forming agent (d1) may be added before the start of kneading in the step (2 ′) or may be added from the middle of the extruder during the kneading, but it is added in advance before the kneading starts to form a solution. preferable. In kneading, it is preferable to add an antioxidant in order to prevent oxidation of the polyolefin.
- Crystal nucleating agent (d2) As the ⁇ crystal nucleating agent used in the present invention, those similar to those used in the production method 1 can be used.
- the charging ratio of the ⁇ crystal nucleating agent (d2) in the resin composition ( ⁇ ′) is not particularly limited as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- the range is 0.0001 to 10 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polyolefin (b) in the resin composition ( ⁇ ′).
- the range of 0.001 to 5 parts by mass is more preferable, and the range of 0.01 to 1 part by mass is most preferable.
- ⁇ crystals can be generated and grown, and sufficient ⁇ activity can be secured even when used as a separator, and the desired air permeation performance is obtained. If it is at most parts, bleeding of the ⁇ crystal nucleating agent can be suppressed, which is preferable.
- the polyolefin (e) in the step (2 ′), can be further blended and diluted with the resin composition ( ⁇ ′) obtained in the step (1 ′).
- the charging ratio is determined based on the thermoplastic resin (a), the polyolefin (b) and the polyolefin (e) contained in the resin composition ( ⁇ ′).
- the thermoplastic resin (a) is in the range of 1 to 73% by mass and the total mass (b + e) of the polyolefin (b) and the polyolefin (e) is 99 to 27 parts by mass with respect to the total mass (a + b + e) of
- the thermoplastic resin (a) is preferably in the range of 5 to 60% by mass, the total mass (b + e) is more preferably in the range of 95 to 40% by mass, and the thermoplastic resin ( More preferably, the total mass (b + e) is in the range of 80 to 60 mass% with respect to a) of 20 to 40 mass%.
- known and conventional additives such as a light stabilizer, a crystal nucleus material, and a filler can be appropriately blended.
- the kneading temperature is not lower than the melting point of the polyolefin (b) and not higher than the melting point of the thermoplastic resin (a), and the molten polyolefin (b) and the thermoplastic resin having a needle-like structure (a)
- the melting point of the polyolefin (b) plus 10 ° C. or more and the melting point of the thermoplastic resin (a) minus 10 ° C. or less are preferable.
- the polyolefin (e) when blended, it may be higher than the melting point of the higher one of the polyolefin (b) and the polyolefin (e), but the higher of the polyolefin (b) and the polyolefin (e).
- the melting point of the thermoplastic resin (a) is preferably within the range of the melting point plus 10 ° C. or more and the melting point minus 10 ° C. or less.
- the kneading method is not particularly limited, but it is preferably performed by uniformly kneading in an extruder, and further, since the subsequent step (3) can be continuously performed, More preferably, it is carried out in an extruder equipped with a sheet die such as a T die.
- the ratio (discharge amount / screw rotation number) of the discharge amount (kg / hr) of the blended component and the screw rotation speed (rpm) is preferably 0.02 to 2.0 ( kg / hr / rpm), more preferably 0.05 to 0.8 (kg / hr / rpm), even more preferably 0.07 to 0.2 (kg / hr / rpm). Perform under conditions.
- thermoplastic resin (a) when the thermoplastic resin (a) is added using the polyolefin (b) and the polyolefin (e) as a matrix, and the pore-forming agent (d1) or the ⁇ -crystal nucleating agent (d2) is further added, the pore-forming agent (d1 ) Or ⁇ -crystal nucleating agent (d2) can be uniformly dispersed in a sea-island structure, resulting in not only uniform film thickness in the sheeting process, but also uniform pore distribution and A microporous film having a fine pore diameter can be formed.
- the melt-kneaded product ( ⁇ ′) is in the form of pellets, powders, plates, fibers, strands, films or sheets, pipes, hollows, boxes, etc. It can be cooled into pellets once it has been molded into a shape, etc., but from the viewpoint of productivity, it can be melted and kneaded using an extruder with a T die attached to the tip, directly or by using another extruder. Therefore, it is preferable to continuously perform the subsequent step (3 ′).
- the present invention provides a step (3 ′) of obtaining a sheet ( ⁇ ) containing a thermoplastic resin (a) having a needle-like structure by forming a sheet of the kneaded product ( ⁇ ′) heated to the melting point of the polyolefin (b) or higher.
- melt-kneaded melt-kneaded product ( ⁇ ′) is once cooled and pelletized, it is extruded from the die again through an extruder or directly or through another extruder, cast roll or roll take-up machine, etc. Take over with the roll.
- a sheet die having a rectangular base shape is preferably used, but a double cylindrical hollow die, an inflation die, or the like can also be used.
- the die gap is preferably preferably 0.1 to 5 mm, and at the time of extrusion, this is a temperature not lower than the melting point of the polyolefin (b) and not higher than the melting point of the thermoplastic resin (a), more preferably.
- the melting point of the polyolefin (b) is preferably within the range of the melting point plus 10 ° C. or more and the melting point minus 10 ° C. or less.
- the polyolefin (e) is blended, it may be higher than the melting point of the higher one of the polyolefin (b) and the polyolefin (e), but the higher of the polyolefin (b) and the polyolefin (e).
- the melting point of the thermoplastic resin (a) is preferably within the range of the melting point plus 10 ° C. or more and the melting point minus 10 ° C. or less. Specifically, it is preferable to heat in the range of 140 to 250 ° C.
- the extrusion rate of the heated solution is preferably in the range of 0.2 to 15 (m / min).
- the sheet ( ⁇ ) is formed by cooling the melt-kneaded product ( ⁇ ′) thus extruded from the die. Cooling is preferably performed at a rate of 50 ° C./min or more at least up to the gelation temperature or less. Moreover, it is preferable to cool to 25 degrees C or less.
- the phase which consists of polyolefin gelatinizes
- distributed to the polyolefin phase can be fixed.
- the cooling rate is less than 50 ° C./min, the degree of crystallinity increases and it is difficult to obtain a sheet suitable for stretching.
- the draft ratio ((roll take-up speed) / (flow rate of the resin flowing out from the die lip converted from the density)) is preferably 10 to 600 times, more preferably 20 from the viewpoint of air permeability and moldability. It is ⁇ 500 times, more preferably 30 to 400 times.
- Step (4) and other processing steps thereafter can be performed in the same manner as in production method 1.
- the microporous membrane of the present invention is obtained by melt-kneading the thermoplastic resin (a) and the polyolefin at a temperature higher by 10 ° C. or more than the melting point of the thermoplastic resin (a) in both of the above production methods 1 and 2.
- the thermoplastic resin (a) can be formed into needles.
- the microporous membrane of the present invention is characterized in that the thermoplastic resin (a) having a needle-like structure is uniformly dispersed in a polyolefin as a matrix, and further, the thermoplastic resin (a) having a matrix and a needle-like structure is further provided. It is preferable to form a morphology in which the interfaces of the microporous membranes are in close contact with each other because the thermal shrinkage of the microporous membrane can be suppressed and the thermal shrinkage can be further improved.
- the microporous membrane according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention has the following physical properties.
- the thickness of the microporous membrane obtained by the production method of the present invention is not particularly limited, and may be in the range of 5 to 200 ⁇ m required for its use, but generally 5 to 50 ⁇ m. More preferably, it is 8 to 40 ⁇ m, still more preferably 10 to 30 ⁇ m.
- Gurley air permeability is in the range of 50 to 800 s / 100 ml.
- the shutdown temperature is in the range of 130 to 150 ° C.
- the heat shrinkage rate at 200 ° C. is 30% or less before heat setting and 25% or less after heat setting.
- As the mechanical strength for example, the tensile strength is 20 MPa or more.
- the film thickness unevenness of the sheet is small, and breakage during hot stretching can be prevented.
- the microporous membrane of the present invention has an excellent balance of compression resistance, heat resistance and permeability, it can be suitably used as a separator used in non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries such as lithium ion secondary batteries. It can be more suitably used as a single-layer separator for a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
- a sheet was prepared with the composition excluding the pore-forming agent (d1), and the thermal shrinkage rate and mechanical strength were measured by the following methods.
- the resin does not depend on factors depending on the type and amount of the pore-forming agent (d1) not included in the microporous membrane, and on structural factors such as the shape and density of the microporous material formed by the pore-forming agent.
- the performance relating to the resin composition of the composition ( ⁇ ) itself was evaluated.
- Examples 1 to 8 Comparative Examples 1 to 3
- Polyphenylene sulfide resin, polyolefin resin-1 and thermoplastic elastomer shown in Tables 1 to 3 below were uniformly mixed with a tumbler to obtain a compounding material.
- the blended material is put into a twin screw extruder with a vent (“TEX-30” manufactured by Nippon Steel Co., Ltd.) and melt kneaded (resin component discharge rate 20 kg / hr, screw rotation speed 350 rpm, resin component discharge rate) 0.057 (kg / hr / rpm) at a maximum torque of 60 (A), the set resin temperature is shown in Tables 1 to 3 “Step 1: Cylinder temperature”, and the die hole diameter is 3 mm.
- a strand is prepared while cutting so that the die hole diameter (nozzle diameter) and the strand diameter (that is, the strand diameter) are the “die hole diameter / strand diameter” in Tables 1 to 3, and the resin composition pellets are cut and prepared.
- the strand diameter is a value obtained by measuring the diameter of the pellet after cutting using a caliper.
- melt kneaded material was prepared by referring to the following Tables 1 to 3 “Step 2: Cylinder temperature”.
- T-die extrusion was performed to a film thickness of 0.1 mm, and with a cooling roll temperature-controlled at 80 ° C., the gap (lip width) of the lip portion of the T-die and the film thickness of the gel sheet were Table 1 to 3 were cooled while being drawn so as to satisfy “lip width / sheet thickness” to prepare gel-like sheets.
- the thickness of the sheet or film was measured using a film thickness meter (a Digimatic indicator “ID-130M” manufactured by Mitutoyo Corporation).
- the obtained gel-like sheet was cut out to 60 mm ⁇ 60 mm, set in a biaxial stretching test apparatus, heated from room temperature to 120 ° C., and then perpendicular to the flow direction (MD) and MD when formed into a sheet. Simultaneously biaxial stretching was performed so that the stretching ratio in the direction (TD) was 3 times to obtain a stretched sheet.
- the obtained stretched sheet was heat-set at 125 ° C. for 10 minutes while being held by a tenter stretching machine to produce a sheet specimen having a thickness of 0.03 mm.
- the sheet test piece was cut with a cryomicrotome in the flow direction (MD) and the vertical direction (TD) when the sheet was formed, and this cut section was scanned with a scanning electron microscope (SEM-EDS “JSM-” manufactured by JEOL Ltd.). 6360A "), arbitrary 10 points in the image were extracted, and the shape was observed.
- SEM-EDS “JSM-” manufactured by JEOL Ltd. 6360A "
- arbitrary 10 points in the image were extracted, and the shape was observed.
- the longest part of the PPS resin particles was defined as the long side
- the length in the direction perpendicular to the long side at a distance half the long side was defined as the short side
- the number average of the long side / short side was calculated as the aspect ratio.
- a microporous film was prepared by the following method, and the film thickness, air permeability, and shutdown temperature were measured by the following method.
- Example 9 to 16 Comparative Examples 4 to 6
- Polyphenylene sulfide resin, polyolefin resin-1 and thermoplastic elastomer shown in Tables 4 to 6 below were uniformly mixed with a tumbler to obtain a compounding material.
- the blended material is put into a twin screw extruder with a vent (“TEX-30” manufactured by Nippon Steel Co., Ltd.) and melt kneaded (resin component discharge rate 20 kg / hr, screw rotation speed 350 rpm, resin component discharge rate) 0.057 (kg / hr / rpm) at a maximum torque of 60 (A), the set resin temperature is shown in Tables 4 to 6 “Step 1: Cylinder temperature”, and the die hole diameter is 3 mm. Strands were prepared while being pulled so as to have a diameter of 4 to 6 “die hole diameter / strand diameter” and cut to obtain pellets of the resin composition.
- TEX-30 manufactured by Nippon Steel Co., Ltd.
- pellets of the resin composition obtained in the above step, polyolefin resin-2 described in Tables 4 to 6, and pore forming agent (mixed in equal amounts of liquid paraffin and bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate)
- resin component A melt kneaded material was prepared with a discharge amount of 0.075 (kg / hr / rpm), a maximum torque of 60 (A), and a set resin temperature of the following Tables 4 to 6 “Step 2: Cylinder temperature”.
- T-die extrusion was performed to a film thickness of 0.1 mm, and cooling was performed while taking up the lip width / sheet thickness of Tables 4 to 6 with a cooling roll adjusted to 80 ° C. to form a gel. A sheet was produced.
- the obtained gel-like sheet was cut out to 60 mm ⁇ 60 mm, set in a biaxial stretching test apparatus, heated from room temperature to 120 ° C., and then perpendicular to the flow direction (MD) and MD when formed into a sheet. Simultaneously biaxial stretching was performed so that the stretching ratio in the direction (TD) was 3 times to obtain a stretched sheet.
- the obtained stretched sheet is fixed to a 20 cm ⁇ 20 cm aluminum frame, and then contains methylene chloride (surface tension 27.3 mN / m (25 ° C.), boiling point 40.0 ° C.) adjusted to 25 ° C.
- Gurley air permeability The Gurley air permeability of the microporous film was measured according to JIS-P8117 “Paper and paperboard—Air permeability and air resistance test method (intermediate region) —Gurley method”. The results are shown in Tables 4-6.
- the microporous membrane was exposed to a hot air dryer set to a predetermined temperature for 1 minute, and the temperature at which the Gurley air permeability was 10,000 s / 100 ml or more was defined as the shutdown temperature.
- the results are shown in Tables 4-6.
- thermoplastic elastomer made of ethylene / glycidyl methacrylate (88/12 mass%) copolymer
- Compatibilizer (c2) Copolymer obtained by grafting polystyrene at a mass ratio of 7: 3 to “Modiper A4100” (ethylene / glycidyl methacrylate (85/15 mass%) copolymer manufactured by NOF Corporation)
- PPS resin having a needle-like structure 1 ′ PPS resin having a spherical structure
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Abstract
Description
本発明に用いる熱可塑性樹脂としては、融点が220℃以上、好ましくは220~390℃の範囲の、いわゆる汎用エンジニアリングプラスチックないしスーパーエンジニアリングプラスチックなどの熱可塑性樹脂が挙げられ、具体的にはポリアミド6(6-ナイロン)、ポリアミド66(6,6-ナイロン)またはポリアミド12(12-ナイロン)などの脂肪族骨格を有するポリアミドや、ポリアミド6T(6T-ナイロン、ポリアミド9T(9T-ナイロン)などの芳香族骨格を有するポリアミドなど融点が220℃以上、好ましくは220~310℃の範囲であるポリアミドや、ポリブチレンテレフタレート、ポリイソブチレンテレフタレート、ポリエチレンテレフタレートまたはポリシクロヘキセンテレフタレートなどの融点が220℃以上、好ましくは220~280℃の範囲であるポリエステル樹脂や、融点が265℃以上、好ましくは265~350℃の範囲、さらに好ましくは280~300℃の範囲であるポリフェニレンスルフィドに代表されるポリアリーレンスルフィドや、融点が300~390℃の範囲であるポリエーテルエーテルケトンや、パラヒドロキシ安息香酸を骨格中に有する融点が300℃以上、好ましくは300℃~熱分解温度(380℃)未満である液晶ポリマーや、融点が220以上、好ましくは220~280℃の範囲であるシンジオタクチックポリスチレン等の融点が220~390℃の範囲の熱可塑性樹脂が挙げられ、このうち、優れた難燃性や寸法安定性を有するポリアリーレンスルフィドが好ましい。
本発明の微多孔膜に用いるポリオレフィンとしてはその種類に限定はなく、例えばエチレン、プロピレン、ブテン、メチルペンテン、ヘキセン、オクテン等のモノマーを原料として重合して得られるホモ重合体、共重合体または多段重合体等が挙げられ、また、2種以上の異なるホモ重合体、共重合体または多段重合体を混合して用いることもできる。
本発明は、必要に応じて相溶化剤を使用することができ、これによりポリオレフィンと熱可塑性樹脂の相溶性を向上させることができ好ましい。相溶化剤としては前記熱可塑性樹脂の末端と反応性を有する官能基を有する熱可塑性エラストマーが好ましい。さらに、融点が300℃以下であり、室温でゴム弾性を有する熱可塑性エラストマーがより好ましい。中でも、耐熱性、混合の容易さの点で、ガラス転移点が-40℃以下の熱可塑性エラストマーが低温でもゴム弾性を有するため好ましい。前記ガラス転移点は、低いほど好ましい傾向にあるものの、通常、-180~-40℃の範囲のものが好ましく、-150~-40℃の範囲のものが特に好ましい。
(製法1)融点が220℃以上の熱可塑性樹脂(以下、製法1および製法2において 融点が220℃以上の熱可塑性樹脂(a) と記す)とポリオレフィン(以下、製法1および製法2において ポリオレフィン(b) と記す)とを、先端にダイを取り付けた押出機内で前記熱可塑性樹脂(a)の融点以上の温度で溶融混練して、樹脂組成物(以下、製法1において 樹脂組成物(α) 記す)を得る工程(1)、得られた樹脂組成物(α)と孔形成剤(d1)又はβ晶核剤(d2)とを前記熱可塑性樹脂(a)の融点+10℃以上の温度で溶融混練して、溶融混練物(β)を得る工程(2)、前記熱可塑性樹脂(a)の融点+10℃以上の温度の溶融混練物(β)をシート化して、針状構造を有する熱可塑性樹脂(a)を含むシート(γ)を得る工程(3)、得られたシート(γ)を多孔質化する工程(4)、を有する微多孔膜の製造方法によって、または、
(製法2)融点が220℃以上の熱可塑性樹脂(a)とポリオレフィン(b)とを、先端にダイを取り付けた押出機内で前記熱可塑性樹脂(a)の融点+10℃以上の温度で溶融混練した後、ダイ穴径/ストランド径が1.1以上となるよう引き取りながらストランドを形成した後、切断し針状構造を有する熱可塑性樹脂(a)を含む樹脂組成物(以下、製法2において 樹脂組成物(α’) と記す)を得る工程(1’)、得られた樹脂組成物(α’)と孔形成剤(d1)又はβ晶核剤(d2)とを前記ポリオレフィン(b)の融点以上の温度且つ前記熱可塑性樹脂(a)の融点以下の温度で混練して、混練物(以下、製法2において 混練物(β’) と記す)を得る工程(2’)、前記ポリオレフィン(b)の融点以上の温度且つ前記熱可塑性樹脂(a)の融点以下の温度の混練物(β’)をシート化して針状構造を有する熱可塑性樹脂(a)を含むシート(γ)を得る工程(3’)、得られたシート(γ)を多孔質化する工程(4)、を有する微多孔膜の製造方法によって得られる。
工程(1)
本発明は、融点が220℃以上の熱可塑性樹脂(a)とポリオレフィン(b)とを、前記熱可塑性樹脂(a)の融点以上の温度で溶融混練して、樹脂組成物(α)を得る工程(1)、を有する。
本発明は、得られた樹脂組成物(α)と孔形成剤(d1)又はβ晶核剤(d2)とを前記熱可塑性樹脂(a)の融点+10℃以上の温度で溶融混練して、溶融混練物(β)を得る工程(2)、を有する。
孔形成剤(d1)としては、公知慣用のものを使用できるが、後述する該シート(γ)を多孔質化する工程(4)において使用する溶媒に対して溶解するものであれば特に限定されることなく、例えば、炭酸カルシウムの微粒子が好ましいが、硫酸マグネシウムの微粒子、酸化カルシウムの微粒子、水酸化カルシウムの微粒子、シリカの微粒子などの無機微粒子や、室温で固体または液体の溶剤を用いることもできる。
本発明で用いるβ晶核剤としては、以下に示すものが挙げられるが、ポリプロピレン系樹脂のβ晶の生成・成長を増加させるものであれば特に限定される訳ではなく、また2種類以上を混合して用いても良い。
工程(2)において、工程(1)で得られた樹脂組成物(α)に対し、さらにポリオレフィン(以下、ポリオレフィン(e)と記す)を配合し、希釈することもできる。ポリオレフィン(e)としてはその種類に限定はなく、前記ポリオレフィン(b)と同様のものを用いることができる。
本発明は、前記熱可塑性樹脂(a)の融点+10℃以上に加熱した溶融混練物(β)をシート化してシート(γ)を得る工程(3)、を有する。
本発明は、工程(3)で得られたシート(γ)を多孔質化する工程(4)、を有する。
β晶核剤(d2)を用いる場合において、延伸工程においては、縦方向又は横方向に一軸延伸してもよいし、二軸延伸であってもよい。また、二軸延伸を行う場合は同時二軸延伸であってもよいし、逐次二軸延伸であってもよい。本発明のポリオレフィン系樹脂多孔フィルムを作製する場合には、各延伸工程で延伸条件を選択でき、かつ多孔構造を制御し易い逐次二軸延伸がより好ましい。
逐次二軸延伸を用いる場合、延伸温度は用いる樹脂組成物の組成、結晶融解ピーク温度、結晶化度等によって適時変える必要があるが、縦延伸での延伸温度は概ね0~130℃が好ましく、より好ましくは10~120℃、更に好ましくは20~110℃の範囲で制御される。また、縦延伸倍率は2~10倍が好ましく、より好ましくは3~8倍、更に好ましくは4~7倍である。前記範囲内で縦延伸を行うことで、延伸時の破断を抑制しつつ、適度な空孔起点を発現させることができる。
工程(4)を経て得られた膜は、乾燥処理、熱処理、架橋処理または親水化処理などといった公知の後処理工程を施すことができる。
乾燥処理としては、加熱乾燥法又は風乾法等により乾燥する方法を挙げることができる。乾燥温度は、ポリオレフィンの結晶分散温度以下の温度であるのが好ましく、特に結晶分散温度より5℃以上低い温度であるのが好ましい。
工程(1’)
本発明は、融点が220℃以上の熱可塑性樹脂(a)とポリオレフィン(b)とを、先端にダイを取り付けた押出機内で前記熱可塑性樹脂(a)の融点以上の温度で溶融混練した後、ダイ穴径/ストランド径が1.1以上となるよう引き取りながらストランドを形成した後、切断し針状構造を有する熱可塑性樹脂(a)を含む樹脂組成物(α’)を得る工程(1’)、を有する。
本発明は、工程(1’)で得られた樹脂組成物(α’)と孔形成剤(d1)又はβ晶核剤(d2)とを前記ポリオレフィン(b)の融点以上の温度且つ前記熱可塑性樹脂(a)の融点以下の温度で、溶融したポリオレフィン(b)と針状構造を有する熱可塑性樹脂(a)とを混練して、混練物(β’)を得る工程(2’)、を有する。
孔形成剤(d1)としては、前記製法1で用いたものと同様のものを用いることができる。
本発明で用いるβ晶核剤としては、前記製法1で用いたものと同様のものを用いることができる。
工程(2’)において、工程(1’)で得られた樹脂組成物(α’)に対し、さらにポリオレフィン(e)を配合し、希釈することもできる。
本発明は、前記ポリオレフィン(b)の融点以上に加熱した混練物(β’)をシート化して、針状構造を有する熱可塑性樹脂(a)を含むシート(γ)を得る工程(3’)、を有する。
なお、工程(4)およびその後のその他の処理工程は、製法1と同様に行うことができる。
本発明の微多孔膜は、上記の製法1および製法2いずれの場合も、熱可塑性樹脂(a)およびポリオレフィンを熱可塑性樹脂(a)の融点よりも10℃以上高い温度で溶融混練し、さらに溶融状態にあるポリオレフィンと熱可塑性樹脂(a)に応力を加えることによって熱可塑性樹脂(a)の針状化を図ることができる。本発明の微多孔膜は、ポリオレフィンをマトリックスとして針状構造の熱可塑性樹脂(a)が均一に分散している点に特徴を有するが、さらに、マトリックスと針状構造の熱可塑性樹脂(a)の界面が密着したモルフォロジーを形成させることが微多孔膜の熱収縮を抑制し、耐熱収縮性をより一層向上させることが可能となるため好ましい。
(1)本発明の製造方法により得られた微多孔膜の厚さは特に制限はなく、その用途において求められる厚さ5~200μmの範囲であればよいが、一般的には、5~50μm、より好ましくは8~40μm、更に好ましくは10~30μmである。
(2)ガーレー透気度が50~800s/100mlの範囲である。
(3)シャットダウン温度が、130~150℃の範囲である。
このような微多孔膜を得るためには、微多孔を形成する前の中間材料であるシート材料として、
(4)200℃における熱収縮率が熱セット前で30%以下、熱セット後で25%以下である。
(5)機械的強度として、例えば、引張強さが20MPa以上である。
(6)シートの膜厚ムラが少なく、熱延伸時の破断を防ぐことができる。
以下の方法で、孔形成剤(d1)分を除いた組成分でシートを調製し、熱収縮率および機械的強度を以下の方法で測定した。これにより、微多孔膜には含まれない孔形成剤(d1)の種類や使用量による因子、さらには孔形成剤によって形成される微多孔の形状、密度といった構造的因子に因らない、樹脂組成物(α)自身の樹脂組成に関する性能を評価した。
下記表1~3に示したポリフェニレンスルフィド樹脂、ポリオレフィン樹脂-1、熱可塑性エラストマーをタンブラーで均一に混合し、配合材料とした。その後、ベント付き2軸押出機(株式会社日本製鋼所製「TEX-30」)に前記配合材料を投入し、溶融混練(樹脂成分吐出量20kg/hr、スクリュー回転数350rpm、樹脂成分の吐出量0.057(kg/hr/rpm)の割合で、最大トルク60(A)、設定樹脂温度は下表1~3「工程1:シリンダ温度」参照、ダイ穴径は3mm)し、続いて、ダイの穴径(ノズル径)とストランドの直径(すなわちストランド径)とが、表1~3「ダイ穴径/ストランド径」となるよう引き取りながらストランドを調製し、切断して樹脂組成物のペレットを得た。なお、ストランド径は、切断後のペレットの直径をノギスを使用して測定した値である。
実施例1~8および比較例1~3で得られたシート試験片を、JIS-K7127「プラスチック-引張特性の試験方法」に準拠し、試験片タイプ5のダンベル形状に打ち抜き、引張強さを測定した。その結果を、表1~3に示した。
実施例1~8および比較例1~3で得られたシート試験片を50mm×50mmに裁断し、JIS-K7133「プラスチック-フィルム及びシート-加熱寸法変化測定方法」に準拠した方法で熱収縮率を測定した。その結果を、表1~3に示した。
シート試験片を、シート化した際の流れ方向(MD)と垂直方向(TD)にクライオミクロトームにて切削した後、この切削断面を走査型電子顕微鏡(日本電子株式会社製SEM-EDS「JSM-6360A」)にて観察し、画像中の任意の10点を抽出して形状を観察した。その際、PPS樹脂粒子の最も長い部分を長辺とし、長辺の半分の距離において長辺と垂直方向の長さを短辺として、長辺/短辺の数平均をアスペクト比として算出した。
下記表4~6に示したポリフェニレンスルフィド樹脂、ポリオレフィン樹脂-1、熱可塑性エラストマーをタンブラーで均一に混合し、配合材料とした。その後、ベント付き2軸押出機(株式会社日本製鋼所製「TEX-30」)に前記配合材料を投入し、溶融混練(樹脂成分吐出量20kg/hr、スクリュー回転数350rpm、樹脂成分の吐出量0.057(kg/hr/rpm)の割合で、最大トルク60(A)、設定樹脂温度は下表4~6「工程1:シリンダ温度」参照、ダイ穴径は3mm)し、続いて表4~6「ダイ穴径/ストランド径」となるよう引き取りながらストランドを調製し、切断して樹脂組成物のペレットを得た。
JIS-P8117「紙及び板紙-透気度及び透気抵抗度試験方法(中間領域)-ガーレー法」に準拠し、微多孔膜のガーレー透気度を測定した。その結果を、表4~6に記載した。
微多孔膜を所定の温度に設定した熱風乾燥機中に1分間さらし、ガーレー透気度が10000s/100ml以上になる温度をシャットダウン温度とした。その結果を、表4~6に記載した。
PPS(a1) DIC株式会社製「MA-520」、リニア型、V6溶融粘度150〔Pa・s〕
PPS(a2) DIC株式会社製「MA-505」、リニア型、V6溶融粘度45〔Pa・s〕
ポリオレフィン(b1) プライムポリマー株式会社製「HI-ZEX 5305EP」、MI=0.8(g/10min)
ポリオレフィン(b2) プライムポリマー株式会社製「HI-ZEX 3600F」、MI=1.0(g/10min)
相溶化剤(c1) 住友化学株式会社製「ボンドファースト-E」(エチレン/グリシジルメタクリレート(88/12質量%)共重合体からなる熱可塑性エラストマー)
相溶化剤(c2) 日油株式会社製「モディパーA4100」(エチレン/グリシジルメタクリレート(85/15質量%)共重合体に対し、ポリスチレンを質量比で7:3の割合でグラフトさせた共重合体からなる熱可塑性エラストマー)
ポリオレフィン(e1) プライムポリマー株式会社製「HI-ZEX 5305EP」、MI=0.8(g/10min)
1’:球状構造を有するPPS樹脂
Claims (23)
- 融点が220℃以上の熱可塑性樹脂とポリオレフィンと含む微多孔膜であって、前記熱可塑性樹脂が針状構造を有することを特徴とする微多孔膜。
- 前記熱可塑性樹脂はアスペクト比が1.1~100の範囲である請求項1記載の微多孔膜。
- 前記熱可塑性樹脂とポリオレフィンとの組成比率が、前記熱可塑性樹脂とポリオレフィンの合計質量に対して、前記熱可塑性樹脂が1~73質量%の範囲であり、前記ポリオレフィンが99~27質量%の範囲である請求項1記載の微多孔膜。
- 前記熱可塑性樹脂とポリオレフィンに加え、さらに相溶化剤を含有する請求項1記載の微多孔膜。
- 熱可塑性樹脂とポリオレフィンと相溶化剤との組成比率が、前記熱可塑性樹脂とポリオレフィンと相溶化剤との合計質量に対し、熱可塑性樹脂とポリオレフィンの合計質量が90~97質量%の範囲、かつ相溶化剤が10~3質量%の範囲である請求項4記載の微多孔膜。
- 前記相溶化剤は、前記熱可塑性樹脂と反応性を有する官能基を有する熱可塑性エラストマーである請求項1記載の微多孔膜。
- 請求項1~6のいずれか一項記載の微多孔膜からなる電池用セパレータ。
- 前記電池用セパレータが非水電解質二次電池用単層セパレータである請求項7記載の電池用セパレータ。
- 融点が220℃以上の熱可塑性樹脂(a)とポリオレフィン(b)とを、前記熱可塑性樹脂(a)の融点以上の温度で溶融混練して、樹脂組成物(α)を得る工程(1)、得られた樹脂組成物(α)と孔形成剤(d1)又はβ晶核剤(d2)とを、前記熱可塑性樹脂(a)の融点+10℃以上の温度で溶融混練して、溶融混練物(β)を得る工程(2)、前記熱可塑性樹脂(a)の融点+10℃以上の温度に加熱した溶融混練物(β)をシート化して、針状構造を有する熱可塑性樹脂(a)を含むシート(γ)を得る工程(3)、得られたシート(γ)を多孔質化する工程(4)、を有することを特徴とする微多孔膜の製造方法。
- 融点が220℃以上の熱可塑性樹脂(a)とポリオレフィン(b)とを、先端にダイを取り付けた押出機内で前記熱可塑性樹脂(a)の融点+10℃以上の温度で溶融混練した後、ダイ穴径/ストランド径が1.1以上となるよう引き取りながらストランドを形成した後、切断して、針状構造を有する熱可塑性樹脂(a)を含む樹脂組成物(α’)を得る工程(1’)、得られた樹脂組成物(α’)と孔形成剤(d1)又はβ晶核剤(d2)とを、前記ポリオレフィン(b)の融点以上の温度且つ前記熱可塑性樹脂(a)の融点以下の温度で混練して、混練物(β’)を得る工程(2’)、前記ポリオレフィン(b)の融点以上の温度且つ前記熱可塑性樹脂(a)の融点以下の温度に加熱した混練物(β’)をシート化して針状構造を有する熱可塑性樹脂(a)を含むシート(γ)を得る工程(3’)、得られたシート(γ)を多孔質化する工程(4)、を有することを特徴とする微多孔膜の製造方法。
- 前記工程(1)または(1’)において、前記熱可塑性樹脂(a)とポリオレフィン(b)の仕込比率が、前記熱可塑性樹脂(a)とポリオレフィン(b)の合計質量に対して、前記熱可塑性樹脂(a)が1~73質量%の範囲であり、かつポリオレフィン(b)が99~27質量%の範囲である請求項9または10記載の微多孔膜の製造方法。
- 前記工程(2)または(2’)において、
前記樹脂組成物(α)または前記樹脂組成物(α’)と孔形成剤(d1)との仕込比率が、前記樹脂組成物(α)または前記樹脂組成物(α’)と孔形成剤(d1)との合計質量に対して、前記樹脂組成物(α)または前記樹脂組成物(α’)が30~80質量%の範囲であり、かつ孔形成剤(d1)が70~20質量%の範囲であるか、
または、
前記樹脂組成物(α)または前記樹脂組成物(α’)中のポリオレフィン(b)100質量部に対して、前記β晶核剤が0.0001~10質量部の範囲である、
請求項9または10記載の微多孔膜の製造方法。 - 前記工程(2)または(2’)において、前記樹脂組成物(α)または前記樹脂組成物(α’)と孔形成剤(d1)又はβ晶核剤(d2)とに、さらにポリオレフィン(e)を加えて溶融混練する請求項9または10記載の微多孔膜の製造方法。
- 前記工程(2)または(2’)において、前記樹脂組成物(α)中に含まれる前記熱可塑性樹脂(a)と、ポリオレフィン(b)とポリオレフィン(e)の合計質量(a+b+e)に対し、前記熱可塑性樹脂(a)が1~73質量%であり、前記ポリオレフィン(b)とポリオレフィン(e)の合計量(b+e)が99~27質量%の範囲となるようポリオレフィン(e)を加える請求項9または10記載の微多孔膜の製造方法。
- 前記工程(2)が、得られた樹脂組成物(α)と孔形成剤(d1)とを、前記熱可塑性樹脂(a)の融点+10℃以上の温度で溶融混練して、溶融混練物(β)を得る工程、または、前記工程(2’)が、得られた樹脂組成物(α’)と孔形成剤(d1)とを、前記ポリオレフィン(b)の融点以上の温度且つ前記熱可塑性樹脂(a)の融点以下の温度で混練して、混練物(β’)を得る工程であって、かつ、
前記工程(4)が、該シート(γ)を延伸した後に孔形成剤(d1)を除去する工程(4a)、前記シート(γ)から前記孔形成剤(d1)を除去した後に延伸する工程(4b)、または前記シート(γ)を延伸した後に前記孔形成剤(d1)を除去しさらに延伸する工程(4c)である請求項9または10記載の微多孔膜の製造方法。 - 前記工程(1)または(1’)において、前記熱可塑性樹脂(a)とポリオレフィン(b)に、さらに相溶化剤(c)を加えて溶融混練する請求項9または10記載の微多孔膜の製造方法。
- 前記工程(1)または(1’)において、前記熱可塑性樹脂(a)とポリオレフィン(b)と相溶化剤(c)の合計質量(a+b+c)に対して、前記熱可塑性樹脂(a)とポリオレフィン(b)の合計質量(a+b)が90~97質量%の範囲であり、かつ相溶化剤(c)が10~3質量%の範囲である請求項16記載の微多孔膜の製造方法。
- 前記相溶化剤は、前記熱可塑性樹脂(a)と反応性を有する官能基を有する熱可塑性エラストマー(c1)である請求項16記載の微多孔膜の製造方法。
- 前記工程(1)または(1’)において、前記熱可塑性樹脂(a)と前記ポリオレフィン(b)に加え、さらに酸化防止剤を該ポリオレフィン(b)100質量部に対して0.01~5質量部の範囲で加えて溶融混練する請求項9または10記載の微多孔膜の製造方法。
- 前記微多孔膜が電池用セパレータである請求項9~19のいずれか一項記載の微多孔膜の製造方法。
- 前記電池用セパレータが非水電解質二次電池用単層セパレータである請求項20記載の微多孔膜の製造方法。
- 融点が220℃以上の熱可塑性樹脂(a)とポリオレフィン(b)とを、先端にダイを取り付けた押出機内で前記熱可塑性樹脂(a)の融点+10℃以上の温度で溶融混練した後、ダイ穴径/ストランド径が1.1以上となるよう引き取りながらストランドを形成した後、切断して得られる非水電解質二次電池セパレータ用樹脂組成物(α’)であって、熱可塑性樹脂(a)とポリオレフィン(b)との組成比率が、熱可塑性樹脂(a)とポリオレフィン(b)との合計質量(a+b)に対し、前記熱可塑性樹脂(a)が1~73質量%の範囲であり、かつポリオレフィン(b)が99~27質量%の範囲であり、さらに前記熱可塑性樹脂(a)が針状構造を有することを特徴とする非水電解質二次電池セパレータ用樹脂組成物。
- 前記熱可塑性樹脂(a)とポリオレフィン(b)とに加え、さらに相溶化剤(c)を含有し、前記熱可塑性樹脂(a)とポリオレフィン(b)と相溶化剤(c)との組成比率が、前記熱可塑性樹脂(a)とポリオレフィン(b)と相溶化剤(c)との合計質量(a+b+c)に対し、前記熱可塑性樹脂(a)とポリオレフィン(b)との合計質量(a+b)が90~97質量%の範囲であり、かつ相溶化剤(c)が10~3質量%の範囲である請求項22記載の非水電解質二次電池セパレータ用樹脂組成物。
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CN109860481B (zh) * | 2019-01-07 | 2021-06-22 | 常州大学 | 一种pp/pa66复合电池隔膜的制备方法 |
CN114341239B (zh) * | 2019-09-25 | 2023-04-21 | 富士胶片株式会社 | 液晶聚合物薄膜及其制造方法、挠性覆铜层叠板及挠性印制电路板 |
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- 2013-08-29 US US14/424,202 patent/US20150228948A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2013-08-29 KR KR1020157000317A patent/KR20150048103A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2013-08-29 CN CN201380045240.7A patent/CN104583288A/zh active Pending
- 2013-08-29 WO PCT/JP2013/073125 patent/WO2014034771A1/ja active Application Filing
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JP5686229B2 (ja) | 2015-03-18 |
JPWO2014034771A1 (ja) | 2016-08-08 |
TW201412385A (zh) | 2014-04-01 |
KR20150048103A (ko) | 2015-05-06 |
JP5954443B2 (ja) | 2016-07-20 |
CN104583288A (zh) | 2015-04-29 |
JP2015072931A (ja) | 2015-04-16 |
US20150228948A1 (en) | 2015-08-13 |
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