WO2014021149A1 - フェライト焼結磁石の製造方法及びフェライト焼結磁石 - Google Patents
フェライト焼結磁石の製造方法及びフェライト焼結磁石 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a ferrite sintered magnet and a ferrite sintered magnet.
- Patent No. 3181559 the improvement of B r and H cJ of the Ca ferrite, and for improving the temperature characteristics of the H cJ, were replaced with rare earth elements of La such a portion of Ca, Co, etc. for a portion of Fe
- the Ca ferrite having an anisotropic magnetic field H A of 20 kOe or more (hereinafter referred to as “CaLaCo ferrite”), which is replaced by the above, is disclosed.
- This anisotropic magnetic field H A is 10% or more higher than that of the Sr ferrite. It is described that there is.
- CaLaCo ferrite although an anisotropic magnetic field H A in excess of SrLaCo ferrite, B r and H cJ are comparable to SrLaCo ferrite, while the H k / H cJ is very poor, and high H cJ The high H k / H cJ cannot be satisfied, and it has not yet been applied to various uses such as motors.
- CaLaCo ferrite containing a relatively large amount of sintering aid proposed in International Publication No. 2011/001831 improves H cJ specifically, but most of them have H cJ of 360 kA / m (about 4.5 k If it exceeds kOe), H k / H cJ decreases to less than 85%, and it cannot be said that it is sufficient to cope with the reduction in thickness of the sintered ferrite magnet that has been requested in recent years.
- the temperature rising rate in the temperature range of 1100 ° C. to the firing temperature is 1 to 4 ° C./min
- the temperature lowering rate in the temperature range of the firing temperature to 1100 ° C. is 6 ° C./min or more
- the grain boundary phase existing between the three or more main phase becomes fine and scattered to tissue, thereby, it found that improved H cJ while maintaining high B r and a high H k / H cJ
- the present invention has been completed.
- the method for producing a sintered ferrite magnet of the present invention includes a main phase composed of ferrite having a hexagonal M-type magnetoplumbite structure, a first grain boundary phase existing between two main phases, A second grain boundary phase present between two or more main phases, and in any cross section, the second grain boundary phase is interspersed, and the average area of the second grain boundary phase is A method for producing a ferrite sintered magnet that is less than 0.2 ⁇ m 2 ,
- Ca 1-xy La x A y Fe 2n-z Co z indicating the atomic ratio of the metal elements of A element, Fe and Co which are Ca, La, Ba and / or Sr
- 1-xy, x, y and z, and n representing a molar ratio are 0.3 ⁇ 1-xy ⁇ 0.65, 0.3 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.65, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.2, 0.25 ⁇ z ⁇ 0.65, and 4.5 ⁇ n ⁇ 7
- 900 or more of the second grain boundary phases exist within a range of 53 ⁇ 53 ⁇ m 2 in an arbitrary cross section.
- the sintered ferrite magnet of the present invention includes a main phase composed of ferrite having a hexagonal M-type magnetoplumbite structure, a first grain boundary phase existing between two main phases, and three or more main phases.
- a second grain boundary phase existing between, and in any cross section, the second grain boundary phase is interspersed, and the average area of the second grain boundary phase is less than 0.2 ⁇ m 2 It is characterized by being.
- FIG. 6 is a structure photograph showing a reflected electron image by FE-SEM of a ferrite sintered magnet of sample No. 10 in Example 2.
- FIG. 6 is a structure photograph showing a reflection electron image by FE-SEM of a sintered ferrite magnet of sample No. 11 in Example 2.
- FIG. 6 is a structure photograph showing a reflection electron image by FE-SEM of a ferrite sintered magnet of sample No. 12 in Example 2.
- FIG. 6 is an image example after binarization processing of a structure photograph showing a reflected electron image by FE-SEM of a ferrite sintered magnet of sample No. 7 in Example 2.
- Co compounds include oxides such as CoO and Co 3 O 4 , and hydroxides such as CoOOH, Co (OH) 2 , and Co 3 O 4 ⁇ m 1 H 2 O (m 1 is a positive number).
- CoCO 3 or the like carbonates and m 2 CoCO 3 ⁇ m 3 Co (OH) 2 ⁇ m 4 H 2 O and the like of a basic carbonate, (m 2, m 3, m 4 are positive numbers) is Can be mentioned.
- Raw material powders other than CaCO 3 , Fe 2 O 3 and La 2 O 3 may be added from the time of raw material mixing, or may be added after calcination.
- CaCO 3 , Fe 2 O 3 , La 2 O 3 and Co 3 O 4 are blended, mixed and calcined, then the calcined body is pulverized, molded and sintered to produce a ferrite sintered magnet
- H 3 BO 3 also has the effect of controlling the shape and size of crystal grains during sintering, so it may be added after calcination (before pulverization or before sintering), before calcination and after calcination Both of them may be added.
- the calcination step is preferably performed in an atmosphere having an oxygen concentration of 5% or more.
- the oxygen concentration is less than 5%, abnormal grain growth, generation of a heterogeneous phase, and the like are caused.
- a more preferable oxygen concentration is 20% or more.
- the first fine pulverization is the same as the normal pulverization described above, and is performed using a vibration mill, a jet mill, a ball mill, an attritor or the like.
- the average particle size of the pulverized powder is preferably about 0.4 to 0.8 ⁇ m (air permeation method).
- the pulverization step may be either dry pulverization or wet pulverization, but is preferably performed in combination.
- the temperature range in which the rate of temperature decrease is 6 ° C / min or more is the firing temperature to 1100 ° C.
- the temperature drop rate is temporarily less than 6 ° C./min in a temperature range of 1100 ° C. or higher, the second grain boundary phase is scattered and the average area of the second grain boundary phase is less than 0.2 ⁇ m 2.
- the rate of temperature decrease at other temperatures is not particularly limited as long as the rate of temperature decrease in the temperature range of the firing temperature to 1100 ° C. is 6 ° C./min or more.
- the rate of temperature increase in the temperature range from 1100 ° C. to the firing temperature is set to 1 to 4 ° C./min, and the solution is slowly passed through the temperature range to promote dissolution and precipitation of the solid phase in the liquid phase.
- an optimum structure that is, a structure in which the second grain boundary phase is scattered and the average area is less than 0.2 ⁇ m 2 is formed.
- SrLaCo ferrite basically does not contain Ca in the main phase. Accordingly, during sintering, SiO 2 and CaCO 3 added as a sintering aid mainly form a liquid phase.
- SiO 2 and CaCO 3 added as a sintering aid mainly form a liquid phase.
- SiO 2 and CaCO 3 added as a sintering aid mainly form a liquid phase.
- SiO 2 and CaCO 3 added as a sintering aid mainly form a liquid phase.
- SrLaCo ferrite sintered magnet Sr 1-x La x Fe 11.6-y Co y , 1.2 mass% SiO 2 as a sintering aid and 1.5 mass% CaCO 3 in terms of CaO
- STEM scanning transmission electron microscope
- EDS energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy
- the stability of the ferrite phase having a hexagonal M-type magnetoplumbite structure is Sr ferrite> SrLaCo ferrite> CaLaCo ferrite.
- CaLaCo ferrite it is considered that Ca contained in the main phase and Ca contained in the liquid phase are mutually moved.
- the ferrite phase of CaLaCo ferrite is changed to Sr ferrite or SrLaCo ferrite.
- Another factor is the instability. Therefore, in the SrLaCo ferrite where the ferrite phase is stable, it is considered that the main phase dissolves and the main phase component moves to the liquid phase, but the liquid phase component does not move to the main phase. .
- the ferrite sintered magnet of the present invention includes a main phase composed of ferrite having a hexagonal M-type magnetoplumbite structure, and a first grain boundary phase existing between the two main phases.
- a second grain boundary phase present between three or more main phases, and in any cross section, the second grain boundary phase is interspersed, and the average of the second grain boundary phase The area is less than 0.2 ⁇ m 2 .
- the main phase constituting the sintered ferrite magnet of the present invention is a ferrite phase having a hexagonal M-type magnetoplumbite structure.
- a magnetic material, particularly a sintered magnet is composed of a plurality of compounds, and a compound that determines the characteristics (physical properties, magnet characteristics, etc.) of the magnetic material is defined as “main phase”.
- the main phase in the present invention that is, the ferrite phase having a hexagonal M-type magnetoplumbite structure also determines basic parts such as physical properties and magnet characteristics of the sintered ferrite magnet of the present invention.
- the average area of the portion where the second grain boundary phase is small may be less than 0.2 ⁇ m 2 . In such a case, it is preferable to obtain the average values of a plurality of locations in different arbitrary cross sections and obtain the average value.
- H k is, J (magnetization magnitude) -H in the second quadrant of the (magnetic field strength) curve, J is the position where the value of 0.95 B r of H values ( The same shall apply hereinafter.
- FIG. 5 the measurement results of B r and H cJ of the sintered ferrite magnet of Sample No.3 and Sample No.4, showing a measurement result of the H k / H cJ in FIG.
- FIG. 7 the measurement results of B r and H cJ of the sintered ferrite magnet of Sample No.5 and Sample No.6, showing a measurement result of the H k / H cJ in FIG. 5 and 7, the solid line indicates the value of B r, the dotted line indicates the value of H cJ. 5 and 6, the black circle plot indicates the sample No. 3, the black triangle plot indicates the sample No. 4, and in FIGS. 7 and 8, the black circle plot indicates the sample No. 5 and the black triangle plot. Shows Sample No.6.
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Abstract
Description
Ca、La、Ba及び/又はSrであるA元素、Fe及びCoの金属元素の原子比率を示す一般式:Ca1-x-yLaxAyFe2n-zCozにおいて、
前記1-x-y、x、y及びz、並びにモル比を表わすnが、
0.3≦1-x-y≦0.65、
0.3≦x≦0.65、
0≦y≦0.2、
0.25≦z≦0.65、及び
4.5≦n≦7
を満足するように原料粉末を準備する工程、
前記原料粉末を仮焼し、仮焼体を得る仮焼工程、
前記仮焼体を粉砕し、粉末を得る粉砕工程、
前記粉末を成形し、成形体を得る成形工程、及び
前記成形体を焼成し、焼結体を得る焼成工程を含み、
前記仮焼工程後、成形工程前において、前記仮焼体に、仮焼体100質量%に対して、0~1.8質量%のSiO2及びCaO換算で0~2質量%のCaCO3を添加すること、並びに
前記焼成工程において、1100℃~焼成温度の温度範囲での昇温速度を1~4℃/分、及び焼成温度~1100℃の温度範囲での降温速度を6℃/分以上とすることを特徴とする。
Ca、La、Ba及び/又はSrであるA元素、Fe及びCoの金属元素の原子比率を示す一般式:Ca1-x-yLaxAyFe2n-zCozにおいて、前記1-x-y、x、y及びz、並びにモル比を表わすnが、
0.3≦1-x-y≦0.75、
0.2≦x≦0.65、
0≦y≦0.2、
0.25≦z≦0.65、及び
3≦n≦6を満足するCa、La、Ba及び/又はSrであるA元素、Fe及びCoと、0~1.8質量%のSiO2とを含有するのが好ましい。
六方晶のM型マグネトプランバイト構造を有するフェライトからなる主相と、二つの主相の間に存在する第一の粒界相と、三つ以上の主相の間に存在する第二の粒界相とを有し、任意の断面において、前記第二の粒界相が散在しており、前記第二の粒界相の平均面積が0.2μm2未満である本発明のフェライト焼結磁石を製造する方法は、Ca、La、Ba及び/又はSrであるA元素、Fe及びCoの金属元素の原子比率を示す一般式:Ca1-x-yLaxAyFe2n-zCozにおいて、
前記1-x-y、x、y及びz、並びにモル比を表わすnが、
0.3≦1-x-y≦0.65、
0.3≦x≦0.65、
0≦y≦0.2、
0.25≦z≦0.65、及び
4.5≦n≦7
を満足するように原料粉末を準備する工程、
前記原料粉末を仮焼し、仮焼体を得る仮焼工程、
前記仮焼体を粉砕し、粉末を得る粉砕工程、
前記粉末を成形し、成形体を得る成形工程、
前記成形体を焼成し、焼結体を得る焼成工程を含み、
前記仮焼工程後、成形工程前において、前記仮焼体に、仮焼体100質量%に対して、0~1.8質量%のSiO2及びCaO換算で0~2質量%のCaCO3を添加すること、並びに
前記焼成工程において、1100℃~焼成温度の温度範囲での昇温速度を1~4℃/分、及び焼成温度~1100℃の温度範囲での降温速度を6℃/分以上とすることを特徴とする。各工程について以下に説明する。本製造方法によって製造されるフェライト焼結磁石については後述する。
Ca、La、Ba及び/又はSrであるA元素、Fe及びCoの金属元素の原子比率を示す一般式:Ca1-x-yLaxAyFe2n-zCoz(ただし、1-x-y、x、y及びz、並びにモル比を表わすnが、
0.3≦1-x-y≦0.65、
0.3≦x≦0.65、
0≦y≦0.2、
0.25≦z≦0.65、及び
4.5≦n≦7を満たす。)
で表される組成を満足するように原料粉末を準備する。
一般式:Ca1-x-yLaxAyFe2n-zCozOα(ただし、1-x-y、x、y、z及びα並びにモル比を表わすnは、
0.3≦1-x-y≦0.65、
0.3≦x≦0.65、
0≦y≦0.2、
0.25≦z≦0.65、及び
4.5≦n≦7
を満たし、LaとFeが3価でCoが2価であり、x=zでかつn=6の時の化学量論組成比を示した場合はα=19である。)で表される。
混合後の原料粉末は、電気炉、ガス炉等を用いて加熱することによって、固相反応し、六方晶のM型マグネトプランバイト構造のフェライト化合物を形成する。このプロセスを「仮焼」と呼び、得られた化合物を「仮焼体」と呼ぶ。
焼結助剤として、前記仮焼工程後、後述する成形工程前において、仮焼体に、仮焼体100質量%に対して0~1.8質量%のSiO2、及び仮焼体100質量%に対してCaO換算で0~2質量%のCaCO3を添加するのが好ましい。焼結助剤の添加方法は、仮焼工程によって得られた仮焼体に焼結助剤を添加した後粉砕工程を実施する、粉砕工程の途中で焼結助剤を添加する、粉砕工程後の仮焼体に焼結助剤を添加、混合した後成形工程を実施する、などの方法から採用することができる。
(CaCO3の分子量×CaO換算での添加量)/CaOの分子量
によって求めることができる。
例えば、CaO換算で1.5質量%のCaCO3を添加する場合、
{(40.08[Caの原子量]+12.01[Cの原子量]+48.00[Oの原子量×3]=100.09[CaCO3の分子量])×1.5質量%[CaO換算での添加量]}/(40.08[Caの原子量] +16.00[Oの原子量]=56.08[CaOの分子量])=2.677質量%[CaCo3の添加量]、となる。
仮焼体は、振動ミル、ボールミル、アトライター等によって粉砕し、粉砕粉とする。粉砕粉の平均粒度は0.4~0.8μm程度(空気透過法)にするのが好ましい。粉砕工程は、乾式粉砕及び湿式粉砕のいずれもよいが、双方を組み合わせて行うのが好ましい。
粉砕後のスラリーは、水(溶剤)を除去しながら磁界中又は無磁界中でプレス成形する。磁界中でプレス成形することにより、粉末粒子の結晶方位を整列(配向)させることができ、磁石特性を飛躍的に向上させることができる。さらに、配向を向上させるために、分散剤及び潤滑剤をそれぞれ0.01~1質量%添加しても良い。また成形前にスラリーを必要に応じて濃縮してもよい。濃縮は遠心分離、フィルタープレス等により行うのが好ましい。
プレス成形により得られた成形体は、必要に応じて脱脂した後、焼成(焼結)する。これによって焼結体(焼結磁石)を得る。焼成工程において、1100℃~焼成温度の温度範囲での昇温速度を1~4℃/分、及び焼成温度~1100℃の温度範囲での降温速度を6℃/分以上とすることが本発明の製造方法における特徴である。
本発明のフェライト焼結磁石は、六方晶のM型マグネトプランバイト構造を有するフェライトからなる主相と、二つの主相の間に存在する第一の粒界相と、三つ以上の主相の間に存在する第二の粒界相とを有し、任意の断面において、前記第二の粒界相が散在しており、前記第二の粒界相の平均面積が0.2μm2未満であることを特徴とする。
0.3≦1-x-y≦0.75、
0.2≦x≦0.65、
0≦y≦0.2、
0.25≦z≦0.65、及び
3≦n≦6を満足するCa、La、Ba及び/又はSrであるA元素、Fe及びCoと、0~1.8質量%のSiO2とを含有するものが好ましい。各元素が前記組成範囲外では、Br、HcJ、Hk/HcJの少なくとも一つが低下するため好ましくない。各元素の組成範囲の限定理由は前記の通りである。
組成式Ca1-x-yLaxAyFe2n-zCozにおいて、x=0.5、y=0、z=0.3及びn=5.2になるようにCaCO3粉末、La(OH)3粉末、Fe2O3粉末及びCo3O4粉末を配合してなる原料粉末を準備し、湿式ボールミルで4時間混合し、乾燥して整粒した。次いで、大気中において1300℃で3時間仮焼し、得られた仮焼体をハンマーミルで粗粉砕して粗粉砕粉を得た。
表3に示すSiO2添加量、CaCO3添加量(CaO換算値)、昇温速度、降温速度とした以外は実施例1と同様にして試料No.7~12のフェライト焼結磁石を得た。なお、試料No.7は実施例1の試料No.1において昇温速度が1℃/分のものと同じフェライト焼結磁石であり、試料No.8は実施例1の試料No.2において昇温速度が1℃/分のものと同じフェライト焼結磁石であり、試料No.9は実施例1の試料No.3において降温速度が1℃/分のものと同じフェライト焼結磁石であり、試料No.10は実施例1の試料No.5において降温速度が1℃/分のものと同じフェライト焼結磁石である。
実施例2の試料No.7~12のフェライト焼結磁石について、FE-SEM(電界放射型走査電子顕微鏡)とEDX(エネルギー分散型X線分光法)を用いて、図9~図14に示す各図の全体の組成と任意の主相(2箇所)の組成並びに任意の第二の粒界相の組成分析を行った。組成分析の結果を表5に示す。なお、表5に示す数値は全て原子比率(%)で示す。また、全体の組成についてはビーム径を100μm四方、主相と第二の粒界相についてはビーム径を1μmとした。表中「N.D.」は未検出を示す。
組成式Ca1-x-yLaxAyFe2n-zCozにおいて、x=0.5、y=0、z=0.2及びn=4.8になるように配合し、表6に示すSiO2添加量、CaCO3添加量(CaO換算値)、昇温速度、降温速度、焼成温度とした以外は実施例1と同様にして試料No.13~16のフェライト焼結磁石を得た。得られたフェライト焼結磁石のBr、HcJ及びHk/HcJの測定結果を表6示す。
組成式Ca1-x-yLaxAyFe2n-zCozにおいて、x=0.5、y=0.05、z=0.3及びn=5.3であり、A元素としてBa及び/又はSrを表7に示すように配合し、表7に示すSiO2添加量、CaCO3添加量(CaO換算値)、昇温速度、降温速度、焼成温度とした以外は実施例1と同様にして試料No.17~22のフェライト焼結磁石を得た。得られたフェライト焼結磁石のBr、HcJ及びHk/HcJの測定結果を表7示す。
Claims (7)
- 六方晶のM型マグネトプランバイト構造を有するフェライトからなる主相と、二つの主相の間に存在する第一の粒界相と、三つ以上の主相の間に存在する第二の粒界相とを有し、任意の断面において、前記第二の粒界相が散在しており、前記第二の粒界相の平均面積が0.2μm2未満であるフェライト焼結磁石を製造する方法であって、
Ca、La、Ba及び/又はSrであるA元素、Fe及びCoの金属元素の原子比率を示す一般式:Ca1-x-yLaxAyFe2n-zCozにおいて、
前記1-x-y、x、y及びz、並びにモル比を表わすnが、
0.3≦1-x-y≦0.65、
0.3≦x≦0.65、
0≦y≦0.2、
0.25≦z≦0.65、及び
4.5≦n≦7
を満足するように原料粉末を準備する工程、
前記原料粉末を仮焼し、仮焼体を得る仮焼工程、
前記仮焼体を粉砕し、粉末を得る粉砕工程、
前記粉末を成形し、成形体を得る成形工程、及び
前記成形体を焼成し、焼結体を得る焼成工程を含み、
前記仮焼工程後、成形工程前において、前記仮焼体に、仮焼体100質量%に対して、0~1.8質量%のSiO2及びCaO換算で0~2質量%のCaCO3を添加すること、並びに
前記焼成工程において、1100℃~焼成温度の温度範囲での昇温速度を1~4℃/分、及び焼成温度~1100℃の温度範囲での降温速度を6℃/分以上とすることを特徴とするフェライト焼結磁石の製造方法。 - 請求項1に記載のフェライト焼結磁石の製造方法において、前記SiO2の添加量が1~1.8質量%、及び前記CaCO3の添加量がCaO換算で1~2質量%であることを特徴とするフェライト焼結磁石の製造方法。
- 請求項2に記載のフェライト焼結磁石の製造方法において、前記SiO2の添加量が1.1~1.6質量%、及び前記CaCO3の添加量がCaO換算で1.2~2質量%であることを特徴とするフェライト焼結磁石の製造方法。
- 請求項1~3のいずれかに記載のフェライト焼結磁石の製造方法において、前記第二の粒界相が、任意の断面の53×53μm2の範囲内に900個以上存在することを特徴とするフェライト焼結磁石の製造方法。
- 六方晶のM型マグネトプランバイト構造を有するフェライトからなる主相と、二つの主相の間に存在する第一の粒界相と、三つ以上の主相の間に存在する第二の粒界相とを有し、任意の断面において、前記第二の粒界相が散在しており、前記第二の粒界相の平均面積が0.2μm2未満であることを特徴とするフェライト焼結磁石。
- 請求項5に記載のフェライト焼結磁石において、
前記フェライト焼結磁石が、
Ca、La、Ba及び/又はSrであるA元素、Fe及びCoの金属元素の原子比率を示す一般式:Ca1-x-yLaxAyFe2n-zCozにおいて、前記1-x-y、x、y及びz、並びにモル比を表わすnが、
0.3≦1-x-y≦0.75、
0.2≦x≦0.65、
0≦y≦0.2、
0.25≦z≦0.65、及び
3≦n≦6を満足するCa、La、Ba及び/又はSrであるA元素、Fe及びCoと、0~1.8質量%のSiO2とを含有することを特徴とするフェライト焼結磁石。 - 請求項5又は6に記載のフェライト焼結磁石において、前記第二の粒界相が、任意の断面の53×53μm2の範囲内に900個以上存在することを特徴とするフェライト焼結磁石。
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US9601247B2 (en) | 2017-03-21 |
EP2881956B1 (en) | 2017-07-05 |
HUE033767T2 (en) | 2018-01-29 |
JP6217640B2 (ja) | 2017-10-25 |
JPWO2014021149A1 (ja) | 2016-07-21 |
SI2881956T1 (sl) | 2017-10-30 |
CN104508769A (zh) | 2015-04-08 |
EP2881956A1 (en) | 2015-06-10 |
US20150221424A1 (en) | 2015-08-06 |
EP2881956A4 (en) | 2016-03-16 |
KR101809575B1 (ko) | 2018-01-18 |
KR20150038410A (ko) | 2015-04-08 |
CN104508769B (zh) | 2017-03-29 |
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