WO2013168521A1 - 樹脂封止型半導体装置及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
樹脂封止型半導体装置及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a resin-encapsulated semiconductor device and a manufacturing method thereof.
- FIG. 18 is a view for explaining a conventional mesa semiconductor device 900.
- a conventional mesa semiconductor device 900 includes a mesa semiconductor substrate 908 having a pn junction exposed portion C in an outer peripheral taper region B surrounding the mesa region A, and a glass layer covering at least the outer peripheral taper region B. 924.
- the glass layer 924 is a passivation glass layer made of “a glass material containing lead silicate as a main component”.
- reference numeral 910 indicates an n ⁇ type semiconductor layer
- reference numeral 912 indicates a p + type semiconductor layer
- reference numeral 914 indicates an n + semiconductor layer
- reference numeral 916a indicates a silicon oxide film
- reference numeral 934 indicates An anode electrode layer is shown
- a reference numeral 936 denotes a cathode electrode layer.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and is a resin-encapsulated semiconductor device manufactured by molding a mesa-type semiconductor element with a resin, which is a conventional resin-encapsulated semiconductor device.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a resin-encapsulated semiconductor device having a higher high-temperature reverse bias tolerance. Moreover, it aims at providing the manufacturing method of the resin sealing type
- the inventors of the present invention have conducted research on the cause of the decrease in high-temperature reverse bias tolerance when a conventional mesa-type semiconductor element is molded with a resin to form a resin-encapsulated semiconductor device. Since the lead-containing glass constituting the glass layer has a high dielectric constant, a large polarization occurs in the glass layer (see FIG. 3B described later), and as a result, the mold is being subjected to the high temperature reverse bias test. High-density ions are induced at the interface between the resin and the glass layer and the interface between the glass layer and the semiconductor layer, and this influence forms a channel due to the inversion layer at the interface between the glass layer and the semiconductor layer, increasing the leakage current. I got the knowledge that there is something to do.
- the inventors of the present invention based on this finding, “If a glass layer made of lead-free glass (glass containing no Pb oxide) having a dielectric constant lower than that of lead-containing glass is used as the glass layer, During the high-temperature reverse bias test, high-density ions are hardly induced at the interface between the mold resin and the glass layer and at the interface between the glass layer and the semiconductor layer (see FIG. 3A described later). As a result, it is possible to reduce the leakage current that is increased during the high temperature reverse bias test as compared with the prior art, and the present invention has been completed.
- a resin-encapsulated semiconductor device of the present invention includes a mesa semiconductor substrate having a pn junction exposed portion in an outer peripheral tapered region surrounding a mesa region, and a mesa semiconductor element having a glass layer covering at least the outer peripheral tapered region. And a molding resin for sealing the mesa semiconductor element, The glass layer is formed by baking a layer made of the glass composition for protecting a semiconductor junction after forming a layer made of the glass composition for protecting a semiconductor junction so as to cover the outer peripheral tapered region.
- a resin-encapsulated semiconductor device, wherein the glass composition for protecting a semiconductor junction includes at least SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , B 2 O 3 , ZnO, CaO, BaO, and MgO.
- the glass composition for protecting a semiconductor junction has an average linear expansion coefficient of 3.33 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 to 4.13 in a temperature range of 50 ° C. to 550 ° C.
- the glass composition for protecting a semiconductor junction is preferably in the range of ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 .
- the glass composition for protecting a semiconductor junction has a total value of 65 mol% to 75 mol% of the content of SiO 2 and the content of B 2 O 3. It is preferable that it is a glass composition for semiconductor junction protection in the range of this.
- the raw material does not substantially contain P.
- the raw material does not substantially contain Bi.
- the glass layer may be formed by firing a layer made of the glass composition for protecting a semiconductor junction at a temperature of 900 ° C. or lower. preferable.
- the outer peripheral tapered region is directly covered with the glass layer.
- the outer peripheral tapered region is preferably covered with the glass layer via an insulating layer.
- the glass composition for protecting a semiconductor junction may be a glass composition for protecting a semiconductor junction that does not substantially contain a polyvalent element as a defoaming agent. preferable.
- the polyvalent element preferably contains V, Mn, Sn, Ce, Nb, and Ta.
- a method for manufacturing a resin-encapsulated semiconductor device of the present invention includes a semiconductor substrate preparation step of preparing a semiconductor substrate having a pn junction parallel to a main surface, and the pn junction is exceeded from one surface of the semiconductor substrate.
- a groove forming step for forming a groove having a depth, and a layer made of the glass composition for protecting a semiconductor junction are formed so as to cover at least the inner surface of the groove, and then the layer made of the glass composition for protecting a semiconductor junction is baked
- a resin sealing step of sealing with a resin sealing type semiconductor device in this order wherein the glass composition for protecting a semiconductor junction comprises at least SiO 2 and A l 2 O 3 , B 2 O 3 , ZnO, and at least two alkaline earth metal oxides of CaO, BaO and MgO are contained in the following contents, and Pb,
- the method for producing a resin-encapsulated semiconductor device of the present invention preferably has the following features [12] to [20] as in the case of the resin-encapsulated semiconductor device of the present invention.
- the glass composition for protecting a semiconductor junction has an average coefficient of linear expansion of 3.33 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 in a temperature range of 50 ° C. to 550 ° C.
- the glass composition for protecting a semiconductor junction is preferably in the range of 4.13 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 .
- the glass composition for protecting a semiconductor junction has a total content of SiO 2 and B 2 O 3 of 65 mol%.
- the glass composition for protecting a semiconductor junction is preferably in the range of ⁇ 75 mol%.
- the raw material does not substantially contain P.
- the glass layer is formed by firing a layer made of the glass composition for protecting a semiconductor junction at a temperature of 900 ° C. or lower. Preferably there is.
- the outer peripheral tapered region is covered with the glass layer via an insulating layer.
- the glass composition for protecting a semiconductor junction is a glass composition for protecting a semiconductor junction that does not substantially contain a polyvalent element as a defoaming agent. Preferably there is.
- the polyvalent element contains V, Mn, Sn, Ce, Nb, and Ta.
- the glass composition including at least a specific component (SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , B 2 O 3, etc.), in addition to containing only the specific component, in addition to the specific component, the case where the glass composition further contains components that can be usually contained is also included.
- a specific component SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , B 2 O 3, etc.
- substantially not containing a specific element means that the specific element is not included as a component, and in the raw materials of each component constituting the glass It does not exclude a glass composition in which the specific element is mixed as an impurity.
- the phrase “not containing a specific element (Pb, As, Sb, etc.)” means not containing an oxide of the specific element or a nitride of the specific element.
- the mesa semiconductor element has a glass layer made of lead-free glass (glass not containing Pb) having a lower dielectric constant than that of lead-containing glass.
- lead-free glass glass not containing Pb
- high-density ions are hardly induced at the interface between the mold resin and the glass layer and the interface between the glass layer and the semiconductor layer (see FIG. 3 described later), and as a result.
- the leakage current that increases during the high-temperature reverse bias test can be reduced compared to the conventional method.
- a semiconductor device obtained by using the conventional “glass material mainly composed of lead silicate” is molded with resin. It is possible to increase the high-temperature reverse bias tolerance as compared with a resin-encapsulated semiconductor device.
- the resin-encapsulated semiconductor device manufactured by the method for manufacturing the resin-encapsulated semiconductor device of the present invention and the resin-encapsulated semiconductor device of the present invention is a mesa type as in the conventional resin-encapsulated semiconductor device.
- a resin-encapsulated semiconductor device having a withstand capacity is obtained.
- a method of forming a wide groove (mesa groove) in the process of manufacturing a mesa semiconductor element, and (2) a mesa semiconductor A method of forming a deep groove (mesa groove) using a diffusion wafer in the process of manufacturing an element, (3) a method of using a wafer having a low specific resistance, and (4) a method of forming a glass layer thick are also conceivable.
- the method (1) has a problem that the manufacturing cost of the product increases due to the increase in the chip area.
- the production cost of the product is increased due to the fact that the use of a diffusion wafer increases the price of the wafer and makes the process difficult by forming deep grooves. There is a problem of becoming high. Further, the method (3) has a problem that it is difficult to ensure a reverse breakdown voltage. The method (4) has a problem that the wafer is warped or easily broken during the process. On the other hand, according to the resin-encapsulated semiconductor device of the present invention, it is possible to increase the high temperature reverse bias tolerance without causing the above-described problems.
- At least two alkalis among at least SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , B 2 O 3 , ZnO, CaO, BaO and MgO are used.
- a glass layer is formed by firing a layer made of a glass composition for protecting a semiconductor junction, which is made of glass fine particles prepared from a melt obtained by melting a raw material containing an oxide of an earth metal in the above content. Since it is formed, the average linear expansion coefficient in the temperature range of 50 ° C. to 550 ° C.
- a glass layer is formed by firing a layer made of a glass composition for protecting a semiconductor junction, which is made of glass fine particles prepared from a melt obtained by melting a raw material containing an oxide of an earth metal in the above content. Since the glass layer can be fired at a relatively low temperature, as is apparent from Examples (Evaluation Item 2) described later, the glass layer is fired during the firing process of the glass layer. This makes it difficult to cause crystallization, and this also makes it possible to stably manufacture a resin-encapsulated semiconductor device having a low reverse leakage current and thus having a high high temperature reverse bias capability. It becomes ability.
- the semiconductor junction is coated so as to cover the inner surface of the groove.
- the layer which consists of a glass composition for protection it may become difficult to form uniformly the layer which consists of the glass composition for semiconductor junction protection concerned. That is, when a layer made of a glass composition for protecting a semiconductor junction is formed by electrophoresis, it becomes difficult to uniformly form a layer made of the glass composition for protecting a semiconductor junction due to non-uniform electrophoresis.
- the layer composed of the glass composition for protecting a semiconductor junction is uniformly formed due to differences in particle size or specific gravity. This is when it becomes difficult to do.
- the glass composition for protecting a semiconductor junction from the glass composition for protecting a semiconductor junction that does not contain any of the ingredients as a filler. Therefore, when the layer made of the glass composition for protecting a semiconductor junction is formed so as to cover the inner surface of the groove, the layer made of the glass composition for protecting a semiconductor junction can be formed uniformly. It becomes.
- the glass composition that does not substantially contain Li, Na, and K is used.
- B (boron) is contained in the glass composition, B (boron) does not diffuse from the glass layer into silicon during the firing of the glass composition, and high reliability is achieved.
- a resin-encapsulated semiconductor device can be manufactured.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining a mesa semiconductor device 100 according to the first embodiment. It is a figure shown in order to demonstrate the effect of the resin sealing type semiconductor device 10 concerning Embodiment 1.
- FIG. It is a figure shown in order to demonstrate the manufacturing method of the resin sealing type
- FIG. It is a figure shown in order to demonstrate the manufacturing method of the resin sealing type
- FIG. FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining a mesa semiconductor element 102 according to a second embodiment.
- FIG. It is a figure shown in order to demonstrate the manufacturing method of the resin sealing type
- FIG. It is a figure shown in order to demonstrate the manufacturing method of the resin sealing type
- FIG. It is a graph which shows the conditions and result of an Example. It is a figure which shows an example of the measurement result of an average linear expansion coefficient. It is a figure shown in order to demonstrate the bubble b which generate
- FIG. 1 It is a figure which shows the impurity concentration along the depth direction from the silicon surface. It is a chart which shows a composition and result of 18 levels. It is a figure shown in order to demonstrate the mesa type semiconductor element 200 in a modification. It is a figure shown in order to demonstrate the conventional mesa type semiconductor element 900.
- FIG. 1 It is a figure which shows the impurity concentration along the depth direction from the silicon surface. It is a chart which shows a composition and result of 18 levels. It is a figure shown in order to demonstrate the mesa type semiconductor element 200 in a modification. It is a figure shown in order to demonstrate the conventional mesa type semiconductor element 900.
- FIG. 1 is a view for explaining a resin encapsulated semiconductor device 10 according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 1A is a perspective view of the resin-encapsulated semiconductor device 10
- FIG. 1B is a plan view of the resin-encapsulated semiconductor device 10 with the resin removed
- FIG. 3 is a side view of the sealed semiconductor device 10 with a resin removed.
- FIG. FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining the mesa semiconductor device 100 according to the first embodiment.
- the resin-encapsulated semiconductor device 10 includes a mesa semiconductor element 100 and a molding resin 40 that encapsulates the mesa semiconductor element 100.
- the mesa semiconductor element 100 is placed on the die pad 23 in the lead frame 20 including the lead 21, the lead 22, and the die pad 23.
- One electrode of the mesa semiconductor element 100 is connected to the lead 21 via the die pad 23, and the other electrode of the mesa semiconductor element 100 is connected to the lead 22 via the Al wire 30.
- the mesa semiconductor element 100 includes a mesa semiconductor substrate 108 having a pn junction exposed portion C in an outer peripheral taper region B surrounding the mesa region A and a glass layer 124 covering at least the outer peripheral taper region B. .
- the outer peripheral taper region B is directly covered with the glass layer 124.
- the mesa semiconductor device 100 is a pn diode.
- reference numeral 134 denotes an anode electrode layer
- reference numeral 136 denotes a cathode electrode layer.
- the resin-encapsulated semiconductor device 10 according to the first embodiment is characterized in that the mesa semiconductor element 100 has a glass layer that does not substantially contain Pb as the glass layer 124. And as such a glass layer, after forming the layer which consists of a glass composition for semiconductor junction protection so that an outer periphery taper area
- a glass composition for protecting a semiconductor junction at least SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , B 2 O 3 , ZnO, CaO, BaO. And a raw material which contains at least two alkaline earth metal oxides of MgO in the following content and does not substantially contain Pb, As, Sb, Li, Na and K
- a glass composition for protecting a semiconductor junction is used, which is made of glass fine particles prepared from a melt obtained by melting, and does not contain any of the components as a filler.
- Such a glass composition for protecting a semiconductor junction includes a semiconductor having an average coefficient of linear expansion in a temperature range of 50 ° C. to 550 ° C. within a range of 3.33 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 to 4.13 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6. It is preferable to use a glass composition for protecting a junction, and for protecting a semiconductor junction having an average linear expansion coefficient in a temperature range of 50 ° C. to 550 ° C. within a range of 3.38 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 to 4.08 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 . It is even more preferable to use a glass composition.
- a glass for protecting a semiconductor junction in which the total value of the content of SiO 2 and the content of B 2 O 3 is in the range of 65 mol% to 75 mol%. It is preferable to use a composition.
- the raw material it is preferable to use a raw material which does not substantially contain P.
- a raw material it is preferable to use a raw material which does not substantially contain Bi.
- a glass layer is a glass layer formed by baking the layer which consists of the said glass composition for semiconductor joining protection at the temperature of 900 degrees C or less.
- a glass composition for protecting a semiconductor junction is used as the glass composition for protecting a semiconductor junction, which does not substantially contain a polyvalent element (for example, V, Mn, Sn, Ce, Nb and Ta) as a defoaming agent. It is preferable.
- a polyvalent element for example, V, Mn, Sn, Ce, Nb and Ta
- the CaO content is in the range of 2.0 mol% to 5.3 mol%, and the BaO content is 2.6 mol% to Preferably, the content is in the range of 5.3 mol%, and the MgO content is in the range of 1.0 mol% to 2.3 mol%.
- the CaO content is in the range of 2.0 mol% to 7.6 mol%, and the BaO content is 3 It is preferably in the range of 0.7 mol% to 5.9 mol%.
- a glass composition for protecting a semiconductor junction further containing at least one metal oxide selected from the group consisting of nickel oxide, copper oxide, manganese oxide and zirconium oxide. It may be used.
- the content of at least one metal oxide selected from the group consisting of nickel oxide, copper oxide, manganese oxide and zirconium oxide is in the range of 0.01 mol% to 2.0 mol%. It is preferable.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining the effect of the resin-encapsulated semiconductor device 10 according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3A is a diagram showing a state when a reverse voltage is applied to the resin-encapsulated semiconductor device 10 according to the first embodiment
- FIG. 3B is a resin-encapsulated semiconductor device according to a comparative example. It is a figure which shows a mode when a reverse voltage is applied to. In FIG. 3, the broken line indicates the tip of the depletion layer.
- the resin-encapsulated semiconductor device according to the comparative example is a resin-encapsulated semiconductor device in which a conventional mesa semiconductor element 900 is molded with resin.
- FIG.3 (b) is after high temperature reverse bias test.
- the mesa semiconductor element 100 is made of lead-free glass (glass containing no Pb) having a dielectric constant lower than that of lead-containing glass as the glass layer 124.
- the interface between the mold resin and the glass layer and the interface between the glass layer and the semiconductor layer are included.
- it becomes difficult to induce high-density ions see FIG. 3.
- the resin-encapsulated semiconductor device 10 according to the first embodiment has a structure in which a mesa-type semiconductor element is molded with resin in the same manner as the conventional resin-encapsulated semiconductor device.
- This is a resin-encapsulated semiconductor device having a high temperature reverse bias tolerance higher than that of the type semiconductor device. That is, the resin-encapsulated semiconductor device 10 according to the first embodiment is a resin-encapsulated semiconductor device manufactured by molding a mesa-type semiconductor element with a resin, and is higher than a conventional resin-encapsulated semiconductor device. A resin-encapsulated semiconductor device having a high temperature reverse bias tolerance is obtained.
- At least two alkaline earths of at least SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , B 2 O 3 , ZnO, CaO, BaO, and MgO are used.
- a glass layer is formed by firing a layer made of a glass composition for protecting a semiconductor junction, which is made of glass fine particles prepared from a melt obtained by melting a raw material containing an oxide of an alkali metal with the above content
- At least two alkaline earths of at least SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , B 2 O 3 , ZnO, CaO, BaO, and MgO are used.
- a glass layer is formed by firing a layer made of a glass composition for protecting a semiconductor junction, which is made of glass fine particles prepared from a melt obtained by melting a raw material containing an oxide of an alkali metal with the above content
- the glass layer can be fired at a relatively low temperature. Crystallization is less likely to occur, and this also makes it possible to stably manufacture a resin-encapsulated semiconductor device having a low reverse leakage current and thus having a high high temperature reverse bias capability. Become.
- a glass layer is formed by firing a layer made of a glass composition for protecting a semiconductor junction that does not contain any of the components as a filler. Therefore, when the layer made of the glass composition for protecting a semiconductor junction is formed so as to cover the inner surface of the groove, the layer made of the glass composition for protecting a semiconductor junction can be formed uniformly.
- the resin-encapsulated semiconductor device 10 since a glass composition that does not substantially contain Li, Na, and K is used, it is clear from an example (evaluation item 9) described later. Thus, even if B (boron) is contained in the glass composition, B (boron) does not diffuse into the silicon from the glass layer during the firing of the glass composition, and a highly reliable resin It becomes possible to manufacture a sealed semiconductor device.
- the resin sealed semiconductor device 10 according to the first embodiment can be manufactured by the following method (the manufacturing method of the resin sealed semiconductor device according to the first embodiment).
- . 4 and 5 are views for explaining the method of manufacturing the resin-encapsulated semiconductor device according to the first embodiment.
- 4 (a) to 4 (d) and FIGS. 5 (a) to 5 (d) are process diagrams.
- the method for manufacturing a resin-encapsulated semiconductor device according to the first embodiment includes a “semiconductor substrate preparation step”, a “groove formation step”, a “glass layer formation step”, and a “photoresist formation”.
- n + type semiconductor layer 112 is diffused from one surface of n ⁇ type semiconductor substrate (n ⁇ type silicon substrate) 110, and n type impurities from the other surface are diffused.
- An n + type semiconductor layer 114 is formed by diffusion to form a semiconductor substrate in which a pn junction parallel to the main surface is formed.
- oxide films 116 and 118 are formed on the surfaces of the p + type semiconductor layer 112 and the n + type semiconductor layer 114 by thermal oxidation (see FIG. 4A).
- a layer made of a glass composition for protecting a semiconductor junction is formed on the inner surface of the groove 120 and the semiconductor substrate surface in the vicinity thereof on the surface of the groove 120 by electrophoresis.
- a layer made of the protective glass composition is fired to form a passivation glass layer 124 (see FIG. 4C). Therefore, the exposed pn junction in the groove 120 is directly covered with the glass layer 124.
- the glass composition for semiconductor junction protection which does not contain Pb substantially is used as a glass composition for semiconductor junction protection.
- a glass composition for protecting a semiconductor junction at least a SiO 2, and Al 2 O 3, and B 2 O 3, ZnO and, CaO, at least two alkaline earth metals out of BaO and MgO It was prepared from a melt obtained by melting a raw material that contains an oxide in the following content and that does not substantially contain Pb, As, Sb, Li, Na, and K.
- a glass composition for protecting a semiconductor junction which is made of glass fine particles and does not contain any of the above components as a filler, is used.
- (F) Roughened region forming step Next, a roughened surface for increasing the adhesion between the Ni-plated electrode and the semiconductor substrate by performing a roughening treatment on the surface of the semiconductor substrate in the portion 130 where the Ni-plated electrode film is formed.
- the formation region 132 is formed (see FIG. 5B).
- the mesa semiconductor element 100 is mounted on the die pad 23 in a lead frame (not shown) (see FIG. 1) to connect one electrode of the mesa semiconductor element 100 and the lead 21.
- the other electrode of the mesa semiconductor element 100 and the lead 22 are connected by the Al wire 30.
- a resin sealing mold (not shown)
- a resin for molding is injected into the mold and cured to manufacture a resin sealed semiconductor device. If this resin-encapsulated semiconductor device is taken out of the mold, the resin-encapsulated semiconductor device 10 according to the first embodiment is obtained.
- the resin-encapsulated semiconductor device 10 according to the first embodiment can be manufactured.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining the mesa semiconductor element 102 according to the second embodiment.
- the resin-encapsulated semiconductor device 12 (not shown) according to the second embodiment basically has the same configuration as the resin-encapsulated semiconductor device 10 according to the first embodiment, but the configuration of a mesa-type semiconductor element. However, this is different from the case of the resin-encapsulated semiconductor device 10 according to the first embodiment. That is, in the mesa semiconductor element 102 according to the second embodiment, the outer peripheral tapered region B is covered with the glass layer 124 via the insulating layer 121 as shown in FIG.
- the resin-encapsulated semiconductor device 12 according to the second embodiment is different from the resin-encapsulated semiconductor device 10 according to the first embodiment in the configuration of the mesa semiconductor element, but the resin according to the first embodiment.
- the mesa semiconductor element 102 has a glass layer made of lead-free glass (glass containing no Pb) having a dielectric constant lower than that of lead-containing glass as the glass layer 124.
- lead-free glass glass containing no Pb
- the resin-encapsulated semiconductor device 12 according to the second embodiment has a structure in which a mesa-type semiconductor element is molded with resin in the same manner as the conventional resin-encapsulated semiconductor device.
- This is a resin-encapsulated semiconductor device having a high temperature reverse bias tolerance higher than that of the type semiconductor device. That is, the resin-encapsulated semiconductor device 12 according to the second embodiment is a resin-encapsulated semiconductor device manufactured by molding a mesa semiconductor element with resin, and is higher than a conventional resin-encapsulated semiconductor device. A resin-encapsulated semiconductor device having a high temperature reverse bias tolerance is obtained.
- At least two alkaline earths of at least SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , B 2 O 3 , ZnO, CaO, BaO, and MgO are used.
- a glass layer is formed by firing a layer made of a glass composition for protecting a semiconductor junction, which is made of glass fine particles prepared from a melt obtained by melting a raw material containing an oxide of an alkali metal with the above content Therefore, as in the case of the resin-encapsulated semiconductor device 10 according to the first embodiment, the average linear expansion coefficient in the temperature range of 50 ° C. to 550 ° C.
- the linear expansion coefficient (for example, it can be 3.33 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 to 4.13 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 ). For this reason, since the warpage of the wafer during the process can be made extremely small, it becomes possible to manufacture a resin-encapsulated semiconductor device having excellent forward characteristics using a thin wafer, and the thickness of the glass layer is increased. Thus, it becomes possible to manufacture a resin-encapsulated semiconductor device having excellent reverse characteristics.
- At least two alkaline earths of at least SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , B 2 O 3 , ZnO, CaO, BaO, and MgO are used.
- a glass layer is formed by firing a layer made of a glass composition for protecting a semiconductor junction, which is made of glass fine particles prepared from a melt obtained by melting a raw material containing an oxide of an alkali metal with the above content Therefore, as in the case of the resin-encapsulated semiconductor device 10 according to the first embodiment, the glass layer can be fired at a relatively low temperature. This makes it difficult to cause crystallization of the layer, and this also makes it possible to stably manufacture a resin-encapsulated semiconductor device having a low reverse leakage current and thus having a high high temperature reverse bias capability. It becomes possible.
- the glass layer is formed by firing a layer made of a glass composition for protecting a semiconductor junction that does not contain any of the components as a filler. Therefore, as in the case of the resin-encapsulated semiconductor device 10 according to the first embodiment, the semiconductor junction protection is formed when the layer made of the glass composition for semiconductor junction protection is formed so as to cover the inner surface of the groove. It becomes possible to form uniformly the layer which consists of glass compositions for.
- the resin-encapsulated semiconductor device 12 since the outer peripheral tapered region B is covered with the glass layer 124 via the insulating layer 121, bubbles are not easily generated in the sintering process. And an effect that the reverse leakage current of the resin-encapsulated semiconductor device can be further reduced.
- the resin-encapsulated semiconductor device 12 according to the second embodiment can be manufactured by the following method (method for manufacturing the resin-encapsulated semiconductor device according to the second embodiment).
- 7 and 8 are views for explaining the method for manufacturing the resin-encapsulated semiconductor device according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 7A to FIG. 7D and FIG. 8A to FIG. 8D are process diagrams.
- the method for manufacturing the resin-encapsulated semiconductor device according to the second embodiment includes a “semiconductor substrate forming step”, a “groove forming step”, an “insulating layer forming step”, and a “glass layer forming”.
- n + type semiconductor layer 112 is diffused from one surface of n ⁇ type semiconductor substrate (n ⁇ type silicon substrate) 110, and n type impurities from the other surface are diffused.
- An n + type semiconductor layer 114 is formed by diffusion to form a semiconductor substrate in which a pn junction parallel to the main surface is formed.
- oxide films 116 and 118 are formed on the surfaces of the p + type semiconductor layer 112 and the n + type semiconductor layer 114 by thermal oxidation.
- an insulating layer 121 made of a silicon oxide film is formed on the inner surface of the groove 120 by a thermal oxidation method using dry oxygen (DryO 2 ) (see FIG. 7B).
- the thickness of the insulating layer 121 is in the range of 5 nm to 60 nm (for example, 20 nm).
- the insulating layer is formed by placing the semiconductor substrate in a diffusion furnace and then treating it at 900 ° C. for 10 minutes while flowing oxygen gas. If the thickness of the insulating layer 121 is less than 5 nm, the effect of reducing the reverse current may not be obtained. On the other hand, if the thickness of the insulating layer 121 exceeds 60 nm, a layer made of a glass composition may not be formed by electrophoresis in the next glass layer forming step.
- the glass composition for protecting a semiconductor junction the same glass composition for protecting a semiconductor junction as in the first embodiment is used.
- a layer made of the glass composition for protecting a semiconductor junction is so formed as to cover the inner surface of the groove 120 with an insulating layer 121 interposed therebetween. Form. Therefore, the exposed pn junction in the groove 120 is covered with the glass layer 124 via the insulating layer 121.
- (G) Roughened region forming step Next, a roughened surface is formed to increase the adhesion between the Ni-plated electrode and the semiconductor substrate by performing a roughening treatment on the surface of the semiconductor substrate in the portion 130 where the Ni-plated electrode film is formed.
- the formation region 132 is formed (see FIG. 8B).
- Electrode formation step Ni plating is performed on the semiconductor substrate to form the anode electrode 134 on the roughened region 132, and the cathode electrode 136 is formed on the other surface of the semiconductor substrate (FIG. 8C). )reference.).
- the mesa semiconductor element (pn diode) 102 is manufactured by cutting the semiconductor substrate at the central portion of the glass layer 124 by dicing or the like to chip the semiconductor substrate (FIG. 8 ( See d).).
- the resin-encapsulated semiconductor device 12 according to the second embodiment can be manufactured.
- FIG. 9 is a chart showing the conditions and results of the examples.
- the raw materials were prepared so that the composition ratios shown in Examples 1 to 8 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 (see FIG. 9) were obtained, and after thoroughly stirring with a mixer, the mixed raw materials were heated to a predetermined temperature ( It was placed in a platinum crucible raised to 1350 ° C. to 1550 ° C. and melted for 2 hours. Thereafter, the melt was poured into a water-cooled roll to obtain flaky glass flakes. The glass flakes were pulverized with a ball mill until the average particle size became 5 ⁇ m to obtain a powdery glass composition.
- the raw materials used in the examples are SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , H 3 BO 3 , ZnO, CaCO 3 , BaCO 3 , MgO, NiO (nickel oxide), ZrO 2 , PbO, K 2 CO 3 and Na 2 CO 3 .
- Example 2 Each glass composition obtained by the above method was used for evaluation according to the following evaluation items. Regarding evaluation items 5, 7, and 8 among evaluation items 1 to 9, in Examples 1 to 6, a glass layer is formed on a semiconductor substrate via an insulating layer, and Examples 7 to 8 and Comparative Example 1 are used. In -4, a glass layer was formed directly on the semiconductor substrate. The glass layer was fired at a temperature of 800 ° C. to 900 ° C., and the firing time was 15 minutes.
- the glass composition of Comparative Example 1 is a conventional “glass composition mainly composed of lead silicate”.
- the glass composition of Comparative Example 2 is a conventionally known “lead-free glass composition (lead-free glass commercially available for passivation)”.
- the glass composition of Comparative Example 3 is the same as the glass composition of Example 3.
- the glass composition of Comparative Example 4 is a glass composition (SiO 2 —B 2 O 3 —K 2 O—Na 2 O-based glass composition) containing both B and an alkali metal.
- Evaluation item 1 (environmental impact) In view of environmental load, an evaluation of “ ⁇ ” was given when the lead component was not included, and an evaluation of “x” was given when the lead component was included.
- Evaluation item 2 (firing temperature) If the firing temperature is too high, the influence on the semiconductor device being manufactured becomes large. Therefore, an evaluation of “ ⁇ ” is given when firing at a temperature of 900 ° C. or lower, and “ ⁇ ” when firing at a temperature of 900 ° C. or lower is not possible. Was given a rating.
- Evaluation item 4 (average linear expansion coefficient) A flaky glass plate is prepared from the melt obtained in the above-mentioned section “1. Preparation of sample”, and the average linear expansion of the glass composition at 50 ° C. to 550 ° C. using the flaky glass plate. The rate was measured. The average linear expansion coefficient is measured using a thermomechanical analyzer TMA-60 manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation using a silicon single crystal having a length of 20 mm as a standard sample by a total expansion measurement method (temperature increase rate: 10 ° C./min). It was.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of a measurement result of the average linear expansion coefficient.
- FIG. 10A is a diagram showing a measurement result in the glass composition for protecting a semiconductor junction according to Example 3
- FIG. 10B is a diagram showing a measurement result in the glass composition for protecting a semiconductor junction according to Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. When the difference between the average linear expansion coefficient of the glass composition at 50 ° C. to 550 ° C. and the linear expansion coefficient of silicon (3.73 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 ) is “0.4 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 ” or less, An evaluation was given, and an evaluation of “x” was given when the difference exceeded “0.4 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 ”.
- the numbers in parentheses indicate the average linear expansion coefficient of glass composition at 50 ° C. to 550 ° C. ⁇ 10 + 6 .
- Evaluation item 5 Presence / absence of crystallization
- a semiconductor device (pn diode) was manufactured by the same method as the method for manufacturing the semiconductor device according to the first embodiment. Then, in the production process, an evaluation of “ ⁇ ” was given when it was vitrified without crystallization, and an evaluation of “x” was given when it was not vitrified by crystallization.
- a semiconductor device (pn diode) is manufactured by a method similar to the manufacturing method of the semiconductor device according to the first embodiment (in the case of the seventh and eighth embodiments and the comparative examples 1 to 4) and the second embodiment (in the case of the first to sixth embodiments). It was fabricated and observed whether bubbles were generated inside the glass layer 124 (particularly in the vicinity of the interface with the semiconductor substrate) (preliminary evaluation). Further, the glass composition according to Examples 1 to 8 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 is applied to a 10 mm square semiconductor substrate to form a layer made of the glass composition, and the layer made of the glass composition is fired. Then, a glass layer was formed, and it was observed whether bubbles were generated inside the glass layer (particularly in the vicinity of the interface with the semiconductor substrate) (this evaluation).
- FIG. 11 is a diagram for explaining the bubbles b generated in the glass layer 124 in the preliminary evaluation.
- FIG. 11A is a cross-sectional view of the semiconductor device when the bubble b is not generated
- FIG. 11B is a cross-sectional view of the semiconductor device when the bubble b is generated.
- FIG. 12 is a photograph shown for explaining the bubbles b generated in the glass layer 124 in this evaluation.
- FIG. 12A is a photograph showing an enlarged boundary surface between the semiconductor substrate and the glass layer when the bubble b is not generated
- FIG. 12B is a photograph showing the semiconductor substrate and the glass when the bubble b is generated. It is a photograph which expands and shows the interface with a layer.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating reverse leakage current in the example.
- FIG. 13A is a diagram showing the reverse leakage current in the third embodiment
- FIG. 13B is a diagram showing the reverse leakage current in the eighth embodiment.
- Evaluation item 8 (high temperature reverse bias tolerance) A semiconductor device manufactured by a method similar to the manufacturing method of the semiconductor device according to the first embodiment (in the case of the seventh and eighth embodiments and the comparative examples 1 to 4) and the second embodiment (in the case of the first to sixth embodiments) is made of resin.
- the resin-encapsulated semiconductor device was molded, and this resin-encapsulated semiconductor device was subjected to a high temperature reverse bias test to measure the high temperature reverse bias tolerance.
- the high temperature reverse bias tolerance is measured every 5 minutes for 20 hours in a state where a sample is put into a thermostatic chamber / high temperature bias tester set to a temperature of 175 ° C. and a potential of 600 V is applied between the anode electrode and the cathode electrode. This was done by measuring the reverse current.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing the results of a high temperature reverse bias test.
- the solid line shows the reverse leakage current for the sample prepared using the glass composition of Example 4
- the broken line shows the reverse leakage current for the sample prepared using the glass composition of Comparative Example 1.
- the sample manufactured using the glass composition of Comparative Example 1 shows that the reverse leakage current increased with time even after the reverse leakage current increased as the temperature increased immediately after the start of the high temperature reverse bias test. Increased and reached a predetermined reverse leakage current value 3 hours after the start of the high temperature reverse bias test, so the high temperature reverse bias test was terminated.
- the sample produced using the glass composition according to Example 4 hardly increased the reverse leakage current after the reverse leakage current increased with the temperature increase immediately after the start of the high temperature reverse bias test. I understood that.
- the evaluation of “ ⁇ ” was given when the reverse leakage current hardly increased, and immediately after the start of the high temperature reverse bias test.
- An evaluation of “x” was given when the reverse leakage current increased with time even after the reverse leakage current increased with increasing temperature.
- Evaluation item 9 Presence or absence of diffusion of B from glass layer
- a glass composition layer was formed on the surface of an n-type silicon substrate (impurity concentration: 2.0 ⁇ 10 14 cm ⁇ 3 ) by electrophoresis, and then fired in a wet oxygen atmosphere at 800 ° C. to form a glass layer.
- the glass composition the glass composition of Example 1 and the glass composition of Comparative Example 4 were used. Thereafter, the glass layer was removed with hydrofluoric acid to expose the surface of the n-type silicon substrate.
- an SRP distribution (Spreading Resistance Profiler) was measured using a spreading resistance measuring device (manufactured by Nippon SSM Co., Ltd .: SSM2000), and the resulting spreading resistance was obtained.
- the impurity concentration was calculated from
- FIG. 15 is a diagram showing the impurity concentration distribution along the depth direction from the silicon surface.
- the solid line represents the impurity concentration distribution for the sample prepared using the glass composition of Example 1
- the broken line represents the impurity concentration distribution for the sample prepared using the glass composition of Comparative Example 4.
- FIG. 15 it was found that the sample prepared using the glass composition of Comparative Example 4 had a p-type impurity layer having a depth of 10 nm formed on the silicon surface. This indicates that, in a glass composition containing both B (boron) and an alkali metal, B (boron) diffuses from the glass layer into silicon during the firing of the glass composition.
- the sample produced using the glass composition of Example 1 was found to have no p-type impurity layer formed on the silicon surface.
- B (boron) does not diffuse from the glass layer into silicon during firing of the glass composition. Indicates. Therefore, when the glass composition contains B (boron) but the glass composition does not diffuse B (boron) into the silicon from the glass layer during the firing of the glass composition, Evaluation was given, and when the composition was a glass composition in which B (boron) diffuses into silicon from the glass layer during firing of the composition, an evaluation of “x” was given.
- any of the glass compositions according to Examples 1 to 8 can produce a resin-encapsulated semiconductor device having a higher high-temperature reverse bias tolerance than that of a conventional resin-encapsulated semiconductor device.
- it can be fired at an appropriate temperature (for example, 900 ° C. or less),
- (b) can withstand chemicals (aqua regia or plating solution) used in the process, and
- (c) a linear expansion coefficient close to that of silicon. (In particular, the average linear expansion coefficient at 50 ° C. to 550 ° C.
- the glass composition according to Examples 1 to 6 is a process of forming a glass layer by firing a layer made of the glass composition, as compared with the case of the glass compositions according to Examples 7 to 8. It was also found that the glass composition hardly generated bubbles from the interface between the silicon substrate and the glass layer.
- FIG. 16 is a chart showing 18 levels of composition and results. From FIG. 16, the following items (1) to (4) were found.
- ⁇ tends to decrease as the sum of the content of SiO 2 and the content of B 2 O 3 increases. It was found that ⁇ tends to be smaller as the content of Al 2 O 3 is larger. As for ZnO, it was found that ⁇ tends to be smaller as the ZnO content is larger. This is because ⁇ is smaller due to crystallization. A smaller content is considered better.
- Ts tends to be lower when the sum of the content of SiO 2 and the content of B 2 O 3 is smaller, and the content of SiO 2 It was found that the larger the ratio of the content of B 2 O 3 to the amount, the lower the Ts, and the larger the BaO content, the lower the Ts.
- the mesa type semiconductor element including a diode is used.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- a mesa semiconductor element made of thyristor may be used.
- the present invention can be applied to all semiconductor devices (for example, power MOSFET, IGBT, etc.) in which a pn junction is exposed.
- FIG. 17 is a view for explaining a mesa semiconductor device 200 in a modified example.
- the resin-encapsulated semiconductor device 14 (not shown) according to the modified example basically has the same configuration as that of the resin-encapsulated semiconductor device 10 according to the first embodiment, but a mesa semiconductor element made of a thyristor. Is different from the resin-encapsulated semiconductor device 10 according to the first embodiment.
- the resin-encapsulated semiconductor device 14 includes a mesa semiconductor element having a mesa semiconductor substrate having a pn junction exposed portion in an outer peripheral tapered region surrounding a mesa region and a glass layer 224 covering at least the outer peripheral tapered region. 200 and a molding resin that seals the mesa semiconductor element 200, and the mesa semiconductor element 200 includes a glass layer that substantially does not contain Pb as the glass layer 224.
- the mesa semiconductor element 200 in the modification is a thyristor, and as shown in FIG. 17, an n ⁇ type semiconductor layer 210 and a first p + type semiconductor layer arranged in contact with the n ⁇ type semiconductor layer 210. 212, a second p + type semiconductor layer 214 disposed in contact with the n ⁇ type semiconductor layer 210, an n + type semiconductor region 216 formed on the surface of the second p + type semiconductor layer 214, An anode electrode 234 connected to one p + type semiconductor layer 212, a cathode electrode 236 connected to an n + type semiconductor region 216, and a gate electrode 238 connected to the second p + type semiconductor layer 214. Prepare.
- the resin-encapsulated semiconductor device 14 according to the modified example is different from the resin-encapsulated semiconductor device 10 according to the first embodiment in that a mesa-type semiconductor element made of thyristor is used.
- the mesa semiconductor element has a glass layer made of lead-free glass (glass containing no Pb) having a lower dielectric constant than that of lead-containing glass as the glass layer.
- the conventional resin-encapsulated semiconductor device has a structure in which a mesa-type semiconductor element is molded with resin.
- the resin-encapsulated semiconductor device 14 according to the modification is a resin-encapsulated semiconductor device manufactured by molding a mesa-type semiconductor element with resin and has a higher temperature than that of a conventional resin-encapsulated semiconductor device.
- a resin-encapsulated semiconductor device having a reverse bias tolerance is obtained.
- At least two alkaline earth materials among at least SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , B 2 O 3 , ZnO, CaO, BaO, and MgO are used.
- a glass layer is formed by firing a layer made of a glass composition for protecting a semiconductor junction made of glass fine particles prepared from a melt obtained by melting a raw material containing a metal oxide in the above content.
- At least two alkaline earth materials among at least SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , B 2 O 3 , ZnO, CaO, BaO, and MgO are used.
- a glass layer is formed by firing a layer made of a glass composition for protecting a semiconductor junction made of glass fine particles prepared from a melt obtained by melting a raw material containing a metal oxide in the above content.
- the glass layer can be fired at a relatively low temperature as in the case of the resin-encapsulated semiconductor device 10 according to the first embodiment, the glass layer is fired during the glass layer firing process. This makes it difficult to cause crystallization, and this also makes it possible to stably manufacture a resin-encapsulated semiconductor device having a low reverse leakage current and thus a high high temperature reverse bias capability. It becomes.
- the glass layer is formed by firing a layer made of a glass composition for protecting a semiconductor junction that does not contain any component of the raw material as a filler. Therefore, as in the case of the resin-encapsulated semiconductor device 10 according to the first embodiment, when forming a layer made of the glass composition for semiconductor junction protection so as to cover the inner surface of the groove, the semiconductor junction protection It becomes possible to form the layer which consists of a glass composition uniformly.
- the insulating layer is formed by a thermal oxidation method using dry oxygen (DryO 2 ), but the present invention is not limited to this.
- the insulating layer may be formed by a thermal oxidation method using dry oxygen and nitrogen (DryO 2 + N 2 ), or may be formed by a thermal oxidation method using wet oxygen (WetO 2 ).
- the insulating layer may be formed by a thermal oxidation method using wet oxygen and nitrogen (WetO 2 + N 2 ).
- an insulating layer made of a silicon oxide film may be formed by CVD.
- an insulating layer other than the silicon oxide film for example, an insulating layer made of a silicon nitride film may be formed.
- a photomask is used as a mask for etching the oxide film 116b.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- a pitch-based glass protective film may be used.
- the layer made of the glass composition for protecting a semiconductor junction is formed by electrophoresis, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- a layer made of the glass composition for protecting a semiconductor junction may be formed by a spin coating method, a screen printing method, a doctor blade method, or other glass layer forming methods.
- the glass composition for protecting a semiconductor junction for example, a glass composition for protecting a semiconductor junction obtained by adding an organic binder to the glass composition for protecting a semiconductor junction used in Embodiment 1 is preferably used.
- the present invention is different from the technique described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Sho 63-117929 in which the glass composition is changed to a glass ceramic body having a high crystallinity during the firing process of the glass layer.
- the semiconductor device and the manufacturing method thereof according to the present invention it is preferable to use a raw material which does not substantially contain Bi. By doing in this way, it becomes difficult for a glass layer to raise
- the present invention is different from the technique described in JP 2005-525287 A using a raw material containing Bi.
- the present invention is different from the technique described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-287984 using a raw material containing Cu.
- a raw material which does not substantially contain Li and Pb is used.
- the present invention is different from the technique described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-16272 using a raw material containing Li or Pb.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 53-36463 describes that zinc-based glass (glass having the highest zinc oxide content) is used as a glass layer for passivation.
- zinc-based glass has low chemical resistance (see Comparative Example 2 in the above example) and cannot be easily used in the present invention.
- 10 a resin-sealed semiconductor device, 20 ... lead frames, 21, 22 lead, 23 ... die pad, 30 ... Al wire 40 ... resin, 100,102,200 ... mesa semiconductor device, 110,910 ... n - Type semiconductor layer, 112, 912 ... p + type semiconductor layer, 114, 914 ... n - type semiconductor layer, 116, 118, 916, 918 ... oxide film, 120, 920 ... groove, 121 ... insulating film, 124, 924 ... Glass layer, 126,926 ... photoresist, 130,930 ... Ni plating electrode film forming portion, 132,932 ... roughened region, 134,234,934,234 ...
- anode electrode 136,236,936 ... cathode electrode, 210 ... n - -type semiconductor layer, 212 ... first p + -type semiconductor layer 212, 214 ... second p + -type semiconductor layer, 216 ... n + -type semiconductor Region, 238 ... Gate electrode layer
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Abstract
Description
前記ガラス層は、前記外周テーパ領域を被覆するように半導体接合保護用ガラス組成物からなる層を形成した後、当該半導体接合保護用ガラス組成物からなる層を焼成することにより形成されたものである樹脂封止型半導体装置であって、前記半導体接合保護用ガラス組成物は、少なくともSiO2と、Al2O3と、B2O3と、ZnOと、CaO、BaO及びMgOのうち少なくとも2つのアルカリ土類金属の酸化物とを以下の含有量で含有し、かつ、Pbと、Asと、Sbと、Liと、Naと、Kとを実質的に含有しない原料を溶融させて得られる融液から作製されたガラス微粒子からなり、かつ、前記原料のうちいずれの成分もフィラーとして含まない半導体接合保護用ガラス組成物であることを特徴とする。
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SiO2の含有量:49.5mol%~64.3mol%
Al2O3の含有量:3.7mol%~14.8mol%
B2O3の含有量:8.4mol%~17.9mol%
ZnOの含有量:3.9mol%~14.2mol%
アルカリ土類金属の酸化物の含有量:7.4mol%~12.9mol%
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SiO2の含有量:49.5mol%~64.3mol%
Al2O3の含有量:3.7mol%~14.8mol%
B2O3の含有量:8.4mol%~17.9mol%
ZnOの含有量:3.9mol%~14.2mol%
アルカリ土類金属の酸化物の含有量:7.4mol%~12.9mol%
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1.樹脂封止型半導体装置
図1は、実施形態1に係る樹脂封止型半導体装置10を説明するために示す図である。図1(a)は樹脂封止型半導体装置10の斜視図であり、図1(b)は樹脂封止型半導体装置10から樹脂を取り除いたものの平面図であり、図1(c)は樹脂封止型半導体装置10から樹脂を取り除いたものの側面図である。
図2は、実施形態1におけるメサ型半導体素子100を説明するために示す図である。
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SiO2の含有量:49.5mol%~64.3mol%
Al2O3の含有量:3.7mol%~14.8mol%
B2O3の含有量:8.4mol%~17.9mol%
ZnOの含有量:3.9mol%~14.2mol%
アルカリ土類金属の酸化物の含有量:7.4mol%~12.9mol%
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図3は、実施形態1に係る樹脂封止型半導体装置10の効果を説明するために示す図である。図3(a)は実施形態1に係る樹脂封止型半導体装置10に逆方向電圧を印加したときの様子を示す図であり、図3(b)は比較例に係る樹脂封止型半導体装置に逆方向電圧を印加したときの様子を示す図である。なお、図3中、破線は空乏層の先端部を示す。比較例に係る樹脂封止型半導体装置は、従来のメサ型半導体素子900を樹脂でモールドして樹脂封止型半導体装置としたものである。また、図3(b)におけるBT試験後とは、高温逆バイアス試験後のことである。
実施形態1に係る樹脂封止型半導体装置10は、以下のような方法(実施形態1に係る樹脂封止型半導体装置の製造方法)によって製造することができる。
図4及び図5は、実施形態1に係る樹脂封止型半導体装置の製造方法を説明するために示す図である。図4(a)~図4(d)及び図5(a)~図5(d)は各工程図である。
実施形態1に係る樹脂封止型半導体装置の製造方法は、図4及び図5に示すように、「半導体基板準備工程」、「溝形成工程」、「ガラス層形成工程」、「フォトレジスト形成工程」、「酸化膜除去工程」、「粗面化領域形成工程」、「電極形成工程」、「半導体基板切断工程」及び「樹脂封止工程」をこの順序で実施する。以下、実施形態1に係る樹脂封止型半導体装置の製造方法を工程順に説明する。
まず、n-型半導体基板(n-型シリコン基板)110の一方の表面からのp型不純物の拡散によりp+型半導体層112、他方の表面からのn型不純物の拡散によりn+型半導体層114を形成して、主面に平行なpn接合が形成された半導体基板を形成する。その後、熱酸化によりp+型半導体層112及びn+型半導体層114の表面に酸化膜116,118を形成する(図4(a)参照。)。
次に、フォトエッチング法によって、酸化膜116の所定部位に所定の開口部を形成する。酸化膜のエッチング後、引き続いて半導体基板のエッチングを行い、半導体基板の一方の表面からpn接合を超える深さの溝120を形成する(図4(b)参照。)。
次に、溝120の表面に、電気泳動法により溝120の内面及びその近傍の半導体基板表面に半導体接合保護用ガラス組成物からなる層を形成するとともに、当該半導体接合保護用ガラス組成物からなる層を焼成することにより、パッシベーション用のガラス層124を形成する(図4(c)参照。)。従って、溝120の内部におけるpn接合露出部はガラス層124により直接被覆された状態となる。なお、半導体接合保護用ガラス組成物としては、Pbを実質的に含有しない半導体接合保護用ガラス組成物を用いる。
----------------------------------
SiO2の含有量:49.5mol%~64.3mol%
Al2O3の含有量:3.7mol%~14.8mol%
B2O3の含有量:8.4mol%~17.9mol%
ZnOの含有量:3.9mol%~14.2mol%
アルカリ土類金属の酸化物の含有量:7.4mol%~12.9mol%
----------------------------------
次に、ガラス層124の表面を覆うようにフォトレジスト126を形成する(図4(d)参照。)。
次に、フォトレジスト126をマスクとして酸化膜116のエッチングを行い、Niめっき電極膜を形成する部位130における酸化膜116を除去する(図5(a)参照。)。
次に、Niめっき電極膜を形成する部位130における半導体基体表面の粗面化処理を行い、Niめっき電極と半導体基板との密着性を高くするための粗面化領域132を形成する(図5(b)参照。)。
次に、半導体基板にNiめっきを行い、粗面化領域132上にアノード電極134を形成するとともに、半導体基板の他方の表面にカソード電極136を形成する(図5(c)参照。)。
次に、ダイシング等により、ガラス層124の中央部において半導体基板を切断して半導体基板をチップ化して、メサ型半導体素子(pnダイオード)100を製造する(図5(d)参照。)。
次に、図示しないリードフレーム(図1参照。)におけるダイパッド23上にメサ型半導体素子100を実装することによりメサ型半導体素子100の一方の電極とリード21とを接続するとともに、メサ型半導体素子100の他方の電極とリード22とをAlワイヤー30で接続する。その後、これらを図示しない樹脂封止用金型に入れた後、モールド用樹脂を金型内に注入して硬化させることにより、樹脂封止型半導体装置を製造する。この樹脂封止型半導体装置を金型から取り出せば、実施形態1に係る樹脂封止型半導体装置10となる。
図6は、実施形態2におけるメサ型半導体素子102を説明するために示す図である。
図7及び図8は、実施形態2に係る樹脂封止型半導体装置の製造方法を説明するために示す図である。図7(a)~図7(d)及び図8(a)~図8(d)は各工程図である。
実施形態2に係る樹脂封止型半導体装置の製造方法は、図7及び図8に示すように、「半導体基板形成工程」、「溝形成工程」、「絶縁層形成工程」、「ガラス層形成工程」、「フォトレジスト形成工程」、「酸化膜除去工程」、「粗面化領域形成工程」、「電極形成工程」、「半導体基板切断工程」及び「樹脂封止工程」をこの順序で実施する。以下、実施形態2に係る樹脂封止型半導体装置の製造方法を工程順に説明する。
まず、n-型半導体基板(n-型シリコン基板)110の一方の表面からのp型不純物の拡散によりp+型半導体層112、他方の表面からのn型不純物の拡散によりn+型半導体層114を形成して、主面に平行なpn接合が形成された半導体基板を形成する。その後、熱酸化によりp+型半導体層112及びn+型半導体層114の表面に酸化膜116,118を形成する。
次に、フォトエッチング法によって、酸化膜116の所定部位に所定の開口部を形成する。酸化膜のエッチング後、引き続いて半導体基板のエッチングを行い、半導体基板の一方の表面からpn接合を超える深さの溝120を形成する(図7(a)参照。)。
次に、ドライ酸素(DryO2)を用いた熱酸化法によって、溝120の内面にシリコン酸化膜からなる絶縁層121を形成する(図7(b)参照。)。絶縁層121の厚さは、5nm~60nmの範囲内(例えば20nm)とする。絶縁層の形成は、半導体基体を拡散炉に入れた後、酸素ガスを流しながら900℃の温度で10分処理することにより行う。絶縁層121の厚さが5nm未満であると逆方向電流低減の効果が得られなくなる場合がある。一方、絶縁層121の厚さが60nmを超えると次のガラス層形成工程で電気泳動法によりガラス組成物からなる層を形成することができなくなる場合がある。
次に、電気泳動法により溝120の内面及びその近傍の半導体基板表面に半導体接合保護用ガラス組成物からなる層を形成するとともに、当該半導体接合保護用ガラス組成物からなる層を焼成することにより、パッシベーション用のガラス層124を形成する(図7(c)参照。)。半導体接合保護用ガラス組成物としては、実施形態1の場合と同様の半導体接合保護用ガラス組成物を用いる。
次に、ガラス層124の表面を覆うようにフォトレジスト126を形成する(図7(d)参照。)。
次に、フォトレジスト126をマスクとして酸化膜116のエッチングを行い、Niめっき電極膜を形成する部位130における酸化膜116を除去する(図8(a)参照。)。
次に、Niめっき電極膜を形成する部位130における半導体基板表面の粗面化処理を行い、Niめっき電極と半導体基板との密着性を高くするための粗面化領域132を形成する(図8(b)参照。)。
次に、半導体基板にNiめっきを行い、粗面化領域132上にアノード電極134を形成するとともに、半導体基板の他方の表面にカソード電極136を形成する(図8(c)参照。)。
次に、ダイシング等により、ガラス層124の中央部において半導体基体を切断して半導体基体をチップ化して、メサ型半導体素子(pnダイオード)102を製造する(図8(d)参照。)。
次に、図示しないリードフレーム(図1参照。)におけるダイパッド23上にメサ型半導体素子102を実装することによりメサ型半導体素子102の一方の電極とリード21とを接続するとともに、メサ型半導体素子102の他方の電極とリード22とをAlワイヤー30で接続する。その後、これらを図示しない樹脂封止用金型に入れた後、モールド用樹脂を金型内に注入して硬化させることにより、樹脂封止型半導体装置を製造する。この樹脂封止型半導体装置を金型から取り出せば、実施形態2に係る樹脂封止型半導体装置12となる。
1.試料の調整
図9は、実施例の条件及び結果を示す図表である。実施例1~8及び比較例1~4に示す組成比(図9参照。)になるように原料を調合し、混合機でよく攪拌した後、その混合した原料を電気炉中で所定温度(1350℃~1550℃)まで上昇させた白金ルツボに入れ、2時間溶融させた。その後、融液を水冷ロールに流し出して薄片状のガラスフレークを得た。このガラスフレークをボールミルで平均粒径が5μmとなるまで粉砕して、粉末状のガラス組成物を得た。
上記方法により得た各ガラス組成物を用いて以下の評価項目により評価した。なお、評価項目1~9のうち評価項目5,7,8については、実施例1~6は、半導体基体上に絶縁層を介してガラス層を形成し、実施例7~8及び比較例1~4は、半導体基体上に直接ガラス層を形成した。ガラス層の焼成は800℃~900℃の温度で行い、焼成時間は15分間とした。なお、比較例1のガラス組成物は、従来の「珪酸鉛を主成分としたガラス組成物」である。また、比較例2のガラス組成物は、従来知られている「鉛フリーのガラス組成物(パッシベーション用として市販されている鉛フリーガラス)」である。また、比較例3のガラス組成物は実施例3のガラス組成物と同じものである。また、比較例4のガラス組成物は、Bとアルカリ金属とをともに含有するガラス組成物(SiO2-B2O3-K2O-Na2O系ガラス組成物)である。
環境負荷の点に鑑みて、鉛成分を含まない場合に「○」の評価を与え、鉛成分を含む場合に「×」の評価を与えた。
焼成温度が高すぎると製造中の半導体装置に与える影響が大きくなるため、900℃以下の温度で焼成できる場合に「○」の評価を与え、900℃以下の温度で焼成できないる場合に「×」の評価を与えた。
ガラス組成物が王水及びめっき液の両方に対して難溶性を示す場合に「○」の評価を与え、王水及びめっき液の少なくとも一方に対して溶解性を示す場合に「×」の評価を与えた。
上記した「1.試料の調整」の欄で得られた融液から薄片状のガラス板を作製し、当該薄片状のガラス板を用いて、50℃~550℃におけるガラス組成物の平均線膨張率を測定した。平均線膨張率の測定は、島津製作所製の熱機械分析装置TMA-60を用いて、長さ20mmのシリコン単結晶を標準試料として、全膨張測定法(昇温速度10℃/分)により行った。
実施形態1に係る半導体装置の製造方法と同様の方法によって半導体装置(pnダイオード)を作製した。そして、その作製過程で、結晶化することなくガラス化できた場合に「○」の評価を与え、結晶化によりガラス化できなかった場合に「×」の評価を与えた。
実施形態1(実施例7及び8及び比較例1~4の場合)及び実施形態2(実施例1~6の場合)に係る半導体装置の製造方法と同様の方法によって半導体装置(pnダイオード)を作製し、ガラス層124の内部(特に半導体基体との境界面近傍)に泡が発生しているかどうかを観察した(予備評価)。また、10mm角の半導体基体上に実施例1~8及び比較例1~4に係るガラス組成物を塗布してガラス組成物からなる層を形成するとともに当該ガラス組成物からなる層を焼成することによりガラス層を形成し、ガラス層の内部(特に、半導体基体との境界面近傍)に泡が発生しているかどうかを観察した(本評価)。
実施形態1(実施例7及び8及び比較例1~4の場合)及び実施形態2(実施例1~6の場合)に係る半導体装置の製造方法と同様の方法によって半導体装置(pnダイオード)を作製し、作製した半導体装置の逆方向電流を測定した。図13は、実施例における逆方向リーク電流を示す図である。このうち、図13(a)は実施例3における逆方向リーク電流を示す図であり、図13(b)は実施例8における逆方向リーク電流を示す図である。その結果、半導体基板上に絶縁層を介してガラス層を形成した実施例3の樹脂封止型半導体装置においては、図13(a)に示すように、逆方向電圧VRを600V印加したとき、逆方向リーク電流が1μA以下であった。また、半導体基板上に直接ガラス層を形成した実施例8の樹脂封止型半導体装置においては、図13(b)に示すように、逆方向電圧VRを600V印加したとき、逆方向リーク電流が10μA以下であった。逆方向電圧VRを600V印加したとき、逆方向リーク電流が10μA以下の場合に「○」の評価を与え、逆方向リーク電流IRが10μAを超える場合に「×」の評価を与えた。
実施形態1(実施例7及び8及び比較例1~4の場合)及び実施形態2(実施例1~6の場合)に係る半導体装置の製造方法と同様の方法によって作製した半導体装置を樹脂でモールドして樹脂封止型半導体装置とし、この樹脂封止型半導体装置について高温逆バイアス試験を行い、高温逆バイアス耐量を測定した。高温逆バイアス耐量は、温度175℃に条件設定された恒温槽・高温バイアス試験機に試料を投入して、アノード電極・カソード電極間に600Vの電位を印加した状態で20時間にわたって5分毎に逆方向電流を測定することにより行った。
n型シリコン基板(不純物濃度:2.0×1014cm-3)の表面に電気泳動法によりガラス組成物層を形成した後、800℃の湿潤酸素雰囲気で焼成しガラス層を形成した。ガラス組成物としては、実施例1のガラス組成物と、比較例4のガラス組成物を用いた。その後、フッ酸によりガラス層を除去してn型シリコン基板の表面を露出させた。その後、n型シリコンの表面からの深さ方向において、拡がり抵抗測定装置(日本エス・エス・エム株式会社製:SSM2000)を用いてSRP分布(Spreading Resistance Profiler)を測定し、得られた拡がり抵抗から不純物濃度を算出した。
上記した評価項目1~9のうち1つも「△」又は「×」がない場合に「○」の評価を与え、各評価のうち1つでも「△」又は「×」がある場合に「×」の評価を与えた。
図9からも分かるように、比較例1~4はいずれも、いずれかの評価項目で「×」の評価があり、「×」の総合評価が得られた。すなわち、比較例1は、評価項目1,4,8で「×」の評価が得られた。また、比較例2は、評価項目3,4で「×」の評価が得られた。また、比較例3は、評価項目6で「×」の評価が得られた。また、比較例4は、評価項目4,7,9で「×」の評価が得られた。
なお、上記の実施例1~8の組成を決定するにあたっては、18水準による予備実験を行い、この結果を参考にした。図16は、18水準の組成及び結果を示す図表である。図16から以下の(1)~(4)の事項が分かった。
変形例に係る樹脂封止型半導体装置14(図示せず。)は、基本的には実施形態1に係る樹脂封止型半導体装置10と同様の構成を有するが、サイリスターからなるメサ型半導体素子を用いる点が実施形態1に係る樹脂封止型半導体装置10の場合とは異なる。
Claims (11)
- メサ領域を囲む外周テーパ領域にpn接合露出部を有するメサ型半導体基体及び少なくとも前記外周テーパ領域を被覆するガラス層を有するメサ型半導体素子と、
前記メサ型半導体素子を封止するモールド用樹脂とを備え、
前記ガラス層は、前記外周テーパ領域を被覆するように半導体接合保護用ガラス組成物からなる層を形成した後、当該半導体接合保護用ガラス組成物からなる層を焼成することにより形成されたものである樹脂封止型半導体装置であって、
前記半導体接合保護用ガラス組成物は、
少なくともSiO2と、Al2O3と、B2O3と、ZnOと、CaO、BaO及びMgOのうち少なくとも2つのアルカリ土類金属の酸化物とを以下の含有量で含有し、かつ、Pbと、Asと、Sbと、Liと、Naと、Kとを実質的に含有しない原料を溶融させて得られる融液から作製されたガラス微粒子からなり、かつ、前記原料のうちいずれの成分もフィラーとして含まない半導体接合保護用ガラス組成物であることを特徴とする樹脂封止型半導体装置。
-------------------------------
SiO2の含有量:49.5mol%~64.3mol%
Al2O3の含有量:3.7mol%~14.8mol%
B2O3の含有量:8.4mol%~17.9mol%
ZnOの含有量:3.9mol%~14.2mol%
アルカリ土類金属の酸化物の含有量:7.4mol%~12.9mol%
------------------------------- - 前記半導体接合保護用ガラス組成物は、50℃~550℃の温度範囲における平均線膨率が3.33×10-6~4.13×10-6の範囲内にある半導体接合保護用ガラス組成物であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の樹脂封止型半導体装置。
- 前記半導体接合保護用ガラス組成物は、SiO2の含有量とB2O3の含有量とを合計した値が、65mol%~75mol%の範囲内にある半導体接合保護用ガラス組成物であることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の樹脂封止型半導体装置。
- 前記原料は、Pを実質的に含有しないことを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の樹脂封止型半導体装置。
- 前記原料は、Biを実質的に含有しないことを特徴とする請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の樹脂封止型半導体装置。
- 前記ガラス層は、900℃以下の温度で前記半導体接合保護用ガラス組成物からなる層を焼成することにより形成されたものであることを特徴とする請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の樹脂封止型半導体装置。
- 前記外周テーパ領域は、前記ガラス層により直接被覆されていることを特徴とする請求項1~6のいずれかに記載の樹脂封止型半導体装置。
- 前記外周テーパ領域は、絶縁層を介して前記ガラス層により被覆されていることを特徴とする請求項1~6のいずれかに記載の樹脂封止型半導体装置。
- 前記半導体接合保護用ガラス組成物は、脱泡剤としての多価元素を実質的に含有しない半導体接合保護用ガラス組成物であることを特徴とする請求項8に記載の樹脂封止型半導体装置。
- 前記多価元素は、V、Mn、Sn、Ce、Nb及びTaを含むことを特徴とする請求項9に記載の樹脂封止型半導体装置。
- 主面に平行なpn接合を備える半導体基板を準備する半導体基板準備工程と、
前記半導体基板の一方の表面から前記pn接合を超える深さの溝を形成する溝形成工程と、
少なくとも前記溝の内面を被覆するように半導体接合保護用ガラス組成物からなる層を形成した後、当該半導体接合保護用ガラス組成物からなる層を焼成することによりガラス層を形成するガラス層形成工程と、
前記溝に沿って前記半導体基板を切断することにより、メサ型半導体素子を作製する半導体基板切断工程と、
前記メサ型半導体素子をモールド用樹脂で封止する樹脂封止工程とをこの順序で含む樹脂封止型半導体装置の製造方法であって、
前記半導体接合保護用ガラス組成物は、少なくともSiO2と、Al2O3と、B2O3と、ZnOと、CaO、BaO及びMgOのうち少なくとも2つのアルカリ土類金属の酸化物とを以下の含有量で含有し、かつ、Pbと、Asと、Sbと、Liと、Naと、Kとを実質的に含有しない原料を溶融させて得られる融液から作製されたガラス微粒子からなり、かつ、前記原料のうちいずれの成分もフィラーとして含まない半導体接合保護用ガラス組成物であることを特徴とする樹脂封止型半導体装置の製造方法。
-------------------------------
SiO2の含有量:49.5mol%~64.3mol%
Al2O3の含有量:3.7mol%~14.8mol%
B2O3の含有量:8.4mol%~17.9mol%
ZnOの含有量:3.9mol%~14.2mol%
アルカリ土類金属の酸化物の含有量:7.4mol%~12.9mol%
-------------------------------
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JP7218531B2 (ja) | 2018-10-04 | 2023-02-07 | 日本電気硝子株式会社 | 半導体素子被覆用ガラス及びこれを用いた半導体被覆用材料 |
WO2021149633A1 (ja) * | 2020-01-21 | 2021-07-29 | 日本山村硝子株式会社 | 低熱膨張性封着・被覆用ガラス |
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JPWO2013168236A1 (ja) | 2015-12-24 |
US9455231B2 (en) | 2016-09-27 |
EP2858098A1 (en) | 2015-04-08 |
EP2858098A4 (en) | 2016-01-27 |
CN103890935A (zh) | 2014-06-25 |
US20140361416A1 (en) | 2014-12-11 |
JP5827397B2 (ja) | 2015-12-02 |
EP2858098B1 (en) | 2020-12-02 |
US20140361446A1 (en) | 2014-12-11 |
CN104025267A (zh) | 2014-09-03 |
US9570408B2 (en) | 2017-02-14 |
CN103890935B (zh) | 2016-10-26 |
DE112013002390B4 (de) | 2023-11-09 |
DE112013002390T5 (de) | 2015-01-22 |
WO2013168236A1 (ja) | 2013-11-14 |
CN104025267B (zh) | 2017-02-15 |
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