WO2013161834A1 - 積層体の剥離検査方法及び剥離検査装置 - Google Patents
積層体の剥離検査方法及び剥離検査装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013161834A1 WO2013161834A1 PCT/JP2013/061955 JP2013061955W WO2013161834A1 WO 2013161834 A1 WO2013161834 A1 WO 2013161834A1 JP 2013061955 W JP2013061955 W JP 2013061955W WO 2013161834 A1 WO2013161834 A1 WO 2013161834A1
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- reflected wave
- peeling
- laminate
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- thin layer
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/07—Analysing solids by measuring propagation velocity or propagation time of acoustic waves
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B17/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of infrasonic, sonic or ultrasonic vibrations
- G01B17/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of infrasonic, sonic or ultrasonic vibrations for measuring thickness
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/44—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor
- G01N29/48—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor by amplitude comparison
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/023—Solids
- G01N2291/0231—Composite or layered materials
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/04—Wave modes and trajectories
- G01N2291/044—Internal reflections (echoes), e.g. on walls or defects
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/26—Scanned objects
- G01N2291/269—Various geometry objects
- G01N2291/2695—Bottles, containers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a laminate peel inspection method and a peel inspection apparatus.
- the present invention relates to an inspection method and a peeling inspection apparatus.
- Patent Document 1 as an example of a laminated body, a method for inspecting the peeling of the lining without stopping the operation has been proposed.
- an ultrasonic pulse is incident from the outside of the pipe, the attenuation rate of each reflection echo between the inner circumferential surface of the lining inside the pipe and the pipe body is calculated, and the presence or absence of peeling is investigated.
- the conventional method does not refer to a lining having a multilayer structure composed of a lining material and an adhesive layer, but when the adhesive layer and the lining material are both peeled from the plate material, the above method is used to estimate the peeling. May be possible.
- the lining material may peel off, and the adhesive layer may remain on the plate body.
- the difference between the portion where only the adhesive layer remains and the healthy portion is not clear, and it is difficult to detect the separation of only the lining material.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a laminate peel inspection method and a peel inspection apparatus that can easily detect delamination of a laminate while being simple.
- the laminate peel inspection method according to the present invention is characterized in that an ultrasonic wave is incident from one side of a laminate in which a plurality of members are laminated, a multiple reflected wave is received, and a received multiple reflection is received.
- the plurality of members are laminated via a thin layer that is thinner than the wavelength of the ultrasonic wave, and the plurality of members and the thin layer are preliminarily stacked.
- the multiple reflection waves are received at the sound part close to each other, the propagation time of the reflection wave that has been reflected multiple times in the multiple reflection wave is obtained, the multiple reflection wave is received at the inspection part of the laminate, By determining the propagation time of the reflected wave that has been reflected a plurality of times in the reflected wave, and comparing these propagation times, the presence of peeling at the first interface of the thin layer located on the side away from the one side is obtained. It is to inspect the.
- the propagation time of the reflected wave which repeated the reflection in multiple times in the healthy part is compared with the propagation time of the reflected wave which repeated the same number of reflections in a test
- a peak value of the reflected wave obtained by repeating the plurality of reflections in the multiple reflected wave received in the healthy part is obtained in advance, and the reflected wave obtained by repeating the multiple reflections in the multiple reflected wave received in the inspection unit. It is preferable to check for the presence or absence of peeling at the second interface of the thin layer located on the side close to the one side by comparing the peak values.
- the peak value of the reflected wave that has been reflected a plurality of times at the healthy part is compared with the peak value of the reflected wave that has been reflected the same number of times at the inspection part.
- FIG. 2 (c) when there is peeling at the second interface of the thin layer located on the side close to one side of the laminate, for example, as shown in FIG.
- the peak values of reflected waves are greatly different. That is, by paying attention to the peak value of the multiple reflected wave, it is possible to detect peeling at the second interface of the thin layer located on the side close to one side of the multilayer body. Thereby, each interface peeling can be detected.
- the thin layer may be made of a material that approximates the acoustic impedance of a member located on a side adjacent to the thin layer and separated from the one side rather than the member located on the one side.
- the side separated from one side of the laminate for example, as shown in FIG.
- the ultrasonic wave that has reached the first interface of the thin layer located at is substantially transmitted to the member separated from one side of the laminate, and the reflected wave from the interface is hardly detected.
- the ultrasonic wave that reaches the interface is substantially reflected by the peeling portion and does not pass through a member separated from one side of the laminate. Therefore, the reception signal at the healthy part does not include the reflected wave from the boundary surface, but the reception signal at the separation part includes the reflected wave from the boundary surface. Therefore, when the reflected waves that have been reflected a plurality of times are compared based on the presence or absence of this reflected wave, the above-described shift in the propagation time occurs, and the presence or absence of peeling can be detected more clearly.
- the thin layer is made of a material that is smaller than the acoustic impedance of a member located adjacent to the thin layer and spaced apart from the one side, and the plurality of the multiple reflected waves received in the healthy part in advance
- the phase of the reflected wave that has been repeatedly reflected is obtained, the phase of the reflected wave that has been repeatedly reflected a plurality of times in the multiple reflected wave received by the inspection unit is obtained, and the phase is separated from the one side by comparing these phases.
- the thin layer is made of a material that is smaller than the acoustic impedance of a member located on the side adjacent to the thin layer and separated from one side of the laminate.
- a part of the ultrasonic wave reaching the first interface between the thin layer and the member positioned on the side separated from one side of the laminate is caused by the difference in acoustic impedance. Reflect on.
- FIG. 5B when a peeling portion exists, the ultrasonic wave that reaches the interface is substantially reflected by the peeling portion and does not pass through a member located on the side separated from one side of the laminate. .
- the acoustic impedance of the thin layer is smaller than the acoustic impedance of a member located on the side adjacent to the thin layer and separated from one side of the laminate, and the acoustic impedance of the air constituting the peeling portion is even smaller. Therefore, phase inversion occurs due to the presence of the peeling portion.
- the phase of the reflected wave that has been reflected a plurality of times at the sound part and the phase of the reflected wave that has been repeated the same number of times at the inspection part are compared.
- the phase at the peeling portion is reversed with respect to the phase at the healthy portion. That is, it is possible to detect the separation at the first interface by paying attention to the phase inversion of the multiple reflected waves.
- the thin layer may be formed of a brazing agent or an adhesive. Further, the thin layer may be an altered portion in which at least a part of the surface layer portion of one adjacent member is altered.
- the plurality of members include at least a plate material positioned on the one side and a lining material provided on the other side of the plate material, and the thin layer is formed on the plate material.
- It may be an adhesive layer for adhering.
- the plate material is a steel material
- the lining material is a fluororesin lining material
- the adhesive layer is made of a material that approximates the acoustic impedance of the fluororesin lining material rather than the steel material.
- the said adhesive layer may be comprised from the adhesive agent and the glass cloth which adhere the said fluororesin lining material to the said steel material.
- the laminate is, for example, a liquid container tank.
- another feature of the laminate peel inspection method is that an ultrasonic wave is incident from one side of a laminate in which a plurality of members are laminated, and multiple reflected waves are received.
- the plurality of members include a first member located on the one side and a first member provided on the other side of the first member.
- the second member is formed to be thinner than the wavelength of the ultrasonic wave, and multiple reflections are performed in advance in the healthy portion where the first member and the second member are in close contact with each other.
- Receiving the wave, obtaining the propagation time of the reflected wave that has been reflected multiple times in the multiple reflected wave, receiving the multiple reflected wave in the inspection section of the laminate, and performing the multiple reflection in the multiple reflected wave Of repeated reflected waves Seeking among ⁇ is to inspect the presence or absence of peeling at the interface between the second member and the first member by comparing the propagation times.
- the propagation time of the reflected wave which repeated the reflection in multiple times in the healthy part is compared with the propagation time of the reflected wave which repeated the same number of reflections in a test
- a peak value of the reflected wave obtained by repeating the plurality of reflections in the multiple reflected wave received in the healthy part is obtained in advance, and the reflected wave obtained by repeating the multiple reflections in the multiple reflected wave received in the inspection unit. It is preferable to check the presence or absence of peeling at the interface between the first member and the second member by comparing the peak values.
- the peak value of the reflected wave that has been reflected a plurality of times at the healthy part is compared with the peak value of the reflected wave that has been reflected the same number of times at the inspection part. For example, as shown in FIG. 13B, when there is separation at the interface between the first member and the second member, the peak value of the reflected wave that has been reflected a plurality of times as shown in FIG. It is very different. That is, it is possible to detect peeling at the interface by paying attention to the peak value of the multiple reflected waves.
- the first member is made of a material that is smaller than the acoustic impedance of the second member, and the phase of the reflected wave obtained by repeating the plurality of reflections in the multiple reflected wave received in the healthy part in advance is set. Obtaining and obtaining the phase of the reflected wave that has been repeatedly reflected a plurality of times in the multiple reflected wave received at the inspection unit, and comparing these phases, peeling at the interface between the first member and the second member You may make it test
- the first member is made of a material that is smaller than the acoustic impedance of the second member.
- a part of the ultrasonic wave that reaches the interface between the first member and the second member is reflected at the interface due to the difference in acoustic impedance.
- FIG. 5B when a peeling portion exists, the ultrasonic wave that reaches the interface is substantially reflected by the peeling portion and does not pass through the first member.
- the acoustic impedance of the first member is smaller than the acoustic impedance of the second member, and the acoustic impedance of the air constituting the peeling portion is even smaller. Therefore, phase inversion occurs due to the presence of the peeling portion.
- the phase of the reflected wave that has been reflected a plurality of times at the sound part and the phase of the reflected wave that has been repeated the same number of times at the inspection part are compared.
- the phase at the peeling portion is reversed with respect to the phase at the healthy portion. That is, by focusing on the phase inversion of the multiple reflected waves, it is possible to detect the separation at the interface.
- the laminate peel inspection apparatus is characterized by a probe that receives ultrasonic waves from one side of a laminate in which a plurality of members are laminated and receives multiple reflected waves;
- the plurality of members are thin layers thinner than the wavelength of the ultrasonic wave
- the signal processing device previously received multiple reflected waves at a healthy part where the plurality of members and the thin layer are in close contact with each other, and repeated multiple reflections on the multiple reflected waves.
- another feature of the laminate peeling inspection apparatus is that a probe for receiving ultrasonic waves and receiving multiple reflected waves from one side of a laminate in which a plurality of members are laminated.
- the plurality of members are located on the one side
- the signal processing device includes at least a first member and a second member provided on the other side of the first member, and the second member is formed thinner than the wavelength of the ultrasonic wave.
- the first member and the second member receive multiple reflected waves in a sound part in close contact with each other, and determine the propagation time of the reflected wave that has been reflected multiple times in the multiple reflected wave,
- An interface between the first member and the second member is obtained by receiving a multiple reflected wave, obtaining a propagation time of the reflected wave obtained by repeating the multiple reflections in the multiple reflected wave, and comparing the propagation times.
- the purpose is to inspect the presence or absence of peeling.
- the signal processing device may further include a warning unit that warns when a difference in the obtained propagation times is a predetermined value or more.
- the signal processing device may further include a warning unit that warns when the phase at the inspection unit is reversed with respect to the phase at the healthy unit.
- the signal processing device may generate a scanned image by multiple reflected waves received by scanning the probe.
- Examples of the scanned image include a B-scan image and a C-scan image.
- the probe may be a single-element probe or a two-element probe.
- the laminate peel inspection method and peel inspection apparatus According to the characteristics of the laminate peel inspection method and peel inspection apparatus according to the present invention, it is possible to detect the delamination of the laminate clearly while being simple.
- FIG. 9 is a view corresponding to FIG. 3 in each test body of the laminate shown in FIG. 8.
- FIG. 9 is a view corresponding to FIG. 4 in each test body of the laminate shown in FIG. 8.
- FIG. 9 is a view corresponding to FIG. 5 in each test body of the laminate shown in FIG. 8.
- FIG. 9 is a view corresponding to FIG. 7 in each test body of the laminate shown in FIG. 8.
- FIG. 3 is a view corresponding to FIG. 2 according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a view corresponding to FIG. 3 according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a view corresponding to FIG. 4 according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5A is a diagram corresponding to FIG. 5A according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a view corresponding to FIG. 6 according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a view corresponding to FIG. 2 according
- a first member 20 and a second member 30 as a plurality of members are roughly stacked via a thin layer 40.
- a probe 2 that receives ultrasonic waves from one side 11 (surface 21) of the laminate 10 and receives multiple reflected waves, and a signal processing device 3 that processes and evaluates the received multiple reflected waves are provided.
- the signal processing device 3 is constituted by a personal computer, for example.
- a position detector 2 a such as an encoder for detecting a scanning position is attached to the probe 2 and is connected to the signal processing device 3.
- the signal processing device 3 controls the pulsar 4a to generate an ultrasonic pulse from the probe 2.
- the transmitted ultrasonic pulse passes through (or is transmitted through) the first and second members 20 and 30 and the thin layer 40, is reflected by the interfaces F 1 and F 2, and is received by the probe 2.
- the received multiple reflected waves are amplified by the receiver 4b and the preamplifier 5, and converted into a digital signal by the A / D converter 7 with the noise removed by the filter 6.
- signal processing is performed by the signal processing device 3 and displayed on the monitor 8. For example, as shown in FIGS. 3, 4, and 6, the monitor 8 displays a graph in which the horizontal axis is a time axis representing the propagation distance and the vertical axis is the intensity of the reflected wave.
- the signal processing device 3 processes the received signal together with the scanning position data of the probe 2 detected by the position detector 2 a, generates a scanning image such as a B-scan image or a C-scan image, and displays it on the monitor 8.
- the signal processing device 3 further includes warning means 3a that warns of the presence of peeling.
- the warning unit 3a is configured such that when the propagation time in the inspection unit is a predetermined time or more with respect to the propagation time (reference propagation time) in the healthy portion, or the peak value in the inspection portion is the peak value in the healthy portion (reference peak). Warning is given when the value is equal to or greater than a predetermined value. This warning is performed by, for example, a warning sound or a display on the monitor 8.
- the laminate 10 to be inspected in the present embodiment is, for example, a wall portion of a liquid container tank that stores liquid.
- This tank is, for example, a container tank according to the ISO standard.
- the laminate 10 includes a plate material as the first member 20 and a fluororesin lining material as the second member 30 for preventing the plate material 20 from being eroded from the contents. And this fluororesin lining material 30 is adhere
- the plate 20 is made of, for example, a stainless steel plate (SUS plate) having a thickness of 5 mm.
- SUS plate stainless steel plate
- fluororesin lining material 30 for example, a fluororesin lining (PTFE) having a thickness of 3.5 mm is used.
- the adhesive layer 40 in the present embodiment is constituted by an adhesive that adheres a fluororesin lining material 30 (hereinafter simply referred to as “lining material 30”) such as an epoxy resin adhesive to the plate material 20, for example. .
- the thickness is, for example, 0.1 mm or less, and is sufficiently thin with respect to the plate material 20 and the lining material 30.
- the sound velocity of the adhesive layer 40 is 1800 m / s and the frequency of the ultrasonic wave is 5 MHz, the wavelength is 0.36 mm, which is larger than the thickness of the adhesive layer 40.
- the reflected wave from the upper surface 41 of the adhesive layer 40 and the reflected wave from the lower surface 42 cannot be separated, and the signals of the surfaces 41 and 42 cannot be identified by the conventional vertical method.
- the present invention is advantageous for detection of peeling on the upper and lower surfaces 41 and 42 of the adhesive layer 40 having a thickness shorter (thin) than the wavelength of the ultrasonic wave.
- the plate material 20 is a member that is close to the one side 11 of the laminate 10
- the lining material 30 is a member that is separated from the one side 11 of the laminate 10.
- the lower surface 42 of the adhesive layer 40 becomes the first interface F1 of the thin layer located on the side separated from one side of the stacked body 10.
- FIG. 2A shows the behavior of reflection at a healthy portion where the plate material 20, the lining material 30, and the adhesive layer 40 are in close contact with each other and no separation exists.
- a part of the ultrasonic wave incident from the upper surface (front surface) 21 (the container outer surface 11) into the plate material 20 from the probe 2 is an interface between the lower surface (back surface 22) of the plate material 20 and the upper surface 41 of the adhesive layer 40. Reflected at the second interface F2 as shown by reference numeral P2.
- the ultrasonic wave transmitted through the second interface F2 propagates through the adhesive layer 40 and reaches the first interface F1 that is an interface between the lower surface 42 of the adhesive layer 40 and the upper surface 31 of the lining material 30.
- the reflection at the first interface F1 hardly occurs. Therefore, the reflected wave indicated by reference sign P1 is hardly received. Therefore, the reception waveform due to the multiple reflection at the healthy part is mainly formed by the reflected wave P2 from the second interface F2.
- FIG. 2B shows the reflection behavior when peeling occurs at the first interface F1. Since the peeling portion D1 is irrelevant to the reflection of the second interface F2, the peeling portion D1 is reflected at the second interface F2 as indicated by reference numeral P2, similarly to the healthy portion. On the other hand, at the peeling portion D1, an interface between the adhesive layer 40 and the air A is formed. Therefore, unlike the sound part, most of the ultrasonic wave transmitted through the second interface F2 is reflected at the interface between the adhesive layer 40 and the air A as indicated by reference numeral P1 '. Therefore, the reception waveform due to multiple reflection when the peeling portion D1 is present is a waveform obtained by adding the reflected wave P1 'from the peeling portion D1 and the reflected wave P2 from the second interface F2.
- FIG. 2 (c) shows the behavior of reflection when peeling occurs at the second interface F2.
- plate material 20 and the air A is formed. Therefore, most of the ultrasonic waves reaching the second interface F2 are reflected at the interface between the plate member 20 and the air A as indicated by reference numeral P2 ', and no reflected wave is generated at the first interface F1. Therefore, the reception waveform due to multiple reflection in the presence of the peeling portion D2 is formed substantially by the reflected wave P2 'from the peeling portion D2.
- FIG. 3 shows an example of an RF waveform generated by applying a band-pass filter (center frequency 5 MHz) to a signal received by the sound specimen TP0, the first and second peel specimens TP1, TP2.
- FIG. 4 shows a detection waveform corresponding to FIG.
- the sound test body TP0 imitated a sound portion in which the plate material 20, the lining material 30, and the adhesive layer 40 were in close contact with each other.
- the first peel test body TP1 was formed by adhering the plate material 20 and the adhesive layer 40 to simulate the peel portion D1 of the first interface F1.
- the second peel test body TP2 is composed only of the plate material 20 and simulates the peel portion D2 of the second interface F2.
- the vertical axis represents echo height (%)
- the horizontal axis represents propagation time ( ⁇ sec).
- the inventors measured the tendency of attenuation in each of the test specimens. As shown in FIGS. 5A and 5C, it was found that the tendency of attenuation (attenuation coefficient) was larger in the order of the second peel test specimen TP2, the first peel test specimen TP1, and the healthy test specimen TP0. Further, as shown in FIG. 5B, when the attenuation tendency of the healthy specimen TP0 is used as a reference, the sensitivity difference is larger in the second peeling specimen TP2 than in the first peeling specimen TP1, and the damping tendency is larger. I understood that. In FIG. 5A, the vertical axis represents the echo height (dB), and the horizontal axis represents the propagation time ( ⁇ seconds). In FIG. 5B, the vertical axis represents the sensitivity difference (dB), and the horizontal axis represents the number of reflections. The vertical axis
- shaft of FIG.5 (c) shows an attenuation coefficient (dB / mm).
- the mechanism of the above phenomenon is assumed as follows.
- the reflected wave P2 of the sound specimen TP0 is attenuated by reflection at the second interface F2 and transmission to the adhesive layer 40.
- the reflected wave P2 ′ of the second peel test specimen TP2 is less attenuated by reflection than the sound test specimen TP0 because it is reflected by the air A of the peel portion D2.
- the second peel test body TP2 does not transmit to the adhesive layer 40, it is not affected by the attenuation by the adhesive layer 40. Therefore, the attenuation of the second peel test specimen TP2 (peeling part D2) is smaller than that of the healthy test specimen TP0. Therefore, the peeling portion D2 can be detected by comparing the peak values (echo heights) of the reflected waves reflected a plurality of times.
- both the reflected wave P1 'from the peeling portion D1 and the reflected wave P2 from the second interface F2 are added together. Since the reflected wave P1 ′ of the first peel test specimen TP1 is reflected by the air A of the peel part D1, there is little influence of attenuation due to reflection. As shown in FIG. 5, the attenuation of the first peel test specimen TP1 is a healthy test specimen. Less than TP0. Therefore, when the reflection is repeated a plurality of times, the reflected wave P2 is further attenuated and the reflected wave P1 'becomes relatively large.
- the reflected wave P1 ' affects the waveform formation, resulting in a waveform that is shifted in time from the waveform of the healthy specimen TP0.
- This time lag is the thickness of the adhesive layer 40.
- the waveform of the healthy specimen TP0 is formed by the reflected wave P2 from the second interface F2, and does not include the reflected wave P1 from the first interface F1 corresponding to the reflected wave P1 '. Therefore, the peeling part D1 can be detected by comparing the propagation times of the reflected waves reflected a plurality of times.
- the peak time T1 of the reflected wave that has been reflected a predetermined number of times in the signal waveform S1 is the peak time of the reflected wave that has been repeated the same number of times in the signal waveform S0 of the healthy portion. Appearing later than T0, a time difference ⁇ T occurs. This is because the attenuation of the healthy part is larger than that of the peeling part D1, and when the reflection is repeated a plurality of times, the reflected wave from the peeling part D1 becomes relatively large, and the waveform is shifted in time with respect to the waveform of the healthy part. It is to become.
- the peak time T2 in the signal waveform S2 is substantially the same as the peak time T0 of the healthy portion. This is because any reflected wave is reflected at the second interface F2.
- the echo height H1 as the peak value of the reflected wave obtained by repeating a predetermined number of reflections in the signal waveform S1 is the same number of reflections in the signal waveform S0 of the healthy portion. Although it is slightly larger than the echo height H0 of the repeated reflected wave, there is no great difference.
- the echo height H2 in the signal waveform S2 is clearly protruding and large compared to the echo height H0 of the signal waveform S0 of the healthy portion. This is because in the case of the peeled portion D2 of the second interface F2, the attenuation is less because it is hardly reflected and transmitted by the air A having a higher reflectance than the healthy portion.
- the probe 2 is scanned at an appropriate interval along the surface 21 of the plate member 20, and an ultrasonic wave is incident to receive a multiple reflected wave.
- a peak time T and an echo height H as a propagation time of a reflected wave in which the same number of reflections are repeated in the wave as the previous predetermined number of times are obtained.
- the presence or absence of delamination at the first interface F1 between the lining material 30 and the adhesive layer 40 and delamination at the second interface F2 between the plate material 20 and the adhesive layer 40 are respectively determined. evaluate.
- a healthy part is a part selected as a location corresponded to a healthy part in the laminated body 10, for example.
- the sound test body TP0 as described above can be used, or other devices and other members corresponding to the sound test body TP0 can be used.
- the “sound part” is “part”, it corresponds to “any part of the laminated body 10 to be inspected” and “a test body (piece) separate from the laminated body 10 and this. Both “other devices and members” are included.
- a predetermined threshold time
- a predetermined threshold value amplitude
- the warning means 3a may warn when the peak value exceeds a predetermined value.
- the multiple reflected waves are processed together with the scanning position data of the probe 2 of the position detector 2a, and for example, a scanning image such as a B-scan image or a C-scan image is generated together with a graph as shown in FIG. May be. The presence or absence of peeling may be displayed on these images.
- the above-mentioned predetermined number of times is the number of times that the peak time T and the echo height H can be compared with respect to the waveform in the healthy part in consideration of the attenuation coefficient.
- the attenuation tendency in the healthy part is different from the attenuation tendency in the case where the peeling part D exists.
- the echo height of the reflected wave in the sound part such as a test piece is displayed so as to be displayed with an intensity of about 20% of 100% amplitude display.
- inspection part E becomes distinguishable with respect to a healthy part.
- FIGS. 3A and 4A when the number of reflections is small, a clear difference does not appear in the received signal, and it is difficult to identify the signal (identification of sound or peeling).
- the difference in propagation time (distance) of multiple reflected waves increases, the time lag increases, and the signal from the peeled portion of the second interface F2 becomes clear.
- the difference in attenuation is increased and the difference in echo height is also increased, so that the signal from the peeled portion of the first interface F1 becomes clear.
- it is set to about 20 times.
- the sensitivity may be adjusted as appropriate.
- the inventors conducted an experiment to verify the usefulness of the peel inspection method and the peel inspection apparatus according to the present invention. Using each of the test specimens described above, multiple reflected waves were received a plurality of times by the single transducer probe 2 having a center frequency of 5 MHz. FIG. 7 shows a graph comparing the results.
- FIG. 7 (a) is a graph showing the peak time difference of each test specimen based on the earliest peak time in the healthy part.
- the vertical axis represents the peak time difference ( ⁇ seconds).
- ⁇ seconds the peak time difference
- FIG. 7 (b) is a graph comparing the echo height (%) of each specimen.
- the vertical axis represents the echo height (%).
- the second peel test specimen TP2 a clear difference appeared in the peak value.
- the presence or absence of peeling at the second interface F2 can be detected by comparing the peak value of the healthy part and the peak value of the inspection part.
- the inventors also conducted the above test on a test body in which a fluororesin lining (PFA) was used as the lining material 30 ′ and the adhesive layer 40 ′ was composed of an adhesive 33 and a glass cloth 34.
- the experiment was conducted in the same manner as in Example 1.
- FIGS. 12 (a) and 12 (b) the same results as in Example 1 were obtained, and it was found that detection was possible.
- FIGS. 9 to 11 show examples of the RF waveform and the detection waveform and the attenuation coefficient in this specimen. The same results as described above were obtained with this lining material 30 '.
- the laminated body 10 in which the fluororesin lining material 30 (second member) is bonded to the plate material 20 (first member) via the adhesive layer 40 (thin layer) has been described as an example.
- the laminated body 10 as an inspection target is not limited to the one in which the plurality of members 20 and 30 are laminated via the thin layer 40 as the adhesive layer.
- delamination can also be detected in a laminated body 10 ′ in which the first member 20 ′ is directly provided with the second member 30 ′.
- the first and second members 20 ′ and 30 ′ are not limited to the materials of the first embodiment.
- the laminated body 10 ′ in the second embodiment includes a first member 20 ′ that constitutes one side 11 ′ of the laminated body 10 ′ serving as an ultrasonic wave incident position, and the first member. It has a two-layer structure consisting of a second member 30 'provided directly on the other side 22' of 20 '.
- FIG. 13 (a) shows the behavior of reflection at a healthy part where the first member 20 'and the second member 30' are in close contact with each other and no separation exists.
- the light is reflected as indicated by reference numeral P3 at the interface F3 which is the interface with the “upper surface 31”.
- the ultrasonic wave transmitted through the interface F3 propagates through the second member 30 ', reaches the lower surface 32' of the second member 30 ', and is reflected as indicated by reference numeral P4. Therefore, the reception waveform due to the multiple reflection at the healthy part is a waveform obtained by adding the reflected wave P3 from the interface F3 and the reflected wave P4 from the lower surface 32 'of the second member 30'.
- FIG. 13B shows the behavior of reflection when peeling occurs at the interface F3.
- the peeling portion D3 an interface between the first member 20 'and the air A is formed. Therefore, most of the ultrasonic waves that reach the interface F3 are reflected at the interface between the first member 20 ′ and the air A as indicated by reference numeral P3 ′, and are reflected on the lower surface 32 ′ of the second member 30 ′. Does not occur. Therefore, the reception waveform due to multiple reflection in the presence of the peeling portion D3 is substantially formed by the reflected wave P3 'from the peeling portion D3.
- FIG. 14 shows an example of an RF waveform generated by applying a band-pass filter (center frequency 5 MHz) to signals received by the healthy test specimen TP0 and the third peel test specimen TP3.
- FIG. 15 shows a detection waveform corresponding to FIG.
- the healthy test body TP0 imitated a healthy part in which the first member 20 ′ and the second member 30 ′ were in close contact with each other.
- the third peel test body TP3 is composed of only the first member 20 ′ and simulates the peel portion D3 of the interface F3.
- the tendency of attenuation is measured in each of the test specimens, as shown in FIG. 16, the tendency of attenuation (attenuation coefficient) is the third peel test for the healthy specimen TP0. It was found to be larger than the body TP3.
- the reflected wave P3 of the sound specimen TP0 is attenuated by reflection at the interface F3 and transmission to the second member 30 '.
- the reflected wave P3 'of the third peel test specimen TP3 is less attenuated by reflection than the sound test specimen TP0 due to reflection by the air A of the peel portion D3.
- the third peel test body TP3 does not transmit the second member 30 ', it is not affected by the attenuation by the second member 30'. Therefore, the attenuation of the third peel test specimen TP3 (peeling part D3) is smaller than that of the healthy test specimen TP0. Therefore, it is possible to detect the peeling portion D3 by comparing the peak values of the reflected waves reflected a plurality of times.
- the waveform of the healthy specimen TP0 is obtained by adding both the reflected wave P3 from the interface F3 and the reflected wave P4 from the lower surface 32 'of the second member 30'.
- the waveform of the third peel test body TP3 is formed by the reflected wave P3 'from the interface F3, and does not include the reflected wave P4 from the lower surface 32' of the second member 30 '.
- the reflected wave P3 ′ of the third peel test specimen TP3 is reflected by the air A of the peel part D3, so that the influence of attenuation due to the reflection is small. As shown in FIG. 16, the attenuation of the third peel test specimen TP3 is healthy. Less than TP0.
- the reflected wave P3 is further attenuated and the reflected wave P4 becomes relatively large.
- the reflected wave P4 affects the waveform formation, and the waveform of the third peel test specimen TP3 becomes a waveform that is shifted (fastened) with respect to the waveform of the healthy test specimen TP0.
- This time lag is the thickness of the second member 30 '. Therefore, the peeling part D3 can be detected by comparing the propagation times of the reflected waves reflected a plurality of times.
- the peak time T3 of the reflected wave that has been reflected a predetermined number of times in the signal waveform S3 is the peak time T0 of the reflected wave that has been repeated the same number of times in the signal waveform S0 ′ of the healthy portion.
- the echo height H3 as the peak value of the reflected wave that has been reflected a predetermined number of times in the signal waveform S3 is the echo height H0 ′ of the reflected wave that has been repeated the same number of times in the signal waveform S0 ′ of the healthy part. Compared to large. This is because in the case of the peeled portion D3, since the light is reflected and hardly transmitted by the air A having a higher reflectance than the healthy portion, the attenuation is small.
- the peak time T is used as a comparison target.
- the phase of the reflected wave is used together with the peak time T or instead of the peak time T. Specifically, the phase of the reflected wave that has been reflected a predetermined number of times in the healthy portion is obtained in advance as a reference phase. And the phase of the reflected wave which repeated the same number of reflections in an inspection part is calculated
- the thin layer 40 is made of a material that is smaller than the acoustic impedance of the second member 30.
- a part of the ultrasonic wave incident from the surface 2 (one side 11 of the laminate 10) of the first member 20 from the probe 2 is the same as in the previous embodiment. Reflected at the second interface F2 as indicated by reference numeral P2. Further, the ultrasonic wave transmitted through the second interface F2 is also reflected at the first interface F1 as indicated by reference numeral P1 ′′ due to the difference in acoustic impedance between the thin layer 40 and the second member 30.
- the acoustic impedance of air is extremely small and smaller than the acoustic impedance of the thin layer 40. Therefore, when the acoustic impedance of the thin layer 40 is smaller than the acoustic impedance of the second member 30, the phase is inverted with respect to the signal of the healthy part. That is, since the phase is inverted depending on the presence or absence of the peeling portion D1, it is possible to detect the peeling of the first interface F1 by detecting the presence or absence of the phase inversion. Thus, this embodiment is advantageous when a reflected echo is detected regardless of the presence or absence of peeling at the first interface F1.
- the first member 20 ′ is made of a material that is smaller than the acoustic impedance of the second member 30 ′
- the first member 20 ′ and the second member are reversed by phase inversion. It is possible to detect the separation of the interface F3 from 30 ′.
- the separation at each interface can be detected.
- the peak time T and the echo height H can be compared independently.
- the phase comparison shown in the third embodiment can be performed alone or in combination with the peak time T and / or the echo height H.
- the peak time of the reflected wave is used as the propagation time.
- the propagation time is not limited to the peak time, and for example, a rising (falling) time of the reflected wave or a time exceeding (falling) a predetermined amplitude may be used. That is, the propagation time only needs to be a time at which a time lag can be compared (identified) in each waveform of the healthy part and the inspection part.
- the single-element type probe that is also used for transmission and reception is used as the probe 2.
- a dual element probe in which transmission / reception is a separate unit may be used.
- a 5 MHz probe is used as the probe 2.
- the present invention is not limited to this frequency. However, if the frequency is large, the attenuation is large and the signal is small, and if the frequency is small, the waveform cannot be separated. Therefore, the material and thickness of the adhesive layer 40 may be set in consideration.
- the probe 2 is directly pressed against the surface 21 of the first member 20 to transmit / receive ultrasonic waves.
- the present invention can also be applied to a water immersion method.
- a steel material is used as the first member 20 constituting a part of the laminate 10 to be inspected.
- the first member is not limited to a steel material, and may be an ultrasonic transmission material such as another metal, glass, or resin.
- the laminated body 10 to be inspected is not limited to the container tank as in the first embodiment, and may be a constituent part of a pipe in addition to containers such as other tanks and containers.
- the second member 30 is not particularly limited to a fluororesin as long as it is an ultrasonic transmission material.
- the second member 30 can be various lining materials such as hard rubber and epoxy resin. Applicable. Of course, it is not limited to lining materials. The same applies to the first and second members 20 (20 ') and 30 (30') in the second and third embodiments. That is, the plurality of members may be any combination of different materials and the same materials.
- the thin layer 40 is composed of an adhesive that bonds the first and second members 20 and 30 together.
- the thin layer 40 is not limited to the adhesive layer, and may be constituted by, for example, a brazing agent for brazing.
- a material that approximates the acoustic impedance of a member that is adjacent to the thin layer 40 and that is located on the side separated from the incident position of the ultrasonic wave can be selected.
- the reflected wave P1 from the interface F1 between the member and the thin layer 40 is approximated to be difficult to detect, it is possible to detect the presence or absence of peeling by comparing the propagation time with the healthy part. Because it becomes.
- the former it is possible to select a material that does not approximate the acoustic impedance as the material of the thin layer 40. In such a case, a difference is easily generated in the attenuation of the reflected wave at the interface of the thin layer 40, and the presence or absence of peeling can be detected by comparing the echo height with the healthy part.
- the laminate 10 is laminated with the first and second members 20 and 30 through the adhesive layer 40.
- the number of members to be laminated is not particularly limited, and may be three or more.
- the thin layer 40 should just intervene in at least one part between the some members which comprise the laminated body 10, and the detection of peeling in the upper and lower surfaces 41 and 42 of the thin layer 40 is possible.
- the case where air is present in the peeling portion has been described as an example, but it is also possible to detect the case where liquid is present in the peeling portion (corrosion portion).
- the difference in sound pressure reflectivity results in a difference in the echo height of the reflected wave as the number of reflections increases. It is possible to distinguish between a healthy part and a peeled part.
- the presence or absence of liquid can also be determined by comparing with the echo height of the simulated peeling portion having air inside.
- the member constituting the target interface for detecting peeling (corrosion) and the material of the liquid it can be detected by the difference in the propagation time of the reflected wave.
- a substantially flat flaw detection surface has been described as an example, but the present invention is also applicable to a laminate having a curved surface.
- the attenuation increases as the number of reflections increases.
- the sound part and the inspection part are both curved surfaces having the same curvature, the influence of the curvature is offset. Therefore, it is possible to detect the presence or absence of peeling even in a member having a curved surface such as a pipe.
- the present invention is used, for example, as a peeling inspection method and a peeling inspection apparatus for a laminate that inspects peeling at each interface of a thin layer interposed between members in a storage container or piping as a laminate in which a plurality of members are laminated can do.
- the present invention can be applied to detection of delamination in a dissimilar material laminate such as adhesion between a CFRP material and aluminum and adhesion between aluminum and copper.
- it can be applied to brazing of aluminum and steel, brazing of turbine blades and stellite (heat-resistant alloy), soldering of aluminum.
Abstract
Description
図1に示すように、本発明の第一実施形態に係る剥離検査装置1は、大略、複数の部材としての第一の部材20、第二の部材30が薄層40を介して積層された積層体10の一側11(表面21)から超音波を入射すると共に多重反射波を受信する探触子2と、受信した多重反射波を処理し評価する信号処理装置3とを備える。この信号処理装置3は、例えば、パーソナルコンピューターにより構成される。また、探触子2には、走査位置を検出するエンコーダ等の位置検出器2aが取り付けると共に、信号処理装置3に接続されている。
ここで、本実施形態における検査対象となる積層体10は、例えば液体を保存する液体用コンテナタンクの壁部である。このタンクは、例えばISO規格に準ずるコンテナタンクである。図2に示すように、積層体10は、第一の部材20としての板材と、この板材20を内容物からの侵食を防ぐための第二の部材30としてのフッ素樹脂ライニング材とを有する。そして、このフッ素樹脂ライニング材30が薄層40としての接着剤よりなる接着層により板材20に接着されている。
ここで、超音波の挙動と反射波形との関係について説明する。
図2(a)は、板材20、ライニング材30及び接着層40が互いに密着し剥離が存在しない健全部での反射の挙動を示す。探触子2から板材20内部へその上面(表面)21(容器外面11)から入射した超音波は、その一部が板材20の下面(裏面22)と接着層40の上面41との界面となる第二界面F2で符号P2に示す如く反射する。
ここで、健全部、剥離部D1及び剥離部D2における受信波形の相違について、図3~5を参照しながら説明する。
図3に健全試験体TP0、第一、第二剥離試験体TP1,TP2にて受信した信号にバンドパスフィルター(中心周波数5MHz)を施して生成したRF波形の一例を示す。また、図4は、図3に対応する検波波形を示す。ここで、健全試験体TP0は、板材20、ライニング材30及び接着層40が互いに密着した健全部を模した。第一剥離試験体TP1は、板材20及び接着層40を接着させ第一界面F1の剥離部D1を模した。第二剥離試験体TP2は、板材20のみで構成し第二界面F2の剥離部D2を模した。図3,4の縦軸はエコー高さ(%)、横軸は伝搬時間(μ秒)を示す。
健全試験体TP0の反射波P2は、第二界面F2での反射及び接着層40への透過によって減衰する。一方、第二剥離試験体TP2の反射波P2’は、剥離部D2の空気Aでの反射のため、健全試験体TP0に比べ反射による減衰は小さい。また、第二剥離試験体TP2では接着層40への透過が生じないため、接着層40による減衰の影響を受けない。よって、第二剥離試験体TP2(剥離部D2)の減衰は、健全試験体TP0に比べ小さくなる。従って、複数回反射した反射波のピーク値(エコー高さ)を比較することで剥離部D2の検出が可能となる。
次に、第一、第二界面F1,F2における剥離の検出について、図6を参照しながら説明する。なお、本実施形態において、伝搬時間として、反射波のピーク時間を例に以下説明する。
このように、以下の積層体の剥離検査方法により、第一、第二界面F1,F2における剥離の有無を検査することが可能となる。
予め、板材20、ライニング材30及び接着層40が密着した健全部において板材20の表面21から超音波を入射すると共に多重反射波を受信し、その多重反射波における所定回数の反射を繰り返した反射波のピーク時間及びエコー高さを基準伝搬時間としての基準ピーク時間T0及び基準エコー高さとしての基準ピーク値H0として求めておく。次に、板材20の所定の検査部Eにおいて、板材20の表面21に沿って適宜間隔をおいて探触子2を走査すると共に超音波を入射させて多重反射波を受信し、その多重反射波において先の所定回数と同回数の反射を繰り返した反射波の伝搬時間としてのピーク時間T及びエコー高さHを求める。そして、これらのピーク時間及びエコー高さを比較することにより、ライニング材30と接着層40との第一界面F1における剥離及び板材20と接着層40との第二界面F2における剥離の有無をそれぞれ評価する。なお、健全部とは、例えば積層体10において健全部に相当する箇所として選定した部分である。また、上述の如き健全試験体TP0を用いたり、健全試験体TP0に相当する他の装置や他の部材を用いることもできる。このように、「健全部」とは「部」であるから、「検査対象となる積層体10の任意の箇所」及び「積層体10とは別体の試験体(片)及びこれに相当する他の装置や部材」の双方が含まれる。
上記第一実施形態において、接着層40(薄層)を介して板材20(第一の部材)にフッ素樹脂ライニング材30(第二の部材)を接着させた積層体10を例に説明した。しかし、検査対象としての積層体10は、接着層としての薄層40を介して複数の部材20,30が積層されたものに限られるものではない。例えば、図13に示す第二実施形態の如く、第一の部材20’に第二の部材30’が直接設けられた積層体10’においても、層間剥離の検出も可能である。なお、この第一、第二の部材20’,30’は、上記第一実施形態の材料に限られるものではない。
図14に健全試験体TP0、第三剥離試験体TP3にて受信した信号にバンドパスフィルター(中心周波数5MHz)を施して生成したRF波形の一例を示す。また、図15は、図14に対応する検波波形を示す。ここで、健全試験体TP0は、第一の部材20’及び第二の部材30’が互いに密着した健全部を模した。第三剥離試験体TP3は、第一の部材20’のみで構成し界面F3の剥離部D3を模した。
界面F3の剥離部D3の場合、その信号波形S3における所定回数の反射を繰り返した反射波のピーク時間T3は、健全部の信号波形S0’における同回数の反射を繰り返した反射波のピーク時間T0’よりも早く出現し、時間ずれΔT’が生じる。これは、健全部の減衰が剥離部D3よりも大きいため、複数回の反射を繰り返すと、剥離部D3からの反射波が相対的に大きくなり、健全部の波形に対し時間がずれた波形となるためである。
上記第一、第二実施形態において、比較対象としてピーク時間Tを用いた。しかし、第三実施形態では、ピーク時間Tと共に、又は、ピーク時間Tに代えて反射波の位相を用いる。具体的には、予め、健全部において所定回数の反射を繰り返した反射波の位相を基準位相として求めておく。そして、検査部において同回数の反射を繰り返した反射波の位相を求め、これら位相を比較する。ここで、薄層40は、第二の部材30の音響インピーダンスより小となる材料よりなる。
Claims (20)
- 複数の部材が積層した積層体の一側から超音波を入射すると共に多重反射波を受信し、受信した多重反射波を評価することにより層間剥離の有無を検査する積層体の剥離検査方法であって、
前記複数の部材は、前記超音波の波長よりも薄い薄層を介して積層されており、予め、前記複数の部材及び前記薄層が互いに密接した健全部において多重反射波を受信し、その多重反射波における複数回の反射を繰り返した反射波の伝搬時間を求め、前記積層体の検査部において多重反射波を受信し、その多重反射波における前記複数回の反射を繰り返した反射波の伝搬時間を求め、これら伝搬時間を比較することにより前記一側から離隔する側に位置する前記薄層の第一界面における剥離の有無を検査する積層体の剥離検査方法。 - 複数の部材が積層した積層体の一側から超音波を入射すると共に多重反射波を受信し、受信した多重反射波を評価することにより層間剥離の有無を検査する積層体の剥離検査方法であって、
前記複数の部材は、前記一側に位置する第一の部材と、この第一の部材の他側に設けられる第二の部材とを少なくとも含み、前記第二の部材は、前記超音波の波長よりも薄く形成されており、予め、前記第一の部材及び前記第二の部材が互いに密接した健全部において多重反射波を受信し、その多重反射波における複数回の反射を繰り返した反射波の伝搬時間を求め、前記積層体の検査部において多重反射波を受信し、その多重反射波における前記複数回の反射を繰り返した反射波の伝搬時間を求め、これら伝搬時間を比較することにより前記第一の部材と前記第二の部材との界面における剥離の有無を検査する積層体の剥離検査方法。 - 予め、前記健全部において受信した多重反射波における前記複数回の反射を繰り返した反射波のピーク値を求め、前記検査部において受信した多重反射波における前記複数回の反射を繰り返した反射波のピーク値を求め、これらピーク値を比較することにより前記一側に近接する側に位置する前記薄層の第二界面における剥離の有無を検査する請求項1記載の積層体の剥離検査方法。
- 前記薄層は、前記一側に位置する部材よりも前記薄層に隣接し且つ前記一側から離隔する側に位置する部材の音響インピーダンスに近似する材料よりなる請求項1又は3記載の積層体の剥離検査方法。
- 前記薄層は、この薄層に隣接し且つ前記一側から離隔する側に位置する部材の音響インピーダンスより小となる材料よりなり、予め、前記健全部において受信した多重反射波における前記複数回の反射を繰り返した反射波の位相を求め、前記検査部において受信した多重反射波における前記複数回の反射を繰り返した反射波の位相を求め、これら位相を比較することにより前記一側から離隔する側に位置する前記薄層の第一界面における剥離の有無を検査する請求項1又は3記載の積層体の剥離検査方法。
- 前記薄層は、ろう付け剤よりなる請求項1,3~5のいずれかに記載の積層体の剥離検査方法。
- 前記薄層は、接着剤よりなる請求項1,3~5のいずれかに記載の積層体の剥離検査方法。
- 前記薄層は、隣接する一方の部材の表層部の少なくとも一部が変質した変質部である請求項1,3~5のいずれかに記載の積層体の剥離検査方法。
- 前記複数の部材は、前記一側に位置する板材と、その板材の他側に設けられるライニング材とを少なくとも含み、前記薄層は、前記板材に前記ライニング材を接着させる接着層である請求項1,3~5のいずれかに記載の積層体の剥離検査方法。
- 前記板材は鋼材であり、前記ライニング材はフッ素樹脂ライニング材であり、前記接着層は前記鋼材よりも前記フッ素樹脂ライニング材の音響インピーダンスに近似する材料よりなる請求項9記載の積層体の剥離検査方法。
- 前記接着層が前記鋼材に前記フッ素樹脂ライニング材を接着させる接着剤とガラスクロスとよりなる請求項10記載の積層体の剥離検査方法。
- 前記積層体は、液体用コンテナタンクである請求項10記載の積層体の剥離検査方法。
- 予め、前記健全部において受信した多重反射波における前記複数回の反射を繰り返した反射波のピーク値を求め、前記検査部において受信した多重反射波における前記複数回の反射を繰り返した反射波のピーク値を求め、これらピーク値を比較することにより前記第一の部材と前記第二の部材との界面における剥離の有無を検査する請求項2記載の積層体の剥離検査方法。
- 前記第一の部材は、前記第二の部材の音響インピーダンスより小となる材料よりなり、予め、前記健全部において受信した多重反射波における前記複数回の反射を繰り返した反射波の位相を求め、前記検査部において受信した多重反射波における前記複数回の反射を繰り返した反射波の位相を求め、これら位相を比較することにより前記第一の部材と前記第二の部材との界面における剥離の有無を検査する請求項2又は13記載の積層体の剥離検査方法。
- 複数の部材が積層した積層体の一側から超音波を入射すると共に多重反射波を受信する探触子と、受信した多重反射波を評価する信号処理装置を備え、受信した多重反射波を評価することにより層間剥離の有無を検査する積層体の剥離検査装置であって、
前記複数の部材は、前記超音波の波長よりも薄い薄層を介して積層されており、前記信号処理装置は、予め、前記複数の部材及び前記薄層が互いに密接した健全部において多重反射波を受信し、その多重反射波における複数回の反射を繰り返した反射波の伝搬時間を求め、前記積層体の検査部において多重反射波を受信し、その多重反射波における前記複数回の反射を繰り返した反射波の伝搬時間を求め、これら伝搬時間を比較することにより前記一側から離隔する側に位置する前記薄層の第一界面における剥離の有無を検査する積層体の剥離検査装置。 - 複数の部材が積層した積層体の一側から超音波を入射すると共に多重反射波を受信する探触子と、受信した多重反射波を評価する信号処理装置を備え、受信した多重反射波を評価することにより層間剥離の有無を検査する積層体の剥離検査装置であって、
前記複数の部材は、前記一側に位置する第一の部材と、この第一の部材の他側に設けられる第二の部材とを少なくとも含み、前記第二の部材は、前記超音波の波長よりも薄く形成されており、前記信号処理装置は、予め、前記第一の部材及び前記第二の部材が互いに密接した健全部において多重反射波を受信し、その多重反射波における複数回の反射を繰り返した反射波の伝搬時間を求め、前記積層体の検査部において多重反射波を受信し、その多重反射波における前記複数回の反射を繰り返した反射波の伝搬時間を求め、これら伝搬時間を比較することにより前記第一の部材と前記第二の部材との界面における剥離の有無を検査する積層体の剥離検査装置。 - 前記信号処理装置は、求めた伝搬時間の差分が所定値以上の場合に警告する警告手段をさらに備える請求項15又は16記載の積層体の剥離検査装置。
- 前記信号処理装置は、前記探触子を走査して受信した多重反射波により走査画像を生成する請求項15~17のいずれかに記載の積層体の剥離検査装置。
- 前記探触子は、一振動子型探触子である請求項15~18のいずれかに記載の積層体の剥離検査装置。
- 前記探触子は、二振動子型探触子である請求項15~18のいずれかに記載の積層体の剥離検査装置。
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