WO2013132825A1 - 半導体装置およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
半導体装置およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013132825A1 WO2013132825A1 PCT/JP2013/001332 JP2013001332W WO2013132825A1 WO 2013132825 A1 WO2013132825 A1 WO 2013132825A1 JP 2013001332 W JP2013001332 W JP 2013001332W WO 2013132825 A1 WO2013132825 A1 WO 2013132825A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/40—Electrodes ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/41—Electrodes ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by their shape, relative sizes or dispositions
- H01L29/423—Electrodes ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by their shape, relative sizes or dispositions not carrying the current to be rectified, amplified or switched
- H01L29/42312—Gate electrodes for field effect devices
- H01L29/42316—Gate electrodes for field effect devices for field-effect transistors
- H01L29/4232—Gate electrodes for field effect devices for field-effect transistors with insulated gate
- H01L29/42372—Gate electrodes for field effect devices for field-effect transistors with insulated gate characterised by the conducting layer, e.g. the length, the sectional shape or the lay-out
- H01L29/42376—Gate electrodes for field effect devices for field-effect transistors with insulated gate characterised by the conducting layer, e.g. the length, the sectional shape or the lay-out characterised by the length or the sectional shape
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/40—Electrodes ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/41—Electrodes ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by their shape, relative sizes or dispositions
- H01L29/423—Electrodes ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by their shape, relative sizes or dispositions not carrying the current to be rectified, amplified or switched
- H01L29/42312—Gate electrodes for field effect devices
- H01L29/42316—Gate electrodes for field effect devices for field-effect transistors
- H01L29/4232—Gate electrodes for field effect devices for field-effect transistors with insulated gate
- H01L29/42356—Disposition, e.g. buried gate electrode
- H01L29/4236—Disposition, e.g. buried gate electrode within a trench, e.g. trench gate electrode, groove gate electrode
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66007—Multistep manufacturing processes
- H01L29/66075—Multistep manufacturing processes of devices having semiconductor bodies comprising group 14 or group 13/15 materials
- H01L29/66227—Multistep manufacturing processes of devices having semiconductor bodies comprising group 14 or group 13/15 materials the devices being controllable only by the electric current supplied or the electric potential applied, to an electrode which does not carry the current to be rectified, amplified or switched, e.g. three-terminal devices
- H01L29/66234—Bipolar junction transistors [BJT]
- H01L29/66325—Bipolar junction transistors [BJT] controlled by field-effect, e.g. insulated gate bipolar transistors [IGBT]
- H01L29/66333—Vertical insulated gate bipolar transistors
- H01L29/6634—Vertical insulated gate bipolar transistors with a recess formed by etching in the source/emitter contact region
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66007—Multistep manufacturing processes
- H01L29/66075—Multistep manufacturing processes of devices having semiconductor bodies comprising group 14 or group 13/15 materials
- H01L29/66227—Multistep manufacturing processes of devices having semiconductor bodies comprising group 14 or group 13/15 materials the devices being controllable only by the electric current supplied or the electric potential applied, to an electrode which does not carry the current to be rectified, amplified or switched, e.g. three-terminal devices
- H01L29/66234—Bipolar junction transistors [BJT]
- H01L29/66325—Bipolar junction transistors [BJT] controlled by field-effect, e.g. insulated gate bipolar transistors [IGBT]
- H01L29/66333—Vertical insulated gate bipolar transistors
- H01L29/66348—Vertical insulated gate bipolar transistors with a recessed gate
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/68—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor controllable by only the electric current supplied, or only the electric potential applied, to an electrode which does not carry the current to be rectified, amplified or switched
- H01L29/70—Bipolar devices
- H01L29/72—Transistor-type devices, i.e. able to continuously respond to applied control signals
- H01L29/739—Transistor-type devices, i.e. able to continuously respond to applied control signals controlled by field-effect, e.g. bipolar static induction transistors [BSIT]
- H01L29/7393—Insulated gate bipolar mode transistors, i.e. IGBT; IGT; COMFET
- H01L29/7395—Vertical transistors, e.g. vertical IGBT
- H01L29/7396—Vertical transistors, e.g. vertical IGBT with a non planar surface, e.g. with a non planar gate or with a trench or recess or pillar in the surface of the emitter, base or collector region for improving current density or short circuiting the emitter and base regions
- H01L29/7397—Vertical transistors, e.g. vertical IGBT with a non planar surface, e.g. with a non planar gate or with a trench or recess or pillar in the surface of the emitter, base or collector region for improving current density or short circuiting the emitter and base regions and a gate structure lying on a slanted or vertical surface or formed in a groove, e.g. trench gate IGBT
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/02—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/06—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by their shape; characterised by the shapes, relative sizes, or dispositions of the semiconductor regions ; characterised by the concentration or distribution of impurities within semiconductor regions
- H01L29/10—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by their shape; characterised by the shapes, relative sizes, or dispositions of the semiconductor regions ; characterised by the concentration or distribution of impurities within semiconductor regions with semiconductor regions connected to an electrode not carrying current to be rectified, amplified or switched and such electrode being part of a semiconductor device which comprises three or more electrodes
- H01L29/1095—Body region, i.e. base region, of DMOS transistors or IGBTs
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a semiconductor device in which a trench gate type insulated gate bipolar transistor (hereinafter simply referred to as IGBT) is formed and a method for manufacturing the same.
- IGBT trench gate type insulated gate bipolar transistor
- Patent Document 1 a structure for reducing on-resistance has been proposed in a semiconductor device in which a trench gate type IGBT is formed.
- an N ⁇ type drift layer is formed on a P + type semiconductor substrate constituting the collector layer.
- a P-type base layer is formed on the surface layer portion of the drift layer, and an N + -type emitter layer is formed on the surface layer portion of the base layer.
- a plurality of trenches that penetrate the base layer and the emitter layer and reach the drift layer are formed.
- the trench is formed from the surface of the base layer to a position reaching the drift layer, and a bottom portion that protrudes in a direction parallel to the planar direction of the drift layer is provided in the drift layer. That is, the trench is constituted by a first trench located in the base layer and a second trench (bottom) in which the interval between the opposing side walls is longer than the interval between the opposing side walls of the first trench. For this reason, in the adjacent trenches, the interval between the adjacent second trenches is shorter than the interval between the adjacent first trenches.
- a gate insulating film and a gate electrode are sequentially formed on the wall surface of each trench.
- An emitter electrode is provided on the base layer and the emitter layer through an interlayer insulating film, and the base layer, the emitter layer, and the emitter electrode are electrically connected through a contact hole formed in the interlayer insulating film.
- a collector electrode electrically connected to the collector layer is provided on the back surface of the collector layer.
- the angle formed by the coupling portion between the first trench and the second trench is a right angle, and when the device is turned on, a large electric field concentration occurs near the coupling portion, causing the semiconductor device to break down. There is a possibility of being. Further, since electrons supplied from the emitter region to the drift layer flow along the sidewalls of the trench, if the coupling portion between the first trench and the second trench is at a right angle, the electron flow direction is in the vicinity of the coupling portion. Will change abruptly. For this reason, the on-resistance increases.
- the present disclosure provides a semiconductor device that can suppress the occurrence of a large electric field concentration in the vicinity of the coupling portion between the first trench and the second trench when turned on, and can reduce the on-resistance. And it aims at providing the manufacturing method.
- a semiconductor device reaches the drift layer through the first conductivity type drift layer, the second conductivity type base layer provided on the surface side of the drift layer, and the base layer.
- a plurality of trenches extending in a predetermined direction, a gate insulating film provided on each of the wall surfaces of the plurality of trenches, a gate electrode provided on each of the gate insulating films, and a surface layer portion of the base layer,
- a first conductivity type emitter layer provided on the side of the trench, a second conductivity type collector layer spaced apart from the emitter layer across the drift layer, and the base layer and the emitter layer are electrically connected
- a collector electrode electrically connected to the collector layer.
- the trench communicates with the first trench having an opening on the surface of the base layer, and the interval between the opposing side walls is longer than the interval between the opposing side walls of the first trench.
- the bottom portion has a second trench located in the drift layer, and the wall surface of the coupling portion of the second trench coupled to the first trench is rounded.
- the wall surface of the coupling portion of the second trench is rounded, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of a large electric field concentration in the vicinity of the coupling portion. In other words, the electric field near the coupling portion can be reduced.
- the electrons are supplied from the emitter layer to the drift layer, it is possible to prevent the electron flow direction from changing sharply in the vicinity of the coupling portion. For this reason, reduction of on-resistance can be aimed at.
- Such a semiconductor device is manufactured by the following manufacturing method.
- the wall surface of the coupling portion of the second trench can be rounded.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the semiconductor device according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure.
- 2A to 2D are cross-sectional views showing manufacturing steps of the semiconductor device shown in FIG.
- FIGS. 3A to 3D are cross-sectional views showing the manufacturing process of the semiconductor device following FIGS. 2A to 2D.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a current concentration region and an electric field concentration region of the semiconductor device shown in FIG.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the semiconductor device according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure.
- 6A to 6C are cross-sectional views showing manufacturing steps of the semiconductor device shown in FIG. FIG.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the semiconductor device according to the third embodiment of the present disclosure.
- 8A to 8D are cross-sectional views showing manufacturing steps of the semiconductor device shown in FIG. 9A to 9D are cross-sectional views showing the manufacturing process of the semiconductor device following FIGS. 8A to 8D.
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of the semiconductor device according to the fourth embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 11 is a plan view of a semiconductor device according to the fifth embodiment of the present disclosure.
- an N + -type buffer layer 2 is formed on the main surface of a semiconductor substrate on which a P + -type collector layer 1 is formed.
- the buffer layer 2 is not necessarily required, but is provided to improve the breakdown voltage and steady loss performance by preventing the depletion layer from spreading.
- An N ⁇ type drift layer 3 is formed on the buffer layer 2, and a P type base layer 4 is formed on the surface side (surface layer portion) of the drift layer 3.
- a plurality of trenches that are formed in a direction perpendicular to the main surface of the semiconductor substrate constituting the collector layer 1 (hereinafter simply referred to as the main surface of the collector layer 1) and reach the drift layer 3 through the base layer 4
- Reference numeral 5 denotes a stripe extending in a predetermined direction (a direction perpendicular to the paper surface in FIG. 1).
- Each trench 5 includes a first trench 5a formed in the base layer 4, a second trench 5b that communicates with the first trench 5a and reaches the drift layer 3 from the vicinity of the interface between the base layer 4 and the drift layer 3. It is constituted by. That is, the second trench 5b of the present embodiment is formed from the base layer 4 to the drift layer 3, and the coupling portion 5c of the second trench 5b coupled to the first trench 5a is located in the base layer 4. ing.
- the interval between the opposing side walls is the interval between the opposing side walls of the first trench 5a. It is an elliptical shape having a portion that is longer than (length in the left-right direction in FIG. 1). That is, the second trench 5 b has a rounded shape (a shape having a curvature) at the bottom (bottom wall) and the side wall. That is, the trench 5 has a so-called bowl shape in the cross section in FIG.
- the interval between the shortest portions of the adjacent second trenches 5 b (A in FIG. 1) is shorter than the interval between the adjacent first trenches 5 a (B in FIG. 1).
- the interval between the shortest portions (A in FIG. 1) of the adjacent second trenches 5b can be about 0.5 ⁇ m
- the interval between the adjacent first trenches 5a (B in FIG. 1) can be about 1.5 ⁇ m.
- each trench 5 has a rounded shape (a shape having a curvature) on the wall surface of the coupling portion 5c of the second trench 5b coupled to the first trench 5a. That is, the upper end portion of the side wall of the second trench 5b (the portion coupled to the lower end of the first trench 5a) has a curved surface shape.
- the curved surface shape is a shape that protrudes outward from the second trench 5b.
- a gate insulating film 6 made of a thermal oxide film or the like is formed on the side wall of each trench 5, and a gate electrode 7 made of a conductive material such as doped Poly-Si is formed on the gate insulating film 6. Has been.
- An N + -type emitter layer 8 is formed on the side portion of the first trench 5 a in the surface layer portion of the base layer 4. Further, in the surface layer portion of the base layer 4, it is between the adjacent first trenches 5 a, opposite to the first trench 5 a across the emitter layer 8, and located between the adjacent second trenches 5 b.
- a P + -type contact layer 9 having a higher concentration than that of the base layer 4 is formed in a portion facing the drift layer 3. In other words, the contact layer 9 is formed immediately above the drift layer 3 located between the second trenches 5 b in the surface layer portion of the base layer 4.
- the contact layer 9 is formed to a position deeper than the emitter layer 8 in this embodiment. Further, the length in the direction perpendicular to the extending direction of the trench 5 and parallel to the main surface of the collector layer 1 (hereinafter simply referred to as the width) is shown in FIG. It is made longer than the interval (A in FIG. 1) of the shortest portion of the two trenches 5b.
- the width of the contact layer 9 can be set to about 0.8 ⁇ m, for example.
- An emitter electrode 11 is formed on the surface of the emitter layer 8 and the contact layer 9 and the surface of the gate electrode 7 via an interlayer insulating film 10.
- the emitter electrode 11 is a contact hole formed in the interlayer insulating film 10.
- the emitter layer 8 and the contact layer 9 are electrically connected through 10a.
- a collector electrode 12 that is electrically connected to the collector layer 1 is formed on the back side of the collector layer 1.
- N + type and N ⁇ type correspond to the first conductivity type
- P type and P + type correspond to the second conductivity type
- a semiconductor substrate in which a buffer layer 2, a drift layer 3, and a base layer 4 are sequentially formed on a semiconductor substrate constituting the collector layer 1 is prepared.
- the base layer 4 is formed by ion-implanting impurities into the surface side of the drift layer 3.
- an etching mask 13 composed of a silicon oxide film or the like is formed on the base layer 4 by a chemical vapor deposition (hereinafter simply referred to as CVD) method or the like, and the etching mask 13 is patterned to form the first trench 5a. Open a region to be formed.
- CVD chemical vapor deposition
- the first trench 5 a is formed by performing anisotropic etching such as reactive ion etching (hereinafter simply referred to as RIE) using the etching mask 13.
- anisotropic etching such as reactive ion etching (hereinafter simply referred to as RIE)
- RIE reactive ion etching
- the first trench 5a is It is formed up to the vicinity of the interface between the base layer 4 and the drift layer 3.
- the process of removing the damage of the wall surface of the formed 1st trench 5a is performed by performing chemical dry etching (CDE) etc. as needed.
- CDE chemical dry etching
- an etching mask 14 such as a SiN film is formed on the wall surface of the first trench 5a by a CVD method or the like.
- the etching mask 13 is left as it is, but the etching mask 14 may be formed after the etching mask 13 is removed.
- anisotropic etching such as RIE is performed to leave the bottom surface of the first trench 5a while leaving the etching mask 14 disposed on the side wall of the first trench 5a.
- the etching mask 14 disposed in the step is selectively removed.
- the etching mask 14 corresponds to a protective film.
- isotropic etching is performed on the bottom surface of the first trench 5a using the etching mask 14, so that the distance between the opposing side walls is opposite to that of the first trench 5a.
- a second trench 5b having a portion longer than the interval between the side walls is formed. Thereby, the bowl-shaped trench 5 is formed.
- the wall surface of the coupling portion 5c of the second trench 5b, the bottom of the second trench 5b, and the side wall of the second trench 5b are rounded, and the cross section The shape is circular.
- a gate insulating film 6 is formed on the wall surface of the trench 5 as shown in FIG.
- This gate insulating film 6 can be formed by, for example, CVD or thermal oxidation.
- a doped poly-Si film is formed on the gate insulating film 6 to form the gate electrode 7.
- a conventional general semiconductor device manufacturing process is performed to remove the insulating film and doped poly-Si formed on the base layer 4, and then the emitter layer 8, the contact layer 9, the interlayer insulating film 10, By forming the emitter electrode 11, the collector electrode 12, and the like, the semiconductor device shown in FIG. 1 is manufactured.
- the impurity constituting the contact layer 9 is ion-implanted by the acceleration voltage when the impurity constituting the emitter layer 8 is ion-implanted.
- the contact layer 9 can be formed deeper than the emitter layer 8.
- the on state will be described.
- a predetermined voltage for example, 15 V
- an inversion layer in which the portion of the base layer 4 in contact with the trench 5 is N-type is formed.
- electrons are supplied from the emitter layer 8 to the drift layer 3 through the inversion layer, and holes are supplied from the collector layer 1 to the drift layer 3, and the resistance value of the drift layer 3 decreases due to conductivity modulation. Turns on.
- the interval between the shortest portions of the adjacent second trenches 5b (A in FIG. 1) is shorter than the interval between the adjacent first trenches 5a (B in FIG. 1).
- the holes supplied to the drift layer 3 pass through the base layer 4. It becomes difficult to come off. Accordingly, a large amount of holes can be accumulated in the drift layer 3 and the total amount of electrons supplied to the drift layer 3 is thereby increased, so that the on-resistance can be reduced.
- the wall surface of the coupling portion 5c is rounded. For this reason, it can suppress that big electric field concentration generate
- the off state will be described.
- a predetermined voltage for example, 0 V
- the inversion layer formed in the base layer 4 disappears. Electrons are no longer supplied from the emitter layer 8 and holes are no longer supplied from the collector layer 1, and the holes accumulated in the drift layer 3 escape from the emitter electrode 11 through the base layer 4.
- the contact layer 9 is formed immediately above the drift layer 3 sandwiched between the adjacent second trenches 5b in the surface layer portion of the base layer 4, is formed deeper than the emitter layer 8, and has a width (see FIG. 1) is longer than the interval between the shortest portions of the adjacent second trenches 5b (A in FIG. 1). For this reason, the contact layer 9 is made shallower than the emitter layer 8 or the contact is made shorter than the interval (A in FIG. 1) of the shortest portion of the adjacent second trenches 5b. Holes can be easily removed from the emitter electrode 11 through the layer 9. Therefore, occurrence of latch-up can be suppressed.
- the wall surface of the coupling portion 5c is rounded. For this reason, it can suppress that big electric field concentration generate
- the 2nd trench 5b is also made into the shape where the bottom part and the side wall were rounded, it can also suppress that big electric field concentration generate
- the second trench 5b has a rounded shape, as shown in FIG. 4, regions where the electric field tends to concentrate are located near the coupling portion 5c and the bottom of the second trench 5b. It is considered to be a nearby region.
- the current concentration region is formed in the vicinity of the second trench 5b constituting the portion of the drift layer 3 in which the interval between the adjacent second trenches 5b is the shortest. In other words, the current concentration region is formed in the vicinity of the region of the drift layer 3 that is in contact with the portion of the second trench 5b between the coupling portion 5c and the bottom. Therefore, in the semiconductor device, since the electric field concentration region and the current concentration region are different, the maximum power can be reduced and the withstand capability can be improved.
- the coupling portion 5c (for example, at least the upper end portion of the coupling portion 5c) is located in the base layer 4, the generation of leakage current can be suppressed.
- the gate insulating film 6 When the gate insulating film 6 is formed, stress concentrates at the coupling portion 5c, so that defects are likely to occur in a region near the coupling portion 5c.
- a defect may occur in a region near the coupling portion 5 c in the drift layer 3.
- the depletion layer of the PN junction composed of the drift layer 3 and the base layer 4 may reach a defect when it is turned on. When the depletion layer reaches a defect when it is turned on, electrons and holes are combined or separated. As a result, a leak current is generated.
- the coupling portion 5c is located in the base layer 4 as in the present embodiment, even if a defect occurs, the depletion layer can be prevented from reaching the defect when turned on, and the leakage current can be reduced. Can be prevented from occurring.
- the contact layer 9 is deeper than the emitter layer 8 and has a width (C in FIG. 1) longer than the interval (A in FIG. 1) of the shortest portion of the adjacent second trenches 5b. For this reason, the contact layer 9 is shallower than the emitter layer 8, or the width (C in FIG. 1) is shorter than the interval (A in FIG. 1) of the shortest portion of the adjacent second trenches 5b. As compared with the above, holes can be easily removed from the emitter electrode 11 through the contact layer 9 at the time of OFF. Therefore, occurrence of latch-up can be suppressed.
- a part of the side wall of the second trench 5b is not rounded.
- a part of the side wall of the second trench 5 b has a shape having no curvature, and a part of the side wall extends in a direction parallel to the direction perpendicular to the main surface of the collector layer 1. .
- a part of the bottom of the second trench 5b is not rounded.
- a part of the bottom part of the second trench 5 b has a shape having no curvature, and a part of the bottom part extends in a direction parallel to the main surface of the collector layer 1.
- the second trench 5b has the same shortest interval (A in FIG. 5) as that of the first embodiment in the adjacent second trench 5b.
- the length in the vertical direction (the length in the vertical direction on the paper surface in FIG. 5) is longer than that of the second trench 5b in the first embodiment.
- Such a semiconductor device is manufactured as follows.
- the same process as in FIGS. 2A to 2C is performed to form the first trench 5a, and then etch the SiN film or the like on the wall surface of the first trench 5a.
- the mask 14 is formed by a CVD method or the like.
- anisotropic etching such as RIE is performed again on the bottom surface of the first trench 5a to remove the etching mask 14 disposed on the bottom surface of the first trench 5a.
- a third trench 5d reaching the drift layer 3 is formed.
- this 3rd trench 5d is comprised by anisotropic etching, the space
- the second trench 5b is formed by isotropically etching the third trench 5d to recede the opposite side walls of the third trench 5d.
- the second trench 5b is formed by isotropic etching with respect to the third trench 5d, and a part of the side wall and the bottom part recedes isotropically. Therefore, a part of the side wall and the bottom part is rounded. The shape is not tinged.
- isotropic etching is performed so that the interval between the shortest portions of adjacent second trenches 5b (A in FIG. 5) is the same as that in the first embodiment
- the third trench is used in this embodiment. Since isotropic etching is performed on 5d, the length of the second trench 5b in the direction perpendicular to the main surface of the collector layer 1 is longer than that of the second trench 5b of the first embodiment.
- the gate insulating film 6 and the gate electrode 7 are formed, and the emitter layer 8, the contact layer 9, the interlayer insulating film 10, and the emitter electrode 11 are formed.
- the semiconductor device shown in FIG. 5 is manufactured by forming the collector electrode 12.
- the length in the direction perpendicular to the main surface of the collector layer 1 in the second trench 5b is increased.
- the region of the drift layer 3 disposed between the adjacent second trenches 5 b becomes large, and holes accumulated in the drift layer 3 are difficult to escape through the base layer 4. Therefore, the same effect as the first embodiment can be obtained while further reducing the on-resistance.
- the gate insulating film 6 formed in the second trench 5b is formed by thermal oxidation to be thicker than the gate insulating film 6 formed in the first trench 5a, compared to the second embodiment. Since other aspects are the same as those in the first embodiment, description thereof is omitted here.
- the gate insulating film 6 formed in the second trench 5b is formed by thermal oxidation, and the thickness is formed in the first trench 5a. It is thicker than the insulating film 6.
- the thickness of the gate insulating film 6 formed in the vicinity of the coupling portion 5c of the second trench 5b coupled to the first trench 5a is also substantially the same as the thickness of the gate insulating film 6 formed in the second trench 5b. It is thicker than the gate insulating film 6 formed in the first trench 5a.
- a pile-up layer 15 configured by pile-up (segregation) of n-type impurities is formed in a portion of the drift layer 3 in contact with the second trench 5b.
- FIGS. 8A and 8B the same process as in FIGS. 2A and 2B is performed to form the first trench 5a.
- an insulating film 6a constituting the gate insulating film 6 is formed in the first trench 5a by thermal oxidation.
- the insulating film 6a is a thermal oxide film formed by thermal oxidation, but may be an oxide film formed by a CVD method or the like, for example.
- an oxygen-impermeable film 16 that suppresses thermal oxidation of the first trench 5a is formed in the process of FIG. 9C described later.
- a SiN film or the like is formed by a CVD method so as to cover the first trench 5a. That is, after the step of FIG. 8D is completed, the insulating film 6a and the oxygen impermeable film 16 are sequentially stacked in the first trench 5a.
- FIG. 9A the same process as in FIG. 6B is performed to remove the oxygen-impermeable film 16 and the insulating film 6a disposed on the bottom surface of the first trench 5a and to drift.
- a third trench 5d reaching the layer 3 is formed.
- the same process as in FIG. 6C is performed, and the third trench 5d is isotropically etched to recede the opposite side walls of the third trench 5d.
- the second trench 5b is formed.
- a thermal oxide film 6b constituting a gate insulating film 6 thicker than the insulating film 6a formed in the first trench 5a is formed in the second trench 5b.
- the oxygen impermeable film 16 is disposed in the first trench 5a and no thermal oxide film is formed in the first trench 5a, for example, wet oxidation with a heating time appropriately adjusted at 1150 ° C., for example.
- a thermal oxide film 6b thicker than the insulating film 6a is formed.
- the thermal oxide film 6b in this step may be formed by dry oxidation.
- the n-type impurities in the drift layer 3 pile up (segregate), and the pile up layer 15 is formed in the portion of the drift layer 3 in contact with the second trench 5b.
- the oxygen impermeable film 16 and the etching mask 13 are removed.
- the gate insulating film 6 is formed in the trench 5.
- the gate electrode 7, the emitter layer 8, the contact layer 9, the interlayer insulating film 10, the emitter electrode 11, and the collector electrode 12 are formed, whereby the semiconductor device shown in FIG. Manufactured.
- the pile-up layer 15 is formed in the portion of the drift layer 3 that is in contact with the second trench 5 b, holes accumulated in the drift layer 3 by the pile-up layer 15 cause the base layer 4 to be further accumulated. It becomes difficult to come out through. Therefore, a larger amount of holes can be accumulated in the drift layer 3, and the on-resistance can be further reduced.
- the depth of the trench 5 is different. Specifically, in the adjacent trench 5, one trench 5 is deepened, and in the deepened trench 5, the coupling portion 5 c of the second trench 5 b coupled to the first trench 5 a is in the drift layer 3. positioned.
- trenches 5 are formed in a lattice shape with respect to the first embodiment, and the other aspects are the same as those in the first embodiment, and thus the description thereof is omitted here.
- the trench 5 in addition to the trench 5 extending in a predetermined direction, the trench 5 is also formed in a direction perpendicular to the predetermined direction. That is, the trench 5 is formed in a lattice shape.
- the emitter layer 8, the contact layer 9, the interlayer insulating film 10, and the emitter electrode 11 are omitted.
- the first conductivity type is N type and the second conductivity type is P type.
- the first conductivity type may be P type and the second conductivity type may be N type. it can.
- the second trench 5b may be located only in the drift layer 3. That is, the first trench 5 a may be formed so as to reach the drift layer 3, and the coupling portion 5 c may be located in the drift layer 3. Even in such a semiconductor device, since the coupling portion 5c between the first trench 5a and the second trench 5b is rounded, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of a large electric field concentration in the vicinity of the coupling portion 5c. In addition, the on-resistance can be reduced.
- the gate insulating film 6 and the gate electrode 7 may be formed in the trench 5 after the emitter layer 8 and the contact layer 9 are formed.
- the contact layer 9 is described, but the contact layer 9 may not be provided. Further, the contact layer 9 may not be formed deeper than the emitter layer 8, and the distance (C in FIG. 1 and FIG. 4) of the shortest portion of the adjacent second trenches 5b (FIG. 1 and FIG. 4). 4 may be shorter than A). Even in such a semiconductor device, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of a large electric field concentration in the vicinity of the coupling portion 5c, and to reduce the on-resistance.
- the contact layer 9 may be formed as follows. It can. That is, by forming a minute trench on the surface of the portion where the contact layer 9 is formed, the contact layer 9 is positioned deeper than the emitter layer 8 even if the contact layer 9 is ion-implanted at a relatively low acceleration voltage. Can be formed.
- the method of manufacturing a semiconductor device using the semiconductor substrate constituting the collector layer 1 has been described.
- the following method may be used. That is, first, a semiconductor substrate constituting the drift layer 3 is prepared, and the base layer 4 is formed on the main surface of the semiconductor substrate. Thereafter, impurities may be ion-implanted from the back surface of the semiconductor substrate and heat treatment may be performed to form the collector layer 1.
- the collector layer 1 may be formed after the semiconductor substrate is thinned by polishing or the like.
- the vertical semiconductor device in which current flows in the thickness direction of the drift layer 3 has been described, but a horizontal semiconductor device in which current flows in the plane direction of the drift layer 3 may be used. That is, the collector layer 1 may be formed at a position separated from the base layer 4 in the surface layer portion of the drift layer 3.
- a semiconductor device in which the above embodiments are combined can be provided.
- the first and second embodiments can be combined with the third embodiment to provide a semiconductor device in which the pile-up layer 15 is formed.
- the second and third embodiments may be combined with the fourth embodiment to form a semiconductor device having a different depth of the trench 5, or the second to fourth embodiments may be combined with the fifth embodiment to form the trench 5 as a lattice.
- the semiconductor device may be formed in a shape.
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Abstract
Description
本開示の第1実施形態について図面を参照しつつ説明する。図1に示されるように、P+型のコレクタ層1を形成する半導体基板の主表面上には、N+型のバッファ層2が形成されている。このバッファ層2は、必ずしも必要なものではないが、空乏層の広がりを防ぐことで耐圧と定常損失の性能向上を図るために備えられている。
本開示の第2実施形態について説明する。本実施形態は、第1実施形態に対して第2トレンチ5bの形状を変更したものであり、その他に関しては第1実施形態と同様であるため、ここでは説明を省略する。
本開示の第3実施形態について説明する。本実施形態は、第2実施形態に対して第2トレンチ5bに形成されるゲート絶縁膜6を熱酸化により形成して第1トレンチ5aに形成されるゲート絶縁膜6より厚くしたものであり、その他に関しては第1実施形態と同様であるため、ここでは説明を省略する。
本開示の第4実施形態について説明する。本実施形態は、第1実施形態に対してトレンチ5の深さを異ならせたものであり、その他に関しては第1実施形態と同様であるため、ここでは説明を省略する。
本開示の第5実施形態について説明する。本実施形態は、第1実施形態に対してトレンチ5を格子状に形成したものであり、その他に関しては第1実施形態と同様であるため、ここでは説明を省略する。
上記各実施形態では、第1導電型をN型とし、第2導電型をP型とした例について説明したが、第1導電型をP型とし、第2導電型をN型とすることもできる。
Claims (7)
- 第1導電型のドリフト層(3)と、
前記ドリフト層(3)の表面側に設けられた第2導電型のベース層(4)と、
前記ベース層(4)を貫通して前記ドリフト層(3)に達し、所定方向に延設された複数のトレンチ(5)と、
前記複数のトレンチ(5)の壁面にそれぞれ設けられたゲート絶縁膜(6)と、
前記ゲート絶縁膜上にそれぞれ設けられたゲート電極(7)と、
前記ベース層(4)の表層部であって、前記トレンチ(5)の側部に設けられた第1導電型のエミッタ層(8)と、
前記ドリフト層(3)を挟んで前記エミッタ層(8)と離間して配置された第2導電型のコレクタ層(1)と、
前記ベース層(4)および前記エミッタ層(8)と電気的に接続されるエミッタ電極(11)と、
前記コレクタ層(1)と電気的に接続されるコレクタ電極(12)と、を備え、
前記トレンチ(5)は、前記ベース層(4)の表面に開口部を有する第1トレンチ(5a)と、前記第1トレンチ(5a)と連通し、対向する側壁の間隔が前記第1トレンチ(5a)の対向する側壁の間隔より長くされていると共に底部が前記ドリフト層(3)に位置する第2トレンチ(5b)とを有し、前記第1トレンチ(5)へ結合する前記第2トレンチ(5b)の結合部(5c)の壁面は丸みを帯びていることを特徴とする半導体装置。 - 前記第2トレンチ(5b)は、前記底部が丸みを帯びていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の半導体装置。
- 前記第2トレンチ(5b)は、前記結合部(5c)と前記底部との間の側壁が丸みを帯びていることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の半導体装置。
- 前記トレンチ(5)は、前記第2トレンチ(5b)が前記ベース層(4)から前記ドリフト層(3)に渡って形成され、前記結合部(5c)が前記ベース層(4)内に位置していることを特徴とする請求項1ないし3のいずれか1つに記載の半導体装置。
- 前記ドリフト層(3)のうち前記第2トレンチ(5b)と接する部分には、パイルアップ層(15)が形成されていることを特徴とする請求項1ないし4のいずれか1つに記載の半導体装置。
- 第1導電型のドリフト層(3)と、
前記ドリフト層(3)の表面側に形成された第2導電型のベース層(4)と、
前記ベース層(4)を貫通して前記ドリフト層(3)に達し、所定方向に延設された複数のトレンチ(5)と、
前記複数のトレンチ(5)の壁面にそれぞれ形成されたゲート絶縁膜(6)と、
前記ゲート絶縁膜(6)上にそれぞれ形成されたゲート電極(7)と、
前記ベース層(4)の表層部であって、前記トレンチ(5)の側部に形成された第1導電型のエミッタ層(8)と、
前記ドリフト層(3)を挟んで前記エミッタ層(8)と離間して配置された第2導電型のコレクタ層(1)と、
前記ベース層(4)および前記エミッタ層(8)と電気的に接続されるエミッタ電極(11)と、
前記コレクタ層(1)と電気的に接続されるコレクタ電極(12)と、を備え、
前記トレンチ(5)は、前記ベース層(4)の表面に開口部を有する第1トレンチ(5a)と、前記第1トレンチ(5a)と連通し、対向する側壁の間隔が前記第1トレンチの対向する側壁の間隔より長くされていると共に底部が前記ドリフト層に位置する第2トレンチ(5b)とを有し、前記第2トレンチ(5b)のうち、前記第1トレンチに結合する結合部(5c)の壁面は丸みを帯びている半導体装置の製造方法であって、
前記ドリフト層(3)の表面側に前記ベース層(4)を形成する工程と、
異方性エッチングにより前記ベース層(4)に前記第1トレンチを形成する工程と、
前記第1トレンチ(5a)の内壁表面に保護膜(14)を形成する工程と、
前記第1トレンチ(5a)の底面に配置された前記保護膜(14)を除去する工程と、
等方性エッチングを含む工程を行い、前記第1トレンチ(5a)と連通し、前記結合部(5c)の壁面が丸みを帯びている前記第2トレンチ(5b)を形成することにより、前記トレンチ(5)を形成する工程と、
前記トレンチ(5)の内壁表面に前記ゲート絶縁膜(6)を形成する工程と、
前記ゲート絶縁膜(6)上に前記ゲート電極(7)を形成する工程と、を行うことを特徴とする半導体装置の製造方法。 - 前記第2トレンチ(5b)を形成する工程では、異方性エッチングを行って前記第1トレンチ(5a)と連通する第3トレンチ(5d)を形成する工程と、前記第3トレンチ(5d)に対して等方性エッチングを行って対向する側壁の間隔を長くして前記第2トレンチ(5b)を形成する工程と、を行うことを特徴とする請求項6に記載の半導体装置の製造方法。
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JP6582762B2 (ja) * | 2015-09-03 | 2019-10-02 | 株式会社デンソー | 半導体装置 |
CN106960786A (zh) * | 2016-01-08 | 2017-07-18 | 常州中明半导体技术有限公司 | 一种增大沟槽的底部和顶部曲率半径的工艺 |
US10522620B2 (en) * | 2018-02-02 | 2019-12-31 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Semiconductor device having a varying length conductive portion between semiconductor regions |
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WO2021261397A1 (ja) * | 2020-06-26 | 2021-12-30 | ローム株式会社 | 半導体装置 |
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