WO2013008910A1 - 乾燥食品の製造方法 - Google Patents
乾燥食品の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2013008910A1 WO2013008910A1 PCT/JP2012/067917 JP2012067917W WO2013008910A1 WO 2013008910 A1 WO2013008910 A1 WO 2013008910A1 JP 2012067917 W JP2012067917 W JP 2012067917W WO 2013008910 A1 WO2013008910 A1 WO 2013008910A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- meat
- superheated steam
- steam treatment
- livestock
- food
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B4/00—General methods for preserving meat, sausages, fish or fish products
- A23B4/03—Drying; Subsequent reconstitution
- A23B4/037—Freeze-drying, i.e. cryodessication, lyophilisation; Apparatus therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B4/00—General methods for preserving meat, sausages, fish or fish products
- A23B4/005—Preserving by heating
- A23B4/0053—Preserving by heating with gas or liquids, with or without shaping, e.g. in form of powder, granules or flakes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B4/00—General methods for preserving meat, sausages, fish or fish products
- A23B4/06—Freezing; Subsequent thawing; Cooling
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L13/00—Meat products; Meat meal; Preparation or treatment thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
- A23L5/10—General methods of cooking foods, e.g. by roasting or frying
- A23L5/13—General methods of cooking foods, e.g. by roasting or frying using water or steam
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L13/00—Meat products; Meat meal; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L13/10—Meat meal or powder; Granules, agglomerates or flakes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing dry meat-based food.
- the thickness can be restored in about 3 to 5 minutes with an upper limit of about 10 mm.
- the thickness is 10 mm or more, it is often difficult to restore in about 3 to 5 minutes.
- Patent Document 1 A method for producing meat is disclosed (Patent Document 1). If this method is combined with the freeze-drying method, the possibility of producing thicker dried meat is expected. However, the above production method has a problem that the influence of the taste on the dried meat is increased due to a high content of sugar and the like.
- the present inventors have made it an object to develop a method for producing livestock meat ingredients that can be restored in about 3 to 5 minutes even if the thickness is larger than the conventional one.
- the first invention of the present application is A method for producing livestock meat-type dry foods that is poured and reconstituted with hot water or water, where the raw material for meat or the meat-type food is superheated with steam, the raw material for meat that has been superheated with steam, or the meat-type food is frozen. It is a manufacturing method including the process and the process of drying the frozen livestock raw material or livestock meat-type foodstuff under reduced pressure.
- the above production method it is preferable to include a step of imparting moisture to the raw meat material or the livestock food after the superheated steam treatment step and before the freezing step.
- a step of imparting moisture to the raw meat material or the livestock food after the superheated steam treatment step and before the freezing step.
- the superheated steam treatment step in a state where moisture contained in the raw meat material or livestock food is frozen.
- the superheated steam treatment process is performed in a state in which the moisture contained in the raw meat material or the livestock food is frozen, the superheated steam treatment can be performed simultaneously with thawing, which is effective in terms of shortening the production time.
- the above production method it is preferable to include a step of applying moisture to the raw material for meat or meat-based food and subsequent superheated steam treatment after the superheated steam treatment step and before the freezing step. Is more preferably repeated several times.
- the effect of the superheated steam treatment can be enhanced, and the restorability of the obtained dried food is improved. If this process is repeated a plurality of times, the effect of the superheated steam treatment can be further enhanced, and the restorability of the dried food obtained is further improved.
- the present invention relates to a dry food that is poured and restored by pouring hot water or water.
- the present invention relates to a dry food that uses livestock meat or livestock food.
- Such dried foods can be used for various foods such as instant cup noodles and cup soups. Moreover, it can also be used as an emergency food in an emergency as a preserved food.
- the livestock raw materials referred to in the present invention include chicken, pork, beef, horse meat, lamb and the like.
- the dry food of the present invention is produced using these raw meat materials.
- the raw material for livestock meat is not limited to a block-like mass, but includes a processed meat-like material.
- these raw meat materials can be used raw at the raw material stage, but can also be frozen.
- a superheated steam treatment can be used for frozen livestock when thawing.
- the livestock meat-based food according to the present invention refers to food using the above-mentioned livestock meat raw materials.
- livestock-based foods such as hamburger and meat dumplings, which are formed by using livestock raw materials (for example, beef and pork) and using them as mince and adding vegetables such as onions as appropriate, are applicable.
- livestock meat-type food said to this invention is made into the object of this invention.
- livestock raw materials such as minced meat
- vegetable raw materials such as onions and garlic are also used, but in addition to such vegetable raw materials, seasonings such as soy sauce and sauce and spices are used May be.
- Superheated steam treatment process (1) Superheated steam treatment Superheated steam refers to water vapor in which saturated steam is forcibly raised in temperature to 100 ° C. or higher under atmospheric pressure. The process of superheated steam treatment in the method for producing dried food can be performed as described above. Here, the conditions for the superheated steam treatment can be selected as appropriate. In general, the internal temperature of the superheated steam treatment apparatus is about 120 ° C. to 300 ° C., and the steam flow rate is about 100 to 250 kg / h per time. The processing time is typically about 10 seconds to 4 minutes.
- the superheated steam treatment process in the present invention can be added at various stages as a part or all of a general livestock-based dry food production process.
- livestock-based dried foods are manufactured through a heating process ⁇ freeze-drying process of livestock raw materials or livestock-based foods (hereinafter referred to as “livestock raw materials”).
- a heating process is a process required when manufacturing a normal livestock meat-type dried food, and is performed combining sterilization and cooking of livestock meat raw materials.
- the heating process uses steaming, boiling, frying, microwaves and the like. Since the superheated steam treatment is performed at a high temperature of 100 ° C. or higher as described above, it can be equivalent to a general heating process, or the superheated steam treatment process can be performed in addition to the general heating process. .
- the superheated steam treatment process can be performed before the heating process of livestock meat raw materials and the like.
- the method of performing a process in the order of superheated steam treatment of livestock meat raw materials, etc. ⁇ heating ⁇ freeze drying Further, in this case, when the raw meat material or the like is in a frozen state, it is effective because the superheated steam treatment can also be used for the purpose of thawing.
- a superheated steam treatment process can be added after the heating process. That is, there is a method in which the steps are performed in the order of heating raw material for meat, etc. ⁇ superheated steam treatment ⁇ freeze drying. Specifically, this is a case in which a superheated steam treatment is further added after heating the raw meat material with steam or the like.
- the superheated steam treatment can be used as a part of the heating process of the raw meat material. That is, as the heating step, superheated steam treatment and other heating methods (steamed, boiled, fried, microwave, etc.) can be used in combination.
- superheated steam treatment and steaming steam can be used continuously or separately as the heating step. That is, the steaming process can be performed continuously following the superheated steam process, or the steaming process can be performed first, and after cooling or the like, the superheated steam process can be performed.
- a microwave is used as the heating means, a method of performing superheated steam treatment during microwave irradiation is also possible.
- the superheated steam treatment may be performed a plurality of times. In other words, it is also effective to perform the superheated steam treatment again after applying moisture to the target raw meat material after performing the first superheated steam treatment. That is, when the superheated steam treatment for a long time is performed, the surface of the livestock meat may be dried. Therefore, a step of adding moisture to the surface is added. As described above, the effect of the superheated steam treatment can be enhanced by repeating the superheated steam treatment a plurality of times with the set of “superheated steam + moisture provision”.
- the method for imparting moisture is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected. Examples thereof include a method such as showering, immersion in an immersion bath, and the like. Moreover, a seasoning liquid can also be provided simultaneously at this time. Depending on the temperature, normal superheated steam treatment, depending on the moisture content of the object, the surface may be over-dried and lead to firing, unless intentionally intended for such purposes, It is necessary to apply moisture in the course of the superheated steam treatment process. The number of repetitions is not particularly limited, but the effect can be further enhanced by repeating the set of “superheated steam + moisture provision” twice or more.
- freeze drying Drying under reduced pressure in a frozen state
- a method of temporarily freezing the object and drying the frozen material under reduced pressure a so-called freeze-drying method
- a hot air drying method that simply gives hot air as a method for drying food, but this is not preferable for dry meat-based food because the tissue shrinks when the water evaporates.
- the freeze-drying method the drying proceeds by sublimation of ice in the frozen food, so that there is no change in form due to drying, and a porous dry product that remains in the form during cooking can be obtained. That is, it is thought that it can dry, hold
- Moisture provision before treatment before lyophilization It is preferable to impart moisture before the above-described freezing. By applying moisture, the dried food after freeze-drying can be restored uniformly with hot water or water without any unevenness in restoration. Specifically, after the heating step or the superheated steam treatment step described above, freezing and shifting to a freeze-drying step are performed, but moisture is applied before freezing. For example, in the case where the lyophilization process is performed directly after the superheated steam process, moisture may be applied before freezing. In the state where the water content of the target livestock meat has been reduced by the superheated steam treatment, water can be added again, and then freezing-> drying under reduced pressure can be performed to eliminate unevenness at the time of restoration and enable effective restoration. Moreover, it does not specifically limit as a method of moisture provision. That is, a method of applying moisture by a spray or the like, or a method of immersing in water or a seasoning liquid is possible.
- Freeze-drying method The raw material for frozen meat is dried under reduced pressure (freeze-drying method). The lyophilization is performed under normal conditions. The vacuum is approximately 0.8 Torr or less, the shelf temperature is approximately 50 ° C. to 70 ° C., and approximately 14 to 24 hours.
- Dry food after freeze-drying Dry food after freeze-drying can be used for various instant foods. In particular, it can be used as ingredients such as instant cup noodles. In addition, when used for instant cup noodles, it is necessary to restore it for about 3 to 5 minutes. However, the dried food obtained by the production method of the present invention is difficult to restore by the dried food obtained by the conventional production method. The thick dry meat-based food can also be restored.
- Example 1 (In the case of superheated steam treatment only) Using chicken as a raw material for livestock, the effect of superheated steam treatment was compared using freeze-dried fried chicken.
- the freeze-dried fried chicken was prepared according to the following procedure. Excess fat, muscles, blood vessels, and the like were removed from the block-shaped chicken breast (product temperature: 10 ° C. or lower). The obtained chicken breast was chopped with a chopper with a mincer plate hole size of 4.7 mm. Mix 1000g of chicken breast after chopping with vegetable protein 400g reconstituted to 4 times amount, seasoning (contains soy sauce, salt, sugar, reduced starch syrup, spices, etc.) 200g, and water 200g. Mix for 3 minutes. The mixed chicken breasts were packed in a casing with a diameter of 60 mm (450 g / 60 cm) and frozen at ⁇ 40 ° C. for 3 hours.
- the chicken breast was cut so as to have a width of 20 mm in a frozen state.
- the cut chicken breast is “superheated steam treatment (1 minute) ⁇ water immersion (30 seconds) ⁇ superheated steam treatment (1 minute) ⁇ water immersion (30 seconds) ) ⁇ Superheated steam treatment (1 minute) ”.
- the superheated steam treatment was performed under the conditions of a steam temperature of 180 ° C. and a steam flow rate of 150 kg / h.
- the chicken breast after the superheated steam treatment is cooled with water, and 0.5 g / piece of frying clothes (flour, seasonings, spices and pigments) is added to the surface and fried with palm oil at 180 ° C for 20 seconds.
- Fried food was prepared. Next, the fried chicken was slowly frozen at a product temperature of 0 to -10 ° C. over about 10 hours. Furthermore, the fried chicken was put into a vacuum freeze dryer and freeze-dried by holding it at a shelf temperature of 60 ° C. and 0.8 Torr for 24 hours to complete the fried chicken breast.
- Example 2 When steam treatment and superheated steam treatment are combined, Superheated steam treatment step in Example 1 (“superheated steam treatment (1 minute) ⁇ water immersion (30 seconds) ⁇ superheated steam treatment (1 minute) ⁇ water immersion (30 seconds) ⁇ superheated steam treatment (1 minute)”) Previously, steaming (98 ° C.) was performed for 8 minutes, and the other steps were performed in the same manner as in Example 1 to complete the fried chicken breast.
- Example 3 Using pork as raw material for livestock, freeze-dried pork simmered was produced and the effect of superheated steam treatment was confirmed.
- the freeze-dried pork simmered was prepared by the following procedure. Excess fat, muscles and blood vessels were removed from block-like pork (product temperature of 10 ° C. or lower). A pickle solution was poured into the obtained pork, tumbled for 12 hours, and allowed to stand at 10 ° C. or lower overnight.
- a porcelain surface was coated with a binder, filled into a retainer, molded, allowed to stand at room temperature for 60 minutes, and then steam was applied so that the product temperature could be maintained at 92 ° C. for 90 minutes.
- the steamed pork was cooled with running water for 10 minutes, and slowly frozen at a product temperature of 0 to -10 ° C. over 10 hours.
- the cut pork (in a thawed state) was held for 1 minute at an internal temperature of 160 ° C.
- the seasoning liquid was added to the cut pork after the superheated steam treatment and immersed at 4 ° C. overnight. After soaking, the cut pork was drained and slowly frozen at a product temperature of 0 to -10 ° C. over 10 hours. Further, the frozen cut pork was put into a vacuum freeze dryer, and freeze-dried by holding at a shelf temperature of 60 ° C. and 0.8 Torr for 24 hours to prepare a dried pork simmered.
- Example 4 A hamburger dry food, which is a livestock meat food, was produced as follows. As raw materials for livestock, 160 g of pork and 160 g of pork fat were added and stirred, and 100 g of onion was further added and mixed. To this, 70 g of granular protein, 43 g of bread crumbs, 400 g of water and 12 g of extracts were added and stirred, sufficiently stirred, and mixed with a mixer so that the whole became uniform. Next, the mixture was 70 mm ⁇ 55 mm and the thickness was 15 mm to prepare a ground meat mixture of 56 g per piece.
- the minced meat mixture was steamed (98 ° C., 8 minutes) (80 ° C. temperature was maintained for 1 minute). Then, the superheated steam treatment was performed by holding the molded product after the steam for 2.5 minutes at a chamber temperature of 290 ° C. and a steam flow rate of 170 kg / h using a superheated steam treatment device (continuous flat type conveyor).
- the hamburger after the superheated steam treatment was cooled by air cooling.
- the cooled hamburger was slowly frozen at a product temperature of 0 to -10 ° C. over 10 hours.
- the frozen hamburger was put into a vacuum freeze dryer, and freeze-dried by holding it at a shelf temperature of 60 ° C. and 0.8 Torr for 24 hours to complete a dried hamburger.
- Example 5 (When superheated steam treatment and water immersion are combined) The air cooling after the superheated steam treatment in Example 4 was changed to water immersion (1 minute), and the other steps were performed in the same manner as in Example 4 to complete the dried hamburger.
- Example 4 was performed in the same manner as in Example 4 except that oven heating (290 ° C., 2.5 minutes) was performed instead of superheated steam treatment.
- the resilience was improved by performing the superheated steam treatment. Further, the restoration property was further improved by applying moisture before lyophilization.
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Abstract
Description
このような畜肉系の乾燥食品は、熱湯を注加し、3~5分程度で復元する必要がある。所定の時間内に復元するためには、畜肉系の乾燥具材の大きさ(厚み)が重要になっていた。
しかし、上記製造方法では、砂糖等の含量が多いため乾燥肉に対する味の影響も大きくなってしまうという問題点があった。
お湯又は水を注いで復元して喫食する、畜肉系の乾燥食品の製造方法であって、畜肉原料又は畜肉系食品を過熱蒸気処理する工程、過熱蒸気処理した畜肉原料又は畜肉系食品を凍結する工程、及び凍結した畜肉原料又は畜肉系食品を減圧下にて乾燥する工程を含む、製造方法、である。
本発明は、お湯又は水を注いで復元する乾燥食品に関するものである。また、特に畜肉原料又は畜肉系食品を利用する乾燥食品に関するものである。このような乾燥食品は、即席カップ麺やカップスープ等の各種食品に用いることができる。また、保存食等として緊急時の非常食として用いることもできる。
本発明にいう畜肉原料とは、鶏肉、豚肉、牛肉、馬肉及び羊肉等が挙げられる。これらの畜肉原料を用いて本発明の乾燥食品の製造を行う。また、畜肉原料はブロック状のような塊状のものにかぎられずミンチ状等に処理したものも含まれる。本発明の製造方法において、これらの畜肉原料は、原料段階で生のままでも使用できるが、凍結したものを用いることもできる。
また、後述するが本発明においては凍結状態の畜肉に対して解凍時に過熱蒸気処理を用いることもできる。
本発明にいう畜肉系食品とは、上記畜肉原料を用いた食品をいう。例えば、畜肉原料(例えば、牛肉や豚肉)を用い、これをミンチとして、さらに適宜たまねぎ等の野菜を加えて成型したハンバーグや肉団子等の畜肉系の食品が該当する。
このように本発明にいう畜肉系食品には本発明の対象としている。ひき肉等の畜肉原料を用いてハンバーグ等を調製する場合、たまねぎやにんにく等の野菜系の原料も用いられるが、このような野菜系の原料の他、醤油及びソース等の調味料並びに香辛料が用いられてもよい。
(1)過熱蒸気処理
過熱蒸気とは、飽和蒸気を大気圧下において強制的に100℃以上に温度を上昇させた水蒸気のことをいう。乾燥食品の製造方法における過熱蒸気処理の工程は上述のように行うことができる。
ここで、過熱蒸気処理の条件については適宜選択することができるが、概ね、過熱蒸気処理装置の庫内温度は120℃~300℃程度、蒸気流量は100~250kg/h程度、1回あたりの処理時間は10秒~4分程度が標準的である。
本発明における過熱蒸気処理工程については、一般的な畜肉系の乾燥食品の製造工程の一部又は全部として種々の段階で加えることができる。
一般的には、畜肉系の乾燥食品は、畜肉原料又は畜肉系食品(以下、“畜肉原料等”とする)の加熱工程→凍結乾燥の工程を経て製造される。
加熱工程は、通常の畜肉系の乾燥食品を製造する場合に必要な工程であり、畜肉原料等の殺菌及び調理を兼ねて行われる。通常、加熱工程は、蒸煮、茹で、フライ及びマイクロウエーブ等が用いられる。
過熱蒸気処理は上述のように100℃以上の高温度で行うため、一般的な加熱工程に相当させることもできるし、あるいは一般的な加熱工程に追加して過熱蒸気処理工程を行うこともできる。
まず、畜肉系の乾燥食品の製造方法において、過熱蒸気処理工程を畜肉原料等の加熱工程の前に行うことができる。例えば、畜肉原料等の過熱蒸気処理→加熱→凍結乾燥の順で工程を行う方法が挙げられる。また、この場合、畜肉原料等が凍結状態である場合には、過熱蒸気処理を解凍の目的も兼ねて使用できるため効果的である。
次に、加熱工程の後に過熱蒸気処理工程を付加することもできる。すなわち、畜肉原料等の加熱→過熱蒸気処理→凍結乾燥の順で工程を行う方法が挙げられる。具体的には、畜肉原料等をスチーム等で加熱した後、さらに、過熱蒸気処理を付加するような場合である。
上記の過熱蒸気処理は、複数回実施してもよい。すなわち、最初の過熱蒸気処理を行ってから、対象の畜肉原料等に水分を付与して再度、過熱蒸気処理を施すという方法も有効である。
すなわち、長時間の過熱蒸気処理を行うと畜肉の表面が乾燥する場合があるため、表面に水分を付与する工程を付加する。このように“過熱蒸気+水分付与”のセットを複数回の過熱蒸気処理を繰り返すことで過熱蒸気処理の効果を高めることができる。
温度にもよるが通常の過熱蒸気処理であると、対象物の水分含量によるがその表面が過乾燥されて焼成に繋がる場合もあるため、意図的にそのような目的とする場合を除いて、過熱蒸気処理工程の途中で水分付与等を行うことが必要である。
尚、繰り返しの回数については特に制限されるものではないが、概ね“過熱蒸気+水分付与”のセットを2回以上繰り返すことでより効果を高めることができる。
上記の乾燥工程において、対象物を一旦凍結して、凍結物を減圧下で乾燥する方法(いわゆる、凍結乾燥法)を採用する。食品の乾燥方法には、単に熱風を与える熱風乾燥方法もあるが、水分が蒸発する際に組織が収縮することになるため、畜肉系の乾燥食品にとって好ましくない。一方、凍結乾燥法では、凍結された食品中の氷の昇華によって乾燥が進むため、乾燥による形態の変化がなく、調理時の形態のままの多孔質の乾燥品とすることができる。すなわち、過熱蒸気処理によって形成された畜肉原料に生じた特有の構造をある程度まで保持したまま乾燥することができるものと考えられる。この特有の構造が復元性に関与するものと考えられる。
上述の凍結時の前に、水分を付与しておくことが好ましい。水分付与によって、凍結乾燥後の乾燥食品について、お湯又は水によって復元時の復元ムラをなくして均一な復元を実現することができる。
具体的には、上述の加熱工程又は過熱蒸気処理工程の後に、凍結し、凍結乾燥の工程に移行するが、凍結の前に水分を付与する。例えば、過熱蒸気処理後から直接に凍結乾燥処理に移る場合には、凍結前に水分を付与するとよい。
過熱蒸気処理によって対象畜肉の水分を低下させた状態で、再度、水分を付与して凍結→減圧下における乾燥をすることで復元時のムラをなくして効果的な復元が可能になる。
また、水分付与の方法としては特に限定されない。すなわち、スプレー等で水分を付与する方法や、水や調味液に浸漬する方法が可能である。
凍結後の畜肉原料等を減圧下で乾燥を行う(凍結乾燥法)。凍結乾燥の条件としては、通常の条件に従うが、概ね0.8Torr以下の真空度で、棚温度50℃~70℃程度で、概ね14時間~24時間程度行う。
凍結乾燥後の乾燥食品は各種即席食品に利用することができる。特に即席カップ麺等の具材として用いることができる。また、通常即席カップ麺に用いる場合、3分~5分程度復元することが必要になるが、本発明の製造方法によって得られる乾燥食品は従来の製造方法で得られる乾燥食品では復元が困難であった、厚みのある畜肉系の乾燥食品も復元することができる。
(実施例1)(過熱蒸気処理のみの場合)
畜肉原料として鶏肉を用いて、凍結乾燥されたから揚げを用いて過熱蒸気処理の効果を比較した。凍結乾燥されたから揚げは以下の手順により作製した。
ブロック状の鶏胸肉(品温10℃以下)から余分な脂身、筋及び血管等を除去した。得られた鶏胸肉を、ミンサープレート穴サイズ4.7mmのチョッパーでチョップした。
チョップ後の鶏胸肉1000gに、4倍量に水戻しした植物性蛋白質400g、調味料(醤油、食塩、砂糖、還元水飴及び香辛料等を含有)200g、水200gを混合してから、ミキサーで3分間混合した。混合後の鶏胸肉を直径60mmのケーシングに詰めて(450g/60cm)、-40℃で3hr時間凍結を行った。
過熱蒸気処理後の鶏胸肉を水冷し、表面にフライ用の衣(小麦粉、調味料、香辛料及び色素)0.5g/個を付加し、180℃のパームオイルで20秒間フライし鶏肉のから揚げを調製した。次に、から揚げを品温0~-10℃に10時間程度かけて緩慢凍結を行った。さらに、凍結したから揚げを真空凍結乾燥機に入れて、棚温度60℃、0.8Torrで24時間保持して凍結乾燥を行い、乾燥された鶏胸肉のから揚げを完成させた。
実施例1における過熱蒸気処理工程(“過熱蒸気処理(1分)→水浸漬(30秒)→過熱蒸気処理(1分)→水浸漬(30秒)→過熱蒸気処理(1分)”)の前に、スチーム処理(98℃)で8分を行い、その他の工程は実施例1と同様にして、乾燥された鶏胸肉のから揚げを完成させた。
実施例1における過熱蒸気処理工程に代えて、スチーム(98℃)で8分間保持を行い、その他の工程は実施例1と同様にして乾燥された鶏胸肉のから揚げを完成させた。
上記の実施例及び比較例で得られた乾燥後のから揚げについて以下の方法により復元性を評価した。上記唐揚げ5g(1個)をカップ状の容器に入れて、上部より熱湯を300g入れて3分後に喫食した。
復元度の評価は熟練のパネラー4名で行い、5段階(5:復元性 良⇔1:復元性 悪)で行った。
(実施例3)
畜肉原料として豚肉を用いて、凍結乾燥された豚角煮を製造して過熱蒸気処理の効果を確認した。凍結乾燥された豚角煮は以下の手順により作製した。
ブロック状の豚肉(品温10℃以下)から余分な脂身、筋及び血管等を除去した。得られた豚肉にピックル液を打ち込み、12時間タンブリングを行い、10℃以下で一晩放置した。
凍結後の豚肉を半解凍し、50mm×50mmの正方形で厚みを15mmとして角柱状に豚肉をカット。
カットした豚肉(解凍状態)を過熱蒸気処理装置(連続平型コンベア式)を用いて、庫内温度160℃、蒸気流量170kg/hで1分間保持し、過熱蒸気処理を行った。
過熱蒸気処理後のカット豚肉に着味液を添加して、一晩4℃で浸漬した。浸漬後にカット豚肉を液切りし、品温0~-10℃に10時間かけて緩慢凍結を行った。さらに、凍結したカット豚肉を真空凍結乾燥機に入れて、棚温度60℃、0.8Torrで24時間保持して凍結乾燥を行い、乾燥された豚角煮を作製した。
上記の実施例3で過熱蒸気処理をしないことを除いては実施例3と同様の方法で処理し、凍結乾燥された豚角煮を作製した。
上記の実施例及び比較例で得られた乾燥後のから揚げについて以下の方法により復元性を評価した。上記豚角煮15g(1個)をカップ状の容器に入れて、上部より熱湯を300g入れて5分後に喫食した。復元度の評価は熟練のパネラー4名で行い、5段階(5:復元性 良⇔1:復元性 悪)で行った。
(実施例4)
畜肉系食品であるハンバーグの乾燥食品を以下のように製造した。畜肉原料として豚肉160g及び豚脂160gを入れて攪拌し、これにさらに、タマネギ100gを加えて混合した。これにさらに粒状タンパク70g、パン粉43g、水400g及びエキス類12gを投入して攪拌し、十分に攪拌し、全体が均等になるようにミキサーで混合した。
次に、混合物を70mm×55mm、厚み15mmとし一個当り56gのひき肉混合物を調製した。
過熱蒸気処理後のハンバーグを風冷により冷却した。
冷却したハンバーグを、品温0~-10℃に10時間かけて緩慢凍結を行った。
さらに、凍結したハンバーグを真空凍結乾燥機に入れて、棚温度60℃、0.8Torrで24時間保持して凍結乾燥を行い、乾燥されたハンバーグを完成させた。
実施例4における過熱蒸気処理後の風冷を水浸漬(1分)に変更し、その他の工程は実施例4と同様にして、乾燥されたハンバーグを完成させた。
上記実施例4で過熱蒸気処理の代わりにオーブン加熱(290℃、2.5分)を実施することを除いては実施例4と同様に行った。
上記の実施例及び比較例で得られた乾燥後のハンバーグについて以下の方法により復元性を評価した。上記ハンバーグ15g(1個)をカップ状の容器に入れて、上部より熱湯を300g入れて3分後に喫食した。
復元度の評価は熟練のパネラー4名で行い、5段階(5:復元性 良⇔1:復元性 悪)で行った。
Claims (5)
- お湯又は水を注いで復元して喫食する、畜肉系の乾燥食品の製造方法であって、
畜肉原料又は畜肉系食品を過熱蒸気処理する工程、
過熱蒸気処理した畜肉原料又は畜肉系食品を凍結する工程、及び
凍結した畜肉原料又は畜肉系食品を減圧下にて乾燥する工程
を含む、製造方法。 - 過熱蒸気処理工程の後であって凍結工程の前に、畜肉原料又は畜肉系食品に水分を付与する工程を含む、請求項1記載の製造方法。
- 畜肉原料又は畜肉系食品に含まれる水分が凍結した状態で過熱蒸気処理工程を行う、請求項1又は2に記載の製造方法。
- 過熱蒸気処理工程の後であって凍結工程の前に、畜肉原料又は畜肉系食品への水分付与及びこれに続く過熱蒸気処理を行う工程を含む、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法。
- 水分付与及びこれに続く過熱蒸気処理工程を複数回繰り返す、請求項4に記載の製造方法。
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JP2014135918A (ja) * | 2013-01-16 | 2014-07-28 | Nissin Foods Holdings Co Ltd | 乾燥食品の製造方法 |
JP2014204738A (ja) * | 2014-08-06 | 2014-10-30 | 日本ジフィー食品株式会社 | 凍結乾燥食品及びその製造方法 |
WO2015050121A1 (ja) * | 2013-10-01 | 2015-04-09 | 日清食品ホールディングス株式会社 | 即席麺の製造方法および即席麺 |
CN104905295A (zh) * | 2014-03-14 | 2015-09-16 | 日清食品控股株式会社 | 即食干燥带佐料味肉及其制造方法 |
JP2015173620A (ja) * | 2014-03-14 | 2015-10-05 | 日清食品ホールディングス株式会社 | 即席乾燥味付肉及びその製造方法 |
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TW201306750A (zh) | 2013-02-16 |
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US20140220206A1 (en) | 2014-08-07 |
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