Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
  • H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
  • H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
  • H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
  • H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
  • H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
  • C01B17/00—Sulfur; Compounds thereof
  • C01B17/46—Compounds containing sulfur, halogen, hydrogen, and oxygen
  • C01B17/463—Fluorosulfonic acid (FSO3H)
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C01D—COMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS, i.e. LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, OR FRANCIUM
  • C01D15/00—Lithium compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C01D—COMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS, i.e. LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, OR FRANCIUM
  • C01D15/00—Lithium compounds
  • C01D15/04—Halides
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
  • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
  • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
  • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
  • H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
  • H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
  • H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
  • H01M10/0568—Liquid materials characterised by the solutes
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
  • H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
  • H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
  • H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
  • H01M10/0569—Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M4/00—Electrodes
  • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
  • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
  • H01M4/136—Electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M4/00—Electrodes
  • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
  • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
  • H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
  • H01M4/5825—Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
  • H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
  • H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
  • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a method for producing lithium fluorosulfonate and lithium fluorosulfonate. Specifically, the present invention relates to a method for producing lithium fluorosulfonate by reacting lithium halide and fluorosulfonic acid in a non-aqueous solvent, and lithium fluorosulfonate. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a non-aqueous electrolyte solution containing lithium fluorosulfate and a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
• Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries such as lithium secondary batteries are being put to practical use in a wide range of applications, from so-called consumer power supplies such as mobile phones and laptop computers to in-vehicle power supplies for automobiles and large power supplies for stationary applications. is there.
• consumer power supplies such as mobile phones and laptop computers
• in-vehicle power supplies for automobiles and large power supplies for stationary applications.
• battery characteristics such as high capacity, high output, high temperature storage characteristics, cycle characteristics, etc. can be achieved at a high level. It has been demanded.
• lithium secondary battery when a lithium secondary battery is used as a power source for an electric vehicle, the electric vehicle requires a large amount of energy when starting and accelerating, and the large amount of energy generated when decelerating must be efficiently regenerated. Requires high output characteristics and input characteristics.
• lithium secondary batteries since electric vehicles are used outdoors, lithium secondary batteries have high input / output characteristics, especially at low temperatures such as ⁇ 30 ° C., so that the electric vehicles can start and accelerate quickly even in cold weather. (Battery internal impedance is low) is required. In addition, even when the battery is repeatedly charged and discharged in a high-temperature environment, the capacity is less deteriorated and the battery internal impedance needs to be less increased.
• current non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries have high initial capacity and input / output characteristics, low internal impedance of the battery, high capacity retention after endurance tests such as high-temperature storage tests and cycle tests, Items such as excellent input / output performance and impedance characteristics even after testing are required at a very high level.
• Patent Document 1 describes that when lithium fluorosulfonate is used as an electrolyte, a battery having a high discharge capacity at the time of 60 ° C. charge / discharge cycle evaluation can be obtained.
• LiClO 4 when using the LiClO 4, LiClO 4 is decomposed to active oxygen by noble potential generated by the cathode active material, to promote the decomposition reaction of the solvent the active oxygen to attack the solvent in the electrolyte .
• Non-patent Document 1 Patent Document 2
• Non-Patent Document 1 reports that lithium fluorosulfonate trihydrate was obtained by mixing ammonium fluorosulfonate and aqueous lithium hydroxide. However, in this method, after the ammonium salt is once synthesized, the cation exchange to the lithium salt is performed again.
• Patent Document 2 describes that various lithium salts can be produced by a salt exchange reaction between lithium chloride or lithium sulfate and various sodium salts / potassium salts in various solutions, including lithium fluorosulfonate. Is also included. However, the examples of this patent document are only producing water-stable lithium nitrate and lithium bromide in an aqueous solution, and examples of producing hydrolysable lithium fluorosulfonate are reported. It has not been. Moreover, in this patent document, the difference in solubility is utilized for the separation of various lithium salts as the target product and sodium or potassium chloride or sulfate salts as by-products.
• an object of the present invention is to provide a method for stably producing high-purity lithium fluorosulfonate under mild conditions.
• Another object of the present invention is to improve initial charging capacity, input / output characteristics and impedance characteristics, so that not only initial battery characteristics and durability but also high input / output characteristics and impedance characteristics are maintained even after durability.
• the present inventors have reacted fluorosulfonic acid and a specific lithium salt in a non-aqueous solvent, so that high-purity fluorosulfone can be obtained under mild conditions. It has been found that lithium acid can be produced in high yield, and the present invention has been completed.
• the non-aqueous electrolyte can provide a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery with improved initial charge capacity and input / output characteristics.
• the inventors have found that an electrolytic solution can be realized, and have completed the present invention.
• the present invention relates to the following.
• a method for producing lithium fluorosulfonate comprising a step of reacting a lithium salt and fluorosulfonic acid in a non-aqueous solvent, wherein the lithium salt is a lithium salt that does not generate water by the reaction step Method for producing lithium.
• the nonaqueous solvent used in the reaction step is a nonaqueous solvent other than carboxylic acid.
• ⁇ 4> The method for producing lithium fluorosulfonate according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 3>, wherein the nonaqueous solvent used in the reaction step is an aprotic polar organic solvent.
• ⁇ 5> The method for producing lithium fluorosulfonate according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 4>, wherein the non-aqueous solvent used in the reaction step is a chain carbonate.
• ⁇ 6> The method for producing lithium fluorosulfonate according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 5>, further comprising a step of removing by-product carboxylic acid after the reaction step.
• ⁇ 7> The method for producing lithium fluorosulfonate according to ⁇ 6>, wherein the step of removing the carboxylic acid is performed by a distillation operation.
• the process for removing the carboxylic acid is performed from a solution of a non-aqueous solvent having a boiling point higher than that of the carboxylic acid by-produced after the reaction process.
• Method ⁇ 9> The method for producing lithium fluorosulfonate according to any one of ⁇ 6> to ⁇ 8>, wherein the nonaqueous solvent used in the step of removing the carboxylic acid is an aprotic polar organic solvent.
• ⁇ 10> The method for producing lithium fluorosulfonate according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 9>, including a purification step after the reaction step or the step of removing the carboxylic acid.
• ⁇ 11> The method for producing lithium fluorosulfonate according to ⁇ 10>, wherein the solution containing the crude fluorosulfonic acid obtained in the reaction step is further mixed with a nonaqueous solvent during the purification step.
• ⁇ 12> The production of lithium fluorosulfonate according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 11>, further including a solid-liquid separation step in which the crude lithium fluorosulfonate obtained by the reaction step is recovered as a solid from a non-aqueous solvent.
• ⁇ 13> The lithium fluorosulfonate according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 12>, wherein the operation of bringing the crude lithium fluorosulfonate obtained in the reaction step into contact with a nonaqueous solvent solution containing water is performed at least once. Manufacturing method.
• ⁇ 14> The solid-liquid separation step of recovering the crude lithium fluorosulfonate obtained by bringing the crude lithium fluorosulfonate into contact with a nonaqueous solvent solution containing water as a solid from the nonaqueous solvent solution at least once.
• the method for producing lithium fluorosulfonate according to ⁇ 13> The method for producing lithium fluorosulfonate according to ⁇ 13>.
• Lithium fluorosulfonate having a carboxylic acid content of 2.5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 mol / kg or less based on the total amount of lithium fluorosulfonate.
• Lithium fluorosulfonate which is ⁇ 20> Lithium fluorosulfonate having a halogen element content of 1.5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 mol / kg or less. ⁇ 21> The content of halide ions containing lithium fluorosulfonate and excluding fluoride ions in the non-aqueous electrolyte is 1.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 7 mol / L or more and 1.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 mol / L.
• a non-aqueous electrolyte that is: ⁇ 22> Lithium fluorosulfonate having a molar content of sulfate ions of 2.5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 1 mol / kg or less based on the weight of lithium fluorosulfonate.
• non-aqueous electrolyte used for the non-aqueous electrolyte battery provided with the negative electrode which can occlude / release lithium ions, and the positive electrode, ⁇ 16>, ⁇ 17>, ⁇ 19>, ⁇ 20> or ⁇ 22>
• a non-aqueous electrolyte containing lithium fluorosulfonate In the non-aqueous electrolyte used for the non-aqueous electrolyte battery provided with the negative electrode which can occlude / release lithium ions, and the positive electrode, ⁇ 16>, ⁇ 17>, ⁇ 19>, ⁇ 20> or ⁇ 22> A non-aqueous electrolyte containing lithium fluorosulfonate.
• a non-aqueous electrolyte used in a non-aqueous electrolyte battery including a negative electrode and a positive electrode capable of occluding and releasing lithium ions
• the non-aqueous electrolyte contains lithium fluorosulfonate, a lithium salt other than lithium fluorosulfonate, and a non-aqueous solvent
• the molar content of lithium fluorosulfonate in the nonaqueous electrolytic solution is 0.0005 mol / L or more and 0.5 mol / L or less, and the molar content of sulfate ion in the nonaqueous electrolytic solution is 1.0.
• ⁇ 28> The non-aqueous electrolyte solution according to ⁇ 27>, wherein the cyclic carbonate having a fluorine atom is contained in the non-aqueous electrolyte solution by 0.001% by mass to 85% by mass.
• ⁇ 29> The nonaqueous electrolytic solution according to any one of ⁇ 24> to ⁇ 28>, which contains a cyclic carbonate having a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond.
• ⁇ 30> The non-aqueous electrolyte solution according to ⁇ 29>, wherein the cyclic carbonate having a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond is contained in the non-aqueous electrolyte solution in an amount of 0.001% by mass to 10% by mass.
• ⁇ 31> The non-aqueous electrolyte solution according to any one of ⁇ 24> to ⁇ 30>, which contains a cyclic sulfonate ester.
• ⁇ 32> The non-aqueous electrolyte solution according to ⁇ 31>, wherein the content of the cyclic sulfonate ester in the non-aqueous electrolyte solution is 0.001% by mass or more and 10% by mass or less.
• ⁇ 33> The nonaqueous electrolytic solution according to any one of the above ⁇ 24> to ⁇ 32>, which contains a compound having a cyano group.
• ⁇ 34> The non-aqueous electrolyte according to ⁇ 33>, wherein the content of the compound having a cyano group in the non-aqueous electrolyte is 0.001% by mass to 10% by mass.
• ⁇ 35> The nonaqueous electrolytic solution according to any one of ⁇ 24> to ⁇ 34>, which contains a diisocyanate compound.
• ⁇ 36> The non-aqueous electrolyte according to ⁇ 35>, wherein the content of the diisocyanate compound in the non-aqueous electrolyte is 0.001% by mass or more and 5% by mass or less.
• a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery comprising a negative electrode and a positive electrode capable of inserting and extracting lithium ions, and the non-aqueous electrolyte solution according to any one of ⁇ 24> to ⁇ 37>.
• the negative electrode has a negative electrode active material layer on a current collector, and the negative electrode active material layer contains at least one of a silicon simple metal, an alloy and a compound, and a tin simple metal, an alloy and a compound.
• the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to ⁇ 38> including a negative electrode active material.
• the negative electrode has a negative electrode active material layer on a current collector, and the negative electrode active material layer includes a negative electrode active material containing a carbonaceous material.
• the negative electrode has a negative electrode active material layer on a current collector, and the negative electrode active material layer contains a negative electrode active material containing a lithium titanium composite oxide. battery.
• the positive electrode has a positive electrode active material layer on a current collector, and the positive electrode active material layer includes a lithium / cobalt composite oxide, a lithium / cobalt / nickel composite oxide, a lithium / manganese composite oxide, and a lithium / cobalt.
• the positive electrode active material layer includes a lithium / cobalt composite oxide, a lithium / cobalt / nickel composite oxide, a lithium / manganese composite oxide, and a lithium / cobalt.
• the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to any one of ⁇ 38> to ⁇ 41>, containing at least one kind.
• the positive electrode has a positive electrode active material layer on a current collector, and the positive electrode active material layer comprises LixMPO 4 (M is a group consisting of a transition metal belonging to Group 4 to Group 11 of the fourth period of the periodic table).
• LixMPO 4 is a group consisting of a transition metal belonging to Group 4 to Group 11 of the fourth period of the periodic table.
• high-purity lithium fluorosulfonate can be produced in a high yield under mild conditions.
• the inventors have excellent characteristics that the internal impedance of the battery is lowered and the low-temperature output characteristics are improved by including lithium fluorosulfonate containing a specific amount of sulfate ion in the non-aqueous electrolyte.
• the inventors have found that the initial battery internal impedance characteristics and high output characteristics can be maintained even after endurance, and have completed the present invention. Although details are not detailed, it is considered that a synergistic effect is expressed by adding lithium sulfate to lithium fluorosulfonate at a specific ratio.
• a non-aqueous electrolyte that can provide a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery with improved initial charge capacity, input / output characteristics, and battery internal impedance characteristics is provided.
• the non-aqueous electrolyte solution of the present invention has a high capacity retention rate, excellent input / output performance, and excellent impedance characteristics even after a durability test such as a high-temperature storage test or a cycle test.
• a battery can be provided. Therefore, from an industrial point of view, it is possible to supply an excellent battery that can be applied to various fields such as the above-described portable device application, electric vehicle application, stationary large power supply application, and the like.
• weight% and “mass%”, “part by weight” and “part by mass”, and “weight ppm” and “mass ppm” have the same meaning.
• ppm when “ppm” is simply described, it indicates “ppm by weight”.
• the present invention relates to a method for producing lithium fluorosulfonate, comprising a reaction step of a lithium salt and fluorosulfonic acid in a non-aqueous solvent.
• the lithium salt is characterized in that water is not generated by the reaction step.
• Examples of lithium salts that generate water include lithium salts such as lithium hydroxide, lithium carbonate, and lithium hydrogen carbonate.
• the lithium salt used in the present invention may be any one other than the above, but lithium carboxylate, lithium halide, lithium phosphate, lithium phosphite, lithium sulfate, lithium sulfite, lithium borate, lithium nitrate, and hydrogenated Lithium and the like are preferred, and lithium carboxylate and lithium halide are particularly preferred because removal of by-products is easy.
• lithium carboxylate and lithium halide are particularly preferred because removal of by-products is easy.
• ⁇ Production method A of lithium fluorosulfonate starting material lithium carboxylate> ⁇ A1.
• Reaction process of lithium carboxylate and fluorosulfonic acid> The present invention relates to a method for producing lithium fluorosulfonate, which is obtained through a reaction step of lithium carboxylate and fluorosulfonic acid in a non-aqueous solvent.
• the lithium carboxylate used in the present invention is not particularly limited, and specific examples include the following. 1) Aliphatic monocarboxylic acid lithium formate, lithium acetate, lithium propionate, lithium butyrate, lithium isobutyrate, lithium phenylacetate, etc. 2) Aliphatic dicarboxylic acid monolithium lithium hydrogen oxalate, lithium hydrogen malonate, hydrogen succinate Lithium, lithium hydrogen fumarate, lithium hydrogen maleate, etc. 3) Aliphatic dilithium dilithium lithium oxalate, lithium malonate, lithium succinate, lithium fumarate, lithium maleate, etc. 4) Aromatic monocarboxylic acid Benzoic acid Lithium, etc.
• these lithium carboxylates they are inexpensive and have high purity Easy to use Therefore, aliphatic monocarboxylic acid lithium and aliphatic dicarboxylic acid dilithium are preferable.
• lithium monocarboxylate a system in which a low-boiling-point aliphatic monocarboxylic acid is by-produced is preferable from the viewpoint of easy removal, and specifically lithium formate and lithium acetate are preferable.
• dilithium dicarboxylate a higher lithium content in the element in the molecule is preferable from the viewpoint of reducing the amount of waste, and in particular, lithium oxalate, lithium malonate, and lithium succinate are preferable.
• lithium formate and lithium acetate are preferable, and lithium acetate is most preferable from the viewpoint of availability.
• These lithium carboxylates may be used alone or in combination, but are preferably used alone so as not to complicate the operation.
• the lithium carboxylate used in the reaction of the present invention may be a commercially available product as it is, or may be used after purification, or may be produced from another compound and used.
• the purity is not particularly limited, but there is a concern that the performance of the battery and the like may be deteriorated due to the remaining impurities derived from lithium halide in the lithium fluorosulfonate. Preferably it is 99 mass% or more.
• Fluorosulfonic acid used in the reaction of the present invention may be a commercially available product or may be used after purification, or may be produced from other compounds and used.
• the purity is not particularly limited, but it is preferable that the purity is higher because there is a concern that the performance of the battery or the like deteriorates due to remaining impurities derived from fluorosulfonic acid in lithium fluorosulfonate. Preferably it is 99 mass% or more.
• the amount ratio of the preparation of fluorosulfonic acid used in the reaction step of the present invention and lithium in lithium carboxylate is not particularly limited, but it is preferable that the ratio does not deviate significantly from 1: 1 from the viewpoint of the consumption efficiency of raw materials. .
• the lower limit of the amount ratio of lithium in the fluorosulfonic acid and lithium carboxylate used in the reaction step of the present invention is that the amount of fluorosulfonic acid charged is carboxylic.
• the non-aqueous solvent used in the reaction step of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is other than water, but is preferably a non-aqueous solvent other than carboxylic acid from the viewpoint of facilitating removal of by-product carboxylic acid. .
• fluorosulfonic acid is a strong protic acid, it is preferably an aprotic polar organic solvent having low reactivity with the protic acid.
• generated lithium fluorosulfonate is not extremely low is preferable at the point which can be made to react stably.
• the solubility of lithium fluorosulfonate in the non-aqueous solvent used in the reaction step is preferably 0.1% by mass or more, more preferably 1% by mass or more, and further preferably 5% by mass or more at room temperature.
• the boiling point of the non-aqueous solvent used in the reaction step is preferably not too high so that it does not deteriorate and the performance of the battery or the like does not deteriorate. Specifically, it is preferably 300 ° C. or lower at normal pressure. It is preferably 200 ° C. or lower, and more preferably 150 ° C. or lower. When the boiling point is out of the above range, depending on the non-aqueous solvent used, it remains in the obtained lithium fluorosulfonate and may adversely affect battery performance.
• the non-aqueous solvent used in the reaction step of the present invention is preferably hydrofluoric anhydride or an organic solvent, more preferably an organic solvent, and particularly preferably an aprotic polar organic solvent.
• aprotic polar organic solvent include chain carbonate esters such as dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, and diethyl carbonate; chain carboxylate esters such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, and methyl propionate; methanesulfonic acid Chain sulfonate esters such as methyl, ethyl methanesulfonate and methyl ethanesulfonate; Chain nitriles such as acetonitrile and propionitrile; Chain ethers such as diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether and t-butyl methyl ether; Tetrahydrofuran and tetrahydro And cyclic ethers such as pyran,
• chain carbonates such as dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, and diethyl carbonate; chain carboxylic acid esters such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, and methyl propionate; chain nitriles such as acetonitrile and propionitrile; are preferable.
• dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl acetate, and acetonitrile are preferable because of their availability.
• chain carbonates such as dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, and diethyl carbonate are preferred because of the effect on battery characteristics and the like when remaining. In view of these, dimethyl carbonate and diethyl carbonate are preferable, and diethyl carbonate is most preferable because carboxylic acid having a boiling point lower than that of diethyl carbonate exists.
• the ratio of the nonaqueous solvent to the fluorosulfonic acid used in the reaction step of the present invention is not particularly limited, but is preferably 100 times or less, more preferably 50 times or less, and even more preferably 25 times or less.
• the ratio of the solvent used in the reaction to the fluorosulfonic acid is preferably at least 2 times the volume ratio, more preferably at least 3 times, and even more preferably at least 5 times. Within the above range, the production efficiency is excellent, and the obtained lithium fluorosulfonate is not excessively precipitated during the reaction, and problems such as hindering stirring are difficult to occur.
• the temperature at the start of the reaction step of the present invention is not particularly limited, but is preferably 100 ° C. or lower, more preferably 80 ° C. or lower, and further preferably 60 ° C. or lower.
• the temperature at which the reaction is carried out is preferably ⁇ 20 ° C. or higher, more preferably ⁇ 10 ° C. or higher, and further preferably 0 ° C. or higher.
• the order of addition to the reaction system in the reaction step of the present invention is not particularly limited, and even if solid lithium carboxylate is added while stirring the fluorosulfonic acid solution, the solid lithium carboxylate is not dissolved in the solvent.
• Fluorosulfonic acid may be added dropwise while suspending in water.
• the fluorosulfonic acid to be dropped may be diluted without being diluted in a solvent.
• the volume ratio is preferably 5 times or less, more preferably 3 times or less, and even more preferably 2 times or less.
• the amount of the diluting solvent is within the above range, the total amount of the solvent in the reaction system becomes an appropriate amount.
• the input time in the reaction step of the present invention is not particularly limited, but is preferably 10 hours or less, more preferably 5 hours or less, and even more preferably 1 hour or less.
• the charging time in the reaction of the present invention is preferably 1 minute or more, more preferably 5 minutes or more, and further preferably 10 minutes or more.
• the production efficiency is excellent because the input time in the reaction step of the present invention is within the above range.
• the temperature at the time of charging in the reaction step of the present invention is not particularly limited, but is preferably + 20 ° C. or lower, more preferably + 10 ° C. or lower, more preferably + 5 ° C. or lower at the start.
• the temperature at the time of charging in the reaction of the present invention is preferably ⁇ 20 ° C. or higher at the start, more preferably ⁇ 10 ° C. or higher, and further preferably ⁇ 5 ° C. or higher. preferable.
• problems such as solvent volatilization, occurrence of unpredictable side reactions, and reduction in reaction rate are less likely to occur.
• the temperature during the aging in the aging step is not particularly limited, but is preferably + 100 ° C. or lower, more preferably + 80 ° C. or lower, and more preferably + 50 ° C. or lower with respect to the temperature during the reaction. Further, the temperature during aging is preferably + 5 ° C. or higher, more preferably + 10 ° C. or higher, and more preferably + 20 ° C. or higher with respect to the temperature during the reaction.
• problems such as solvent volatilization, occurrence of unpredictable side reactions, and a decrease in reaction rate are less likely to occur.
• it may be higher or lower than the temperature at the time of charging, it is preferably higher in order to enhance the aging effect.
• the temperature of the aging step is within the above range, the volatilization of the solvent, the occurrence of side reactions and the like are suppressed, and the production efficiency is improved, so that the aging effect can be sufficiently obtained.
• the time of the said aging process in the reaction process of this invention is not specifically limited, Preferably it is 20 hours or less, More preferably, it is 10 hours or less, More preferably, it is 5 hours or less. Further, the reaction time in the reaction of the present invention is preferably 1 minute or more, more preferably 10 minutes or more, and further preferably 30 minutes or more. When the time of the aging step is within the above range, the production efficiency becomes good and the effect of aging can be sufficiently obtained.
• the atmosphere during the reaction step of the present invention is not particularly limited, but since there is a concern that the raw material fluorosulfonic acid and the product lithium fluorosulfonate may be decomposed by water, mixing may be performed in an atmosphere in which the outside air is blocked. Preferably, it is more preferable to perform the mixing in dry air or an inert atmosphere such as a nitrogen atmosphere or an argon atmosphere. These gases may be sealed after being introduced into the facility at the start of the reaction process, or may be continuously supplied and discharged into the apparatus.
• the reaction equipment in the reaction process of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a material used for general chemical production. However, if fluorosulfonic acid is hydrolyzed by mixing water in the atmosphere, hydrofluoric acid should be used. Because of the possibility of formation, it is preferable to use a material that is not easily corroded by hydrofluoric acid. In particular, it is preferable to use a material that is not corroded by hydrofluoric acid for a portion that is in contact with a reaction solution such as a reaction tank for a long time. Specifically, it is preferable to use materials other than glass in the reaction vessel.
• the method for recovering (crude) lithium fluorosulfonate from the non-aqueous solution after the reaction step is not particularly limited.
• excessive lithium carboxylate may remain as an insoluble matter depending on the combination of the type of lithium carboxylate selected and the type of non-aqueous solvent.
• the method for separating the insoluble matter of lithium carboxylate is not particularly limited, and filtration such as vacuum filtration, pressure filtration, centrifugal filtration, etc., standing, sedimenting by centrifugation, and taking out the supernatant can be used. You can combine methods or repeat the same method. This step may be performed after the reaction step, after the step of removing the nonaqueous solvent used in the reaction step, or in the middle of the step of removing the carboxylic acid.
• Step of removing the non-aqueous solvent used in the reaction step and the step of removing the by-product carboxylic acid will be described.
• the order of the steps is changed. It can replace, or can perform both processes as one process.
• Step of removing non-aqueous solvent used in reaction step The method for removing the non-aqueous solvent used in the reaction step is not particularly limited, and concentrated distillation or the like can be used.
• the temperature at the time of concentration distillation is not specifically limited, It is preferable to control to the temperature which does not greatly exceed the temperature at the time of a reaction process.
• the temperature at the time of concentration and distillation is not preferable because of problems such as generation of side reactions that are not expected to be too high.
• it is preferably + 50 ° C. or less, more preferably + 40 ° C. or less, and further preferably + 30 ° C. or less with respect to the temperature during aging.
• the pressure at the time of concentration and distillation may be either normal pressure or reduced pressure, but it must be set in accordance with a preferable temperature at the time of concentration.
• the amount of the non-aqueous solvent used in the reaction step is not particularly limited, and may be partially dried or may remain, but if not completely dried, a purification effect by crystallization can be expected. It is preferable because of its properties.
• the amount of the solvent used at the time of the reaction is preferably 20 times or less in terms of the volume ratio of the fluorosulfonic acid added since the amount recovered as a solid may decrease if the amount remaining is too large. Further, the volume ratio is preferably 15 times or less, and more preferably 10 times or less by volume ratio. On the other hand, if the amount to be left is too small, it becomes a viscous slurry state, which may be difficult to handle.
• the amount of the solvent used during the reaction is preferably left as a volume ratio of the introduced fluorosulfonic acid. Is preferably 0.3 times or more, more preferably 0.5 times or more by volume ratio, and further preferably 1 time or more by volume ratio.
• Step of removing carboxylic acid> Regarding the step of removing the by-product carboxylic acid, two kinds of methods can be appropriately selected depending on the physical properties of the by-product carboxylic acid. 1) When the by-product carboxylic acid is liquid at the temperature at which the operation is carried out, it is removed by distillation. 2) When the by-product carboxylic acid is solid at the operation temperature Lithium fluorosulfonate is a solvent that is soluble in lithium fluorosulfonate and hardly soluble or insoluble in the by-product carboxylic acid and easy to remove. The by-product carboxylic acid is separated from the resulting slurry by various methods for separating the solid and the liquid.
• the pressure and temperature to be removed in the distillation operation are not particularly limited, but it is preferable to control the pressure so as not to greatly exceed the temperature during the reaction step.
• the temperature at the time of removal is not preferable because there is a concern about occurrence of a side reaction which is not expected to be too high.
• it is preferably + 50 ° C. or less, more preferably + 40 ° C. or less, and further preferably + 30 ° C. or less with respect to the temperature during aging.
• the pressure at the time of removal may be either normal pressure or reduced pressure, but it must be set in accordance with a preferable temperature at the time of removal.
• this solvent is used by using a solvent in which lithium fluorosulfonate is soluble and has a boiling point higher than that of the by-product carboxylic acid and is easy to remove. It is preferable to perform an operation for removing a part or all of the above. This operation may be carried out after the reaction step by further adding a non-aqueous solvent in which lithium fluorosulfonate is soluble and has a boiling point higher than that of the by-product carboxylic acid and is easy to remove.
• a non-aqueous solvent that has a boiling point higher than the boiling point of the carboxylic acid that is soluble in lithium fluorosulfonate as a solvent and that is easy to remove, and remove the reaction solvent and the by-product carboxylic acid. It may be combined in one step. In order to simplify the process, it is more preferable to double the process.
• a non-aqueous solvent having an azeotropic property with carboxylic acid and easy to remove may be added, and an operation for removing the carboxylic acid by azeotropy may be added.
• the lithium fluorosulfonate used in this step is soluble and has a boiling point higher than that of the by-product carboxylic acid and a boiling point lower than that of a non-aqueous solvent that is easy to remove. It is preferable to use a non-aqueous solvent because it is easy to remove a solvent that has an azeotropic property with the carboxylic acid used and can be easily removed.
• the non-aqueous solvent in which lithium fluorosulfonate used in this step is soluble and has a boiling point higher than that of the by-product carboxylic acid and is easy to remove varies depending on the type of by-product carboxylic acid.
• lithium formate ethyl methyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate and the like are preferable, and in lithium acetate, diethyl carbonate and the like are preferable.
• a rectification column having a number of theoretical plates.
• the structure of the rectifying column is not particularly specified, and industrially used products can be used as appropriate.
• the rectifying effect cannot be obtained if the number of theoretical plates of the rectifying column is too low, it is preferably 2 or more, more preferably 3 or more, and even more preferably 5 or more. Therefore, the productivity is preferably 50 or less, more preferably 30 or less, and even more preferably 10 or less.
• the removal method is not particularly limited, but filtration such as vacuum filtration, pressure filtration, centrifugal filtration, etc., standing, sedimentation by centrifugation, etc. can be used, and these methods can be used. Can be combined or the same method can be repeated.
• the non-aqueous solvent once used in the reaction is removed, and the lithium fluorosulfonate is soluble again and the by-product carboxylic acid is hardly soluble / insoluble and easy to remove.
• a nonaqueous solvent in which lithium fluorosulfonate is soluble in the nonaqueous solvent used in the reaction step and the carboxylic acid produced as a byproduct is hardly soluble or insoluble and can be easily removed in advance.
• the excess lithium carboxylate and by-product carboxylic acid may be removed at once.
• the removal of the solvent after removing the by-product carboxylic acid can be performed according to the step of removing the nonaqueous solvent used in the reaction step.
• the non-aqueous solvent in which the lithium fluorosulfonate used in this step is soluble and the by-product carboxylic acid is hardly soluble / insoluble and easy to remove varies depending on the type of the by-product carboxylic acid.
• lithium acid, lithium malonate, or lithium succinate is used, although not particularly limited, dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate and the like are preferable.
• ⁇ A5. Purification process> In the present invention, it is preferable to go through a purification step in order to further increase the purity of lithium fluorosulfonate.
• the (crude) lithium fluorosulfonate obtained through the reaction step can be highly purified by operations such as washing, recrystallization, and reprecipitation.
• operations such as washing, recrystallization, and reprecipitation.
• the number of recrystallizations is not particularly limited and may be repeated.
• the number of washings is not particularly limited and may be repeated.
• recrystallization is repeated, it is preferably performed at least once each time, but is not particularly limited.
• the solvent used in the purification step is not particularly limited as long as it is other than water, but is preferably an organic solvent, and more preferably an aprotic polar organic solvent.
• aprotic polar organic solvent include chain carbonate esters such as dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, and diethyl carbonate; chain carboxylate esters such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, and methyl propionate; methanesulfonic acid Chain sulfonates such as methyl, ethyl methanesulfonate and methyl ethanesulfonate; Chain nitriles such as acetonitrile and propionitrile; Chain ethers such as diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether and t-butyl methyl ether; Tetrahydrofuran and tetrahydro And cyclic ethers such as pyran, 1,3-dioxolane, 1,3-d
• chain carbonates such as dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, and diethyl carbonate; chain carboxylic acid esters such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, and methyl propionate; chain nitriles such as acetonitrile and propionitrile are preferable.
• dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, ethyl acetate, and acetonitrile are preferred because of their availability.
• chain carbonates such as dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, and diethyl carbonate are preferred because of the effect on battery characteristics and the like when remaining. For these reasons, dimethyl carbonate and diethyl carbonate are most preferred.
• These solvents may be used alone or in combination.
• the poor solvent used in the reprecipitation method is not limited to this, and is not particularly limited as long as the solvent is less polar than the dissolved solvent.
• the amount of solvent used for recrystallization in the purification process but at least once it is necessary to dissolve (crude) lithium fluorosulfonate, but if it is too much, the recovery efficiency during recrystallization decreases. Therefore, it is not preferable.
• the preferred amount is not particularly limited because the solubility of lithium fluorosulfonate varies depending on the solvent used.
• dimethyl carbonate it is preferably at least twice the mass of the crude lithium fluorosulfonate solid, More preferably, it is 3 times or more, more preferably 5 times or more.
• the amount is preferably 20 times or less, more preferably 15 times or more, still more preferably 10 times or less, relative to the mass of the crude lithium fluorosulfonate solid.
• the temperature at the time of dissolution when recrystallization is performed for purification is not particularly limited. However, if it is too high, it is not preferable because decomposition due to heating is concerned, and if it is too low, it is preferable because a large amount of solvent is required for almost complete dissolution. Absent.
• the temperature during dissolution when recrystallization is performed for purification is preferably 100 ° C. or lower, more preferably 80 ° C. or lower, and further preferably 70 ° C. or lower. When recrystallization is performed, there is a concern that insoluble impurities remain after crystallization and before crystallization, it is preferable to perform an operation of removing insoluble matters by a method such as filtration.
• the temperature of crystallization at the time of recrystallization is not particularly limited as long as it is lower than the melting temperature, but it is preferable to lower the temperature to increase the recovery efficiency. There is a risk of causing precipitation.
• the temperature at the time of crystallization is not particularly limited because the preferred temperature varies depending on the recrystallization solvent used. For example, in the case of dimethyl carbonate, it is preferably 50 ° C. or less, more preferably 40 ° C. or less, more preferably 30 ° C. or less. It is preferably ⁇ 50 ° C. or higher, more preferably ⁇ 20 ° C. or higher, and further preferably 0 ° C. or higher.
• the nonaqueous solvent used in the purification step remains in the solid of lithium fluorosulfonate obtained through the purification step, it is preferably removed by drying.
• the method for removing the solvent is not particularly limited, but it is not preferable to apply a high temperature in the removal operation because there is a concern about thermal decomposition. On the other hand, if the temperature is too low, there is a possibility that sufficient removal may not be performed.
• the temperature for removal is preferably 100 ° C. or lower, more preferably 80 ° C. or lower, and further preferably 50 ° C. or lower. Moreover, it is preferably 0 ° C. or higher, more preferably 10 ° C. or higher, and further preferably 20 ° C.
• the removal time is preferably 30 minutes or more, more preferably 1 hour or more, and even more preferably 2 hours or more.
• the removal time is preferably 24 hours or less, more preferably 10 hours or less, and even more preferably 5 hours or less.
• the present invention relates to a method for producing lithium fluorosulfonate by obtaining it through a reaction step of lithium halide and fluorosulfonic acid in a non-aqueous solvent.
• the lithium halide used in the present invention is not particularly limited, but lithium fluoride, lithium chloride, lithium bromide, and lithium iodide are preferable because they are easily available. Furthermore, lithium chloride, lithium bromide, and lithium iodide are preferable because of their high reactivity. Furthermore, lithium chloride and lithium bromide are preferable because they are inexpensive. Furthermore, lithium chloride is most preferred because of the small mass of by-products generated during production.
• lithium halides may be used alone or in combination, but are preferably used alone so as not to complicate the operation.
• a commercially available product may be used as it is, or may be used after purification, or may be produced from another compound and used.
• the purity is higher, Preferably it is 99 mass% or more.
• the fluorosulfonic acid used in the reaction step of the present invention a commercially available product may be used as it is, or may be used after purification, or may be produced from another compound and used.
• the purity is not particularly limited, but it is preferable that the purity is higher because there is a concern that the performance of the battery or the like deteriorates due to remaining impurities derived from fluorosulfonic acid in lithium fluorosulfonate. Preferably it is 99 mass% or more.
• the charging ratio of fluorosulfonic acid and lithium halide used in the reaction step of the present invention is not particularly limited, but it is preferable from the viewpoint of the consumption efficiency of the raw material that the ratio does not deviate greatly from 1: 1.
• the ratio of fluorosulfonic acid and lithium halide used in the reaction step of the present invention is preferably such that the ratio of lithium halide to fluorosulfonic acid is usually 1 mol times or more, more preferably 1.01 mol times or more, Preferably it is 1.05 mol times or more.
• the upper limit is usually 2 mol times or less, preferably 1.5 mol times or less, and more preferably 1.2 mol times or less. It is preferable to adjust the amount ratio of the lithium halide to the fluorosulfonic acid within the above range because a high-purity lithium fluorosulfonic acid can be produced in a high yield without a complicated purification step.
• the non-aqueous solvent used in the reaction step of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is other than water.
• fluorosulfonic acid is a strong proton acid
• a non-aqueous solvent having low reactivity with the proton acid is preferable.
• generated lithium fluorosulfonate is not extremely low is preferable from making it react stably.
• the solubility of lithium fluorosulfonate in the non-aqueous solvent used in the reaction step is preferably 0.1% by mass or more, more preferably 1% by mass or more, and further preferably 5% by mass or more at room temperature.
• the boiling point of the non-aqueous solvent used in the reaction step is preferably 300 ° C. or less, more preferably 200 ° C. or less, and further preferably 150 ° C. or less at normal pressure.
• the boiling point is out of the above range, depending on the solvent used, it remains in the obtained lithium fluorosulfonate and may adversely affect battery performance.
• the non-aqueous solvent used in the reaction step of the present invention is preferably hydrofluoric anhydride or an organic solvent, more preferably an organic solvent, and particularly preferably an aprotic polar organic solvent.
• aprotic polar organic solvent include chain carbonate esters such as dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, and diethyl carbonate; chain carboxylate esters such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, and methyl propionate; methanesulfonic acid Chain sulfonate esters such as methyl, ethyl methanesulfonate and methyl ethanesulfonate; Chain nitriles such as acetonitrile and propionitrile; Chain ethers such as diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether and t-butyl methyl ether; Tetrahydrofuran and tetrahydro And cyclic ethers such as pyran,
• chain carbonates such as dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, and diethyl carbonate; chain carboxylic acid esters such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, and methyl propionate; chain nitriles such as acetonitrile and propionitrile; are preferable.
• dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl acetate, and acetonitrile are preferable because of their availability.
• chain carbonates such as dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, and diethyl carbonate are preferred because of the effect on battery characteristics and the like when remaining. For these reasons, dimethyl carbonate and diethyl carbonate are most preferred.
• These nonaqueous solvents may be used alone or in combination, but are preferably used alone so as not to complicate the operation.
• the ratio of the nonaqueous solvent to the fluorosulfonic acid used in the reaction step of the present invention is not particularly limited, but is preferably 100 times or less, more preferably 50 times or less, and even more preferably 25 times or less.
• the ratio of the solvent used in the reaction to the fluorosulfonic acid is preferably at least 2 times the volume ratio, more preferably at least 3 times, and even more preferably at least 5 times. When it is within the above range, the production efficiency is excellent, and the obtained lithium fluorosulfonate is not excessively precipitated during the reaction, and problems such as hindering stirring are difficult to occur.
• the temperature at the start of the reaction step of the present invention is not particularly limited, but is preferably 100 ° C. or lower, more preferably 80 ° C. or lower, and further preferably 60 ° C. or lower.
• the temperature at which the reaction is carried out is preferably ⁇ 20 ° C. or higher, more preferably ⁇ 10 ° C. or higher, and further preferably 0 ° C. or higher.
• the order of addition to the reaction system in the reaction step of the present invention is not particularly limited. Even if solid lithium halide is added while stirring the solution of fluorosulfonic acid, the solid lithium halide is dissolved in the solvent. Fluorosulfonic acid may be added dropwise while suspending in water. Moreover, the fluorosulfonic acid to be dropped may be diluted without being diluted in a solvent.
• the volume ratio is preferably 5 times or less, more preferably 3 times or less, and even more preferably 2 times or less.
• the amount of the diluting solvent is within the above range, the total amount of the solvent in the reaction system becomes an appropriate amount.
• the input time in the reaction step of the present invention is not particularly limited, but is preferably 10 hours or less, more preferably 5 hours or less, and even more preferably 1 hour or less.
• the charging time in the reaction of the present invention is preferably 1 minute or more, more preferably 5 minutes or more, and further preferably 10 minutes or more.
• the production efficiency is excellent because the input time in the reaction step of the present invention is within the above range.
• the temperature at the time of charging in the reaction step of the present invention is not particularly limited, but is preferably + 20 ° C. or lower, more preferably + 10 ° C. or lower, more preferably + 5 ° C. or lower at the start.
• the temperature at the time of charging in the reaction of the present invention is preferably ⁇ 20 ° C. or higher at the start, more preferably ⁇ 10 ° C. or higher, and further preferably ⁇ 5 ° C. or higher. preferable.
• problems such as solvent volatilization, occurrence of unpredictable side reactions, and reduction in reaction rate are less likely to occur.
• the temperature during the aging in the aging step is not particularly limited, but is preferably + 100 ° C. or lower, more preferably + 80 ° C. or lower, and more preferably + 50 ° C. or lower with respect to the temperature during the reaction. Further, the temperature during aging is preferably + 5 ° C. or higher, more preferably + 10 ° C. or higher, and more preferably + 20 ° C. or higher with respect to the temperature during the reaction.
• problems such as solvent volatilization, occurrence of unpredictable side reactions, and a decrease in reaction rate are less likely to occur.
• it may be higher or lower than the temperature at the time of charging, it is preferably higher in order to enhance the aging effect.
• the temperature of the aging step is within the above range, the volatilization of the solvent, the occurrence of side reactions and the like are suppressed, and the production efficiency is improved, so that the aging effect can be sufficiently obtained.
• the time of the said aging process in the reaction process of this invention is not specifically limited, Preferably it is 20 hours or less, More preferably, it is 10 hours or less, More preferably, it is 5 hours or less. Further, the reaction time in the reaction of the present invention is preferably 1 minute or more, more preferably 10 minutes or more, and further preferably 30 minutes or more. When the time of the aging step is within the above range, the production efficiency becomes good and the effect of aging can be sufficiently obtained.
• the atmosphere during the reaction step of the present invention is not particularly limited, but since there is a concern that the raw material fluorosulfonic acid and the product lithium fluorosulfonate may be decomposed by water, mixing may be performed in an atmosphere in which the outside air is blocked. Preferably, it is more preferable to perform the mixing in dry air or an inert atmosphere such as a nitrogen atmosphere or an argon atmosphere. These gases may be sealed after being introduced into the facility at the start of the reaction process, or may be continuously supplied and discharged into the apparatus.
• the reaction equipment in the reaction process of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a material used for general chemical production. However, if fluorosulfonic acid is hydrolyzed by mixing water in the atmosphere, hydrofluoric acid should be used. Because of the possibility of formation, it is preferable to use a material that is not easily corroded by hydrofluoric acid. In particular, it is preferable to use a material that is not corroded by hydrofluoric acid for a portion that is in contact with a reaction solution such as a reaction tank for a long time. Specifically, it is preferable to use materials other than glass in the reaction vessel.
• the equipment used in the present invention preferably has equipment for removing vaporized hydrogen halide produced as a by-product.
• Examples of the method for removing hydrogen halide include neutralization and detoxification after reaction with a solid base, adsorption to a solid adsorbent, absorption to a solvent such as water, etc. Is most convenient and preferred.
• absorption and detoxification may be performed in one step by using a solution in which a base is dissolved in a solvent, or an ion exchange treatment in which a base is added later.
• a two-stage method such as performing the above may be used.
• a gas containing hydrogen halide in the system can be blown into the solvent or passed through the solvent being sprayed.
• the gas containing hydrogen halide in the system can be extracted by pressurizing and depressurizing the gas sealed in the reaction vessel.
• the discharged gas is continuously removed.
• the method for recovering crude lithium fluorosulfonate or lithium fluorosulfonate as a solid from the solution after the reaction step is not particularly limited.
• the method for separating the insoluble matter of lithium halide is not particularly limited, and filtration such as vacuum filtration, pressure filtration, centrifugal filtration, etc., standing, sedimentation by centrifugation, and taking out the supernatant can be used. The methods can be combined or the methods can be repeated.
• the method for removing the solvent used in the reaction step is not particularly limited, and concentrated distillation or the like can be used.
• the temperature at the time of concentration distillation is not specifically limited, It is preferable to control to the temperature which does not greatly exceed the temperature at the time of reaction. Preferably, it is preferably + 50 ° C. or less, more preferably + 40 ° C. or less, and further preferably + 30 ° C. or less with respect to the temperature during aging.
• the pressure at the time of carrying out the concentration distillation may be either normal pressure or reduced pressure, but it must be set in accordance with the preferred temperature at the time of concentration. It is easy to avoid problems such as the occurrence of side reactions that are not expected to be too high at the temperature during concentration and distillation.
• the amount of the solvent used for the reaction is not particularly limited, and it may be dried or partially left, but when it is not completely dried, it is preferable because a purification effect by crystallization can be expected.
• the upper limit is preferably 20 times or less by volume ratio of the added fluorosulfonic acid, more preferably 15 times or less by volume ratio, and further preferably 10 times or less by volume ratio. . It is preferable for it to be within the above range since the recovery rate when recovered as a solid is increased.
• the lower limit is preferably 1 or more times by volume ratio of the added fluorosulfonic acid, more preferably 3 times or more by volume ratio, and further preferably 5 times or more by volume ratio. When it is within the above range, it is difficult to form a viscous slurry state, and handling becomes easy. However, this does not apply when the product is dried until it can be handled as a solid.
• the separation method is not particularly limited, and a method such as filtration under reduced pressure, pressure filtration, centrifugal filtration, etc., standing, sedimenting by centrifugation, and taking out the supernatant can be employed.
• hydrogen halide remaining in the solution may be vaporized and released, but the released gas is preferably treated in the same manner as the removal of hydrogen halide in the reaction step.
• the treatment method can be selected from treatment methods in the reaction step, and the method may be the same or different.
• lithium fluorosulfonate obtained according to the present invention contains less halogen element.
• the method of contacting with a non-aqueous solvent solution containing water is not particularly limited, but the non-aqueous solvent mixed with a small amount of water is contacted at least once in the purification process such as washing, recrystallization and reprecipitation.
• the method is preferred.
• a non-aqueous solvent in which a small amount of water is mixed into the reaction solution after the reaction may be introduced.
• treatment at the time of recrystallization and reprecipitation is preferable because it has a purification effect, and particularly, treatment at the time of recrystallization is more preferable because it has a high purification effect.
• washing it is preferable to use a solvent mixed with water in advance.
• water may be dissolved using a previously mixed solvent, or water may be added after dissolution, but it is dissolved to maintain the uniformity of the reaction. It is preferable to add water later.
• a non-aqueous solvent it is not preferable to add a non-aqueous solvent and dissolve after adding water to the solid before dissolution because the effect of water becomes non-uniform. It is preferable that a small amount of insoluble matter is generated by hydrolysis through this step, and the insoluble matter is preferably separated before recovering lithium fluorosulfonate as a solid from the non-aqueous solvent.
• the amount of water added is preferably a molar ratio of 1: 1 or more, more preferably 1: 1.02 or more, and more preferably 1: 1 with respect to the halogen content obtained by analysis immediately before carrying out this step. Is preferably 1: 1.05 or more.
• the amount of water added is preferably 1: 3 or less, more preferably 1: 2 or less, and more preferably 1: 2 or less with respect to the halogen content obtained by analysis immediately before carrying out this step. It is preferable that it is 1: 1.5 or less.
• the final product may be crystallized and precipitated as it is, but it is purified again by recrystallization or reprecipitation from a solvent system that does not contain water. It is preferable to implement.
• the solvent used in the purification step is not particularly limited as long as it is other than water, but is preferably an organic solvent, and more preferably an aprotic polar organic solvent.
• aprotic polar organic solvent include chain carbonate esters such as dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, and diethyl carbonate; chain carboxylate esters such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, and methyl propionate; methanesulfonic acid Chain sulfonates such as methyl, ethyl methanesulfonate and methyl ethanesulfonate; Chain nitriles such as acetonitrile and propionitrile; Chain ethers such as diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether and t-butyl methyl ether; Tetrahydrofuran and tetrahydro And cyclic ethers such as pyran, 1,3-dioxolane, 1,3-d
• chain carbonates such as dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, and diethyl carbonate; chain carboxylic acid esters such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, and methyl propionate; chain nitriles such as acetonitrile and propionitrile are preferable.
• dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl acetate, and acetonitrile are preferable because of their availability.
• chain carbonates such as dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, and diethyl carbonate are preferred because of the effect on battery characteristics and the like when remaining.
• dimethyl carbonate and diethyl carbonate are most preferred. These solvents may be used alone or in combination.
• the poor solvent used in the reprecipitation method is not limited to this, and is not particularly limited as long as the solvent is less polar than the dissolved solvent.
• the amount of solvent used for recrystallization in the purification process but at least once it is necessary to dissolve (crude) lithium fluorosulfonate, but if it is too much, the recovery efficiency during recrystallization decreases. Therefore, it is not preferable.
• the preferred amount varies depending on the solvent used, because the solubility of lithium fluorosulfonate is unclear.
• the amount is preferably at least twice the mass of the crude lithium fluorosulfonate solid.
• the amount is preferably 3 times or more, more preferably 5 times or more.
• the amount is preferably 20 times or less, more preferably 15 times or more, still more preferably 10 times or less, relative to the mass of the crude lithium fluorosulfonate solid.
• the temperature at the time of dissolution when recrystallization is performed for purification is not particularly limited. However, if it is too high, it is not preferable because decomposition due to heating is concerned, and if it is too low, it is preferable because a large amount of solvent is required for almost complete dissolution. Absent.
• the temperature during dissolution when recrystallization is performed for purification is preferably 100 ° C. or lower, more preferably 80 ° C. or lower, and further preferably 70 ° C. or lower. When recrystallization is performed, there is a concern that insoluble impurities remain after crystallization and before crystallization, it is preferable to perform an operation of removing insoluble matters by a method such as filtration.
• the temperature of crystallization at the time of recrystallization is not particularly limited as long as it is lower than the melting temperature, but it is preferable to lower the temperature to increase the recovery efficiency. There is a risk of causing precipitation.
• the temperature at the time of crystallization is not particularly limited because the preferred temperature varies depending on the recrystallization solvent used. For example, in the case of dimethyl carbonate, it is preferably 50 ° C. or less, more preferably 40 ° C. or less, more preferably 30 ° C. or less. It is preferably ⁇ 50 ° C. or higher, more preferably ⁇ 20 ° C. or higher, and further preferably 0 ° C. or higher.
• the solid lithium lithium sulfonate obtained through the solid-liquid separation step is used in the purification step and the like. Since the aqueous solvent remains, it is preferably removed by drying.
• the removal method is not particularly limited, but it is not preferable to apply a high temperature in the removal operation because there is a concern about thermal decomposition. On the other hand, if the temperature is too low, there is a possibility that sufficient removal may not be performed.
• the temperature for removal is preferably 100 ° C. or lower, more preferably 80 ° C. or lower, and further preferably 50 ° C. or lower. Moreover, it is preferably 0 ° C. or higher, more preferably 10 ° C. or higher, more preferably 20 ° C. or higher.
• the longer the removal time the better the removal efficiency, but the lower the production efficiency. For this reason, it is preferable to carry out in an appropriate range of time.
• the removal time is preferably 30 minutes or more, more preferably 1 hour or more, and even more preferably 2 hours or more.
• the removal time is preferably 24 hours or less, more preferably 10 hours or less, and even more preferably 5 hours or less.
• Lithium fluorosulfonate In order to show higher performance when lithium fluorosulfonate is used in a battery or the like, the purity is preferably high.
• the upper limit of the content of carboxylate ions in lithium fluorosulfonate is 2.5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 mol / kg or less, preferably 2.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 mol / kg or less, more preferably 1 It is 5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 mol / kg or less.
• the lower limit is 1.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 mol / kg or more, preferably 5.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 mol / kg or more, more preferably 1.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 mol / kg or more. It is.
• the content of carboxylate ions in the non-aqueous electrolyte is 4.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 mol / L or less as an upper limit, preferably 2.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 mol / L or less, more preferably 1.5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 mol / L or less, further preferably 1.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 mol / L or less, and most preferably 5.0 ⁇ 10 -4 mol / L or less.
• the lower limit is 1.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 7 mol / L or more, preferably 5.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 7 mol / L or more, more preferably 1.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 mol / L or more. It is. When the molar concentration of the carboxylate ion is within the above range, the internal impedance of the battery is lowered, and input / output characteristics and durability are more easily exhibited. Further, the above value is at least one of a value calculated from the addition amount and a value calculated from the content contained in the electrolytic solution by analyzing the electrolytic solution.
• halide ions that are easily oxidized in the battery, chemical species that easily generate halide ions with a small amount of water mixed in the battery, or the possibility of generating halide ions by reaction in the battery. It is desirable for controlling the battery characteristics that a certain compound having a halogen element is removed so as not to dissolve in the electrolytic solution. This can be confirmed by measuring the amount of halide ions when dissolved in water. On the other hand, it is also known that the performance of a battery is improved when a very small amount of halide salt is mixed.
• the upper limit of the halogen element content of lithium fluorosulfonate is 1.5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 mol / kg or less, preferably 1.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 mol / kg or less, more preferably 5. It is 0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 mol / kg or less, more preferably 3.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 mol / kg or less.
• the lower limit is 1.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 mol / kg or more, preferably 5.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 mol / kg or more, more preferably 1.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 mol / kg or more. It is.
• the content of halide ions excluding fluoride ions in the non-aqueous electrolyte is 1.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 mol / L as the upper limit. Or less, preferably 5.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 mol / L or less, more preferably 1.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 mol / L or less, still more preferably 5.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 mol / L or less, and most preferably Is 3.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 mol / L or less.
• the lower limit is 1.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 7 mol / L or more, preferably 5.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 7 mol / L or more, more preferably 1.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 mol / L or more. It is. When the molar concentration of halide ions excluding fluoride ions is within the above range, the internal impedance of the battery is lowered, and input / output characteristics and durability are more easily exhibited. Further, the above value is at least one of a value calculated from the addition amount and a value calculated from the content contained in the electrolytic solution by analyzing the electrolytic solution.
• the present invention also relates to lithium fluorosulfonate containing a specific amount of sulfate ion.
• sulfate ions may be produced as a by-product when producing lithium fluorosulfonate using the above lithium halide.
• the sulfate ion may be contained in any form of lithium sulfate, lithium hydrogen sulfate, and sulfuric acid.
• the molar content of sulfate ions is 1.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 mol / kg or more as a lower limit with respect to the weight of lithium fluorosulfonate, preferably 5.0.
• the upper limit of the molar content of sulfate ions contained in lithium fluorosulfonate is 2.5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 1 mol / kg or less, preferably 2.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 1 mol / kg or less. More preferably, it is 1.5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 1 mol / kg or less.
• the content of sulfate ions in the non-aqueous electrolytic solution is 1.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 mol / L or less as an upper limit, preferably 8 0.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 mol / L or less, more preferably 5.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 mol / L or less, still more preferably 1.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 mol / L or less, most preferably 5.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 mol / L or less.
• the lower limit is 1.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 7 mol / L or more, preferably 5.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 7 mol / L or more, more preferably 8.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 7 mol / L or more. It is.
• the above value is at least one of a value calculated from the addition amount and a value calculated from the content contained in the electrolytic solution by analyzing the electrolytic solution.
• the method for synthesizing and obtaining the lithium fluorosulfonate of the present invention is not particularly limited, and it can be used even if it is synthesized using any method or obtained.
• a method for synthesizing lithium fluorosulfonate for example, a method of obtaining lithium fluorosulfonate by reacting lithium fluoride or lithium silicon fluoride compound with sulfur trioxide or fluorosulfonic acid, or fluorosulfonic acid and lithium To obtain lithium fluorosulfonate, to react ammonium salt of fluorosulfonic acid with lithium, to obtain lithium fluorosulfonate, to react salt between fluorosulfonic acid and lithium carboxylate Fluorine can be easily used for a method of obtaining lithium fluorosulfonate, a method of obtaining lithium fluorosulfonate by reacting fluorosulfonic acid with lithium halide, and other halosulfonic acids such as chlorosulfonic acid.
• a method in which a substituted lithium sulfonate is obtained by fluorine substitution with fluoride, hydrofluoric acid, potassium fluoride fluoride fluoride hydrochloric acid potassium fluoride, etc., non-metallic inorganic fluoride, organic fluorinating agent, etc. can be mentioned.
• a solvent is not particularly limited, but when used, it can be selected from various organic solvents and inorganic solvents other than water according to the reaction reagent. At this time, it is preferable to use a solvent that hardly remains and has little influence even when it remains.
• the organic solvent include an aprotic solvent such as carbonate ester
• examples of the inorganic solvent include anhydrous hydrofluoric acid.
• Non-aqueous electrolyte contains at least lithium fluorosulfonate, a lithium salt other than lithium fluorosulfonate, and a non-aqueous solvent for dissolving them.
• Lithium fluorosulfonate As the lithium fluorosulfonate used in the non-aqueous electrolyte of the present invention, the lithium fluorosulfonate described in the previous section can be used.
• the molar content of lithium fluorosulfonate in the non-aqueous electrolyte solution is 0.0005 mol / L or more and preferably 0.01 mol / L or more as a lower limit. More preferably, it is 0.02 mol / L or more. Moreover, as an upper limit, it is 0.5 mol / L or less, it is preferable that it is 0.45 mol / L or less, and it is more preferable that it is 0.4 mol / L or less.
• the concentration range of lithium fluorosulfonate is 0.0005 mol / L or more and 0.5 mol / L or less, preferably 0.01 mol / L or more and 0.5 mol / L or less, preferably 0.01 mol / L or more and 0.45 mol. / L or less is more preferable, and 0.01 mol / L or more and 0.40 mol / L or less is particularly preferable.
• the molar concentration of lithium fluorosulfonate is within the above range, the internal impedance of the battery is lowered, and the input / output characteristics and durability are excellent.
• the above value is at least one of a value calculated from the addition amount and a value calculated from the content contained in the electrolytic solution by analyzing the electrolytic solution.
• counter-anion species FSO 3 fluoro lithium sulfonate nonaqueous electrolytic solution - molar content of, the lower limit value it is 0.0005 mol / L or more
• it is more preferably 0.01 mol / L or more, and particularly preferably 0.02 mol / L or more.
• the upper limit value is preferably 0.5 mol / L or less, more preferably 0.45 mol / L or less, and particularly preferably 0.4 mol / L or less.
• the concentration range of the counter anion species FSO 3 ⁇ is preferably 0.0005 mol / L or more and 0.5 mol / L or less, preferably 0.01 mol / L or more and 0.5 mol / L or less, and 0.01 mol / L or more and 0 or less. .45 mol / L or less is more preferable, and 0.01 mol / L or more and 0.40 mol / L or less is particularly preferable.
• the above value is at least one of a value calculated from the addition amount and a value calculated from the content contained in the electrolytic solution by analyzing the electrolytic solution.
• the molar content of the counter anion species FSO 3 ⁇ in the non-aqueous electrolyte can be determined, for example, by the amount of lithium fluorosulfonate used in preparing the non-aqueous electrolyte.
• the non-aqueous electrolyte solution in the present invention contains lithium fluorosulfate containing a specific amount of sulfate ions, but preferably further contains one or more other lithium salts.
• Other lithium salts are not particularly limited as long as they are known to be used in this application, and specific examples include the following.
• the counter-anion species of the lithium salt other than lithium fluorosulfonate in the non-aqueous electrolyte solution (for example, PF 6 ⁇ when the lithium salt other than lithium fluorosulfonate is LiPF 6 ) is used.
• the lower limit of the molar content is preferably 0.5 mol / L or more, more preferably 0.6 mol / L or more, and particularly preferably 0.7 mol / L or more.
• the concentration range of counter-anion species of lithium salts other than lithium fluorosulfonate is preferably 0.5 mol / L or more and 3.0 mol / L or less, and more preferably 0.5 mol / L or more and 2.0 mol / L or less. More preferably, it is 0.5 mol / L or more and 1.5 mol / L or less. If the concentration of the counter-anion species of the lithium salt other than lithium fluorosulfonate is within the above range, the total ion content in the non-aqueous electrolyte solution has an appropriate balance between the abundance and the viscosity of the electrolyte solution. The internal impedance of the battery is lowered without lowering the degree, and the effect of input / output characteristics is easily exhibited.
• the molar content of lithium fluorosulfonate in the lithium salt other than lithium fluorosulfonate [lithium salt other than lithium fluorosulfonate] in the non-aqueous electrolyte solution [lithium fluorosulfonate] ] is preferably 0.001 or more and 1.2 or less.
• [lithium fluorosulfonate] / [lithium salt other than lithium fluorosulfonate] is preferably 0.01 or more, more preferably 0.02 or more, Moreover, it is preferably 1.1 or less, more preferably 1.0 or less, and still more preferably 0.7 or less.
• the range of [lithium fluorosulfonate] / [lithium salt other than lithium fluorosulfonate] is preferably 0.001 to 1.2, more preferably 0.01 to 1.1, It is more preferably 1.0 or more and 1.0 or less, and particularly preferably 0.01 or more and 0.7 or less.
• lithium fluorophosphates other than the above LiPF 6 , lithium imide salts, lithium oxalate, and the like from the point that they have the effect of improving output characteristics, high rate charge / discharge characteristics, high temperature storage characteristics, cycle characteristics, etc. It may be preferable to include a lithium salt selected from salts. Specific examples of these lithium salts include LiPO 2 F 2 , LiBF 4 , LiN (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 , LiN (FSO 2 ) 2 , lithium difluorooxalatoborate, lithium bisoxalatoborate, lithium difluorobisbis A lithium salt selected from oxalatophosphate and lithium tetrafluorobisoxalate phosphate is preferred.
• the content of the lithium salt selected from tetrafluorobisoxalate phosphate is arbitrary as long as the effect of the present invention is not significantly impaired, but the lower limit is preferably 0.0005 mol / L or more, It is more preferably 0.001 mol / L or more, and particularly preferably 0.01 mol / L or more.
• the upper limit value is preferably 0.5 mol / L or less, more preferably 0.45 mol / L or less, and particularly preferably 0.4 mol / L or less.
• the preparation of the electrolyte solution in the case of incorporating the LiPO 2 F 2 in the electrolyte solution, the LiPO 2 F 2 which is separately synthesized by a known method, Ya methods and active material to be added to the electrolytic solution containing LiPF 6 A method of generating LiPO 2 F 2 in the system when water is allowed to coexist in a battery component such as an electrode plate and assembling a battery using an electrolyte containing LiPF 6 is used. You may use the method of.
• the method for measuring the content of LiPO 2 F 2 in the non-aqueous electrolyte and the non-aqueous electrolyte battery is not particularly limited, and any known method can be used. Examples include ion chromatography and F nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as NMR).
• Non-aqueous solvent In the present invention, typical specific examples of non-aqueous solvents for dissolving lithium fluorosulfonate and lithium salts other than lithium fluorosulfonate are listed below. In the present invention, these non-aqueous solvents are used alone or as a mixed liquid in which a plurality of solvents are mixed in an arbitrary ratio, but are not limited to these examples as long as the effects of the present invention are not significantly impaired.
• saturated cyclic carbonate examples include those having an alkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms.
• saturated cyclic carbonate having 2 to 4 carbon atoms examples include ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate and the like.
• ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate are particularly preferable from the viewpoint of improving battery characteristics resulting from an improvement in the degree of lithium ion dissociation.
• a saturated cyclic carbonate may be used individually by 1 type, and may have 2 or more types together by arbitrary combinations and ratios.
• the blending amount of the saturated cyclic carbonate is not particularly limited and is arbitrary as long as the effects of the present invention are not significantly impaired.
• the lower limit of the blending amount when one kind is used alone is 3 in 100% by volume of the non-aqueous solvent. It is at least 5% by volume, more preferably at least 5% by volume.
• an upper limit is 90 volume% or less, More preferably, it is 85 volume% or less, More preferably, it is 80 volume% or less.
• two or more kinds of saturated cyclic carbonates can be used in any combination.
• One preferred combination is a combination of ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate.
• the volume ratio of ethylene carbonate to propylene carbonate is preferably 99: 1 to 40:60, and particularly preferably 95: 5 to 50:50.
• the amount of propylene carbonate in the entire non-aqueous solvent is 1% by volume or more, preferably 2% by volume or more, more preferably 3% by volume or more, and the upper limit is usually 20% by volume or less, preferably 8% by volume or less. More preferably, it is 5 volume% or less.
• propylene carbonate is contained within this range, it is preferable because the low temperature characteristics are further excellent while maintaining the combination characteristics of ethylene carbonate and dialkyl carbonates.
• Examples of the chain carbonate that can be used as the non-aqueous solvent in the present invention include those having 3 to 7 carbon atoms. Specifically, as the chain carbonate having 3 to 7 carbon atoms, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, di-n-propyl carbonate, diisopropyl carbonate, n-propyl isopropyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, methyl-n-propyl carbonate, Examples thereof include n-butyl methyl carbonate, isobutyl methyl carbonate, t-butyl methyl carbonate, ethyl-n-propyl carbonate, n-butyl ethyl carbonate, isobutyl ethyl carbonate, t-butyl ethyl carbonate and the like.
• dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, di-n-propyl carbonate, diisopropyl carbonate, n-propyl isopropyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, and methyl n-propyl carbonate are preferable, and dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, and ethyl methyl carbonate are particularly preferable.
• chain carbonates having a fluorine atom hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as “fluorinated chain carbonate” can also be suitably used.
• the number of fluorine atoms contained in the fluorinated chain carbonate is not particularly limited as long as it is 1 or more, but is usually 6 or less, preferably 4 or less.
• the fluorinated chain carbonate When the fluorinated chain carbonate has a plurality of fluorine atoms, they may be bonded to the same carbon or may be bonded to different carbons.
• the fluorinated chain carbonate include a fluorinated dimethyl carbonate derivative, a fluorinated ethyl methyl carbonate derivative, and a fluorinated diethyl carbonate derivative.
• fluorinated dimethyl carbonate derivative examples include fluoromethyl methyl carbonate, difluoromethyl methyl carbonate, trifluoromethyl methyl carbonate, bis (fluoromethyl) carbonate, bis (difluoro) methyl carbonate, bis (trifluoromethyl) carbonate, and the like.
• Fluorinated ethyl methyl carbonate derivatives include 2-fluoroethyl methyl carbonate, ethyl fluoromethyl carbonate, 2,2-difluoroethyl methyl carbonate, 2-fluoroethyl fluoromethyl carbonate, ethyl difluoromethyl carbonate, 2,2,2-trimethyl Examples include fluoroethyl methyl carbonate, 2,2-difluoroethyl fluoromethyl carbonate, 2-fluoroethyl difluoromethyl carbonate, and ethyl trifluoromethyl carbonate.
• Fluorinated diethyl carbonate derivatives include ethyl- (2-fluoroethyl) carbonate, ethyl- (2,2-difluoroethyl) carbonate, bis (2-fluoroethyl) carbonate, ethyl- (2,2,2-trifluoro).
• Ethyl) carbonate 2,2-difluoroethyl-2′-fluoroethyl carbonate, bis (2,2-difluoroethyl) carbonate, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl-2′-fluoroethyl carbonate, 2,2, Examples include 2-trifluoroethyl-2 ′, 2′-difluoroethyl carbonate, bis (2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) carbonate, and the like.
• Chain carbonate may be used alone, or in a combination of two or more kinds in any combination and in any ratio.
• Linear carbonate, a non-aqueous solvent in 100% by volume is preferably 15% by volume or more.
• the viscosity of the non-aqueous electrolyte solution is set in an appropriate range, the decrease in ionic conductivity is suppressed, and consequently, the large current discharge characteristics of the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery are easily set in a favorable range.
• a chain carbonate, a non-aqueous solvent in 100% by volume preferably 90 vol% or less.
• the blending amount of the chain carbonate is more preferably 20% by volume or more, further preferably 25% by volume or more, more preferably 85% by volume or less, still more preferably 80% by volume or less.
• battery performance can be remarkably improved by combining ethylene carbonate with a specific compounding quantity with respect to a specific chain carbonate.
• the blending amount of ethylene carbonate is 15% by volume or more and 40% by volume or less, and the blending amount of dimethyl carbonate is 20% by volume or more and 50% by volume or less.
• the amount of ethyl methyl carbonate is preferably 20% by volume or more and 50% by volume or less.
• the low-temperature deposition temperature of the electrolyte is lowered, the viscosity of the nonaqueous electrolytic solution is also lowered to improve the ionic conductivity, and a high output can be obtained even at a low temperature.
• the blending amount of ethylene carbonate is 25% by volume or more and 35% by volume or less
• the blending amount of dimethyl carbonate is 30% by volume or more and 40% by volume or less
• the blending amount of ethyl methyl carbonate is 30% by volume or more, % Or less.
• the cyclic carbonate having a fluorine atom (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as “fluorinated cyclic carbonate”) that can be used as a non-aqueous solvent in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a cyclic carbonate having a fluorine atom.
• fluorinated cyclic carbonate include cyclic carbonate derivatives having an alkylene group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, such as ethylene carbonate derivatives.
• the ethylene carbonate derivative includes, for example, ethylene carbonate or a fluorinated product of ethylene carbonate substituted with an alkyl group (for example, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms), and particularly one having 1 to 8 fluorine atoms. Is preferred.
• At least one selected from the group consisting of monofluoroethylene carbonate, 4,4-difluoroethylene carbonate, 4,5-difluoroethylene carbonate, and 4,5-difluoro-4,5-dimethylethylene carbonate has high ionic conductivity. It is more preferable in terms of imparting properties and suitably forming an interface protective film.
• a fluorinated cyclic carbonate may be used individually by 1 type, and may have 2 or more types together by arbitrary combinations and ratios.
• the blending amount of the fluorinated cyclic carbonate is not particularly limited and is arbitrary as long as the effects of the present invention are not significantly impaired, but in 100% by mass of the non-aqueous electrolyte solution, preferably 0.001% by mass or more, more preferably. Is 0.01% by mass or more, more preferably 0.1% by mass or more, preferably 85% by mass or less, more preferably 80% by mass or less, and further preferably 75% by mass or less.
• concentration of a fluorinated cyclic carbonate 0.001 mass% or more and 85 mass% or less are preferable, 0.01 mass% or more and 80 mass% or less are more preferable, 0.1 mass% or more and 75 mass% or less Is more preferable.
• the fluorinated cyclic carbonate may be used as a main solvent or a secondary solvent of the non-aqueous electrolyte solution.
• the blending amount of the fluorinated cyclic carbonate when used as the main solvent is preferably 8% by mass or more, more preferably 10% by mass or more, and more preferably 12% by mass in 100% by mass of the nonaqueous electrolytic solution. % Or more, preferably 85% by mass or less, more preferably 80% by mass or less, and still more preferably 75% by mass or less. If it is this range, a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery will be easy to express sufficient cycling characteristics improvement effect, and it will be easy to avoid that a discharge capacity maintenance factor falls.
• the blending amount of the fluorinated cyclic carbonate when used as a secondary solvent is preferably 0.001% by mass or more, more preferably 0.01% by mass or more, in 100% by mass of the non-aqueous electrolyte solution. Furthermore, it is preferably 0.1% by mass or more, preferably 8% by mass or less, more preferably 6% by mass or less, and further preferably 5% by mass or less. Within this range, the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery tends to exhibit sufficient output characteristics.
• Examples of the chain carboxylic acid ester that can be used as the non-aqueous solvent in the present invention include those having 3 to 7 carbon atoms in the structural formula. Specifically, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, acetate n-propyl, isopropyl acetate, n-butyl acetate, isobutyl acetate, t-butyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, n-propyl propionate, Isopropyl propionate, n-butyl propionate, isobutyl propionate, t-butyl propionate, methyl butyrate, ethyl butyrate, n-propyl butyrate, isopropyl butyrate, methyl isobutyrate, ethyl isobutyrate, isobutyric acid-n- Examples include propyl and isopropy
• the chain carboxylic acid ester is preferably 5% by volume or more in 100% by volume of the non-aqueous solvent. By setting it as 5 volume% or more, it becomes easy to improve the electrical conductivity of a non-aqueous electrolyte solution, and to improve the large current discharge characteristic of a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
• the chain carboxylic acid ester is preferably 80% by volume or less in 100% by volume of the non-aqueous solvent. By setting it to 80% by volume or less, increase in negative electrode resistance is suppressed, and the large current discharge characteristics and cycle characteristics of the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery can be easily set in a favorable range.
• the amount of the chain carboxylic acid ester is more preferably 8% by volume or more, and more preferably 70% by volume or less.
• ⁇ Cyclic carboxylic acid ester examples include those having 3 to 12 total carbon atoms in the structural formula. Specific examples include gamma butyrolactone, gamma valerolactone, gamma caprolactone, epsilon caprolactone, and the like. Among these, gamma butyrolactone is particularly preferable from the viewpoint of improving battery characteristics resulting from an improvement in the degree of lithium ion dissociation.
• the cyclic carboxylic acid ester is preferably 3% by volume or more in 100% by volume of the non-aqueous solvent. By setting it as 3 volume% or more, it becomes easy to improve the electrical conductivity of a non-aqueous electrolyte solution, and to improve the large current discharge characteristic of a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
• the cyclic carboxylic acid ester is preferably 60% by volume or less. By setting the volume to 60% by volume or less, the viscosity of the non-aqueous electrolyte solution is within an appropriate range, the decrease in electrical conductivity is avoided, the increase in negative electrode resistance is suppressed, and the large current discharge characteristics of the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery Becomes easy to be in a good range.
• the amount of the cyclic carboxylic acid ester is more preferably 5% by volume or more, and more preferably 50% by volume or less.
• chain ether having 3 to 10 carbon atoms include diethyl ether, di (2-fluoroethyl) ether, di (2,2-difluoroethyl) ether, di (2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) ether, ethyl (2-fluoroethyl) ether, ethyl (2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) ether, ethyl (1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl) ether, (2-fluoroethyl) (2,2,2 -Trifluoroethyl) ether, (2-fluoroethyl) (1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl) ether, (2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) ether,
• Examples of the cyclic ether having 3 to 6 carbon atoms include tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, 3-methyltetrahydrofuran, 1,3-dioxane, 2-methyl-1,3-dioxane, 4-methyl-1,3-dioxane, 1 , 4-dioxane and the like, and fluorinated compounds thereof.
• dimethoxymethane, diethoxymethane, ethoxymethoxymethane, ethylene glycol di-n-propyl ether, ethylene glycol di-n-butyl ether, and diethylene glycol dimethyl ether have high solvating ability to lithium ions and improve ion dissociation.
• dimethoxymethane, diethoxymethane, and ethoxymethoxymethane are preferable because they have low viscosity and give high ionic conductivity.
• the compounding amount of the ether compound is usually 3% by volume or more, more preferably 4% by volume or more, more preferably 5% by volume or more, and preferably 70% by volume or less in 100% by volume of the non-aqueous solvent. More preferably, it is 65 volume% or less, More preferably, it is 60 volume% or less. If it is this range, it is easy to ensure the improvement effect of the lithium ion dissociation degree of chain ether, and the improvement of the ionic conductivity derived from a viscosity fall, and when a negative electrode active material is a carbonaceous material, a chain ether with lithium ion It is easy to avoid a situation where the capacity is reduced due to co-insertion.
• the number of sulfonyl groups in one molecule is preferably 1 or 2.
• the cyclic sulfone include trimethylene sulfones, tetramethylene sulfones and hexamethylene sulfones which are monosulfone compounds; trimethylene disulfones, tetramethylene disulfones and hexamethylene disulfones which are disulfone compounds.
• tetramethylene sulfones from the viewpoint of dielectric constant and viscosity, tetramethylene sulfones, tetramethylene disulfones, hexamethylene sulfones, and hexamethylene disulfones are more preferable, and tetramethylene sulfones (sulfolanes) are particularly preferable.
• sulfolanes As the sulfolanes, at least one of sulfolane and sulfolane derivatives (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as “sulfolanes” including sulfolane) is preferable.
• the sulfolane derivative is preferably one in which one or more hydrogen atoms bonded to the carbon atoms constituting the sulfolane ring are substituted with a fluorine atom or an alkyl group.
• chain sulfone dimethyl sulfone, ethyl methyl sulfone, diethyl sulfone, n-propyl methyl sulfone, n-propyl ethyl sulfone, di-n-propyl sulfone, isopropyl methyl sulfone, isopropyl ethyl sulfone, diisopropyl sulfone, n- Butyl methyl sulfone, n-butyl ethyl sulfone, t-butyl methyl sulfone, t-butyl ethyl sulfone, monofluoromethyl methyl sulfone, difluoromethyl methyl sulfone, trifluoromethyl methyl sulfone, monofluoroethyl methyl sulfone, difluoroethyl methyl sulfone
• the sulfone compound is preferably 0.3% by volume or more and 100% by volume or less in 100% by volume of the non-aqueous solvent. Within this range, durability improvement effects such as cycle characteristics and storage characteristics can be easily obtained, and the viscosity of the non-aqueous electrolyte can be set to an appropriate range to avoid a decrease in electrical conductivity. When charging / discharging an aqueous electrolyte secondary battery at a high current density, it is easy to avoid a situation in which the charge / discharge capacity retention rate decreases.
• the blending amount of the sulfone compound is more preferably 0.5% by volume or more, further preferably 1% by volume or more, more preferably 75% by volume or less, and further preferably 70% by volume or less.
• auxiliaries can be contained in the non-aqueous solvent, but are not particularly limited to these examples as long as the effects of the present invention are not significantly impaired.
• ⁇ Cyclic carbonate having a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond In the non-aqueous electrolyte of the present invention, a cyclic carbonate having a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond (hereinafter referred to as “unsaturated”) is formed in order to form a film on the negative electrode surface of the non-aqueous electrolyte battery and to extend the life of the battery. May be abbreviated as “cyclic carbonate”).
• the cyclic carbonate having a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond is not particularly limited as long as it is a cyclic carbonate having a carbon-carbon double bond, and a carbonate having an arbitrary carbon-carbon unsaturated bond can be used.
• the cyclic carbonate having a substituent having an aromatic ring is also included in the cyclic carbonate having a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond.
• the unsaturated cyclic carbonate include vinylene carbonates, ethylene carbonates substituted with a substituent having an aromatic ring or a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond, phenyl carbonates, vinyl carbonates, allyl carbonates, and the like.
• vinylene carbonates examples include vinylene carbonate, methyl vinylene carbonate, 4,5-dimethyl vinylene carbonate, phenyl vinylene carbonate, 4,5-diphenyl vinylene carbonate, vinyl vinylene carbonate, allyl vinylene carbonate, and the like.
• ethylene carbonates substituted with a substituent having an aromatic ring or a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond include vinyl ethylene carbonate, 4,5-divinyl ethylene carbonate, phenyl ethylene carbonate, 4,5-diphenyl ethylene carbonate, Examples include ethynyl ethylene carbonate and 4,5-diethynyl ethylene carbonate.
• vinylene carbonates ethylene carbonate substituted with a substituent having an aromatic ring or a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond are preferable, and in particular, vinylene carbonate, 4,5-diphenyl vinylene carbonate, 4,5-dimethyl vinylene carbonate, vinyl Ethylene carbonate and ethynyl ethylene carbonate are more preferably used because they form a stable interface protective film.
• the molecular weight of the unsaturated cyclic carbonate is not particularly limited, and is arbitrary as long as the effects of the present invention are not significantly impaired.
• the molecular weight is preferably 50 or more and 250 or less. If it is this range, it will be easy to ensure the solubility of the unsaturated cyclic carbonate with respect to a non-aqueous electrolyte solution, and the effect of this invention will fully be expressed easily.
• the molecular weight of the unsaturated cyclic carbonate is more preferably 80 or more, and more preferably 150 or less.
• the production method of the unsaturated cyclic carbonate is not particularly limited, and can be produced by arbitrarily selecting a known method.
• the unsaturated cyclic carbonate may be used alone or in combination of two or more in any combination and ratio. Moreover, the compounding quantity of unsaturated cyclic carbonate is not restrict
• the unsaturated cyclic carbonate is preferably 0.001% by mass or more, more preferably 0.01% by mass or more, further preferably 0.1% by mass or more, particularly preferably in 100% by mass of the non-aqueous electrolyte solution. Is 0.2% by mass or more, preferably 10% by mass or less, more preferably 8% by mass or less, and still more preferably 5% by mass or less.
• concentration of unsaturated cyclic carbonate 0.001 mass% or more and 10 mass% or less are preferable, 0.001 mass% or more and 8 mass% or less are more preferable, 0.001 mass% or more and 5 mass% or less Is more preferable.
• the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery is likely to exhibit a sufficient cycle characteristic improvement effect, the high-temperature storage characteristic is reduced, the amount of gas generation is increased, and the discharge capacity maintenance rate is reduced. Easy to avoid the situation.
• fluorinated unsaturated cyclic carbonate it is also preferable to use a cyclic carbonate having an unsaturated bond and a fluorine atom (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as “fluorinated unsaturated cyclic carbonate”).
• fluorinated unsaturated cyclic carbonate is not particularly limited. Of these, those having 1 or 2 fluorine atoms are preferred.
• fluorinated unsaturated cyclic carbonate examples include vinylene carbonate derivatives, ethylene carbonate derivatives substituted with a substituent having an aromatic ring or a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond, and the like.
• vinylene carbonate derivatives include 4-fluoro vinylene carbonate, 4-fluoro-5-methyl vinylene carbonate, 4-fluoro-5-phenyl vinylene carbonate, 4,5-difluoroethylene carbonate, and the like.
• Examples of the ethylene carbonate derivative substituted with a substituent having an aromatic ring or a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond include 4-fluoro-4-vinylethylene carbonate, 4-fluoro-5-vinylethylene carbonate, 4,4-difluoro-4 -Vinylethylene carbonate, 4,5-difluoro-4-vinylethylene carbonate, 4-fluoro-4,5-divinylethylene carbonate, 4,5-difluoro-4,5-divinylethylene carbonate, 4-fluoro-4-phenyl Examples thereof include ethylene carbonate, 4-fluoro-5-phenylethylene carbonate, 4,4-difluoro-5-phenylethylene carbonate, 4,5-difluoro-4-phenylethylene carbonate, and the like.
• the molecular weight of the fluorinated unsaturated cyclic carbonate is not particularly limited, and is arbitrary as long as the effects of the present invention are not significantly impaired.
• the molecular weight is preferably 50 or more and 250 or less. If it is this range, it will be easy to ensure the solubility of the fluorinated cyclic carbonate with respect to a non-aqueous electrolyte solution, and the effect of this invention will be easy to be expressed.
• the production method of the fluorinated unsaturated cyclic carbonate is not particularly limited, and can be produced by arbitrarily selecting a known method.
• the molecular weight is more preferably 80 or more, and more preferably 150 or less.
• Fluorinated unsaturated cyclic carbonates may be used alone or in combination of two or more in any combination and ratio. Moreover, the compounding quantity of a fluorinated unsaturated cyclic carbonate is not restrict
• the fluorinated unsaturated cyclic carbonate is preferably 0.01% by mass or more and 5% by mass or less in 100% by mass of the non-aqueous electrolyte solution. Within this range, the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery is likely to exhibit a sufficient cycle characteristics improvement effect, and the high-temperature storage characteristics are reduced, the amount of gas generated is increased, and the discharge capacity maintenance rate is reduced. Easy to avoid.
• the blending amount of the fluorinated unsaturated cyclic carbonate is more preferably 0.1% by mass or more, further preferably 0.2% by mass or more, more preferably 4% by mass or less, and further preferably 3% by mass or less. It is.
• R 1 and R 2 are each independently an organic group composed of at least one atom selected from the group consisting of carbon atom, hydrogen atom, nitrogen atom, oxygen atom, sulfur atom, phosphorus atom and halogen atom.
• R 1 and R 2 may contain an unsaturated bond together with —O—SO 2 —.
• R 1 and R 2 are preferably organic groups composed of atoms consisting of carbon atoms, hydrogen atoms, oxygen atoms and sulfur atoms. Among them, a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, —O—SO, An organic group having 2- is preferable.
• the molecular weight of the cyclic sulfonic acid ester compound is not particularly limited and is arbitrary as long as the effects of the present invention are not significantly impaired.
• the molecular weight is preferably 100 or more and 250 or less. If it is this range, it will be easy to ensure the solubility of the cyclic sulfonic acid ester compound with respect to a non-aqueous electrolyte solution, and the effect of this invention will be easy to be expressed.
• the production method of the cyclic sulfonate compound is not particularly limited, and can be produced by arbitrarily selecting a known method.
• Specific examples of the compound represented by the general formula (1) include, for example, 1,3-propane sultone, 1-fluoro-1,3-propane sultone, 2-fluoro-1,3-propane sultone, 3-fluoro-1,3-propane sultone, 1-methyl-1,3-propane sultone, 2-methyl-1,3-propane sultone, 3-methyl-1,3-propane sultone 1-propene-1,3-sultone, 2-propene-1,3-sultone, 1-fluoro-1-propene-1,3-sultone,
• 1,4-butane sultone 1-fluoro-1,4-butane sultone, 2-fluoro-1,4-butane sultone, 3-fluoro-1,4-butane sultone, 4-fluoro-1,4-butane sultone, 1-methyl-1,4-butane sultone, 2-methyl-1,4-butane sultone, 3-methyl-1,4-butane sultone, 4-methyl-1,4-butane sultone, 1-butene-1,4-sultone, 2-butene-1,4-sultone,
• 5-fluoro-1-pentene-1,5-sultone 1-fluoro-2-pentene-1,5-sultone, 2-fluoro-2-pentene-1,5-sultone, 3-fluoro-2-pentene-1,5-sultone, 4-fluoro-2-pentene-1,5-sultone, 5-fluoro-2-pentene-1,5-sultone, 1-fluoro-3-pentene-1,5-sultone, 2-fluoro-3-pentene-1,5-sultone, 3-fluoro-3-pentene-1,5-sultone, 4-fluoro-3-pentene-1,5-sultone, 5-fluoro-3-pentene-1,5-sultone,
• 1,2,4-oxathiaphosphinan-2,2-dioxide 4-methyl-1,2,4-oxathiaphosphinan-2,2-dioxide, 4-methyl-1,2,4-oxathiaphosphinan-2,2,3-trioxide, 4-methyl-1,5,2,4-dioxathiaphosphinan-2,4-dioxide, 4-methoxy-1,5,2,4-dioxathiaphosphinan-2,4-dioxide, 3-methoxy-1,2,4-oxathiaphosphinan-2,2,3-trioxide, 1,2,5-oxathiaphosphinan-2,2-dioxide, 5-methyl-1,2,5-oxathiaphosphinan-2,2-dioxide, 5-methyl-1,2,5-oxathiaphosphinan-2,2-dioxide, 5-methyl-1,2,5-oxathiaphosphinan-2,2,3-trioxide, 5-methoxy-1,
• 1,2,6-oxathiaphosphinan-2,2-dioxide 6-methyl-1,2,6-oxathiaphosphinan-2,2-dioxide, 6-methyl-1,2,6-oxathiaphosphinan-2,2,3-trioxide, Phosphorus-containing compounds such as 6-methoxy-1,2,6-oxathiaphosphinan-2,2,3-trioxide;
• 1,3-propane sultone, 1-fluoro-1,3-propane sultone, 2-fluoro-1,3-propane sultone, 3-fluoro-1 1,3-propane sultone and 1-propene-1,3-sultone are more preferred.
• the cyclic sulfonic acid ester compounds may be used alone or in combination of two or more in any combination and ratio. There is no limitation on the amount of the cyclic sulfonic acid ester compound added to the entire non-aqueous electrolyte of the present invention, and it is optional as long as the effects of the present invention are not significantly impaired. 001% by mass or more, preferably 0.1% by mass or more, more preferably 0.3% by mass or more, and usually 10% by mass or less, preferably 5% by mass or less, more preferably 3% by mass or less. Let When the above range is satisfied, effects such as output characteristics, load characteristics, low temperature characteristics, cycle characteristics, and high temperature storage characteristics are further improved.
• the compound having a cyano group that can be used in the nonaqueous electrolytic solution of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a compound having a cyano group in the molecule, but is represented by the general formula (2).
• the compound which is made is mentioned.
• T represents an organic group composed of an atom selected from the group consisting of a carbon atom, a hydrogen atom, a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a phosphorus atom and a halogen atom, and U has a substituent.
• a V-valent organic group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms V is an integer of 1 or more, and when V is 2 or more, T may be the same or different.
• the molecular weight of the compound having a cyano group is not particularly limited and is arbitrary as long as the effects of the present invention are not significantly impaired.
• the molecular weight is preferably 50 or more, more preferably 80 or more, still more preferably 100 or more, and 200 or less.
• the production method of the compound having a cyano group is not particularly limited, and can be produced by arbitrarily selecting a known method.
• Specific examples of the compound represented by the general formula (2) include, for example, Acetonitrile, propionitrile, butyronitrile, isobutyronitrile, valeronitrile, isovaleronitrile, lauronitrile, 2-methylbutyronitrile, 2,2-dimethylbutyronitrile, hexanenitrile, cyclopentanecarbonitrile, cyclohexanecarbonitrile , Acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, crotononitrile, 3-methylcrotononitrile, 2-methyl-2-butenenitryl, 2-pentenenitrile, 2-methyl-2-pentenenitrile, 3-methyl-2-pentenenitrile 2-hexenenitrile, fluoroacetonitrile, difluoroacetonitrile, trifluoroacetonitrile, 2-fluoropropionitrile, 3-fluoropropionitrile, 2,2-difluoropropionitrile, 2,3 Difluoropropionitrile, 3,
• Cyanate compounds such as methyl cyanate, ethyl cyanate, propyl cyanate, butyl cyanate, pentyl cyanate, hexyl cyanate, heptyl cyanate;
• a compound having two groups is more preferred.
• a compound having a cyano group may be used alone or in combination of two or more in any combination and ratio.
• the compounding amount of the compound having a cyano group with respect to the entire non-aqueous electrolyte solution of the present invention is not limited, and is arbitrary as long as the effects of the present invention are not significantly impaired. 001% by mass or more, preferably 0.1% by mass or more, more preferably 0.3% by mass or more, and usually 10% by mass or less, preferably 5% by mass or less, more preferably 3% by mass or less.
• the diisocyanate compound that can be used in the nonaqueous electrolytic solution of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a compound having two isocyanato groups in the molecule, but is preferably a compound represented by the following general formula (3).
• X is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 16 carbon atoms which may be substituted with fluorine
• X is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 16 carbon atoms which may be substituted with fluorine.
• the carbon number of X is preferably 2 or more, more preferably 3 or more, particularly preferably 4 or more, and is preferably 14 or less, more preferably 12 or less, particularly preferably 10 or less, and most preferably 8 or less.
• the type of X is not particularly limited as long as it is a hydrocarbon group.
• Any of an aliphatic chain alkylene group, an aliphatic cyclic alkylene group and an aromatic ring-containing hydrocarbon group may be used, but an aliphatic chain alkylene group or an aliphatic cyclic alkylene group is preferred.
• diisocyanate in the present invention are as follows: Linear polymethylene diisocyanates such as ethylene diisocyanate, trimethylene diisocyanate, tetramethylene diisocyanate, pentamethylene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, heptamethylene diisocyanate, octamethylene diisocyanate, decamethylene diisocyanate, dodecamethylene diisocyanate, tetradecamethylene diisocyanate; 1-methylhexamethylene diisocyanate, 2-methylhexamethylene diisocyanate, 3-methylhexamethylene diisocyanate, 1,1-dimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate, 1,2-dimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate, 1,3-dimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate, 1, Branched alkylene diisocyanates such as 4-dimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate, 1,5-dimethylhexamethylene diiso
• Linear polymethylene diisocyanates such as ethylene diisocyanate, trimethylene diisocyanate, tetramethylene diisocyanate, pentamethylene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, heptamethylene diisocyanate, octamethylene diisocyanate, decamethylene diisocyanate, dodecamethylene diisocyanate, tetradecamethylene diisocyanate; 1-methylhexamethylene diisocyanate, 2-methylhexamethylene diisocyanate, 3-methylhexamethylene diisocyanate, 1,1-dimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate, 1,2-dimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate, 1,3-dimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate, 1, Branched alkylene diisocyanates such as 4-dimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate, 1,5-dimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate, 1,6-dimethylhexamethylene
• Linear polymethylene diisocyanates selected from tetramethylene diisocyanate, pentamethylene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, heptamethylene diisocyanate, octamethylene diisocyanate; 1,2-diisocyanatocyclopentane, 1,3-diisocyanatocyclopentane, 1,2-diisocyanatocyclohexane, 1,3-diisocyanatocyclohexane, 1,4-diisocyanatocyclohexane, 1,2 -Bis (isocyanatomethyl) cyclohexane, 1,3-bis (isocyanatomethyl) cyclohexane, 4-bis (isocyanatomethyl) cyclohexane, dicyclohexylmethane-2,2'-diisocyanate, dicyclohexylmethane-2,4'-diisocyanate;
• the diisocyanate in this invention mentioned above may be used individually by 1 type, and may use 2 or more types together by arbitrary combinations and ratios.
• the content of diisocyanate that can be used is usually 0.001% by mass or more, preferably 0.01% by mass or more, more preferably based on the total mass of the non-aqueous electrolyte solution. Is 0.1% by mass or more, more preferably 0.3% by mass or more, and usually 5% by mass or less, preferably 4.0% by mass or less, more preferably 3.0% by mass or less, and further preferably 2% by mass. % Or less.
• durability such as cycle and storage can be improved, and the effects of the present invention can be sufficiently exhibited.
• an overcharge inhibitor can be used to effectively suppress battery rupture / ignition when the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery is in an overcharged state or the like.
• aromatic compounds such as biphenyl, alkylbiphenyl, terphenyl, partially hydrogenated terphenyl, cyclohexylbenzene, t-butylbenzene, t-amylbenzene, diphenyl ether, dibenzofuran; 2-fluorobiphenyl, Partially fluorinated products of the above aromatic compounds such as o-cyclohexylfluorobenzene and p-cyclohexylfluorobenzene; 2,4-difluoroanisole, 2,5-difluoroanisole, 2,6-difluoroanisole, 3,5-difluoroanisole and the like And a fluorine-containing anisole compound.
• aromatic compounds such as biphenyl, alkylbiphenyl, terphenyl, partially hydrogenated terphenyl, cyclohexylbenzene, t-butylbenzene, t-amylbenzene
• aromatic compounds such as biphenyl, alkylbiphenyl, terphenyl, terphenyl partially hydrogenated, cyclohexylbenzene, t-butylbenzene, t-amylbenzene, diphenyl ether, and dibenzofuran are preferable. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
• a combination of cyclohexylbenzene and t-butylbenzene or t-amylbenzene biphenyl, alkylbiphenyl, terphenyl, a partially hydrogenated terphenyl, cyclohexylbenzene, t-butylbenzene,
• aromatic compounds not containing oxygen such as t-amylbenzene
• oxygen-containing aromatic compounds such as diphenyl ether, dibenzofuran, and the like
• the blending amount of the overcharge inhibitor is not particularly limited and is arbitrary as long as the effects of the present invention are not significantly impaired.
• the overcharge inhibitor is preferably 0.1% by mass or more and 5% by mass or less in 100% by mass of the non-aqueous electrolyte solution. If it is this range, it will be easy to fully express the effect of an overcharge inhibiting agent, and it will be easy to avoid the situation where the battery characteristics, such as a high temperature storage characteristic, fall.
• the overcharge inhibitor is more preferably 0.2% by mass or more, further preferably 0.3% by mass or more, particularly preferably 0.5% by mass or more, and more preferably 3% by mass or less, still more preferably. Is 2% by mass or less.
• auxiliaries include carbonate compounds such as erythritan carbonate, spiro-bis-dimethylene carbonate, methoxyethyl-methyl carbonate; succinic anhydride, glutaric anhydride, maleic anhydride, citraconic anhydride, glutaconic anhydride, anhydrous Carboxylic anhydrides such as itaconic acid, diglycolic anhydride, cyclohexanedicarboxylic anhydride, cyclopentanetetracarboxylic dianhydride and phenylsuccinic anhydride; 2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro [5.5 ] Spiro compounds such as undecane, 3,9-divinyl-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro [5.5] undecane; ethylene sulfite, methyl fluorosulf
• the compounding amount of other auxiliary agents is not particularly limited, and is arbitrary as long as the effects of the present invention are not significantly impaired.
• the other auxiliary agent is preferably 0.01% by mass or more and 5% by mass or less in 100% by mass of the non-aqueous electrolyte solution. Within this range, the effects of other auxiliaries can be sufficiently exhibited, and it is easy to avoid a situation in which battery characteristics such as high-load discharge characteristics deteriorate.
• the blending amount of other auxiliaries is more preferably 0.1% by mass or more, further preferably 0.2% by mass or more, more preferably 3% by mass or less, and further preferably 1% by mass or less. .
• the non-aqueous electrolyte solution described above includes those existing inside the non-aqueous electrolyte battery according to the present invention. Specifically, the components of the non-aqueous electrolyte solution such as lithium salt, solvent, and auxiliary agent are separately synthesized, and the non-aqueous electrolyte solution is prepared from what is substantially isolated by the method described below.
• nonaqueous electrolyte solution in a nonaqueous electrolyte battery obtained by pouring into a separately assembled battery the components of the nonaqueous electrolyte solution of the present invention are individually placed in the battery, In order to obtain the same composition as the non-aqueous electrolyte solution of the present invention by mixing in a non-aqueous electrolyte battery, the compound constituting the non-aqueous electrolyte solution of the present invention is further generated in the non-aqueous electrolyte battery. The case where the same composition as the aqueous electrolyte is obtained is also included.
• Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery comprises a negative electrode and a positive electrode that can occlude and release ions, and the non-aqueous electrolyte of the present invention.
• the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery of the present invention is the same as the conventionally known non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery except for the negative electrode and the non-aqueous electrolyte.
• the non-aqueous electrolyte of the present invention is the same as the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
• a positive electrode and a negative electrode are laminated via an impregnated porous film (separator), and these are housed in a case (exterior body).
• the shape of the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery of the present invention is not particularly limited, and may be any of a cylindrical shape, a square shape, a laminate shape, a coin shape, a large size, and the like. ⁇ 2-2. Non-aqueous electrolyte> As the non-aqueous electrolyte, the above-described non-aqueous electrolyte of the present invention is used.
• the negative electrode has a negative electrode active material layer on a current collector, and the negative electrode active material will be described below.
• the negative electrode active material is not particularly limited as long as it can electrochemically occlude and release lithium ions. Specific examples thereof include carbonaceous materials, alloy-based materials, lithium-containing metal composite oxide materials, and the like. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. ⁇ 2-3-1.
• Carbonaceous material As a carbonaceous material used as a negative electrode active material, (1) natural graphite, (2) a carbonaceous material obtained by heat-treating an artificial carbonaceous material and an artificial graphite material at least once in the range of 400 ° C to 3200 ° C; (3) a carbonaceous material in which the negative electrode active material layer is composed of at least two types of carbonaceous materials having different crystallinity and / or has an interface in contact with the different crystalline carbonaceous materials, (4) a carbonaceous material in which the negative electrode active material layer is composed of carbonaceous materials having at least two or more different orientations and / or has an interface in contact with the carbonaceous materials having different orientations; Is preferably a good balance between initial irreversible capacity and high current density charge / discharge characteristics. Further, the carbonaceous materials (1) to (4) may be used alone or in combination of two or more in any combination and ratio.
• the artificial carbonaceous material and the artificial graphite material of (2) above include natural graphite, coal-based coke, petroleum-based coke, coal-based pitch, petroleum-based pitch, or those obtained by oxidizing these pitches, Needle coke, pitch coke and carbon materials partially graphitized thereof, furnace black, acetylene black, organic pyrolysis products such as pitch-based carbon fibers, carbonizable organic materials, and these carbides or carbonizable organic materials Examples thereof include solutions dissolved in low-molecular organic solvents such as benzene, toluene, xylene, quinoline, n-hexane, and carbides thereof.
• the d-value (interlayer distance) of the lattice plane (002 plane) obtained by X-ray diffraction by the Gakushin method of carbonaceous materials is usually 0.335 to 0.340 nm, particularly 0.335. Those having a thickness of ⁇ 0.338 nm, particularly 0.335 to 0.337 nm are preferred.
• the crystallite size (Lc) determined by X-ray diffraction by the Gakushin method is usually 1.0 nm or more, preferably 1.5 nm or more, and particularly preferably 2 nm or more.
• volume-based average particle diameter of the carbonaceous material has a volume-based average particle diameter (median diameter) determined by a laser diffraction / scattering method of usually 1 ⁇ m or more, preferably 3 ⁇ m or more, It is more preferably 5 ⁇ m or more, particularly preferably 7 ⁇ m or more, and usually 100 ⁇ m or less, preferably 50 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 40 ⁇ m or less, still more preferably 30 ⁇ m or less, and particularly preferably 25 ⁇ m or less. If the volume-based average particle size is below the above range, the irreversible capacity may increase, leading to loss of initial battery capacity. On the other hand, when the above range is exceeded, when an electrode is produced by coating, an uneven coating surface tends to be formed, which may be undesirable in the battery production process.
• the volume-based average particle size is measured by dispersing the carbon powder in a 0.2% by mass aqueous solution (about 10 mL) of polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate, which is a surfactant, and laser diffraction / scattering particle size distribution. This is carried out using a total (LA-700 manufactured by Horiba Ltd.). The median diameter determined by the measurement is defined as the volume-based average particle diameter of the carbonaceous material of the present invention.
• the rhombohedral crystal ratio defined in the present invention is expressed by the following formula based on the ratio of rhombohedral structure graphite layer (ABC stacking layer) and hexagonal structure graphite layer (AB stacking layer) by X-ray wide angle diffraction (XRD). Can be obtained.
• Rhombohedral crystal ratio (%) integrated intensity of ABC (101) peak of XRD ⁇ XRD AB (101) peak integrated intensity ⁇ 100
• the rhombohedral crystal ratio of the graphite particles of the present invention is usually 0% or more, preferably more than 0%, more preferably 3% or more, still more preferably 5% or more, particularly preferably 12% or more, Usually, it is 35% or less, preferably 27% or less, more preferably 24% or less, and particularly preferably 20% or less.
• the rhombohedral crystal ratio of 0% indicates that no XRD peak derived from the ABC stacking layer is detected.
• “greater than 0%” means that even a slight XRD peak derived from the ABC stacking layer is detected.
• the rhombohedral crystal ratio is too large, there are many defects in the crystal structure of the graphite particles, and therefore the amount of Li insertion tends to decrease and it is difficult to obtain a high capacity. In addition, since the electrolyte is decomposed during the cycle due to the defects, the cycle characteristics tend to deteriorate. On the other hand, if the rhombohedral crystal ratio is within the scope of the present invention, for example, the crystal structure of the graphite particles has few defects and low reactivity with the electrolyte, and the electrolyte is not consumed in the cycle and cycle characteristics are low. It is preferable because it is excellent.
• the XRD measurement method for determining the rhombohedral crystal ratio is as follows. A 0.2 mm sample plate is packed so that the graphite powder is not oriented, and measured with an X-ray diffraction apparatus (for example, X'Pert Pro MPD manufactured by PANalytical, using CuK ⁇ rays, output 45 kV, 40 mA). Using the obtained diffraction pattern, the peak integrated intensity is calculated by profile fitting using an asymmetric Pearson VII function using analysis software JADE 5.0, and the rhombohedral crystal ratio is obtained from the above formula.
• an X-ray diffraction apparatus for example, X'Pert Pro MPD manufactured by PANalytical, using CuK ⁇ rays, output 45 kV, 40 mA.
• the X-ray diffraction measurement conditions are as follows. “2 ⁇ ” indicates a diffraction angle.
• ⁇ Target Cu (K ⁇ ray) graphite monochromator
• ⁇ Slit Solar slit 0.04 degree divergence slit 0.5 degree side divergence mask 15mm Anti-scattering slit 1 degree
• Measurement range and step angle / measurement time (101) plane: 41 ° ⁇ 2 ⁇ ⁇ 47.5 ° 0.3 ° / 60 seconds. Background correction: A line between 42.7 and 45.5 ° is connected by a straight line and subtracted as background.
• -Peak of rhombohedral-structure graphite particle layer refers to a peak around 43.4 degrees.
• -Peak of hexagonal structure graphite particle layer It indicates a peak around 44.5 degrees.
• a method for obtaining graphite particles having a rhombohedral crystal ratio in the above range can employ a method of manufacturing using conventional techniques, and is not particularly limited, but the graphite particles are heat-treated at a temperature of 500 ° C. or higher. It is preferable to manufacture by this. It is also preferable to give the graphite particles mechanical action such as compression, friction, shearing force, etc. including the interaction of particles mainly with impact force.
• the rhombohedral crystal ratio can be adjusted by changing the strength of the mechanical action, the processing time, the presence or absence of repetition, and the like.
• a specific device for adjusting the rhombohedral crystal ratio there is a rotor with a large number of blades installed inside the casing, and the rotor rotates at a high speed, thereby impacting the carbon material introduced inside.
• An apparatus that applies a mechanical action such as compression, friction, shearing force, etc. and performs surface treatment is preferable.
• a preferable apparatus there can be mentioned a hybridization system manufactured by Nara Machinery Co., Ltd.
• a value measured by using an argon ion laser Raman spectrum method is usually 0.01 or more, preferably 0.03 or more, preferably 1 or more is more preferable, and it is usually 1.5 or less, preferably 1.2 or less, more preferably 1 or less, and particularly preferably 0.5 or less.
• the Raman R value is lower than the above range, the crystallinity of the particle surface becomes too high, and there are cases where the sites where Li enters between layers are reduced along with charge / discharge. That is, charge acceptance may be reduced.
• the negative electrode is densified by applying it to the current collector and then pressing it, the crystals are likely to be oriented in a direction parallel to the electrode plate, which may lead to a decrease in load characteristics.
• the crystallinity of the particle surface is lowered, the reactivity with the non-aqueous electrolyte is increased, and the efficiency may be lowered and the gas generation may be increased.
• the Raman half-width in the vicinity of 1580 cm ⁇ 1 of the carbonaceous material is not particularly limited, but is usually 10 cm ⁇ 1 or more, preferably 15 cm ⁇ 1 or more, and usually 100 cm ⁇ 1 or less, and 80 cm ⁇ 1 or less. 60 cm ⁇ 1 or less is more preferable, and 40 cm ⁇ 1 or less is particularly preferable. If the Raman half width is less than the above range, the crystallinity of the particle surface becomes too high, and there are cases where the number of sites where Li enters between layers decreases with charge and discharge. That is, charge acceptance may be reduced.
• the negative electrode when the negative electrode is densified by applying it to the current collector and then pressing it, the crystals are likely to be oriented in a direction parallel to the electrode plate, which may lead to a decrease in load characteristics.
• the crystallinity of the particle surface is lowered, the reactivity with the non-aqueous electrolyte is increased, and the efficiency may be lowered and the gas generation may be increased.
• the measurement of the Raman spectrum using a Raman spectrometer (manufactured by JASCO Corporation Raman spectrometer), the sample is naturally dropped into the measurement cell and filled, and while irradiating the sample surface in the cell with argon ion laser light, This is done by rotating the cell in a plane perpendicular to the laser beam.
• the Raman R value calculated by the measurement is defined as the Raman R value of the carbonaceous material in the present invention.
• the half width of the peak PA near 1580 cm ⁇ 1 of the obtained Raman spectrum is measured, and this is defined as the Raman half width of the carbonaceous material in the present invention.
• said Raman measurement conditions are as follows. Argon ion laser wavelength: 514.5nm ⁇ Laser power on the sample: 15-25mW ⁇ Resolution: 10-20cm -1 Measurement range: 1100 cm ⁇ 1 to 1730 cm ⁇ 1 ⁇ Raman R value, Raman half width analysis: Background processing ⁇ Smoothing processing: Simple average, 5 points of convolution
• the BET specific surface area of the carbonaceous material has a specific surface area value measured using the BET method of usually 0.1 m 2 ⁇ g ⁇ 1 or more and 0.7 m 2 ⁇ g ⁇ 1 or more.
• 1.0 m 2 ⁇ g ⁇ 1 or more is more preferred, 1.5 m 2 ⁇ g ⁇ 1 or more is particularly preferred, usually 100 m 2 ⁇ g ⁇ 1 or less, and 25 m 2 ⁇ g ⁇ 1 or less. It is preferably 15 m 2 ⁇ g ⁇ 1 or less, more preferably 10 m 2 ⁇ g ⁇ 1 or less.
• the value of the BET specific surface area is less than this range, the acceptability of lithium is likely to deteriorate during charging when it is used as a negative electrode material, and lithium is likely to precipitate on the electrode surface, which may reduce the stability.
• it exceeds this range when used as a negative electrode material, the reactivity with the non-aqueous electrolyte increases, gas generation tends to increase, and a preferable battery may be difficult to obtain.
• the specific surface area was measured by the BET method using a surface area meter (a fully automated surface area measuring device manufactured by Okura Riken), preliminarily drying the sample at 350 ° C. for 15 minutes under nitrogen flow, Using a nitrogen helium mixed gas accurately adjusted so that the value of the relative pressure becomes 0.3, the nitrogen adsorption BET one-point method by the gas flow method is used.
• the specific surface area determined by the measurement is defined as the BET specific surface area of the carbonaceous material in the present invention.
• Circularity (peripheral length of an equivalent circle having the same area as the particle projection shape) / (actual perimeter of the particle projection shape)”, and is theoretical when the circularity is 1. Become a true sphere.
• the degree of circularity of the particles having a carbonaceous material particle size in the range of 3 to 40 ⁇ m is desirably close to 1, and is preferably 0.1 or more, more preferably 0.5 or more, and more preferably 0.8 or more, 0.85 or more is more preferable, and 0.9 or more is particularly preferable.
• High current density charge / discharge characteristics improve as the degree of circularity increases. Therefore, when the circularity is less than the above range, the filling property of the negative electrode active material is lowered, the resistance between particles is increased, and the high current density charge / discharge characteristics may be lowered for a short time.
• the circularity is measured using a flow type particle image analyzer (FPIA manufactured by Sysmex Corporation). About 0.2 g of a sample was dispersed in a 0.2% by mass aqueous solution (about 50 mL) of polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate as a surfactant, and irradiated with 28 kHz ultrasonic waves at an output of 60 W for 1 minute.
• the detection range is specified as 0.6 to 400 ⁇ m, and the particle size is measured in the range of 3 to 40 ⁇ m.
• the circularity obtained by the measurement is defined as the circularity of the carbonaceous material in the present invention.
• the method for improving the degree of circularity is not particularly limited, but a spheroidized sphere is preferable because the shape of the interparticle void when the electrode body is formed is preferable.
• spheroidizing treatment include a method of mechanically approximating a sphere by applying a shearing force and a compressive force, a mechanical / physical processing method of granulating a plurality of fine particles by an adhesive force possessed by a binder or particles, etc. Is mentioned.
• the tap density of the carbonaceous material is usually 0.1 g ⁇ cm ⁇ 3 or more, preferably 0.5 g ⁇ cm ⁇ 3 or more, more preferably 0.7 g ⁇ cm ⁇ 3 or more, and 1 g ⁇ cm 3 or more.
• cm -3 or more it is particularly preferred, and is preferably 2 g ⁇ cm -3 or less, more preferably 1.8 g ⁇ cm -3 or less, 1.6 g ⁇ cm -3 or less are particularly preferred.
• the tap density is measured by passing through a sieve having an opening of 300 ⁇ m, dropping the sample onto a 20 cm 3 tapping cell and filling the sample to the upper end surface of the cell, and then measuring a powder density measuring device (for example, manufactured by Seishin Enterprise Co., Ltd.).
• tapping with a stroke length of 10 mm is performed 1000 times, and the tap density is calculated from the volume at that time and the mass of the sample.
• the tap density calculated by the measurement is defined as the tap density of the carbonaceous material in the present invention.
• the orientation ratio of the carbonaceous material is usually 0.005 or more, preferably 0.01 or more, more preferably 0.015 or more, and usually 0.67 or less. When the orientation ratio is below the above range, the high-density charge / discharge characteristics may deteriorate.
• the upper limit of the above range is the theoretical upper limit value of the orientation ratio of the carbonaceous material.
• the orientation ratio is measured by X-ray diffraction after pressure molding the sample.
• Set the molded body obtained by filling 0.47g of the sample into a molding machine with a diameter of 17mm and compressing it with 58.8MN ⁇ m-2 so that it is flush with the surface of the sample holder for measurement.
• X-ray diffraction is measured.
• From the (110) diffraction and (004) diffraction peak intensities of the obtained carbon a ratio represented by (110) diffraction peak intensity / (004) diffraction peak intensity is calculated.
• the orientation ratio calculated by the measurement is defined as the orientation ratio of the carbonaceous material in the present invention.
• the X-ray diffraction measurement conditions are as follows. “2 ⁇ ” indicates a diffraction angle.
• ⁇ Target Cu (K ⁇ ray) graphite monochromator
• Light receiving slit 0.15
• Scattering slit 0.5 degree / measurement range and step angle / measurement time: (110) plane: 75 degrees ⁇ 2 ⁇ ⁇ 80 degrees 1 degree / 60 seconds (004) plane: 52 degrees ⁇ 2 ⁇ ⁇ 57 degrees 1 degree / 60 seconds
• the aspect ratio of the carbonaceous material is usually 1 or more and usually 10 or less, preferably 8 or less, and more preferably 5 or less. If the aspect ratio exceeds the above range, streaking or a uniform coated surface cannot be obtained when forming an electrode plate, and the high current density charge / discharge characteristics may deteriorate.
• the lower limit of the above range is the theoretical lower limit value of the aspect ratio of the carbonaceous material.
• the aspect ratio by magnifying the carbonaceous material particles with a scanning electron microscope. Carbonaceous material when three-dimensional observation is performed by selecting arbitrary 50 graphite particles fixed to the end face of a metal having a thickness of 50 microns or less and rotating and tilting the stage on which the sample is fixed. The longest diameter A of the particles and the shortest diameter B orthogonal to the same are measured, and the average value of A / B is obtained.
• the aspect ratio (A / B) obtained by the measurement is defined as the aspect ratio of the carbonaceous material in the present invention.
• Electrode production Any known method can be used for the production of the electrode as long as the effects of the present invention are not significantly limited. For example, it is formed by adding a binder, a solvent, and, if necessary, a thickener, a conductive material, a filler, etc. to a negative electrode active material to form a slurry, which is applied to a current collector, dried and then pressed. Can do.
• the thickness of the negative electrode active material layer per side in the stage immediately before the non-aqueous electrolyte injection process of the battery is usually 15 ⁇ m or more, preferably 20 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 30 ⁇ m or more, and usually 150 ⁇ m or less. 120 ⁇ m or less is preferable, and 100 ⁇ m or less is more preferable. This is because if the thickness of the negative electrode active material exceeds this range, the non-aqueous electrolyte solution hardly penetrates to the vicinity of the current collector interface, and thus the high current density charge / discharge characteristics may be deteriorated. Further, if the ratio is below this range, the volume ratio of the current collector to the negative electrode active material increases, and the battery capacity may decrease. Further, the negative electrode active material may be roll-formed to form a sheet electrode, or may be formed into a pellet electrode by compression molding.
• the current collector for holding the negative electrode active material a known material can be arbitrarily used.
• the current collector for the negative electrode include metal materials such as copper, nickel, stainless steel, and nickel-plated steel. Copper is particularly preferable from the viewpoint of ease of processing and cost.
• the shape of the current collector may be, for example, a metal foil, a metal cylinder, a metal coil, a metal plate, a metal thin film, an expanded metal, a punch metal, a foam metal, or the like when the current collector is a metal material.
• a metal thin film is preferable, and a copper foil is more preferable, and a rolled copper foil by a rolling method and an electrolytic copper foil by an electrolytic method are more preferable, and both can be used as a current collector. Further, when the thickness of the copper foil is less than 25 ⁇ m, a copper alloy (phosphor bronze, titanium copper, Corson alloy, Cu—Cr—Zr alloy, etc.) having higher strength than pure copper can be used.
• a copper alloy phosphor bronze, titanium copper, Corson alloy, Cu—Cr—Zr alloy, etc.
• the thickness of the current collector is arbitrary, but is usually 1 ⁇ m or more, preferably 3 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 5 ⁇ m or more, and usually 1 mm or less, 100 ⁇ m or less. Is preferably 50 ⁇ m or less. If the thickness of the metal film is less than 1 ⁇ m, the strength may be reduced, making application difficult. Moreover, when it becomes thicker than 100 micrometers, the shape of electrodes, such as winding, may be changed.
• the current collector may be mesh.
• Ratio of current collector and negative electrode active material layer thickness is not particularly limited.
• the value of “material layer thickness) / (current collector thickness)” is preferably 150 or less, more preferably 20 or less, particularly preferably 10 or less, more preferably 0.1 or more, and 0.4 or more. More preferred is 1 or more.
• the ratio of the thickness of the current collector to the negative electrode active material layer exceeds the above range, the current collector may generate heat due to Joule heat during high current density charge / discharge.
• the volume ratio of the current collector to the negative electrode active material increases, and the battery capacity may decrease.
• Electrode density The electrode structure when the negative electrode active material is made into an electrode is not particularly limited, but the density of the negative electrode active material present on the current collector is preferably 1 g ⁇ cm ⁇ 3 or more. 2 g ⁇ cm ⁇ 3 or more is more preferable, 1.3 g ⁇ cm ⁇ 3 or more is particularly preferable, 2.2 g ⁇ cm ⁇ 3 or less is preferable, 2.1 g ⁇ cm ⁇ 3 or less is more preferable, and 2.0 g ⁇ cm -3 more preferably less, 1.9 g ⁇ cm -3 or less are particularly preferred.
• the density of the negative electrode active material existing on the current collector exceeds the above range, the negative electrode active material particles are destroyed, and the initial irreversible capacity increases or non-aqueous system near the current collector / negative electrode active material interface. There is a case where high current density charge / discharge characteristics are deteriorated due to a decrease in permeability of the electrolytic solution.
• the amount is less than the above range, the conductivity between the negative electrode active materials decreases, the battery resistance increases, and the capacity per unit volume may decrease.
• Binder for binding the negative electrode active material is not particularly limited as long as it is a material that is stable with respect to the non-aqueous electrolyte and the solvent used during electrode production.
• resin-based polymers such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polymethyl methacrylate, aromatic polyamide, cellulose, and nitrocellulose
• SBR styrene-butadiene rubber
• isoprene rubber butadiene rubber, fluorine rubber
• NBR Acrylonitrile / butadiene rubber
• rubbery polymers such as ethylene / propylene rubber; styrene / butadiene / styrene block copolymers or hydrogenated products thereof;
• EPDM ethylene / propylene / diene terpolymer
• styrene / ethylene / Thermoplastic elastomeric polymer such as butadiene / styrene copolymer, s
• the solvent for forming the slurry is not particularly limited as long as it is a solvent capable of dissolving or dispersing the negative electrode active material, the binder, and the thickener and conductive material used as necessary.
• a solvent capable of dissolving or dispersing the negative electrode active material, the binder, and the thickener and conductive material used as necessary Alternatively, either an aqueous solvent or an organic solvent may be used. Examples of the aqueous solvent include water, alcohol, etc.
• organic solvent examples include N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, methyl acetate, methyl acrylate, diethyltriamine, N , N-dimethylaminopropylamine, tetrahydrofuran (THF), toluene, acetone, diethyl ether, dimethylacetamide, hexamethylphosphalamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, benzene, xylene, quinoline, pyridine, methylnaphthalene, hexane, etc. .
• NMP N-methylpyrrolidone
• dimethylformamide dimethylacetamide
• methyl ethyl ketone cyclohexanone
• methyl acetate methyl acrylate
• diethyltriamine N , N-dimethylaminopropylamine
• THF te
• aqueous solvent when used, it is preferable to add a dispersant or the like in addition to the thickener and make a slurry using a latex such as SBR.
• these solvents may be used individually by 1 type, or may use 2 or more types together by arbitrary combinations and a ratio.
• the ratio of the binder to the negative electrode active material is preferably 0.1% by mass or more, more preferably 0.5% by mass or more, particularly preferably 0.6% by mass or more, and preferably 20% by mass or less, 15% by mass. The following is more preferable, 10 mass% or less is still more preferable, and 8 mass% or less is especially preferable.
• the ratio of the binder with respect to a negative electrode active material exceeds the said range, the binder ratio from which the amount of binders does not contribute to battery capacity may increase, and the fall of battery capacity may be caused. On the other hand, below the above range, the strength of the negative electrode may be reduced.
• the ratio of the binder to the negative electrode active material is usually 0.1% by mass or more, preferably 0.5% by mass or more, and 0 .6% by mass or more is more preferable, and is usually 5% by mass or less, preferably 3% by mass or less, and more preferably 2% by mass or less.
• the main component contains a fluorine-based polymer typified by polyvinylidene fluoride
• the ratio to the negative electrode active material is usually 1% by mass or more, preferably 2% by mass or more, and more preferably 3% by mass or more. Preferably, it is usually 15% by mass or less, preferably 10% by mass or less, and more preferably 8% by mass or less.
• a thickener is usually used to adjust the viscosity of the slurry.
• the thickener is not particularly limited, and specific examples include carboxymethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, hydroxymethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, oxidized starch, phosphorylated starch, casein, and salts thereof. These may be used individually by 1 type, or may use 2 or more types together by arbitrary combinations and ratios.
• the ratio of the thickener to the negative electrode active material is usually 0.1% by mass or more, preferably 0.5% by mass or more, more preferably 0.6% by mass or more, Moreover, it is 5 mass% or less normally, 3 mass% or less is preferable, and 2 mass% or less is still more preferable.
• the ratio of the thickener to the negative electrode active material is less than the above range, applicability may be significantly reduced.
• it exceeds the said range the ratio of the negative electrode active material which occupies for a negative electrode active material layer will fall, and the problem that the capacity
• metal compound material used as the negative electrode active material if lithium can be occluded / released, a single metal or alloy that forms a lithium alloy, or oxides, carbides, nitrides, silicides, sulfides thereof, Any compound such as phosphide is not particularly limited.
• metal compounds include compounds containing metals such as Ag, Al, Ba, Bi, Cu, Ga, Ge, In, Ni, P, Pb, Sb, Si, Sn, Sr, and Zn.
• a single metal or an alloy that forms a lithium alloy is preferable, and a material containing a group 13 or group 14 metal / metalloid element (that is, excluding carbon) is more preferable.
• silicon (Si ), Tin (Sn) or lead (Pb) hereinafter, these three elements may be referred to as “specific metal elements”
• silicon simple metals, alloys and compounds, and tin simple metals, alloys and compounds are particularly preferred. These may be used individually by 1 type, and may use 2 or more types together by arbitrary combinations and a ratio.
• Examples of the negative electrode active material having at least one kind of atom selected from the specific metal element include a single metal of any one specific metal element, an alloy composed of two or more specific metal elements, one type, or two or more types Alloys composed of the specified metal element and one or more other metal elements, and compounds containing one or more specified metal elements, or oxides, carbides and nitrides of the compounds -Complex compounds such as silicides, sulfides, and phosphides are listed.
• these simple metals, alloys or metal compounds as the negative electrode active material, the capacity of the battery can be increased.
• compounds in which these complex compounds are complexly bonded to several kinds of elements such as simple metals, alloys, or non-metallic elements can be given as examples. More specifically, for example, in silicon and tin, an alloy of these elements and a metal that does not operate as a negative electrode can be used. For example, in the case of tin, a complex compound containing 5 to 6 kinds of elements in combination with a metal that acts as a negative electrode other than tin and silicon, a metal that does not operate as a negative electrode, and a non-metallic element can also be used. .
• any one metal element of a specific metal element, an alloy of two or more specific metal elements, oxidation of a specific metal element In particular, silicon and tin metal alone, and alloys, oxides, carbides, nitrides, and the like are preferable from the viewpoint of capacity per unit mass and environmental load.
• the element ratio of at least one of silicon and tin to oxygen is usually 0.5 or more, preferably 0.7 or more, more preferably 0.9 or more, and usually 1.5 or less, preferably “At least one oxide of silicon and tin” of 1.3 or less, more preferably 1.1 or less.
• the element ratio of at least one of silicon and tin to nitrogen is usually 0.5 or more, preferably 0.7 or more, more preferably 0.9 or more, and usually 1.5 or less, preferably “Nitride of at least one of silicon and tin” of 1.3 or less, more preferably 1.1 or less.
• the element ratio of at least one of silicon and tin to carbon is usually 0.5 or more, preferably 0.7 or more, more preferably 0.9 or more, and usually 1.5 or less, preferably “Carbide of at least one of silicon and tin” of 1.3 or less, more preferably 1.1 or less.
• any one of the above-described negative electrode active materials may be used alone, or two or more thereof may be used in any combination and ratio.
• the negative electrode in the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery of the present invention can be manufactured using any known method.
• a manufacturing method of the negative electrode for example, a method in which a negative electrode active material added with a binder or a conductive material is roll-formed as it is to form a sheet electrode, or a compression-molded pellet electrode and The above negative electrode is usually applied to a negative electrode current collector (hereinafter also referred to as “negative electrode current collector”) by a method such as a coating method, a vapor deposition method, a sputtering method, or a plating method.
• a method of forming a thin film layer (negative electrode active material layer) containing an active material is used.
• the material of the negative electrode current collector examples include steel, copper alloy, nickel, nickel alloy, and stainless steel. Of these, copper foil is preferred from the viewpoint of easy processing into a thin film and cost.
• the thickness of the negative electrode current collector is usually 1 ⁇ m or more, preferably 5 ⁇ m or more, and is usually 100 ⁇ m or less, preferably 50 ⁇ m or less. This is because if the thickness of the negative electrode current collector is too thick, the capacity of the entire battery may be too low, and conversely if it is too thin, handling may be difficult.
• the surface of these negative electrode current collectors is preferably roughened in advance.
• Surface roughening methods include blasting, rolling with a rough surface roll, polishing cloth with a fixed abrasive particle, grinding wheel, emery buff, machine that polishes the current collector surface with a wire brush equipped with steel wire, etc. Examples thereof include a mechanical polishing method, an electrolytic polishing method, and a chemical polishing method.
• a perforated negative electrode current collector such as an expanded metal or a punching metal can be used.
• the mass can be changed to white by changing the aperture ratio.
• the negative electrode active material layer is further less likely to peel due to the rivet effect through the hole.
• the aperture ratio becomes too high, the contact area between the negative electrode active material layer and the negative electrode current collector becomes small, and thus the adhesive strength may be lowered.
• the slurry for forming the negative electrode active material layer is usually prepared by adding a binder, a thickener and the like to the negative electrode material.
• the “negative electrode material” in this specification refers to a material in which a negative electrode active material and a conductive material are combined.
• the content of the negative electrode active material in the negative electrode material is usually 70% by mass or more, particularly 75% by mass or more, and usually 97% by mass or less, particularly preferably 95% by mass or less.
• the content of the negative electrode active material is too small, the capacity of the secondary battery using the obtained negative electrode tends to be insufficient, and when the content is too large, the content of the binder or the like is relatively insufficient. This is because the strength of the negative electrode tends to be insufficient.
• the total amount of the negative electrode active materials may be set to satisfy the above range.
• the conductive material used for the negative electrode examples include metal materials such as copper and nickel; carbon materials such as graphite and carbon black. These may be used individually by 1 type and may use 2 or more types together by arbitrary combinations and a ratio. In particular, it is preferable to use a carbon material as the conductive material because the carbon material acts as an active material.
• the content of the conductive material in the negative electrode material is usually 3% by mass or more, particularly 5% by mass or more, and usually 30% by mass or less, and particularly preferably 25% by mass or less. When the content of the conductive material is too small, the conductivity tends to be insufficient. When the content is too large, the content of the negative electrode active material or the like is relatively insufficient, which tends to decrease the battery capacity and strength. . Note that when two or more conductive materials are used in combination, the total amount of the conductive materials may satisfy the above range.
• any material can be used as long as it is a material that is safe with respect to the solvent and electrolyte used in the production of the electrode.
• examples thereof include polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, polypropylene, styrene / butadiene rubber / isoprene rubber, butadiene rubber, ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer, and ethylene / methacrylic acid copolymer. These may be used individually by 1 type and may use 2 or more types together by arbitrary combinations and a ratio.
• the content of the binder is usually 0.5 parts by mass or more, particularly 1 part by mass or more, and usually 10 parts by mass or less, particularly 8 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the negative electrode material.
• the content of the binder is too small, the strength of the obtained negative electrode tends to be insufficient.
• the content of the negative electrode active material and the like is relatively insufficient, and thus the battery capacity and conductivity tend to be insufficient. It is because it becomes.
• thickener used for the negative electrode examples include carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, hydroxymethylcellulose, ethylcellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, oxidized starch, phosphorylated starch, and casein. These may be used individually by 1 type and may use 2 or more types together by arbitrary combinations and a ratio.
• the thickener may be used as necessary, but when used, the thickener content in the negative electrode active material layer is usually in the range of 0.5% by mass or more and 5% by mass or less. Is preferred.
• the slurry for forming the negative electrode active material layer is prepared by mixing the negative electrode active material with a conductive material, a binder, or a thickener as necessary, and using an aqueous solvent or an organic solvent as a dispersion medium.
• aqueous solvent water is usually used, but a solvent other than water such as alcohols such as ethanol and cyclic amides such as N-methylpyrrolidone is used in combination at a ratio of about 30% by mass or less with respect to water. You can also.
• cyclic amides such as N-methylpyrrolidone, linear amides such as N, N-dimethylformamide and N, N-dimethylacetamide, and aromatic carbonization such as anisole, toluene and xylene
• aromatic carbonization such as anisole, toluene and xylene
• examples include hydrogens, alcohols such as butanol and cyclohexanol, among which cyclic amides such as N-methylpyrrolidone and linear amides such as N, N-dimethylformamide and N, N-dimethylacetamide are preferable. . Any one of these may be used alone, or two or more may be used in any combination and ratio.
• the viscosity of the slurry is not particularly limited as long as it is a viscosity that can be applied onto the current collector. What is necessary is just to prepare suitably by changing the usage-amount of a solvent etc. at the time of preparation of a slurry so that it may become the viscosity which can be apply
• the obtained slurry is applied onto the above-described negative electrode current collector, dried, and then pressed to form a negative electrode active material layer.
• the method of application is not particularly limited, and a method known per se can be used.
• the drying method is not particularly limited, and a known method such as natural drying, heat drying, or reduced pressure drying can be used.
• the electrode structure when the negative electrode active material is made into an electrode by the above method is not particularly limited, but the density of the active material present on the current collector is preferably 1 g ⁇ cm ⁇ 3 or more, preferably 1.2 g ⁇ cm. more preferably -3 or more, particularly preferably 1.3 g ⁇ cm -3 or more, and is preferably 2.2 g ⁇ cm -3 or less, more preferably 2.1 g ⁇ cm -3 or less, 2.0 g ⁇ cm - 3 or less is more preferable, and 1.9 g ⁇ cm ⁇ 3 or less is particularly preferable.
• the density of the active material existing on the current collector exceeds the above range, the active material particles are destroyed, the initial irreversible capacity increases, and the non-aqueous electrolyte solution near the current collector / active material interface There is a case where high current density charge / discharge characteristics are deteriorated due to a decrease in permeability.
• the conductivity between the active materials may be reduced, the battery resistance may be increased, and the capacity per unit volume may be reduced.
• lithium-containing metal composite oxide material and negative electrode configuration, physical properties, and preparation method using lithium-containing metal composite oxide material>
• the lithium-containing metal composite oxide material used as the negative electrode active material is not particularly limited as long as it can occlude and release lithium, but lithium-containing composite metal oxide materials containing titanium are preferable, and lithium and titanium composite oxidation (Hereinafter abbreviated as “lithium titanium composite oxide”) is particularly preferable. That is, it is particularly preferable to use a lithium titanium composite oxide having a spinel structure in a negative electrode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery because the output resistance is greatly reduced.
• lithium or titanium of the lithium titanium composite oxide is at least selected from the group consisting of other metal elements such as Na, K, Co, Al, Fe, Ti, Mg, Cr, Ga, Cu, Zn, and Nb. Those substituted with one element are also preferred.
• the metal oxide is a lithium titanium composite oxide represented by the general formula (3). In the general formula (3), 0.7 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.5, 1.5 ⁇ y ⁇ 2.3, It is preferable that 0 ⁇ z ⁇ 1.6 because the structure upon doping and dedoping of lithium ions is stable.
• LixTiyMzO 4 (3) [In General Formula (3), M represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of Na, K, Co, Al, Fe, Ti, Mg, Cr, Ga, Cu, Zn, and Nb. ]
• M represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of Na, K, Co, Al, Fe, Ti, Mg, Cr, Ga, Cu, Zn, and Nb.
• (A) 1.2 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.4, 1.5 ⁇ y ⁇ 1.7, z 0
• B) 0.9 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.1, 1.9 ⁇ y ⁇ 2.1, z 0
• This structure is particularly preferable because of a good balance of battery performance.
• Particularly preferred representative compositions of the above compounds are Li 4/3 Ti 5/3 O 4 in (a), Li 1 Ti 2 O 4 in (b), and Li 4/5 Ti 11/5 O in (c). 4 .
• the structure of Z ⁇ 0, for example, Li 4/3 Ti 4/3 Al 1/3 O 4 is preferable.
• the lithium titanium composite oxide as the negative electrode active material in the present invention further satisfies at least one of the characteristics such as physical properties and shapes shown in the following (1) to (13). It is preferable to satisfy two or more at the same time.
• the BET specific surface area of the lithium-titanium composite oxide used as the negative electrode active material is preferably 0.5 m 2 ⁇ g ⁇ 1 or more as measured by the BET method. 7 m 2 ⁇ g ⁇ 1 or more is more preferable, 1.0 m 2 ⁇ g ⁇ 1 or more is more preferable, 1.5 m 2 ⁇ g ⁇ 1 or more is particularly preferable, and 200 m 2 ⁇ g ⁇ 1 or less is preferable, 100 m 2 ⁇ g ⁇ 1 or less is more preferred, 50 m 2 ⁇ g ⁇ 1 or less is more preferred, and 25 m 2 ⁇ g ⁇ 1 or less is particularly preferred.
• the reaction area in contact with the non-aqueous electrolyte when used as the negative electrode material may decrease, and the output resistance may increase.
• the surface of the metal oxide crystal containing titanium and the portion of the end face increase, and due to this, crystal distortion also occurs, irreversible capacity cannot be ignored, which is preferable It may be difficult to obtain a battery.
• the specific surface area was measured by the BET method using a surface area meter (a fully automated surface area measuring device manufactured by Okura Riken), preliminarily drying the sample at 350 ° C. for 15 minutes under nitrogen flow, Using a nitrogen helium mixed gas accurately adjusted so that the value of the relative pressure becomes 0.3, the nitrogen adsorption BET one-point method by the gas flow method is used.
• the specific surface area determined by the measurement is defined as the BET specific surface area of the lithium titanium composite oxide in the present invention.
• volume-based average particle diameter of lithium-titanium composite oxide (secondary particle diameter when primary particles are aggregated to form secondary particles) is determined by laser diffraction / scattering method. It is defined by the obtained volume-based average particle diameter (median diameter).
• the volume-based average particle size of the lithium titanium composite oxide is usually 0.1 ⁇ m or more, preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 0.7 ⁇ m or more, and usually 50 ⁇ m or less, preferably 40 ⁇ m or less, 30 ⁇ m. The following is more preferable, and 25 ⁇ m or less is particularly preferable.
• the volume-based average particle size is measured by dispersing a carbon powder in a 0.2% by mass aqueous solution (10 mL) of polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate, which is a surfactant, and a laser diffraction / scattering particle size distribution analyzer. (LA-700 manufactured by HORIBA, Ltd.) is used.
• the median diameter determined by the measurement is defined as the volume-based average particle diameter of the carbonaceous material in the present invention.
• the average primary particle diameter of the lithium titanium composite oxide is usually 0.01 ⁇ m or more, and 0.05 ⁇ m or more. Preferably, it is 0.1 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 0.2 ⁇ m or more, and usually 2 ⁇ m or less, preferably 1.6 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 1.3 ⁇ m or less, and particularly preferably 1 ⁇ m or less. If the volume-based average primary particle diameter exceeds the above range, it is difficult to form spherical secondary particles, which adversely affects the powder packing property and the specific surface area greatly decreases. There is a possibility that performance is likely to deteriorate. On the other hand, below the above range, there are cases where the performance of the secondary battery is lowered, for example, reversibility of charge / discharge is inferior because crystals are underdeveloped.
• the primary particle diameter is measured by observation using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Specifically, in a photograph at a magnification at which particles can be confirmed, for example, a magnification of 10,000 to 100,000 times, the longest value of the intercept by the left and right boundary lines of the primary particles with respect to a horizontal straight line is determined for any 50 primary particles. Obtained and obtained by taking an average value.
• SEM scanning electron microscope
• an electrochemical element expands and contracts as the active material in the electrode expands and contracts as it is charged and discharged. Therefore, the active material is easily damaged due to the stress or the conductive path is broken. Therefore, the primary particles are aggregated to form secondary particles rather than a single particle active material composed of only primary particles, so that the expansion and contraction stress is relieved and deterioration is prevented.
• spherical or oval spherical particles are less oriented during molding of the electrode than plate-like equiaxed particles, so there is less expansion and contraction of the electrode during charge and discharge, and an electrode is produced.
• the mixing with the conductive material is also preferable because it can be easily mixed uniformly.
• Tap density lithium-titanium composite oxide is preferably from 0.05 g ⁇ cm -3 or more, 0.1 g ⁇ cm -3 or more, and more preferably 0.2 g ⁇ cm -3 or more, 0.4 g ⁇ cm -3 or more are particularly preferred, and is preferably 2.8 g ⁇ cm -3 or less, more preferably 2.4 g ⁇ cm -3 or less, particularly preferably 2 g ⁇ cm -3 or less.
• the tap density is less than the above range, the packing density is difficult to increase when used as a negative electrode, and the contact area between particles decreases, so that the resistance between particles increases and the output resistance may increase.
• the above range is exceeded, the voids between the particles in the electrode may become too small, and the output resistance may increase due to a decrease in the flow path of the non-aqueous electrolyte solution.
• the tap density is measured by passing a sieve having a mesh opening of 300 ⁇ m, dropping the sample onto a 20 cm 3 tapping cell and filling the sample to the upper end surface of the cell, and then measuring a powder density measuring instrument (for example, manufactured by Seishin Enterprise Co., Ltd.). Using a tap denser, tapping with a stroke length of 10 mm is performed 1000 times, and the density is calculated from the volume at that time and the mass of the sample. The tap density calculated by the measurement is defined as the tap density of the lithium titanium composite oxide in the present invention.
• Circularity When the circularity is measured as the spherical degree of the lithium titanium composite oxide, it is preferably within the following range.
• the circularity of the lithium-titanium composite oxide is preferably as close to 1, and is usually 0.10 or more, preferably 0.80 or more, more preferably 0.85 or more, and particularly preferably 0.90 or more. High current density charge / discharge characteristics improve as the circularity increases. Therefore, when the circularity is less than the above range, the filling property of the negative electrode active material is lowered, the resistance between particles is increased, and the high current density charge / discharge characteristics may be lowered for a short time.
• the circularity is measured using a flow type particle image analyzer (FPIA manufactured by Sysmex Corporation). About 0.2 g of a sample was dispersed in a 0.2% by mass aqueous solution (about 50 mL) of polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate as a surfactant, and irradiated with 28 kHz ultrasonic waves at an output of 60 W for 1 minute.
• the detection range is specified as 0.6 to 400 ⁇ m, and the particle size is measured in the range of 3 to 40 ⁇ m.
• the circularity obtained by the measurement is defined as the circularity of the lithium titanium composite oxide in the present invention.
• the aspect ratio of the lithium titanium composite oxide is usually 1 or more and usually 5 or less, preferably 4 or less, more preferably 3 or less, and particularly preferably 2 or less. If the aspect ratio exceeds the above range, streaking or a uniform coated surface cannot be obtained when forming an electrode plate, and high current density charge / discharge characteristics may be deteriorated for a short time.
• the lower limit of the above range is the theoretical lower limit value of the aspect ratio of the lithium titanium composite oxide.
• the aspect ratio is measured by observing the lithium titanium composite oxide particles with a scanning electron microscope. Arbitrary 50 particles fixed on the end face of a metal having a thickness of 50 ⁇ m or less are selected, and the stage on which the sample is fixed is rotated and tilted for each, and the maximum particle size is obtained when three-dimensionally observed. The diameter A and the shortest diameter B perpendicular to it are measured, and the average value of A / B is obtained.
• the aspect ratio (A / B) determined by the measurement is defined as the aspect ratio of the lithium titanium composite oxide in the present invention.
• the method for producing lithium-titanium composite oxide is not particularly limited as long as it does not exceed the gist of the present invention.
• the method is used.
• a titanium source material such as titanium oxide
• a source material of another element and a Li source such as LiOH, Li 2 CO 3 , or LiNO 3 as necessary
• firing at a high temperature a high temperature.
• various methods are conceivable for producing a spherical or elliptical active material.
• a titanium precursor material such as titanium oxide and, if necessary, a raw material material of another element are dissolved or pulverized and dispersed in a solvent such as water, and the pH is adjusted while stirring to create a spherical precursor.
• a Li source such as LiOH, Li 2 CO 3 , or LiNO 3 and baking at a high temperature.
• a titanium raw material such as titanium oxide and, if necessary, a raw material of another element are dissolved or pulverized and dispersed in a solvent such as water.
• a method of obtaining an active material by adding a Li source such as LiOH, Li 2 CO 3 , LiNO 3 and the like to an elliptical spherical precursor and baking at a high temperature can be mentioned.
• a titanium raw material such as titanium oxide, a Li source such as LiOH, Li 2 CO 3 and LiNO 3 and a raw material of another element as necessary are dissolved or pulverized in a solvent such as water.
• elements other than Ti such as Al, Mn, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Li, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mg, Ga, Zr, C, Si, Sn , Ag may be present in the metal oxide structure containing titanium and / or in contact with the oxide containing titanium. By containing these elements, the operating voltage and capacity of the battery can be controlled.
• Electrode preparation Any known method can be used to manufacture the electrode. For example, it is formed by adding a binder, a solvent, and, if necessary, a thickener, a conductive material, a filler, etc. to a negative electrode active material to form a slurry, which is applied to a current collector, dried and then pressed. Can do.
• the thickness of the negative electrode active material layer per side in the stage immediately before the non-aqueous electrolyte injection process of the battery is usually 15 ⁇ m or more, preferably 20 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 30 ⁇ m or more, and the upper limit is 150 ⁇ m or less, preferably 120 ⁇ m. Below, more preferably 100 ⁇ m or less.
• the non-aqueous electrolyte solution hardly penetrates to the vicinity of the current collector interface, and thus the high current density charge / discharge characteristics may deteriorate.
• the volume ratio of the current collector to the negative electrode active material increases, and the battery capacity may decrease.
• the negative electrode active material may be roll-formed to form a sheet electrode, or may be formed into a pellet electrode by compression molding.
• Current collector As the current collector for holding the negative electrode active material, a known material can be arbitrarily used. Examples of the current collector for the negative electrode include metal materials such as copper, nickel, stainless steel, and nickel-plated steel. Of these, copper is particularly preferable from the viewpoint of ease of processing and cost.
• the shape of the current collector may be, for example, a metal foil, a metal cylinder, a metal coil, a metal plate, a metal thin film, an expanded metal, a punch metal, a foam metal, etc. when the current collector is a metal material.
• a metal foil film containing at least one of copper (Cu) and aluminum (Al) is preferred, copper foil and aluminum foil are more preferred, rolled copper foil obtained by a rolling method, and electrolytic method.
• electrolytic copper foils both of which can be used as current collectors.
• the thickness of the copper foil is less than 25 ⁇ m
• a copper alloy phosphor bronze, titanium copper, Corson alloy, Cu—Cr—Zr alloy, etc.
• the specific gravity of aluminum foil is light, when it is used as a current collector, the mass of the battery can be reduced and can be preferably used.
• a current collector made of a copper foil produced by a rolling method is suitable for use in a small cylindrical battery because the copper crystals are arranged in the rolling direction so that the negative electrode is hard to crack even if it is rounded sharply or rounded at an acute angle. be able to.
• Electrolytic copper foil for example, immerses a metal drum in a non-aqueous electrolyte solution in which copper ions are dissolved, and causes the copper to precipitate on the surface of the drum by flowing current while rotating it. Is obtained. Copper may be deposited on the surface of the rolled copper foil by an electrolytic method. One side or both sides of the copper foil may be subjected to a roughening treatment or a surface treatment (for example, a chromate treatment having a thickness of about several nm to 1 ⁇ m, a base treatment such as Ti). Further, the following physical properties are desired for the current collector substrate.
• the average surface roughness (Ra) of the active material thin film forming surface of the current collector substrate defined by the method described in JIS B0601-1994 is not particularly limited, but is usually 0.01 ⁇ m or more, preferably 0.03 ⁇ m or more. Further, it is usually 1.5 ⁇ m or less, preferably 1.3 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 1.0 ⁇ m or less. This is because when the average surface roughness (Ra) of the current collector substrate is within the above range, good charge / discharge cycle characteristics can be expected. In addition, the area of the interface with the active material thin film is increased, and the adhesion with the negative electrode active material thin film is improved.
• the upper limit value of the average surface roughness (Ra) is not particularly limited, but those having an average surface roughness (Ra) exceeding 1.5 ⁇ m are generally available as foils having a practical thickness as a battery. Since it is difficult, those of 1.5 ⁇ m or less are usually used.
• the tensile strength of the current collector substrate is not particularly limited, is generally 50 N ⁇ mm -2 or more, preferably 100 N ⁇ mm -2 or more, more preferably 150 N ⁇ mm -2 or more.
• the tensile strength is preferably as high as possible, but is usually preferably 1000 N ⁇ mm ⁇ 2 or less from the viewpoint of industrial availability. If the current collector substrate has a high tensile strength, cracking of the current collector substrate due to expansion / contraction of the active material thin film accompanying charging / discharging can be suppressed, and good cycle characteristics can be obtained.
• 0.2% proof stress 0.2% proof stress is the amount of load necessary to give 0.2% plastic (permanent) strain. It means that 0.2% deformation has occurred even when loaded.
• the 0.2% yield strength is measured by the same apparatus and method as the tensile strength.
• 0.2% proof stress of the current collector substrate is not particularly limited, normally 30 N ⁇ mm -2 or more, preferably 100 N ⁇ mm -2 or more, particularly preferably 150 N ⁇ mm -2 or more.
• the 0.2% proof stress is preferably as high as possible, but usually 900 N ⁇ mm ⁇ 2 or less is desirable from the viewpoint of industrial availability.
• the current collector substrate has a high 0.2% proof stress, plastic deformation of the current collector substrate due to expansion / contraction of the active material thin film accompanying charging / discharging can be suppressed, and good cycle characteristics can be obtained. This is because it can. (10-4) Thickness of current collector Although the thickness of the current collector is arbitrary, it is usually 1 ⁇ m or more, preferably 3 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 5 ⁇ m or more, and usually 1 mm or less, 100 ⁇ m or less. Is preferably 50 ⁇ m or less.
• the thickness of the metal film is less than 1 ⁇ m, the strength may be reduced, making application difficult. Moreover, when it becomes thicker than 100 micrometers, the shape of electrodes, such as winding, may be changed.
• the metal thin film may be mesh.
• (11) Thickness ratio between current collector and active material layer The thickness ratio between the current collector and active material layer is not particularly limited, but “(the active material layer on one side immediately before non-aqueous electrolyte injection)
• the value of “thickness) / (current collector thickness)” is usually 150 or less, preferably 20 or less, more preferably 10 or less, and usually 0.1 or more, preferably 0.4 or more. One or more is more preferable.
• the current collector When the ratio of the thickness of the current collector to the negative electrode active material layer exceeds the above range, the current collector may generate heat due to Joule heat during high current density charge / discharge. On the other hand, below the above range, the volume ratio of the current collector to the negative electrode active material increases, and the battery capacity may decrease.
• Electrode density The electrode structure when the negative electrode active material is made into an electrode is not particularly limited, but the density of the active material present on the current collector is preferably 1 g ⁇ cm ⁇ 3 or more, and 1.2 g More preferably ⁇ 3 ⁇ 3 or more, still more preferably 1.3 g ⁇ cm ⁇ 3 or more, particularly preferably 1.5 g ⁇ cm ⁇ 3 or more, more preferably 3 g ⁇ cm ⁇ 3 or less, and 2.5 g ⁇ cm ⁇ . 3 or less is more preferable, 2.2 g ⁇ cm ⁇ 3 or less is further preferable, and 2 g ⁇ cm ⁇ 3 or less is particularly preferable.
• Binder for binding the negative electrode active material is not particularly limited as long as it is a material that is stable with respect to the non-aqueous electrolyte and the solvent used during electrode production.
• resin polymers such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyimide, aromatic polyamide, cellulose, nitrocellulose; SBR (styrene-butadiene rubber), isoprene rubber, butadiene rubber, fluororubber, Rubber polymers such as NBR (acrylonitrile / butadiene rubber) and ethylene / propylene rubber; styrene / butadiene / styrene block copolymer and hydrogenated products thereof; EPDM (ethylene / propylene / diene terpolymer), styrene / Thermoplastic elastomeric polymers such as ethylene / butadiene / styrene copolymers, styrene / isoprene / styrene block copolymers and hydrogenated products thereof; syndiotactic-1,2-polybutadiene, poly (st
• the solvent for forming the slurry is not particularly limited as long as it is a solvent that can dissolve or disperse the negative electrode active material, binder, thickener and conductive material used as necessary.
• a solvent that can dissolve or disperse the negative electrode active material, binder, thickener and conductive material used as necessary.
• an aqueous solvent or an organic solvent may be used.
• the aqueous solvent include water, alcohol, etc.
• organic solvent examples include N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, methyl acetate, methyl acrylate, diethyltriamine, N , N-dimethylaminopropylamine, tetrahydrofuran (THF), toluene, acetone, dimethyl ether, dimethylacetamide, hexameryl phosphalamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, benzene, xylene, quinoline, pyridine, methylnaphthalene, hexane and the like.
• NMP N-methylpyrrolidone
• dimethylformamide dimethylacetamide
• methyl ethyl ketone cyclohexanone
• methyl acetate methyl acrylate
• diethyltriamine N , N-dimethylaminopropylamine
• THF tetra
• a dispersant or the like is added in addition to the above-described thickener, and a slurry is formed using a latex such as SBR.
• these may be used individually by 1 type, or may use 2 or more types together by arbitrary combinations and a ratio.
• the ratio of the binder to the negative electrode active material is usually 0.1% by mass or more, preferably 0.5% by mass or more, more preferably 0.6% by mass or more, and usually 20% by mass or less, 15% by mass. % Or less is preferable, 10 mass% or less is more preferable, and 8 mass% or less is particularly preferable.
• the ratio of the binder with respect to a negative electrode active material exceeds the said range, the binder ratio in which the amount of binders does not contribute to battery capacity may increase, and battery capacity may fall. On the other hand, if it is below the above range, the strength of the negative electrode is lowered, which may be undesirable in the battery production process.
• the ratio of the binder to the active material is usually 0.1% by mass or more, preferably 0.5% by mass or more, and 6 mass% or more is still more preferable, and it is 5 mass% or less normally, 3 mass% or less is preferable, and 2 mass% or less is still more preferable.
• the ratio to the active material is 1% by mass or more, preferably 2% by mass or more, more preferably 3% by mass or more, Usually, it is 15 mass% or less, 10 mass% or less is preferable, and 8 mass% or less is still more preferable.
• a thickener is usually used to adjust the viscosity of the slurry.
• the thickener is not particularly limited, and specific examples include carboxymethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, hydroxymethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, oxidized starch, phosphorylated starch, casein, and salts thereof. These may be used individually by 1 type, or may use 2 or more types together by arbitrary combinations and ratios.
• the ratio of the thickener to the negative electrode active material is 0.1% by mass or more, preferably 0.5% by mass or more, more preferably 0.6% by mass or more, Usually, it is 5 mass% or less, 3 mass% or less is preferable, and 2 mass% or less is still more preferable.
• the ratio of the thickener to the negative electrode active material is less than the above range, applicability may be significantly reduced.
• it exceeds the said range the ratio of the active material which occupies for a negative electrode active material layer will fall, the problem that the capacity
• the positive electrode has a positive electrode active material layer on a current collector, and the positive electrode active material will be described below.
• ⁇ 2-4-1 cathode active material> The positive electrode active material used for the positive electrode will be described below.
• (1) Composition The positive electrode active material is not particularly limited as long as it can electrochemically occlude and release lithium ions.
• a material containing lithium and at least one transition metal is preferable. Specific examples include lithium transition metal composite oxides and lithium-containing transition metal phosphate compounds.
• the transition metal of the lithium transition metal composite oxide is preferably V, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu or the like.
• Specific examples include lithium-cobalt composite oxide such as LiCoO 2 , LiMnO 2 , Examples thereof include lithium / manganese composite oxides such as LiMn 2 O 4 and Li 2 MnO 4 , lithium / nickel composite oxides such as LiNiO 2 , and the like.
• some of the transition metal atoms that are the main components of these lithium transition metal composite oxides are Al, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Li, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mg, Ga, Zr, and Si.
• lithium / cobalt / nickel composite oxides lithium / cobalt / manganese composite oxides, lithium / nickel / manganese composite oxides, lithium / nickel / Examples thereof include cobalt-manganese composite oxides.
• the transition metal (M) is at least one selected from the group consisting of V, Ti, Cr, Mg, Zn, Ca, Cd, Sr, Ba, Co, Ni, Fe, Mn, and Cu. It is preferable that it is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Co, Ni, Fe, and Mn.
• LiFePO 4 Li 3 Fe 2 (PO 4) 3, LiFeP 2 O 7 , etc.
• lithium transition metal phosphate compounds are Al, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Li, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mg, Ga, Zr, Examples include those substituted with other metals such as Nb and Si.
• lithium-manganese complex oxides such as LiMnO 2 , LiMn 2 O 4 and Li 2 MnO 4
• iron phosphates such as LiFePO 4 , Li 3 Fe 2 (PO 4 ) 3 and LiFeP 2 O 7
• metal elution is not likely to occur at high temperature and in a charged state and is inexpensive.
• the above-mentioned “with LixMPO 4 as a basic composition” includes not only the composition represented by the composition formula, but also those obtained by substituting part of sites such as Fe in the crystal structure with other elements. Means that. Furthermore, it means that not only a stoichiometric composition but also a non-stoichiometric composition in which some elements are deficient or the like is included. Other elements to be substituted are preferably elements such as Al, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Li, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mg, Ga, Zr, and Si.
• the content is preferably 0.1 mol% or more and 5 mol% or less, more preferably 0.2 mol% or more and 2.5 mol% or less.
• the said positive electrode active material may be used independently and may use 2 or more types together.
• the surface of the positive electrode active material may be a material having a composition different from the material constituting the main positive electrode active material (hereinafter referred to as “surface adhering material” as appropriate).
• surface adhering substances include aluminum oxide, silicon oxide, titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, boron oxide, antimony oxide, bismuth oxide, lithium sulfate, sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, Examples thereof include sulfates such as calcium sulfate and aluminum sulfate, and carbonates such as lithium carbonate, calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate.
• These surface adhering substances are, for example, a method in which they are dissolved or suspended in a solvent and impregnated and added to the positive electrode active material and then dried, or a surface adhering substance precursor is dissolved or suspended in a solvent and impregnated and added to the positive electrode active material. Then, it can be made to adhere to the surface of the positive electrode active material by a method of reacting by heating or the like, a method of adding to the positive electrode active material precursor and firing simultaneously.
• the mass of the surface adhering material adhering to the surface of the positive electrode active material is usually 0.1 ppm or more, preferably 1 ppm or more, more preferably 10 ppm or more, and usually 20% with respect to the mass of the positive electrode active material. Or less, preferably 10% or less, more preferably 5% or less.
• the surface adhering substance can suppress the oxidation reaction of the non-aqueous electrolyte on the surface of the positive electrode active material, and can improve the battery life. However, when the adhesion amount is less than the above range, the effect is not sufficiently exhibited. When the adhesion amount is more than the above range, the resistance may increase in order to inhibit the entry / exit of lithium ions, so the above range is preferable.
• (3) Shape As the shape of the positive electrode active material particles, a lump shape, a polyhedron shape, a sphere shape, an oval sphere shape, a plate shape, a needle shape, a column shape, etc., which are conventionally used, are used. It is preferable to form secondary particles, and the shape of the secondary particles is spherical or elliptical.
• an electrochemical element expands and contracts as the active material in the electrode expands and contracts as it is charged and discharged. Therefore, the active material is easily damaged due to the stress or the conductive path is broken. Therefore, the primary particles are aggregated to form secondary particles rather than a single particle active material having only primary particles, so that the stress of expansion and contraction is relieved and deterioration is prevented.
• spherical or oval spherical particles are less oriented at the time of forming the electrode than the plate-like equiaxially oriented particles, so there is less expansion and contraction of the electrode during charge and discharge, and when creating the electrode Also in the mixing with the conductive material, it is preferable because it is easily mixed uniformly.
• the tap density of the positive electrode active material is usually 0.4 g ⁇ cm ⁇ 3 or more, preferably 0.6 g ⁇ cm ⁇ 3 or more, more preferably 0.8 g ⁇ cm ⁇ 3 or more. 0 g ⁇ cm -3 or more are particularly preferred, and generally not more than 4.0g ⁇ cm -3, 3.8g ⁇ cm -3 or less.
• a metal composite oxide powder having a high tap density a high-density positive electrode active material layer can be formed. Therefore, when the tap density of the positive electrode active material is lower than the above range, the amount of the dispersion medium necessary for forming the positive electrode active material layer increases, and the necessary amount of the conductive material and the binder increases.
• the filling rate of the positive electrode active material is limited, and the battery capacity may be limited.
• the tap density is preferably as large as possible, but there is no particular upper limit. However, if the tap density is below the above range, diffusion of lithium ions in the positive electrode active material layer using the nonaqueous electrolyte solution as a medium becomes rate-determining, and load characteristics are likely to deteriorate. There is a case.
• the tap density is measured by passing a sieve having a mesh size of 300 ⁇ m, dropping the sample onto a 20 cm 3 tapping cell to fill the cell volume, and then using a powder density measuring instrument (eg, tap denser manufactured by Seishin Enterprise Co., Ltd.). Then, tapping with a stroke length of 10 mm is performed 1000 times, and the density is calculated from the volume at that time and the mass of the sample.
• the tap density calculated by the measurement is defined as the tap density of the positive electrode active material in the present invention.
• the median diameter d50 (secondary particle diameter when primary particles are aggregated to form secondary particles) of the positive electrode active material particles should also be measured using a laser diffraction / scattering particle size distribution analyzer. Can do.
• the median diameter d50 is usually 0.1 ⁇ m or more, preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 1 ⁇ m or more, particularly preferably 3 ⁇ m or more, and usually 20 ⁇ m or less, preferably 18 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 16 ⁇ m or less. 15 ⁇ m or less is particularly preferable. If the median diameter d50 is below the above range, a high bulk density product may not be obtained.
• the median diameter d50 is above the above range, it takes time to diffuse lithium in the particles. That is, when an active material, a conductive material, a binder, or the like is slurried with a solvent and applied in a thin film shape, streaks may occur.
• the filling property at the time of positive electrode preparation can be further improved by mixing two or more types of positive electrode active materials having different median diameters d50 at an arbitrary ratio.
• the median diameter d50 was measured using a 0.1% by weight sodium hexametaphosphate aqueous solution as a dispersion medium, and using LA-920 manufactured by Horiba, Ltd. as a particle size distribution meter, the refractive index was adjusted to 1.24 after ultrasonic dispersion for 5 minutes. Set and measure.
• the average primary particle diameter of the positive electrode active material is usually 0.03 ⁇ m or more, preferably 0.05 ⁇ m or more, and The thickness is more preferably 08 ⁇ m or more, particularly preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or more, and is usually 5 ⁇ m or less, preferably 4 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 3 ⁇ m or less, and particularly preferably 2 ⁇ m or less. If the above range is exceeded, it may be difficult to form spherical secondary particles, which may adversely affect the powder filling property, or the specific surface area will be greatly reduced, which may increase the possibility that the battery performance such as output characteristics will deteriorate. is there. On the other hand, below the above range, the performance of the secondary battery may be lowered, for example, the reversibility of charge / discharge is inferior because the crystals are not developed.
• the average primary particle diameter is measured by observation using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Specifically, in a photograph at a magnification of 10000 times, the longest value of the intercept by the left and right boundary lines of the primary particles with respect to the horizontal straight line is obtained for any 50 primary particles and obtained by taking the average value. It is done.
• SEM scanning electron microscope
• the value of the specific surface area measured using the BET method is usually 0.1 m 2 ⁇ g ⁇ 1 or more, and 0.2 m 2 ⁇ g ⁇ 1 or more. by weight, more preferably 0.3 m 2 ⁇ g -1 or higher, and is generally 50 m 2 ⁇ g -1 or less, preferably 40 m 2 ⁇ g -1 or less, more preferably 30 m 2 ⁇ g -1 or less.
• the value of the BET specific surface area is below the above range, the battery performance tends to be lowered. Moreover, when it exceeds the said range, a tap density becomes difficult to raise and the applicability
• the BET specific surface area is measured using a surface area meter (a fully automatic surface area measuring apparatus manufactured by Okura Riken).
• the sample was preliminarily dried at 150 ° C. for 30 minutes under a nitrogen flow, and then a nitrogen helium mixed gas that was accurately adjusted so that the relative pressure of nitrogen with respect to atmospheric pressure was 0.3 was used. It is measured by the nitrogen adsorption BET one-point method by the flow method.
• the specific surface area determined by the measurement is defined as the BET specific surface area of the anode active material in the present invention.
• the method for producing the positive electrode active material is not particularly limited as long as it does not exceed the gist of the present invention, but there are several methods, which are common as methods for producing inorganic compounds. The method is used. In particular, various methods are conceivable for producing a spherical or elliptical active material. For example, transition metal source materials such as transition metal nitrates and sulfates, and other element source materials as required.
• transition metal raw materials such as transition metal nitrates, sulfates, hydroxides, oxides and the like, and if necessary, raw materials of other elements are dissolved or pulverized and dispersed in a solvent such as water. Then, it is dry-molded with a spray dryer or the like to obtain a spherical or oval spherical precursor, and a Li source such as LiOH, Li 2 CO 3 , LiNO 3 is added to the precursor and calcined at a high temperature to obtain an active material Is mentioned.
• a Li source such as LiOH, Li 2 CO 3 , LiNO 3
• transition metal source materials such as transition metal nitrates, sulfates, hydroxides, oxides, Li sources such as LiOH, Li 2 CO 3 , LiNO 3 , and other elements as necessary.
• the raw material is dissolved or pulverized and dispersed in a solvent such as water, and is then dried by a spray dryer or the like to form a spherical or elliptical precursor, which is fired at a high temperature to obtain an active material.
• a solvent such as water
• the positive electrode is produced by forming a positive electrode active material layer containing positive electrode active material particles and a binder on a current collector.
• the production of the positive electrode using the positive electrode active material can be produced by any known method.
• a positive electrode active material and a binder, and if necessary, a conductive material and a thickener mixed in a dry form are pressure-bonded to a positive electrode current collector, or these materials are liquid media
• a positive electrode can be obtained by forming a positive electrode active material layer on the current collector by applying it to a positive electrode current collector and drying it as a slurry by dissolving or dispersing in a slurry.
• the content of the positive electrode active material in the positive electrode active material layer is preferably 80% by mass or more, more preferably 82% by mass or more, and particularly preferably 84% by mass or more. Moreover, an upper limit becomes like this. Preferably it is 99 mass% or less, More preferably, it is 98 mass% or less. If the content of the positive electrode active material in the positive electrode active material layer is low, the electric capacity may be insufficient. Conversely, if the content is too high, the strength of the positive electrode may be insufficient.
• the positive electrode active material powder in this invention may be used individually by 1 type, and may use together 2 or more types of a different composition or different powder physical properties by arbitrary combinations and ratios.
• Conductive material A known conductive material can be arbitrarily used as the conductive material. Specific examples include metal materials such as copper and nickel; graphite such as natural graphite and artificial graphite (graphite); carbon black such as acetylene black; and carbonaceous materials such as amorphous carbon such as needle coke. In addition, these may be used individually by 1 type and may use 2 or more types together by arbitrary combinations and a ratio.
• the conductive material is usually 0.01% by mass or more, preferably 0.1% by mass or more, more preferably 1% by mass or more, and usually 50% by mass or less, preferably 30% by mass or less in the positive electrode active material layer. More preferably, it is used so as to contain 15% by mass or less. If the content is lower than the above range, the conductivity may be insufficient. Moreover, when it exceeds the said range, battery capacity may fall.
• Binder used for the production of the positive electrode active material layer is not particularly limited as long as it is a material that is stable to the non-aqueous electrolyte solution and the solvent used during electrode production.
• any material can be used as long as it is dissolved or dispersed in the liquid medium used in manufacturing the electrode.
• Specific examples include polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polymethyl methacrylate, aromatic polyamide, cellulose, nitro Resin polymers such as cellulose; rubbery polymers such as SBR (styrene butadiene rubber), NBR (acrylonitrile butadiene rubber), fluorine rubber, isoprene rubber, butadiene rubber, ethylene propylene rubber; styrene butadiene styrene block Copolymer or its hydrogenated product, EPDM (ethylene / propylene / diene terpolymer), styrene / ethylene / butadiene / ethylene copolymer, styrene / isoprene / styrene block copolymer or its hydrogenated product, etc.
• SBR styrene butadiene rubber
• Thermoplasticity Rustomer-like polymer soft resin-like polymer such as syndiotactic-1,2-polybutadiene, polyvinyl acetate, ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer, propylene / ⁇ -olefin copolymer; polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF),
• PVdF polyvinylidene fluoride
• fluorine-based polymers such as polytetrafluoroethylene, fluorinated polyvinylidene fluoride, and polytetrafluoroethylene / ethylene copolymers
• these substances may be used individually by 1 type, and may use 2 or more types together by arbitrary combinations and a ratio.
• the ratio of the binder in the positive electrode active material layer is usually 0.1% by mass or more, preferably 1% by mass or more, more preferably 3% by mass or more, and usually 50% by mass or less, 30% by mass. % Or less is preferable, 10 mass% or less is more preferable, and 8 mass% or less is particularly preferable.
• the ratio of the binder is below the above range, the positive electrode active material cannot be sufficiently retained, the positive electrode has insufficient mechanical strength, and battery performance such as cycle characteristics may be deteriorated. Moreover, when it exceeds the said range, it may lead to a battery capacity or electroconductivity fall.
• the liquid medium for forming the slurry may be a solvent capable of dissolving or dispersing the positive electrode active material, the conductive material, the binder, and the thickener used as necessary.
• the type is not particularly limited, and either an aqueous solvent or an organic solvent may be used.
• the aqueous medium include water, a mixed medium of alcohol and water, and the like.
• organic media examples include aliphatic hydrocarbons such as hexane; aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene, and methylnaphthalene; heterocyclic compounds such as quinoline and pyridine; ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, and cyclohexanone.
• Esters such as methyl acetate and methyl acrylate; amines such as diethylenetriamine and N, N-dimethylaminopropylamine; ethers such as diethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran (THF); N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) and dimethylformamide And amides such as dimethylacetamide; aprotic polar solvents such as hexamethylphosphalamide and dimethyl sulfoxide. In addition, these may be used individually by 1 type and may use 2 or more types together by arbitrary combinations and a ratio.
• Thickener When using an aqueous medium as a liquid medium for forming a slurry, it is preferable to make a slurry using a thickener and a latex such as styrene butadiene rubber (SBR).
• a thickener is usually used to adjust the viscosity of the slurry.
• the thickener is not limited as long as the effect of the present invention is not significantly limited. Specifically, carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, hydroxymethylcellulose, ethylcellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, oxidized starch, phosphorylated starch, casein and salts thereof Etc. These may be used individually by 1 type, or may use 2 or more types together by arbitrary combinations and ratios.
• the ratio of the thickener to the active material is usually 0.1% by mass or more, preferably 0.5% by mass or more, more preferably 0.6% by mass or more, Usually, it is 5% by mass or less, preferably 3% by mass or less, more preferably 2% by mass or less. If it falls below the above range, applicability may be remarkably reduced, and if it exceeds the above range, the ratio of the active material in the positive electrode active material layer is lowered, the battery capacity is reduced, and the resistance between the positive electrode active materials. May increase.
• the positive electrode active material layer obtained by coating and drying is preferably consolidated by a hand press, a roller press or the like in order to increase the packing density of the positive electrode active material.
• the density of the positive electrode active material layer is preferably 1 g ⁇ cm ⁇ 3 or more, more preferably 1.5 g ⁇ cm ⁇ 3 or more, particularly preferably 2 g ⁇ cm ⁇ 3 or more, and preferably 4 g ⁇ cm ⁇ 3 or less. 3.5 g ⁇ cm ⁇ 3 or less is more preferable, and 3 g ⁇ cm ⁇ 3 or less is particularly preferable.
• the density of the positive electrode active material layer exceeds the above range, the permeability of the non-aqueous electrolyte solution to the vicinity of the current collector / active material interface may decrease, and the charge / discharge characteristics at a high current density may decrease. Moreover, when less than the said range, the electroconductivity between active materials may fall and battery resistance may increase.
• the material of the positive electrode current collector is not particularly limited, and any known material can be used. Specific examples include metal materials such as aluminum, stainless steel, nickel plating, titanium, and tantalum; and carbonaceous materials such as carbon cloth and carbon paper. Of these, metal materials, particularly aluminum, are preferred.
• the shape of the current collector examples include metal foil, metal cylinder, metal coil, metal plate, metal thin film, expanded metal, punch metal, foam metal, etc.
• a carbon thin film, a carbon cylinder, etc. are mentioned. Of these, metal thin films are preferred.
• the thickness of the current collector is arbitrary, but is usually 1 ⁇ m or more, preferably 3 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 5 ⁇ m or more, and usually 1 mm or less, preferably 100 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 50 ⁇ m or less. If the thin film is thinner than the above range, the strength required for the current collector may be insufficient. Moreover, when a thin film is thicker than the said range, a handleability may be impaired.
• the ratio of the thickness of the current collector to the positive electrode active material layer is not particularly limited, but the value of (thickness of the positive electrode active material layer on one side immediately before electrolyte injection) / (thickness of the current collector) is 20
• the lower limit is preferably 15 or less, most preferably 10 or less, and the lower limit is preferably 0.5 or more, more preferably 0.8 or more, and most preferably 1 or more. Above this range, the current collector may generate heat due to Joule heat during high current density charge / discharge. Below this range, the volume ratio of the current collector to the positive electrode active material increases and the battery capacity may decrease.
• a separator is interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode in order to prevent a short circuit.
• the nonaqueous electrolytic solution of the present invention is usually used by impregnating the separator.
• a resin, glass fiber, inorganic material, etc. formed of a material that is stable with respect to the non-aqueous electrolyte solution of the present invention is used, and a porous sheet or a nonwoven fabric-like material having excellent liquid retention properties is used. Is preferred.
• polyolefins such as polyethylene and polypropylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethersulfone, glass filters and the like can be used. Of these, glass filters and polyolefins are preferred, and polyolefins are more preferred. These materials may be used individually by 1 type, and may use 2 or more types together by arbitrary combinations and a ratio.
• the thickness of the separator is arbitrary, but is usually 1 ⁇ m or more, preferably 5 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 10 ⁇ m or more, and usually 50 ⁇ m or less, preferably 40 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 30 ⁇ m or less. If the separator is too thin than the above range, the insulating properties and mechanical strength may decrease. On the other hand, if it is thicker than the above range, not only the battery performance such as the rate characteristic may be lowered, but also the energy density of the whole non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery may be lowered.
• the porosity of the separator is arbitrary, but is usually 20% or more, preferably 35% or more, more preferably 45% or more, Moreover, it is 90% or less normally, 85% or less is preferable and 75% or less is still more preferable. If the porosity is too smaller than the above range, the membrane resistance tends to increase and the rate characteristics tend to deteriorate. Moreover, when larger than the said range, it exists in the tendency for the mechanical strength of a separator to fall and for insulation to fall.
• the average pore diameter of a separator is also arbitrary, it is 0.5 micrometer or less normally, 0.2 micrometer or less is preferable, and it is 0.05 micrometer or more normally. If the average pore diameter exceeds the above range, a short circuit tends to occur. On the other hand, below the above range, the film resistance may increase and the rate characteristics may deteriorate.
• the inorganic material for example, oxides such as alumina and silicon dioxide, nitrides such as aluminum nitride and silicon nitride, and sulfates such as barium sulfate and calcium sulfate are used. Things are used.
• a thin film shape such as a nonwoven fabric, a woven fabric, or a microporous film is used.
• the thin film shape those having a pore diameter of 0.01 to 1 ⁇ m and a thickness of 5 to 50 ⁇ m are preferably used.
• a separator formed by forming a composite porous layer containing inorganic particles on at least one surface layer of a positive electrode and a negative electrode using a resin binder can be used.
• a porous layer may be formed by using alumina particles having a 90% particle size of less than 1 ⁇ m on both surfaces of the positive electrode and using a fluororesin as a binder.
• the electrode group has a laminated structure in which the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate are interposed via the separator, and a structure in which the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate are wound in a spiral shape via the separator. Either may be used.
• the ratio of the volume of the electrode group to the internal volume of the battery (hereinafter referred to as the electrode group occupation ratio) is usually 40% or more, preferably 50% or more, and usually 90% or less, preferably 80% or less. . When the electrode group occupancy is below the above range, the battery capacity decreases.
• the void space is small, the battery expands, and the member expands or the vapor pressure of the electrolyte liquid component increases and the internal pressure rises.
• a gas release valve that lowers various characteristics such as storage at high temperature and the like, or releases the internal pressure to the outside is activated.
• the current collecting structure is not particularly limited, but in order to more effectively realize the improvement of the discharge characteristics by the non-aqueous electrolyte solution of the present invention, it is necessary to make the structure to reduce the resistance of the wiring part and the joint part. preferable. Thus, when internal resistance is reduced, the effect of using the non-aqueous electrolyte solution of this invention is exhibited especially favorable.
• the electrode group has the above-described laminated structure
• a structure formed by bundling the metal core portions of the electrode layers and welding them to the terminals is preferably used.
• the area of one electrode increases, the internal resistance increases. Therefore, it is also preferable to reduce the resistance by providing a plurality of terminals in the electrode.
• the electrode group has the winding structure described above, the internal resistance can be lowered by providing a plurality of lead structures for the positive electrode and the negative electrode, respectively, and bundling the terminals.
• the material of the outer case is not particularly limited as long as it is a substance that is stable with respect to the non-aqueous electrolyte used. Specifically, a nickel-plated steel plate, stainless steel, aluminum, an aluminum alloy, a metal such as a magnesium alloy, or a laminated film (laminate film) of a resin and an aluminum foil is used. From the viewpoint of weight reduction, an aluminum or aluminum alloy metal or a laminate film is preferably used.
• a laser-sealed, resistance-welded, ultrasonic welding is used to weld the metals together to form a sealed sealed structure, or a caulking structure using the above-mentioned metals via a resin gasket To do.
• the outer case using the laminate film include those having a sealed and sealed structure by heat-sealing resin layers.
• a resin different from the resin used for the laminate film may be interposed between the resin layers.
• a resin layer is heat-sealed through a current collecting terminal to form a sealed structure, a metal and a resin are joined, so that a resin having a polar group or a modified group having a polar group introduced as an intervening resin is used.
• Resins are preferably used.
• PTC Positive Temperature Coefficient
• temperature fuse a thermoelectric thermistor
• a valve current cutoff valve
• the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery of the present invention is usually configured by housing the non-aqueous electrolyte, the negative electrode, the positive electrode, the separator, and the like in an exterior body.
• an exterior body There is no restriction
• the material of the exterior body is arbitrary, but usually, for example, nickel-plated iron, stainless steel, aluminum or an alloy thereof, nickel, titanium, or the like is used.
• the shape of the exterior body is also arbitrary, and may be any of, for example, a cylindrical shape, a square shape, a laminate shape, a coin shape, and a large size.
• Example 1-1 ⁇ Examples 1-1 to 1-5, Comparative Example 1-1>
• ion chromatography measurement and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrum measurement were used.
• gas chromatography was used for analysis of the amount of carboxylic acid in the components to be distilled out when removing the carboxylic acid.
• the ion chromatography was performed using Dionex ICS-3000 as a column according to the conventionally known analysis conditions for inorganic anions recommended by the manufacturer. Pure water was used as a dilution solvent for the measurement sample. NMR was measured using dimethyl sulfoxide-d6 as a measurement solvent and benzodrifluoride as an internal standard, and the ratio of the fluorosulfonic acid ion content to the solvent was determined from the signal and the integrated value.
• GC-17A manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation having an FID detector was used, and TC-1 manufactured by GL Science Co., Ltd. (diameter 0.53 ⁇ m, film thickness 0.2 ⁇ m, total length 50 m) was used for each column. The detection area ratio of each reagent was compared with that of the reagent.
• Example 1-1 Under a dry nitrogen stream, 6.8 g (103.1 mmol) of lithium acetate was weighed into a 200 ml PFA four-necked flask and 125 ml of dimethyl carbonate was added. While this solution was stirred in an ice bath, 5 ml (8.6 g, 86.2 mmol) of fluorosulfonic acid was added dropwise over about 10 minutes. The liquid temperature, which was 10 ° C. before the dropwise addition, generated heat due to the dropwise addition of the acid and was raised to 20 ° C., but quickly returned to the original temperature after the completion of the dropwise addition. Along with the dropwise addition, lithium acetate, which is hardly soluble in dimethyl carbonate, was dissolved.
• Step of removing the nonaqueous solvent used in the reaction step Dimethyl carbonate was distilled off from the reaction solution at about 10 kPa and 40 ° C. until distillation was completed to obtain a transparent and viscous liquid.
• the powder obtained from the NMR analysis result was a mixture of lithium fluorosulfonate, acetic acid and dimethyl carbonate. From the result of ion chromatography, the sulfate ion content was 0.3 mol / kg.
• Example 1-2 Under a dry nitrogen stream, 7.9 g (120.1 mmol) of lithium acetate was weighed into a 500 ml PFA four-necked flask and 250 ml of dimethyl carbonate was added. While the solution was stirred in a water bath, 5.43 ml (10.0 g, 100 mmol) of fluorosulfonic acid was added dropwise over about 10 minutes. The liquid temperature, which was 25 ° C. before the dropping, was exothermed by the acid dropping and was raised to 30 ° C., but quickly returned to the original temperature after the dropping was completed. Along with the dropwise addition, lithium acetate, which is hardly soluble in dimethyl carbonate, was dissolved. Stir in a water bath for 1 hour.
• ⁇ Step of removing the nonaqueous solvent used in the reaction step About 220 ml of dimethyl carbonate was distilled off while controlling the pressure reduction degree at a bath temperature of 45 ° C., and the pressure was restored to atmospheric pressure with a dehydrated inert gas, and then 300 ml of diethyl carbonate was added. Excess lithium acetate was filtered off from this solution using a membrane filter (PTFE, nominal pore size 0.5 ⁇ m).
• ⁇ Step of removing carboxylic acid> The above solution was mixed with a Helipack No. The remaining dimethyl carbonate and diethyl carbonate were distilled off using a 10 cm rectification column packed with 2 at a bath temperature of 45 ° C.
• the obtained solid was dissolved in 50 ml of DMC at 45 ° C., and the same process was carried out. As a result, a white crystal having a recovery rate of 90% and a sulfate ion / acetate ion of 0.001 mol / kg or less was obtained. It was.
• Example 1-2 When carried out in the same manner as in Example 1-2, white crystals were obtained with a yield of 65%.
• the sulfate ion content was 0.01 mol / kg or less, and the acetate ion content was 0.001 mol / kg or less, which was the same as in Example 1-2.
• the obtained solid was dissolved in 50 ml of DMC at 45 ° C., and the same process was carried out.
• a white crystal having a recovery rate of 90% and a sulfate ion / acetate ion of 0.001 mol / kg or less was obtained. It was. This was also the same as Example 1-2.
• Example 1-4 ⁇ Reaction step> was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1-2, and when dimethyl carbonate was distilled off to about 40 ml under the same conditions as in ⁇ Step of removing nonaqueous solvent used in reaction step> However, when it was cooled in the same manner as in ⁇ Purification step>, no crystals were observed. However, when the pressure was reduced to about 0.2 kPa or less and the remaining dimethyl carbonate was distilled off, a white waxy solid could be obtained. The amount of acetate ion relative to lithium fluorosulfonate in this solid was 0.063 mol / kg.
• Example 1-5 After carrying out the ⁇ reaction step> in the same manner as in Example 1-3, 200 ml of diethyl carbonate was distilled off at once while maintaining 5 Torr or less on a rotary evaporator, and excess lithium acetate was filtered off in the same manner as in Example 1-3. Thereafter, the mixture was further concentrated to about 10 ml at a time while maintaining 5 Torr or less with a rotary evaporator.
• the ⁇ Purification Step> step was performed as in Example 1-3, a white powder was obtained in a yield of 50%.
• the acetate ion content was as high as 0.11 mol / kg, but the sulfate ion content could be suppressed to 0.01 mol / kg or less. Further, the obtained solid was dissolved in 50 ml of DMC at 45 ° C., and the same process was performed. As a result, white crystals were obtained with a recovery rate of 90%, and acetate ions did not decrease so much. Can be further reduced to 0.001 mol / kg or less.
• Examples 2-1 to 2-3, Comparative Examples 2-1 to 2-4> For the analysis, ion ion chromatography measurement and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrum measurement were used.
• the ion ion chromatography was performed by a known inorganic anion analysis method using ICS-3000 manufactured by Dionex as a column. Pure water was used as a dilution solvent for the measurement sample.
• NMR was measured using dimethyl sulfoxide-d6 as a measurement solvent and benzodrifluoride as an internal standard, and the ratio of the fluorosulfonic acid ion content to the solvent was determined from the signal and the integrated value.
• Example 2-1 Under a dry nitrogen stream, 4.4 g (103.5 mmol) of lithium chloride was weighed into a 200 ml PFA four-necked flask and 125 ml of dimethyl carbonate was added. While this solution was stirred in an ice bath, 5 ml (8.63 g, 86.24 mmol) of fluorosulfonic acid was added dropwise over about 10 minutes. The liquid temperature, which was 10 ° C. before the dropwise addition, generated heat due to the dropwise addition of the acid and was raised to 20 ° C., but quickly returned to the original temperature after the completion of the dropwise addition. Along with the dropwise addition, lithium chloride, which is hardly soluble in dimethyl carbonate, was dissolved.
• ⁇ Recrystallization 1> The obtained crude product was dried in an inert gas atmosphere, dispersed in 50 ml of dimethyl carbonate, and dissolved by heating and stirring at 60 ° C. for 30 minutes. A small amount of undissolved powder was separated by filtration using a membrane filter (PTFE, nominal pore size 0.5 ⁇ m). The obtained filtrate was allowed to cool to room temperature and then allowed to stand at 5 ° C. for 10 hours. Colorless crystals were obtained.
• PTFE membrane filter
• the powder obtained from the NMR analysis result is a complex of lithium fluorosulfonate and dimethyl carbonate in a molar ratio of 1: 1. From the result of ion chromatography, sulfate ion 0.12 mol / kg, chloride ion 0.11 mol / kg. was included. The yield of lithium fluorosulfonate is 4.9 g. The recrystallization yield was 72% and the overall yield was 54%.
• Example 2-2 The steps up to the ⁇ concentration> step were carried out in the same manner as described in Example 2-1.
• ⁇ Recrystallization 1> The obtained crude product was dried in an inert gas atmosphere, dispersed in 50 ml of dimethyl carbonate, 140 ⁇ L (1.2 mol times the amount of chloride ion) pure water was added, and then heated at 60 ° C. for 30 minutes. It was dissolved by stirring. A small amount of powder that remained undissolved was filtered off using a membrane filter (PTFE, nominal pore size 0.5 ⁇ m). The obtained filtrate was allowed to cool to room temperature and then allowed to stand at 5 ° C. for 10 hours. Colorless crystals were obtained.
• PTFE membrane filter
• the powder obtained from the NMR analysis result was a complex of lithium fluorosulfonate and dimethyl carbonate in a molar ratio of 1: 1 as in Example 2-1, and from the result of ion chromatography, 0.083 mol / kg of sulfate ions, Contained 0.0011 mol / kg of chloride ions.
• ⁇ Recrystallization 2> This lithium fluorosulfonate was recrystallized again by the same method as Example 2-1 without adding pure water. As a result, fluorosulfonic acid containing 0.062 mol / kg of sulfate ions and 0.00056 mol / kg of chloride ions was obtained. A yield of 2.58 g of lithium was obtained. The yield throughout the operation was 29.8%.
• Example 2-3> The ⁇ reaction> operation was carried out in the same manner as in Example 2-1, except that 50 ml of acetonitrile was used instead of 125 ml of dimethyl carbonate as the solvent for ⁇ reaction>, and the reaction was proceeding in a similar yield. It was confirmed. Further, the same operation as in Example 2-1 was carried out except that all the solvent was distilled off during ⁇ concentration>. After recrystallization, 1.52 g of lithium fluorosulfonate containing 0.62 mol / kg of sulfate ions and 0.056 mol / kg of chloride ions was obtained as a solid.
• Example 2-2 As in Example 2-1, except that water was used as a solvent and 4.4 g (104.8 mmol) of lithium hydroxide monohydrate was used instead of lithium chloride, and the acid-base neutralization reaction was performed, Reaction> Operation was performed. When the obtained concentration was concentrated in the same manner as in the ⁇ Concentration> operation in Example 2-1, no solid precipitated. As a result of ion chromatography analysis, it was confirmed that the entire amount of fluorosulfonic acid was hydrolyzed to sulfuric acid.
• the positive electrode, the negative electrode, and the polyethylene separator were laminated in the order of the negative electrode, the separator, and the positive electrode to prepare a battery element.
• This battery element was inserted into a bag made of a laminate film in which both surfaces of aluminum (thickness: 40 ⁇ m) were coated with a resin layer while projecting positive and negative terminals, and an electrolyte mixed with the compounds shown in the table was then added.
• Each was poured into a bag and vacuum-sealed to produce a sheet-like battery, which was used for each of Example 3-1 and Comparative Example 3-1.
• Sheet batteries were produced in the same manner as in Example 3-1 and Comparative Example 3-1, and initial capacity evaluation and high-temperature storage swelling evaluation were performed. The evaluation results are shown in Table 2.
• the initial discharge capacity is improved when the amount of sulfate ion in the produced electrolyte is in the range of 1.00 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 7 ⁇ mol / L to 1.00 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 mol / L. It can be seen that the battery characteristics are improved because the amount of gas generated during high-temperature storage decreases.
• Sheet batteries were produced in the same manner as in Examples 3-1 to 3-7 and Comparative Examples 3-1 to 3-3, and evaluated for high-temperature storage swelling. The evaluation results are shown in Table 3.
• a sheet-like battery was prepared in the same manner as in Examples 3-1 to 3-8 and Comparative Examples 3-1 to 3-4 except that the above negative electrode, positive electrode, and electrolytic solution were used, and initial capacity evaluation and high temperature were performed. A storage blister evaluation was performed. The evaluation results are shown in Table 4.
• the initial discharge capacity is high if the amount of acetate ions in the produced electrolyte is in the range of 1.00 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 mol / L to 4.00 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 mol / L, and It can be seen that the battery characteristics are improved because the amount of gas generated during high-temperature storage decreases.
• Sheet batteries were prepared in the same manner as in Examples 3-1 to 3-12 and Comparative Examples 3-1 to 3-6, and the initial capacity was evaluated. The evaluation results are shown in Table 5.
• a sheet-like battery was prepared in the same manner as in Examples 3-1 to 3-13 and Comparative Examples 3-1 to 3-7 except that the negative electrode, the positive electrode, and the electrolytic solution were used. Storage characteristics were evaluated. The evaluation results are shown in Table 6.
• lithium fluorosulfonate can be produced in a high yield under mild conditions, and the obtained lithium fluorosulfonate of the present invention has high purity, so that It is particularly useful for water electrolytes and the like.
• the non-aqueous electrolyte solution of the present invention and the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery using the same can be used for various known applications. Specific examples include, for example, notebook computers, pen input computers, mobile computers, electronic book players, mobile phones, mobile faxes, mobile copy, mobile printers, headphone stereos, video movies, LCD TVs, handy cleaners, portable CDs, minidiscs.
• Walkie Talkie Electronic Notebook, Calculator, Memory Card, Portable Tape Recorder, Radio, Backup Power Supply, Motor, Car, Motorcycle, Motorbike, Bicycle, Lighting Equipment, Toy, Game Equipment, Clock, Electric Tool, Strobe, Camera, Load Examples include leveling power sources and natural energy storage power sources.

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