WO2012056642A1 - 半導体素子 - Google Patents
半導体素子 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012056642A1 WO2012056642A1 PCT/JP2011/005769 JP2011005769W WO2012056642A1 WO 2012056642 A1 WO2012056642 A1 WO 2012056642A1 JP 2011005769 W JP2011005769 W JP 2011005769W WO 2012056642 A1 WO2012056642 A1 WO 2012056642A1
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- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 110
- 210000000746 body region Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 claims description 13
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- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical group O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/68—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor controllable by only the electric current supplied, or only the electric potential applied, to an electrode which does not carry the current to be rectified, amplified or switched
- H01L29/76—Unipolar devices, e.g. field effect transistors
- H01L29/772—Field effect transistors
- H01L29/78—Field effect transistors with field effect produced by an insulated gate
- H01L29/7827—Vertical transistors
- H01L29/7828—Vertical transistors without inversion channel, e.g. vertical ACCUFETs, normally-on vertical MISFETs
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/02—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/06—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by their shape; characterised by the shapes, relative sizes, or dispositions of the semiconductor regions ; characterised by the concentration or distribution of impurities within semiconductor regions
- H01L29/0684—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by their shape; characterised by the shapes, relative sizes, or dispositions of the semiconductor regions ; characterised by the concentration or distribution of impurities within semiconductor regions characterised by the shape, relative sizes or dispositions of the semiconductor regions or junctions between the regions
- H01L29/0692—Surface layout
- H01L29/0696—Surface layout of cellular field-effect devices, e.g. multicellular DMOS transistors or IGBTs
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/02—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/12—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by the materials of which they are formed
- H01L29/16—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by the materials of which they are formed including, apart from doping materials or other impurities, only elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table
- H01L29/1608—Silicon carbide
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/02—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/12—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by the materials of which they are formed
- H01L29/20—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by the materials of which they are formed including, apart from doping materials or other impurities, only AIIIBV compounds
- H01L29/2003—Nitride compounds
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/68—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor controllable by only the electric current supplied, or only the electric potential applied, to an electrode which does not carry the current to be rectified, amplified or switched
- H01L29/70—Bipolar devices
- H01L29/72—Transistor-type devices, i.e. able to continuously respond to applied control signals
- H01L29/739—Transistor-type devices, i.e. able to continuously respond to applied control signals controlled by field-effect, e.g. bipolar static induction transistors [BSIT]
- H01L29/7391—Gated diode structures
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a semiconductor element.
- the present invention relates to a wide band gap semiconductor element (power semiconductor device) used for high breakdown voltage and large current.
- Si semiconductor elements are generally used for high withstand voltage and large current control in voltage conversion circuits and the like.
- an IGBT insulated gate bipolar transistor
- the Si-IGBT having a vertical structure is used to control a withstand voltage of 600 V or higher and a current of 10 A or higher.
- the structure of the upper surface of the device including the gate for switching the current ON / OFF is a metal-insulator-semiconductor field effect transistor (MISFET) which is an insulated gate. ), And a structure equivalent to a normal vertical DIMISFET (double implant MISFET) structure is formed.
- MISFET double implant MISFET
- the cross-sectional view of FIG. 7A shows the configuration of the Si semiconductor element (Si-IGBT or MISFET) 1100.
- the semiconductor element 1100 is made of a silicon (Si) semiconductor, and an n ⁇ drift layer 120 is stacked on a p-type Si substrate 110 (in the case of MISFET, an n + Si substrate) in the case of IGBT.
- a p body region 130 is formed in a part of the upper portion of the n ⁇ drift layer 120, and the p body viewed from above perpendicular to the main surface of the substrate.
- a p body contact region 132 and an n + source region 140 are formed in the upper portion of the region which is the inside in the plan view of region 130.
- a source electrode 145 is formed on p body contact region 132 and n + source region 140.
- a channel region 151 is provided on the surface of the p body region 130, and a gate insulating film 160 and a gate electrode 165 are formed on the channel region 151.
- a gate insulating film 160 and a gate electrode 165 are formed on the channel region 151.
- JFET region 121 In a plan view as viewed from the upper direction perpendicular to the main surface of the substrate, an n region where the p body region 130 is not formed exists on the surface of the drift layer 120.
- a portion of drift layer 120 sandwiched between p body regions 130 is referred to as JFET region 121.
- a drain electrode 170 is formed on the back surface of the Si substrate 110. In the case of an IGBT, the source electrode 145 and the drain electrode 170 become an emitter electrode and a collector electrode, respectively.
- the switching operation is performed according to the voltage applied between the source electrode 145 and the gate electrode 165 when a DC voltage is applied so that the drain electrode 170 has a positive potential and the source electrode 145 has a negative potential. This means that the current can be turned ON / OFF.
- the channel region 151 is depleted when a voltage equal to or higher than the threshold voltage is applied between the source electrode 145 and the gate electrode 165 so that the gate electrode 165 side is positive, and further becomes an inversion region. At this time, electrons can move from the source region 140 toward the JFET region 121 through the channel region 151, and a current flows.
- a channel layer 150 may be added as shown in FIG.
- the resistance (ON resistance) associated with the movement of electrons can be reduced.
- the reduction of the ON resistance due to the introduction of the n ⁇ channel layer 150 has a trade-off relationship with the normally-off operation, and a careful channel layer design is required.
- the switching operation is an operation when a positive DC voltage is applied to the drain electrode 170 and a negative DC voltage is applied to the source electrode 145.
- a reverse DC voltage negative to the drain electrode 170 and positive to the source electrode 1405 is applied, the MISFET performs a diode operation. This is because the body diode 180 is formed by the pn junction between the p body region 130 of the MISFET 1100 and the n ⁇ drift layer 120.
- the source electrode 145 since the source electrode 145 is in ohmic contact with the p body region 130 via the p body contact region 132, when a reverse DC voltage (negative to the drain electrode 170 and positive to the source electrode 145) is applied, Between the electrode 145 and the drain electrode 170, a forward current of the pn junction of the body diode 180 flows. That is, when a positive voltage is applied to the drain electrode 170 and a negative voltage is applied to the source electrode 145, the vertical MISFET 1100 operates as a switch controlled by the potential of the gate electrode 165. When a positive voltage is applied to 145, it operates as a diode. When the forward current of the diode flows, a voltage higher than the built-in voltage (about 1 V) of the Si semiconductor is generated.
- an inverter that outputs an alternating current from a direct current voltage, for example, when the output is for an L load (inductive load) having an inductance component such as a winding of a motor, a voltage opposite to that during switch operation is applied. In some cases, a forward current flows through the body diode.
- a pseudo-Schottky diode (Pseudo-Schottky Diode) has been invented that performs diode operation using the structure of the vertical MISFET shown in FIG. 7C (Patent Document 1).
- This element operates in the same manner as a diode operation when a negative voltage is applied to the drain electrode 170 and a positive voltage is applied to the source electrode 145, but the current is designed to flow mainly through the channel layer 150, not the body diode 180. ing.
- the current flowing through the channel layer 150 in the direction opposite to the direction of the current flowing when the transistor is operated is a built-in voltage of Si semiconductor (about approximately) when a voltage is applied so that the drain electrode 170 is negative and the source electrode 145 is positive. 1V) can be made so that a current starts to flow even at a voltage of 1 V or less, and the body diode can be designed not to pass a current.
- the design of the channel layer is also related to the design of the MOS interface, the principle is complicated, and it was based on know-how obtained from a large amount of measured data.
- a channel layer having a thickness of 0.1 ⁇ m or more and an n-type concentration of 2 ⁇ 10 17 cm ⁇ 3 or less has been used.
- Patent Document 2 a MOS type diode using Si is disclosed in Patent Document 2
- Patent Document 3 a MOS type transistor using SiC is disclosed in Patent Document 3.
- a power conversion circuit such as an inverter is made using a MISFET or IGBT of a Si semiconductor element (power device) used for high breakdown voltage and large current as a switching element
- an L load such as a winding of a motor is used.
- the diode having a withstand voltage of 600 V or more needs to use a pn junction diode because the withstand voltage of a normal Schottky diode is low.
- MISFETs and pseudo-Schottky diodes formed from silicon carbide semiconductor elements have already been reported (Patent Document 3), but it is stated that MISFET operation and pseudo-Schottky diode operation have a trade-off relationship in the element structure. Yes. In other words, it is stated that it is impossible to realize the MISFET operation and the pseudo Schottky diode with high performance that can be used industrially in the same structure, as described above for the Si semiconductor. .
- Patent Document 2 As for the pseudo Schottky diode that performs the diode operation using the structure of the vertical MISFET described above, there has already been disclosed a Si element (Patent Document 2) and a SiC element (Patent Document 3). It is disclosed that these diodes can design the electrical characteristics of the forward current (source-drain voltage: Vf0 from which a current in the positive direction flows with respect to the diode operation) (paragraph [0097] of Patent Document 3). That is, the diode current can flow with a source-drain voltage: Vf0 smaller than the built-in potential of the pn diode.
- the pseudo Schottky diode that operates as a diode using the above-described vertical MISFET structure is designed by designing a merged threshold voltage adjusting / SIR channel layer and applying a voltage between the source and the gate, thereby realizing the original MISFET.
- the control range of the concentration and film thickness of the channel layer in this patent is in the range of 1 ⁇ 10 15 to 5 ⁇ 10 17 cm ⁇ 3 and 0.05 to 1 ⁇ m (paragraph [0101] of Patent Document 3).
- a film having a thickness of 0.05 ⁇ m or more and an n-type concentration of 5 ⁇ 10 17 cm ⁇ 3 or less is used as the channel layer. It shows that an element is formed by extending the structure of the MISFET or pseudo Schottky diode.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and its main purpose is to trade off the threshold voltage of the transistor and the rising voltage of the diode while functioning as a diode while having transistor characteristics.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a semiconductor device that does not become necessary.
- the semiconductor element of the present invention is a semiconductor element including a metal-insulator-semiconductor field effect transistor, and the metal-insulator-semiconductor field effect transistor includes a first conductivity type body region and at least one of the body regions.
- a wide bandgap semiconductor having a second conductivity type channel layer in contact with the surface of the portion of the body region, an insulating film in contact with the surface of the channel layer, a gate electrode facing the channel layer through the insulating film, A source electrode in contact with the source region; and a drain electrode electrically connected to the drift region, the source electrode
- the potential of the drain electrode with reference to the potential is Vds
- the potential of the gate electrode with respect to the potential of the source electrode is Vgs
- the gate threshold voltage of the metal-insulator-semiconductor field effect transistor is Vth
- the drain electrode When the direction of the current flowing from the source electrode to the source electrode is defined as the forward direction and the direction of the current flowing from the source electrode to the drain electrode is defined as the
- the potential Vgs of the gate electrode that functions as a diode and is based on the potential of the source electrode is 0 volt
- at least a part of the channel layer is formed by a pn junction between the part of the body region and the channel layer.
- the dielectric constant of the wide band gap semiconductor is ⁇ s
- the dielectric constant and thickness of the insulating film are ⁇ i and Di
- the sum of Dc and Db is Ds
- the absolute value of the rising voltage of the diode is Vf0, Ds ⁇ Di ⁇ ⁇ s / ( ⁇ i (2 / Vf0-1)) is satisfied.
- the wide band gap semiconductor is made of silicon carbide, and when the dopant concentration of the body region is Nb and the dopant concentration of the channel layer is Nc, Vf0 ⁇ 1 volts, Ds ⁇ 2Di, Nb> 1 ⁇ 10 17 cm ⁇ 3 and Nc> 1 ⁇ 10 17 cm ⁇ 3 are satisfied.
- the dopant concentration of the body region is Nb
- the dopant concentration of the channel layer is Nc
- the built-in potential of the pn junction is Pbi
- the elementary charge is q, (1+ ( ⁇ s / ⁇ i) ⁇ (Di / Ds))> 2 / (Pbi ⁇ (0.5q / ⁇ s) ⁇ (Nb ⁇ Db (Db + 2Dc) ⁇ Nc ⁇ Dc 2 ))> 2.
- the wide band gap semiconductor is made of silicon carbide.
- the dopant concentration of the body region is Nb and the dopant concentration of the channel layer is Nc
- Vf0 ⁇ 0.5 volts
- Nb> 1 ⁇ 10 18 cm ⁇ 3 and Nc> 1 ⁇ 10 18 cm ⁇ 3 are satisfied.
- the dopant concentration of the body region is Nb
- the dopant concentration of the channel layer is Nc
- the built-in potential of the PN junction is Pbi
- the elementary charge is q, (1+ ( ⁇ s / ⁇ i) ⁇ (Di / Ds))> 2 / (Pbi ⁇ (0.5q / ⁇ s) ⁇ (Nb ⁇ Db (Db + 2Dc) ⁇ Nc ⁇ Dc 2 ))> 4 is satisfied.
- Ds is greater than 14 nm.
- At least one of Nb and Nc is 1.4 ⁇ 10 19 cm ⁇ 3 or less.
- the wide band gap semiconductor is made of silicon carbide, and Ds is smaller than 50 nm.
- FIG. (A), (b), (c), and (d) Schematic cross-sectional view of a semiconductor device in an embodiment of the present invention
- Graph showing the relationship between the threshold (horizontal axis) and Vf0 (vertical axis) In this embodiment, it is a graph which shows the range for achieving Vf0 1V, (a) is a channel layer density
- threshold value (Vth), (c) is a graph showing the effective region of the channel layer concentration (Nc) where the threshold value (Vth) is greater than 2V (no effective region) Graph showing the relationship between channel layer concentration (Nc), channel layer thickness (Dc) and threshold (Vth) in the present embodiment
- A) is a schematic cross-sectional view of a conventional example of a semiconductor element
- (b) is a schematic top view thereof
- (c) is a schematic cross-sectional view of a semiconductor element in which a channel layer is provided in the semiconductor element of (a).
- the semiconductor element of this embodiment is a silicon carbide semiconductor element (power semiconductor device), and includes a metal-insulator-semiconductor field effect transistor (MISFET) 1000.
- MISFET metal-insulator-semiconductor field effect transistor
- a typical example of a MISFET is a MOSFET.
- the silicon carbide semiconductor portion of MISFET 1000 includes a first conductivity type body region 130, a second conductivity type source region 140 in contact with at least a part of body region 130, and a part of body region 130.
- a second conductivity type drift region 120 separated from the source region 140 by a second conductivity type channel region 150 in contact with the surface of the portion of the body region 130 located between the source region 140 and the drift region 120;
- the MISFET 1000 further includes an insulating film 160 in contact with the surface of the channel layer 150, a gate electrode 165 facing the channel layer 150 through the insulating film 160, and a source electrode 145 in contact with the source region 140.
- the silicon carbide semiconductor portion having the drift region 120 and the like is supported by the second conductivity type silicon carbide semiconductor substrate 110, and a drain electrode 170 is provided on the back surface of the substrate 110. Drain electrode 170 is electrically connected to drift region 120.
- the potential of the drain electrode 170 with respect to the potential of the source electrode 145 is Vds
- the potential of the gate electrode 165 with reference to the potential of the source electrode 145 is Vgs
- the gate threshold voltage of the MISFET 1000 is Vth
- the drain electrode 170 is defined as “forward direction”
- the direction of current flowing from the source electrode 145 to the drain electrode 170 is defined as “reverse direction”.
- the MISFET 1000 When Vgs ⁇ Vth, the MISFET 1000 conducts between the drain electrode 170 and the source electrode 145 through the channel layer 150.
- the MISFET 1000 when 0 volt ⁇ Vgs ⁇ Vth, the MISFET 1000 does not pass a current in the “forward direction”, and when Vds ⁇ Vf0 volt, the MISFET 1000 “reverse” from the source electrode 145 to the drain electrode 170 through the channel layer 150. It functions as a diode that allows current to flow through. Needless to say, when the diode passes a current in the “reverse direction”, a “forward current” flows for the diode.
- a diode that allows current to flow from the source electrode 145 to the drain electrode 170 through the channel layer 150 when the transistor is OFF is referred to as a “channel diode”.
- the “channel diode” of the present invention does not flow through the body diode of the pn junction when the current is small, but the body of the pn junction is not affected by the large current. The current does not flow in the diode, and there is a characteristic that the conventional Si pseudo Schottky diode does not have.
- the main part of the channel layer 150 among the channel layers 150 is formed by the pn junction between the part of the body region 130 and the channel layer 150.
- a depletion layer having a thickness Dc that is depleted over the entire thickness direction is formed at least partially in a plan view from a direction perpendicular to the surface.
- a depletion layer having a thickness Db is formed in the part of the body region 130 from the junction surface of the pn junction.
- the dielectric constant of the “wide band gap semiconductor” which is a silicon carbide semiconductor is ⁇ s
- the dielectric constant and thickness of the insulating film 160 are ⁇ i and Di
- the sum of Dc and Db is Ds
- the rise of the diode When the absolute value of the voltage is Vf0, the semiconductor element of this embodiment satisfies Ds ⁇ Di ⁇ ⁇ s / ( ⁇ i (2 / Vf0-1)).
- the rising voltage of the diode is a magnitude of a potential at which current starts to flow from the source electrode 145 to the drain electrode 170 when the potential of the drain electrode 170 with respect to the source electrode 145 is decreased from 0 volts.
- a forward voltage equal to or higher than Vf0 is applied to the diode, a forward current flows through the diode. This forward current is a current that flows in the “reverse direction” for the semiconductor element, according to the above definition.
- a depletion layer having a thickness Dc that is depleted in the entire thickness direction of the channel layer 150 is formed by a pn junction between the body region 130 and the channel layer 150.
- a depletion layer having a thickness Db is formed from the junction surface of the pn junction.
- the semiconductor element according to the present embodiment includes the second conductivity type silicon carbide semiconductor substrate 110 and the drift region 120 made of the second conductivity type silicon carbide formed on the surface of the substrate 110. It is out. Second conductivity type drift region 120 is formed of a portion (second conductivity type portion) of the silicon carbide layer formed on substrate 110 other than the portion where first conductivity type body region 130 is formed. Yes.
- the silicon carbide layer in which the “drift region 120” and the “body region 130” are formed may be referred to as a “drift layer”.
- Silicon carbide semiconductor substrate 110 of the present embodiment is an n + substrate (n + SiC substrate), and drift region 120 is an n ⁇ region. That is, in the present embodiment, the second conductivity type is n-type, and the first conductivity type is p-type. The n-type and p-type may be interchanged. Note that the superscript “+” or “ ⁇ ” in the symbols “n + ” or “n ⁇ ” represents the relative concentration of impurities. “N + ” means that the n-type dopant concentration is higher than “n”, and “n ⁇ ” means that the n-type dopant concentration is lower than “n”.
- the first conductivity type p body region 130 is formed in the drift layer, and the second conductivity type source region 140 is formed in the p body region 130.
- Source region 140 is of n + type.
- the p body region 130 may be referred to as a p body layer. Further, the p body region 130 may be referred to as a p base region.
- a p + type p + contact region 132 is formed in the p body region 130.
- a source electrode 145 is formed on the source region 140.
- the source electrode 145, n + is formed on the surface of the source regions 140 and p + contact region 132, n + are both electrical contact with the source regions 140 and p + contact region 132.
- P + contact region 132 is further in electrical contact with p body region 130. When the dopant concentration of p body region 130 is sufficiently high, p + contact region 132 may be omitted and source electrode 145 may be in direct contact with p body region 130.
- n ⁇ drift region 120 a region sandwiched by the p body regions 130 functions as a (Junction Field-Effect Transistor) region 121. Since this region is composed of the drift region 120, a dopant of the second conductivity type (here, n-type) is introduced by ion implantation or the like in order to reduce the resistance in the JFET region 121, so that the dopant is more dopant than other portions of the drift region 120. The concentration may be increased.
- n-type channel layer 150 is formed in contact with at least part of p body region 130 and n + source region 140.
- the channel layer 150 in the present embodiment is formed by, for example, epitaxial growth on the drift layer in which the p body region 130 and the n + source region 140 are formed.
- the channel layer 150 may be a region formed by injecting an n-type impurity into the upper portion of the p body region 130.
- a gate insulating film 160 is formed on the channel layer 150.
- a gate electrode 165 is formed on the gate insulating film 160.
- a drain electrode 170 is formed on the back surface of the substrate 110.
- the present inventors discovered the following operation principle by analyzing in detail the FET operation and the pseudo Schottky diode operation in the structure around the channel of the MISFET, and based on this discovery, can operate as a MISFET and a diode.
- a new semiconductor device was invented. That is, a general formula (formula 7 to be described later) was derived with respect to the minimum voltage Vf0 between the drain electrode and the source electrode from which forward current flows to the diode. Further, regarding the relationship between the voltage Vth and Vf0 applied to the gate electrode for turning on the transistor, which is important as the MISFET operation, a general formula (formula 8 described later) is derived, and the operation of the MISFET and the operation of the diode are trade-offs. We have found a structure that holds both.
- the total thickness Ds of the depletion layer formed in the semiconductor is expressed by the following equation.
- Emax is a maximum electric field in which a leak current does not flow through the pn junction without generating an avalanche current in the semiconductor.
- Pbi is a built-in potential of a semiconductor pn junction.
- Nc (Si) needs to be smaller than about 2 ⁇ 10 17 cm ⁇ 3 .
- the potential Vgs of the gate electrode 165 with respect to the potential of the source electrode 145 is 0 volt. In this case, it is difficult to create a state in which no current flows in the channel layer.
- the acceptable ranges for the thickness and dopant concentration of the channel layer are as follows: the Si channel layer has a thickness of 0.1 ⁇ m (100 nm) or more, and the dopant concentration is n-type and 2 ⁇ 10 2, as described in the prior art. This is consistent with the use of layers of 17 cm ⁇ 3 or less (Patent Document 1). That is, it became clear that the consideration about the function of our depletion layer around the channel layer is consistent with the design guideline based on the know-how related to the conventional Si device.
- the channel layer 150 is formed in a region outside the range of the thickness and dopant concentration to be satisfied by the channel layer of the conventional Si semiconductor, thereby stably operating the semiconductor element. I found out that I can make it.
- the dopant concentration Nc of the channel layer is uniform in the thickness direction, and the dopant concentration Nb of the body region is sufficiently higher than the dopant concentration Nc of the channel layer. Therefore, the depletion layer is formed thin on the body region side, and the thickness Ds of the depletion layer can be considered to be substantially equal to the thickness Dc of the channel layer.
- the body region dopant concentration Nb and the channel layer dopant concentration Nc have the same order of magnitude.
- Ds a case is considered in which the potential drop in the depletion layer of the pn junction spreads until it matches the built-in potential (corresponding to the band gap) of the pn junction of the semiconductor. Since the potential drop of the pn junction between the channel layer and the body region of the present invention is not normally on when no voltage is applied between the source electrode and the gate electrode, the built-in potential of the semiconductor (SiC) pn junction Smaller than (corresponding to the band gap). On the other hand, Vf0 is sufficiently low, and it is preferable to set the potential drop to 2 V or higher in order to prevent current from flowing through the body diode even when a large current flows through the channel diode. In this case, the lower limit value of Ds is 2/3 of 20 nm. Therefore, the following formula is established. Ds (SiC)> 14 nm
- the present inventors have found that in a MOS type diode, the potential drop Pd on the channel layer surface (oxide film interface) is expressed as follows.
- Vf0 Pbi-Pd Therefore, the following formula is established.
- Vth at which current flows to the MISFET is expressed as a function of Vf0 as follows.
- ⁇ i and Di are the dielectric constant and thickness of the insulating film 160, respectively.
- Ds used here is the thickness of the depletion layer of the semiconductor in the state where the voltage Vth is applied, and is accurately different from Dc + Db in the above equation 7.
- the condition for safe operation required in MISFET operation is to set Vth to a positive value or more.
- a gate threshold voltage Vth of a switching element such as a MISFET used in a power electronics circuit is usually required to be higher than 2V.
- An element having a threshold voltage Vth of 2 V or less causes a malfunctioning switching operation of current due to noise generated in association with the switching operation, and a safe operation cannot be guaranteed.
- the minimum voltage Vf0 between the drain electrode and the source electrode where the forward current flows to the diode it is necessary to set the minimum voltage Vf0 between the drain electrode and the source electrode where the forward current flows to the diode to a certain value or less.
- the switching current (current in the positive direction) of the MISFET is limited so that the forward voltage Vf in the positive direction becomes smaller than 2 V in consideration of the problem of heat generation from the semiconductor element.
- the voltage Vf is determined by the product of the switching current of the MISFET and the ON resistance (voltage drop). During the inverter operation, this current is conducted as a diode current. For this reason, the forward voltage (reverse direction Vf) of the diode current is a value obtained by adding Vf0 to the positive direction Vf (less than 2 V). This value is limited to less than 3V if Vf0 is less than 1V.
- the forward voltage of a diode of less than 3 V is equal to or less than the built-in potential of about 3 V of a pn junction of silicon carbide, for example. Therefore, if Vf0 is a value smaller than 1V, current hardly flows through the parasitic body diode.
- Equation 8 Considering the requirement of Vth> 2V required from the MISFET operation and the requirement of Vf0 ⁇ 1V required from the diode operation, the following equation is derived from Equation 8.
- Equation 9 ′ In order for Vth in Equation 9 ′ to be greater than 2V, Ds needs to be set to satisfy the following equation.
- the set values of Di and Vf0 may change depending on the situation when using the semiconductor element of the present invention. For this reason, in the semiconductor device of the present invention, it is essentially important to set Ds so as to satisfy the above formula 9 ′′ based on the given Di and Vf0.
- Di Since a normal silicon carbide semiconductor element is driven with a gate voltage of 20 V, Di is usually set to 70 nm, and Ds has a good range below.
- Equation 9 When Equation 9 is generalized and written under the conditions of Vth> 2V and Vf0 ⁇ 1V, the following equation is obtained.
- Equation 9 is generalized and written under the conditions of Vth> 2V and Vf0 ⁇ 0.5V, the following equation is obtained.
- Nc changes the number of digits in five steps from 10 16 cm ⁇ 3 to 10 20 cm ⁇ 3 .
- the vertical axis of the graph is Vf0, and the horizontal axis is Vth.
- Dc is 10 nm, 50 nm, 100 nm, 500 nm, and 1000 nm.
- the vertical axis of this graph is also Vf0, and the horizontal axis is Vth.
- the graphs of FIGS. 3B, 3C, and 3D correspond to the graph of FIG. 3A, respectively.
- the graphs of FIG. 3B, FIG. 3C, and FIG. 3D are different in that Nb is 10 19 cm ⁇ 3 , 10 18 cm ⁇ 3 , and 10 17 cm ⁇ 3 , respectively.
- Vth and Vf0 were obtained by newly derived equations 7 and 8.
- the vertical axis of the graph is Dc and the horizontal axis is Nc.
- the numerical value on the horizontal axis indicates an index of 10. For example, “16” means 1 ⁇ 10 16 (cm ⁇ 3 ), and “16.5” means 1 ⁇ 10 16.5 (cm ⁇ 3 ).
- the meanings of the numerical values on these horizontal axes are the same in FIGS. 4B and 4C described below.
- the thickness Dc of the channel layer is usually set to a value of 50 nm or more. It is necessary to increase Dc as Nc decreases. Above this Dc value (region above the plot point in FIG. 4A), Vf0 ⁇ 1V, which means that the object of the present application can be achieved as a diode operation.
- the vertical axis of the graph is Vth and the horizontal axis is Nc.
- FIG. 4 (c) is a graph in which a part of FIG. 4 (a) and a part of FIG. 4 (b) are described together.
- the left vertical axis of this graph is Dc
- the right vertical axis is Vth
- the horizontal axis is Nc.
- FIGS. 5A, 5B, and 5C are graphs corresponding to FIGS. 4A, 4B, and 4C, respectively.
- the vertical axis of the graph of FIG. 6 is the channel layer thickness Dc
- the horizontal axis is the channel layer dopant concentration Nc.
- the numerical value on the horizontal axis indicates an index of 10. For example, “18” means 1 ⁇ 10 18 (cm ⁇ 3 ). From FIG. 6, it was found that when Dc ⁇ 50 nm and Nc> 1 ⁇ 10 18 cm ⁇ 3 , a region where Vth> 2V can be formed.
- the thickness of the channel layer and the dopant concentration may be set within appropriate ranges. Recognize.
- the thickness Dc of the channel layer is preferably smaller than 50 nm, and more preferably 40 nm or less.
- Vf0 is set to a value between 0.5V and 1.0V while satisfying Vth> 2V.
- Examples of conditions when Vf0 is set to a value within the range of 0.6V to 0.9V are shown below.
- Vth / Vfo in Table 1 corresponds to the rightmost numerical value in Equations 13 and 16.
- the semiconductor element including the MISFET having the planar structure has been described.
- the semiconductor element of the present invention may be a semiconductor element including the MISFET having the trench structure.
- silicon carbide SiC
- GaN silicon carbide
- the threshold value Vth when operating as a MISFET can be set to a sufficiently high value, and the absolute value of the rising voltage when operating the MISFET as a diode can be sufficiently reduced.
- the present invention can provide a semiconductor element that stably drives a power electronics circuit such as an inverter without increasing the number of components.
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Abstract
Description
Ds(SiC)>2×10-6cm=20nm (式3’)
Nc(SiC)<7×1018cm-3 (式5’)
Ds(SiC)>14nm
120 ドリフト層
121 JFET領域
130 pボディ領域
132 p+コンタクト領域
140 ソース領域
145 ソース電極
150 チャネル層
160 ゲート絶縁膜
165 ゲート電極
170 ドレイン電極
Claims (8)
- 金属-絶縁体-半導体電界効果トランジスタを含む半導体素子であって、
前記金属-絶縁体-半導体電界効果トランジスタは、
第1導電型のボディ領域と、
前記ボディ領域の少なくとも一部に接触する第2導電型のソース領域と、
前記ボディ領域の一部分によって前記ソース領域から分離された第2導電型のドリフト領域と、
前記ソース領域と前記ドリフト領域との間に位置する前記ボディ領域の前記一部分の表面と接する第2導電型のチャネル層と、
を有するワイドバンドギャップ半導体、
前記チャネル層の表面と接する絶縁膜、
前記絶縁膜を介して前記チャネル層に対向するゲート電極、
前記ソース領域に接触するソース電極、および
前記ドリフト領域に電気的に接続されたドレイン電極と、
を備え、
前記ソース電極の電位を基準とする前記ドレイン電極の電位をVds、
前記ソース電極の電位を基準とする前記ゲート電極の電位をVgs、
前記金属-絶縁体-半導体電界効果トランジスタのゲート閾値電圧をVth、
前記ドレイン電極から前記ソース電極へ流れる電流の向きを順方向、
前記ソース電極から前記ドレイン電極へ流れる電流の向きを逆方向と定義すると、
Vgs≧Vthの場合、
前記金属-絶縁体-半導体電界効果トランジスタは、前記チャネル層を介して前記ドレイン電極と前記ソース電極との間を導通し、
0ボルト≦Vgs<Vthの場合、
前記金属-絶縁体-半導体電界効果トランジスタは、前記順方向に電流を流さず、Vds<0ボルトのとき、前記ソース電極から前記チャネル層を介して前記ドレイン電極へ前記逆方向に電流を流すダイオードとして機能し、
前記ソース電極の電位を基準とする前記ゲート電極の電位Vgsが0ボルトのとき、
前記ボディ領域の前記一部分と前記チャネル層との間のpn接合により前記チャネル層の少なくとも一部には厚さ方向の全体にわたって空乏化された厚さDcの空乏層が形成され、かつ、前記ボディ領域の前記一部分には前記pn接合の接合面から厚さDbの空乏層が形成され、
前記ワイドバンドギャップ半導体の誘電率をεs、
前記絶縁膜の誘電率および厚さを、それぞれ、εiおよびDi、
DcとDbの和をDs、
前記ダイオードの立ち上がり電圧の絶対値をVf0とするとき、
Ds<Di・εs/(εi(2/Vf0-1))
が満たされる、半導体素子。 - 前記ワイドバンドギャップ半導体は炭化珪素から形成されており、
前記ボディ領域のドーパント濃度をNb、前記チャネル層のドーパント濃度Ncとするとき、
Vf0<1ボルト、
Ds<2Di、
Nb>1×1017cm-3、および
Nc>1×1017cm-3
が満たされる、請求項1に記載の半導体素子。 - 前記ボディ領域のドーパント濃度をNb、
前記チャネル層のドーパント濃度Nc、
前記pn接合のビルトインポテンシャルをPbi、
電荷素量をqとすると、
(1+(εs/εi)・(Di/Ds))>2/(Pbi-(0.5q/εs)・(Nb・Db(Db+2Dc)-Nc・Dc2))>2
が満たされる、請求項2に記載の半導体素子。 - 前記ワイドバンドギャップ半導体は炭化珪素から形成されており、
前記ボディ領域のドーパント濃度をNb、前記チャネル層のドーパント濃度Ncとするとき、
Vf0<0.5ボルト、
Ds<(2/3)・Di、
Nb>1×1018cm-3、および
Nc>1×1018cm-3
が満たされる、請求項1に記載の半導体素子。 - 前記ボディ領域のドーパント濃度をNb、
前記チャネル層のドーパント濃度Nc、
前記PN接合のビルトインポテンシャルをPbi、
電荷素量をqとすると、
(1+(εs/εi)・(Di/Ds))>2/(Pbi-(0.5q/εs)・(Nb・Db(Db+2Dc)-Nc・Dc2))>4
が満たされる、請求項4に記載の半導体素子。 - Dsは14nmよりも大きい、請求項1から5のいずれかに記載の半導体素子。
- NbおよびNcのうちの少なくとも一方が1.4×1019cm-3以下である、請求項1から6のいずれかに記載の半導体素子。
- 前記ワイドバンドギャップ半導体は炭化珪素から形成されており、
Dsは50nmよりも小さい、請求項1に記載の半導体素子。
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