JP7054853B2 - 炭化珪素半導体素子およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
炭化珪素半導体素子およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 153
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 152
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims description 119
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 14
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 515
- 210000000746 body region Anatomy 0.000 claims description 67
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 548
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 83
- 235000012431 wafers Nutrition 0.000 description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 23
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 16
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008034 disappearance Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005468 ion implantation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004518 low pressure chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910021420 polycrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium nitride Chemical compound [Ga]#N JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- AJNVQOSZGJRYEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N digallium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ga+3].[Ga+3] AJNVQOSZGJRYEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021334 nickel silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RUFLMLWJRZAWLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel silicide Chemical compound [Ni]=[Si]=[Ni] RUFLMLWJRZAWLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 nitrogen ion Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005591 polysilicon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021341 titanium silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Description
以下、図面を参照しながら、炭化珪素半導体素子の第1の実施形態を説明する。本実施形態の炭化珪素半導体素子はSiC-MISFETである。ここでは、第1導電型としてn型、第2導電型としてp型の導電型を有するMISFETを例に説明するが、本実施形態の炭化珪素半導体素子は、第1導電型としてp型、第2導電型としてn型の導電型を有するMISFETであってもよい。
チャネルダイオードを内蔵する場合の炭化珪素半導体素子200の動作をより具体的に説明する。ソース電極109の電位を基準とするゲート電極108の電位をVgs、ゲート閾値電圧をVthとすると、Vgs≧Vthの場合、順方向に電流が流れる(トランジスタ動作ONモード)。ここでは、矢印90に沿って、ドレイン電極114から、チャネル層106を介してソース電極109へオン電流が流れる。一方、0V≦Vgs<Vthの場合、順方向に電流が流れない(トランジスタ動作OFFモード)。トランジスタ動作OFFモードにおいて、Vdsが0ボルトよりも小さくなるにつれて、ボディ領域103から炭化珪素半導体エピタキシャル層110へ電流が流れ始める前に、矢印91に沿って、ソース電極109からチャネル層106を介してドレイン電極114へ電流が流れる。すなわち、Vds<0(V)のとき、逆方向に電流が流れるチャネルダイオードとして機能する。このような構成は、チャネル層106の不純物濃度・厚さ、ゲート絶縁膜107の厚さなどを適宜制御することで得られる。
チャネル層106は、例えば、ドリフト領域102と同じ導電型(例えばn型)の不純物を含む炭化珪素エピタキシャル層である。
次に、図面を参照しながら、本実施形態の炭化珪素半導体素子200の製造方法を説明する。
・試料1~4のMISFETの作製
チャネル層を構成する一部の不純物層の不純物濃度Cnを異ならせて、試料1~試料4のMISFETを作製した。ここでは、試料1~試料4のそれぞれとして、同じウェハを用いて複数のMISFETを作製した。
次いで、試料1~試料4のMISFETの閾値電圧Vth、オン抵抗Ron、およびチャネルダイオードの立ち上がり電圧Vf50を測定し、素子特性およびその面内ばらつきを比較した。立ち上がり電圧Vf50は、各試料のMISFETをチャネルダイオードとして機能させる場合に、ゲート電圧Vg=-5Vを印加したときに、チャネルダイオードに50Aの電流を流すことのできるドレイン電圧(逆電圧)である。
101 :基板
102 :ドリフト領域
103 :ボディ領域
104 :ソース領域
105 :コンタクト領域
106、106A、106B、106C、106D :チャネル層
107 :ゲート絶縁膜
108 :ゲート電極
109 :ソース電極
110 :炭化珪素エピタキシャル層
111 :層間絶縁層
114 :ドレイン電極
120 :JFET領域
200 :炭化珪素半導体素子
300 :炭化珪素エピタキシャルウェハ
301 :炭化珪素ウェハ
601 :高濃度不純物層
602a、602b :中濃度不純物層
603a、603b :低濃度不純物層
610 :界面エピタキシャル層
701a :第1不純物層
702b :第2不純物層
Ru :ユニットセル形成領域
Claims (12)
- 複数のユニットセルを含む炭化珪素半導体素子であって、前記複数のユニットセルのそれぞれは、
第1主面および第2主面を有する基板と、
前記基板の前記第1主面上に配置された第1導電型の炭化珪素半導体層と、
前記炭化珪素半導体層の表面に接する第2導電型のボディ領域と、
前記ボディ領域に接する第1導電型のソース領域と、
前記炭化珪素半導体層上に、前記ボディ領域の少なくとも一部に接して配置された、炭化珪素半導体からなるチャネル層と、
前記チャネル層上に配置されたゲート絶縁膜と、
前記ゲート絶縁膜上に配置されたゲート電極と
を有し、
前記チャネル層は、1×1018/cm3以上1×1019/cm3以下の濃度で第1導電型の不純物を含む高濃度不純物層と、1×1017/cm3以上1×1018/cm3未満の濃度で第1導電型の不純物を含む第1中濃度不純物層と、第1導電型の不純物の濃度が1×1017/cm3未満である第1低濃度不純物層とを含む積層構造を有し、
前記第1低濃度不純物層は、前記高濃度不純物層および前記第1中濃度不純物層よりも前記ボディ領域側に配置されており、
前記第1中濃度不純物層の厚さは5nm以上30nm以下である、炭化珪素半導体素子。 - 前記高濃度不純物層の厚さは10nm以上40nm以下である、請求項1に記載の炭化珪素半導体素子。
- 前記第1低濃度不純物層の厚さは1nm以上20nm以下である、請求項1に記載の炭化珪素半導体素子。
- 前記チャネル層と前記ボディ領域との界面に、前記第1低濃度不純物層よりも不純物濃度の高い界面エピタキシャル層をさらに有し、
前記第1低濃度不純物層は、前記界面エピタキシャル層上に、前記界面エピタキシャル層と接して配置されている、請求項1から3のいずれかに記載の炭化珪素半導体素子。 - 前記第1中濃度不純物層は、前記第1低濃度不純物層と前記高濃度不純物層との間に配置されている、請求項1から4のいずれかに記載の炭化珪素半導体素子。
- 前記チャネル層は、1×1017/cm3以上1×1018/cm3未満の濃度で第1導電型の不純物を含む第2中濃度不純物層をさらに含み、
前記高濃度不純物層は、前記第1中濃度不純物層と前記第2中濃度不純物層との間に配置され、前記第1中濃度不純物層および前記第2中濃度不純物層と接している、請求項5に記載の炭化珪素半導体素子。 - 前記チャネル層は、第1導電型の不純物の濃度が1×1017/cm3未満である第2低濃度不純物層をさらに含み、前記高濃度不純物層および前記第1中濃度不純物層は、前記第1低濃度不純物層と前記第2低濃度不純物層との間に配置されている、請求項1から6のいずれか記載の炭化珪素半導体素子。
- 前記高濃度不純物層は、前記第1低濃度不純物層と前記第1中濃度不純物層との間に配置されている、請求項1から4のいずれかに記載の炭化珪素半導体素子。
- 前記高濃度不純物層、前記第1中濃度不純物層および前記第1低濃度不純物層のそれぞれにおいて、前記チャネル層の厚さ方向における第1導電型の不純物の濃度プロファイルは略平坦な領域を含む、請求項1から8のいずれかに記載の炭化珪素半導体素子。
- 前記複数のユニットセルのそれぞれは、前記ソース領域および前記ボディ領域と電気的に接続されたソース電極と、前記基板の前記第2主面上に配置されたドレイン電極とをさらに有し、
前記複数のユニットセルのそれぞれにおいて、前記ソース電極を基準として前記ドレイン電極および前記ゲート電極に印加される電位をそれぞれVdsおよびVgsとし、ゲート閾値電圧をVthとすると、
Vgs≧Vthの場合、前記チャネル層を介して前記ドレイン電極から前記ソース電極へ電流が流れ、
Vgs<Vthの場合、Vdsが0ボルトよりも小さくなるにつれて、前記ボディ領域から前記炭化珪素半導体層へ電流が流れ始める前に前記ソース電極から前記チャネル層を介して前記ドレイン電極へ電流が流れる、請求項1から8のいずれかに記載の炭化珪素半導体素子。 - 複数のユニットセルを含む炭化珪素半導体素子であって、前記複数のユニットセルのそれぞれは、
第1主面および第2主面を有する基板と、
前記基板の前記第1主面上に配置された第1導電型の炭化珪素半導体層と、
前記炭化珪素半導体層の表面に接する第2導電型のボディ領域と、
前記ボディ領域に接する第1導電型のソース領域と、
前記炭化珪素半導体層上に、前記ボディ領域の少なくとも一部に接して配置された、炭化珪素半導体からなるチャネル層と、
前記チャネル層上に配置されたゲート絶縁膜と、
前記ゲート絶縁膜上に配置されたゲート電極と
を有し、
前記チャネル層は、それぞれが1×1017/cm3以上1×1018/cm3未満の濃度で第1導電型の不純物を含む第1中濃度不純物層および第2中濃度不純物層と、1×1018/cm3以上1×1019/cm3以下の濃度で第1導電型の不純物を含む高濃度不純物層とを含む積層構造を有し、
前記高濃度不純物層は、前記第1中濃度不純物層と前記第2中濃度不純物層との間に配置されており、
前記高濃度不純物層、前記第1中濃度不純物層および前記第2中濃度不純物層のそれぞれにおいて、前記チャネル層の厚さ方向における第1導電型の不純物の濃度プロファイルは略平坦な領域を含む、炭化珪素半導体素子。 - 前記第1中濃度不純物層および前記第2中濃度不純物層の厚さは5nm以上30nm以下である、請求項11に記載の炭化珪素半導体素子。
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