WO2011142367A1 - 鋼製壁および鋼製壁の施工方法 - Google Patents
鋼製壁および鋼製壁の施工方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2011142367A1 WO2011142367A1 PCT/JP2011/060784 JP2011060784W WO2011142367A1 WO 2011142367 A1 WO2011142367 A1 WO 2011142367A1 JP 2011060784 W JP2011060784 W JP 2011060784W WO 2011142367 A1 WO2011142367 A1 WO 2011142367A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- steel
- wall
- sheet pile
- steel pipe
- steel sheet
- Prior art date
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
- E02D5/02—Sheet piles or sheet pile bulkheads
- E02D5/03—Prefabricated parts, e.g. composite sheet piles
- E02D5/04—Prefabricated parts, e.g. composite sheet piles made of steel
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
- E02D5/02—Sheet piles or sheet pile bulkheads
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
- E02D5/22—Piles
- E02D5/24—Prefabricated piles
- E02D5/28—Prefabricated piles made of steel or other metals
- E02D5/285—Prefabricated piles made of steel or other metals tubular, e.g. prefabricated from sheet pile elements
Definitions
- steel sheet piles and steel pipe sheet piles are used in various constructions such as earth retaining works, deadlines, revetments, landfills, and dikes.
- Steel sheet piles and steel pipe sheet piles are properly used depending on the required rigidity.
- steel sheet piles are used in scenes where rigidity may be low, and steel pipe sheet piles are used in scenes where high rigidity is required.
- the steel pipe sheet pile has a larger joint margin than the steel sheet pile. Therefore, when waterstop is required when constructing a deadline or a revetment, a method of filling the joint space with a bagging cement mortar is generally employed. In this method, when using in a waterside environment such as a river or a port, the mortar may flow out if the bag for mortar is damaged. In addition, since the gap between the bags can become a water channel, it is not necessarily suitable for applications requiring strict water-stopping.
- steel sheet piles are less rigid than steel pipe sheet piles, but have excellent water-stopping properties, small joint clearance, and water-stopping properties compared to steel pipe sheet piles even when no measures are taken. high.
- the water-stopping property of a steel sheet pile can be further enhanced by previously coating the joint with a swellable water-stopping material. By this method, it is possible to exhibit the water stop performance equivalent to or better than that of the steel pipe sheet pile for which the above measures have been taken, and it is possible to eliminate the labor of field work.
- Patent Document 2 a technique using a combined steel sheet pile in which a U-shaped (hat-shaped) steel sheet pile constituting a wall body is integrated and stiffened is proposed (for example, Patent Document 2).
- the combined steel sheet pile having such a structure is usually constructed by a vibro hammer method, and a part thereof is placed by a hydraulic press-fitting method.
- the Vibro hammer method can be used under severe conditions of vibration and noise in urban areas.
- the combined steel sheet pile having such a shape has a large cross-sectional area and a large resistance during driving. Therefore, it is considered that it is difficult to construct the hard ground even if it is driven by a hydraulic press-fitting method.
- the rigidity of the steel wall is higher in the steel pipe sheet pile wall than in the steel sheet pile wall.
- the water stoppage performance in the joint is more easily enhanced in the steel sheet pile wall than in the steel pipe sheet pile wall.
- This invention is made
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for constructing a steel wall to which a construction method that suppresses vibration and noise, which has been difficult with conventional combination steel sheet piles, can be easily applied.
- the steel wall according to claim 1 has a plurality of steel sheet piles connected by joints to provide a wall body, and a steel pipe on all or a part of the steel sheet pile of the wall body. Is in contact with the longitudinal direction of the steel sheet pile along the longitudinal direction of the steel sheet pile.
- the steel wall contacts the wall body (steel sheet pile wall) which connected several steel sheet piles with the joint along the longitudinal direction in the longitudinal direction of the steel sheet pile of this wall body.
- the wall body steel sheet pile wall
- the steel sheet pile wall connecting the steel sheet pile joints.
- a steel sheet pile and a steel pipe may be joined to each other as a combined steel sheet pile integrated with each other. Further, the steel sheet pile and the steel pipe may be separately placed on the ground.
- the excavating shaft of the excavator into the steel pipe and press-fit the steel pipe while excavating the lower side of the steel pipe. Therefore, construction with less noise can be performed even on hard ground.
- the ground is excavated by the excavator, at least a part of the portion of the ground where the steel sheet pile is placed is excavated by excavating a range wider than the outer diameter of the steel pipe.
- the steel wall according to claim 2 is, in the invention according to claim 1, a positional deviation in the longitudinal direction between the steel sheet pile and the steel pipe is restricted at a portion where the steel sheet pile and the steel pipe are in contact with each other. It is characterized by being.
- the steel sheet pile and the steel pipe are in contact with each other.
- the steel sheet pile and the steel pipe are fixed by welding or the like over the entire length, so that the longitudinal direction between the steel sheet pile and the steel pipe is achieved.
- the positional deviation of is regulated.
- it functions as an integral beam structure in which the steel sheet pile and the steel pipe are integrated, and a rigidity higher than the rigidity obtained by adding the rigidity of the steel pipe and the rigidity of the steel sheet pile can be obtained.
- the longitudinal displacement between the steel sheet pile and the steel pipe is allowed at a portion where the steel sheet pile and the steel pipe are in contact with each other. It is characterized by being.
- the steel wall according to claim 4 is characterized in that, in the invention according to claim 3, the steel sheet pile and the steel pipe are joined at the upper end of the wall body.
- the steel wall according to claim 5 is characterized in that, in the invention according to claim 4, the joining is by coping, welding, bolts or drill screws.
- rigidity can be increased by joining the steel sheet pile and the steel pipe. Moreover, joining of the upper end part of a wall body can be easily performed after placement.
- the steel wall according to claim 6 is the invention according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the steel pipe is disposed on one surface or both surfaces of the wall body. It is characterized by.
- a steel wall in a normal use environment receives a large pressure (earth pressure) from one surface. Therefore, it is reasonable to dispose the steel pipe on one side of the wall that is opposite to the side receiving the large pressure.
- earth pressure acts on a wall body made of steel sheet piles, and earth pressure acts on a steel pipe via the wall body. This makes it possible to receive earth pressure reasonably.
- the rigidity of the steel wall can be increased by arranging the steel pipes on both sides of the wall body.
- positioning a steel pipe on both surfaces of a wall respectively, with respect to the steel pipe arrange
- positioned on the surface on the opposite side to the surface which receives a big pressure the position shift of the longitudinal direction with a steel sheet pile is permitted, and it is set as a laminated beam structure.
- positioning a steel pipe on both surfaces of a wall body it is also possible to use the steel pipe of a different size according to the surface arrange
- the steel wall according to claim 7 is the invention according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the wall body is formed in a substantially wave shape that repeats a mountain and a valley, and the steel pipe is It enters into the trough part of the said wall, and is in contact with the said steel sheet pile.
- the width of the steel wall along the direction orthogonal to the length direction of the wall body can be reduced. Therefore, it is space saving and excellent in space efficiency. Further, for example, when the steel sheet pile and the steel pipe are driven as an integral beam structure, the excavation range can be narrowed when excavation is used together.
- the steel pipe is continuous or discrete in a plurality of valley portions that are continuously formed on one surface of the wall body. It is characterized by being provided.
- a steel pipe can also be arrange
- the steel wall according to claim 9 is the invention according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the wall body is formed in a substantially wave shape that repeats a mountain and a valley, and the steel pipe is It is in contact with the steel sheet pile on the crest portion side of the wall body.
- the invention described in claim 9 requires more installation space than the case of the invention described in claim 8.
- the steel pipe diameter is not restricted by the size of the valley portion, and a steel pipe having a larger steel pipe diameter can be used, which is advantageous when high rigidity is required.
- the steel wall according to claim 10 is the invention according to claim 9, wherein the steel pipe is continuously or discretely formed on a plurality of peak portions formed continuously on one surface of the wall body. It is characterized by being provided.
- the steel wall has a stable structure. can do. Thereby, the strength of the steel wall can be increased.
- the steel pipe is discretely arranged with respect to the mountain portion. Thereby, the usage-amount of the steel pipe of steel walls can be reduced, and cost reduction can be aimed at.
- the steel wall according to claim 11 is the invention according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the steel sheet pile and the steel pipe are different from each other in length in the longitudinal direction.
- a steel wall according to a thirteenth aspect is the invention according to any one of the first to eleventh aspects, wherein the steel wall includes the wall body and the steel pipe in contact with the wall body, and the extending directions thereof are mutually. At least two different steel wall divisions are provided, each of the steel wall divisions including the wall body and the steel pipe contacting the wall body, and the ends of the two steel wall division parts protrude from each other. A joint is provided in the steel pipe arranged at the end on the corner part side of each of the two steel wall division parts by being joined together, and these joints are connected to each other.
- two steel wall dividing portions are connected by a joint at a corner portion of the steel wall.
- difference does not arise in the direction which each steel wall division part should face.
- a steel pipe can be arrange
- the steel pipe at the corner and the steel pipe adjacent to the steel pipe can be arranged close to each other in two directions intersecting each other. For these reasons, rigidity can be ensured even in the corner portion.
- a plurality of steel sheet piles are connected by a joint to provide a wall body, and a steel pipe has a longitudinal direction in all or a part of the steel sheet piles of the wall body. It is a construction method of a steel wall that is in contact along the longitudinal direction of the steel sheet pile, Before placing, the steel pipe and the steel sheet pile in contact with the steel pipe are joined over the entire contact part, or joined at a part of the contact part to form a combined steel sheet pile, Inserting a drilling shaft of a drilling device into the steel pipe of the combined steel sheet pile, and driving the combined steel sheet pile while excavating the ground in a range wider than the diameter of the steel pipe with the drilling device under the steel pipe It is characterized by.
- a steel sheet pile and a steel pipe in contact with the steel sheet pile are placed in a range excavated by the excavator. Furthermore, steel walls are constructed by connecting steel sheet piles with joints. Therefore, it is possible to place a steel wall having high rigidity and water stopping performance while suppressing noise and vibration even on hard ground.
- a construction method of a steel wall which is in contact with the steel sheet pile along the longitudinal direction of the steel sheet pile, and is characterized in that the steel pipe is placed along the existing wall body.
- the steel pipe is provided in a plurality of valley portions or crest portions, and the steel pipe has a longitudinal direction along the longitudinal direction of the steel sheet pile and is in contact with the steel sheet pile.
- the steel pipe is driven using a hydraulic press-fitting method or a rotary press-fitting method.
- vibration and noise during construction are kept relatively small by taking a reaction force from the previously press-fitted steel pipe or the like and placing the steel pipe by a hydraulic press-fitting method or a rotary press-fitting method. be able to. Accordingly, it is possible to construct a steel wall having the above-described effects while suppressing noise and vibration. Furthermore, if a steel pipe is driven by a rotary press-fitting method, bending in the longitudinal direction is unlikely to occur during construction, so that it is easy to construct straight in the vertical direction, and construction can be performed with a relatively small reaction force.
- the present invention can obtain the same high water stopping performance as that of the conventional steel sheet pile wall and can obtain high rigidity. Further, the present invention can be constructed by a construction method that suppresses noise and vibration.
- the steel wall 3 of this embodiment is configured by combining a hat-shaped steel sheet pile 1 as a steel sheet pile and a steel pipe 2.
- the steel pipe 2 is in contact with the longitudinal direction of the hat-shaped steel sheet pile 1 along the longitudinal direction.
- the longitudinal direction of the hat-shaped steel sheet pile 1 and the steel pipe 2 is made parallel to each other, and the longitudinal direction thereof is the vertical direction.
- the hat-shaped steel sheet pile 1 extends to the left and right in parallel with the web 1a from the front end of the web 1a, a pair of flanges 1b extending obliquely so as to spread from both side edges of the web 1a, and the left and right flanges 1b.
- a pair of arms 1c and a joint 1d provided at the tip of the arm 1c are provided.
- the diameter of the steel pipe 2 is narrower than the width of the hat-shaped steel sheet pile 1, and the outer peripheral surface of the steel pipe 2 is in contact with the web 1 a in a state where it enters the valley-side surface of the hat-shaped steel sheet pile 1.
- the steel pipe 2 may be in contact with the left and right flanges 1b.
- the steel pipe 2 may be in contact with one or both of the left and right flanges 1b and the web 1a, but is preferably in contact with both the left and right flanges 1b. Further, as described later, the steel pipe 2 may be in contact with the surface on the mountain side of the hat-shaped steel sheet pile 1.
- the plurality of hat-shaped steel sheet piles 1 are in a state in which the steel sheet pile walls are constructed by connecting the joints 1d and arranging them in a row. Moreover, the hat-shaped steel sheet pile 1 and the steel pipe 2 are driven in the ground.
- the hat-shaped steel sheet pile 1 and the steel pipe 2 are joined together by welding, bolts or the like to be integrated, and the cross section may be held as an integrated beam structure.
- the hat-shaped steel sheet pile 1 and the steel pipe 2 may be brought into a state of being in contact with each other without being joined. That is, in some cases, the hat-shaped steel sheet pile 1 and the steel pipe 2 are arranged so that their longitudinal directions are parallel to each other so that they have the same bending behavior.
- a laminated beam structure may be used in consideration of processing effort and cost for integration by welding or bolts.
- the longitudinal displacement between the steel pipe 2 and the hat-shaped steel sheet pile 1 is allowed at the portion where the steel pipe 2 and the hat-shaped steel sheet pile 1 are in contact.
- it is set as the structure which receives earth pressure on the hat-shaped steel sheet pile 1 side (the side opposite to the surface which contact
- the steel pipe 2 and the hat-shaped steel sheet pile 1 may be temporarily joined partially. Furthermore, if the hat-shaped steel sheet pile 1 and the steel pipe 2 are joined to each other at the upper end portion of the steel wall 3 by coping, welding, bolts, drill screws, or the like, the rigidity can be increased.
- the steel pipes 2 are in contact with all the hat-shaped steel sheet piles 1 respectively. However, if the rigidity is within an allowable range, the steel pipe 2 can be thinned out by combining every other steel pipe 2 with the hat-shaped steel sheet pile 1 (that is, the steel pipes are discretely arranged). Can also).
- a sheet pile wall is formed from the steel sheet pile (hat-shaped steel sheet pile 1).
- the sheet pile wall is stiffened by the steel pipe 2 in contact with the steel sheet pile. Therefore, the steel wall 3 can obtain a higher water stop performance than the steel pipe sheet pile at the joint portion of the steel sheet pile wall made of the steel sheet pile. Furthermore, the steel wall 3 can obtain high rigidity by the steel pipe 2.
- the steel sheet pile and the steel pipe 2 function as a laminated beam structure. That is, the state in which the steel sheet pile and the steel pipe 2 are in contact includes a case where there is actually a slight gap between the steel sheet pile and the steel pipe 2. As long as the function as a stacked beam structure can be exhibited.
- FIG. 3 shows an example of a construction apparatus 11 using an earth auger.
- the construction apparatus 11 includes a leader mast 12 that can be raised and lowered by a heavy machine 20 such as a crawler and is vertically supported, and an auger drive unit 13 that is provided on the leader mast 12 so as to be movable up and down. Further, the construction apparatus 11 includes an auger screw (spiral auger) 14 as an excavating shaft connected to the auger driving unit 13 and driven to rotate, and a steel pipe setting unit for setting the steel pipe 2 below the auger driving unit 13. 15.
- a heavy machine 20 such as a crawler and is vertically supported
- an auger drive unit 13 that is provided on the leader mast 12 so as to be movable up and down.
- the construction apparatus 11 includes an auger screw (spiral auger) 14 as an excavating shaft connected to the auger driving unit 13 and driven to rotate, and a steel pipe setting unit for setting the steel pipe 2 below the auger driving unit 13. 15.
- the construction apparatus 11 includes a steel material gripping portion 17 for setting the hat-shaped steel sheet pile 1 when the steel pipe 2 and the hat-shaped steel sheet pile 1 are placed together on the ground, and the steel pipe 2 and the hat-shaped steel sheet pile 1.
- a hydraulic cylinder 18 for press-fitting into the ground, and an attachment 21 having an auger bit and joined to the tip of the auger screw 14 are provided.
- a combined steel sheet pile in which the steel pipe 2 and the hat-shaped steel sheet pile 1 are integrated, and a combined steel sheet pile joint in which the joint 1d of the combined steel sheet pile is first placed. It will be placed while fitting with 1d.
- the upper end of the steel pipe 2 is supported by the steel pipe setting part 15 and the auger screw 14 is inserted into the steel pipe 2.
- the hat-shaped steel sheet pile 1 may be gripped by the steel material gripping portion 17.
- the steel pipe 2 and the auger screw 14 are pressed downward by the hydraulic cylinder 18.
- the auger drive unit 13 rotates the auger screw 14 and the attachment 21 attached to the tip thereof and having an auger bit to excavate the ground.
- the excavation range 5 is slightly wider than the outer diameter of the steel pipe 2 and extends to the vicinity of the joint 1 d of the hat-shaped steel sheet pile 1.
- the same method as in the case of the above-mentioned integral beam structure can be used. Can be used.
- the hat-shaped steel sheet pile 1 and the steel pipe 2 may be driven separately.
- the excavation range 5 overlaps with the placement position of the hat-shaped steel sheet pile 1. Further, when two or more steel pipes 2 are driven in advance with respect to the hat-shaped steel sheet pile 1, the excavation range 5 is slightly expanded to include the entire driving position of the hat-shaped steel sheet pile 1 in the excavation range 5. You may do it.
- the steel pipe 2 and the hat-shaped steel sheet pile 1 may be driven separately after excavating the excavation range 5 with the construction apparatus 11 on which the steel pipe 2 is not set previously. Since the ground is excavated before the placement, the resistance force during the placement is reduced, and in this case, the placement can be performed by a hydraulic press-fitting method or the like with a small vibration.
- the excavation range 5 may be slightly expanded so that the entire placement position of the hat-shaped steel sheet pile 1 is included in the excavation range 5. Also in this case, since the valley-side surface of the hat-shaped steel sheet pile 1 is in contact with the outer surface of the steel pipe 2, the excavation range 5 is relatively small.
- the pitch of the steel pipe is set to a pitch that can be constructed with an existing hydraulic press machine, each of them is driven using the existing hydraulic press machine. Can do.
- the steel pipe or the like previously driven can be grasped and continuously driven in the wall direction.
- the steel pipe 2 may be driven by a rotary press-fitting method. According to the rotary press-fitting method, the reaction force of the placement can be relatively small, and the steel pipe 2 can be placed with high accuracy.
- the construction accuracy is increased when placing the H-shaped steel.
- the construction methods that can be adopted are limited. For example, in placing H-shaped steel, a reaction force stand is required, or when the ground is hard, the H-shaped steel itself is likely to be deformed, and the ground must be excavated with an auger or the like in advance.
- the steel sheet pile and the steel pipe 2 are joined at the upper end by coping, welding, bolts or drill screws after the placement.
- the steel wall 83 may be constructed by placing the steel pipe 2 on the existing steel sheet pile wall 6 while being attached.
- a steel beam pile (hat-shaped steel sheet pile 1) side is subjected to earth pressure by placing the steel pipe 2 on the opposite surface of the steel sheet pile wall 6 to the side opposite to the earth pressure receiving side. It can be a structure. Since the existing steel sheet pile wall 6 is not removed but used as it is, it is extremely rational.
- the steel pipe 2 When placing the steel pipe 2 along the steel sheet pile wall 6, if the upper part of the steel sheet pile wall 6 on which the steel pipe 2 is placed is exposed, the steel pipe 2 can be attached to the steel sheet pile wall 6. Easy. On the other hand, when coping concrete or the like is installed on the side of the steel sheet pile wall 6 where the steel pipe 2 is to be placed, the coping concrete is removed, and the upper portion of the steel sheet pile wall 6 is exposed to some extent before the steel pipe 2 is driven. It is easier to attach the steel pipe 2 to the steel sheet pile wall 6 when it is installed.
- the steel pipe 2 As a method for placing the steel pipe 2, it is preferable to place by a hydraulic press-fitting method if possible.
- a hydraulic press-fitting method it is preferable to place by a hydraulic press-fitting method if possible.
- the soil is hard and it is difficult to place by the hydraulic press-in method, it can be placed by a well-known rotary press-in method.
- the steel pipe 2 provided with a cutting bit at the tip may be rotationally press-fitted and placed along the steel sheet pile 1 while punching out the front concrete.
- the vibration is much smaller than at least the vibro hammer method, although not as much as the hydraulic press-in method.
- the steel wall 83 may be made of concrete.
- the steel wall 33 uses a Z-shaped steel sheet pile 31 as a steel sheet pile for making the sheet pile wall steel.
- the Z-shaped steel sheet pile 31 includes a web 31a, a pair of flanges 31b extending obliquely in opposite directions from both side edges of the web 31a, and a joint 31d provided at the tip of these flanges 31b. Therefore, it has a schematic shape in which the hat-shaped steel sheet pile 1 is halved.
- the steel sheet pile wall connected to the Z-shaped steel sheet pile 31 has substantially the same shape as the steel sheet pile wall connected to the hat-shaped steel sheet pile 1 except that the position of the joint 31d is different. That is, this steel sheet pile wall has a shape in which peaks and valleys are alternately repeated.
- Such a steel wall 33 is more suitable for a laminated beam structure in which the Z-shaped steel sheet pile 31 and the steel pipe 2 are not joined.
- the laminated beam is one of the construction methods of the steel wall 3 described above.
- the construction method in the case of a structure can be used suitably.
- the excavation range 35 by the construction apparatus 11 at this time is a range including almost the entire Z-shaped steel sheet pile 31 except for the vicinity of every other joint 31 that interferes with the excavation range 35.
- the joint 31d portion of the Z-shaped steel sheet pile 31 previously placed does not interfere with excavation by performing excavation first as described above, the entire excavation range includes the entire Z-shaped steel sheet pile 31. You can make it a little bigger.
- the Z-shaped steel sheet piles 31 may be driven one by one, or two Z-shaped steel sheet piles 31 fitted with the joints 31d and crimped may be set as a set.
- two Z-shaped steel sheet piles 31 are made into one set, it is possible to implement the construction method similar to the above-mentioned hat-shaped steel sheet pile 1 fundamentally.
- the Z-shaped steel sheet pile 31 may be press-fitted after the steel pipe 2 is driven by the digging method using the construction apparatus 11.
- the steel wall 43 uses a U-shaped steel sheet pile 41 as a steel sheet pile constituting the sheet pile wall.
- the U-shaped steel sheet pile 41 includes a web 41a, a pair of flanges 41b extending obliquely so as to spread from both side edges of the web 41a, and a joint 41d provided at the tip of these flanges 41b.
- the steel sheet pile wall to which the U-shaped steel sheet pile 41 is connected has substantially the same shape as the steel sheet pile wall to which the hat-shaped steel sheet pile 1 is connected, except for the position of the joint 41d, and peaks and valleys are alternately repeated. It has a different shape.
- the steel pipe 2 is arranged in a trough portion on one surface side of the steel sheet pile wall made of the U-shaped steel sheet pile 41, and a part of the steel pipe 2 is in a state of entering the trough portion.
- the U-shaped steel sheet pile 41 when viewed from one surface, the valley and the mountain are formed by different U-shaped steel sheet piles 41, so the steel pipe 2 is connected to every other U-shaped steel sheet pile 41. Will be placed.
- the outer peripheral surface of the steel pipe 2 is in contact with the left and right joints 41 d in a state of entering the valley portion of one U-shaped steel sheet pile 41.
- each flange 41 b of the U-shaped steel sheet pile 41 adjacent to the left and right of the U-shaped steel sheet pile 41 in which a part of the steel pipe 2 enters the valley side is in contact with the outer periphery of the steel pipe 2.
- the diameter of the steel pipe 2 is wider than the width of the U-shaped steel sheet pile 41.
- the diameter of the steel pipe 2 may be narrower than the width of the U-shaped steel sheet pile 41 so that the steel pipe 2 contacts the web 41a of the U-shaped steel sheet pile 41.
- Such a steel wall 43 is also suitable for the laminated beam structure, and in the construction, the construction method used in the laminated beam structure among the construction methods of the steel wall 3 described above can be suitably used.
- the construction method used in the laminated beam structure among the construction methods of the steel wall 3 described above can be suitably used.
- the excavation range 45 by the construction apparatus 11 at this time can be arranged such that the U-shaped steel sheet pile 41 in which the steel pipe 2 is not arranged on the valley side is arranged across the two excavation ranges 45. Therefore, even if the excavation range 45 is relatively narrow, the entire U-shaped steel sheet pile 41 enters the excavation range 45, so that the U-shaped steel sheet pile 41 can be easily pressed.
- the U-shaped steel sheet pile 41 may be press-fitted after the steel pipe 2 is driven by the digging method using the construction device 11.
- the steel wall 53 uses the U-shaped steel sheet pile 41 as a steel sheet pile which comprises a sheet pile wall similarly to the steel wall 43 shown in FIG.
- the diameter of the steel pipe 2 is narrower than the width of the U-shaped steel sheet pile 41, a part of the steel pipe 2 enters the valley side of the U-shaped steel sheet pile 41, and is in contact with the web 41a of the U-shaped steel sheet pile 41. It has become.
- the steel pipe 2 is arrange
- Such a steel wall 43 may be of either a single beam structure or a laminated beam structure, and an appropriate construction method among the construction methods of the steel wall 3 described above may be employed in the construction.
- the excavation range 55 has a diameter larger than the diameter of the steel pipe 2 and includes a portion excluding the joint 41d of the U-shaped steel sheet pile 41.
- a steel wall 63 that is a modification of the steel wall 3 will be described with reference to FIGS. 9 and 10.
- the steel pipe 2 is in contact with the valley-side web 1 a of the hat-shaped steel sheet pile 1 in the steel wall 3, whereas the steel pipe 2 is in contact with the peak-side web 1 a of the hat-shaped steel sheet pile 1. It is what I did. That is, the steel pipe 2 is in contact with the crest portion of one surface of the steel sheet pile wall.
- the steel pipe 2 and the hat-shaped steel sheet pile 1 can be joined and integrated to form the above-described integrated beam structure.
- rigidity higher than that of the steel wall 3 can be obtained. Therefore, the structure is effective when higher rigidity than that of the steel wall 3 is required.
- the steel wall 63 it can be set as the above-mentioned laminated beam structure, without joining the steel pipe 2 and the hat-shaped steel sheet pile 1.
- FIG. the rigidity becomes the same as when the steel wall 3 has a laminated beam structure.
- the installation range of the steel wall 63 width perpendicular to the direction in which the hat-shaped steel sheet piles 1 are arranged
- the construction method of the integral beam structure among the construction methods of the steel wall 3 can be suitably used. Therefore, in the construction of the steel wall 63, the steel pipe 2 is joined to the hat-shaped steel sheet pile 1 as described above, and the steel wall 63 is press-fitted while excavating using the construction apparatus 11. However, it is necessary to widen the excavation range 65 in order to excavate the portion where the hat-shaped steel sheet pile 1 is placed except for the vicinity of the joint 1d than in the case of the steel wall 3.
- the steel wall 73 is obtained by increasing the diameter of the steel pipe 2 with respect to the effective width of the hat-shaped steel sheet pile 1.
- the steel pipe 2 has high rigidity. Therefore, when high rigidity is required for the steel wall 73, a suitable structure is obtained.
- a part of the steel pipe 2 enters the valley portion of the hat-shaped steel sheet pile 1 and is in a state of being in contact with the flange 1b of the hat-shaped steel sheet pile 1 or the corner of the flange 1b and the arm 1c.
- the steel pipe 2 is not arrange
- the steel pipe 2 and the hat-shaped steel sheet pile 1 can be separately placed on the ground as described above.
- the auger screw 14 is inserted into the steel pipe 2 and press-fitted while excavating using the construction apparatus 11.
- the placement positions of the hat-shaped steel sheet piles 1 in which every other steel pipe 2 is not in contact are included in the adjacent excavation range 75.
- the placement position of the hat-shaped steel sheet pile 1 is excavated including the joint 1d portion of the hat-shaped steel sheet pile 1.
- the ground may be excavated by the construction apparatus 11 in which the steel pipe 2 is not set before placing the steel pipe 2 and the hat-shaped steel sheet pile 1.
- the steel pipe 2 and the hat-shaped steel sheet pile 1 may be placed on the ground excavated and softened.
- the steel wall 3 shown in FIG. 1 is described with reference to FIG. 5 using the existing steel sheet pile wall. Similarly to the above, by placing the steel pipe 2 along the steel sheet pile wall, a steel wall having a laminated beam structure can be obtained.
- the vertical length of the steel sheet pile (wall body) and the length of the steel pipe 2 may be different if necessary.
- the length (vertical length) in the longitudinal direction of the steel sheet pile wall (wall body 9) made of steel sheet piles is set to the length (vertical length) in the longitudinal direction of the steel pipe 2. It may be shortened. By shortening the length of the steel sheet pile, it is possible to make a rational design such that the length of the root insertion portion can be shortened compared to the case where they are the same length.
- the vertical length of the steel sheet pile wall (wall body 9) may be made longer than the length of the steel pipe 2.
- the vertical length of the steel pipe 2 is determined from the viewpoint of the rigidity of the steel walls 3, 33, 43, 53, 63, 73.
- the vertical length of the wall body 9 may be made longer than the steel pipe 2. .
- corner portions are formed in the steel walls 3, 33, 43, 53, 63, 73 when used in a deadline or the like.
- corner portions are formed in the steel walls 3, 33, 43, 53, 63, 73 when used in a deadline or the like.
- a steel pipe sheet pile joint 7 is provided in the steel pipe 2 at the corner portion, and the joint 1 d of the hat-shaped steel sheet pile 1 as a steel sheet pile is connected to the steel pipe sheet pile joint 7.
- the steel pipe 2 in which the steel sheet pile joint 7 is provided is disposed in a valley portion at an end on the corner side of one constituent wall dividing portion of two steel wall dividing portions perpendicular to each other sandwiching the corner portion of the corner.
- the hat-shaped steel sheet pile 1 in which the joint 1c is engaged with the steel sheet pile joint 7 of the steel pipe 2 is the hat-shaped steel sheet pile 1 on the most corner side of the other steel wall dividing portion.
- the arm 1c of the hat-shaped steel sheet pile 1 and its arm are attached to the steel pipe 2 arrange
- the joint portion 8 of the steel pipe 2 is connected to the joint 1d of the hat-shaped steel sheet pile 1 at the corner end of the other wall body portion that is perpendicular to the one wall body portion described above. Yes.
- the joint portion 8 may be, for example, one obtained by cutting a part (the arm 1c and the joint 1d) of the hat-shaped steel sheet pile 1 and welding the part to the steel pipe 2. Moreover, it is preferable that the joint part 8 of the steel pipe 2 and the arm 1c and joint 1d of the hat-shaped steel sheet pile 1 connected to the joint part 8 are arranged in a substantially straight line.
- a corner part As another structure of a corner part, as shown, for example in FIG. 19, it is a joint to both the steel pipes 2 arrange
- a tube 7 (tubular joint) is provided. You may make it connect these joint pipes 7 mutually.
- the corner portions of the component wall 3 are all connected by a joint, and no deviation occurs in the normal direction.
- the steel pipe 2 is arrange
- the joint provided in the steel pipe 2 is not limited to the annular steel pipe joint 7, and a steel sheet pile joint may be used as described above, or a joint with another joint structure may be used. In short, it is only necessary that the steel pipe 2 or the steel pipe 2 and the steel sheet pile be connected by a joint.
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Abstract
Description
そこで、前記特許文献2に示されるように、止水性能を高くし易い鋼矢板壁に形鋼を組み合わせることにより、剛性と高い止水性能とを兼ね備えた鋼製壁を構築できる。
また、本発明は、従来の組合せ鋼矢板では難しかった振動や騒音を抑えた工法を容易に適用できる鋼製壁の施工方法を提供することを目的とする。
鋼管または組合せ鋼矢板を地盤に打設する際には、鋼管内に掘削装置の掘削軸を挿入して、鋼管の下側を掘削しながら鋼管を圧入することが可能である。したがって、硬質地盤でも騒音の少ない施工ができる。
掘削装置により地盤を掘削する際には、鋼管の外径より広い範囲を掘削することによって、地盤の鋼矢板が打設される部分の少なくとも一部が掘削された状態になる。これにより、鋼矢板も打設時に地盤の抵抗を減少させることが可能になる。
掘削装置を用いて鋼管もしくは組合せ鋼矢板を打設する際には、鋼管もしくは組合せ鋼矢板の打設毎に掘削装置による掘削が行われる。したがって、施工開始時に空掘りを必要としない。また、掘削軸は鋼管内に挿入された状態であり、掘削軸が挿入される円筒状のケーシングを必要としない。したがって、鋼製壁の構築に際し、鋼管の根入れ長さに対応するケーシングを準備する必要がない。
この構造では、鋼管と鋼矢板との接合を必要とせず、接合作業にかかる加工手間をなくし、コストの低減を図ることができる。また、鋼矢板と鋼管とを別々にした状態で搬送することができるので、鋼矢板と鋼管とを接合した状態に比較して搬送効率を高めることができる。さらに、鋼管と鋼矢板を別々に施工することにより、鋼管を回転圧入することが可能になる。
一方、鋼製壁にかかる圧力が比較的小さい場合や、使用される鋼矢板や鋼管の剛性が高い場合には、山部分に対して離散的に鋼管を配置する。これにより、鋼製壁の鋼管の使用量を減らすことができ、コストの低減を図ることができる。
一方、鋼管の長手方向の長さよりも、壁体の長手方向の長さを長くするようにしてもよい。鋼管の上下長さは、鋼製壁の剛性の観点から決められる。このとき、壁体の上下長さが鋼管の長さと同程度ではボイリング、ヒービングや円弧すべりが懸念される場合は、壁体の上下長さを鋼管に対して長くすればよい。
前記鋼管と当該鋼管が接する前記鋼矢板とを、打設前に、互いの接触部分全長に渡って接合するか、または、当該接触部分の一部で接合して組合せ鋼矢板とし、
当該組合せ鋼矢板の前記鋼管内に掘削装置の掘削軸を挿入し、前記鋼管の下で前記掘削装置により前記鋼管の径よりも広い範囲の地盤を掘削しながら前記組合せ鋼矢板を打設することを特徴とする。
それに加えて、地盤を掘削しながら組合せ鋼矢板を地盤に打設するので、組合せ鋼矢板の断面積が広く、かつ、硬質地盤であっても、組合せ鋼矢板を騒音および振動が小さな中掘り工法により地盤に打設することが可能になる。また、掘削装置の掘削軸は鋼管内に挿入された状態であり、掘削装置の掘削軸が挿入される円筒状のケーシングを必要としない。
前記鋼管内に掘削装置の掘削軸を挿入し、前記鋼管の下で前記掘削装置により前記鋼管の径よりも広い範囲の地盤を掘削しながら前記鋼管を打設し、次いで当該鋼管と接する鋼矢板を打設することを特徴とする。
このとき、鋼管より広い径に渡って、地盤を掘削しながら鋼管を地盤に打設し、かつ、鋼管を打設した後にこの鋼管に接する鋼矢板を打設する。これによって、鋼管だけではなく、鋼管の周囲の掘削された部分の少なくとも一部に重なって打設される鋼矢板の打設も容易になる。また、請求項14に記載の発明と同様にケーシングを用いる必要がない。
掘削装置により鋼管径よりも広い範囲の地盤を掘削し、掘削した範囲に鋼矢板および鋼管を打設することを特徴とする。
さらに、回転圧入工法により鋼管を打設すれば、施工時に長手方向の曲がりが発生し難いため、鉛直方向に真っ直ぐに施工し易いうえに、比較的小さな反力で施工することができる。
図1および図2に示すように、この実施形態の鋼製壁3は、鋼矢板としてのハット形鋼矢板1と鋼管2とを組み合わせて構成されている。ハット形鋼矢板1の長手方向に、長手方向を沿わせて鋼管2が接している。ここでは、ハット形鋼矢板1および鋼管2がそれらの長手方向が互い平行にされているとともに、それらの長手方向が鉛直方向になっている。
鋼製壁3の施工においては、硬質地盤であっても、騒音や振動が小さな工法によりハット形鋼矢板1および鋼管2を地盤に打設できることが好ましい。たとえば、掘削装置としてのアースオーガを用いる施工装置を用いて鋼管2もしくは鋼管2とハット形鋼矢板1との組合せ鋼矢板を地盤に打設するのが好ましい。
鋼矢板1と鋼管2とを別々に打設する場合、鋼管2を回転圧入法で打設してもよい。回転圧入法によれば打設の反力が比較的小さくて済み、かつ、精度良く鋼管2を打設することができる。
また、掘削装置としてのアースオーガを用いた施工装置11の掘削軸であるオーガスクリュー14を鋼管2内部に挿入した状態で、鋼管2もしくは鋼管2と鋼矢板の下側の地盤を鋼管2の外径より広い範囲に渡って掘削している。このように掘削しながら鋼管2もしくは鋼管2と鋼矢板を地盤に圧入している。したがって、硬質地盤であっても、小さな騒音および振動で鋼製壁3を施工することができる。
Z形鋼矢板31は、ウェブ31aと、ウェブ31aの両側縁から互いに逆方向に斜めに延出する一対のフランジ31bと、これらフランジ31bの先端部に設けられた継手31dとを備える。よって、ハット形鋼矢板1を半分にした概略形状を有する。このZ形鋼矢板31を連結した鋼矢板壁は、継手31dの位置が異なる以外は、ハット形鋼矢板1を連結した鋼矢板壁と略同形状になる。すなわち、この鋼矢板壁は、山と谷とが交互に繰り返された形状になっている。
鋼矢板にハット形鋼矢板やZ形鋼矢板を適用した場合には、後述のU形鋼矢板を適用した場合と比較して、鋼矢板どうしの位置ずれを考慮する必要がないので、鋼矢板の持つそのままの剛性と鋼管の持つ剛性の足し合せとした重な梁構造として見ることができる。
U形鋼矢板41は、ウェブ41aと、ウェブ41aの両側縁から互いに広がるように斜め延出する一対のフランジ41bと、これらフランジ41bの先端部に設けられた継手41dとを備えるものである。このU形鋼矢板41を連結した鋼矢板壁は、継手41dの位置が異なる以外は、ハット形鋼矢板1を連結した鋼矢板壁と略同形状になり、山と谷とが交互に繰り返された形状になっている。
また、1つおきのU形鋼矢板41ではなく、各U形鋼矢板41に鋼管2が配置されている。この場合に、U形鋼矢板41の山側と谷側との配置が1つおきに逆になっているので、鋼管2はU形鋼矢板41からなる鋼矢板壁の2つの面に交互に配置されている。
また、鋼管2は、各ハット形鋼矢板1毎に配置されるのではなく、1つおきのハット形鋼矢板1に配置されるようになっている。なお、ハット形鋼矢板1に対して2つおき等のように1つおきより広い間隔があくように鋼管2を配置してもよい。
例えば、図13に示すように、鋼管2の長手方向の長さ(上下長さ)に対して、鋼矢板からなる鋼矢板壁(壁体9)の長手方向の長さ(上下長さ)を短くしてもよい。鋼矢板の長さを短くすることで、これらを同じ長さとしたときよりも、根入れ部の長さを短くできる等の合理的な設計が可能になる。
一方、図14に示すように、鋼管2の長さよりも、鋼矢板壁(壁体9)の上下長さを長くすることもありうる。鋼管2の上下長さは、鋼製壁3,33,43,53,63,73の剛性の観点から決められる。このとき、壁体9の上下長さが鋼管2の長さと同程度ではボイリング、ヒービングや円弧すべりが懸念される場合は、壁体9の上下長さを、鋼管2に対して長くすればよい。
ここで、鋼管2が配置された側の面が内側となるコーナー部を形成する場合には 、以下のような問題が生じる。
鋼矢板継手7が設けられる鋼管2は、コーナーの角部を挟む互い直角な二つの鋼製壁分割部のうちの一方の構成壁分割部のコーナー側の端の谷部分に配置される。この鋼管2の鋼矢板継手7に継手1cが係合されるハット形鋼矢板1は、他方の鋼製壁分割部の最もコーナー側のハット形鋼矢板1である。
このハット形鋼矢板1の継手1dのアーム1c側部分を前記鋼管2の鋼管矢板用継手7のスリットに上下に通すことにより、鋼管2の鋼管矢板用継手7と、ハット形鋼矢板1とが連結された状態になる。
この鋼管2の継手部分8には、上述の一方の壁体部分に対して直角になる他方の壁体部分のコーナー側の端のハット形鋼矢板1の継手1dが連結される構成になっている。
前記継手部分8は、例えば、ハット形鋼矢板1の一部(アーム1cおよび継手1d)を切断し、この一部を鋼管2に溶接したものであってもよい。また、鋼管2の継手部分8と、この継手部分8に連結されるハット形鋼矢板1のアーム1cおよび継手1dとが、略直線状に配置される構成になっていることが好ましい。
上述の三つのコーナー部の構成においては、いずれも構成壁3のコーナー部が継手で連結されるとともに、法線方向にずれが生じない。また、コーナー部に鋼管2が配置される。それに加えて、この鋼管2に隣り合う鋼管2が互いに直交する二つの方向でそれぞれ近接して配置されるので、コーナー部でも剛性を確保することができる。
なお、鋼管2に設けられる継手は、環状の鋼管用継手7に限られるものではなく、上述のように鋼矢板の継手を用いてもよいし、あるいはその他の継手構造の継手を用いてもよく、要は、継手で、鋼管2どうしもしくは鋼管2と鋼矢板とを連結できる構造となっていればよい。
2 鋼管
3 鋼製壁
5 掘削範囲
6 既設の鋼矢板壁
11 アースオーガを用いる施工装置
14 オーガスクリュー(掘削軸)
31 Z形鋼矢板(鋼矢板)
33 鋼製壁
35 掘削範囲
41 U形鋼矢板(鋼矢板)
43 鋼製壁
45 掘削範囲
53 鋼製壁
55 掘削範囲
63 鋼製壁
65 掘削範囲
73 鋼製壁
75 掘削範囲
83 鋼製壁
Claims (18)
- 複数の鋼矢板が継手により連結されて壁体が設けられるとともに、前記壁体の全てまたは一部の前記鋼矢板に鋼管がその長手方向を前記鋼矢板の長手方向に沿わせて接していることを特徴とする鋼製壁。
- 前記鋼矢板と前記鋼管とが接している部分で前記鋼矢板と前記鋼管との長手方向の位置ずれが規制されていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の鋼製壁。
- 前記鋼矢板と前記鋼管とが接している部分で前記鋼矢板と前記鋼管との長手方向の位置ずれが許容されていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の鋼製壁。
- 前記鋼矢板と前記鋼管とは前記壁体の上端部で接合されていることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の鋼製壁。
- 前記接合が、コーピング、溶接、ボルトまたはドリルねじによるものであることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の鋼製壁。
- 前記鋼管は、前記壁体の一方の面または両方の面に配置されていることを特徴とする請求項1から請求項5のいずれか1項に記載の鋼製壁。
- 前記壁体は、山と谷とを繰り返す略波状に形成され、
前記鋼管は、前記壁体の谷部分に入り込んで前記鋼矢板に接していることを特徴とする請求項1から請求項6のいずれか1項に記載の鋼製壁。 - 前記鋼管は、前記壁体の一方の面に連続的に並んで形成されている複数の谷部分に連続的または離散的に設けられていることを特徴とする請求項7に記載の鋼製壁。
- 前記壁体は、山と谷とを繰り返す略波状に形成され、
前記鋼管は、前記壁体の山部分側で前記鋼矢板に接していることを特徴とする請求項1から請求項6のいずれか1項に記載の鋼製壁。 - 前記鋼管は、前記壁体の一方の面に連続的に並んで形成されている複数の山部分に連続的または離散的に設けられていることを特徴とする請求項9に記載の鋼製壁。
- 前記鋼矢板と前記鋼管とは、それぞれの長手方向の長さが互いに異なることを特徴とする請求項1から請求項10のいずれか1項に記載の鋼製壁。
- 前記壁体とこの壁体に接する前記鋼管とを備えるとともに、互いに延在方向が異なる少なとも2つの鋼製壁分割部を備え、
2つの前記鋼製壁分割部の端部同士が突き合わされることによりコーナー部が設けられ、
2つの前記鋼製壁分割部のうちの一方の前記鋼製壁分割部の前記コーナー部側の端部に配置される前記鋼管には継手が設けられ、
この鋼管の継手と他方の前記鋼製壁分割部の前記コーナー部側の端部の鋼矢板の継手とが連結されていることを特徴とする請求項1から請求項11のいずれか1項に記載の鋼製壁。 - 前記壁体とこの壁体に接する前記鋼管とを備えるとともに、互いに延在方向が異なる少なとも2つの鋼製壁分割部を備え、
2つの前記鋼製壁分割部の端部同士が突き合わされることによりコーナー部が設けられ、
2つの前記鋼製壁分割部それぞれの前記コーナー部側の端部に配置される前記鋼管には継手が設けられ、
これら継手が互いに連結されていることを特徴とする請求項1から請求項11のいずれか1項に記載の鋼製壁。 - 複数の鋼矢板が継手により連結されて壁体が設けられるとともに、前記壁体の全てまたは一部の前記鋼矢板に鋼管がその長手方向を前記鋼矢板の長手方向に沿わせて接している鋼製壁の施工方法であって、
前記鋼管と当該鋼管が接する前記鋼矢板とを、打設前に、互いの接触部分全長に渡って接合するか、または、当該接触部分の一部で接合して組合せ鋼矢板とし、
当該組合せ鋼矢板の前記鋼管内に掘削装置の掘削軸を挿入し、前記鋼管の下で前記掘削装置により前記鋼管の径よりも広い範囲の地盤を掘削しながら前記組合せ鋼矢板を打設することを特徴とする鋼製壁の施工方法。 - 複数の鋼矢板が継手により連結されて壁体が設けられるとともに、前記壁体の全てまたは一部の前記鋼矢板に鋼管がその長手方向を前記鋼矢板の長手方向に沿わせて接している鋼製壁の施工方法であって、
前記鋼管内に掘削装置の掘削軸を挿入し、前記鋼管の下で前記掘削装置により前記鋼管の径よりも広い範囲の地盤を掘削しながら前記鋼管を打設し、次いで当該鋼管と接する鋼矢板を打設することを特徴とする鋼製壁の施工方法。 - 複数の鋼矢板が継手により連結されて壁体が設けられるとともに、前記壁体の全てまたは一部の前記鋼矢板に鋼管がその長手方向を前記鋼矢板の長手方向に沿わせて接している鋼製壁の施工方法であって、
掘削装置により鋼管径よりも広い範囲の地盤を掘削し、掘削した範囲に鋼矢板および鋼管を打設することを特徴とする鋼製壁の施工方法。 - 複数の鋼矢板が継手により連結されて壁体が設けられ、かつ、前記壁体の全てまたは一部の前記鋼矢板に鋼管がその長手方向を前記鋼矢板の長手方向に沿わせて接している鋼製壁の施工方法であって、
既設の前記壁体に、前記鋼管を添わせながら打設することを特徴とする鋼製壁の施工方法。 - 複数の鋼矢板が継手により連結されて、山と谷とを繰り返す略波状の壁体が設けられるとともに、前記壁体の一方の面に形成されている複数の谷部分または山部分に前記鋼管が設けられ、かつ、前記鋼管は、その長手方向を前記鋼矢板の長手方向に沿わせて前記鋼矢板に接している鋼製壁の施工方法であって、
前記鋼管を、油圧圧入工法または回転圧入工法を用いて打設することを特徴とする鋼製壁の施工方法。
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