WO2011074631A1 - 電解液中のフッ化水素を除去する精製器 - Google Patents
電解液中のフッ化水素を除去する精製器 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011074631A1 WO2011074631A1 PCT/JP2010/072638 JP2010072638W WO2011074631A1 WO 2011074631 A1 WO2011074631 A1 WO 2011074631A1 JP 2010072638 W JP2010072638 W JP 2010072638W WO 2011074631 A1 WO2011074631 A1 WO 2011074631A1
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- hydrogen fluoride
- purifier
- water
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- electrolyte
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D15/00—Separating processes involving the treatment of liquids with solid sorbents; Apparatus therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D15/00—Separating processes involving the treatment of liquids with solid sorbents; Apparatus therefor
- B01D15/08—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
- B01J20/34—Regenerating or reactivating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J41/00—Anion exchange; Use of material as anion exchangers; Treatment of material for improving the anion exchange properties
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J41/00—Anion exchange; Use of material as anion exchangers; Treatment of material for improving the anion exchange properties
- B01J41/08—Use of material as anion exchangers; Treatment of material for improving the anion exchange properties
- B01J41/18—Carbon, coal or tar
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D24/00—Filters comprising loose filtering material, i.e. filtering material without any binder between the individual particles or fibres thereof
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S210/00—Liquid purification or separation
- Y10S210/902—Materials removed
- Y10S210/915—Fluorine containing
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a non-aqueous electrolyte manufacturing process for use in a lithium ion secondary battery and a purification apparatus used in the manufacturing process of a lithium ion secondary battery.
- the present invention relates to a purification apparatus for removing hydrogen fluoride by passing a hydrogen fluoride-containing non-aqueous electrolyte and further removing moisture.
- Lithium ion secondary battery has a positive electrode material applied to aluminum foil and a negative electrode material applied to copper foil facing each other through an insulating porous polyethylene film so that electrical contact does not occur.
- the gap is filled with an electrolytic solution in which an electrolyte and an additive are dissolved in a non-aqueous solvent such as carbonate ester.
- a fluoride-based electrolyte having good characteristics in terms of conductivity, potential window, interaction with metal, etc. is often used.
- these fluorides have the property of liberating hydrogen fluoride by hydrolysis, and the resulting hydrogen fluoride causes problems such as dissolution of the electrode material and corrosion of the current collector, thereby lowering battery performance. Arise.
- the electrolyte and / or the electrode material contain a compound that adsorbs hydrogen fluoride.
- synthetic hydrotalcites known as intercalating substances (Patent Document 1) and organic synthetic hydrotalcites (Patent Document 2) have been proposed as excellent hydrogen fluoride removing substances.
- These hydrotalcite compounds have a laminated structure, and have an action of adsorbing and fixing hydrogen fluoride molecules and possibly water molecules between layers.
- the present invention improves the performance of the electrolyte charged in the lithium ion secondary battery and affects the properties such as the discharge capacity by sufficiently reducing not only the moisture in the electrolyte but also hydrogen fluoride in the production process.
- An object of the present invention is to improve the life characteristics of a lithium secondary battery without adding a hydrogen fluoride-adsorbing substance that gives a hydrogen content to the battery.
- the present invention provides a refining apparatus in which a purifier for removing hydrogen fluoride containing synthetic hydrotalcites and a purifier for removing water containing a water adsorbent are connected in this order from upstream to downstream. .
- the reason for using the water purifier on the downstream side is to remove water generated when an exchange reaction between carbonate ions and hydrogen fluoride occurs by synthetic hydrotalcite.
- the present invention also provides a purification apparatus according to (1), wherein a pre-water removal purifier containing a water adsorbent is connected upstream of the hydrogen fluoride removal purifier. To do.
- the pre-water removal purifier is used on the upstream side to prevent the solvent in the electrolyte from being hydrolyzed when the electrolyte contains a lot of water. It is not necessary to use it when there are few.
- individual purifiers may be piped, or instead, a single housing is partitioned and each of the adsorbents is sequentially accommodated therein. You may comprise the refiner
- the concentration of hydrogen fluoride is 5 ppmw per 1 g of carbonated hydrotalcite, Preferably, it can be reduced to 1 ppmw, more preferably 0.5 ppmw or less, whereby an electrolyte solution (comprising a lithium compound electrolyte and a solvent) necessary for a lithium secondary battery can be prepared. Moreover, it becomes possible to reduce a water
- the present invention can remove hydrogen fluoride in an electrolytic solution that has been difficult to reduce only by moisture management.
- hydrogen fluoride can be removed at the final stage of the manufacturing process, the manufacturing cost can be reduced along with the reduction in moisture management.
- a hydrogen fluoride removing and purifying device having the above-described configuration, or a purifying apparatus having a hydrogen fluoride removing and purifying device and a moisture removing and purifying device, sufficient hydrogen fluoride removal and moisture removal can be achieved, and lithium ions can be removed. It is not necessary to mix a hydrogen fluoride removing substance in the electrolyte solution of the secondary battery, and a long-life lithium ion secondary battery can be provided.
- FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing an example of a purifier that can be used in the present invention.
- FIG. 2 shows the configuration of a purification apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. (A) shows the first embodiment and (b) shows the second embodiment.
- a fluorine-containing lithium salt is used as the electrolyte of the nonaqueous electrolytic solution containing water to be purified by the present invention.
- the lithium salt such as described in the literature 2, LiPF 6, LiBF 4, LiAsF 6, LiSbF 6, LiCF 3 SO 3, LiC 2 F 5 SO 3, LiC 4 F 9 SO 3, Examples include LiN (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 , LiN (C 2 F 5 SO 2 ) 2 , LiC (CF 3 SO 2 ) 3 , and LiPF 2 ⁇ (COO) 2 ⁇ 2 .
- LiPF 6 , LiBF 4 , LiAsF 6 , LiSbF 6, etc. are prone to hydrolysis. Therefore, the electrolytic solution containing these is purified by the purification apparatus of the present invention before being taken into the lithium battery, and in the presence of moisture. To remove hydrogen fluoride generated by hydrolysis.
- organic solvent for dissolving the electrolyte examples include dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), methyl ethyl carbonate (MEC), ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), and mixtures thereof.
- the organic solvent for dissolving the electrolyte is preferably a mixture of the above carbonate esters.
- adsorbents such as activated alumina and synthetic zeolite are known as adsorbents capable of adsorbing moisture in the electrolyte, and may be appropriately selected and employed.
- Moisture is generated when hydrogen fluoride and metal hydroxide or metal oxide react to produce metal fluoride in the hydrogen fluoride removal purifier of the present invention, or fluoridation by synthetic hydrotalcite Since it also occurs by hydrogen / carbonate ion substitution reaction, it is necessary to immediately remove the by-product water in the water removal purifier after purifying the electrolyte with a hydrogen fluoride removal purifier containing synthetic hydrotalcites. . It is preferable to remove moisture using a similar adsorbent capable of adsorbing moisture in the non-aqueous electrolyte also upstream of the hydrogen fluoride removal purifier.
- synthetic hydrotalcite used in the present invention one obtained by intercalating carbonate ions or one obtained by decarboxylation of carbonated hydrotalcite by firing at 500 ° C. or higher is employed. Both have good hydrogen fluoride adsorption ability, but the firing type is more preferable because there is little by-product of water.
- Carbonated hydrotalcite has the structural formula [M 2+ 1 ⁇ x M 3+ x (OH) 2 ] x + [(CO 3 ) x / 2 ⁇ mH 2 O] x ⁇ (m ⁇ 0, m depends on treatment temperature ),
- the firing type is structural formula M 2+ 1-x M 3+ x O 1 + x / 2 (where 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.33, M 2+ is divalent Mg, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu) , And Zn metal ions, M 3+ are trivalent Al, Fe, Cr, Co, and In metal ions), and in particular, the structural formula [Mg 1-x Al x (OH) 2 ] x + [(CO 3 ) x / 2 ⁇ mH 2 O] x ⁇ , or Mg 1-x Al x O 1 + x / 2 can be employed.
- Mg 1-x Al x (OH) 2 is a metal hydroxide sheet
- CO 3 is an interlayer ion.
- KYOWARD 500 series manufactured by Kyowa Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.
- KW2000 series manufactured by Kyowa Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.
- Such synthetic hydrotalcites can immobilize hydrogen fluoride by exchanging carbonate ions and fluoride ions in the carbonate type, and by adsorption of hydrogen fluoride in the calcined type. This substance can also adsorb water molecules, but is less effective than hydrogen fluoride adsorption. Therefore, in the present invention, another moisture removing adsorbent is used for removing moisture.
- the purifier for removing hydrogen fluoride has a mesh for preventing the adsorbent from flowing out at both ends of a cylindrical housing filled with granular hydrogen fluoride adsorbent, and screws as electrolyte inlet and outlet. It consists of a fitting attached. Any purifier for removing water can be used, but a purifier having the same structure as the purifier for removing hydrogen fluoride may be used.
- FIG. 1 illustrates an adsorber.
- adsorbent particles 2 of synthetic hydrotalcite which is a hydrogen fluoride adsorbent
- the purifier 1 includes a cylindrical body 3 made of an inert material such as stainless steel and synthetic resin, disk-shaped end plates 5 and 7 provided at both ends of the body, It has an electrolyte inlet member 9 and an electrolyte outlet member 11 penetrating the end plate, and connecting portions 13 and 15 between the body 3 and the end plates 5 and 7 and a connecting portion between the end plate 7 and the outlet member 11.
- Each 17 is welded and is in a completely liquid-tight state.
- connection portion between the end plate 5 and the electrolyte inlet member 9 needs to form an opening that allows the adsorbent particles to be filled or exchanged
- a female screw is provided on the inner peripheral surface of the opening portion 8 of the end plate 5 on the inlet side. 19 is formed, and an external thread 20 is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the inlet member 9.
- An annular support member 21 is welded or screwed to the inner end of the inlet member 9.
- a porous cylinder 23 made of ceramic, preferably metal, is screwed or welded to the support member 21 in advance, and the porous cylinder 23 is closed with a cap 25 by screwing or welding.
- a porous ceramic, preferably metal, cylinder 27 is connected to the inner end of the outlet member 11 in advance by screw connection or welding, and the porous cylinder 27 is closed by a cap 29.
- the cap can be fixed to the porous cylinder 27 by screws or any other method.
- the porous cylinder 23 on the upstream side may be a porous body having relatively coarse pores, but the porous cylinder 27 on the downstream side needs to have fine pores that do not allow fine powder of purified material to pass through.
- the inlet member 9 is closed by a threaded cap 33 and the outlet member 11 is closed by a threaded cap 35.
- the same housing is divided into two or three with a perforated partition, and two or three kinds of adsorbents are inserted as described in the above paragraph [0007] to form an integrated structure It is also possible to make it.
- FIG. 2A illustrates the purification apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 illustrates the purification apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2B illustrates a purification apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention, in which an electrolyte inlet 200 from the upstream to the downstream, a pre-water removal purifier 201 containing a moisture adsorbent, a connection pipe line 202,
- the purification apparatus which connected the refiner
- Example Removal of moisture An experiment was conducted to demonstrate the effect of the present invention.
- a moisture (water) removal experiment was conducted using dimethyl carbonate, which is used as a solvent for an electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery, and toluene.
- Experiment 1 Put 10 g of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and 1 g of granular activated alumina (AA fine product AA-300 series, particle size 8 ⁇ 14 mesh, manufactured by DK Fine Co., Ltd.) into a brown bottle with a lid, and further variable amount of deionized water (ultra pure water) was added. After standing for 19 hours, the moisture concentration in dimethyl carbonate was measured using a Karl Fischer moisture meter (CA-06, manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation).
- Table 1 shows the composition of the sample and the measurement results.
- Experiment 2 10 g of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and 1 g of granular zeolite (MS) (Molecular sieve 3A manufactured by Union Showa Co., Ltd., particle size 14 ⁇ 30 mesh) are placed in a brown bottle with a lid, and a variable amount of deionized water (ultra pure water) ) And left for 19 hours, and then the water concentration in dimethyl carbonate was measured using a Karl Fischer moisture meter.
- Table 2 shows the composition of the sample and the measurement results.
- Experiment 3 Put 10 g of toluene and 1 g of granular synthetic zeolite (MS) (Molecular sieve 3A manufactured by Union Showa Co., Ltd., particle size 14 ⁇ 30 mesh) into a brown bottle with a lid, and add a variable amount of deionized water (ultra pure water). After standing for 19 hours, the water concentration in dimethyl carbonate was measured using a Karl Fischer moisture meter. Table 3 shows the composition of the sample and the measurement results.
- MS granular synthetic zeolite
- a normal electrolyte solution (a solution containing a fluorine-containing electrolyte dissolved in an organic solvent) contains about 10-100 ppmw of water at the production stage. What is necessary is just to be able to reduce water to 100 ppmw or less with the pre-water removal purifier installed. In addition, it is sufficient that the moisture removing and purifying device disposed downstream of the hydrogen fluoride removing and purifying device can reduce the moisture to 10 ppmw or less. As shown in Tables 1 to 3, the results obtained in this experiment are sufficiently satisfactory.
- Table 4 shows the results of adding 5 g of activated alumina A (AA-300 series, particle size 8 ⁇ 14 mesh, manufactured by DK Fine Co., Ltd.) to a DMC solution prepared in the same manner. Further, as Comparative Example 2, the measurement result of the fluoride ion concentration after leaving the DMC solution prepared in the same manner for 1 hour without adding the adsorbent is also shown.
- activated alumina A AA-300 series, particle size 8 ⁇ 14 mesh, manufactured by DK Fine Co., Ltd.
- Hydrogen fluoride removal experiment 5 A synthetic hydrotalcite (Kyowa Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. KW2000 series) 1.4 g was packed into a stainless steel column having an internal volume of 3.4 mL to prepare a test filter. Immediately after opening, an electrolyte for a lithium ion secondary battery (LBG-96533 manufactured by Kishida Chemical Co., Ltd.) having a hydrogen fluoride concentration of 26 ppmw was supplied at a flow rate of 1 mL per minute. The fluoride ion concentration in the electrolyte solution that passed through the filter was measured using an ion chromatograph analyzer (DX-120 manufactured by Dionex). Table 5 shows the measurement results.
- the fluoride ion concentration in the electrolyte solution passed through the test filter was less than 10 ppmw.
- the test filter showed a remarkable effect of removing hydrogen fluoride with respect to the electrolytic solution having a low initial fluoride ion concentration.
- the hydrogen fluoride removal rate was calculated by the following formula. (1- (x / y)) ⁇ 100 x: Fluoride ion concentration (ppmw) in the electrolyte passing through the filter y: Fluoride ion concentration in the initial electrolyte (that is, 240 ppmw)
- Experiment 7 2 g of synthetic zeolite (manufactured by Tosoh Corporation) was packed in a stainless steel column having an internal volume of 3.4 mL to prepare a test filter. Also, an electrolyte solution for lithium ion secondary batteries (Kishida Chemical Co., Ltd., LBG-96533) is supplied to the test filter at a flow rate of 1 mL / min. While gradually adding a small amount of water, the water concentration in the electrolyte at the inlet and outlet of the test filter was measured with a Karl Fischer moisture meter (Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation CA-06).
- the present invention is a purifying apparatus in which a purifier for removing hydrogen fluoride and a purifier for removing water are connected in this order from upstream to downstream. From the results of Experiment 7, it can be seen that water can be effectively removed by the water purifier for downstream. Therefore, even if water by-product occurs in the hydrogen fluoride removing purifier, it can be said that according to the present invention, the water contained in the electrolytic solution at the outlet of the purifier can be reduced to less than 10 ppmw.
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2009年12月17日に、日本に出願された特願2009-286334号に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
本発明は製造工程において電解液中の水分のみならずフッ化水素も充分に減少することにより、リチウムイオン二次電池内に装入される電解質の性能を高め、また放電容量等の性質に影響を与えるフッ化水素吸着物質を電池内に添加せずに、リチウム二次電池の寿命特性を改善することを目的とする。
下流側に水分除去用精製器を使用するのは、合成ハイドロタルサイトによる炭酸イオンとフッ化水素の交換反応が起きた際などに生成する水分を除去するためである。
(2)本発明はまた、前記(1)の精製装置において、前記フッ化水素除去用精製器の上流側に、水分吸着材を収容した前置水分除去用精製器を接続した精製装置を提供する。
上流側に前置水分除去用精製器を使用するのは、電解液が水分を多く含んでいる場合に電解液中の溶媒が加水分解されるのを防ぐためであり、電解液中の水分が少ない場合には使用する必要がない。
上記(1)、(2)の精製装置は、個別の精製器を管路してもよいし、代わりに1つのハウジングを区画してその中に上記のそれぞれの吸着材を順に収容して複数の精製器が一体になった精製装置を構成してもよい。
合成ハイドロタルサイト類としては炭酸型ハイドロタルサイト類、あるいは、炭酸型ハイドロタルサイトを500℃以上で焼成し、脱炭酸した焼成型ハイドロタルサイトを使用する。この型の合成ハイドロタルサイトを用いて電解液中のフッ化水素の初期の濃度を30ppmw(parts per million weight)としたとき、炭酸型ハイドロタルサイト類1gにつき、フッ化水素の濃度を5ppmw、好ましくは1ppmw、さらに好ましくは0.5ppmw以下に減少させることが可能であり、それによりリチウム二次電池に必要な電解液(リチウム化合物電解質と溶媒よりなる)を調製することが可能となる。また水分除去精製器を併用することで水分(水)を10ppmw以下に減少させることが可能となる。
上記の構成を有するフッ化水素除去精製器、またはフッ化水素除去精製器と水分除去精製器とを有する精製装置を使用することにより、十分なフッ化水素除去及び水分除去が可能となり、リチウムイオン二次電池の電解液内にフッ化水素除去物質を混入する必要がなくなり、長寿命のリチウムイオン二次電池を提供することができる。
電解質を溶解する有機溶剤としては、上記の炭酸エステル類の混合物であることが好ましい。
フッ化水素除去精製器の上流側でも非水電解液中の水分を吸着できる同様な吸着材を用いて水分を除去することが好ましい。
また、上記の構造の代わりに、同じハウジング内を有孔隔壁で2つ又は3つに区画し、上記段落[0007]で述べたように二種又は三種の吸着材を装入して一体構造にすることも可能である。
図2(b)は、本発明の第2実施例による精製装置を例示し、上流から下流に電解液入口200、水分吸着材を収容した前置水分除去用精製器201、接続管路202、合成ハイドロタルサイト類を収容したフッ化水素除去用精製器203、接続管路204、水分吸着材を収容した水分除去用精製器205、及び精製電解液出口206をこの順に接続した精製装置を示す。
水分の除去
本発明の効果を実証するための実験を行った。リチウム二次電池用の電解質の溶媒として利用されている炭酸ジメチルと、トルエンとを用いて水分(水)の除去実験を行った。
実験1
炭酸ジメチル(DMC)10gと粒状活性アルミナ(株式会社デーケーファイン製AA-300シリーズ、粒径 8×14メッシュ)1gを蓋つき褐色瓶に入れ、さらに可変量の脱イオン水(超純水)を加えた。19時間放置したのち炭酸ジメチル中の水分濃度をカールフィッシャー水分計(三菱化学(株)製 CA-06)を用いて測定した。試料の配合と測定結果を表1に示す。
実験2
炭酸ジメチル(DMC)10gと粒状ゼオライト(MS)(ユニオン昭和(株)製 モレキュラーシーブ 3A、粒径 14×30メッシュ)1gを蓋つき褐色瓶に入れ、さらに可変量の脱イオン水(超純水)を加え、19時間放置したのち炭酸ジメチル中の水分濃度をカールフィッシャー水分計を用いて測定した。試料の配合と測定結果を表2に示す。
実験3
トルエン10gと粒状合成ゼオライト(MS)(ユニオン昭和(株)製 モレキュラーシーブ3A、粒径14×30メッシュ)1gを蓋つき褐色瓶に入れ、さらに可変量の脱イオン水(超純水)を加え、19時間放置したのち炭酸ジメチル中の水分濃度をカールフィッシャー水分計を用いて測定した。試料の配合と測定結果を表3に示す。
本発明の効果を実証するための実験を行った。
実験4
炭酸ジメチル(DMC)10gに、フッ化物イオン濃度2000ppmwのフッ酸を50μL加え、フッ化物イオン濃度10ppmwのDMC溶液を調製した。これに吸着材として炭酸型ハイドロタルサイト(HTS)(キョーワード500 SNタイプ)1gを加えて振り混ぜた。
吸着材添加の1時間後、この溶液を超純水によりそれぞれ100倍に希釈し、フッ化物イオン濃度をイオンクロマトグラフィーで測定した結果を表4に示す。比較例1として、同じ様に調製したDMC溶液に活性アルミナA(株式会社デーケーファイン製AA-300シリーズ、 粒径 8×14メッシュ)5gを添加した結果を表4に示した。また比較例2として、同じ様に調製したDMC溶液を吸着材を添加せずに1時間放置した後のフッ化物イオン濃度の測定結果も示した。
実験5
合成ハイドロタルサイト(協和化学工業(株)製KW2000シリーズ)1.4gを内容積3.4mLのステンレス鋼製カラムに充填し、試験用フィルタを作製した。これに、開封直後で、フッ化水素濃度が26ppmwであるリチウムイオン2次電池用電解液(キシダ化学(株)製LBG-96533)を毎分1mLの流量で供給した。フィルタを通過した電解液中のフッ化物イオン濃度をイオンクロトマトグラフ分析計(ダイオネクス製 DX-120)を使用して測定した。測定結果を表5に示す。
合成ハイドロタルサイト(協和化学工業(株)製KW2000シリーズ)1.4gを内容積3.4mLのステンレス鋼製カラムに充填し、試験用フィルタを作製した。これに、劣化によりフッ化水素濃度が240ppmwまで増加したリチウムイオン2次電池用電解液(キシダ化学(株)製LBG-96533)を毎分1mLの流量で供給した。フィルタを通過した電解液中のフッ化物イオン濃度をイオンクロトマトグラフ分析計(ダイオネクス製 DX-120)を使用して測定した。測定結果を表6に示す。
(1-(x/y))×100
x:フィルタを通過した電解液中のフッ化物イオン濃度(ppmw)
y:初期の電解液中のフッ化物イオン濃度(すなわち、240ppmw)
上記実験5および6と同様に試験フィルタを用いて、水分除去実験を行った。
合成ゼオライト(東ソー(株)製)2gを内容積3.4mLのステンレス鋼製カラムに充填し、試験フィルタを作製した。また、リチウムイオン2次電池用電解液(キシダ化学(株)LBG-96533)を毎分1mLの流量で試験フィルタに供給し、電解液を供給し続けている状態で試験フィルタの直前で電解液に少量の水を徐々に加えながら、試験フィルタの入口および出口での電解液中の水分濃度をカールフィッシャー水分計(三菱化学(株)CA-06)で測定した。
前述したように、本願発明はフッ化水素除去用精製器と水分除去用精製器とを上流から下流にこの順に接続した精製装置である。実験7の結果から、下流に配置される水分除去用精製器により水を効果的に除去することができることがわかる。したがって、フッ化水素除去用精製器において水の副生が起こった場合であっても、本願発明によれば精製装置出口において電解液に含まれる水分を10ppmw未満に減少させることができるといえる。
2 吸着材粒子
3 円筒状胴部
5、7 端板
8 開口部
9 電解液入口部材
11 電解液出口部材
13、15、17 接続部
19 雌ねじ
20 雄ねじ
21 支持部材
23、27 多孔質円筒
25、29、33、35 キャップ
100 電解液入口
101 フッ化水素除去用精製器
102 接続管路
103 水分除去用精製器
104 精製電解液出口
200 電解液入口
201 前置水分除去用精製器
202 接続管路
203 フッ化水素除去用精製器
204 接続管路
205 水分除去用精製器
206 電解液出口
Claims (11)
- リチウムイオン二次電池用電解液からフッ化水素と水分とを除去するための精製装置において、炭酸型ハイドロタルサイト類または焼成型ハイドロタルサイト類であるフッ化水素吸着材を収容したフッ化水素除去用精製器と、水分吸着材を収容した水分除去用精製器とを上流から下流にこの順に接続した精製装置。
- 1つのハウジングを有孔の壁で区画してそのそれぞれの区画中に上記のそれぞれの吸着材を順に収容した2個の精製器で構成した請求項1に記載の精製装置。
- 前記フッ化水素除去用精製器の上流側に、水分吸着材を収容した前置水分除去用精製器を設けた請求項1に記載の精製装置。
- 1つのハウジングを有孔の壁で区画してその中に上記のそれぞれの吸着材を順に収容した3個の精製器で構成した請求項3に記載の精製装置。
- 前記フッ化水素除去用精製器が、リチウムイオン二次電池用電解液に含まれるフッ化水素の濃度を10ppmw未満に減少させるものである、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の精製装置。
- 前記フッ化水素除去用精製器が、フッ化水素除去率を90%以上とするものである、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の精製装置。
- 前記水分除去用精製器が、水分を10ppmw以下に減少させるものである請求項1に記載の精製装置。
- 前記前置水分除去用精製器が、水分を100ppmw以下に減少させるものである請求項3に記載の精製装置。
- 前記フッ化水素吸着剤が、構造式[M2+ 1-xM3+ x(OH)2]x+[(CO3)x/2・mH2O]x-(m≧0)の炭酸型ハイドロタルサイト類(ただし、0<x≦0.33、M2+は、2価のMg、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、及びZnの金属イオン、M3+は、3価のAl、Fe、Cr、Co、及びInの金属イオン)である、請求項1に記載の精製装置。
- 前記フッ化水素吸着剤が、構造式M2+ 1-xM3+ xO1+x/2の焼成型ハイドロタルサイト類(ただし、0<x≦0.33、M2+は、2価のMg、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、及びZnの金属イオン、M3+は、3価のAl、Fe、Cr、Co、及びInの金属イオン)である、請求項1に記載の精製装置。
- 前記水分吸着材が合成ゼオライトまたは活性アルミナである、請求項1に記載の精製装置。
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TW201136646A (en) | 2011-11-01 |
EP2515371A1 (en) | 2012-10-24 |
KR101621124B1 (ko) | 2016-05-13 |
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JP5759386B2 (ja) | 2015-08-05 |
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