WO2011055462A1 - Iii族窒化物半導体縦型構造ledチップならびにその製造方法 - Google Patents
Iii族窒化物半導体縦型構造ledチップならびにその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011055462A1 WO2011055462A1 PCT/JP2009/069230 JP2009069230W WO2011055462A1 WO 2011055462 A1 WO2011055462 A1 WO 2011055462A1 JP 2009069230 W JP2009069230 W JP 2009069230W WO 2011055462 A1 WO2011055462 A1 WO 2011055462A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/02—Semiconductor devices with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies
- H01L33/26—Materials of the light emitting region
- H01L33/30—Materials of the light emitting region containing only elements of group III and group V of the periodic system
- H01L33/32—Materials of the light emitting region containing only elements of group III and group V of the periodic system containing nitrogen
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- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/005—Processes
- H01L33/0093—Wafer bonding; Removal of the growth substrate
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- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/02—Semiconductor devices with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies
- H01L33/12—Semiconductor devices with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies with a stress relaxation structure, e.g. buffer layer
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/48—Semiconductor devices with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor body packages
- H01L33/62—Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the semiconductor body, e.g. lead-frames, wire-bonds or solder balls
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
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- H01L2924/0002—Not covered by any one of groups H01L24/00, H01L24/00 and H01L2224/00
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2933/00—Details relating to devices covered by the group H01L33/00 but not provided for in its subgroups
- H01L2933/0008—Processes
- H01L2933/0033—Processes relating to semiconductor body packages
- H01L2933/0066—Processes relating to semiconductor body packages relating to arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the semiconductor body
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a vertical structure LED chip in which group III nitride semiconductor layers are stacked and a method for manufacturing the same.
- a group III-V semiconductor composed of a compound of a group III element and a group V element is widely used in devices such as light emitting diodes (LEDs).
- a group III-V semiconductor LED such as GaP, GaAs, AlGaAs, and AlInGaP using Al, Ga, In as group III elements and P or As as group V elements
- the same kind of single crystal substrate is used for lattice matching. Do growth on top.
- a GaAs substrate is generally used because lattice matching with GaAs is almost achieved over the entire Al composition.
- GaP and GaAs are industrially produced by adding impurities for controlling conduction during bulk single crystal growth to produce a high-quality, large-diameter (2 inch diameter or more) and inexpensive n-type or p-type conductive single crystal substrate.
- a vertical structure in which a light emitting structure stacked body formed by stacking these conductive substrates and the III-V group semiconductor layer is sandwiched between a pair of electrodes and a current flows in the vertical direction can be employed.
- a group III nitride semiconductor using Al, Ga, In or the like as a group III element and N as a group V element has a high melting point, a high dissociation pressure of nitrogen, and a bulk single crystal growth is difficult. In general, it is formed by growing on a different sapphire substrate because there is no cheap and conductive single crystal substrate.
- the sapphire substrate is insulative and does not flow current
- an n-type group III nitride semiconductor layer, an active layer (light emitting layer) and a p-type group III nitride that are sequentially grown on the sapphire substrate The n-type group III nitride semiconductor layer is exposed by removing a part of the light emitting structure laminate composed of the oxide semiconductor layer, and the exposed n-type group III nitride semiconductor layer and p-type group III nitride are exposed. It has been usual to employ a lateral structure in which an n-type electrode and a p-type electrode are respectively disposed on a semiconductor layer and a current flows laterally.
- the n-electrode forming part removes the active layer, (1) the area of the light-emitting part is reduced, and it is necessary to flow a current laterally through an n-type thin layer of about 5 ⁇ m at the maximum. There is a problem that (2) the drive voltage increases and (3) the heat generation increases.
- the sapphire substrate has a low thermal conductivity and does not sufficiently dissipate heat generated in the light emitting structure, which causes a problem of (4) thermal saturation of LED characteristics, which is disadvantageous for high output.
- the light emitting structure laminate is supported by a conductive support portion, and then the sapphire substrate is lifted off to peel off the support portion and the light emitting structure laminate.
- a technology for obtaining a LED chip having a vertical structure by sandwiching a body between a pair of electrodes has been extensively researched and developed.
- Patent Document 1 in order to improve the light extraction effect through the side surface of the LED chip, prevent deterioration of the characteristics of the element due to heat generation, and extend its lifetime, the planar shape of the entire LED chip having a vertical structure is more than a pentagon.
- a technique for forming a polygon or a circle is disclosed.
- the light extraction effect through the side surface is limited to a case where the chip size is small. That is, the light emitting structure layer is usually 5 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m at most, and when the chip size is increased, the area ratio of the side surface to the area of the entire surface of the light emitting structure is decreased, and the ratio of light extraction from the inside of the chip through the side surface is decreased. It is to do.
- Example 1 of Patent Document 2 in a horizontal structure instead of a vertical structure, when the light emitting structure is processed into a cylindrical shape with a radius of 60 to 140 ⁇ m, the smaller the radius of the cylinder, that is, the radius of curvature, is from the side. The light extraction efficiency is improved and the light emission output tends to increase. This is various theories under the condition of a small chip size of 350 ⁇ m or less, and there is a problem that it conflicts with the increase in output due to the increase in chip size.
- Patent Document 1 is a light emitting structure in which a light emitting structure is formed of a group III nitride semiconductor or a reflective ohmic contact layer is formed on the entire surface thereof, and corresponds to individual LED chips.
- Each support part is formed by a metal layer by plating, and the light emitting structure exposed between the chips is removed by dry etching method using the plated metal as a mask, and then the sapphire growth substrate is removed by laser lift-off method To do.
- the sapphire substrate is removed in a state where the individual support portions and the light emitting structure portions are separated, the chip becomes disjoint, so that subsequent processes such as the fabrication of the n-type electrode become complicated and the yield may be lowered.
- the support part of the LED chip generally requires a thickness of about 50 to 150 ⁇ m for the convenience of subsequent processes such as a mounting process, and the metal support layer formed by plating is difficult to maintain dimensional accuracy and shape.
- Etching the light emitting structure using the mask as a mask makes it difficult to maintain dimensional accuracy and shape.
- etching of the reflective ohmic metal is also performed using the mask, a metal residue adheres to the side surface of the light emitting structure laminate, and there is a concern that the LED chip characteristics such as short circuit and leakage current may be adversely affected.
- the laser lift-off method in which the epitaxial layer is peeled off from the sapphire substrate with a laser or the metal buffer layer is etched to remove the epitaxial layer from the sapphire substrate.
- a material layer capable of epitaxial growth of a nitride semiconductor is formed on a growth substrate in order to lift off the epitaxial layer, and after the nitride semiconductor is grown, the layer is dissolved by thermal decomposition or etching by laser.
- the epitaxial layer is lifted off from the growth substrate. It may be expressed that the growth substrate is lifted off from the epitaxial layer.
- FIG. 1A to FIG. 1C are diagrams for explaining an LED chip having a vertical structure obtained by using a lift-off method in a group III nitride semiconductor
- FIG. FIG. 1B is a schematic side view of an individual LED chip that is singulated
- FIG. 1B is a schematic plan view of one LED chip that is singulated
- FIG. FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of a wafer on which a plurality of light emitting structures are formed before being separated into LED chips.
- the LED chip 200 having a vertical structure has a conductive support part 201, a light emitting structure part 202, and an upper electrode 203 in order, and usually the conductive support part 201 and the light emitting structure part 202.
- the plane is formed in a square shape.
- FIG. 1C when the plane of the light emitting structure 202 is a square shape, when cutting the individual LED chips 200 from the wafer on which the plurality of light emitting structures 202 are formed. This is because the processing productivity is high because it is sufficient to perform linear cutting in two perpendicular directions as shown by chain lines in the figure, and material loss due to processing margins is suppressed.
- the lower electrode also serves as the conductive support portion.
- the inventors of the present invention performed primary separation by performing groove processing to the sapphire substrate in a grid pattern by dry etching the light emitting structure laminated body formed of a group III nitride semiconductor formed on the sapphire substrate. Next, after forming the substrate-shaped conductive support body, lift-off was performed to peel off the sapphire substrate. The individual light emitting structure laminates after lift-off are integrally supported by the support body. It has been found that cracks are introduced at a significant rate in the individual light emitting structure laminates that have been lifted off. The crack appears to enter when the light emitting structure laminate supported by the support body is released from the bond with the sapphire substrate by lift-off.
- FIG. 2 shows the situation where cracks are introduced, observed from above with an optical microscope. It can be seen that there is a crack band extending from the vicinity of the corner to the center. (It is a conventional example shown in Table 1 to be described later, and the occurrence rate of cracks was 95.5%.) If such a state is reached, it is treated as a defective product, and a major problem in terms of yield, cost, and productivity. It is.
- An object of the present invention is to solve the above-described problems and provide a high-quality vertical LED chip having no cracks in the light emitting structure and a method for manufacturing the same.
- the gist of the present invention is as follows. (1) Light emission by sequentially laminating a group III nitride semiconductor layer of a first conductivity type, a light emitting layer, and a group III nitride semiconductor layer of a second conductivity type different from the first conductivity type on a growth substrate.
- a plurality of independent light emitting structure portions are formed by removing a part of the light emitting structure laminate so that a part of the growth substrate is exposed, and a light emitting structure laminate forming process for forming the structure laminate
- the light emitting structure forming step, the step of forming an ohmic electrode layer and a connection layer for connecting to the conductive support body on the plurality of light emitting structure portions, and the lower electrode via the connection layer A step of forming a conductive support body, a peeling step of lifting off the growth substrate from the plurality of light emitting structure portions, and cutting the support body between the light emitting structure portions, each supporting the support portion.
- the light emitting structure A light emitting structure forming step in which each plane of the plurality of light emitting structure portions has a round shape at a circle or a corner. (N is a positive integer)
- a conductive support portion also serving as a lower electrode, a second conductivity type group III nitride semiconductor layer provided on the support portion, and light emission provided on the second conductivity type group III nitride semiconductor layer
- a light emitting structure having a first conductivity type group III nitride semiconductor layer of a conductivity type different from the second conductivity type provided on the light emitting layer, and having a structure sandwiched between a pair of electrodes.
- the plane of the light emitting structure is a 4n square shape (n is a positive integer) with rounded corners or corners, and the plane of the support is larger than the plane of the light emitting structure.
- a group III nitride semiconductor vertical structure LED chip having different shapes.
- a conductive support portion also serving as a lower electrode, a second conductivity type group III nitride semiconductor layer provided on the support portion, and a light emission provided on the second conductivity type group III nitride semiconductor layer
- a light emitting structure having a first conductivity type group III nitride semiconductor layer of a conductivity type different from the second conductivity type provided on the light emitting layer, and having a structure sandwiched between a pair of electrodes.
- the plane of the light emitting structure portion is a 4n square shape (n is a positive integer) with rounded corners or corners,
- a group III nitride semiconductor vertical structure LED chip having a cut surface and a non-cut surface having a cut surface and a different surface shape at a part of a side surface of the conductive support portion.
- the planar shape of the conductive support portion is basically composed of an octagon, and has a cut surface on four sides facing each other, and the other four sides facing each other are non-cut surfaces.
- Group III nitride semiconductor vertical structure LED chip as described.
- the plane of the light emitting structure is formed to have a 4n square shape with a round shape at a circle or a corner (n is a positive integer. In other words, 4n means a multiple of 4), and light is emitted.
- n is a positive integer. In other words, 4n means a multiple of 4
- the support side When the stress applied to the light emitting structure is dispersed and the stress applied to each light emitting structure laminate is reduced, the light emitting structure laminate supported by the support body is released from the bond with the sapphire substrate during lift-off.
- the light emitting structure laminated body made of a group III nitride semiconductor on the sapphire substrate is subjected to primary separation according to the size of each LED chip, but since the support portion is connected after that, the growth substrate is lifted off. Even if it is removed, it is still in a wafer state, so that device processing can be performed in a later process.
- FIG. 1 (a) to 1 (c) are respectively a schematic side view of one general LED chip, a schematic plan view of one LED chip, and an individual LED chip.
- the top view of the wafer in which the several light emission structure part of the front was formed is shown.
- FIG. 2 is a photograph showing a state of a crack generated in a conventional light emitting structure.
- 3 (a) to 3 (f) schematically show a flow of a method for manufacturing a vertical LED chip according to the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic plan view of the wafer before the vertical LEDs are singulated according to the present invention.
- FIG. 5A shows a schematic plan view of a wafer before singulation of a vertical LED chip according to the present invention, and FIG.
- FIG. 5B shows a vertical type after singulation according to the present invention.
- 1 is a schematic side view of an LED chip.
- FIG. 5C is a photograph of an actual vertical LED chip viewed from above.
- FIG. 6A shows a schematic plan view of a wafer before singulation of a vertical LED chip according to the present invention
- FIG. 6B shows a vertical type after singulation according to the present invention.
- 1 is a schematic side view of an LED chip.
- FIG. 6C is a photograph of an actual vertical LED chip viewed from the top.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing the rate of occurrence of cracks occurring in the light emitting structure of the LED chips of Experimental Examples 1-8.
- FIG. 8 is a graph showing the rate of occurrence of cracks generated in the light emitting structures of the LED chips of Experimental Examples 9-14.
- FIG. 9 is a graph showing the rate of occurrence of cracks occurring in the light emitting structure of the LED chips of Experimental Examples 15 to 22.
- 10A to 10D are photographs showing the state of cracks generated in the light emitting structure.
- FIG. 3 schematically shows a flow of a method for manufacturing a vertical LED according to the present invention, and the thickness direction is exaggerated for convenience of explanation.
- the vertical LED manufacturing method according to the present invention is different from the first conductive group III nitride semiconductor layer 102, the light emitting layer 103, and the first conductive type on the growth substrate 101 as shown in FIG.
- a light emitting structure laminated body forming step (FIG. 3A) in which the second conduction type group III nitride semiconductor layer 104 is sequentially laminated to form the light emitting structure laminated body 105, and a part of the growth substrate 101 is exposed.
- a light emitting structure part forming step FIG.
- FIG. 3B for forming a plurality of light emitting structure parts 106 independent in an island shape
- a peeling step of lifting off the growth substrate 101 from the plurality of light emitting structures 106 (FIG. 3D).
- support between the light emitting structure 106 By cutting the body 107 as shown in 107a (FIG. 3 (f)), comprising a cutting step, each of which plurality of LED chips 100 two pieces having a light emitting structure 106.
- the process of forming the upper electrode 108 in the peeling surface side of a light emission structure part can be provided after a peeling process.
- FIG. 3 is an observation of a light emitting structure having a square shape with a side of a plane of 1000 ⁇ m using an optical microscope. Such a crack extending toward the center portion is more prominently generated in a light emitting structure portion of a large chip size having a side of 500 ⁇ m or more.
- the present inventors have conducted intensive studies on the form of such cracks. As a result, rather than relying on crystallographic smooth surfaces or cleaved surfaces, the cracks are not in the light emitting structure portion or the support portion. I found out that it was caused by the shape. In particular, it has been found that many cracks are likely to occur near the corner of the light emitting structure. This is related to the stress distribution in which when the growth substrate is peeled off from the light emitting structure, the stress between the growth substrate and the light emitting structure and the connected support is concentrated near the corner of the light emitting structure. Conceivable.
- the light emitting structure portion forming step (FIG. 3B), as shown in FIG. It includes removing a part of the light emitting structure laminate 105 so as to have a 4n square shape (n is a positive integer) with rounded corners, and by having such a configuration, stress is applied to the light emitting structure 106. It is possible to provide a high-quality vertical LED chip that avoids concentration and has no cracks.
- the vertical LED chip manufacturing method includes a plurality of through-grooves penetrating the support body in the support body positioned between the light emitting structures in the conductive support formation step (FIG. 3C).
- a high-quality vertical LED chip that is provided with through holes to disperse stress from the support side applied to each light emitting structure, avoid stress concentration near the corner of the light emitting structure 106, and have no cracks Can be provided.
- the growth substrate 101 is preferably a sapphire substrate or an AlN template substrate in which an AlN film is formed on a sapphire substrate. What is necessary is just to select suitably by the kind of lift-off layer to form, the composition of Al, Ga, In of the light emitting structure laminated body which consists of a group III nitride semiconductor, the quality of a LED chip, cost, etc.
- the lift-off layer is preferable in that the GaN buffer layer can be thermally decomposed by laser and avoiding subsequent re-adhesion (because Ga has a low melting point of 29.7 ° C.) in the laser lift-off method, and CrN in the chemical lift-off method.
- a metal buffer layer such as is preferable because it can be dissolved by chemical selective etching.
- the former is preferably formed in an MOCVD apparatus to be described later, and the latter is formed by sputtering, vacuum deposition, ion plating, or MOCVD.
- the light emitting structure laminate 105 may be configured such that the first conductivity type is n-type and the second conductivity type is p-type, or vice versa.
- the first conductivity type group III nitride semiconductor layer 102, the light emitting layer 103, and the second conductivity type group III nitride semiconductor layer 104 can be epitaxially grown on the growth substrate 101, for example, by MOCVD.
- the planar structure of the light emitting structure 106 manufactured by the vertical LED chip manufacturing method according to the present invention is a 4n square shape (n is a positive integer) with rounded corners or corners.
- n is a positive integer
- the inscribed polygon is symmetrical due to the polygon having a vertex that is a multiple of 4. Can be ensured, and the applied stress can be evenly dispersed.
- the corner portion of the cross-sectional shape of the light emitting structure 106 is rounded, the stress applied to the light emitting structure 106 when the light emitting structure 106 is moved away from the growth substrate 101 and transferred to the support body 107 is increased. Dispersed and the generation of cracks can be further suppressed.
- the light emitting structure forming step it is preferable to use a dry etching method for removing a part of the light emitting structure laminate 105. This is because the etching end point of the light emitting structure laminate 105 composed of the group III nitride semiconductor layer can be controlled with good reproducibility. Further, when the adjacent light emitting structures 106 are connected, for example, when the growth substrate 101 is peeled off by using a laser lift-off method, the escape path of the nitrogen gas generated when the above-described GaN layer or the like is thermally decomposed. When the chemical lift-off method or the photochemical lift-off method in which the above-described metal buffer layer is dissolved with a chemical etching solution is used, the etching solution is supplied to the metal layer. Since it is not liquidated and lift-off cannot be performed, this removal is performed until a part of the growth substrate 101 is exposed.
- the plurality of light emitting structure portions 106 and the support body 107 are connected to the ohmic electrode layer in contact with each of the plurality of light emitting structure portions 106 and the connection in contact with the support body 107. It is preferable to form through layers. More preferably, a reflective layer is further formed between the ohmic electrode layer and the connection layer, or the ohmic electrode layer also functions as the reflective layer. For the formation of these layers, dry film forming methods such as vacuum deposition, ion plating, and sputtering can be used.
- the ohmic electrode layer can be formed of a metal having a high work function, for example, a noble metal such as Pd, Pt, Rh, Au, or Co, Ni. Further, since the reflection layer has a high reflectance such as Rh, it can also be used as the ohmic electrode layer. However, when the light emitting region is from green to blue, an Ag or Al layer is used, and in the ultraviolet region, Rh or Ru is used. More preferably, a layer or the like is used. In addition, although the connection layer depends on the method of forming the support body 107, Au, Au—Sn, solder, or the like can be used when the support body 107 is bonded by a bonding method, for example, thermocompression bonding.
- a bonding method for example, thermocompression bonding.
- a conductive silicon substrate, a CuW alloy substrate, a Mo substrate, or the like is suitable in terms of thermal expansion coefficient and thermal conductivity.
- the support body 107 can also be formed by wet or dry plating.
- the connection layer can be used as the connection layer.
- the plane of the conductive support portion 107a viewed from the upper surface is larger than the light emitting structure portion 106 and the end portion is exposed by 50 ⁇ m or more.
- the shape of the cross section of the electroconductive support part 107a is a square or an octagon as a basic composition.
- the basic configuration means that there may be depressions or protrusions on part of the sides or corners of the support part after dicing, and holes or grooves are formed in the conductive support body 107 before dicing. It means you can do it. That is, as shown in FIG. 5A and FIG.
- a portion of the support body 107 located between the light emitting structure portions 106 has a plurality of through grooves 109 or penetrating through the support body 107.
- a hole 110 is preferably provided.
- the support body 107 is not limited to the groove 111 (etching channel) between the light emitting structure portions 106.
- the through groove 109 and the through hole 110 it is possible to effectively supply and discharge the etchant and to produce a secondary effect that can improve the etching rate of the metal layer.
- the through groove 109 and the through hole 110 of the support body 107 are masked with a thick film photoresist when formed by dry etching when a Si substrate is used, or Cu or Au plating, thereby forming a groove or hole.
- a thick film photoresist when formed by dry etching when a Si substrate is used, or Cu or Au plating, thereby forming a groove or hole.
- the lift-off layer is removed by a laser lift-off method, a chemical lift-off method, or a photochemical lift-off method, and the growth substrate 101 and the light emitting structure 106 are peeled off.
- the surface of the light emitting structure 106 exposed by the peeling process is cleaned by wet cleaning.
- a predetermined amount is removed by dry etching or wet etching, and an n-type ohmic electrode and a bonding pad electrode are formed by a lift-off method using a resist as a mask.
- Al, Cr, Ti, Ni, Pt, Au, etc. are used as electrode materials, and Pt, Au, etc. are formed as a cover layer on ohmic electrodes and bonding pads to reduce wiring resistance and adhesion of wire bonds.
- a protective film such as SiO 2 or SiN may be provided on the side surface and the surface of the light emitting structure 106.
- the light emitting structure 106 is cut using, for example, a blade dicer or a laser dicer.
- the light emitting structure 106 is generally conductive. Although it moves closer to the inner side than the outer periphery of the support portion 107a, it is usually about 10 to 30 ⁇ m.
- the cutting process is performed so as to pass through the plurality of through grooves 109 or through holes 110. That is, in the vertical LED of the present invention, at least one side surface of the plurality of side surfaces of the support portion is a part of the wall portion of the through groove 109 or the through hole 110 using the above-described vertical LED manufacturing method.
- 6 (b) and 7 (b) are schematic side views of the vertical LED after the cutting process. The shaded portion of the support portion 107 indicates the cut portion, and the other portions pass through the above-described portion. It shows that it is a part of the wall part of the groove
- the separation surface after dicing is a part of the support part, and it is preferable that a part on the side surface side of the support part at the time of chipping includes a non-cut surface that does not have a cut surface.
- the “cut surface” refers to a surface directly cut by a dicer or the like in the cutting process, for example, when the conductive support body 107 is cut so as to pass through the above-described through groove or through hole, The surfaces corresponding to the through grooves and the wall portions of the through holes are non-cut surfaces that are not touched by the blade or the laser. Therefore, the surface shape of the non-cut surface and the cut surface are different.
- the cut surface is a blade cutting surface or a laser melting surface.
- the non-cut surface is a surface after the dry etching surface and the resist mask are removed.
- the non-cut surface may come into contact with the etchant during chemical lift-off or electrode formation, for example. Although it is difficult to define in general by roughness, it is possible to observe the difference in surface condition between the cut surface and the non-cut surface with an optical microscope or the like.
- the vertical LED according to the present invention includes a support portion 107a, a second conductive group III nitride semiconductor layer provided on the support portion 107a, and a second conductive group III nitride.
- the light emitting structure 106 has a structure sandwiched between a pair of electrodes, and the planar shape of the light emitting structure 106 is a 4n square shape with a rounded corner or a corner (n is a positive integer), and the plane of the support 107a is The light emitting structure 106 has a shape that is larger and different from the plane of the light emitting structure 106. By having such a configuration, the light emitting structure 106 has few cracks, and a high-quality vertical LED can be provided.
- L 1 the length of the straight portion of one side of the 4n angle shape with rounded corners, preferably satisfy the following equation.
- L 0 is the length of one side of the 4n square shape when the 4n square shape has no rounded corners.
- the corner roundness of the present invention is preferably an arc having a radius of curvature R.
- the lower limit value of R necessary for suppressing cracks differs depending on the LED chip size and the growth substrate, buffer layer, light emitting structure, and support structure.
- the roundness of the corner is intentionally formed beyond the range of roundness formed by the chamfering amount or the dullness of the corner generated in the photolithography process.
- the ratio L 1 / L 0 between the length L 0 of the polygonal side before chamfering and the length L 1 of the linear part of the side after chamfering is 0.8 or less, more preferably 0.7 or less.
- the plane of the support portion 107a is larger than the light emitting structure portion 106 and the end portion is exposed by 50 ⁇ m or more.
- the planar shape of the support portion 107a is preferably a quadrangle or octagon as a basic configuration.
- the basic configuration means that the side of the support part 107 after the cutting process and a part of the corner part may have a depression or a protrusion, and the support body 107 before the cutting process has a through groove 109 or the like. This means that the through hole 110 may be formed. This is because by providing the support body 107 with the through groove 109 and the through hole 110, the through groove 109 and the through hole 110 of the support body 107 alleviate the stress applied to the semiconductor light emitting structure and contribute to the prevention of cracks. .
- the length L 0 of one side of the front of the square imparting rounded corners, the curvature of the corner radius R, the ratio L 1 / L 0 of L 1 to the length L 1, L 0 of the straight portion of one side after rounding grant Table 1 shows.
- Boron-doped p-type is formed by forming an ohmic electrode layer (Rh, thickness: 0.1 ⁇ m) and a connection layer (Au—Sn alloy, thickness: 1.5 ⁇ m) on each light emitting structure.
- Ti / Pt ohmic contacts are formed on both sides of the conductive silicon substrate, and a connection layer (Au—Sn alloy layer, thickness: 1.0 ⁇ m) is formed on the side bonded to the light emitting structure. The two were bonded together by hot pressing.
- the sapphire substrate was peeled off using a chemical lift method.
- a ceric ammonium nitrate solution was used as an etching solution. This solution is suitable because only the metal layer can be etched without corroding the silicon substrate and the various metal layers described above.
- an ohmic electrode layer (NiO and Ag) is formed on the p layer of the individual light emitting structure, and then a photoresist is embedded in the separation groove and the p-ohmic electrode layer of each light emitting structure was opened to form a connection layer (Ni / Au / Cu) for connection to the support body.
- pillars were formed using a thick film resist. The formation position was set on the side of the square surrounding the light emitting structure as shown in FIG. 5A or at the intersection of the sides as shown in FIG. The connection layer at the pillar formation position was removed in advance by etching.
- the through-groove 50 shown in FIG. 5A was formed on four sides with a width of 70 ⁇ m and a length of 900 ⁇ m.
- the through-hole 60 shown in FIG. 6A has a quadrangular prism shape and the side length is 410 ⁇ m.
- the metal layer was dissolved and removed with a selective etching solution, the growth sapphire substrate was separated, and the light emitting structure was transferred to the support body side.
- Cu plating was performed on the entire surface without forming a separate pillar and without removing the connection layer at the pillar position.
- Experimental Examples 2 to 8, 10 to 14 and 16 to 22 according to the present invention are from the corner toward the center as compared with Experimental Examples 1, 9 and 15 which are comparative examples. It can be seen that at least one of the generation of cracks along the corners and cracks along the corners can be suppressed.
- disconnection location shown with the chain line in Fig.6 (a) was cut
- the processing margin (kerfloss) was 11-18.
- blade dicers it is impossible to change the cutting feed rate at the position of the through groove / hole, but the laser dicer can skip the upper and lower penetrating parts that do not need to be cut.
- the cutting time could be shortened by 60% when the through grooves were formed at the positions of the sides of the mesh.
- the support part of the LED chip includes an uncut part on the side surface as shown in the side view of FIG.
- the support shape after the separation is a quadrilateral basic shape.
- FIG. 6 shows the case of the through hole at the intersection, and the corner portion of the square support substrate is missing.
- the shape of the through hole may be a columnar shape or a prismatic shape.
- the later support shape is an octagonal basic shape. Also in this case, as shown in FIG.6 (b), it has a cutting part and a part which does not cut
- Experimental Examples 2 to 8, 10 to 14, 16 to 22, and 24 to 25 according to the present invention are the conventional example and the experimental example 1 which is a comparative example. Compared with 9, 15, and 23, it is possible to effectively suppress one of the generation of a crack from the corner toward the center and a crack along the corner.
- n 4 or more
- the crossing angle is further widened and the corner is gradually rounded, and as a result, gradually approaches a circle.
- the plane of the light emitting structure is formed to have a 4n square shape with rounded corners or corners (n is a positive integer), and the support positioned between the plurality of light emitting structures.
- DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 100 Vertical type LED chip 101 Growth substrate 102 1st conductivity type group III nitride semiconductor layer 103 Light emitting layer 104 2nd conductivity type group III nitride semiconductor layer 105 Light emitting structure laminated body 106 Light emitting structure part 107 It serves as a lower electrode Conductive support part 107a conductive support part 108 after cutting 108 upper electrode 109 through groove 110 through hole 111 groove (etching channel) DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 200 Vertical type LED chip 201 The electroconductive support part which served as the lower electrode 202 The light emission structure part 203 Upper electrode
Abstract
Description
(1)成長用基板の上に、第1伝導型のIII族窒化物半導体層、発光層および前記第1伝導型とは異なる第2伝導型のIII族窒化物半導体層を順次積層して発光構造積層体を形成する発光構造積層体形成工程と、前記成長用基板の一部が露出するよう、前記発光構造積層体の一部を除去することで、独立した複数個の発光構造部を形成する発光構造部形成工程と、前記複数個の発光構造部上にオーミック電極層、および、導電性サポート体と接続するための接続層を形成する工程と、前記接続層を介して下部電極を兼ねる導電性サポート体を形成する工程と、前記成長用基板を前記複数個の発光構造部からリフトオフする剥離工程と、前記発光構造部間で前記サポート体を切断することにより、各々がサポート部に支持された前記発光構造部を有する複数個のLEDチップに個片化する切断工程とを具え、前記発光構造部形成工程は、前記複数個の発光構造部の各々の平面が、円またはコーナーに丸みを有する4n角形状(nは正の整数とする。)となるよう、前記発光構造積層体の一部を除去することを含むことを特徴とするIII族窒化物半導体縦型構造LEDチップの製造方法。
L1≦0.8L0
但し、L0は、前記4n角形状がコーナーに丸みを有さない場合の4n角形状の一辺の長さとする。
前記導電性サポート部の側面の一部に、切断面と、切断面と表面形状の異なる非切断面とを有するIII族窒化物半導体縦型構造LEDチップ。
また、反射層としては、Rh等の反射率が高いため、上記オーミック電極層との兼用も可能だが、発光領域が緑から青色の場合にはAgやAl層等を、紫外線領域ではRhやRu層等を用いるのがより好ましい。
また、接続層は、サポート体107の形成方法にもよるが、接合法、例えば加熱圧着によりサポート体107を接合する場合、Au、Au−Sn、ハンダ等とすることができる。
すなわち、図5(a)および図6(a)に一例として示されるように、発光構造部106間に位置するサポート体107の部分には、サポート体107を貫通する複数の貫通溝109または貫通孔110が設けられるのが好ましい。サポート体に孔や溝を設けることにより、1つの発光構造部に関与するサポート体の領域を擬似的に分割し、発光構造部に加わるサポート部側からの応力を緩和、分散させることができるからである。
切断面はブレード切削面またはレーザーによる溶解面となる。非切断面はドライエッチング面やレジストマスクを除去した後の面である。非切断面は、たとえばケミカルリフトオフや電極形成時にエッチング液に接触する場合がある。粗さなどで一概に定義することは困難だが、光学顕微鏡等で切断面と非切断面との表面状態の差を観察することができる。
本発明に従う縦型LEDは、一例として図4に示されるように、サポート部107aと、このサポート部107a上に設けられた第2伝導型III族窒化物半導体層、第2伝導型III族窒化物半導体層の上に設けられた発光層、および、発光層の上に設けられた第2伝導型とは異なる伝導型の第1伝導型III族窒化物半導体層を有する発光構造部106とを一対の電極で挟んだ構造を有し、発光構造部106の平面形状が、円またはコーナーに丸みを有する4n角形状(nは正の整数とする。)であり、かつサポート部107aの平面は、発光構造部106の平面よりも大きくかつ異なる形状を有し、かかる構成を有することにより、発光構造部106にクラックが少なく、高品質の縦型LEDを提供することができるものである。
L1≦0.8L0
但し、L0は、4n角形状がコーナーに丸みを有さない場合の4n角形状の一辺の長さとする。
L0=W×tan(180°/N)
であり、コーナーの丸みの曲率半径Rの円弧がコーナーで交わる辺に内接する場合、面取り後の辺(直線部)の長さL1は
L1=L0−2×R/tan((180°−360°/N)/2)
であり、L1とL0の比率L1/L0は
L1/L0=1−2×R/W/tan((180°−360°/N)/2)/tan(180°/N)
=1−2×R/W/tan(90°−180°/N)/tan(180°/N)
=1−2×R/W
となってWとRで決まり、Nにはよらないことになる。
[実験例]
実験例1~8は、サファイア基板上に、リフトオフ層(CrN層、厚さ:18nm)を形成後、n型III族窒化物半導体層(GaN層、厚さ:7μm)、発光層(InGaN系MQW層、厚さ:0.1μm)、p型III族窒化物半導体層(GaN層、厚さ:0.2μm)を順次積層して発光構造積層体を形成し、その後、サファイア基板の一部が露出するよう、発光構造積層体の一部を除去することで、横断面の形状が、正方形、コーナーに丸みを有する正方形、または円となるよう、
島状に独立した複数個の発光構造部を形成した。コーナーに丸みを付与する前の正方形の一辺の長さL0、コーナーの曲率半径R、丸み付与後の一辺の直線部の長さL1、L0に対するL1の比率L1/L0は、表1に示す。
発光構造積層体の一部を除去することで、横断面の形状が、正八角形、コーナーに丸みを有する正八角形、または円となるよう、島状に独立した複数個の発光構造部を形成したこと以外は、上記実験例と同様な方法によりサファイア基板を剥離した。
発光構造積層体の一部を除去することで、横断面の形状が、正十二角形、コーナーに丸みを有する正十二角形、または円となるよう、島状に独立した複数個の発光構造部を形成したこと以外は、上記実験例と同様な方法によりサファイア基板を剥離した。
発光構造積層体の一部を除去することで、横断面の形状が、正方形(従来例)または円となるよう、島状に独立した複数個の発光構造部を形成した。発光構造部の幅Wは1000μmであり、コーナーに丸みを付与する前の正方形の一辺の長さL0、コーナーの曲率半径R、丸み付与後の一辺の直線部の長さL1、L0に対するL1の比率L1/L0は、表1に示す。また、個々の素子の配置は碁盤の目状の升目内とした。素子間のピッチは1250μmである。
実験例1~22について、サファイア基板を発光構造部から剥離することで露出した発光構造部の表面を光学顕微鏡観察し、クラックの発生状況ならびにウエハ面内でのクラック発生率を調べた。特徴として、クラックは、図10(a)に示すような、コーナー周辺からチップ中央に向けて伸展する形態、または図10(b)に示すような、コーナー周辺近傍に発生する形態であり、直線状の辺の部分での発生はなかった。これらコーナー周辺からチップ中央に向かうクラックおよびコーナー周辺近傍のクラックの発生率を表1および図7~図9に示す。なお、図7は、実験例1~8の結果を、図8は実験例9~14の結果を、図9は実験例15~22の結果をそれぞれ示したものである。
101 成長用基板
102 第1伝導型のIII族窒化物半導体層
103 発光層
104 第2伝導型のIII族窒化物半導体層
105 発光構造積層体
106 発光構造部
107 下部電極を兼ねた導電性サポート部
107a 切断後の導電性サポート部
108 上部電極
109 貫通溝
110 貫通孔
111 溝(エッチングチャンネル)
200 縦型LEDチップ
201 下部電極を兼ねた導電性サポート部
202 発光構造部
203 上部電極
Claims (14)
- 成長用基板の上に、第1伝導型のIII族窒化物半導体層、発光層および前記第1伝導型とは異なる第2伝導型のIII族窒化物半導体層を順次積層して発光構造積層体を形成する発光構造積層体形成工程と、前記成長用基板の一部が露出するよう、前記発光構造積層体の一部を除去することで、独立した複数個の発光構造部を形成する発光構造部形成工程と、前記複数個の発光構造部上にオーミック電極層、および、導電性サポート体と接続するための接続層を形成する工程と、前記接続層を介して下部電極を兼ねる導電性サポート体を形成する工程と、前記成長用基板を前記複数個の発光構造部からリフトオフする剥離工程と、前記発光構造部間で前記サポート体を切断することにより、各々がサポート部に支持された前記発光構造部を有する複数個のLEDチップに個片化する切断工程とを具え、前記発光構造部形成工程は、前記複数個の発光構造部の各々の平面が、円またはコーナーに丸みを有する4n角形状(nは正の整数とする。)となるよう、前記発光構造積層体の一部を除去することを含むことを特徴とするIII族窒化物半導体縦型構造LEDチップの製造方法。
- 前記発光構造部間に位置するサポート体に、該サポート体を貫通する複数の貫通溝または貫通孔が設けられる請求項1に記載III族窒化物半導体縦型構造LEDチップの製造方法。
- 前記切断工程は、前記複数の貫通溝または貫通孔を通るよう行われる請求項2に記載のIII族窒化物半導体縦型構造LEDチップの製造方法。
- 前記剥離工程は、ケミカルリフトオフ法またはフォトケミカルリフトオフ法を用いて行われる請求項1または2に記載のIII族窒化物半導体縦型構造LEDチップの製造方法。
- 前記剥離工程は、レーザーリフトオフ法を用いて行われる請求項1、2または3に記載のIII族窒化物半導体縦型構造LEDチップの製造方法。
- 前記導電性サポート体の形成工程は、接合法、湿式成膜法、乾式成膜法を用いて行われる請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載のIII族窒化物半導体縦型構造LEDチップの製造方法。
- 請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の方法により製造された縦型LEDチップであって、前記サポート部の複数の側面のうち少なくとも1つの側面が、前記貫通溝または貫通孔の壁部の一部であることを特徴とするIII族窒化物半導体縦型構造LEDチップ。
- 下部電極を兼ねる導電性サポート部と、該サポート部上に設けられた第2伝導型III族窒化物半導体層、該第2伝導型III族窒化物半導体層の上に設けられた発光層、および、該発光層の上に設けられた前記第2伝導型とは異なる伝導型の第1伝導型III族窒化物半導体層を有する発光構造部とを一対の電極で挟んだ構造を有し、前記発光構造部の平面が、円またはコーナーに丸みを有する4n角形状(nは正の整数とする。)であり、かつ前記サポート部の平面は、前記発光構造部の平面よりも大きくかつ異なる形状を有することを特徴とするIII族窒化物半導体縦型構造LEDチップ。
- 前記コーナーに丸みを有する4n角形状の一辺の直線部の長さをL1が、下記の式を満たす請求項7または8に記載のIII族窒化物半導体縦型構造LEDチップ。
L1≦0.8L0
但し、L0は、前記4n角形状がコーナーに丸みを有さない場合の4n角形状の一辺の長さとする。 - 前記サポート部の平面の形状が左右上下対称な略四角形または略八角形である請求項7、8または9に記載のIII族窒化物半導体縦型構造LEDチップ。
- 下部電極を兼ねる導電性サポート部と、該サポート部上に設けられた第2伝導型III族窒化物半導体層、該第2伝導型III族窒化物半導体層の上に設けられた発光層、および、該発光層の上に設けられた前記第2伝導型とは異なる伝導型の第1伝導型III族窒化物半導体層を有する発光構造部とを一対の電極で挟んだ構造を有し、前記発光構造部の平面が、円またはコーナーに丸みを有する4n角形状(nは正の整数とする。)であり、
前記導電性サポート部の側面の一部に、切断面と、切断面と表面形状の異なる非切断面とを有するIII族窒化物半導体縦型構造LEDチップ。 - 前記導電性サポート部の側面の前記非切断面が、前記導電性サポート部の上下に及ぶ請求項11に記載のIII族窒化物半導体縦型構造LEDチップ。
- 前記導電性サポート部の平面の形状が四角形を基本構成とし、四辺に凹部を有し、凹の頂部が前記切断面である請求項11または12に記載のIII族窒化物半導体縦型構造LEDチップ。
- 前記導電性サポート部の平面の形状が八角形を基本構成とし、対向する四辺に切断面を有し、他の対向する四辺は非切断面である請求項11または12に記載のIII族窒化物半導体縦型構造LEDチップ。
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US9184338B2 (en) | 2011-09-28 | 2015-11-10 | Bbsa Limited | Semiconductor device and method of manufacturing the same |
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JP2014007179A (ja) * | 2012-06-21 | 2014-01-16 | Panasonic Corp | 縦型構造発光素子の製造方法 |
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JPWO2014049885A1 (ja) * | 2012-09-28 | 2016-08-22 | ビービーエスエイ リミテッドBBSA Limited | Iii族窒化物半導体素子およびその製造方法 |
US9537053B2 (en) | 2012-09-28 | 2017-01-03 | Bbsa Limited | III nitride semiconductor device and method of manufacturing the same |
US20150279945A1 (en) * | 2012-10-26 | 2015-10-01 | Daniel Francis | Semiconductor devices with improved reliability and operating life and methods of manufactuirng the same |
US9608167B2 (en) | 2013-07-24 | 2017-03-28 | Nichia Corporation | Light emitting device |
JP2017005103A (ja) * | 2015-06-10 | 2017-01-05 | 浜松ホトニクス株式会社 | 電子部品の製造方法及び半導体ウエハ |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2498303A4 (en) | 2014-10-08 |
CN102687288B (zh) | 2016-04-06 |
US8962362B2 (en) | 2015-02-24 |
EP2498303A1 (en) | 2012-09-12 |
US20140001511A1 (en) | 2014-01-02 |
KR20140133944A (ko) | 2014-11-20 |
US20120248458A1 (en) | 2012-10-04 |
CN102687288A (zh) | 2012-09-19 |
US9012935B2 (en) | 2015-04-21 |
JP5690738B2 (ja) | 2015-03-25 |
JPWO2011055462A1 (ja) | 2013-03-21 |
KR101542026B1 (ko) | 2015-08-04 |
KR20120094483A (ko) | 2012-08-24 |
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