WO2013046267A1 - 半導体素子およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
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- WO2013046267A1 WO2013046267A1 PCT/JP2011/005485 JP2011005485W WO2013046267A1 WO 2013046267 A1 WO2013046267 A1 WO 2013046267A1 JP 2011005485 W JP2011005485 W JP 2011005485W WO 2013046267 A1 WO2013046267 A1 WO 2013046267A1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/005—Processes
- H01L33/0062—Processes for devices with an active region comprising only III-V compounds
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- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
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- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/70—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components formed in or on a common substrate or of parts thereof; Manufacture of integrated circuit devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/77—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components or integrated circuits formed in, or on, a common substrate
- H01L21/78—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components or integrated circuits formed in, or on, a common substrate with subsequent division of the substrate into plural individual devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/02—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/06—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by their shape; characterised by the shapes, relative sizes, or dispositions of the semiconductor regions ; characterised by the concentration or distribution of impurities within semiconductor regions
- H01L29/0603—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by their shape; characterised by the shapes, relative sizes, or dispositions of the semiconductor regions ; characterised by the concentration or distribution of impurities within semiconductor regions characterised by particular constructional design considerations, e.g. for preventing surface leakage, for controlling electric field concentration or for internal isolations regions
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
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- H01L33/0093—Wafer bonding; Removal of the growth substrate
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01L33/02—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies
- H01L33/20—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies with a particular shape, e.g. curved or truncated substrate
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01L33/005—Processes
- H01L33/0062—Processes for devices with an active region comprising only III-V compounds
- H01L33/0066—Processes for devices with an active region comprising only III-V compounds with a substrate not being a III-V compound
- H01L33/007—Processes for devices with an active region comprising only III-V compounds with a substrate not being a III-V compound comprising nitride compounds
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a semiconductor element and a manufacturing method thereof.
- Semiconductor devices include field effect transistors (FETs) and light emitting diodes (LEDs).
- FETs field effect transistors
- LEDs light emitting diodes
- a group III-V semiconductor made of a compound of a group III element and a group V element is used for the LED.
- Group III nitride semiconductors using Al, Ga, In, etc. as group III elements and N as group V elements have a high melting point, a high nitrogen dissociation pressure, are difficult to grow bulk single crystals, are large in diameter and inexpensive. Because there is no conductive single crystal substrate, it is generally formed by growing on a sapphire substrate.
- the light-emitting diode has conventionally been manufactured by sequentially growing an n-type group III nitride semiconductor layer, an active layer (light-emitting layer) and a p-type III on the sapphire substrate. A part of the semiconductor laminate composed of the group nitride semiconductor layer is removed to expose the n-type group III nitride semiconductor layer, and the exposed n-type group III nitride semiconductor layer and p-type group III nitride are exposed. It has been usual to employ a lateral structure in which an n-type electrode and a p-type electrode are arranged on a physical semiconductor layer and current flows in the lateral direction.
- a buffer layer made of a specific element other than a group III element (eg, Al, Ga, etc.) on a sapphire substrate a semiconductor stacked body including a light emitting layer is formed.
- the buffer layer is selectively dissolved by chemical etching, the sapphire substrate is peeled off (lifted off), and the support body and the semiconductor laminate are sandwiched between a pair of electrodes, thereby producing an LED chip.
- the buffer layer here is a buffer layer for epitaxial growth of the semiconductor stacked body, and also serves as a lift-off layer for peeling the semiconductor stacked body from the sapphire substrate.
- a general chemical lift-off method in which an epitaxial layer is removed from a sapphire substrate by etching a lift-off layer made of a metal other than group III or a metal nitride.
- a photochemical lift-off method in which etching is performed while activating a lift-off layer by irradiating light such as ultraviolet light during etching.
- FIGS. 6A to 6F are schematic side cross-sectional views showing the respective steps of a conventional method for manufacturing a group III nitride semiconductor vertical structure LED chip 500.
- the semiconductor stack 503 is formed by sequentially stacking the semiconductor layers 506 (FIG. 6A).
- the semiconductor stacked body 503 and a part of the lift-off layer 502 are removed so that a part of the growth substrate 501 is exposed, thereby forming a plurality of independent semiconductor structures 507 (FIG. 6B).
- a conductive support body 512 that also serves as a lower electrode and integrally supports a plurality of semiconductor structure portions 507 is formed (FIG. 6C).
- the growth substrate 501 is separated from the plurality of semiconductor structure portions 507 by removing the lift-off layer 502 by using a chemical lift-off method (FIG. 6D).
- the upper electrode 516 is formed on the peeling surface side of the semiconductor structure portion 507 (FIG. 6E).
- each is divided into a plurality of LED chips 500 each having a semiconductor structure portion 507 supported by the conductive support body 512A after being cut (FIG. 6F).
- FIG. 7A is a schematic top view of the wafer in the state of FIG. 6E in which a plurality of semiconductor structures before being singulated are formed.
- a cross-sectional view along a broken line in FIG. 7A is FIG. (B) is a schematic side view of one LED chip 500 singulated along the broken line of (A).
- the through groove 514 is provided along the cutting line (broken line) for singulation in a portion located between the adjacent semiconductor structure portions 507 in the conductive support body 512. Therefore, when the lift-off layer 502 is removed from FIGS. 6C to 6D, an etching solution is supplied to the periphery of each semiconductor structure portion 507 through the through groove 514. Therefore, etching of the lift-off layer 502 immediately below each semiconductor structure portion 507 proceeds from the outer peripheral portion of the semiconductor structure portion toward the central portion.
- the shape of the cross section of the semiconductor structure portion 507 is a circular shape or a 4n square shape with rounded corners (n is an integer). If the cross-sectional shape of the semiconductor structure portion is a quadrangle with no rounded corners, the individual semiconductor structure portions after lift-off have a considerable ratio from the vicinity of the corners as shown in FIG. An X-shaped crack extending in the center is introduced.
- Patent Document 1 by making the shape of the cross section of the semiconductor structure as described above, stress concentrates on the corners during etching (vectors of etching progress from the outer periphery of the light emitting structure collide with each other). This can be avoided, and the occurrence of the X-type crack can be suppressed.
- Patent Document 1 can effectively suppress cracks extending from the corner to the center in each semiconductor structure after lift-off. As shown in FIG. 8B, it has been found that a new point-like crack is generated at a considerable ratio in the central portion of the semiconductor structure portion. Although there are no published patent documents or academic literatures that have caused the occurrence of such point-like cracks, it is an important issue to be solved for the mass production of group III nitride semiconductor LED chips with a vertical structure. is there. In addition, this problem is an important problem to be solved in mass production of semiconductor elements manufactured using any chemical lift-off method regardless of the group III nitride semiconductor vertical structure LED chip.
- the present invention provides a high-quality semiconductor element that suppresses not only the X-type crack extending from the vicinity of the corner of the semiconductor structure portion to the center portion, but also the occurrence of spot-like cracks occurring in the center portion, It is another object of the present invention to provide a method for manufacturing the semiconductor device.
- the gist of the present invention is as follows. (1) a first step of forming a semiconductor layer on a growth substrate via a lift-off layer; A part of the semiconductor layer is removed, and grooves in which a part of the growth substrate is exposed at the bottom are formed in a lattice shape, thereby forming a plurality of semiconductor structures having a substantially rectangular cross section. Two steps, A third step of forming a conductive support body integrally supporting a plurality of the semiconductor structure parts; A fourth step of removing the lift-off layer using a chemical lift-off method; Separating the conductive support bodies between the semiconductor structure portions, thereby separating each of the plurality of semiconductor elements having the semiconductor structure portions supported by the conductive support bodies.
- the lift-off is performed only from one side surface of each semiconductor structure portion.
- the etching solution Prior to the fourth step, the etching solution is supplied to only one of the four side surfaces of each of the semiconductor structure portions where the progress of etching starts, and the other three side surfaces
- the third step includes Capping a portion of the groove that does not form the embedded portion with a resin; Growing a conductive support that also serves as the embedded portion by plating on the surface of the semiconductor structure, the surface of the resin, and the exposed bottom of the groove; and Forming the through hole in the conductive support body; Removing the resin through the holes to make the portion of the groove a void; Have
- the fourth step the method for manufacturing a semiconductor element according to (4), wherein an etching solution is supplied from the through hole to the gap in the groove.
- a conductive support body and a semiconductor structure portion provided on a part of the conductive support body and having a substantially rectangular cross-sectional shape;
- the semiconductor element characterized in that the conductive support body covers three side surfaces or two opposite side surfaces among the four side surfaces of the semiconductor structure portion.
- the lift-off layer is etched from only one side surface in each of the plurality of semiconductor structure parts, any part of the surface of the semiconductor structure part on the lift-off layer side is removed in the process of removing the lift-off layer. No stress is concentrated.
- a high-quality semiconductor element that suppresses not only the X-type crack extending from the vicinity of the corner of the semiconductor structure portion to the central portion but also the generation of a spot-like crack generated in the central portion, and the semiconductor element are manufactured. It became possible to provide a method.
- FIG. 1A-(c) shows each process of the manufacturing method of the group III nitride semiconductor vertical structure LED chip 100 concerning one Embodiment of this invention with the typical side surface sectional drawing.
- D shows each process of the manufacturing method of the group III nitride semiconductor vertical structure LED chip 100 concerning one Embodiment of this invention with the model side sectional drawing following FIG. 1A. .
- F) to (h) are schematic side cross-sectional views showing each step of the manufacturing method of the group III nitride semiconductor vertical structure LED chip 100 according to the embodiment of the present invention, following FIG. 1B. .
- (A), (b) is a schematic cross-sectional view of the state of FIG. 1A (b) and FIG. 1B (d), respectively.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of one group III nitride semiconductor vertical structure LED chip 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing one step of a method for manufacturing a group III nitride semiconductor vertical structure LED chip 200 according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic perspective view of one group III nitride semiconductor vertical structure LED chip 300 according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
- (A)-(F) show each process of the manufacturing method of the conventional group III nitride semiconductor vertical structure LED chip 500 with a schematic side cross-sectional view.
- (A) is a schematic top view of the wafer in the state of FIG. 6 (E) in which a plurality of semiconductor structures before being singulated are formed
- (B) is a diagram along a broken line in (A). It is a model side view of one LED chip 500 separated.
- (A) is a photograph showing cracks generated in the semiconductor structure portion of the LED chip by another conventional manufacturing method
- (B) is a semiconductor structure of the LED chip by the conventional manufacturing method shown in FIGS. 6 and 7. It is a photograph which shows the crack which arose in the part.
- FIG. 1A is a cross-sectional view of the light emitting layer 105 in the state shown in FIG. 1B, and the II cross section in FIG. 2A corresponds to FIG. 1B.
- the cross-sectional views other than FIG. 1B are also in the same position. Further, the cross-sectional views other than FIG. 2A are similarly at the position of the light emitting layer 105.
- FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional view of the state shown in FIG. 1D, and the position of the resin 109 is also added.
- FIG. 2C is a cross-sectional view of the state shown in FIG.
- FIG. 2D is a cross-sectional view of the state shown in FIG.
- a first step of forming a semiconductor layer on a growth substrate via a lift-off layer is performed.
- a first-conductivity-type group III nitride semiconductor layer 104, a light emitting layer 105, and the first conductive layer are formed on a growth substrate 101 via a lift-off layer 102.
- a group III nitride semiconductor layer 106 of a second conductivity type different from the one conductivity type is sequentially laminated to form a semiconductor stacked body 103 as a semiconductor layer.
- a part of the semiconductor stacked body 103 is removed, and grooves 108 in which a part of the growth substrate 101 is exposed at the bottom are formed in a lattice shape.
- the second step of forming a plurality of independent semiconductor structures 107 having a quadrangular cross section and an island shape is performed.
- a third step of forming a conductive support body that integrally supports a plurality of the semiconductor structure portions is performed.
- the lattice-shaped grooves 108 are closed with resin 110 every other row in the vertical direction.
- the resin 110 only one side surface of each semiconductor structure 107 is covered with the resin 110.
- insulating films 118 are formed on three side surfaces of each semiconductor structure 107 that are not covered with the resin 110.
- a plating seed layer 111 is formed on the surface of the semiconductor structure 107, the surface of the resin 110, and the exposed bottom of the groove 108.
- the plating seed layer 111 is also formed on the surface of the insulating film 118.
- the insulating film 118 is formed on the three side surfaces, only one side surface of each semiconductor structure 107 can be covered with the resin 110.
- a resin column 109 extending upward from the surface of the plating seed layer 111 on the resin 110 is formed at an arbitrary position on the surface of the resin 110, in this embodiment, as shown in FIG.
- a conductive support body 112 is grown on the plating seed layer 111 by a plating method.
- the groove 108 not covered with the resin 110 is filled with the same material as that of the conductive support body 112, and this portion is used as the buried portion 113. . That is, in this embodiment, the conductive support body also serves as the embedded portion 113.
- through holes 114 are formed in the conductive support body 112 by removing the resin pillars 109. Furthermore, by removing the plating seed layer immediately below the through hole 114 and the resin 110 through the through hole 114, a portion of the groove 108 that is blocked by the resin 110 is defined as a void 115. As a result, the through hole 114 is provided in a portion of the conductive support body 112 located above the groove 108 that has become the gap 115, and communicates with the gap 115.
- a fourth step of removing the lift-off layer 102 is performed using a chemical lift-off method.
- all the semiconductor structure portions 107 face the groove 108 in which one side surface 117A is a gap 115, and the other three side surfaces 117B and 117C are closed by the embedded portion 113. It faces the groove 108. That is, the embedded portion 113 is formed in the groove so as to cover all the other three side surfaces 117B and 117C in each semiconductor structure portion 107.
- the etching solution is supplied only to the groove 108 that becomes the void 115 through the through hole 114, and is not supplied to the groove 108 that is blocked by the embedded portion. Therefore, as shown by the arrows in FIGS.
- the etching of the lift-off layer 102 proceeds from only one side surface 117A of the semiconductor structure 107 to the opposite side surface 117C. That is, in the embedded portion 113, the etching solution is supplied only to one of the four side surfaces 117A of the semiconductor structure portion 107 where the etching starts, and the etching solution to the other three side surfaces 117B and 117C. Has the function of inhibiting the supply of.
- the plating seed layer 111 immediately below the buried portion 113 is in contact with the growth substrate 101, so that the growth substrate 101 is not peeled from the semiconductor structure portion 107. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 1G, the portion of the plating seed layer 111 in contact with the growth substrate 101 is removed, and the growth substrate 101 is peeled off.
- the conductive support bodies 112 are separated from each other by cutting the broken lines in FIG. 2D between the semiconductor structure portions 107, and as shown in FIG. A plurality of LED chips 100 having the semiconductor structure 107 supported by the support body 112A are separated. Further, the upper electrode 116 is formed on the peeling surface side of the semiconductor structure 107.
- the inventors supply etching liquid from the gap 115 and etch the lift-off layer 102 in one direction from one side surface 117A of the semiconductor structure 107 to the side surface 117C opposite to the side surface.
- the inventors have found that cracks generated in the semiconductor structure 107 can be sufficiently suppressed.
- the effect of the progress of etching and the accompanying crack suppression is as follows.
- the lift-off layer is etched from only one side surface 117A of each semiconductor structure 107, the dissolution front portion moves in a straight line from the side surface 117A toward the opposite side surface 117C. It is possible to avoid stress concentration at the central portion of the semiconductor structure portion 107 at the final stage when the etching is completed. As a result, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of dot-like cracks at the central portion of the semiconductor structure portion 107. Further, since the stress is not concentrated at the corner because it is unidirectional etching, X-type cracks extending greatly from the corner to the center can also be suppressed.
- the shape of the cross section of the semiconductor structure portion does not have to be a circle or a shape with rounded corners, but can be a quadrangle. For this reason, the loss of the effective area per wafer can be reduced. That is, the yield per wafer can be increased by the effects of both crack suppression and effective area increase.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view of a group III nitride semiconductor vertical structure LED chip 100 according to the present invention, which can be obtained by the above manufacturing method.
- the LED chip 100 includes a conductive support body 112A, a second conductive semiconductor layer 106 provided on a part of the conductive support body 112A, a light emitting layer 105 provided on the second conductive semiconductor layer 106, And a semiconductor structure portion 107 having a first conductive semiconductor layer 104 having a conductivity type different from the second conductivity type provided on the light emitting layer 105 and having a substantially rectangular cross-sectional shape.
- the sexual support body 112A is characterized in that among the four side surfaces of the semiconductor structure 107, the sexual support body 112A covers three side surfaces of the side surface 117B and the side surface 117C. The side surface 117A is exposed. Note that an insulating film 118 and a plating seed layer 111 exist between the three side surfaces and the conductive support body 112A.
- the conductive support body 112 ⁇ / b> A functions as a lower electrode, and is paired with the upper electrode 116 provided on the semiconductor structure 107.
- the growth substrate 101 is preferably a sapphire substrate or an AlN template substrate in which an AlN film is formed on a sapphire substrate. What is necessary is just to select suitably by the kind of lift-off layer to form, the composition of Al, Ga, In of the semiconductor laminated body which consists of a group III nitride semiconductor, the quality of a LED chip, cost, etc.
- the lift-off layer 102 is preferable because a metal other than Group III such as CrN and a metal nitride buffer layer can be dissolved by chemical selective etching. It is preferable to form the film by sputtering, vacuum deposition, ion plating, or MOCVD. Usually, the thickness of the lift-off layer 102 is about 2 to 100 nm.
- the first conductivity type may be n-type and the second conductivity type may be p-type, or vice versa.
- the first conductive group III nitride semiconductor layer 104, the light emitting layer 105, and the second conductive group III nitride semiconductor layer 106 can be epitaxially grown on the lift-off layer 102 by MOCVD.
- the group III nitride semiconductor LED chip is shown.
- the material and layer configuration of the semiconductor structure portion are particularly limited as long as the semiconductor element is manufactured by a chemical lift-off method.
- the semiconductor structure includes a light emitting layer, it becomes an LED, and if it does not, it becomes another semiconductor element.
- the semiconductor structure 107 may be, for example, an AlInGaN-based or AlInGaPAs-based III-V group, or an II-VI group such as ZnO.
- the film thickness of the semiconductor structure 107 is usually about 0.5 to 20 ⁇ m.
- the cross-sectional shape of the semiconductor structure 107 is not particularly limited as long as it is substantially square, but is preferably rectangular from the viewpoint of effective area.
- This substantially quadrilateral includes, for example, a quadrilateral having a slightly rounded or chamfered corner.
- the side surface 117A to which the etching solution is supplied needs to have a linear region to the extent that the crack generation suppressing effect of the present invention is not hindered.
- One side of the semiconductor structure 107 is usually 250 to 3000 ⁇ m.
- the width of the groove 108 is preferably in the range of 40 to 200 ⁇ m, and more preferably in the range of 60 to 100 ⁇ m. This is because when the thickness is 40 ⁇ m or more, the etching solution can be sufficiently smoothly supplied to the groove 108, and when the thickness is 200 ⁇ m or less, the loss of the light emitting area can be minimized.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing one step of the manufacturing method of the LED chip 200 according to another embodiment of the present invention showing such an example, and corresponds to FIG.
- the air gap 215 is formed only on one side surface 217A of each semiconductor structure portion 207, and the other side surfaces 217B and 217C are covered with the embedded portion 213 via the insulating film 218 and the plating seed layer 211, Since the etching solution proceeds in the direction of the arrow, the semiconductor structure portion 207 can be etched in one direction.
- gap is formed in the groove
- the conductive support body 112 can also serve as a lower electrode.
- the conductive support body 112 can be formed by a plating method such as wet plating or dry plating.
- a plating method such as wet plating or dry plating.
- Cu, Ni, Au or the like can be used as the surface of the plating seed layer 111 (on the conductive support body side).
- an adhesion layer made of a metal or an insulator that is not etched in the subsequent chemical lift-off process but can be peeled off or removed after the chemical lift-off process It may be further provided between the growth substrate 101 and the plating seed layer 111.
- the adhesion layer for example, Ti, Al, Ni, Cr, Pt, Au, and alloys thereof, or SiO 2 and SiN can be used in a single layer or multiple layers.
- the thickness of the conductive support 112 on the semiconductor structure 107 is usually about 80 to 300 ⁇ m.
- a two-stage plating may be performed in which a thick plating layer having a thickness of about 80 to 200 ⁇ m is formed.
- the second plating may be performed after the lift-off layer removing step (fourth step).
- the conductive support body 112 is formed by a bonding method
- a conductive silicon substrate, a CuW alloy substrate, a Mo substrate, or the like in which the through holes 114 are formed in advance are suitable in terms of thermal expansion coefficient and thermal conductivity. The positions of the through holes are aligned and joined.
- the conductive support body 112 is preferably formed by a plating method. Note that it is easy to change the second plating formation in the above-described two-stage plating formation to a bonding method.
- the dimension of the through-hole 114 is preferably a rectangle or a circle having a side length or diameter of 40 to 100 ⁇ m from the viewpoint of the supply efficiency of the etching solution.
- an insulating film 118 is formed on the three side surfaces 117B and 117C covered with the conductive support body 112A.
- the plating seed layer 111 is a metal, and therefore does not function as an element if formed directly on the side surface of the semiconductor structure 107.
- SiO 2 or SiN can be used for the insulating film 118.
- a reflective layer may be further formed between the insulating film 118 and the plating seed layer 111.
- the plating seed layer 111 is formed after the insulating film 118 is formed.
- the plating seed layer 111 is formed without forming the insulating film 118, and the semiconductor structure 107 and the plating seed are formed after chemical lift-off.
- a gap may be formed between the side surface of the layer 111 by dry etching or the like, and the insulating film 118 may be formed in the gap.
- the third step includes a plurality of second conductions between the main surface of the second conduction type group III nitride semiconductor layer 106 of the plurality of semiconductor structures 107 and the plating seed layer 111. It is preferable to form an ohmic electrode layer in contact with each of the type III nitride semiconductor layer 106. More preferably, a reflective layer is further formed between the ohmic electrode layer and the plating seed layer 111, or the ohmic electrode layer also functions as the reflective layer. For the formation of these layers, dry film forming methods such as vacuum deposition, ion plating, and sputtering can be used.
- the ohmic electrode layer can be formed of a metal having a large work function, for example, a noble metal such as Pd, Pt, Rh, Au, Ag, or Co, Ni. Further, since the reflection layer has a high reflectance such as Rh, it can also be used as the ohmic electrode layer. However, when the light emitting region is a visible region, an Ag or Al layer is used. More preferably, a Ru layer or the like is used.
- an etching solution is supplied from the through hole 114 to the gap 115 of the groove 108. Therefore, before the fourth step, among the four side surfaces of the semiconductor structure 107, the etching liquid is supplied only to one side surface 117A where the progress of etching starts, and the opposing side surface 117C and the other two opposing side surfaces.
- the embedded portion 113 is preferably formed in the groove 108 so that the supply of the etching solution to 117B is hindered. By forming such a buried portion 113, the lift-off layer 102 can be etched from only one side surface 117A.
- an embedding portion may be provided in the groove 108 so as to cover the two opposite side surfaces 117B, and the groove facing the side surface 117C may be embedded with a material different from the air gap or the conductive support body.
- This embedding includes, for example, a resin that remains without introducing a solution path for dissolving a resin such as acetone. Without the acetone entry path, the resin cannot be removed prior to removal of the lift-off layer, and no etchant is supplied to the grooves facing the side surface 117C.
- the embedded portion of the two opposite side surfaces 117B obstructs the supply of the etching solution to the side surface 117C, and the supply of the etching solution is limited to the path from the through hole 114 to the gap 115.
- the lift-off layer 102 can be etched from only one side surface 117A.
- the etching solution may escape into the groove after the lift-off layer 102 has been etched, which may cause cracks at the side surface 117C side end of the surface of the semiconductor structure 107. is there. Therefore, it is preferable that the groove is not a void but is embedded.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view of a group III nitride semiconductor vertical structure LED chip 300 according to the present invention obtained by the manufacturing method in which the embedded portion 113 is provided in the groove 108 so as to cover only the two side surfaces 117B facing each other.
- the LED chip 300 includes a conductive support body 312A, a second conductive semiconductor layer 306 provided on a part of the conductive support body 312A, a light emitting layer 305 provided on the second conductive semiconductor layer 306, And a semiconductor structure portion 307 having a first conductive semiconductor layer 304 having a conductivity type different from the second conductivity type provided on the light emitting layer 305 and having a substantially rectangular cross-sectional shape.
- the characteristic support body 312A covers two opposite side surfaces 317B among the four side surfaces of the semiconductor structure portion 307. The side surfaces 317A and 317C are exposed. Note that an insulating film 318 and a plating seed layer 311 exist between the side surface 317B and the conductive support body 312A.
- the conductive support body 312A functions as a lower electrode, and is paired with an upper electrode 316 provided on the semiconductor structure 307.
- Removal of the resin column 109 and the resin 110 in FIGS. 1D to 1E is performed with a liquid capable of dissolving a resin such as acetone and alcohols.
- This liquid may be heated to a temperature below the boiling point.
- the plating seed layer 111 between the resin column 109 and the resin 110 is not dissolved in acetone or the like, but the plating seed layer 111 is a very thin film compared to the resin 110 and the column 109, and thus can be easily removed. It is. It may be removed mechanically or by metal etching or the like.
- the plating seed layer is removed, and the resin 110 therebelow is also removed with the same liquid, so that the through hole 114 and the gap 115 communicate with each other.
- the plating seed layer 111 may be partially removed to expose the resin 110, and the resin pillars (pillars) 109 may be formed directly on the exposed resin 110.
- the fourth step is preferably performed by the aforementioned general chemical lift-off method or photochemical lift-off method.
- Etching solutions that can be used include known ceric ammonium nitrate solutions and ferricyanic potassium solutions when the lift-off layer is CrN, and known etchants having selectivity such as hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, and organic acids when the lift-off layer is ScN. A liquid can be mentioned.
- the growth substrate 101 is preferably bonded to the conductive support body 112 via the plating seed layer 111.
- the plating seed layer 111 it is possible to suppress not only the central crack and the X-type crack, but also the end crack generated at the end portion of etching (side surface 117C side). Therefore, it is preferable that there is no etching property of the etching solution used for lift-off with respect to the plating seed layer 111 or that the bonding between the growth substrate and the plating seed layer 111 can be maintained even after the lift-off is completed.
- the growth substrate 101 can be mechanically peeled off, or a part of the plating seed layer 111 can be obtained by using a specific etching solution at a place where the plating seed layer 111 is in contact with the growth substrate 101 directly or via a connection layer. Can be removed by chemical removal.
- a suitable etching solution in the case of chemical peeling for example, a BHF solution (NH 4 F / HF / H 2 O) may be mentioned. However, the BHF solution may also etch unintended portions of the metal. For this reason, the plating seed layer 111 and the growth substrate 101 can be bonded with the lift-off layer etchant as the connection layer, but can be separated or selectively etched by other methods.
- a temporary bonding material (metal, insulating film, resin, or the like) different from that of the layer 111 may be separately formed.
- the surface of the semiconductor structure 107 exposed in the fourth step is cleaned by wet cleaning. Then, a predetermined amount can be removed by dry etching and / or wet etching. Therefore, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 5, the upper surface of the semiconductor structure 107 is lower than the conductive support body 112A.
- an n-type ohmic electrode and a bonding pad electrode as upper electrodes are formed by a lift-off method using a resist as a mask.
- Al, Cr, Ti, Ni, Pt, Au, etc. are used as the electrode material, and Ti, Pt, Au, etc. are formed as a cover layer on the ohmic electrode and the bonding pad to reduce wiring resistance and wire bond. Improve adhesion.
- a protective film (insulating film) such as SiO 2 or SiN may be provided on the exposed side surface and surface (excluding the bonding mud surface) of the semiconductor structure 107.
- the semiconductor structure 107 is cut using, for example, a blade dicer or a laser dicer.
- the laser dicer has a cutting margin of about 20 to 40 ⁇ m with respect to the width of the groove 108 of 40 to 200 ⁇ m
- the width of the conductive support body 112A covering the side surface of the semiconductor structure 107 after cutting is about 90 ⁇ m or less.
- the LED chip shown in FIG. 3 was produced by the manufacturing method shown in FIGS. Specifically, first, a Cr layer is formed on a sapphire substrate by sputtering and heat-treated in an atmosphere containing ammonia to form a lift-off layer (CrN layer, thickness: 18 nm), and then an n-type group III nitride.
- a Cr layer is formed on a sapphire substrate by sputtering and heat-treated in an atmosphere containing ammonia to form a lift-off layer (CrN layer, thickness: 18 nm), and then an n-type group III nitride.
- Sequential semiconductor layer (GaN layer, thickness: 7 ⁇ m), light emitting layer (InGaN-based MQW layer, thickness: 0.1 ⁇ m), p-type group III nitride semiconductor layer (GaN layer, thickness: 0.2 ⁇ m) in sequence
- a semiconductor laminate is formed by laminating, and then a part of the semiconductor laminate is removed by dry etching so that a part of the sapphire substrate is exposed, thereby forming a lattice-like groove.
- a plurality of independent semiconductor structures were formed in a square island shape.
- the width W of the semiconductor structure was 1200 ⁇ m, and the arrangement of the individual elements was a grid pattern.
- the pitch between elements is 1300 ⁇ m, that is, the groove width is 100 ⁇ m.
- An ohmic electrode layer (Ag, thickness: 0.2 ⁇ m) was formed on each p-type group III nitride semiconductor layer by EB vapor deposition. Further, an insulating film (SiO 2 , thickness of 0.6 ⁇ m) is formed by plasma CVD, and insulation other than a portion covering the three side surfaces not covered by the resin and a part on the semiconductor structure portion in each semiconductor structure portion. The film was removed by etching. Thereafter, in order to provide a gap for supplying the etching solution, as shown in FIG. 2B, a resin (photoresist) was provided in a part of the groove using a photolithographic method.
- a resin photoresist
- a plating seed layer (Ti / Ni) is formed on the surface of the semiconductor structure (strictly, on the surface of the ohmic electrode layer and the insulating film), the surface of the resin, and the exposed bottom and side surfaces of the groove by sputtering.
- / Au each thickness: 0.02 ⁇ m / 0.2 ⁇ m / 0.6 ⁇ m).
- a pillar for forming a 100 ⁇ m square through hole was formed at a position shown in FIG. 2B by a resin (thick film photoresist: thickness 30 ⁇ m).
- Cu thinness on the semiconductor laminate: 100 ⁇ m
- the plating was electroplating using a copper sulfate electrolyte, the temperature of the solution was in the range of 25 to 30 ° C., and the deposition rate was 35 ⁇ m / hr. As a result, a buried portion by Cu plating was formed in the groove in which the plating seed layer was formed.
- the lift-off layer was removed by a chemical lift-off method using a Cr selective etching solution as an etching solution.
- the etching solution was supplied to the lift-off layer through the above-described through holes by immersion in the etching solution, and in each semiconductor structure portion, the etching of the lift-off layer proceeded from only one side surface.
- the sapphire substrate side was slightly immersed in the BHF solution to dissolve the Ti of the plating seed layer at the portion joined to the sapphire substrate at the bottom of the groove, and the sapphire substrate was peeled off.
- the semiconductor structure after lift-off was observed with an optical microscope, and the occurrence of macro / micro cracks was examined.
- the number of surveys was 380,000, and there were no macro or micro cracks.
- the exposed n-type group III nitride semiconductor layer was etched by 3 ⁇ m in the thickness direction by dry etching, and the surface was further roughened by a KOH solution.
- an n-type ohmic electrode was formed on the n-type group III nitride semiconductor layer by sputtering using Ti / Al, and a pad electrode made of Ni / Au was further formed.
- an insulating film SiO 2 , thickness 0.3 ⁇ m
- the conductor support portion having the embedded portion was cut with a laser dicer, and a light emitting element in which the embedded portion covered three side surfaces of the four side surfaces in the semiconductor structure portion was formed.
- An LED chip was manufactured by the conventional manufacturing method shown in FIGS. Specifically, first, the same semiconductor stacked body as that of the example is formed on the sapphire substrate, and then a part of the semiconductor stacked body is removed by dry etching so that a part of the sapphire substrate is exposed. By forming, a plurality of independent semiconductor structures were formed in a circular island shape with a cross-sectional shape of a diameter of 1000 ⁇ m. The pitch between the elements of the semiconductor structure is 1250 ⁇ m.
- An ohmic electrode layer similar to the embodiment is formed on the p layer of the individual semiconductor structure, and then the photoresist is embedded in all the trenches, and the p-ohmic electrode layer portion of the individual semiconductor structure is opened, A plating seed layer (Ni / Au / Cu) was formed. Next, in order to prevent film formation during Cu plating described later, pillars were formed using a thick film resist. The formation position was on the side of the mesh surrounding the semiconductor structure as shown in FIG. The connection layer at the pillar formation position was removed in advance by etching.
- the liquid temperature was in the range of 25-30 ° C., and the film formation rate was 25 ⁇ m / hr.
- the pillar portion and the resist embedded in the groove were removed with acetone to form a through groove penetrating up and down the support body.
- the through groove shown in FIG. 7A was formed on four sides with a width of 70 ⁇ m and a length of 900 ⁇ m.
- the lift-off layer was removed by a chemical lift-off method, and the sapphire substrate was peeled off. At this time, in each semiconductor structure portion, etching of the lift-off layer proceeded from the outer peripheral portion of the semiconductor structure portion toward the central portion, and the central lift-off layer was finally removed.
- the high quality semiconductor element which suppressed not only the X-type crack extended from the corner vicinity of a semiconductor structure part to a center part but the generation
- Group III Nitride Semiconductor LED Chip 101 Growth Substrate 102 Lift-off Layer 103 Semiconductor Stack 104 First Conductive Group III Nitride Semiconductor Layer 105 Light-Emitting Layer 106 Second Conductive Group III Nitride Semiconductor Layer 107 Semiconductor Structure 108 Groove 109 Pillar of resin DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 110 Resin 111 Plating seed layer 112 Conductive support body 112A Conductive support body after cutting 113 Embed portion 114 Through hole 115 Void 116 Upper electrode 117A Side surface (side surface for supplying etching solution) 117B Two opposing side surfaces 117C Side surface (side surface on which etching solution reaches when etching is completed) 118 Insulating film
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Abstract
Description
(1)成長用基板の上にリフトオフ層を介して半導体層を形成する第1工程と、
該半導体層の一部を除去して、前記成長用基板の一部が底部で露出する溝を格子状に形成することで、横断面の形状が略四角形の半導体構造部を複数個形成する第2工程と、
複数個の前記半導体構造部を一体支持する導電性サポート体を形成する第3工程と、
ケミカルリフトオフ法を用いて、前記リフトオフ層を除去する第4工程と、
前記半導体構造部間で前記導電性サポート体を分離することにより、各々が導電性サポート体に支持された前記半導体構造部を有する複数個の半導体素子に個片化する第5工程と、を有し、
前記第4工程では、前記導電性サポート体の前記溝の上方に位置する部分に設けた貫通孔から前記溝へエッチング液を供給するにあたり、それぞれの前記半導体構造部の1つの側面のみから前記リフトオフ層のエッチングを進行させることを特徴とする半導体素子の製造方法。
前記溝の前記埋め込み部を形成しない部分を樹脂で塞ぐ工程と、
前記半導体構造部の表面、前記樹脂の表面、および露出している前記溝の底部にメッキ法により前記埋め込み部を兼ねた導電性サポート体を成長させる工程と、
前記導電性サポート体に前記貫通孔を形成する工程と、
前記孔を介して前記樹脂を除去することで、前記溝の前記部分を空隙とする工程と、
を有し、
前記第4工程では、前記貫通孔から前記溝の空隙へとエッチング液を供給する上記(4)に記載の半導体素子の製造方法。
前記導電性サポート体が、前記半導体構造部における4つの側面のうち、3つの側面、または、対向する2つの側面を覆うことを特徴とする半導体素子。
成長用基板101は、サファイア基板またはサファイア基板上にAlN膜を形成したAlNテンプレート基板を用いるのが好ましい。形成するリフトオフ層の種類やIII族窒化物半導体からなる半導体積層体のAl、Ga、Inの組成、LEDチップの品質、コストなどにより適宜選択すればよい。
半導体積層体103の一部の除去には、ドライエッチング法を用いるのが好ましい。これは、III族窒化物半導体層で構成される半導体積層体103のエッチングの終点を再現性良く制御できるからである。また、半導体積層体103が繋がった状態であると、後工程においてエッチング液でリフトオフ層102をエッチングすることができないため、この除去は、少なくとも成長用基板101の一部が露出するまで行うものとする。上記の本実施形態では、溝108の底部ではリフトオフ層は除去され、成長用基板101が完全に露出する例を示した。
本実施形態では、図2(b)に示すように、溝108を縦方向に1列おきに樹脂110で塞ぐ例を示したが、空隙115形成のために溝108に設ける樹脂110の位置は、それぞれの半導体構造部において1つの側面のみが空隙となり、他の3つの側面が埋め込み部113で覆われるようにすれば、特に限定されない。例えば、縦方向の溝のすべてについて、溝の左半分のみ樹脂を設けてもよい。図4は、このような例を示した本発明の他の実施形態にかかるLEDチップ200の製造方法の一工程を模式横断面図で示したものであり、図2(c)に対応する。この例でも、各半導体構造部207の一つの側面217Aのみに空隙215を形成し、他の側面217B,217Cは絶縁膜218およびメッキシード層211を介して埋め込み部213に覆われるようになり、矢印方向にエッチング液が進行するので、半導体構造部207に対して一方向のエッチングをすることができる。
第4工程は、前述の一般的なケミカルリフトオフ法またはフォトケミカルリフトオフ法により行うのが好ましい。使用可能なエッチング液としては、リフトオフ層がCrNの場合、硝酸第二セリウムアンモン溶液やフェリシアンカリウム系の溶液、リフトオフ層がScNの場合、塩酸、硝酸、有機酸など選択性のある公知のエッチング液を挙げることができる。
第5工程では、半導体構造部107間を例えばブレードダイサーやレーザーダイサーを用いて切断する。例えば、溝108の幅40~200μmに対し、レーザーダイサーの切りしろは20~40μm程度であるため、切断後に半導体構造部107の側面を覆う導電性サポート体112Aの幅は90μm以下程度となる。
図1および図2に示す製造方法で、図3に示すLEDチップを作製した。具体的には、まず、サファイア基板上に、スパッタ法によりCr層を形成しアンモニアを含む雰囲気中で熱処理することによりリフトオフ層(CrN層、厚さ:18nm)を形成後、n型III族窒化物半導体層(GaN層、厚さ:7μm)、発光層(InGaN系MQW層、厚さ:0.1μm)、p型III族窒化物半導体層(GaN層、厚さ:0.2μm)を順次積層して半導体積層体を形成し、その後、サファイア基板の一部が露出するよう、半導体積層体の一部をドライエッチングにより除去して格子状の溝を形成することで、横断面の形状が正方形の島状に独立した複数個の半導体構造部を形成した。半導体構造部の幅Wは1200μmであり、個々の素子の配置は碁盤の目状とした。素子間のピッチは1300μm、すなわち溝幅は100μmである。
図6および図7に示す従来の製造方法でLEDチップを作製した。具体的には、まず、サファイア基板上に、実施例と同じ半導体積層体を形成し、その後、サファイア基板の一部が露出するよう、半導体積層体の一部をドライエッチングにより除去して溝を形成することで、横断面の形状が直径1000μmの円形の島状に独立した複数個の半導体構造部を形成した。半導体構造部の素子間のピッチは1250μmである。
101 成長用基板
102 リフトオフ層
103 半導体積層体
104 第1伝導型III族窒化物半導体層
105 発光層
106 第2伝導型III族窒化物半導体層
107 半導体構造部
108 溝
109 樹脂の柱(ピラー)
110 樹脂
111 メッキシード層
112 導電性サポート体
112A 切断後の導電性サポート体
113 埋め込み部
114 貫通孔
115 空隙
116 上部電極
117A 側面(エッチング液を供給する側面)
117B 対向する2つの側面
117C 側面(エッチング終了時にエッチング液が到達する側面)
118 絶縁膜
Claims (8)
- 成長用基板の上にリフトオフ層を介して、半導体層を形成する第1工程と、
該半導体層の一部を除去して、前記成長用基板の一部が底部で露出する溝を格子状に形成することで、横断面の形状が略四角形の半導体構造部を複数個形成する第2工程と、
複数個の前記半導体構造部を一体支持する導電性サポート体を形成する第3工程と、
ケミカルリフトオフ法を用いて、前記リフトオフ層を除去する第4工程と、
前記半導体構造部間で前記導電性サポート体を分離することにより、各々が導電性サポート体に支持された前記半導体構造部を有する複数個の半導体素子に個片化する第5工程と、を有し、
前記第4工程では、前記導電性サポート体の前記溝の上方に位置する部分に設けた貫通孔から前記溝へエッチング液を供給するにあたり、それぞれの前記半導体構造部の1つの側面のみから前記リフトオフ層のエッチングを進行させることを特徴とする半導体素子の製造方法。 - 前記第4工程の前に、それぞれの前記半導体構造部における4つの側面のうち、エッチングの進行が開始する前記1つの側面にのみ前記エッチング液が供給され、他の3つの側面への前記エッチング液の供給を阻害する埋め込み部を、前記溝に形成する請求項1に記載の半導体素子の製造方法。
- 前記導電性サポート体が前記埋め込み部を兼ねる請求項2に記載の半導体素子の製造方法。
- 前記第3工程では、前記導電性サポート体をメッキ法により形成する請求項3に記載の半導体素子の製造方法。
- 前記第3工程は、
前記溝の前記埋め込み部を形成しない部分を樹脂で塞ぐ工程と、
前記半導体構造部の表面、前記樹脂の表面、および露出している前記溝の底部にメッキ法により前記埋め込み部を兼ねた導電性サポート体を成長させる工程と、
前記導電性サポート体に前記貫通孔を形成する工程と、
前記孔を介して前記樹脂を除去することで、前記溝の前記部分を空隙とする工程と、
を有し、
前記第4工程では、前記貫通孔から前記溝の空隙へとエッチング液を供給する請求項4に記載の半導体素子の製造方法。 - それぞれの前記半導体構造部における前記他の3つの側面全てを覆うように、前記埋め込み部を前記溝に設ける請求項2~5のいずれか1項に記載の半導体素子の製造方法。
- それぞれの前記半導体構造部における前記他の3つの側面のうち、対向する2つの側面を覆うように、前記埋め込み部を前記溝に設ける請求項2~5のいずれか1項に記載の半導体素子の製造方法。
- 導電性サポート体と、該導電性サポート体上の一部に設けられ、横断面の形状が略四角形の半導体構造部と、を有し、
前記導電性サポート体が、前記半導体構造部における4つの側面のうち、3つの側面、または、対向する2つの側面を覆うことを特徴とする半導体素子。
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JP2013535634A JP5774712B2 (ja) | 2011-09-28 | 2011-09-28 | 半導体素子およびその製造方法 |
US14/347,443 US9184338B2 (en) | 2011-09-28 | 2011-09-28 | Semiconductor device and method of manufacturing the same |
KR1020147011123A KR20140081841A (ko) | 2011-09-28 | 2011-09-28 | 반도체 소자 및 그 제조방법 |
PCT/JP2011/005485 WO2013046267A1 (ja) | 2011-09-28 | 2011-09-28 | 半導体素子およびその製造方法 |
CN201180073850.9A CN103890914B (zh) | 2011-09-28 | 2011-09-28 | 半导体元件及其制造方法 |
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US9537053B2 (en) * | 2012-09-28 | 2017-01-03 | Bbsa Limited | III nitride semiconductor device and method of manufacturing the same |
WO2014066740A1 (en) * | 2012-10-26 | 2014-05-01 | Element Six Technologies Us Corporation | Semiconductor devices with improved reliability and operating life and methods of manufacturing the same |
KR101652350B1 (ko) * | 2014-09-12 | 2016-09-01 | 주식회사 글로벌식스 | 기판 본딩 및 디본딩 장치 및 이를 이용한 반도체 소자 기판의 제조 방법 |
KR102546307B1 (ko) | 2015-12-02 | 2023-06-21 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 발광 소자 및 이를 포함하는 표시 장치 |
CN106299073B (zh) * | 2016-09-30 | 2019-02-19 | 映瑞光电科技(上海)有限公司 | 发光二极管晶圆及其形成方法 |
CN108878604B (zh) * | 2018-07-04 | 2020-01-21 | 中国科学院半导体研究所 | 一种垂直结构发光二极管芯片的制作方法 |
JP2024064494A (ja) * | 2022-10-28 | 2024-05-14 | 沖電気工業株式会社 | 半導体素子の製造方法、半導体層支持構造体、および半導体基板 |
JP2024064422A (ja) * | 2022-10-28 | 2024-05-14 | 沖電気工業株式会社 | 半導体素子の製造方法、半導体層支持構造体、および半導体基板 |
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US20140284770A1 (en) | 2014-09-25 |
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CN103890914A (zh) | 2014-06-25 |
CN103890914B (zh) | 2016-08-17 |
KR20140081841A (ko) | 2014-07-01 |
US9184338B2 (en) | 2015-11-10 |
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