WO2011048876A1 - 金属ナノ粒子含有複合体、その分散液、及びこれらの製造方法 - Google Patents
金属ナノ粒子含有複合体、その分散液、及びこれらの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011048876A1 WO2011048876A1 PCT/JP2010/065194 JP2010065194W WO2011048876A1 WO 2011048876 A1 WO2011048876 A1 WO 2011048876A1 JP 2010065194 W JP2010065194 W JP 2010065194W WO 2011048876 A1 WO2011048876 A1 WO 2011048876A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/16—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes
- B22F9/18—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds
- B22F9/24—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds starting from liquid metal compounds, e.g. solutions
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/05—Metallic powder characterised by the size or surface area of the particles
- B22F1/054—Nanosized particles
- B22F1/0545—Dispersions or suspensions of nanosized particles
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C5/00—Alloys based on noble metals
- C22C5/02—Alloys based on gold
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C5/00—Alloys based on noble metals
- C22C5/04—Alloys based on a platinum group metal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C5/00—Alloys based on noble metals
- C22C5/06—Alloys based on silver
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2301/00—Metallic composition of the powder or its coating
- B22F2301/10—Copper
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2301/00—Metallic composition of the powder or its coating
- B22F2301/25—Noble metals, i.e. Ag Au, Ir, Os, Pd, Pt, Rh, Ru
- B22F2301/255—Silver or gold
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a composite of a metal nanoparticle and a polymer obtained by a liquid phase reduction method, a dispersion thereof, and a production method thereof, and more specifically, at room temperature (1 to 1) without undergoing a substantial heating operation.
- the polymer is dried at 30 ° C.
- the polymer as the protective agent is detached from the surface of the metal nanoparticles, and the metal nanoparticles are easily fused to produce a metal film having a practically low volume resistivity on the order of 10 ⁇ 5 ⁇ cm.
- the present invention relates to a composite of metal nanoparticles and a polymer, a dispersion of the composite, a production method thereof, and a plastic substrate obtained using the composite.
- metal nanoparticles may exhibit different thermal and magnetic properties from ordinary bulk metal (metal bulk).
- metal nanoparticles may exhibit different thermal and magnetic properties from ordinary bulk metal (metal bulk).
- New reactions and material developments are actively conducted.
- ordinary gold particles are nonmagnetic, but ferromagnetic spin polarization appears in gold nanoparticles of several nanometers.
- Lewis acid appears in gold clusters of several nanometers, and coupling reactions based on this property and oxidation catalytic reactions due to activation of oxygen molecules are actively studied. ing.
- metal nanoparticles have the property of being fused together at a temperature significantly lower than the melting point of the elemental element.
- the melting point of silver exceeds 960 ° C.
- the fusion proceeds even at a temperature of 200 ° C. or less. Therefore, if this is converted into an ink or paint, it can be a conductive paint capable of printing and forming an electronic circuit even on a polymer film having low heat resistance.
- the adhesion between the substrate and the metal nanoparticles cannot be guaranteed, and the metal nanoparticles cannot be removed from the substrate.
- the expression of low resistivity only by drying at room temperature as a local phenomenon is not practical.
- the problem to be solved by the present invention is that a metal film having a practically low resistance value can be formed simply by drying at room temperature without providing a special heating and baking step or a protective agent removing step with a solvent. It is to provide a composite of metal nanoparticles such as gold, silver, platinum group, and copper and a polymer, a dispersion of the composite, a production method thereof, and a plastic substrate using the composite.
- metal nanoparticles In order to use metal nanoparticles as a conductive material, it must be made into a dispersion. Therefore, it is an essential condition for the metal nanoparticles to maintain stable dispersion for a long period of time without aggregation, fusion or precipitation in the dispersion.
- the protective agent must be removed to cause sufficient fusion between the metal nanoparticles. The only way to maintain stability in the dispersion is to protect the surface of the metal nanoparticles with an organic compound. Generally, in the metal nanoparticle thin film after being applied / printed on the substrate, since the protective agent remains coated with the metal nanoparticles, the fusion of the metal nanoparticles does not proceed. Heating is most effective for removing the protective agent.
- the organic compound protecting agent is thermally decomposed or thermally desorbed.
- the present inventors have found that a metal nanoparticle-containing complex obtained by adding a reducing agent to an aqueous solution of a metal compound in the presence of a protective agent containing a specific functional group is long-term in a solvent.
- the inventors have found that the metal nanoparticles can be spontaneously fused to form a highly conductive thin film only by drying at room temperature after coating, as well as stable dispersion, and the present invention has been completed.
- the present invention (I) a (meth) acrylate macromonomer (x1) having a polyethylene glycol chain (b1), —SR (R represents an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, a phenyl group which may have a substituent on the benzene ring, or a hydroxy group, an alkoxy group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, or 1 to 18 carbon atoms.
- R represents an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, a phenyl group which may have a substituent on the benzene ring, or a hydroxy group, an alkoxy group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, or 1 to 18 carbon atoms.
- the (meth) acrylate monomer (x2) having a phosphate ester residue (b2) represented by —OP (O) (OH) 2 is represented by —SR (R is the same as described above).
- a step of dropping an aqueous solution containing a polymer (B2) and a reducing agent (C) The present invention provides a method for producing a composite containing metal nanoparticles and a method for producing a dispersion of the composite.
- the present invention provides (I ′) a (meth) acrylate-based macromonomer (x1) having a polyethylene glycol chain (b1) and a phosphate ester residue (b2) represented by —OP (O) (OH) 2 (meth) It is obtained by polymerizing an acrylate monomer (x2) in the presence of a chain transfer agent (x3) having a functional group (b3) represented by -SR (R is the same as described above) (meta ) A step of dissolving the acrylic polymer (B3) in an aqueous medium; (II ′) adding the metal compound (A) or an aqueous solution of the metal compound (A) to the aqueous solution obtained in (I ′), (III ′) The mixed solution obtained in (II ′) is added to the reducing agent (C) or an aqueous solution of the reducing agent (C), or the (meth) acrylic polymer (B1) or the (meth) acrylic.
- An aqueous solution containing at least one (meth) acrylic polymer selected from the group consisting of the polymer (B2) and the (meth) acrylic polymer (B3) and the reducing agent (C) is dropped.
- the present invention provides a method for producing a composite containing metal nanoparticles and a method for producing a dispersion of the composite.
- the present invention is a metal nanoparticle-containing composite formed by coating metal nanoparticles (A ′) having a particle diameter of 2 to 50 nm with a (meth) acrylic polymer (B),
- a functional group (b3) represented by —SR (R is the same as described above
- a side chain includes a polyethylene glycol chain (Meth) acrylic polymer (B1) having (b1)
- At least one terminal is a phosphate represented by —SR (R is as defined above) and a functional group (b3) represented by —OP (O) (OH) 2 in the side chain A (meth) acrylic polymer (B2) having a residue (b2), and a metal nanoparticle-containing composite containing the residue, and this selected from the group consisting of water and an organic solvent having a hydroxy group
- the present invention also provides a dispersion of a metal nanoparticle-containing composite dispersed in one or more kinds of solvents, and a plastic
- a metal film having a volume resistivity of 10 ⁇ 5 to 10 ⁇ 6 ⁇ cm can be produced only by drying at room temperature. That is, according to the present invention, the firing step after coating the dispersion containing metal nanoparticles can be omitted or simplified, and there is no need for a step of eluting and removing the compound covering the metal nanoparticles. , Significant efficiency improvement of the process can be achieved. Furthermore, since a metal film can be formed on a substrate with poor heat resistance, it can be applied to a fine wiring technique on various substrates.
- the metal nanoparticle-containing composite dispersion obtained in Example 1 was coated on a glass plate, dried at room temperature, and after 12 hours and a half, the metal nanoparticles obtained by small-angle X-ray diffraction of the coating obtained Particle size distribution.
- 2 is a result of observing a crystallite diameter with time obtained by a wide angle X-ray diffraction method of the metal film obtained in Example 1.
- FIG. The results of observation of the crystallite diameter with time obtained by the wide-angle X-ray diffraction method of the metal film obtained in Example 1 are summarized as numerical values.
- 2 is a differential scanning calorimetry chart of a dried product of the metal nanoparticle-containing composite obtained in Example 1.
- FIG. 3 is a differential scanning calorimetry chart in which the initial sweep of the dried product of the metal nanoparticle-containing composite obtained in Example 1 is performed at 100 ° C., 150 ° C., and 180 ° C.
- FIG. 2 is a differential scanning calorimetric analysis chart of a dried product of an acrylic copolymer obtained in Synthesis Example 1.
- FIG. 19 is a SEM photograph image of a thin film cross section on a PET film obtained in Example 18.
- 2 is a SEM photograph image of a thin film cross section on a PET film obtained in Example 19.
- FIG. It is a TEM photograph image just after dripping the comparative metal nanoparticle containing complex dispersion liquid obtained by comparative example 1 on the copper grid for electron microscope observation, and room temperature drying.
- FIG. 1 It is a SEM photograph image of the membrane
- 2 is a particle size distribution of metal nanoparticles obtained by small-angle X-ray diffraction of a comparative metal nanoparticle-containing composite dispersion obtained in Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. It is the particle size distribution of the metal nanoparticles obtained by small-angle X-ray diffraction of the coating obtained by applying the composite dispersion containing metal nanoparticles for comparison obtained in Comparative Example 1 onto a glass plate and drying again at room temperature. .
- the metal nanoparticle-containing composite dispersion liquid for comparison obtained in Comparative Example 1 was applied onto a glass plate, dried at room temperature, and after 6 hours had elapsed, the metal nanoparticles obtained by small-angle X-ray diffraction of the film obtained
- the particle size distribution of A metal nanoparticle-containing composite dispersion liquid for comparison obtained in Comparative Example 1 was applied on a glass plate, dried at room temperature, and after 12 hours and a half, metal nanometers obtained by small-angle X-ray diffraction of the film obtained
- the particle size distribution of the particles. 3 is a result of observation of a crystallite diameter with time obtained by a wide-angle X-ray diffraction method of a metal film obtained in Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. The results of observation of the crystallite diameter over time obtained by the wide-angle X-ray diffraction method of the metal film obtained in Comparative Example 1 are summarized as numerical values.
- a thiol group is most commonly used as a sulfur-containing group, but it tends to have too high affinity for the metal surface and may cause blackening due to sulfide formation when preparing silver particles. . Therefore, as the sulfur-containing group, —SR (R is an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, a phenyl group optionally having a substituent on the benzene ring, a hydroxy group, or an alkoxy group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms.
- Group (b3) [hereinafter sometimes referred to as sulfide-type sulfur functional group (b3). It was considered that a phosphoric acid group having a phosphoric acid ester residue (b2) represented by —OP (O) (OH) 2 was easily available.
- both the sulfide-type sulfur functional group and the phosphate ester residue are soft ligands. And they can be coordinately bound to the surface of the metal nanoparticles.
- the bond is not a fixed bond but a bond in a fast dynamic equilibrium state. That is, the sulfide-type sulfur functional group and the phosphate ester residue form a bonded state in which they are coordinated or decoordinated to the surface of the metal nanoparticles.
- the polyethylene glycol chain in the same molecule is linked to the sulfide-type sulfur functional group and the phosphate ester residue and adsorbs to or disengages from the metal nanoparticle surface. Therefore, fusion of metal nanoparticles can be prevented.
- Such a state in the solution collapses by removing the aqueous medium, and the decoordinated protective agent associates with itself and causes phase separation with the metal nanoparticles. Therefore, in a dry state, there are few protective agents which cover a metal nanoparticle, and many metal nanoparticle surfaces will be in an exposed state. On the exposed surface, the fusion of the metal nanoparticles proceeds, and as a result, a film-like conductor is considered.
- the dispersion thereof, and the metal film obtained using these it has been confirmed that the above three physicochemical properties are combined, Confirmation that fusion at room temperature ( ⁇ 30 ° C) is in progress. This is not possible only with the idea of developing a compound known as a polymer pigment dispersant into metal nanoparticles.
- the first method for producing the metal nanoparticle-containing composite of the present invention is as follows.
- the (meth) acrylate monomer (x2) having a phosphate ester residue (b2) represented by —OP (O) (OH) 2 is represented by —SR (R is the same as described above).
- the second manufacturing method is (I ′) a (meth) acrylate-based macromonomer (x1) having a polyethylene glycol chain (b1) and a phosphate ester residue (b2) represented by —OP (O) (OH) 2 (meth) It is obtained by polymerizing an acrylate monomer (x2) in the presence of a chain transfer agent (x3) having a functional group (b3) represented by -SR (R is the same as described above) (meta ) A step of dissolving the acrylic polymer (B3) in an aqueous medium; (II ′) adding the metal compound (A) or an aqueous solution of the metal compound (A) to the aqueous solution obtained in (I ′), (III ′) The mixed solution obtained in (II ′) is added to the reducing agent (C) or an aqueous solution of the reducing agent (C), or the (meth) acrylic polymer (B1) or the (meth) acrylic.
- metal nanoparticles are those having a particle size of nanometer order, particularly 2 to 50 nm.
- the average particle diameter of the metal nanoparticles was dropped on a copper grid with a form bar film for electron microscope observation, which was used as a dispersion described later, and this was added to a JEM-2200FS transmission electron microscope (200 kv, manufactured by JEOL Ltd.). , Hereinafter abbreviated as TEM), and 100 arbitrary particles were taken out from the obtained photographic image and obtained as an average of their particle diameters. Therefore, the metal nanoparticles do not need to be a perfect sphere, and when observed in an elliptical shape, the particle diameter of the particles is defined as the longest diameter.
- the (meth) acrylic polymer stabilizes the metal nanoparticles in an aqueous medium.
- the (meth) acrylic polymer is designed so that sulfide-type sulfur functional groups, phosphate ester residues, and polyethylene glycol chains are present in the (meth) acrylic polymer as described above.
- the sulfide-type sulfur functional group is present at the end of the polymer, and the phosphate ester residue and the polyethylene glycol chain are present as side chains of the (meth) acrylic polymer.
- the phosphate ester residue and the polyethylene glycol chain are present in separate molecules
- a copolymer existing in the same molecule is also included. .
- the (meth) acrylate macromonomer (x1) having a polyethylene glycol chain (b1) used as a raw material for the (meth) acrylic polymer as a protective agent has a degree of polymerization of 2 (Meth) acrylates such as block copolymers of ethylene glycol and propylene oxide having ethylene glycol and propylene oxide having 2 to 50 repeating units as ethylene glycol (hereinafter referred to as both acrylates and methacrylates).
- 2 (Meth) acrylates such as block copolymers of ethylene glycol and propylene oxide having ethylene glycol and propylene oxide having 2 to 50 repeating units as ethylene glycol (hereinafter referred to as both acrylates and methacrylates).
- a polyethylene glycol having a degree of polymerization of 2 to 50 capped with an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or a block copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide having 2 to 50 repeating units as ethylene oxide Such as (meth) acrylate It is below.
- Commercially available products include NK Esters M-20G, M-40G, M-90G, M-230G, M-450G, AM-90G, 1G, 2G, 3G, 4G, 9G manufactured by Shin-Nakamura Chemical Co., Ltd. 14G, 23G, 9PG, A-200, A-400, A-600, APG-400, APG-700, Nippon Oil & Fats Co., Ltd.
- Examples of the (meth) acrylate monomer (x2) having a phosphate ester residue (b2) represented by —OP (O) (OH) 2 include, for example, Light Ester P-1M manufactured by Kyoeisha Chemical Co., Ltd. Unichemical Co., Ltd. Phosmer M, Phosmer PE, and the like are listed as commercially available monomers.
- a phosphate esterifying reagent such as phosphorus oxychloride or phenyl dichlorophosphate
- (meth) acrylic acid ester phosphate having an arbitrary structure can be easily obtained, it is also possible to use these. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- a (meth) acrylic polymer when synthesized, by using a chain transfer agent (x3) having a functional group (b3) represented by —SR (R is the same as described above), The said functional group (b3) can be introduce
- the alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms may be linear or branched, and may have an alicyclic structure.
- alkyl groups such as methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, isopropyl group, butyl group, isobutyl group, hexyl group, 2-ethylhexyl group, octyl group, decyl group and dodecyl group.
- an octyl group, a decyl group, and a dodecyl group are preferable in terms of the adsorption effect on the metal surface and the low volatility of the thiol compound (low odor).
- a hydroxy group, an alkoxy group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, an aralkyloxy group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, a phenyloxy group optionally having a substituent on the benzene ring One or more selected from the group consisting of a carboxy group, a salt of a carboxy group, a monovalent or polyvalent alkylcarbonyloxy group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms and a monovalent or polyvalent alkoxycarbonyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms
- the alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms having a functional group include 2-hydroxyethyl group, 2-hydroxypropyl group, 3-hydroxypropyl group, 8-hydroxyoctyl group, and 2,3-dihydroxypropyl.
- 2- (methoxycarbonyl) ethyl group 2- (2-ethylhexyloxycarbonyl) ethyl group, from the viewpoint of easy availability, conductivity of the obtained metal nanoparticles and smoothness when a film is formed, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl group, 2-hydroxyethyl group and carboxymethyl group are preferred.
- thioglycol, 2,3-dihydroxypropanethiol, thioglycolic acid, ⁇ -mercaptopropionic acid, ethyl ⁇ -mercaptopropionate, 2-ethylhexyl ⁇ -mercaptopropionate are reactive, readily available, and formed into a film. It is preferable from the viewpoint of surface smoothness.
- all of the (meth) acrylic polymers (B1), (B2), and (B3) used as the protective agent use gel permeation chromatography and have a small weight average molecular weight determined as a polystyrene equivalent value. If it is too large, the ability to hold the metal nanoparticles in the form of fine particles will be insufficient, and fusion between the metal nanoparticles may proceed during storage as a dispersion, and if too large, in the dispersion In view of the possibility of precipitation of the complex, etc., it is preferably in the range of 3,000 to 10,000, particularly preferably in the range of 4,000 to 8,000. For this reason, it is preferable to use more in this invention than the usage-amount of the chain transfer agent generally used when synthesize
- the amount of the chain transfer agent (x3) used is preferably in the range of 0.05 to 0.5 times the total number of moles of the (meth) acrylate monomer used as a raw material, The preferred range is 0.08 to 0.3 times mole.
- the presence ratio of the polyethylene glycol chain (b1), the phosphate ester residue (b2), and the sulfide-type sulfur functional group (b3) in the (meth) acrylic polymer that functions as a protective agent is a composite.
- the polyethylene glycol chain: phosphate ester residue: sulfide type sulfur functional group 1.0 to 15.0: An abundance ratio of 0.3 to 5.0: 1.0 is preferable, and an abundance ratio of 2.0 to 10.0: 0.5 to 3.0: 1.0 is more preferable. It is preferable.
- the mixing ratio of the meth (acrylic) polymer (B1) and the (meth) acrylic polymer (B2) is generally 20/1 to 1/1 (moles). Ratio), preferably in the range of 20/1 to 2/1, and most preferably in the range of 20/1 to 10/1.
- the (meth) acrylate-based monomer (x1) having the polyethylene glycol chain (b1) used as a raw material and the (meth) acrylate-based monomer having the phosphate ester residue (b2) are used.
- the use ratio with (x2) is preferably in the range of 1/2 to 10/1 in terms of the molar ratio represented by (x1) / (x2), particularly in the range of 2/3 to 7/1. It is preferable to use it.
- the acrylic polymer (B1), (B2) or (B3) used in the present invention may have the above-mentioned functional group as essential, and other functional groups, etc. within a range not impairing the effects of the present invention. May be included at the same time. That is, when obtaining as a copolymer of acrylic monomers, radically polymerizable monomers (x) other than the above-mentioned monomers (x1) and (x2) may be used in combination.
- Examples of the other radical polymerizable monomer (x) include (meth) acrylic acid, methyl (meth) acrylate, benzyl (meth) acrylate, 2-dimethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate, sulfoethyl (methacrylate) and the like. Can be mentioned. When these other radical polymerizable monomers (x) are used in combination, it is preferable to use them at a ratio of 10 mol% or less based on the total monomers.
- the (meth) acrylic polymer (B3) is a homopolymer of a (meth) acrylate macromonomer (x1) having a polyethylene glycol chain (b1).
- Copolymer (B1), (meth) acrylic polymer (B2) which is a homopolymer of (meth) acrylate monomer (x2) having phosphate ester residue (b2), and polyethylene glycol chain (b1) and phosphorus This is a mixture of a (meth) acrylic copolymer having an acid ester residue (b2) in the side chain. From this mixture, only the (meth) acrylic copolymer may be separated and purified and used for the following steps. However, considering the time and cost for purification, the mixture is used in the following steps as it is. It is preferable.
- concentration of the acrylic polymer (B3) the progress of the reduction reaction in the step of forming the metal nanoparticles by the viewpoint of uniform solubility and the step (III) or (III ′), that is, the reduction reaction of metal ions. It is preferable to adjust to 3 to 15% by mass from the viewpoint of being mild and easily forming metal nanoparticles having a uniform particle diameter.
- the aqueous medium used here can be arbitrarily mixed with water in order to adjust the solubility of the (meth) acrylic polymer (B1), (B2) or (B3) in addition to water alone.
- Various organic solvents preferably alcohols, water-soluble ethers, water-soluble ketones, carboxyamides, phosphoramides, sulfoxides, and the like may be used by mixing with water.
- the phosphate ester residue (b1) can be bonded to the surface of the metal nanoparticle that is effectively generated in the aqueous medium, and the particle of the metal nanoparticle
- organic amines can be added.
- the reaction is performed at a high concentration, it is preferable to add the organic amines.
- organic amines examples include triethylamine, butylamine, dibutylamine, diisopropylethylamine, N-methylmorpholine and the like, and these may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the amount added is 0. 0 with respect to the measured acid value of the mixture of the (meth) acrylic polymer (B1) and (meth) acrylic polymer (B2) to be used or the (meth) acrylic polymer (B3). It is preferably in the range of 5 to 2 equivalents.
- metal nanoparticles (A ′) are produced by reduction reaction in the aqueous solution of the (meth) acrylic polymer obtained in the step (I) or (I ′).
- the aqueous solution refers to a solution dissolved in the above-described aqueous medium.
- nanoparticles are formed by a reduction reaction and protected with the above-mentioned (meth) acrylic polymer (B1) and (B2) mixture or (meth) acrylic polymer (B3).
- the above-mentioned (meth) acrylic polymer (B1) and (B2) mixture or (meth) acrylic polymer (B3) There is no particular limitation as long as it is possible.
- gold, silver, copper and platinum group elements ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, Iridium and platinum
- silver, gold, platinum, palladium, ruthenium, rhodium and copper are more preferable, and silver, gold, platinum and copper are most preferable.
- metal compound (A) various salts and oxides can be used. From the viewpoint of solubility, acetates, nitrates, sulfates, chlorides, acetylacetonates and the like are preferable examples. Of these, nitrate or acetate is preferred. However, even if it is an insoluble compound, it can be used as a complexing agent such as ammonia, amine compounds, hydrazines, hydroxylamines, etc. Insoluble compounds such as can also be used.
- the metal element is gold or a platinum group
- tetrachloroauric acid tetrachloroplatinic acid
- palladium nitrate palladium acetate
- palladium chloride palladium oxide
- palladium sulfate or the like
- the metal species is copper, Cu (OAc) 2 , Cu (NO 3 ) 2 , CuCl 2 , Cu (HCOO) 2 , Cu (CH 3 COO) 2 , Cu (CH 3 CH 2 COO) 2 , CuCO 3 , CuSO 4 , C 5 H 7 CuO 2 , and a basic salt obtained by heating a carboxylate, such as Cu (OAc) 2 .CuO, can be used in the same manner.
- the metal species is silver, silver nitrate, silver oxide, silver acetate, silver chloride, silver sulfide and the like can be used. However, when handled as an aqueous solution, silver nitrate is preferable in terms of its solubility.
- the use ratio of the metal compound (A) is not particularly limited, but a mixture of the (meth) acrylic polymer (B1) and (B2) prepared in the step (I) or (I ′), or It is preferable to be in the range of 3 to 15% by mass with respect to the total mass of the polymer in the aqueous solution of the (meth) acrylic polymer (B3).
- the concentration of the metal compound (A) can be appropriately set depending on the solubility of the metal compound to be used in the aqueous medium, but generally it is easy to handle by adjusting the concentration within the range of 5 to 20% by mass. And the volume efficiency of the reactor is preferable.
- the step (III) or (III ') is a metal ion reduction reaction.
- the reducing agent (C) may be made into an aqueous solution in advance for the purpose of allowing the reduction reaction to proceed gently and stabilizing the resulting metal nanoparticles, and the reducing agent (C) and (meth). You may use as an aqueous solution which mixed acrylic polymer (B1), (B2), or (B3).
- the reduction reaction proceeds by dropping them into the aqueous solution prepared in the step (II) or (II ′) and mixing them.
- the compound that can be used as the reducing agent (C) is not particularly limited.
- the inorganic reducing agent includes hydrazine and hydroxylamine.
- Organic reducing agents include hydroxylamine compounds such as N, N-dialkylhydroxylamine, hydrazine compounds such as N, N-dialkylhydrazine, phenols such as hydroquinone and aminophenol, and phenylenediamines, 2-hydroxy Hydroxy ketones and hydroxycarboxylic acids such as acetone, 2-hydroxyhexane-1,3-dione and malic acid, and enediols such as ascorbic acid and 2,3-dihydroxymaleic acid can be used.
- amino alcohols and amine compounds such as triethanolamine used as a reducing agent in the electroless plating method can also be used.
- the medium is preferably water alone.
- the reducing agent may be used in any amount that can reduce the metal ions upon completion of the dropping, and is generally preferably used in an amount of 1 to 10 times the number of moles of metal ions.
- the use ratio of the (meth) acrylic polymer (B1), (B2) or (B3) is preferably in the range of 1 to 50% by weight with respect to the theoretical yield of the reduced metal.
- the rate at which the reducing agent is added is not particularly limited, and may be adjusted according to the reducing ability of the reducing agent with respect to the metal species. If a reducing agent having a high reducing power is diluted and slowly added, particles having a narrow particle size distribution can be obtained. In this case, from the viewpoint of productivity, it is desirable to complete the dropping in the range of 0.5 hours to 3 hours. Moreover, when using the mild reducing agent which a reaction advances by heating, the prescription added at a stretch may be sufficient.
- the stirring method is not particularly limited, and the stirring time is not limited.
- the metal nanoparticle-containing composite is obtained through the above-described steps. At this time, the metal nanoparticle content in the composite is 90% by mass or more, and the content is 92 to 98% by mass, which can be suitably used as a conductive material. Can also be easily obtained. In addition, metal nanoparticles having an average particle diameter of 2 to 50 nm can be obtained.
- the metal nanoparticle-containing composite obtained here as a conductive material, by-product impurities or (meth) acrylic polymers not involved in the protection (coating) of metal nanoparticles ( It is preferable to use after removing B1), (B2) or (B3), a reducing agent, etc., and then dispersing in a desired medium. At this time, if the metal nanoparticle-containing composite is precipitated (dried), the (meth) acrylic polymer (B1) or (B2) which is a protective agent gradually from the surface of the metal nanoparticle as the medium disappears.
- (B3) peels off and fusion of the metal nanoparticles proceeds, so that it is necessary to purify and concentrate at least in the presence of water so that these phenomena do not occur.
- a specific purification method it is preferable to apply a method such as ultrafiltration or centrifugation.
- a cross flow method using a flat membrane type or hollow fiber type module is a general industrial method, and the same applies to the present invention.
- the purification may be performed in combination with an ultrafiltration method, a centrifugal separation method and other purification methods such as a precipitation method by adding a water-soluble solvent.
- a centrifugal separation method such as a centrifugal separation method
- other purification methods such as a precipitation method by adding a water-soluble solvent.
- the dispersion of the metal nanoparticle-containing composite is composed of water and an organic solvent having a hydroxy group after being purified and concentrated in the presence of water without precipitating the metal nanoparticle-containing composite. It is obtained by dispersing in one or more solvents selected from the group. This dispersion makes it possible to adjust the concentration and change the solvent according to the purpose.
- organic solvent having a hydroxy group examples include alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol and n-propyl alcohol, and glycols such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether and propylene glycol monomethyl ether. It can be used alone, in combination of two or more, or in a mixture with water.
- An aromatic hydrocarbon solvent is also a good dispersion medium for the metal nanoparticle composite, and examples of the aromatic hydrocarbon solvent include benzene, toluene, xylene, and the like.
- the content of the metal nanoparticle-containing composite in the dispersion can be appropriately selected depending on the use of the dispersion, but is generally preferably 10 to 85% by mass, particularly at room temperature. From the standpoint of facilitating the heat treatment and improving the conductivity of the resulting metal film, it is preferable to adjust the content within the range of 20 to 70% by mass.
- the metal nanoparticle-containing composite of the present invention is a metal nanoparticle-containing composite in which metal nanoparticles (A ′) having a particle diameter of 2 to 50 nm are coated with a (meth) acrylic polymer (B).
- the (meth) acrylic polymer (B) has at least one functional group (b3) represented by —SR (where R is the same as described above) and polyethylene in the side chain.
- At least one terminal is a functional group (b3) represented by —SR (R is the same as above), and polyethylene is present in the side chain. It may contain a (meth) acrylic copolymer having a glycol chain (b1) and a phosphate ester residue (b2) represented by —OP (O) (OH) 2 .
- the metal nanoparticle (A ′) is obtained by the reduction reaction of the metal ion in the metal compound (A) described above, and the metal species is the same as the metal species in the metal compound (A) to be used.
- the (meth) acrylic polymer (B) is a mixture of the aforementioned (meth) acrylic polymers (B1) and (B2), or a (meth) acrylic polymer (B3), and has a weight average molecular weight. Is preferably in the range of 3,000 to 10,000.
- the content of the metal nanoparticles (A ′) in the metal nanoparticle-containing composite is preferably 90% by mass or more from the viewpoint that it can be suitably used as a conductive material.
- the content is preferably -98% by mass.
- the dispersion of the metal nanoparticle-containing composite of the present invention is obtained by dispersing the metal nanoparticle-containing composite in one or more solvents selected from the group consisting of water and an organic solvent having a hydroxy group. .
- Dispersion in an organic solvent having no hydroxy group is possible as long as the solvent is replaced with an organic solvent having a hydroxy group once and the solvent is further changed.
- the concentration is not particularly limited and can be set as appropriate according to the use and the like, but is preferably in the range of 10 to 85% by mass from the viewpoint of easy handling. Any of the aforementioned organic solvents having a hydroxy group can be used.
- the method for producing the dispersion is preferably the above-described method from the viewpoint of efficiently obtaining a dispersion.
- Metal film Applying the dispersion of the metal nanoparticle-containing composite of the present invention as it is, or applying various compositions containing the dispersion (coating composition, adhesive composition, water-based ink, etc.) to the substrate and drying.
- a conductive metal film can be obtained.
- a metal film includes the coating film coated extensively, the thing filled between joining parts, and the thin line
- the base material that can be used at this time is not particularly limited. Since the dispersion of the metal nanoparticle-containing composite of the present invention does not require heating or solvent treatment for fusion, the substrate can be selected without further consideration for heat resistance and solvent resistance, It can be applied on various substrates and electrical wiring can be drawn. That is, the substrate is not limited, and materials such as thermoplastic resin, thermosetting resin, glass, paper, metal, and ceramics can be used.
- thermoplastic resin examples include resins such as polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, aromatic polyamide, polycarbonate, and thermoplastic polyimide, and compatibility with these is important from the viewpoint of flexibility.
- thermosetting resin examples include a phenol resin, an epoxy resin, an unsaturated polyester, and a thermosetting polyimide resin.
- the drying conditions after coating are not particularly limited as long as the volatile components in the dispersion or the composition containing the dispersion can be removed, and a conductive metal film can be obtained without heating or heating.
- a conductive metal film can be obtained without heating or heating.
- the dispersion of the metal nanoparticle-containing composite of the present invention obtained as described above when used as it is, it exhibits a volume resistivity of 50 ⁇ cm or less after drying at 1 to 30 ° C., and the metal The film has a property that was not observed in the composition containing conventional metal nanoparticles, that the film does not show an exothermic peak derived from fusion between metal nanoparticles by differential scanning calorimetry at ⁇ 20 to 150 ° C.
- exothermic peak derived from the fusion between the metal nanoparticles is not shown means that, in the temperature range, the endotherm considered to be derived from the (meth) acrylic polymer as a protective agent (in a low temperature region of 10 to 30 ° C., This means that a clear peak of 1 J / g or more cannot be observed other than the endotherm considered to be caused by the glass transition of the (meth) acrylic copolymer.
- the volume resistivity after 10 hours at 20 to 30 ° C. becomes 10 ⁇ cm or less, so that the dispersion obtained in the present invention proceeds with the fusion of the metal nanoparticles (A) only by leaving at room temperature.
- Example 1 As means for confirming the fusion of the metal nanoparticles (A) at room temperature (20 to 30 ° C.), the present inventor further advanced the analysis using differential scanning calorimetry, small angle X-ray diffraction, and wide angle X-ray diffraction. .
- a metal film using the composite dispersion obtained in Example 1 will be described as an example.
- the particle size of the composite in this dispersion has a distribution of 10 to 50 nm (Fig. 3.1), but once dried, the particle size distribution becomes completely different. It was found that the distribution range was expanded to 100 nm or more at a stretch (Fig. 3.2). Moreover, this distribution shows a tendency to gradually spread over 12.5 hours (FIGS. 3.3 and 3.4), and the progress of fusion over time can be seen.
- the silver nanoparticles immediately after the coating film formation had a crystallite diameter of 11 nm, but 12 nm in 6 hours and 15 nm in 12.5 hours. It grew to about 36% (Fig. 5). This indicates that the particles have an amorphous part (amorphous) even immediately after drying.
- the -SR group and phosphate ester residue of the (meth) acrylic polymer which is a protective agent, strongly adsorbs to the surface of the metal nanoparticles in the dispersion, preventing aggregation and sedimentation and stabilizing small particle size particles.
- FIG. 7 and 8 show a TEM image and an SEM image of a comparative silver nanoparticle-containing composite produced using a polymer compound that does not contain a phosphate ester residue.
- FIG. 9.1 to FIG. 9.4 show the particle size distribution and the change with time by small-angle X-ray diffraction. I could't.
- FIG. 10 shows the observation result by wide-angle X-ray diffraction, but the crystallite diameter is fixed, and no growth was observed.
- the volume resistivity of the room temperature dry coating film obtained from this dispersion was only 9.2 ⁇ 10 0 ⁇ cm, and it did not show room temperature fusibility.
- the use of the metal nanoparticle-containing composite of the present invention and the dispersion thereof is not particularly limited, but it is used to form a conductive film on a substrate or part that cannot be heated or heated. It is preferable.
- organic solvents various resins, additives, coloring compounds such as dyes, fillers, etc., in combination and mixed within the range that does not impair the effects of the present invention. It is.
- Metal nanoparticle-containing composite, dispersion, and metal film evaluation method [production of metal film for evaluation] About 0.5 mL of the dispersion was dropped approximately 1 cm from one end of a clean glass slide of 7.6 ⁇ 2.6 cm, and developed using a bar coater (# 8) to form a thin metal film. Or, take a few drops of the dispersion on a 7.6 ⁇ 2.6 cm piece of polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyimide (PI), and apply a bar coater (No. 8) as above. A thin metal film was used. The produced metal film was air-dried at room temperature (25 ° C.) for 30 minutes and 1 day to obtain a room temperature dry metal film. Moreover, after 30 minutes of air drying, it heated for 30 minutes in a 100 and 150 degreeC hot-air dryer, and it was set as the baked metal film by each temperature.
- PEN polyethylene naphthalate
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- PI
- Cellophane tape was affixed to the metal film immediately after preparation on the glass plate by the above-mentioned method, and the metal film which was left to stand at room temperature for 6 hours and 12 hours and a half, and after being well pressed with a finger, the metal film was peeled off.
- the metal film on the cellophane tape was measured using a RINT TTR2 type X-ray small angle scattering measuring device (50 kv, 300 mA, manufactured by Rigaku Corporation).
- particle size measurement by dynamic light scattering method A part of the dispersion was diluted with purified water, and the particle size distribution and average particle size were measured with an FPAR-1000 type dense particle size analyzer (manufactured by Otsuka Electronics Co., Ltd.).
- a film sample on which a metal thin film is formed is cut into small pieces of about 0.3 ⁇ 1 cm, embedded in a visible light curable resin (D-800 manufactured by JEOL Ltd.), and then a visible light irradiation device (ICI Japan).
- LUX-SPOT LS-800 was used to cure by irradiation with light from two directions at room temperature for 30 seconds each time to obtain an embedded sample.
- This embedded sample was cut in the direction including the cross section of the film sample using an ultramicrotome (Ultracut S manufactured by Leica Microsystems) equipped with a diamond knife for trimming (Cryotrim 45 ° manufactured by Diatom). A sample was obtained.
- Example 1 [Synthesis of (meth) acrylic polymer (B3-1) containing methoxycarbonylethylthio group, phosphate ester residue, polyethylene glycol chain]
- MEK methyl ethyl ketone
- 20 parts of phosphooxyethyl methacrylate (Kyoeisha Chemical Co., Ltd.
- a reducing agent solution comprising 463 g (4.41 mol) of 85% N, N-diethylhydroxylamine, the (meth) acrylic polymer (B3-1) obtained above (equivalent to 23.0 g of non-volatiles), and 1250 g of water was prepared.
- a (meth) acrylic polymer (B3-1) equivalent to 11.5 g of non-volatiles was dissolved in 333 g of water, and a solution of 500 g (2.94 mol) of silver nitrate in 833 g of water was added thereto and stirred well. did.
- the reducing agent solution was added dropwise to this mixture at room temperature (25 ° C.) over 2 hours.
- the obtained reaction mixture was filtered with a membrane filter (pore diameter 0.45 micrometer), and the filtrate was in a hollow fiber type ultrafiltration module (MOLSEP module FB-02, manufactured by Daisen Membrane Systems Co., Ltd., molecular weight cut off 150,000).
- the amount of water corresponding to the amount of the filtrate flowing out was added at any time for purification. After confirming that the electric conductivity of the filtrate was 100 ⁇ S / cm or less, water injection was stopped and the filtrate was concentrated.
- a dispersion of a silver nanoparticle-containing composite having a nonvolatile content of 36.7% (the dispersion medium is water) was obtained (742.9 g).
- the average particle size of the composite by the dynamic light scattering method was estimated to be 39 nm and 10-40 nm from the TEM image (FIG. 1).
- FIG. 2 The obtained SEM image of the film immediately after film formation is shown in FIG. 2, and the particle size distribution of silver nanoparticles in the film immediately after film formation obtained by small angle X-ray diffraction is shown in FIG. 3.3 and 3.4 are the particle size distributions after 6 hours and 12 and a half hours, respectively.
- FIG. 3.1 is a particle size distribution of silver nanoparticles obtained by small-angle X-ray diffraction when in a solution state.
- FIG. 4 shows the crystallite size of the dried product of the composite obtained above, measured over time by wide angle X-ray diffraction. According to this, growth of crystallite diameter with time was recognized.
- FIG. 5 shows a differential scanning calorimetry chart.
- An endothermic peak is observed in the low temperature range of 10 to 30 ° C. from the time of the first sweep, which is considered to be derived from the (meth) acrylic polymer (B3-1) which is a protective agent.
- the phenomenon of the protective agent peeling at room temperature has not been reported so far.
- the scanning range up to 200 ° C. no sharp exothermic peak corresponding to the fusion of silver nanoparticles was observed, and only a broad exotherm starting from about 70 ° C. was observed.
- FIG. 6 shows an analysis chart when the upper limit of the first temperature increase is changed to 100, 150, and 180 ° C. It can be seen that the peak derived from the (meth) acrylic polymer (B3-1) appearing in the second sweep gradually increases as the initial upper limit temperature rises and converges to a peak around 30 ° C.
- Example 2 [Synthesis of (meth) acrylic polymer (B3-2) containing 2- (2-ethylhexyloxycarbonyl) ethylthio group and phosphate residue] Instead of 4.1 parts of methyl mercaptopropionate in Example 1, 11.2 parts of mercaptopropionic acid 2-ethylhexyl were used, and the same procedure as in Example 1 was carried out, and (meth) having a nonvolatile content of 73.2% An aqueous solution of an acrylic polymer (B3-2) was obtained. The polymer had a weight average molecular weight of 4,100 and an acid value of 98.1 mgKOH / g.
- a reducing agent solution consisting of 5.56 g (53.0 mmol) of 85% N, N-diethylhydroxylamine, the (meth) acrylic polymer (B3-2) obtained above (corresponding to 106 mg of non-volatile matter), and 15 g of water. was prepared. Separately, a (meth) acrylic polymer (B3-2) equivalent to 106 mg of non-volatiles was dissolved in 5 g of water, and a solution of 6.00 g (35.3 mmol) of silver nitrate dissolved in 10 g of water was added thereto and stirred well. did.
- the reducing agent solution was added dropwise to this mixture at room temperature (25 ° C.) over 2 hours.
- the obtained reaction mixture was filtered with a membrane filter (pore diameter 0.45 micrometer), and the filtrate was in a hollow fiber type ultrafiltration module (MOLSEP module HIT-1 type, manufactured by Daisen Membrane Systems Co., Ltd., molecular weight cut off 150,000).
- the amount of water corresponding to the amount of the filtrate flowing out was added at any time for purification.
- water injection was stopped and the filtrate was concentrated.
- a dispersion of a composite containing silver nanoparticles having a nonvolatile content of about 30% was obtained. This dispersion was applied to a glass slide using a bar coater (# 8) and dried at room temperature.
- the volume resistivity of the film immediately after drying was 4.1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 ⁇ cm.
- Example 3 (Production of (meth) acrylic polymer (B3-3) containing 2,3-dihydroxypropylthio group and phosphate ester residue and silver nanoparticle-containing composite dispersion using the same)
- aqueous solution of the polymer (B3-3) was obtained.
- the polymer had a weight average molecular weight of 5,500 and an acid value of 95.1 mgKOH / g.
- Example 4 [Production of (meth) acrylic polymer (B3-4) containing 2-hydroxyethylthio group and phosphate ester residue and silver nanoparticle-containing composite dispersion using the same] (Meth) acrylic polymer having a non-volatile content of 56.4%, except that 11.2 parts of 2-ethylhexyl mercaptopropionate in Example 2 was replaced with 2 parts of thioglycol, and the other operations were the same as in Example 2. An aqueous solution of (B3-4) was obtained. The weight average molecular weight was 6,700, and the acid value was 94.9 mgKOH / g.
- Example 5 (Production of (meth) acrylic polymer (B3-5) containing a carboxymethylthio group and a phosphate ester residue, and a silver nanoparticle-containing composite dispersion using the same)
- 2 parts of thioglycolic acid was used, and the other operations were carried out in the same manner as in Example 2 to produce a (meth) acrylic compound having a nonvolatile content of 65.1%.
- An aqueous solution of the polymer (B3-5) was obtained.
- the weight average molecular weight was 6,800, and the acid value was 92.1 mgKOH / g.
- Example 6 (Production of (meth) acrylic polymer (B3-6) containing dodecylthio group and phosphate ester residue, and silver nanoparticle-containing composite dispersion using the same)
- 6 parts of dodecyl mercaptan was used, and the other operations were carried out in the same manner as in Example 2 to produce a (meth) acrylic heavy polymer having a nonvolatile content of 77.7%.
- An aqueous solution of the union (B3-6) was obtained.
- the weight average molecular weight was 9,600, and the acid value was 97.0 mgKOH / g.
- Example 7 [Production of copper nanoparticle-containing composite]
- the (meth) acrylic polymer (B3-1) obtained in Example 1 (2.00 g in terms of solid content) was dissolved in 40 mL of water, and 10.0 g (50.09 mmol) of copper acetate hydrate was added. What was dissolved in 500 mL of water was added. An 80% aqueous hydrazine solution (about 160 mmol) was added dropwise over about 2 hours so that foaming occurred gently, and the mixture was further stirred for 1 hour at room temperature until the foaming stopped, to obtain a reddish brown solution.
- Example 8 [Production of gold nanoparticle-containing composite]
- the (meth) acrylic polymer (B3-1) obtained in Example 1 (0.102 g in terms of solid content) was dissolved in 5 mL of water, and 1.00 g of tetrachloroauric acid / trihydrate (2 .54 mmol) dissolved in 5 mL of water was added.
- 5 mL of an aqueous solution of 1.81 g (20.31 mmol) of dimethylaminoethanol was added and stirred at room temperature for 2 hours to obtain a dark red solution. This was put into an ultrafiltration unit (Sartorius Stedim Vivaspin 20, 50,000 molecular weight cut off, 2 pieces) and filtered by centrifugal force (5800 G).
- Example 9 [Reduction with Triethanolamine]
- the (meth) acrylic polymer (B3-1) obtained in Example 1 (0.106 g in terms of solid content) was dissolved in 12 mL of water, to which 12 mL of 1 mol / L nitric acid was added, and then silver nitrate 6 A solution in which 0.000 g (35.3 mmol) was dissolved in 24 mL of water and 13.2 g (88.3 mmol) of triethanolamine were added and stirred at 60 ° C. for 2 hours to obtain a cloudy brown solution.
- Example 10 [Reduction with 2-dimethylaminoethanol]
- the (meth) acrylic polymer (B3-1) obtained in Example 1 (0.106 g in terms of solid content) was dissolved in 12 mL of water, to which 12 mL of 1 mol / L nitric acid was added, and then silver nitrate 6 A solution of 0.000 g (35.3 mmol) dissolved in 24 mL of water was added.
- a solution prepared by dissolving 7.87 g (88.3 mmol) of 2-dimethylaminoethanol in 15 mL of water was slowly added dropwise to this solution at room temperature. After dropping, the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 days to obtain a cloudy brown solution.
- Example 11 [Solvent Exchange 1 to Ethanol] 85% N, N-diethylhydroxylamine 5.55 g (53.0 mmol), (meth) acrylic copolymer (B3-1) obtained in Example 1 (corresponding to 106 mg of non-volatile matter), and 15 g of water A reducing agent solution was prepared. Separately, a (meth) acrylic polymer (B3-1) equivalent to 106 mg of a non-volatile material was dissolved in 5 g of water, and a solution obtained by dissolving 6.00 g (35.3 mmol) of silver nitrate in 10 g of water was added thereto and stirred well. did.
- the above-mentioned reducing agent solution was added dropwise to the mixture over 2 hours under ice cooling.
- the obtained reaction mixture is circulated in a hollow fiber type ultrafiltration module (MOLSEP module HIT-1 type, manufactured by Daisen Membrane Systems Co., Ltd., molecular weight cut off 150,000), and an amount of water corresponding to the amount of the filtrate flowing out is supplied. It was added at any time for purification. After confirming that the electric conductivity of the filtrate was 100 ⁇ S / cm or less, water injection was stopped and the filtrate was concentrated to about 10 mL. While adding ethanol to the ultrafiltration system, an amount of ethanol corresponding to the amount of the filtrate flowing out was added at any time to perform solvent exchange.
- Example 12 [Solvent exchange to ethanol 2] 100 g of the dispersion obtained in Example 1 was again circulated through the hollow fiber ultrafiltration module (MOLSEP module HIT-1-FUS-1582, manufactured by Daisen Membrane Systems Co., Ltd., molecular weight cut off 150,000) and distilled. The amount of ethanol corresponding to the amount of filtrate to be added was added as needed to perform solvent exchange. This operation was continued until turbidity did not occur even when hexane was added to 1 part of the distillate, and about 200 mL was distilled further. When the ethanol dispersion was recovered, an ethanol dispersion of a silver nanoparticle-containing composite having a nonvolatile content of 30.4% was obtained (121 g).
- MOLSEP module HIT-1-FUS-1582 manufactured by Daisen Membrane Systems Co., Ltd., molecular weight cut off 150,000
- the average particle size of the composite according to the dynamic light scattering method was 55 nm, and there was no change in the TEM image before the solvent exchange, and the particle size was estimated to be 10 to 40 nm.
- a small amount of this dispersion was placed on a slide glass, developed with a No. 8 bar coater, and dried at room temperature.
- the volume resistivity of the dried coating film was 2.2 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 ⁇ cm.
- Example 13 [Solvent exchange to 2-propanol] In the same manner as in Example 12, except that about 15 g of the dispersion obtained in Example 1 was used and the solvent to be exchanged was 2-propanol, 2 of the composite containing silver nanoparticles having a nonvolatile content of 23.3% was obtained. A propanol dispersion was obtained. A small amount of this dispersion was placed on a slide glass, developed with a No. 8 bar coater, and dried at room temperature. The volume resistivity of the dried coating film was 5.3 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 ⁇ cm.
- Example 14 [Solvent exchange from ethanol to toluene] 20 g of the ethanol dispersion obtained in Example 12 was placed in a 200 mL concentration flask, 50 mL of toluene was added, and the mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure using an evaporator set to a water bath temperature of 40 ° C. When the liquid volume reached approximately 20 mL, 50 mL of toluene was added again and concentrated under reduced pressure. This operation was repeated once more to obtain a toluene dispersion of a silver nanoparticle-containing composite having a nonvolatile content of 20.0%. A small amount of this dispersion was placed on a slide glass, developed with a No. 8 bar coater, and dried at room temperature. The volume resistivity of the dried coating film was 7.6 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 ⁇ cm.
- Example 15 [Synthesis of (meth) acrylic polymer (B1-1) having carboxymethylthio group and polyethylene glycol chain] MEK (64 parts) was charged into a four-necked flask equipped with a thermometer, a stirrer and a reflux condenser, and the temperature was raised to 80 ° C. with stirring in a nitrogen stream. Next, 80 parts of methoxypolyethylene glycol methacrylate (PME-1000), 4.1 parts of mercaptoacetic acid, 80 parts of MEK, and a mixture of 0.5 parts of polymerization initiator V-65 and 5 parts of MEK were taken over 2 hours. And dripped.
- PME-1000 methoxypolyethylene glycol methacrylate
- MEK methoxypolyethylene glycol methacrylate
- MEK methoxypolyethylene glycol methacrylate
- a solution prepared by dissolving 500 g (2.94 mol) of silver nitrate in 833 g of water was added and stirred well.
- the reducing agent solution was added dropwise to this mixture at room temperature (25 ° C.) over 2 hours.
- the obtained reaction mixture was filtered with a membrane filter (pore diameter 0.45 micrometer), and the filtrate was in a hollow fiber type ultrafiltration module (MOLSEP module FB-02, manufactured by Daisen Membrane Systems Co., Ltd., molecular weight cut off 150,000).
- the amount of water corresponding to the amount of the filtrate flowing out was added at any time for purification. After confirming that the electric conductivity of the filtrate was 100 ⁇ S / cm or less, water injection was stopped and the filtrate was concentrated.
- a dispersion of a composite containing silver nanoparticles having a nonvolatile content of 48.3% was obtained (561.7 g).
- the average particle size of the composite by dynamic light scattering was estimated to be 49 nm, and 10 to 40 nm from the TEM image. It was 94.2 w / w% when the silver content in a non-volatile material was measured by the thermogravimetric analysis.
- Example 16 [Solvent exchange to ethanol 2] The medium was converted to ethanol in the same manner as in Example 12 except that 100 g of the aqueous dispersion obtained in Example 15 was used. The obtained ethanol dispersion had a nonvolatile content of 26.5% (152 g). The average particle size of the composite by the dynamic light scattering method was 47 nm, and there was no change in the TEM image before the solvent exchange, and it was estimated to be 10 to 40 nm. A small amount of this dispersion was placed on a slide glass, developed with a No. 8 bar coater, and dried at room temperature. The volume resistivity of the dried coating film was 7.2 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 ⁇ cm.
- Example 17 [Preparation of high concentration product]
- the dispersion 558 g obtained in Example 1 was further circulated and concentrated in a hollow fiber type ultrafiltration module (MOLSEP module HIT-1-FUS-1582, manufactured by Daisen Membrane Systems Co., Ltd., molecular weight cut off 150,000).
- a dispersion of a composite containing silver nanoparticles having a nonvolatile content of 73.6% was obtained (236 g).
- the average particle size of the composite by the dynamic light scattering method was 43 nm, and there was no change in the TEM image before the concentration, and it was estimated to be 10 to 40 nm.
- the silver content in the nonvolatile material was measured by thermogravimetric analysis, it was 94.1 w / w%.
- Example 18 [Production of plastic substrate] Polyimide (PI) film (Toray DuPont Kapton 200V 200 ⁇ m), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) film (Teijin DuPont) having a size of 7.6 ⁇ 22.6 cm using the dispersion obtained in Example 1 The film is taken on Teonex Q-65FA (100 ⁇ m) manufactured by Film Co., Ltd., polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film (Toyobo Co., Ltd., Toyobo Ester Film E5101 50 ⁇ m), developed and dried with a No. 8 bar coater, and surface resistivity (immediately after drying ( About 30 minutes after film formation) and 7 days later) were evaluated.
- PI Polyimide
- PEN polyethylene naphthalate
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- Example 19 [Production of plastic substrate by coating using gravure coater]
- 2-propanol corresponding to 20% by weight and polyvinyl alcohol corresponding to 1.4% by weight of the solid content (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., degree of polymerization about 500) were added.
- the added coating solution was prepared, and this was applied by a small-diameter gravure coating machine (Hirano Techseed Co., Ltd.
- Multicoater M200-L type coating speed 0.5 m / min, drying length 4.5 m, drying temperature, 85 ° C.
- the coating was applied to a PET roll film (Toyobo Co., Ltd., Toyobo Ester Film E5101 50 ⁇ m, width 40 cm) and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 18. Even after 7 days, the adhesion was completely maintained. Furthermore, when this was immersed in 40 degreeC warm water for 4 hours, it confirmed that it was closely_contact
- Comparative Example 1 [Synthesis of Comparative (Meth) acrylic Polymer (B′-1) Containing Hydroxyethylthio Group and Dimethylaminoethyl Group and Production of Silver Nanoparticle-Containing Complex Dispersion Using the Same] 70 parts of MEK was kept at 80 ° C. in a nitrogen stream, and while stirring, 10 parts of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, 9 parts of 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate, 81 parts of methoxypolyethylene glycol methacrylate (molecular weight 1000), 2 parts of thioglycol, MEK80 And a polymerization initiator (a mixture of 4 parts of “perbutyl O” was added dropwise over 2 hours.
- a polymerization initiator a mixture of 4 parts of “perbutyl O” was added dropwise over 2 hours.
- the comparative (meth) acrylic polymer (B′-1) (non-volatile matter equivalent to 0.73 g) obtained above was dissolved in 10 mL of water, and 5.00 g (29.4 mmol) of silver nitrate was dissolved in 20 mL of water. The dissolved one was added to this, and N, N-diethylhydroxylamine (3.94 g, 44.2 mmol), comparative (meth) acrylic polymer (B′-1) (non-volatile equivalent to 0.73 g) and water 100 g The solution consisting of was added dropwise over 3 hours. The obtained reaction mixture was filtered with an ultrafiltration unit (Sartorius Stedim Vivaspin 20, fractional molecular weight 100,000, 8).
- FIG. 11.1 shows the particle size distribution of silver nanoparticles determined by small-angle X-ray scattering when in a dispersion. There was no significant difference between the dispersion and the metal film as described in Example 1. Further, no increase in the particle size distribution over time was observed.
- FIG. 12 shows the crystallite diameter of the silver nanoparticles obtained in Comparative Example 1 measured over time by wide-angle X-ray diffraction. There was no growth of crystallite size over time as described in Example 1.
- Comparative Example 2 Synthesis of Comparative (Meth) acrylic Polymer (B′-2) Containing No-SR and Phosphate Ester Residue and Production of Silver Nanoparticle-Containing Complex Dispersion Using the Same] While maintaining 70 parts of MEK at 80 ° C. in a nitrogen stream, 10 parts of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, 8 parts of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 80 parts of methoxypolyethylene glycol methacrylate (molecular weight 1000), MEK 80 parts, and a polymerization initiator A mixture of 4 parts of “perbutyl O”) was added dropwise over 2 hours.
- the comparative (meth) acrylic polymer (B′-2) (0.578 g in terms of solid content) obtained above was dissolved in 12 mL of water, and 12 mL of 1 mol / L nitric acid was added thereto.
- a solution prepared by dissolving 2.00 g (11.77 mmol) of silver nitrate in 35 mL of water was added thereto, and 8.78 g (58.85 mmol) of triethanolamine was added thereto, followed by stirring at 60 ° C. for 2.5 hours. When the reaction end point was confirmed, it was found that the reduction was slightly insufficient.
- the obtained suspension was filtered through an ultrafiltration unit (Sartorius Stedim Vivaspin 20, fractional molecular weight 100,000, 4).
- This dispersion was applied to a glass plate with a spin coater (coating thickness of about 0.3 ⁇ m) and air-dried. At this point, the film did not show a resistance value that could be measured with a low resistivity meter. It was the same even after baking at 150 ° C. for 30 minutes. Further, when baked at 180 ° C. for 30 minutes, a film having a volume resistivity of 8.7 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 ⁇ cm was obtained.
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Abstract
Description
(I)ポリエチレングリコール鎖(b1)を有する(メタ)アクリレート系マクロモノマー(x1)を、
-SR(Rは、炭素数1~18のアルキル基、ベンゼン環上に置換基を有していても良いフェニル基、又は、ヒドロキシ基、炭素数1~18のアルコキシ基、炭素数1~18のアラルキルオキシ基、ベンゼン環上に置換基を有していても良いフェニルオキシ基、カルボキシ基、カルボキシ基の塩、炭素数1~18の1価若しくは多価のアルキルカルボニルオキシ基及び炭素数1~18の1価若しくは多価のアルコキシカルボニル基からなる群から選ばれる1つ以上の官能基を有する炭素数1~8のアルキル基である。)で表される官能基(b3)を有する連鎖移動剤(x3)の存在下で重合させて得られる(メタ)アクリル系重合体(B1)と、
-OP(O)(OH)2で表されるリン酸エステル残基(b2)を有する(メタ)アクリレート系モノマー(x2)を-SR(Rは、前記と同じである。)で表される官能基(b3)を有する連鎖移動剤(x3)の存在下で重合させて得られる(メタ)アクリル系重合体(B2)と、を水性媒体中に溶解する工程、
(II)(I)で得られた水性溶液に金属化合物(A)又は金属化合物(A)の水性溶液を加える工程、
(III)(II)で得られた混合液に、還元剤(C)若しくは還元剤(C)の水性溶液、又は、前記(メタ)アクリル系重合体(B1)及び/又は前記(メタ)アクリル系重合体(B2)と還元剤(C)とを含有する水性溶液を滴下する工程、
を有することを特徴とする金属ナノ粒子含有複合体の製造方法並びに該複合体の分散液の製造方法を提供するものである。
(I’)ポリエチレングリコール鎖(b1)を有する(メタ)アクリレート系マクロモノマー(x1)と、-OP(O)(OH)2で表されるリン酸エステル残基(b2)を有する(メタ)アクリレート系モノマー(x2)とを、-SR(Rは、前記と同じである。)で表される官能基(b3)を有する連鎖移動剤(x3)の存在下で重合させて得られる(メタ)アクリル系重合体(B3)を水性媒体中に溶解する工程、
(II’)(I’)で得られた水性溶液に金属化合物(A)又は金属化合物(A)の水性溶液を加える工程、
(III’)(II’)で得られた混合液に、還元剤(C)若しくは還元剤(C)の水性溶液、又は、前記(メタ)アクリル系重合体(B1)、前記(メタ)アクリル系重合体(B2)及び前記(メタ)アクリル系重合体(B3)からなる群から選ばれる1種以上の(メタ)アクリル系重合体と還元剤(C)とを含有する水性溶液を滴下する工程、
を有することを特徴とする金属ナノ粒子含有複合体の製造方法並びに該複合体の分散液の製造方法を提供するものである。
前記(メタ)アクリル系重合体(B)が、少なくとも一つの末端が-SR(Rは、前記と同じである。)で表される官能基(b3)であり、且つ側鎖にポリエチレングリコール鎖(b1)を有する(メタ)アクリル系重合体(B1)と、
少なくとも一つの末端が-SR(Rは、前記と同じである。)で表される官能基(b3)であり、且つ側鎖に-OP(O)(OH)2で表されるリン酸エステル残基(b2)を有する(メタ)アクリル系重合体(B2)と、を含有することを特徴とする金属ナノ粒子含有複合体と、これを水およびヒドロキシ基を有する有機溶剤からなる群から選ばれる1種以上の溶剤に分散してなる金属ナノ粒子含有複合体の分散液、並びにこれらをプラスチック基材に塗布して得られるプラスチック基板をも提供するものである。
・小角X線散乱法により、液状と、これを室温で乾燥塗膜とした時の粒子径分布を比較した時、両者の間に大きな差異が発生すること。
・広角X線回折法を用いて室温乾燥した粒子の結晶子径を測定した時、経時的に該結晶子径が成長する特性を有すること。
・室温乾燥した固体の示差走査熱量分析において、200℃までの昇温分析においては、融点に相当するピーク状の発熱を観測できないこと。
本発明の金属ナノ粒子含有複合体の第一の製造方法は、
(I)ポリエチレングリコール鎖(b1)を有する(メタ)アクリレート系マクロモノマー(x1)を、
-SR(Rは、炭素数1~18のアルキル基、ベンゼン環上に置換基を有していても良いフェニル基、又は、ヒドロキシ基、炭素数1~18のアルコキシ基、炭素数1~18のアラルキルオキシ基、ベンゼン環上に置換基を有していても良いフェニルオキシ基、カルボキシ基、カルボキシ基の塩、炭素数1~18の1価若しくは多価のアルキルカルボニルオキシ基及び炭素数1~18の1価若しくは多価のアルコキシカルボニル基からなる群から選ばれる1つ以上の官能基を有する炭素数1~8のアルキル基である。)で表される官能基(b3)を有する連鎖移動剤(x3)の存在下で重合させて得られる(メタ)アクリル系重合体(B1)と、
-OP(O)(OH)2で表されるリン酸エステル残基(b2)を有する(メタ)アクリレート系モノマー(x2)を-SR(Rは、前記と同じである。)で表される官能基(b3)を有する連鎖移動剤(x3)の存在下で重合させて得られる(メタ)アクリル系重合体(B2)と、を水性媒体中に溶解する工程、
(II)(I)で得られた水性溶液に金属化合物(A)又は金属化合物(A)の水性溶液を加える工程、
(III)(II)で得られた混合液に、還元剤(C)若しくは還元剤(C)の水性溶液、又は、前記(メタ)アクリル系重合体(B1)及び/又は前記(メタ)アクリル系重合体(B2)と還元剤(C)とを含有する水性溶液を滴下する工程、
を有することを特徴とする。
(I’)ポリエチレングリコール鎖(b1)を有する(メタ)アクリレート系マクロモノマー(x1)と、-OP(O)(OH)2で表されるリン酸エステル残基(b2)を有する(メタ)アクリレート系モノマー(x2)とを、-SR(Rは、前記と同じである。)で表される官能基(b3)を有する連鎖移動剤(x3)の存在下で重合させて得られる(メタ)アクリル系重合体(B3)を水性媒体中に溶解する工程、
(II’)(I’)で得られた水性溶液に金属化合物(A)又は金属化合物(A)の水性溶液を加える工程、
(III’)(II’)で得られた混合液に、還元剤(C)若しくは還元剤(C)の水性溶液、又は、前記(メタ)アクリル系重合体(B1)、前記(メタ)アクリル系重合体(B2)及び前記(メタ)アクリル系重合体(B3)からなる群から選ばれる1種以上の(メタ)アクリル系重合体と還元剤(C)とを含有する水性溶液を滴下する工程、
を有することを特徴とする。
本発明の金属ナノ粒子含有複合体は、粒子径が2~50nmの金属ナノ粒子(A’)が、(メタ)アクリル系重合体(B)で被覆されてなる金属ナノ粒子含有複合体であって、前記(メタ)アクリル系重合体(B)が、少なくとも一つの末端が-SR(Rは、前記と同じである。)で表される官能基(b3)であり、且つ側鎖にポリエチレングリコール鎖(b1)を有する(メタ)アクリル系重合体(B1)と、少なくとも一つの末端が-SR(Rは、前記と同じである)で表される官能基(b3)であり、且つ側鎖に-OP(O)(OH)2で表されるリン酸エステル残基(b2)を有する(メタ)アクリル系重合体(B2)とを含有するものである。
本発明の金属ナノ粒子含有複合体の分散液をそのまま、又は該分散液を配合した各種組成物(塗料用組成物、接着用組成物、水性インキ等)を基材に塗布し、乾燥することによって導電性を有する金属皮膜を得ることができる。尚、本願において金属皮膜は、広範囲に塗装された塗膜、接合部位間に充填されてなるもの、微細配線等のマイクロメートルオーダーの細線をも含むものである。
〔評価用金属皮膜の作製〕
分散液を、7.6×2.6cmの清浄なスライドガラスの一端からおよそ1cm付近に約0.5mL滴下し、バーコーター(8番)を用いて展開して薄膜状の金属皮膜とした。または、7.6×2.6cmのポリエチレンナフタレート(PEN)、ポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)およびポリイミド(PI)の薄片上に、分散液を数滴とり、前記と同様にバーコーター(8番)を用いて薄膜状の金属皮膜とした。作製した金属皮膜を室温(25℃)で30分および1日風乾して室温乾燥金属皮膜とした。また、30分の風乾後100、150℃の熱風乾燥器中で30分間加熱して、それぞれの温度による焼成金属皮膜とした。
上記で得られた金属皮膜の厚みを、1LM15型走査型レーザー顕微鏡(レーザーテック株式会社製)を用いて計測し、続いて表面抵抗率(Ω/□)をロレスタ-GP MCP-T610型低抵抗率計(三菱化学株式会社製)を用いJIS K7194「導電性プラスチックの4探針法による抵抗率試験」に準拠して測定した。金属皮膜厚み(cm)と表面抵抗率(Ω/□)から体積抵抗率(Ωcm)を次式により算出した。
体積抵抗率(Ωcm)=表面抵抗率(Ω/□)×厚み(cm)
・TEM観察
希釈した分散液の一滴を電子顕微鏡観察用ホルムバール膜付銅グリッドに滴下し、これをJEM-2200FS型透過型電子顕微鏡(加速電圧200kv、日本電子株式会社製)で観察し、得られた写真像から粒子径を計測した。任意に取り出した100個の粒子径から平均値を算出した。
・SEM観察
前述の方法でガラス板上に作製した金属皮膜を、JSM-7500F型走査電子顕微鏡(加速電圧20kv、日本電子株式会社製)で観察した。
・金属ナノ粒子含有複合体の分散液
ポリプロピレンフィルムを窓材とする厚さ1mmの液体試料用ホルダーに、分散液を充填し、RINT TTR2型小角X線散乱測定装置(50kv、300mA、株式会社リガク製)を用いて透過法により測定した。回折角(2θ)が0から5°の領域における散漫散乱強度を記録し、得られる曲線をNANO-Solver解析ソフトウエア(株式会社リガク製)によりBorn近似理論へとフィッティングを行うことで、粒子径分布を見積もった。
前述の方法でガラス板上に作製直後の金属皮膜、および室温で6時間並びに12時間半放置した金属皮膜に、セロハンテープを貼り付け、指でよく圧着した後はがし、金属皮膜を剥離した。セロハンテープ上の金属皮膜をRINT TTR2型X線小角散乱測定装置(50kv、300mA、株式会社リガク製)を用いて測定した。回折角(2θ)が0から5°の領域における散漫散乱強度を記録し、得られる曲線をNANO-Solver解析ソフトウエア(株式会社リガク製)によりBorn近似理論へとフィッティングを行うことで、粒子径分布を見積もった。
試料台に分散液を塗布し、乾燥させた後、直ちにRINT Ultima(40kv、40mA、株式会社リガク製)を用いて測定した。標準試料としてシリコンを用い、回折角(2θ)に対する回折X線の強度を記録した時、得られたピークの半値幅(b)および標準試料の半値幅(b’)から、結晶子径(DX)を以下のScherrerの式により求めた。同様にして、乾燥後の試料を経時的に観察した。
DX=Kλ/βcosθ(K=0.9)
ここで、β(補正半値幅)は、β=(b2+b’2)1/2とした。
分散液の一部を精製水で希釈し、FPAR-1000型濃厚系粒径アナライザー(大塚電子株式会社製)により、粒子径分布、平均粒子径を測定した。
〔熱重量分析による金属銀含量〕
得られた分散体1mLをガラスサンプル瓶にとり、35~40℃の温水上で窒素気流下加熱濃縮し、残渣を更に40℃、8時間真空乾燥して乾固物を得た。この乾固物2~10mgを熱重量分析用アルミパンに精密にはかり、EXTAR TG/DTA6300型示差熱重量分析装置(セイコーインスツル株式会社製)に載せ、空気気流下、室温から500℃まで毎分10℃の割合で昇温して、加熱に伴う重量減少率を測定した。金属含有量は以下の式で計算した。
金属含有量(%)=100-重量減少率(%)
アルミニウム製熱量分析用試料パンに、上記と同様にして得られた乾固物約10mgを精密に量り、EXTAR DSC7200型示差走査熱量分析計(エスアイアイ・ナノテクノロジー株式会社製)で、窒素気流下、-20℃から設定温度まで毎分10℃の割合で昇温して、これに伴う吸発熱を分析した。
金属薄膜が形成されたフィルム試料を、およそ0.3×1cmの小片に切り出し、可視光硬化性樹脂(日本電子株式会社製D-800)中に包埋した後、可視光照射装置(ICIジャパン製LUX-SPOT LS-800)を用いて、室温下、30秒ずつ2方向から光照射して硬化させ、包埋試料とした。この包埋試料を、トリミング用ダイヤモンドナイフ(ダイヤトーム社製クライオトリム45°)を装着したウルトラミクロトーム(ライカマイクロシステムズ社製ウルトラカットS)を用い、フィルム試料の断面が含まれる方向に切削し、観察用試料を得た。
温度計、攪拌機および還流冷却器を備えた四つ口フラスコに、メチルエチルケトン(以下、MEK)32部およびエタノール32部を仕込んで、窒素気流中、攪拌しながら80℃に昇温した。次に、ホスホオキシエチルメタクリレート(共栄社化学株式会社ライトエステルP-1M)20部、メトキシポリエチレングリコールメタクリレート(分子量1,000、日油株式会社 ブレンマー〔登録商標〕PME-1000)80部、メルカプトプロピオン酸メチル4.1部、MEK80部からなる混合物、および重合開始剤「2,2’-アゾビス(2,4-ジメチルバレロニトリル)〔和光純薬株式会社製品V-65〕0.5部、MEK5部からなる混合物をそれぞれ2時間かけて滴下した。滴下終了後、4時間ごとに「日油パーブチル(登録商標)O」〔日油株式会社製〕0.3部を2回添加し、80℃で12時間攪拌した。得られた樹脂溶液に水を加え転相乳化し、減圧脱溶剤した後、水を加えて濃度を調整すると、不揮発物含量76.8%の(メタ)アクリル系重合体(B3-1)の水溶液が得られた。該樹脂のゲルパーミエーション・クロマトグラフィーにより測定された重量平均分子量はポリスチレン換算で4,300、酸価は97.5mgKOH/gであった。
85%N,N-ジエチルヒドロキシルアミン463g(4.41mol)、上記で得られた(メタ)アクリル系重合体(B3-1)(不揮発物23.0g相当)、および水1250gからなる還元剤溶液を調製した。別に、不揮発物11.5g相当の(メタ)アクリル系重合体(B3-1)を水333gに溶解し、これに硝酸銀500g(2.94mol)を水833gに溶かした溶液を加えて、よく攪拌した。この混合物に前記の還元剤溶液を室温(25℃)で2時間かけて滴下した。得られた反応混合物をメンブレンフィルター(細孔径0.45マイクロメートル)で濾過し、濾液を中空糸型限外濾過モジュール(ダイセンメンブレンシステムズ社製MOLSEPモジュールFB-02型、分画分子量15万)中を循環させ、流出する濾液の量に対応する量の水を随時添加して精製した。濾液の電導度が100μS/cm以下になったことを確認した後、注水を中止して濃縮した。濃縮物を回収すると、不揮発物含量36.7%の銀ナノ粒子含有複合体の分散液(分散媒体は水)が得られた(742.9g)。動的光散乱法による複合体の平均粒子径は39nm、TEM像からは10-40nmと見積もられた(図1)。
実施例1で得られた分散液約100mLを、ねじ蓋付きポリエチレン製容器(100mL)に入れ、3~7℃の保冷庫中で静置保存した。1日後、容器に振動を与えないようにしながら保冷庫から取り出し、ポリエチレンピペットを用いて液面付近の分散液約2mLを静かに採取した。そのうち約500mgを5mLガラスサンプルびんに精密に量り、約40℃の水浴上で窒素気流により濃縮乾固した後、40~50℃の真空乾燥機中で更に8時間減圧乾燥した。以下の式により不揮発物含量を計算した。
不揮発物含量(%)=分散液の濃縮乾固物の量(mg)/採取した分散液の量(mg)×100
実施例1のメルカプトプロピオン酸メチル4.1部のかわりに、メルカプトプロピオン酸2-エチルヘキシル11.2部とし、他は実施例1と同様に操作し、不揮発物含量73.2%の(メタ)アクリル系重合体(B3-2)の水溶液を得た。該重合体の重量平均分子量は4,100、酸価は98.1mgKOH/gであった。
85%N,N-ジエチルヒドロキシルアミン5.56g(53.0mmol)、上記で得られた(メタ)アクリル系重合体(B3-2)(不揮発物106mg相当)、および水15gからなる還元剤溶液を調製した。別に、不揮発物106mg相当の(メタ)アクリル系重合体(B3-2)を水5gに溶解し、これに硝酸銀6.00g(35.3mmol)を水10gに溶かした溶液を加えて、よく攪拌した。この混合物に前記の還元剤溶液を室温(25℃)で2時間かけて滴下した。得られた反応混合物をメンブレンフィルター(細孔径0.45マイクロメートル)で濾過し、濾液を中空糸型限外濾過モジュール(ダイセンメンブレンシステムズ社製MOLSEPモジュールHIT-1型、分画分子量15万)中を循環させ、流出する濾液の量に対応する量の水を随時添加して精製した。濾液の電導度が100μS/cm以下になったことを確認した後、注水を中止して濃縮した。濃縮物を回収すると、不揮発物含量約30%の銀ナノ粒子含有複合体の分散液が得られた。バーコーター(8番)を用いてこの分散液をスライドガラスに塗布し、室温で乾燥した。乾燥直後の皮膜における体積抵抗率は4.1×10-5Ωcmであった。
実施例2のメルカプトプロピオン酸2-エチルヘキシル11.2部のかわりに、チオグリセリン4.1部とし、他は実施例2と同様に操作し、不揮発物含量70.1%の(メタ)アクリル系重合体(B3-3)の水溶液を得た。該重合体の重量平均分子量は5,500、酸価は95.1mgKOH/gであった。得られた(メタ)アクリル系重合体(B3-3)を用いて、実施例2と同様に銀ナノ粒子含有複合体分散液を調製し、この分散液から得られる乾燥直後の皮膜の体積抵抗率を測定すると、8.9×10-5Ωcmであった。
実施例2のメルカプトプロピオン酸2-エチルヘキシル11.2部のかわりに、チオグリコール2部とし、他は実施例2と同様に操作し、不揮発物含量56.4%の(メタ)アクリル系重合体(B3-4)の水溶液を得た。重量平均分子量は6,700、酸価は94.9mgKOH/gであった。得られた(メタ)アクリル系重合体(B3-4)を用いて、実施例2と同様に銀ナノ粒子含有複合体分散液を調製し、この分散液から得られる乾燥直後の皮膜の体積抵抗率を測定すると、6.2×10-5Ωcmであった。
実施例2のメルカプトプロピオン酸2-エチルヘキシル11.2部のかわりに、チオグリコール酸2部とし、他は実施例2と同様に操作して、不揮発物含量65.1%の(メタ)アクリル系重合体(B3-5)の水溶液を得た。重量平均分子量は6,800、酸価は92.1mgKOH/gであった。得られた(メタ)アクリル系重合体(B3-5)を用いて、実施例2と同様に銀ナノ粒子含有複合体分散液を調製し、この分散液から得られる乾燥直後の皮膜の体積抵抗率を測定すると、1.4×10-5Ωcmであった。
実施例2のメルカプトプロピオン酸2-エチルヘキシル11.2部のかわりに、ドデシルメルカプタン6部とし、他は実施例2と同様に操作して、不揮発物含量77.7%の(メタ)アクリル系重合体(B3-6)の水溶液を得た。重量平均分子量は9,600、酸価は97.0mgKOH/gであった。得られた(メタ)アクリル系重合体(B3-6)を用いて、実施例2と同様に銀ナノ粒子含有複合体分散液を調製し、この分散液から得られる乾燥直後の皮膜の体積抵抗率を測定すると、9.0×10-5Ωcmであった。
実施例1で得た(メタ)アクリル系重合体(B3-1)(固形分に換算して2.00g)を水40mLに溶解し、酢酸銅水和物10.0g(50.09mmol)を水500mLに溶解したものを加えた。これに穏やかに発泡が起こるよう80%ヒドラジン水溶液10g(約160mmol)を約2時間かけて滴下し、発泡が止むまで更に室温で1時間攪拌すると、赤褐色の溶液が得られた。
実施例1で得た(メタ)アクリル系重合体(B3-1)(固形分に換算して0.102g)を水5mLに溶解し、テトラクロロ金酸・三水和物1.00g(2.54mmol)を水5mLに溶解したものを加えた。これにジメチルアミノエタノール1.81g(20.31mmol)の水溶液5mLを加えて室温で2時間攪拌すると、暗赤色の溶液が得られた。これを限外濾過ユニット(ザルトリウス・ステディム社ビバスピン20、分画分子量5万、2個)に分け入れ、遠心力(5800G)により濾過を行った。濾過残渣に精製水を加えて再び遠心濾過することを4回繰り返し、得られた残渣に水を加えて4.0gの水分散液とした(固形分約12w/w%)。この分散液一滴をエタノール(50mL)に溶解して紫外可視吸収スペクトルを測定すると、530nm付近にプラズモン共鳴に由来する吸収がみられ、金ナノ粒子の生成を確認した。この分散液をガラスに塗布し、室温乾燥すると、金色の金属光沢膜が得られた。
実施例1で得た(メタ)アクリル系重合体(B3-1)(固形分に換算して0.106g)を水12mLに溶解し、これに1mol/L硝酸12mLを加え、次に硝酸銀6.00g(35.3mmol)を水24mLに溶解した溶液、およびトリエタノールアミン13.2g(88.3mmoL)を加えて、60℃で2時間攪拌すると、濁った褐色の溶液が得られた。冷却後、限外濾過モジュール(ダイセンメンブレンシステムズ社製MOLSEPモジュールHIT-1型、分画分子量15万、1個)に通し、更に限外濾過ユニットから約1Lの滲出液がでるまで、精製水を通過させて精製した。精製水の供給を止め、濃縮すると12.5gの分散液が得られた(固形分30w/w%)。この分散液から得られる乾燥塗膜の体積抵抗率を測定すると、9.9×10-5Ωcmであった。
実施例1で得た(メタ)アクリル系重合体(B3-1)(固形分に換算して0.106g)を水12mLに溶解し、これに1mol/L硝酸12mLを加え、次に硝酸銀6.00g(35.3mmol)を水24mLに溶解した溶液を添加した。この溶液に、2-ジメチルアミノエタノール7.87g(88.3mmoL)を水15mLに溶かした溶液を、室温でゆっくり滴下した。滴下後、室温で3日間攪拌すると、濁った褐色の溶液が得られた。これを限外濾過モジュール(ダイセンメンブレンシステムズ社製MOLSEPモジュールHIT-1型、分画分子量15万、1個)に通し、更に限外濾過ユニットから約1Lの滲出液がでるまで、精製水を通過させて精製した。精製水の供給を止め、濃縮すると12.5gの分散液が得られた(固形分30w/w%)。この分散液から得られる乾燥塗膜の体積抵抗率を測定すると、2.8×10-5Ωcmであった。
85%N,N-ジエチルヒドロキシルアミン5.56g(53.0mmol)、実施例1で得られた(メタ)アクリル系共重合体(B3-1)(不揮発物106mg相当)、および水15gからなる還元剤溶液を調製した。別に、不揮発物106mg相当の(メタ)アクリル系重合体(B3-1)を水5gに溶解し、これに硝酸銀6.00g(35.3mmol)を水10gに溶かした溶液を加えて、よく攪拌した。この混合物を氷冷下、前記の還元剤溶液を2時間かけて滴下した。得られた反応混合物を、中空糸型限外濾過モジュール(ダイセンメンブレンシステムズ社製MOLSEPモジュールHIT-1型、分画分子量15万)中を循環させ、流出する濾液の量に対応する量の水を随時添加して精製した。濾液の電導度が100μS/cm以下になったことを確認した後、注水を中止して約10mLになるまで濃縮した。限外濾過系にエタノールを加えながら、流出する濾液の量に相当する量のエタノールを随時添加して溶剤交換をおこなった。100mLのエタノール濾液を留出させた後、濃縮すると不揮発物含量約60%の銀ナノ粒子含有複合体のエタノール分散液が得られた。バーコーター(8番)を用いてこの分散液をスライドガラスに塗布し、室温で乾燥した。乾燥塗膜の体積抵抗率は9.8×10-5Ωcmであった。
実施例1で得られた分散液100gを、再び中空糸型限外濾過モジュール(ダイセンメンブレンシステムズ社製MOLSEPモジュールHIT-1-FUS-1582型、分画分子量15万)中を循環させ、留出する濾液の量に対応した量のエタノールを随時添加して溶剤交換をおこなった。留出液の1部にヘキサンを加えても濁りが生じなくなるまでこの操作を続け、更に約200mLを留出させた。エタノール分散液を回収すると、不揮発物量30.4%の銀ナノ粒子含有複合体のエタノール分散液が得られた(121g)。動的光散乱法による複合体の平均粒子径は55nmであり、溶剤交換前とTEM像には変化がなく、10~40nmの粒子径であると見積もられた。この分散液の少量をスライドガラスにとり、8番のバーコーターで展開後、室温で乾燥した。乾燥塗膜の体積抵抗率は、2.2×10-5Ωcmであった。
実施例1で得られた分散液約15gを用い、交換する溶媒を2-プロパノールにすること以外は実施例12と同様にして、不揮発物含量23.3%の銀ナノ粒子含有複合体の2-プロパノール分散液が得られた。この分散液の少量をスライドガラスにとり、8番のバーコーターで展開後、室温で乾燥した。乾燥塗膜の体積抵抗率は、5.3×10-5Ωcmであった。
実施例12で得られたエタノール分散液20gを200mLの濃縮用フラスコに取り、トルエン50mLを加えて、水浴の温度を40℃に設定したエバポレーターで減圧濃縮した。液量がおよそ20mLになったら、再びトルエン50mLを加えて減圧濃縮した。この操作をもう一度繰り返し、不揮発物含量20.0%の銀ナノ粒子含有複合体のトルエン分散液を得た。この分散液の少量をスライドガラスにとり、8番のバーコーターで展開後、室温で乾燥した。乾燥塗膜の体積抵抗率は、7.6×10-5Ωcmであった。
温度計、攪拌機および還流冷却器を備えた四つ口フラスコに、MEK64部を仕込んで、窒素気流中、攪拌しながら80℃に昇温した。次に、メトキシポリエチレングリコールメタクリレート(PME-1000)80部、メルカプト酢酸4.1部、MEK80部からなる混合物、および重合開始剤 V-65 0.5部、MEK5部からなる混合物をそれぞれ2時間かけて滴下した。滴下終了後、4時間ごとに「パーブチルO」0.3部を2回添加し、80℃で12時間攪拌した。得られた樹脂溶液に水を加え転相乳化し、減圧脱溶剤した後、水を加えて濃度を調整すると、不揮発物含量54.9%の(メタ)アクリル系重合体(B1-1)の水溶液が得られた。該樹脂のゲルパーミエーション・クロマトグラフィーにより測定された重量平均分子量はポリスチレン換算で7,500であった。
温度計、攪拌機および還流冷却器を備えた四つ口フラスコに、水32部および2-プロパノール32部を仕込み、攪拌しながら窒素気流中で80℃に昇温した。ホスホオキシエチルメタクリレート(P-1M)20部と3-メルカプトプロピオン酸4部と水50部からなる混合物、および重合開始剤V-65 0.5部と2-プロパノール5部からなる混合物をそれぞれ2時間かけて滴下した。4時間毎に重合開始剤V-65 0.3部と2-プロパノール3部からなる混合物を2回添加し、更に80℃で8時間攪拌した。水および2-プロパノールを減圧留去して、2-プロパノールで濃度を調整すると、不揮発物45.2%のリン酸エステル残基を有するメタクリル系重合体(B2-1)が得られた。ゲルパーミエーション・クロマトグラフィーにより測定された重量平均分子量はポリスチレン換算で3,500、酸価は431mgKOH/gであった。
85%N,N-ジエチルヒドロキシルアミン463g(4.41mol)、上記で得られた(メタ)アクリル系重合体(B1-1)(不揮発物18.4g相当)、(メタ)アクリル系重合体(B2-1)(不揮発物4.6g相当)、および水1250gからなる還元剤溶液を調製した。別に、不揮発物9.2g相当の(メタ)アクリル系重合体(B1-1)と不揮発物2.3g相当の(メタ)アクリル系重合体(B2-1)を水333gに溶解し、これに硝酸銀500g(2.94mol)を水833gに溶かした溶液を加えて、よく攪拌した。この混合物に前記の還元剤溶液を室温(25℃)で2時間かけて滴下した。得られた反応混合物をメンブレンフィルター(細孔径0.45マイクロメートル)で濾過し、濾液を中空糸型限外濾過モジュール(ダイセンメンブレンシステムズ社製MOLSEPモジュールFB-02型、分画分子量15万)中を循環させ、流出する濾液の量に対応する量の水を随時添加して精製した。濾液の電導度が100μS/cm以下になったことを確認した後、注水を中止して濃縮した。濃縮物を回収すると、不揮発物含量48.3%の銀ナノ粒子含有複合体の分散液が得られた(561.7g)。動的光散乱法による複合体の平均粒子径は49nm、TEM像からは10~40nmと見積もられた。不揮発物中の銀含量を、熱重量分析により測定したところ94.2w/w%であった。
実施例15で得られた分散液約100mLを、ねじ蓋付きポリエチレン製容器(100mL)に入れ、3~7℃の保冷庫中で静置保存した。これを用いて実施例1と同様にして保存安定性の評価を行なった。結果を表2に示す。
実施例15で得られた水分散液100gを用いる以外は実施例12と同様にして、媒体をエタノールへ変換した。得られたエタノール分散液の不揮発物含量は26.5%(152g)であった。動的光散乱法による複合体の平均粒子径は47nmであり、溶剤交換前とTEM像には変化がなく、10~40nmと見積もられた。この分散液の少量をスライドガラスにとり、8番のバーコーターで展開後、室温で乾燥した。乾燥塗膜の体積抵抗率は、7.2×10-5Ωcmであった。
実施例1で得られた分散液558gを、更に中空糸型限外濾過モジュール(ダイセンメンブレンシステムズ社製MOLSEPモジュールHIT-1-FUS-1582型、分画分子量15万)中に循環させ、濃縮した。濃縮物を回収すると、不揮発物含量73.6%の銀ナノ粒子含有複合体の分散液が得られた(236g)。動的光散乱法による複合体の平均粒子径は43nmであり、濃縮前とTEM像には変化がなく、10~40nmと見積もられた。不揮発物中の銀含量を熱重量分析により測定したところ94.1w/w%であった。
実施例17で得られた高濃度の分散液約100mLを用いて、実施例1と同様にして保存安定性試験を行なった。結果を表3に示す。
実施例1で得られた分散液を用いて、7.6×22.6cmの大きさにしたポリイミド(PI)フィルム(東レデュポン株式会社カプトン200V 200μm)、ポリエチレンナフタレート(PEN)フィルム(帝人デュポンフィルム株式会社製テオネックスQ-65FA 100μm)、ポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)フィルム(東洋紡績株式会社製東洋紡エステルフィルムE5101 50μm)上にとり、8番バーコーターで展開して乾燥し、表面抵抗率(乾燥直後(成膜後約30分後)、7日後)を評価した。またフィルムの断面を走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)で観察し、膜厚を決定した(図7)。また、引きはがし試験方法(JIS H8504、めっきの接着性試験方法)に準拠してテープ剥離による密着性評価を行なったところ、7日後のPI上の塗膜、PEN上の塗膜では、実用上問題ないレベルで維持されていることを確認した。
実施例1で得られた分散液について、その20重量%に相当する2-プロパノールおよび固形分含量の1.4重量%に相当するポリビニルアルコール(和光純薬工業株式会社、重合度約500)を加えた塗工液を調製し、これを小径グラビア塗工機(株式会社ヒラノテクシード製マルチコーターM200-L型 塗工速度0.5m/分、乾燥長さ4.5m、乾燥温度、85℃)によりPETロールフィルム(東洋紡績株式会社製東洋紡エステルフィルムE5101 50μm、幅40cm)に塗工して、実施例18と同様に評価した。7日後の塗膜でも密着性は完全に維持されていた。更に、これを40℃の温水に4時間浸漬したところ、実用上問題のないレベルで密着していることを確認した(図8)。
MEK70部を、窒素気流中80℃に保ち、攪拌しながらメタクリル酸ジメチルアミノエチル10部、アクリル酸4-ヒドロキシブチル9部、メトキシポリエチレングリコールメタクリレート(分子量1000)を81部、チオグリコール2部、MEK80部、および重合開始剤(「パーブチル O」4部からなる混合物を2時間かけて滴下した。滴下終了後、「パーブチル O」2部を添加し、80℃で22時間攪拌した。得られた反応混合物に水を加え、減圧脱溶剤した後、水で濃度を調整した。このようにして、不揮発物含量44.1%の比較用(メタ)アクリル系重合体(B’-1)の水溶液を得た。該樹脂のゲルパーミエーション・クロマトグラフィーにより測定された重量平均分子量は8,900、アミン価は32.5mgKOH/gであった。
MEK70部を窒素気流中80℃に保ち、攪拌しながらメタクリル酸ジメチルアミノエチル10部、メタクリル酸2-ヒドロキシエチル8部、メトキシポリエチレングリコールメタクリレート(分子量1000)を80部、MEK80部、および重合開始剤「パーブチル O」)4部からなる混合物を2時間かけて滴下した。滴下終了後、「パーブチル O」2部を添加し、95℃で22時間攪拌した。得られた反応混合物に水を加え、減圧脱溶剤した後、水で不揮発分量を調整した。このようにして、-SRとリン酸エステル残基とを含まない比較用(メタ)アクリル系重合体(B’-2)の水溶液を得た(不揮発物含量33%)。該樹脂のゲルパーミエーション・クロマトグラフィーにより測定された重量平均分子量は7,200、アミン価は27.6mgKOH/gであった。
Claims (16)
- (I)ポリエチレングリコール鎖(b1)を有する(メタ)アクリレート系マクロモノマー(x1)を、
-SR(Rは、炭素数1~18のアルキル基、ベンゼン環上に置換基を有していても良いフェニル基、又は、ヒドロキシ基、炭素数1~18のアルコキシ基、炭素数1~18のアラルキルオキシ基、ベンゼン環上に置換基を有していても良いフェニルオキシ基、カルボキシ基、カルボキシ基の塩、炭素数1~18の1価若しくは多価のアルキルカルボニルオキシ基及び炭素数1~18の1価若しくは多価のアルコキシカルボニル基からなる群から選ばれる1つ以上の官能基を有する炭素数1~8のアルキル基である。)で表される官能基(b3)を有する連鎖移動剤(x3)の存在下で重合させて得られる(メタ)アクリル系重合体(B1)と、
-OP(O)(OH)2で表されるリン酸エステル残基(b2)を有する(メタ)アクリレート系モノマー(x2)を-SR(Rは、前記と同じである。)で表される官能基(b3)を有する連鎖移動剤(x3)の存在下で重合させて得られる(メタ)アクリル系重合体(B2)と、を水性媒体中に溶解する工程、
(II)(I)で得られた水性溶液に金属化合物(A)又は金属化合物(A)の水性溶液を加える工程、
(III)(II)で得られた混合液に、還元剤(C)若しくは還元剤(C)の水性溶液、又は、前記(メタ)アクリル系重合体(B1)及び/又は前記(メタ)アクリル系重合体(B2)と還元剤(C)とを含有する水性溶液を滴下する工程、
を有することを特徴とする金属ナノ粒子含有複合体の製造方法。 - (I’)ポリエチレングリコール鎖(b1)を有する(メタ)アクリレート系マクロモノマー(x1)と、-OP(O)(OH)2で表されるリン酸エステル残基(b2)を有する(メタ)アクリレート系モノマー(x2)とを、-SR(Rは、炭素数1~18のアルキル基、ベンゼン環上に置換基を有していても良いフェニル基、又は、ヒドロキシ基、炭素数1~18のアルコキシ基、炭素数1~18のアラルキルオキシ基、ベンゼン環上に置換基を有していても良いフェニルオキシ基、カルボキシ基、カルボキシ基の塩、炭素数1~18の1価若しくは多価のアルキルカルボニルオキシ基及び炭素数1~18の1価若しくは多価のアルコキシカルボニル基からなる群から選ばれる1つ以上の官能基を有する炭素数1~8のアルキル基である。)で表される官能基(b3)を有する連鎖移動剤(x3)の存在下で重合させて得られる(メタ)アクリル系重合体(B3)を水性媒体中に溶解する工程、
(II’)(I’)で得られた水性溶液に金属化合物(A)又は金属化合物(A)の水性溶液を加える工程、
(III’)(II’)で得られた混合液に、還元剤(C)若しくは還元剤(C)の水性溶液、又は、
ポリエチレングリコール鎖(b1)を有する(メタ)アクリレート系マクロモノマー(x1)を、-SR(Rは、前記と同じである。)で表される官能基(b3)を有する連鎖移動剤(x3)の存在下で重合させて得られる(メタ)アクリル系重合体(B1)、
-OP(O)(OH)2で表されるリン酸エステル残基(b2)を有する(メタ)アクリレート系モノマー(x2)を-SR(Rは、前記と同じである。)で表される官能基(b3)を有する連鎖移動剤(x3)の存在下で重合させて得られる(メタ)アクリル系重合体(B2)
及び前記(メタ)アクリル系重合体(B3)からなる群から選ばれる1種以上の(メタ)アクリル系重合体と還元剤(C)とを含有する水性溶液を滴下する工程、
を有することを特徴とする金属ナノ粒子含有複合体の製造方法。 - 前記(メタ)アクリル系重合体(B1)および(B2)の重量平均分子量が3,000~10,000の範囲である請求項1記載の金属ナノ粒子含有複合体の製造方法。
- 前記(メタ)アクリル系重合体(B3)の重量平均分子量が3,000~10,000の範囲である請求項2記載の金属ナノ粒子含有複合体の製造方法。
- 前記金属化合物(A)における金属種が、銀、金、白金、パラジウム、ルテニウム、ロジウム、又は銅である請求項1~4の何れか1項記載の金属ナノ粒子含有複合体の製造方法。
- 前記(メタ)アクリル系重合体(B1)と前記(メタ)アクリル系重合体(B2)との混合割合が、(B1)/(B2)で表されるモル比で20/1~1/1の範囲である請求項1記載の金属ナノ粒子含有複合体の製造方法。
- 前記(メタ)アクリル系重合体(B3)が、
前記ポリエチレングリコール鎖(b1)を有する(メタ)アクリレート系マクロモノマー(x1)と前記リン酸エステル残基(b2)を有する(メタ)アクリレート系モノマー(x2)とを、(x1)/(x2)で表されるモル比で1/2~10/1の比率で用い、且つ、前記-SR(Rは、前記と同じである。)で表される官能基(b3)を有する連鎖移動剤(x3)を、(メタ)アクリレート系マクロモノマー(x1)と(メタ)アクリレート系モノマー(x2)との合計モル数に対して0.05~0.5倍モル使用して得られる重合体である請求項2記載の金属ナノ粒子含有複合体の製造方法。 - (I)ポリエチレングリコール鎖(b1)を有する(メタ)アクリレート系マクロモノマー(x1)を、
-SR(Rは、炭素数1~18のアルキル基、ベンゼン環上に置換基を有していても良いフェニル基、又は、ヒドロキシ基、炭素数1~18のアルコキシ基、炭素数1~18のアラルキルオキシ基、ベンゼン環上に置換基を有していても良いフェニルオキシ基、カルボキシ基、カルボキシ基の塩、炭素数1~18の1価若しくは多価のアルキルカルボニルオキシ基及び炭素数1~18の1価若しくは多価のアルコキシカルボニル基からなる群から選ばれる1つ以上の官能基を有する炭素数1~8のアルキル基である。)で表される官能基(b3)を有する連鎖移動剤(x3)の存在下で重合させて得られる(メタ)アクリル系重合体(B1)と、
-OP(O)(OH)2で表されるリン酸エステル残基(b2)を有する(メタ)アクリレート系モノマー(x2)を-SR(Rは、前記と同じである。)で表される官能基(b3)を有する連鎖移動剤(x3)の存在下で重合させて得られる(メタ)アクリル系重合体(B2)と、を水性媒体中に溶解する工程、
(II)(I)で得られた水性溶液に金属化合物(A)又は金属化合物(A)の水性溶液を加える工程、
(III)(II)で得られた混合液に、還元剤(C)若しくは還元剤(C)の水性溶液、又は、前記(メタ)アクリル系重合体(B1)及び/又は前記(メタ)アクリル系重合体(B2)と還元剤(C)とを含有する水性溶液を滴下する工程、
(IV)(III)で得られた生成物から金属ナノ粒子含有複合体を析出させずに、少なくとも水の存在下で精製・濃縮し、続いて水及びヒドロキシ基を有する有機溶剤からなる群から選ばれる1種以上の溶剤に分散する工程、
を有することを特徴とする金属ナノ粒子含有複合体の分散液の製造方法。 - (I’)ポリエチレングリコール鎖(b1)を有する(メタ)アクリレート系マクロモノマー(x1)と、-OP(O)(OH)2で表されるリン酸エステル残基(b2)を有する(メタ)アクリレート系モノマー(x2)とを、-SR(Rは、炭素数1~18のアルキル基、ベンゼン環上に置換基を有していても良いフェニル基、又は、ヒドロキシ基、炭素数1~18のアルコキシ基、炭素数1~18のアラルキルオキシ基、ベンゼン環上に置換基を有していても良いフェニルオキシ基、カルボキシ基、カルボキシ基の塩、炭素数1~18の1価若しくは多価のアルキルカルボニルオキシ基及び炭素数1~18の1価若しくは多価のアルコキシカルボニル基からなる群から選ばれる1つ以上の官能基を有する炭素数1~8のアルキル基である。)で表される官能基(b3)を有する連鎖移動剤(x3)の存在下で重合させて得られる(メタ)アクリル系重合体(B3)を水性媒体中に溶解する工程、
(II’)(I’)で得られた水性溶液に金属化合物(A)又は金属化合物(A)の水性溶液を加える工程、
(III’)(II’)で得られた混合液に、還元剤(C)若しくは還元剤(C)の水性溶液、又は、
ポリエチレングリコール鎖(b1)を有する(メタ)アクリレート系マクロモノマー(x1)を、-SR(Rは、前記と同じである。)で表される官能基(b3)を有する連鎖移動剤(x3)の存在下で重合させて得られる(メタ)アクリル系重合体(B1)、
-OP(O)(OH)2で表されるリン酸エステル残基(b2)を有する(メタ)アクリレート系モノマー(x2)を-SR(Rは、前記と同じである。)で表される官能基(b3)を有する連鎖移動剤(x3)の存在下で重合させて得られる(メタ)アクリル系重合体(B2)
及び前記(メタ)アクリル系重合体(B3)からなる群から選ばれる1種以上の(メタ)アクリル系重合体と還元剤(C)とを含有する水性溶液を滴下する工程、
(IV’)(III’)で得られた生成物から金属ナノ粒子含有複合体を析出させずに、少なくとも水の存在下で精製・濃縮し、続いて水及びヒドロキシ基を有する有機溶剤からなる群から選ばれる1種以上の溶剤に分散する工程、
を有することを特徴とする金属ナノ粒子含有複合体の分散液の製造方法。 - 粒子径が2~50nmの金属ナノ粒子(A’)が、(メタ)アクリル系重合体(B)で被覆されてなる金属ナノ粒子含有複合体であって、
前記(メタ)アクリル系重合体(B)が、少なくとも一つの末端が-SR(Rは、炭素数1~18のアルキル基、ベンゼン環上に置換基を有していても良いフェニル基、又は、ヒドロキシ基、炭素数1~18のアルコキシ基、炭素数1~18のアラルキルオキシ基、ベンゼン環上に置換基を有していても良いフェニルオキシ基、カルボキシ基、カルボキシ基の塩、炭素数1~18の1価若しくは多価のアルキルカルボニルオキシ基及び炭素数1~18の1価若しくは多価のアルコキシカルボニル基からなる群から選ばれる1つ以上の官能基を有する炭素数1~8のアルキル基である。)で表される官能基(b3)であり、且つ側鎖にポリエチレングリコール鎖(b1)を有する(メタ)アクリル系重合体(B1)と、
少なくとも一つの末端が-SR(Rは、前記と同じである。)で表される官能基(b3)であり、且つ側鎖に-OP(O)(OH)2で表されるリン酸エステル残基(b2)を有する(メタ)アクリル系重合体(B2)と、を含有することを特徴とする金属ナノ粒子含有複合体。 - 前記(メタ)アクリル系重合体中(B)に、更に少なくとも一つの末端が-SR(Rは、前記と同じである。)で表される官能基(b3)であり、且つ側鎖にポリエチレングリコール鎖(b1)と、-OP(O)(OH)2で表されるリン酸エステル残基(b2)とを有する(メタ)アクリル系共重合体を含有するものである請求項10記載の金属ナノ粒子含有複合体。
- 複合体中における金属ナノ粒子(A’)の含有率が92~98質量%である請求項10又は11記載の金属ナノ粒子含有複合体。
- 請求項10~12の何れか1項記載の金属ナノ粒子含有複合体が、水、ヒドロキシ基を有する有機溶剤、および芳香族炭化水素溶剤からなる群から選ばれる1種以上の溶剤に分散していることを特徴とする金属ナノ粒子含有複合体の分散液。
- 請求項8又は9に記載の製造方法で得られるものである請求項13記載の分散液。
- 金属ナノ粒子含有複合体の含有率が10~85質量%である請求項13又は14記載の分散液。
- 請求項13~15の何れか1項記載の分散液をプラスチック基材に直接塗布し、100℃以下で乾燥して得られることを特徴とするプラスチック基板。
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CN102574206A (zh) | 2012-07-11 |
JP4697356B1 (ja) | 2011-06-08 |
CN102574206B (zh) | 2014-06-04 |
EP2492033A1 (en) | 2012-08-29 |
KR20120098599A (ko) | 2012-09-05 |
JPWO2011048876A1 (ja) | 2013-03-07 |
KR101665464B1 (ko) | 2016-10-12 |
EP2492033B1 (en) | 2017-03-08 |
EP2492033A4 (en) | 2014-07-23 |
US8388870B2 (en) | 2013-03-05 |
US20120280186A1 (en) | 2012-11-08 |
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