WO2010113841A1 - 口腔内崩壊性被覆錠剤 - Google Patents
口腔内崩壊性被覆錠剤 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2010113841A1 WO2010113841A1 PCT/JP2010/055517 JP2010055517W WO2010113841A1 WO 2010113841 A1 WO2010113841 A1 WO 2010113841A1 JP 2010055517 W JP2010055517 W JP 2010055517W WO 2010113841 A1 WO2010113841 A1 WO 2010113841A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- orally disintegrating
- coating layer
- coated tablet
- parts
- tablet
- Prior art date
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- 238000007542 hardness measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000001050 hortel pimenta Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010977 hydroxypropyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001863 hydroxypropyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008863 intramolecular interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019223 lemon-lime Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002646 long chain fatty acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229960002160 maltose Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000001525 mentha piperita l. herb oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940041616 menthol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019813 microcrystalline cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008108 microcrystalline cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940016286 microcrystalline cellulose Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000002200 mouth mucosa Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoferriooxy)iron hydrate Chemical compound O.O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019477 peppermint oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000825 pharmaceutical preparation Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940127557 pharmaceutical product Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000144 pharmacologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008363 phosphate buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000191 poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000010482 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000053 polysorbate 80 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001592 potato starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019423 pullulan Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HELXLJCILKEWJH-NCGAPWICSA-N rebaudioside A Chemical compound O([C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]([C@@H]1O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1)O)O[C@]12C(=C)C[C@@]3(C1)CC[C@@H]1[C@@](C)(CCC[C@]1([C@@H]3CC2)C)C(=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1)O)[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O HELXLJCILKEWJH-NCGAPWICSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002151 riboflavin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019192 riboflavin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960002477 riboflavin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- CVHZOJJKTDOEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N saccharin Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C2=C1 CVHZOJJKTDOEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000003296 saliva Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000028327 secretion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035807 sensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019615 sensations Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019333 sodium laurylsulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007962 solid dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013112 stability test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019408 sucralose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BAQAVOSOZGMPRM-QBMZZYIRSA-N sucralose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](Cl)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@@]1(CCl)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CCl)O1 BAQAVOSOZGMPRM-QBMZZYIRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007940 sugar coated tablet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000516 sunscreening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009747 swallowing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960003198 tamsulosin hydrochloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZZIZZTHXZRDOFM-XFULWGLBSA-N tamsulosin hydrochloride Chemical compound [H+].[Cl-].CCOC1=CC=CC=C1OCCN[C@H](C)CC1=CC=C(OC)C(S(N)(=O)=O)=C1 ZZIZZTHXZRDOFM-XFULWGLBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000892 thaumatin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010436 thaumatin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940052016 turmeric extract Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000020240 turmeric extract Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008513 turmeric extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- NCYCYZXNIZJOKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N vitamin A aldehyde Natural products O=CC=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C=CC1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C NCYCYZXNIZJOKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OENHQHLEOONYIE-JLTXGRSLSA-N β-Carotene Chemical compound CC=1CCCC(C)(C)C=1\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C OENHQHLEOONYIE-JLTXGRSLSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A61K9/2077—Tablets comprising drug-containing microparticles in a substantial amount of supporting matrix; Multiparticulate tablets
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- A61K31/4427—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems
- A61K31/4439—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems containing a five-membered ring with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. omeprazole
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- A61K31/445—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine
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- A61K31/551—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having seven-membered rings, e.g. azelastine, pentylenetetrazole having two nitrogen atoms, e.g. dilazep
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- A61K9/0056—Mouth soluble or dispersible forms; Suckable, eatable, chewable coherent forms; Forms rapidly disintegrating in the mouth; Lozenges; Lollipops; Bite capsules; Baked products; Baits or other oral forms for animals
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- A61K9/286—Polysaccharides, e.g. gums; Cyclodextrin
- A61K9/2866—Cellulose; Cellulose derivatives, e.g. hydroxypropyl methylcellulose
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a stable orally disintegrating coated tablet. More specifically, a water-soluble substance which dissolves in 1 g or more in less than 10 mL of water at 20 ° C. and has a hydroxy group in the molecule and a molecular weight per unit hydroxy group of 200 or less, and 5 wt% or more with respect to the coating layer weight
- the present invention relates to a stable orally disintegrating coated tablet containing a drug, which is coated with a coating layer containing a polyvinyl alcohol resin.
- Tablet coating is one of the processes to form a thin film-like substance on the tablet surface. Depending on the coating composition, the appearance is improved, water resistance is given, the abrasion is improved, the light is stabilized, and the discriminability is improved. It is implemented for the purpose of giving various functions such as granting.
- orally disintegrating tablets that disintegrate rapidly in the oral cavity as a dosage form that is easy to take for patients with reduced swallowing function due to various causes such as disease, aging, and decreased salivary secretion. It is being advanced.
- An orally disintegrating tablet is a special dosage form that pursues the disintegration rate because the disintegration rate required is higher than that of a general tablet from the viewpoint of patient ingestion.
- fast disintegrating properties and high tablet hardness are contradictory properties. Therefore, orally disintegrating tablets suffer from tablet chipping and cracking during packaging due to insufficient tablet hardness and high friability. Issues are pointed out in terms of handling on site.
- tablets are stored in a non-wrapping form in a pre-packaging machine and in a simple packaging form after packaging, they are easily affected by storage environments such as light, temperature, and humidity.
- These weak drugs for the external environment have the disadvantage that they cannot be applied.
- the tablet is generally covered with a coating layer in which a light-shielding agent is added to stabilize the tablet, but in the case of an orally disintegrating tablet, it depends on the coating layer. There is concern about the delay of disintegration, and it is difficult to stabilize the tablet itself with a light-shielding coating.
- orally disintegrating tablets are provided with quick disintegrating performance by adding a hygroscopic excipient or a strong disintegrating agent, many orally disintegrating tablets undergo volume expansion under high humidity. Therefore, in order to make an orally disintegrating tablet into a coated tablet, it is necessary not only to rapidly disintegrate but also to extend the coating layer.
- coating compositions while maintaining the orally disintegrating performance, There is no known performance that can withstand tablet expansion.
- an orally disintegrating film preparation that disintegrates in the oral cavity as another dosage form that is easy to take for the above purpose.
- a film preparation a composition in which a saccharide is added to a water-soluble polymer such as hydroxypropylmethylcellulose is disclosed (for example, Patent Document 4), but these mainly focus on disintegration. Not listed. Rather, the elongation of the film in the film formulation is essentially different from the conditions required for the coating layer of the orally disintegrating tablet, such as resulting in an unfavorable form such as softening of the film.
- Patent Document 5 a method of melting a soluble powder such as a low melting point polymer to form a coating layer.
- a coating layer uniformly on the whole tablet by the melting technique, which is insufficient as a stabilization method against light.
- covered the core which can disintegrate in an oral cavity with the composition which consists of gellan gum is disclosed as an administration formulation of an oral mucosa absorption drug (for example, patent document 6).
- an administration formulation of an oral mucosa absorption drug for example, patent document 6
- nalfrafin hydrochloride a solid preparation containing sodium thiosulfate, sugar or sugar alcohol, and low-substituted hydroxypropylcellulose is disclosed, and is described as a coated tablet (for example, Patent Document 7 and Patent Document 8).
- a general coating composition can be coated, and the excellent quick disintegration necessary for an orally disintegrating tablet and the crack prevention effect of the coating layer during storage are completely described.
- the present invention cannot be easily inferred from these reports.
- the present invention provides a stable orally disintegrating coating that does not cause cracks in the coating layer even when the orally disintegrating tablet swells due to moisture absorption under high humidity while ensuring rapid disintegration in the oral cavity.
- the purpose is to provide tablets.
- an object is also to suppress the degradation of the drug by blending a light-shielding agent in the coating layer.
- Tablet coating is performed for the purpose of improving the appearance, imparting water resistance, improving wear resistance, stabilizing the light, and imparting distinctiveness.
- orally disintegrating tablets are rapidly disintegrating, and the tablets expand due to moisture absorption, especially under high humidity. Therefore, with coating polymers such as hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, which are widely used, cracks occur in the coating layer during storage. It became clear that it occurred. Moreover, it became clear by coating
- the inventors have conducted intensive studies to develop a stable orally disintegrating coated tablet that has rapid disintegration and does not crack even under high humidity.
- a water-soluble substance (hereinafter referred to as the water-soluble substance of the present invention) having a hydroxyl group in the molecule and having a molecular weight of 200 or less per unit hydroxy group is dissolved in polyvinyl alcohol resin and water of less than 10 mL at 20 ° C. It has been found that only the combination of () may be abbreviated) provides a stable orally disintegrating coated tablet having excellent rapid disintegration and no cracking even under high humidity.
- a tablet containing a photolabile drug it was also found out that the decomposition of the drug was suppressed by blending a light shielding agent in the coating layer, and the present invention was completed.
- the water-soluble substance is at least maltose, maltitol, sorbitol, xylitol, glycerin, fructose, glucose, lactitol, isomaltose, lactose, erythritol, mannitol, trehalose, sucrose and polyethylene glycol having an average molecular weight of 400 or less.
- the drug is nalflaphine, amlodipine, donepezil, ebastine, selegiline, famotidine, irsogladine, brotizolam, olanzapine, lansoprazole, bepotastine, ramosetron, tamsulosin, naphthopidil, polaprezinc, voglibose, rizatriptan, middrine, risperidone, risperdin , Montelukast, azulene sulfonic acid, etizolam, enalapril, captopril, glibenclamide, chlormadinone acetate, doxazosin, triazolam, domperidone, ketotifen, bromperidol, pravastatin, simvastatin, loperamide, lisinopril, rilmazafone, precipitated
- an orally disintegrating coated tablet in which the tablet is insufficient in hardness, improved in high friability, or improved in degradation due to external environmental factors such as light. More specifically, the present invention is stable in that the coating layer does not crack even when the orally disintegrating tablet swells due to moisture absorption under high humidity while ensuring rapid disintegration in the oral cavity.
- An orally disintegrating coated tablet can be provided. Further, in an orally disintegrating tablet containing a photolabile drug, the decomposition of the drug can be suppressed by blending a light-shielding agent into the coating layer. Due to these effects, even orally disintegrating tablets that could not be encapsulated so far can be encapsulated, improving patient compliance and improving the therapeutic effect.
- the orally disintegrating coated tablet of the present invention will be described below.
- the polyvinyl alcohol-based resin used in the present invention refers to polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and derivatives or copolymers thereof, and commercially available products may be used.
- Specific products of polyvinyl alcohol include, for example, Gohsenol (R) EG05, EG25, EG30, EG40 manufactured by Nippon Synthetic Chemical, and polyvinyl alcohol 4-88, 5-88, 8-88, 26-88, 40- manufactured by Merck.
- polyvinyl alcohol copolymers include BASF polyvinyl alcohol / polyethylene glycol / graft copolymer, Kollicoat® IR, and the like.
- Specific products of polyvinyl alcohol derivatives include, for example, POVACOAT® Type F, Type R, Type L manufactured by Daido Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd., a polyvinyl alcohol copolymer.
- a polyhydric alcohol group such as glycerin into the side chain of polyvinyl alcohol, the intramolecular interaction of polyvinyl alcohol is reduced, and the properties such as solubility or elongation of the film formed using the polymer are improved.
- a polyhydric alcohol group such as glycerin
- one or two or more can be used in combination.
- the water-soluble substance that is soluble in 1 g or more in less than 10 mL of water at 20 ° C. of the present invention is strongly for 30 seconds every 5 minutes at 20 ⁇ 5 ° C. according to the description of solubility in the 15th revised Japanese Pharmacopoeia General Rules page A-13 When shaken, a water-soluble substance exhibiting rapid solubility, sufficient with less than 10 mL of water to dissolve 1 g within 30 minutes.
- Table 1 shows a list of terms relating to solubility described in the 15th revised Japanese Pharmacopoeia General Rules, pages A-13. Those classified as “extremely soluble” or “easily soluble” in Table 1 are preferably used.
- a water-soluble substance having a hydroxy group in the molecule and having a molecular weight of 200 or less per unit hydroxy group means that a value obtained by dividing the molecular weight by the number of hydroxy groups in the molecule is 200 or less. If it exceeds 200, sufficient interaction with the polyvinyl alcohol resin cannot be expected, and the coating layer cannot be stretched.
- sugar, sugar alcohol and polyhydric alcohol are suitable.
- maltose, maltitol, lactitol, lactose, erythritol, mannitol, trehalose and isomaltose are preferable, and lactose, mannitol, maltitol and lactitol are more preferable.
- lactose, mannitol, maltitol and lactitol are more preferable.
- one kind or a combination of two or more kinds can be used.
- the blending amount of the polyvinyl alcohol resin in the coating layer of the present invention may be 5% by weight or more with respect to the coating layer weight, preferably 10 to 60% by weight, and 10 to 40% by weight. More preferably.
- the blending amount of the polyvinyl alcohol resin is less than 5% by weight with respect to the coating layer weight, the film-forming property of the polyvinyl alcohol is lost, and adhesion between tablets at the time of production and cracks in the coating layer occur under high humidity. To do.
- the weight ratio of the polyvinyl alcohol resin in the coating layer of the present invention to the water-soluble substance of the present invention is not particularly limited, but is from 1: 0.1 to 1 in terms of disintegration and film-forming properties due to the polyvinyl alcohol resin. : 9, preferably 1: 0.2 to 1: 6, and more preferably 1: 0.4 to 1: 4.
- the stable orally disintegrating coated tablet of the present invention means that even when the orally disintegrating tablet swells due to moisture absorption under high humidity, the coating layer is hardly cracked.
- the difficulty of cracking of the coating layer can be evaluated by leaving the orally disintegrating coated tablet in an atmosphere of 40 ° C. and 75% RH (Relativistic Humidity) for 24 hours and confirming the appearance of the coating layer. .
- the elongation percentage of such a coating layer may be 1% or more, preferably 2% or more, and more preferably 4% or more.
- the elongation of the coating layer was determined by casting a solution or suspension having a coating composition solid content of about 30% by weight on a glass surface with an applicator (YBA type baker applicator 0 to 1 mm) at 0.5 mm and drying.
- the film having a width of 10 mm and a thickness of about 0.075 mm can be measured with a tensile tester (Tensilon) at 25 ° C. in a 60% RH atmosphere at a tensile speed of 100 mm / min.
- the coating layer of the present invention can contain a light-shielding agent as necessary in addition to the above-described components.
- the light-shielding agent include titanium oxide, iron sesquioxide, yellow iron sesquioxide, black iron oxide, talc, and kaolin.
- it is sufficient to add titanium oxide, iron sesquioxide, yellow iron sesquioxide.
- a light shielding effect is obtained.
- one kind or a combination of two or more kinds can be used.
- the blending amount of the light-shielding agent is 0.1 to 40 weights with respect to the coating layer weight. %, Preferably 1 to 35% by weight, more preferably 5 to 30% by weight.
- a pharmaceutically acceptable additive can be added to the coating layer of the present invention as necessary within a range that does not impair the effects of the present invention.
- the additive include an excipient, a disintegrant, a binder, a corrigent, a fragrance, a coloring agent, and a lubricant.
- excipients include starches such as corn starch and potato starch, microcrystalline cellulose, and light anhydrous silicic acid.
- the disintegrating agent include partially pregelatinized starch, carmellose calcium, crospovidone, low-substituted hydroxypropylcellulose, croscarmellose sodium, carboxymethyl starch sodium and the like.
- binder examples include polyvinyl pyrrolidone, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, gum arabic powder, gelatin, pullulan, carmellose sodium, ethylcellulose, aminoalkyl metal relate copolymer and the like.
- corrigent examples include aspartame, sucralose, sodium saccharin, dipotassium glycyrrhizin, stevia, thaumatin, and citric acid.
- fragrances examples include menthol, peppermint, lemon, lemon lime, orange, peppermint oil, and various flavors.
- colorant examples include tar dyes, turmeric extract, caramel, carotene solution, ⁇ -carotene, copper chlorophyll, and riboflavin.
- examples of the lubricant include surfactants such as polyethylene glycol, liquid paraffin, silicone, and long chain fatty acid ester, and waxes such as beeswax, carnauba wax, and paraffin. These additives are exemplified and are not limited at all. It is also possible to add the additive to the inner and outer surfaces of the coating layer of the present invention.
- the coating operation of the stable orally disintegrating coated tablet of the present invention can use a dry coating method or a wet coating method.
- the dry coating method include a method of coating with a coating layer interposed during tableting as described in JP-A-2005-529645.
- cover by spraying and drying a coating liquid on the surface of a tablet are mentioned.
- a coating solution is obtained by dissolving or suspending a coating layer composition containing the water-soluble substance of the present invention and 5% by weight or more of a polyvinyl alcohol resin with respect to the coating layer weight in a solvent such as water or ethanol or methanol. Prepared. These solvents can be used alone or in combination.
- a commonly used device is used, and for example, a pan coating device or the like can be used.
- Operating conditions are not particularly limited, but in the case of orally disintegrating tablets with high friability, the coating speed should be evenly formed on the edges of the tablets by setting the number of rotations of the bread lower than usual. Can do.
- the thickness of the coating layer to be formed varies depending on the shape and size of the preparation, but from the viewpoint of rapid disintegration, it may be 200 ⁇ m or less, preferably 100 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 50 ⁇ m or less. preferable.
- the oral disintegration time of an orally disintegrating tablet is determined by measuring the time until the tablet is completely disintegrated by saliva without chewing the tablet without taking water in the oral cavity of healthy adult men and women.
- An objective value can be obtained by taking the average value of more than one measurer.
- the fact that the tablet completely disintegrates means a point in time when no foreign body sensation is felt in the oral cavity.
- Orally disintegrating tablets can be obtained from Patricia Van Arnum, “Advanced ODT Technology,” Pharmaceutical Technology, Vol. 3, No. 10 pp. 66-76, 2007 (Pharmaceutical Technology “Advancing Auditory Technology” by Arunam, Vol. 3, No. 10, pp.
- the oral disintegration time of the orally disintegrating coated tablet may be less than 60 seconds, preferably less than 50 seconds, and more preferably less than 40 seconds.
- the oral disintegration time of the coating layer For the oral disintegration time of the coating layer, first, the oral disintegration time of the orally disintegrating coated tablet is measured, and then the oral disintegration time of the inner core portion obtained by cutting the coating layer of the orally disintegrating coated tablet is measured. It can be determined by subtracting the disintegration time of the inner core portion from the disintegration time of the internally disintegrating coated tablet. As described in Okimoto, “Monthly Pharmaceutical Affairs”, Jiho Publishing, Vol. 50, No. 11, pp. 47-55 (issue date: October 1, 2008) Since the oral disintegration time of the tablet is about 10 seconds to 42 seconds, in order to make the oral disintegration time of the orally disintegrating coated tablet less than 60 seconds, the oral disintegration time of the coating layer is less than 18 seconds. It is sufficient that it is less than 15 seconds, and more preferably less than 12 seconds.
- the orally disintegrating coated tablet of the present invention is not limited to taking without water, and may be taken with water.
- the inner core in the present invention is not particularly limited with respect to the production method and composition as long as the disintegration time in the oral cavity is about 1 to 42 seconds.
- a conventional method in the pharmaceutical field such as a direct tableting method, an indirect tableting method, and a molding method can be used.
- Such production methods include, for example, a method in which wet particles are tableted to obtain a porous tablet, a method using physicochemical properties such as crystallization of sugars, a method using freeze-drying technology, and a disintegration of crospovidone. And a production method using an external agent and a production method using an external lubricant method.
- the drug of the stable orally disintegrating coated tablet in the present invention is not particularly limited and is not limited as long as it is a drug having pharmacological activity.
- the drug is nalflaphine, amlodipine, donepezil, ebastine, selegiline, famotidine, irsogladine, brotizolam, olanzapine, lansoprazole, bepotastine, ramosetron, tamsulosin, naphthopidil, polaprezinc, voglibose, rizatriptan, middrine, risperidone, ondone Montelukast, azulene sulfonic acid, etizolam, enalapril, captopril, glibenclamide, chlormadinone acetate, doxazosin, triazolam, domperidone, ketotifen, bromperidol,
- a light-shielding agent to the coating layer.
- Examples of a method for producing an orally disintegrating tablet containing nalfrafin or a pharmacologically acceptable salt and / or solvate thereof include, for example, powdered mannitol (PEARLITOL (registered trademark) 50C, etc., manufactured by Rocket Japan) and crospovidone. (Kollidon CL manufactured by BASF, etc.) and granulated granule mannitol (Pearlitol (registered trademark) 300DC manufactured by Rocket Japan, etc.) are separately granulated with narfrafin or a pharmacologically acceptable salt and / or solvate thereof.
- Orally disintegrating tablets can be obtained by mixing and tableting with the granulated granules.
- a stabilizer for ensuring the stability of nalflaphine or a pharmacologically acceptable salt and / or solvate thereof in the preparation can be blended, and sodium thiosulfate or the like can be blended. You can also.
- Generally used equipment is used for wet granulation, such as fluidized bed granulator, rolling fluidized bed granulator, stirring granulator, cylindrical extrusion granulator, wet extrusion granulator, etc. Can be used.
- a generally used apparatus is used, and for example, a single-shot tableting machine, a rotary tableting machine, or the like can be used. What is necessary is just to set the shaping
- the shape of the tablet is not particularly limited, but the friability tends to be improved by using a WR tablet.
- Mannitol (Pairitol 300DC, Rocket Japan) is 96.745 parts by weight (hereinafter abbreviated as “parts”. The same applies unless otherwise specified). It was put into a granulator (FLO-5, Freund Industries). Next, a spray solution in which 0.005 part of nalflaphine hydrochloride and 0.1 part of sodium thiosulfate hydrate was dissolved in distilled water was sprayed on the granules to produce granulated granules.
- magnesium stearate (Ohira Chemical) was added to 129.35 parts of the sized granules and mixed for 5 minutes. The obtained granules were made into 130 mg WR tablets using a tableting machine (Correct19, Kikusui Seisakusho).
- Example 1 10 parts of PVA (polyvinyl alcohol 4-88, Merck) and 90 parts of maltitol (MALTISORB200, Rocket Japan) were dissolved in distilled water to prepare a coating solution having a solid content of 10% by weight. 200 g of the orally disintegrating tablet produced according to Reference Example 1 was put into a film coating machine (DRC-200, Powrec), and the coating solution was sprayed to obtain 131.95 mg of a coating layer of 1.95 mg for 130 mg of the tablet. An orally disintegrating coated tablet was obtained.
- DRC-200 film coating machine
- Example 2 The coating liquid of Example 1 is composed of 60 parts of POVACOAT (TYPEF, Daido Kasei Kogyo) which is a polyvinyl alcohol resin, 5 parts of glycerin (Japanese pharmacopoeia glycerin, Asahi Denka Kogyo), and 35 parts of lactose (Pharmose 200M, DMV). Coating was carried out in the same manner except that the solid content was a 10 wt% aqueous solution, thereby obtaining a 133.9 mg orally disintegrating coated tablet having a 3.9 mg coating layer on a 130 mg tablet.
- POVACOAT TYPEF, Daido Kasei Kogyo
- glycerin Japanese pharmacopoeia glycerin, Asahi Denka Kogyo
- lactose Pharmose 200M, DMV
- Example 3 The coating solution of Example 1 was coated in the same manner except that the coating liquid was a 10 wt% solids aqueous dispersion composed of 60 parts of PVA, 6 parts of glycerin and 34 parts of crospovidone (Kollidon CLSF, BASF). It was set as the 133.9 mg orally disintegrating coated tablet which has a 3.9 mg coating layer with respect to a tablet.
- the coating liquid was a 10 wt% solids aqueous dispersion composed of 60 parts of PVA, 6 parts of glycerin and 34 parts of crospovidone (Kollidon CLSF, BASF). It was set as the 133.9 mg orally disintegrating coated tablet which has a 3.9 mg coating layer with respect to a tablet.
- Comparative Example 1 Coating was carried out in the same manner except that the coating liquid of Example 1 was a 10 wt% solid aqueous solution consisting of 60 parts of PVA and 40 parts of PEG 6000 (Japanese fats and oils). It was a 133.9 mg coated tablet with a layer.
- the coating liquid of Example 1 was a 10 wt% solid aqueous solution consisting of 60 parts of PVA and 40 parts of PEG 6000 (Japanese fats and oils). It was a 133.9 mg coated tablet with a layer.
- Comparative Example 2 Coating was carried out in the same manner except that the coating liquid of Example 1 was a 10 wt% solid content aqueous solution consisting of 60 parts of PVA and 40 parts of sodium lauryl sulfate (Nikko Chemical), and 3.9 mg per 130 mg tablet.
- the coating liquid of Example 1 was a 10 wt% solid content aqueous solution consisting of 60 parts of PVA and 40 parts of sodium lauryl sulfate (Nikko Chemical), and 3.9 mg per 130 mg tablet.
- Comparative Example 3 The same operation except that the coating liquid of Example 1 was a 10 wt% solids aqueous dispersion composed of 60 parts of PVA and 40 parts of low-substituted hydroxypropylcellulose (L-HPC) (LH-31, Shin-Etsu Chemical). The resulting coating was made into a 133.9 mg coated tablet having a coating layer of 3.9 mg per 130 mg tablet.
- L-HPC low-substituted hydroxypropylcellulose
- Example 4 The coating solution of Example 1 was coated in the same manner except that the coating solution was 60 parts of PVA and 40 parts of crystalline cellulose (Ceolus PH-101, Asahi Kasei Chemicals). 133.9 mg coated tablets with a 3.9 mg coating layer.
- Example 5 The coating solution of Example 1 was coated in the same manner except that it was a 10% solids aqueous dispersion composed of 60 parts of PVA and 40 parts of talc (Crown talc pharmacopoeia PP, Matsumura Sangyo). 133.9 mg coated tablets with a 3.9 mg coating layer.
- Comparative Example 6 Coating was carried out in the same manner except that the coating liquid of Example 1 was a solid content 10% by weight aqueous dispersion composed of 60 parts of PVA and 40 parts of crospovidone, and 3.9 mg of a coating layer was applied to a 130 mg tablet. A 133.9 mg coated tablet with
- Comparative Example 7 Coating was performed in the same manner except that the coating liquid of Example 1 was a 10 wt% solid content aqueous solution composed of 3 parts of PVA and 97 parts of maltitol.
- Example 4 10% by weight solids dispersion in which the coating liquid of Example 1 is composed of 60 parts of PVA, 2.5 parts of glycerin, and 37.5 parts of low-substituted hydroxypropylcellulose (L-HPC) (LH-31, Shin-Etsu Chemical). Except that the coating was carried out in the same manner as described above to obtain a 133.9 mg orally disintegrating coated tablet having a coating layer of 3.9 mg with respect to a 130 mg tablet.
- L-HPC low-substituted hydroxypropylcellulose
- Example 5 The coating solution of Example 1 was coated in the same manner except that the coating liquid was a 10 wt% solid content aqueous solution consisting of 70 parts of PVA and 30 parts of maltitol, and had a coating layer of 3.9 mg for 130 mg tablets. It was set as 133.9 mg orally disintegrating coated tablet.
- the coating liquid was a 10 wt% solid content aqueous solution consisting of 70 parts of PVA and 30 parts of maltitol, and had a coating layer of 3.9 mg for 130 mg tablets. It was set as 133.9 mg orally disintegrating coated tablet.
- Example 6 Except that the coating liquid of Example 1 is a 10 wt% solids aqueous dispersion composed of 20 parts of PVA, 50 parts of maltitol, 27 parts of titanium oxide (HA-R, Freund Industries) and 3 parts of iron sesquioxide. In this way, the coating was carried out to obtain a 132.6 mg orally disintegrating coated tablet having a coating layer of 2.6 mg per 130 mg tablet.
- the coating liquid of Example 1 is a 10 wt% solids aqueous dispersion composed of 20 parts of PVA, 50 parts of maltitol, 27 parts of titanium oxide (HA-R, Freund Industries) and 3 parts of iron sesquioxide.
- H-R titanium oxide
- Freund Industries Freund Industries
- Example 7 The coating solution of Example 1 was coated by the same operation except that the coating solution was 30 parts of PVA, 40 parts of maltitol, 27 parts of titanium oxide, and 3 parts of iron sesquioxide. It was set as the 133.9 mg orally disintegrating coating tablet which has a coating layer of 3.9 mg with respect to this tablet.
- Example 8 The coating solution of Example 1 was coated by the same operation except that the coating solution was 40 parts of PVA, 30 parts of maltitol, 27 parts of titanium oxide, and 3 parts of iron sesquioxide. It was set as the 133.9 mg orally disintegrating coating tablet which has a coating layer of 3.9 mg with respect to this tablet.
- Example 9 The coating liquid of Example 1 is a 10 wt% solids aqueous dispersion composed of 30 parts of PVA, 38 parts of maltitol, 27 parts of titanium oxide, 3 parts of iron sesquioxide, and 2 parts of silicone (SH200C FLUID100CS, Toray Dow Corning). Except for the above, coating was carried out in the same manner as described above to obtain a 133.9 mg orally disintegrating coated tablet having a coating layer of 3.9 mg with respect to a 130 mg tablet.
- silicone SH200C FLUID100CS, Toray Dow Corning
- Example 10 The coating liquid of Example 1 is a 10 wt% solids aqueous dispersion composed of 30 parts of PVA, 20 parts of maltitol, 20 parts of lactitol (Lactitol MC, Danisco Japan), 27 parts of titanium oxide and 3 parts of iron sesquioxide. Except for the above, coating was carried out in the same manner to obtain 133.9 mg of orally disintegrating coated tablet having a coating layer of 3.9 mg with respect to 130 mg of tablet.
- Example 11 The coating solution of Example 1 was coated in the same manner except that the coating solution was 30 parts of PVA, 40 parts of lactitol, 27 parts of titanium oxide, and 3 parts of iron sesquioxide. It was set as the 133.9 mg orally disintegrating coated tablet which has a 3.9 mg coating layer with respect to a tablet.
- Example 12 Except that the coating liquid of Example 1 is a 10% by weight solids aqueous dispersion composed of 20 parts of PVA, 45 parts of lactitol, 27 parts of titanium oxide, 3 parts of iron sesquioxide, and 5 parts of polishing wax (103, Freund's industry). Was coated by the same operation to obtain 133.9 mg orally disintegrating coated tablets having a coating layer of 3.9 mg with respect to 130 mg tablets.
- the coating liquid of Example 1 is a 10% by weight solids aqueous dispersion composed of 20 parts of PVA, 45 parts of lactitol, 27 parts of titanium oxide, 3 parts of iron sesquioxide, and 5 parts of polishing wax (103, Freund's industry).
- polishing wax 103, Freund's industry
- Example 13 The same operation except that the coating liquid of Example 1 is a 10 wt% solids aqueous dispersion composed of 30 parts of PVA, 40 parts of trehalose (Trehalose G, Asahi Kasei Chemicals), 27 parts of titanium oxide, and 3 parts of iron sesquioxide. Thus, a 133.9 mg orally disintegrating coated tablet having a coating layer of 3.9 mg per 130 mg tablet was obtained.
- the coating liquid of Example 1 is a 10 wt% solids aqueous dispersion composed of 30 parts of PVA, 40 parts of trehalose (Trehalose G, Asahi Kasei Chemicals), 27 parts of titanium oxide, and 3 parts of iron sesquioxide.
- Example 14 The same operation except that the coating liquid of Example 1 is a 10% by weight solids aqueous dispersion composed of 30 parts of PVA, 40 parts of mannitol (Pearritol 50C, Rocket Japan), 27 parts of titanium oxide, and 3 parts of iron sesquioxide. Thus, a 133.9 mg orally disintegrating coated tablet having a coating layer of 3.9 mg per 130 mg tablet was obtained.
- the coating liquid of Example 1 is a 10% by weight solids aqueous dispersion composed of 30 parts of PVA, 40 parts of mannitol (Pearritol 50C, Rocket Japan), 27 parts of titanium oxide, and 3 parts of iron sesquioxide.
- Example 15 By the same operation except that the coating liquid of Example 1 is a solid dispersion 10 wt% aqueous dispersion composed of 30 parts of PVA, 40 parts of maltose (purified maltose, Hayashibara), 27 parts of titanium oxide and 3 parts of iron sesquioxide. Coating was carried out to obtain a 133.9 mg orally disintegrating coated tablet having a coating layer of 3.9 mg per 130 mg tablet.
- Example 16 The coating solution of Example 1 was coated in the same manner except that the coating liquid was 30 parts of PVA, 40 parts of erythritol (Nikken Kasei), 27 parts of titanium oxide, and 3 parts of ferric oxide. To obtain a 133.9 mg orally disintegrating coated tablet having a 3.9 mg coating layer on a 130 mg tablet.
- Example 17 The coating solution of Example 1 was coated by the same operation except that the coating liquid was 30 parts of PVA, 35 parts of lactose, 5 parts of glycerin, 27 parts of titanium oxide and 3 parts of iron sesquioxide. It was made into a 133.9 mg orally disintegrating coated tablet having a coating layer of 3.9 mg with respect to 130 mg tablet.
- Example 8 The coating solution of Example 1 is a solid content of 10% by weight consisting of 30 parts of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) (TC-5R, Shin-Etsu Chemical), 35 parts of lactose, 5 parts of glycerin, 27 parts of titanium oxide, and 3 parts of iron sesquioxide. Coating was carried out in the same manner except that the dispersion was an aqueous dispersion, whereby a 133.9 mg orally disintegrating coated tablet having a 3.9 mg coating layer on a 130 mg tablet was obtained.
- HPMC hydroxypropylmethylcellulose
- T-5R Shin-Etsu Chemical
- Example 18 Except that the coating liquid of Example 1 is a 10 wt% solids aqueous dispersion composed of 30 parts of PVA, 5 parts of maltitol, 10 parts of lactitol, 25 parts of lactose, 27 parts of titanium oxide and 3 parts of iron sesquioxide. The coating was carried out as described above to obtain a 133.9 mg orally disintegrating coated tablet having a coating layer of 3.9 mg per 130 mg tablet.
- Example 19 A 10 wt% solids aqueous dispersion comprising 30 parts of PVA, 5 parts of maltitol, 10 parts of lactitol, 25 parts of lactose, 27 parts of titanium oxide and 3 parts of iron sesquioxide was prepared. 200 g of Amlodine (R) OD Tablets (Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd.) 200 g containing amlodipine besylate as a drug is put into a film coating machine (DRC-200, Paulek), sprayed with a coating solution and applied to an 85 mg tablet 86.3 mg of orally disintegrating coated tablet having a coating layer of 1.3 mg.
- R Amlodine
- DRC-200 film coating machine
- Comparative Example 9 A solid preparation was produced by the method described in JP-A-54-28812 (Patent Document 2). Weigh 47.2 parts of lactose (Pharmacatose 200M, DMV), 35.4 parts of crystalline cellulose (Theolas PH-101, Asahi Kasei Chemicals), 35.4 parts of corn starch (W, Nippon Food & Chemicals), and stir granulator (NMG-3L, Nara Machinery). Granulation was carried out by adding granulated water in which 1.2 parts of methylcellulose (SH-15, Shin-Etsu Chemical) was dissolved. The resulting granulated product, Comil (197S, Paulek) was used for processing to obtain granulated granules.
- lactose Pharmacatose 200M, DMV
- 35.4 parts of crystalline cellulose Theolas PH-101, Asahi Kasei Chemicals
- W Nippon Food & Chemicals
- stir granulator N
- magnesium stearate (Taihei Chemical Industry) was added to 119.2 parts of the sized granules and mixed for 5 minutes.
- the obtained granules were made into 120 mg tablets (inner core) using a tableting machine (correct 19, Kikusui Seisakusho).
- Mannitol (Pearlitol 300DC) was sieved with 96.745 parts by weight of mesh and 1 mm mesh, and charged into a fluidized bed granulator. Next, a spray solution in which 0.005 part of nalflaphine hydrochloride and 0.1 part of sodium thiosulfate hydrate was dissolved in distilled water was sprayed on the granules to produce granulated granules. Next, 25.9675 parts of mannitol (Pearlitol 50C) was weighed and sieved with 1 mm mesh, and charged with 6.5 parts of crospovidone into a stirring granulator (NMG-3L).
- NMG-3L stirring granulator
- the mixture was granulated while adding distilled water in which 0.0325 parts of iron sesquioxide were dispersed to produce a granulated product.
- the granulated granules produced by the fluidized bed granulator and the granulated granules produced by the stirring granulator were each processed using a comil to obtain granulated granules.
- 0.65 parts of magnesium stearate (Ohira Chemical) was added to 129.35 parts of the sized granules and mixed for 5 minutes.
- the obtained granules were made into 130 mg WR tablets using a tableting machine (Correct19, Kikusui Seisakusho).
- Example 20 30 parts of PVA, 40 parts of lactose, 27 parts of titanium oxide and 3 parts of iron sesquioxide were dispersed in distilled water to prepare a coating solution having a solid content of 10% by weight. 200 g of the orally disintegrating tablet produced according to Reference Example 2 was put into a film coating machine, sprayed with a coating solution, and 133.9 mg of orally disintegrating coated tablet having a coating layer of 3.9 mg with respect to 130 mg of tablet did.
- Example 21 A coating solution was prepared in the same manner as in Example 20, and the coating solution was sprayed onto 0.1 mg of Harnal (R) D tablet (Astellas Pharma Inc.) containing tamsulosin hydrochloride as a drug. A 122.9 mg orally disintegrating coated tablet with a 7 mg coating layer.
- Example 22 A coating solution was prepared in the same manner as in Example 20, and the coating solution was sprayed on 10 mg (sand) of Gamopher® D tablets containing famotidine as a drug, and 3.6 mg of coating layer was applied to 128.0 mg of tablets. 131.6 mg of orally disintegrating coated tablet with
- Example 23 A coating solution was prepared in the same manner as in Example 20, and the coating solution was sprayed onto 5 mg of Ebastel (R) OD Tablets (Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd.) containing ebastine as a drug, and 2.9 mg for 101.0 mg tablets. 103.9 mg of orally disintegrating coated tablet having a coating layer of
- Example 24 A coating solution was prepared in the same manner as in Example 20, and the coating solution was sprayed onto Takepron® OD Tablets 15 (Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) containing lansoprazole as a drug, and 13.0 mg of 283.6 mg tablets were sprayed. It was set as the 296.6 mg orally disintegrating coated tablet which has a coating layer.
- Example 25 A coating solution was prepared in the same manner as in Example 20, and the coating solution was sprayed onto 0.2 mg “Towa” (Towa) containing voglibose as a drug, and 1.8 mg for a 135.6 mg tablet.
- Example 26 A coating solution was prepared in the same manner as in Example 20, and the coating solution was sprayed onto 0.25 mg (Baehringer Ingelheim) of Lendormin® D Tablets containing brotizolam as a drug. A 172.3 mg orally disintegrating coated tablet with a 9 mg coating layer.
- Example 27 Measurement of Oral Disintegration Time With respect to the orally disintegrating coated tablets obtained in Examples 1 to 26 and Comparative Examples 1 to 6, Comparative Example 8 and Comparative Example 9, three persons consisting of healthy adult men and women were measured. Oral disintegration time was measured by a person. The time obtained by subtracting the oral disintegration time of the core tablet from the oral disintegration time of the orally disintegrating coated tablet was calculated as the oral disintegration time of the coating layer (Table 2). 2. Cracks in coating layer under high humidity The orally disintegrating coated tablets obtained in Examples 1 to 26 and Comparative Examples 1 to 6, Comparative Example 8 and Comparative Example 9 were stored at 40 ° C. and 75% RH for 1 day.
- Example 7 Light stability test
- Example 7 Reference Example 1
- Example 7 orally disintegrating coated tablet of Example 7 were spread so as not to overlap the petri dish, and white fluorescent lamp 2000 Lux, cumulative 600,000 Lux ⁇ hr irradiation Then, the stability was evaluated by measuring the drug residual rate (%) by the HPLC method under the following conditions (Table 3).
- Example 7 Inertsil ODS-3 (inner diameter 3.0 mm ⁇ length 150 mm, particle size 5 ⁇ m) Guard column: cartridge column E (inner diameter 3.0 mm ⁇ length 10 mm, particle size 5 ⁇ m) Mobile phase: 25 mmol phosphate buffer (pH 4.5) / acetonitrile mixture (77.5: 22.5) (v / v) Flow rate: 0.5mL / min Detection wavelength: 280 nm 4). Tablet Hardness Measurement The inner core (Reference Example 1) used in Example 7 and the orally disintegrating coated tablet of Example 7 were measured using a hardness meter (TABLETTER 6D, Schleuniger) (Table 4). 5).
- a water-soluble substance that dissolves 1 g or more in less than 10 mL of water at 20 ° C. has a hydroxy group in the molecule, and has a molecular weight of 200 or less per unit hydroxy group
- the present invention can be applied to various drugs.
- the hardness of the tablet is improved and the friability is also remarkably improved.
- Medication compliance can be improved and therapeutic effects can be improved.
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Abstract
Description
〔1〕20℃において10mL未満の水に1g以上溶け、かつ分子内にヒドロキシ基を有し単位ヒドロキシ基当たりの分子量が200以下の水溶性物質と、被覆層重量に対して5重量%以上のポリビニルアルコール系樹脂とを含有する被覆層により被覆された、薬物を含有する安定な口腔内崩壊性被覆錠剤。
〔2〕前記水溶性物質が、糖、糖アルコールおよび多価アルコールの少なくとも1種である、〔1〕記載の安定な口腔内崩壊性被覆錠剤。
〔3〕前記水溶性物質が、マルトース、マルチトール、ソルビトール、キシリトール、グリセリン、フルクトース、ブドウ糖、ラクチトール、イソマルトース、乳糖、エリスリトール、マンニトール、トレハロース、ショ糖および平均分子量が400以下のポリエチレングリコールの少なくとも1種である、〔1〕記載の安定な口腔内崩壊性被覆錠剤。
〔4〕被覆層中のポリビニルアルコール系樹脂の配合量が、被覆層重量に対して、10~60重量%である、〔1〕記載の安定な口腔内崩壊性被覆錠剤。
〔5〕被覆層中のポリビニルアルコール系樹脂と、前記水溶性物質の重量比が1:0.1~1:9であることを特徴とする、〔1〕記載の安定な口腔内崩壊性被覆錠剤。
〔6〕被覆層が口腔内で18秒未満に崩壊し、かつ口腔内崩壊性被覆錠剤が口腔内で60秒未満に崩壊することを特徴とする、〔1〕記載の安定な口腔内崩壊性被覆錠剤。
〔7〕被覆層に遮光剤を含有することを特徴とする、〔1〕記載の安定な口腔内崩壊性被覆錠剤。
〔8〕遮光剤が、酸化チタン、三二酸化鉄、黄色三二酸化鉄、黒酸化鉄、タルクおよびカオリンの少なくとも1種である、〔7〕記載の安定な口腔内崩壊性被覆錠剤
〔9〕被覆層中の遮光剤の配合量が、被覆層重量に対して、0.1~40重量%であることを特徴とする、〔7〕記載の安定な口腔内崩壊性被覆錠剤。
〔10〕薬物が、ナルフラフィン、アムロジピン、ドネペジル、エバスチン、セレギリン、ファモチジン、イルソグラジン、ブロチゾラム、オランザピン、ランソプラゾール、ベポタスチン、ラモセトロン、タムスロシン、ナフトピジル、ポラプレジンク、ボグリボース、リザトリプタン、ミドドリン、リスペリドン、オンダンセトロン、ロラタジン、モンテルカスト、アズレンスルホン酸、エチゾラム、エナラプリル、カプトプリル、グリベンクラミド、クロルマジノン酢酸エステル、ドキサゾシン、トリアゾラム、ドンペリドン、ケトチフェン、ブロムペリドール、プラバスタチン、シンバスタチン、ロペラミド、リシノプリル、リルマザホン、沈降炭酸カルシウム、酸化マグネシウム、メコバラミン、アルファカルシドール、ブロモクリプチンおよびプラミペキソールならびにその薬理学的に許容される塩および溶媒和物の少なくとも1種である、〔1〕記載の安定な口腔内崩壊性被覆錠剤。
本発明に用いられるポリビニルアルコール系樹脂とは、ポリビニルアルコール(PVA)およびその誘導体もしくは共重合体を指し、一般に市販されているものを用いればよい。ポリビニルアルコールの具体的な商品として例えば、日本合成化学製のゴーセノール(R)EG05、EG25、EG30、EG40、メルク製のポリビニルアルコール4-88、5-88、8-88、26-88、40-88、クラレ製のPVA-102、103、105、110、117、120、124、HC、203、205、210、217、220、224、235、L-8,L-9、L-9-78、L-10、PVA-505などが挙げられる。ポリビニルアルコールの共重合体の具体的な商品として例えば、BASF製のポリビニルアルコール・ポリエチレングリコール・グラフトコポリマー、Kollicoat(R) IRなどが挙げられる。ポリビニルアルコールの誘導体の具体的な商品として例えば、ポリビニルアルコールコポリマーの大同化成工業製のPOVACOAT(R) Type F、Type R、Type Lなどが挙げられる。また、ポリビニルアルコールの側鎖にグリセリンなどの多価アルコール基を導入し、ポリビニルアルコールの分子内相互作用を低下させ、当該ポリマーを用いて形成したフィルムの溶解性または伸度などの特性を向上させたものも用いることができる。なお、これらの具体例のうち1種または2種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。
マンニトール(ペアリトール300DC、ロケットジャパン)を96.745重量部(以下「部」と略記する。以下も特に断らない場合には同様とする。)秤り目開き1mmのMeshで篩過し、流動層造粒機(FLO-5、フロイント産業)に投入した。次にこの顆粒に対しナルフラフィン塩酸塩を0.005部、チオ硫酸ナトリウム水和物0.1部を蒸留水に溶解したスプレー液を噴霧し、造粒顆粒を製造した。次にマンニトール(ペアリトール50C、ロケットジャパン)を25.87部秤りとり目開き1mmのMeshで篩過し、クロスポビドン(Kollidon CL、BASF)6.5部と共に攪拌造粒機(NMG-3L、奈良機械)に投入した。次に三二酸化鉄(癸巳化成)を0.13部分散させた蒸留水を加えながら造粒し、造粒物を製造した。流動層造粒機にて製造した造粒顆粒および攪拌造粒機にて製造した造粒顆粒を、それぞれコーミルを使用して処理し整粒顆粒を得た。整粒顆粒129.35部に対してステアリン酸マグネシウム(大平化学産業)、0.65部添加して5分間混合した。得られた顆粒を、打錠機(Correct19、菊水製作所)を用いて130mgのWR錠剤とした。
PVA(ポリビニルアルコール4-88、メルク)10部、マルチトール(MALTISORBP200、ロケットジャパン)90部を蒸留水に溶解し、固形分10重量%の被覆液を調製した。参考例1により製造した口腔内崩壊性錠剤200gをフィルムコーティング機(DRC-200、パウレック)に投入し、被覆液を噴霧し130mgの錠剤に対して1.95mgの被覆層を有する131.95mgの口腔内崩壊性被覆錠剤とした。
実施例1の被覆液が、ポリビニルアルコール系樹脂であるPOVACOAT(TYPEF、大同化成工業)60部、グリセリン(日本局方濃グリセリン、旭電化工業)5部、乳糖(Pharmtose200M、DMV)35部からなる固形分10重量%水溶液であること以外は同様の操作で被覆を行い、130mgの錠剤に対して3.9mgの被覆層を有する133.9mgの口腔内崩壊性被覆錠剤とした。
実施例1の被覆液が、PVA60部、グリセリン6部、クロスポビドン(Kollidon CLSF、BASF)34部からなる固形分10重量%水分散液であること以外は同様の操作で被覆を行い、130mgの錠剤に対して3.9mgの被覆層を有する133.9mgの口腔内崩壊性被覆錠剤とした。
実施例1の被覆液が、PVA60部、PEG6000(日本油脂)40部からなる固形分10重量%水溶液であること以外は同様の操作で被覆を行い、130mgの錠剤に対して3.9mgの被覆層を有する133.9mgの被覆錠剤とした。
実施例1の被覆液が、PVA60部、ラウリル硫酸ナトリウム(日光ケミカル)40部からなる固形分10重量%水溶液であること以外は同様の操作で被覆を行い、130mgの錠剤に対して3.9mgの被覆層を有する133.9mgの被覆錠剤とした。
実施例1の被覆液が、PVA60部、低置換度ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース(L-HPC)(LH-31、 信越化学)40部からなる固形分10重量%水分散液であること以外は同様の操作で被覆を行い、130mgの錠剤に対して3.9mgの被覆層を有する133.9mgの被覆錠剤とした。
実施例1の被覆液が、PVA60部、結晶セルロース(セオラスPH-101、旭化成ケミカルズ)40部からなる固形分10重量%水分散液であること以外は同様の操作で被覆を行い、130mgの錠剤に対して3.9mgの被覆層を有する133.9mgの被覆錠剤とした。
実施例1の被覆液が、PVA60部、タルク(クラウンタルク局方PP、松村産業)40部からなる固形分10重量%水分散液であること以外は同様の操作で被覆を行い、130mgの錠剤に対して3.9mgの被覆層を有する133.9mgの被覆錠剤とした。
実施例1の被覆液が、PVA60部、クロスポビドン40部からなる固形分10重量%水分散液であること以外は同様の操作で被覆を行い、130mgの錠剤に対して3.9mgの被覆層を有する133.9mgの被覆錠剤とした。
実施例1の被覆液が、PVA3部、マルチトール97部からなる固形分10重量%水溶液であること以外は同様の操作で被覆を行った。
実施例1の被覆液が、PVA60部、グリセリン2.5部、低置換度ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース(L-HPC)(LH-31、信越化学)37.5部からなる固形分10重量%水分散液であること以外は同様の操作で被覆を行い、130mgの錠剤に対して3.9mgの被覆層を有する133.9mgの口腔内崩壊性被覆錠剤とした。
実施例1の被覆液が、PVA70部、マルチトール30部からなる固形分10重量%水溶液であること以外は同様の操作で被覆を行い、130mgの錠剤に対して3.9mgの被覆層を有する133.9mgの口腔内崩壊性被覆錠剤とした。
実施例1の被覆液が、PVA20部、マルチトール50部、酸化チタン(HA-R、フロイント産業)27部、三二酸化鉄3部からなる固形分10重量%水分散液であること以外は同様の操作で被覆を行い、130mgの錠剤に対して2.6mgの被覆層を有する132.6mgの口腔内崩壊性被覆錠剤とした。
実施例1の被覆液が、PVA30部、マルチトール40部、酸化チタン27部、三二酸化鉄3部からなる固形分10重量%水分散液であること以外は同様の操作で被覆を行い、130mgの錠剤に対して3.9mgの被覆層を有する133.9mgの口腔内崩壊性被覆錠剤とした。
実施例1の被覆液が、PVA40部、マルチトール30部、酸化チタン27部、三二酸化鉄3部からなる固形分10重量%水分散液であること以外は同様の操作で被覆を行い、130mgの錠剤に対して3.9mgの被覆層を有する133.9mgの口腔内崩壊性被覆錠剤とした。
実施例1の被覆液が、PVA30部、マルチトール38部、酸化チタン27部、三二酸化鉄3部、シリコーン(SH200C FLUID100CS 、東レダウコーニング)2部からなる固形分10重量%水分散液であること以外は同様の操作で被覆を行い、130mgの錠剤に対して3.9mgの被覆層を有する133.9mgの口腔内崩壊性被覆錠剤とした。
実施例1の被覆液が、PVA30部、マルチトール20部、ラクチトール(ラクチトールMC、ダニスコジャパン)20部、酸化チタン27部、三二酸化鉄3部からなる固形分10重量%水分散液であること以外は同様の操作で被覆を行い、130mgの錠剤に対して3.9mgの被覆層を有する133.9mgの口腔内崩壊性被覆錠剤とした。
実施例1の被覆液が、PVA30部、ラクチトール40部、酸化チタン27部、三二酸化鉄3部からなる固形分10重量%水分散液であること以外は同様の操作で被覆を行い、130mgの錠剤に対して3.9mgの被覆層を有する133.9mgの口腔内崩壊性被覆錠剤とした。
実施例1の被覆液が、PVA20部、ラクチトール45部、酸化チタン27部、三二酸化鉄3部、ポリシングワックス(103、フロイント産業)5部からなる固形分10重量%水分散液であること以外は同様の操作で被覆を行い、130mgの錠剤に対して3.9mgの被覆層を有する133.9mgの口腔内崩壊性被覆錠剤とした。
実施例1の被覆液が、PVA30部、トレハロース(トレハロースG、旭化成ケミカルズ)40部、酸化チタン27部、三二酸化鉄3部からなる固形分10重量%水分散液であること以外は同様の操作で被覆を行い、130mgの錠剤に対して3.9mgの被覆層を有する133.9mgの口腔内崩壊性被覆錠剤とした。
実施例1の被覆液が、PVA30部、マンニトール(ペアリトール50C、ロケットジャパン)40部、酸化チタン27部、三二酸化鉄3部からなる固形分10重量%水分散液であること以外は同様の操作で被覆を行い、130mgの錠剤に対して3.9mgの被覆層を有する133.9mgの口腔内崩壊性被覆錠剤とした。
実施例1の被覆液が、PVA30部、マルトース(精製マルトース、林原)40部、酸化チタン27部、三二酸化鉄3部からなる固形分10重量%水分散液であること以外は同様の操作で被覆を行い、130mgの錠剤に対して3.9mgの被覆層を有する133.9mgの口腔内崩壊性被覆錠剤とした。
実施例1の被覆液が、PVA30部、エリスリトール(日研化成)40部、酸化チタン27部、三二酸化鉄3部からなる固形分10重量%水分散液であること以外は同様の操作で被覆を行い、130mgの錠剤に対して3.9mgの被覆層を有する133.9mgの口腔内崩壊性被覆錠剤とした。
実施例1の被覆液が、PVA30部、乳糖35部、グリセリン5部、酸化チタン27部、三二酸化鉄3部からなる固形分10重量%水分散液であること以外は同様の操作で被覆を行い、130mgの錠剤に対して3.9mgの被覆層を有する133.9mgの口腔内崩壊性被覆錠剤とした。
実施例1の被覆液が、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース(HPMC)(TC-5R、信越化学)30部、乳糖35部、グリセリン5部、酸化チタン27部、三二酸化鉄3部からなる固形分10重量%水分散液であること以外は同様の操作で被覆を行い、130mgの錠剤に対して3.9mgの被覆層を有する133.9mgの口腔内崩壊性被覆錠剤とした。
実施例1の被覆液が、PVA30部、マルチトール5部、ラクチトール10部、乳糖25部、酸化チタン27部、三二酸化鉄3部からなる固形分10重量%水分散液であること以外は同様の操作で被覆を行い、130mgの錠剤に対して3.9mgの被覆層を有する133.9mgの口腔内崩壊性被覆錠剤とした。
PVA30部、マルチトール5部、ラクチトール10部、乳糖25部、酸化チタン27部、三二酸化鉄3部からなる固形分10重量%水分散液を調製した。薬物としてアムロジピンベシル酸塩を含有するアムロジン(R)OD錠2.5mg(大日本住友製薬)200gをフィルムコーティング機(DRC-200、パウレック)に投入し、被覆液を噴霧し85mgの錠剤に対して1.3mgの被覆層を有する86.3mgの口腔内崩壊性被覆錠剤とした。
特開昭54-28812号公報(特許文献2)記載の手法により固形製剤を製造した。乳糖(Pharmatose 200M、DMV)を47.2部、結晶セルロース(セオラス PH-101、旭化成ケミカルズ)を35.4部、コーンスターチ(W、日本食品化工)35.4部秤りとり、攪拌造粒機(NMG-3L、奈良機械)に投入した。メチルセルロース(SH-15、信越化学)1.2部を溶解させた蒸留水を加えながら造粒し、造粒物を製造した。得られた造粒物、コーミル(197S、パウレック)を使用して処理し整粒顆粒を得た。整粒顆粒119.2部に対してステアリン酸マグネシウム(太平化学産業)0.8部を添加し5分間混合した。得られた顆粒を打錠機(correct19、菊水製作所)を用いて120mgの錠剤とした(内核)。
次に本錠剤200gをフィルムコーティング機(DRC-200、パウレック)に投入し、PVA45.2部、流動パラフィン(国産化学)5.65部、マンニトール45.2部、Span80(和光純薬工業)1.69部、Tween80(関東化学)2.26部を分散した液を噴霧し、120mgの錠剤に対して3mgの被覆層を有する123mgの被覆錠とした。
マンニトール(ペアリトール300DC)を96.745重量部秤り目開き1mmのMeshで篩過し、流動層造粒機に投入した。次にこの顆粒に対しナルフラフィン塩酸塩を0.005部、チオ硫酸ナトリウム水和物0.1部を蒸留水に溶解したスプレー液を噴霧し、造粒顆粒を製造した。次にマンニトール(ペアリトール50C)を25.9675部秤りとり目開き1mmのMeshで篩過し、クロスポビドン6.5部と共に攪拌造粒機(NMG-3L)に投入した。次に三二酸化鉄を0.0325部分散させた蒸留水を加えながら造粒し、造粒物を製造した。流動層造粒機にて製造した造粒顆粒および攪拌造粒機にて製造した造粒顆粒を、それぞれコーミルを使用して処理し整粒顆粒を得た。整粒顆粒129.35部に対してステアリン酸マグネシウム(大平化学産業)、0.65部添加して5分間混合した。得られた顆粒を、打錠機(Correct19、菊水製作所)を用いて130mgのWR錠剤とした。
PVA30部、乳糖40部、酸化チタン27部、三二酸化鉄3部を蒸留水に分散し、固形分10重量%の被覆液を調製した。参考例2により製造した口腔内崩壊性錠剤200gをフィルムコーティング機に投入し、被覆液を噴霧し130mgの錠剤に対して3.9mgの被覆層を有する133.9mgの口腔内崩壊性被覆錠剤とした。
実施例20と同様に被覆液を調製し、薬物としてタムスロシン塩酸塩を含有するハルナール(R)D錠0.1mg(アステラス製薬)に、被覆液を噴霧し、119.2mgの錠剤に対して3.7mgの被覆層を有する122.9mgの口腔内崩壊性被覆錠剤とした。
実施例20と同様に被覆液を調製し、薬物としてファモチジンを含有するガモファー(R)D錠10mg(サンド)に、被覆液を噴霧し、128.0mgの錠剤に対して3.6mgの被覆層を有する131.6mgの口腔内崩壊性被覆錠剤とした。
実施例20と同様に被覆液を調製し、薬物としてエバスチンを含有するエバステル(R)OD錠 5mg(大日本住友製薬)に、被覆液を噴霧し、101.0mgの錠剤に対して2.9mgの被覆層を有する103.9mgの口腔内崩壊性被覆錠剤とした。
実施例20と同様に被覆液を調製し、薬物としてランソプラゾールを含有するタケプロン(R)OD錠15(武田薬品工業)に、被覆液を噴霧し、283.6mgの錠剤に対して13.0mgの被覆層を有する296.6mgの口腔内崩壊性被覆錠剤とした。
実施例20と同様に被覆液を調製し、薬物としてボグリボースを含有するボグリボースOD錠0.2mg「トーワ」(東和薬品)に、被覆液を噴霧し、135.6mgの錠剤に対して1.8mgの被覆層を有する137.4mgの口腔内崩壊性被覆錠剤とした。
実施例20と同様に被覆液を調製し、薬物としてブロチゾラムを含有するレンドルミン(R)D錠0.25mg(ベイリンガーインゲルハイム)に、被覆液を噴霧し、167.4mgの錠剤に対して4.9mgの被覆層を有する172.3mgの口腔内崩壊性被覆錠剤とした。
1.口腔内崩壊時間の測定
実施例1~26および比較例1~6、比較例8、比較例9のそれぞれで得られる口腔内崩壊性被覆錠剤について、健康な成人男性および女性からなる3名の測定者により口腔内崩壊時間を測定した。口腔内崩壊性被覆錠剤の口腔内崩壊時間から、内核錠の口腔内崩壊時間を差し引いた時間を被覆層の口腔内崩壊時間として算出した(表2)。
2.高湿度下の被覆層の亀裂
実施例1~26および比較例1~6、比較例8、比較例9のそれぞれで得られる口腔内崩壊性被覆錠剤について、40℃、75%RHに1日間保存後、錠剤を目視で観察し被覆層の亀裂の有無を評価した(表2)。
3.光安定性試験
実施例7で用いた内核(参考例1)と、実施例7の口腔内崩壊性被覆錠剤をシャーレ上に重ならないように広げ、白色蛍光灯2000Lux、累積60万Lux・hr照射した後、下記の条件のHPLC法により薬物残存率(%)を測定することで安定性を評価した(表3)。
カラム:Inertsil ODS-3(内径3.0mm×長さ150mm、粒径5μm)
ガードカラム:カートリッジカラムE(内径3.0mm×長さ10mm、粒径5μm)
移動相:25mmolリン酸緩衝液(pH4.5)/アセトニトリル混液(77.5:22.5)(v/v)
流量:0.5mL/min
検出波長:280nm
4.錠剤硬度測定
実施例7で用いた内核(参考例1)と、実施例7の口腔内崩壊性被覆錠剤を硬度計(TABLET TESTER6D、Schleuniger)を用いて測定した(表4)。
5.摩損度測定
アムロジン(R)OD錠2.5mgと実施例19で得られたアムロジン(R)OD錠2.5mg被覆錠剤の製造直後および40℃、75%RH条件下で2時間保存した後の摩損度を第15改正日本薬局方通則第F-131頁記載の摩損度試験法に従い測定した(表5)。
Claims (10)
- 20℃において10mL未満の水に1g以上溶け、かつ分子内にヒドロキシ基を有し単位ヒドロキシ基当たりの分子量が200以下の水溶性物質と、被覆層重量に対して5重量%以上のポリビニルアルコール系樹脂とを含有する被覆層により被覆された、薬物を含有する安定な口腔内崩壊性被覆錠剤。
- 前記水溶性物質が、糖、糖アルコールおよび多価アルコールの少なくとも1種である、請求項1記載の安定な口腔内崩壊性被覆錠剤。
- 前記水溶性物質が、マルトース、マルチトール、ソルビトール、キシリトール、グリセリン、フルクトース、ブドウ糖、ラクチトール、イソマルトース、乳糖、エリスリトール、マンニトール、トレハロース、ショ糖および平均分子量が400以下のポリエチレングリコールの少なくとも1種である、請求項1記載の安定な口腔内崩壊性被覆錠剤。
- 被覆層中のポリビニルアルコール系樹脂の配合量が、被覆層重量に対して、10~60重量%である、請求項1記載の安定な口腔内崩壊性被覆錠剤。
- 被覆層中のポリビニルアルコール系樹脂と、前記水溶性物質の重量比が1:0.1~1:9であることを特徴とする、請求項1記載の安定な口腔内崩壊性被覆錠剤。
- 被覆層が口腔内で18秒未満に崩壊し、かつ口腔内崩壊性被覆錠剤が口腔内で60秒未満に崩壊することを特徴とする、請求項1記載の安定な口腔内崩壊性被覆錠剤。
- 被覆層に遮光剤を含有することを特徴とする、請求項1記載の安定な口腔内崩壊性被覆錠剤。
- 遮光剤が、酸化チタン、三二酸化鉄、黄色三二酸化鉄、黒酸化鉄、タルクおよびカオリンの少なくとも1種である、請求項7記載の安定な口腔内崩壊性被覆錠剤
- 被覆層中の遮光剤の配合量が、被覆層重量に対して、0.1~40重量%であることを特徴とする、請求項7記載の安定な口腔内崩壊性被覆錠剤。
- 薬物が、ナルフラフィン、アムロジピン、ドネペジル、エバスチン、セレギリン、ファモチジン、イルソグラジン、ブロチゾラム、オランザピン、ランソプラゾール、ベポタスチン、ラモセトロン、タムスロシン、ナフトピジル、ポラプレジンク、ボグリボース、リザトリプタン、ミドドリン、リスペリドン、オンダンセトロン、ロラタジン、モンテルカスト、アズレンスルホン酸、エチゾラム、エナラプリル、カプトプリル、グリベンクラミド、クロルマジノン酢酸エステル、ドキサゾシン、トリアゾラム、ドンペリドン、ケトチフェン、ブロムペリドール、プラバスタチン、シンバスタチン、ロペラミド、リシノプリル、リルマザホン、沈降炭酸カルシウム、酸化マグネシウム、メコバラミン、アルファカルシドール、ブロモクリプチンおよびプラミペキソールならびにその薬理学的に許容される塩および溶媒和物の少なくとも1種である、請求項1記載の安定な口腔内崩壊性被覆錠剤。
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US13/257,820 US8715730B2 (en) | 2009-03-30 | 2010-03-29 | Therapeutic or prophylactic agent for dyskinesia |
AU2010231701A AU2010231701B2 (en) | 2009-03-30 | 2010-03-29 | Orally disintegrating coated tablet |
ES10758612.5T ES2572761T3 (es) | 2009-03-30 | 2010-03-29 | Comprimido recubierto que se disgrega por vía oral |
CA2756877A CA2756877C (en) | 2009-03-30 | 2010-03-29 | Orally disintegrating coated tablet |
MX2011010324A MX2011010324A (es) | 2009-03-30 | 2010-03-29 | Tableta recubierta que se desintegra oralmente. |
JP2010515310A JP5549586B2 (ja) | 2009-03-30 | 2010-03-29 | 口腔内崩壊性被覆錠剤 |
KR1020117025096A KR101682965B1 (ko) | 2009-03-30 | 2010-03-29 | 구강내 붕괴성 피복 정제 |
EP10758612.5A EP2415466B1 (en) | 2009-03-30 | 2010-03-29 | Orally disintegrating coated tablet |
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US11071734B2 (en) | 2017-03-31 | 2021-07-27 | Toray Industries, Inc. | Tableted medicinal composition comprising nalfurafine |
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JP7153197B2 (ja) | 2017-03-31 | 2022-10-14 | 東レ株式会社 | ナルフラフィンを含有する錠剤化された医薬組成物 |
JP2021529839A (ja) * | 2018-07-16 | 2021-11-04 | ヨンスン ファイン ケミカル カンパニー,リミテッド | ナルフラフィン含有口腔内崩壊錠 |
JP7034525B2 (ja) | 2018-07-16 | 2022-03-14 | ヨンスン ファイン ケミカル カンパニー,リミテッド | ナルフラフィン含有口腔内崩壊錠 |
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JP7219979B2 (ja) | 2020-02-26 | 2023-02-09 | 日新製薬株式会社 | 被覆層を有する口腔内崩壊錠 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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HUE028195T2 (en) | 2016-12-28 |
US20120058186A1 (en) | 2012-03-08 |
AU2010231701A1 (en) | 2011-11-17 |
EP2415466B1 (en) | 2016-05-11 |
JP5696742B2 (ja) | 2015-04-08 |
CN102448445B (zh) | 2014-03-05 |
PL2415466T3 (pl) | 2016-10-31 |
EP2415466A1 (en) | 2012-02-08 |
AU2010231701B2 (en) | 2015-04-09 |
JP2013177438A (ja) | 2013-09-09 |
MX2011010324A (es) | 2011-12-16 |
ES2572761T3 (es) | 2016-06-02 |
CN102448445A (zh) | 2012-05-09 |
KR20110135870A (ko) | 2011-12-19 |
JPWO2010113841A1 (ja) | 2012-10-11 |
EP2415466A4 (en) | 2012-08-29 |
CA2756877A1 (en) | 2010-10-07 |
BRPI1014085B1 (pt) | 2020-03-10 |
PT2415466T (pt) | 2016-07-14 |
TW201038298A (en) | 2010-11-01 |
US8715730B2 (en) | 2014-05-06 |
JP5549586B2 (ja) | 2014-07-16 |
KR101682965B1 (ko) | 2016-12-06 |
TWI455733B (zh) | 2014-10-11 |
BRPI1014085A2 (pt) | 2016-04-19 |
CA2756877C (en) | 2016-08-16 |
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