WO2010087117A1 - ジクロロピラジン誘導体の製造方法 - Google Patents
ジクロロピラジン誘導体の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010087117A1 WO2010087117A1 PCT/JP2010/000177 JP2010000177W WO2010087117A1 WO 2010087117 A1 WO2010087117 A1 WO 2010087117A1 JP 2010000177 W JP2010000177 W JP 2010000177W WO 2010087117 A1 WO2010087117 A1 WO 2010087117A1
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- 0 C*C(C)(*1CC1)OC(*C=C*1)=C1N Chemical compound C*C(C)(*1CC1)OC(*C=C*1)=C1N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D241/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,4-diazine or hydrogenated 1,4-diazine rings
- C07D241/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,4-diazine or hydrogenated 1,4-diazine rings not condensed with other rings
- C07D241/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,4-diazine or hydrogenated 1,4-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D241/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,4-diazine or hydrogenated 1,4-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D241/18—Oxygen or sulfur atoms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/48—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/60—1,4-Diazines; Hydrogenated 1,4-diazines
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D241/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,4-diazine or hydrogenated 1,4-diazine rings
- C07D241/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,4-diazine or hydrogenated 1,4-diazine rings not condensed with other rings
- C07D241/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,4-diazine or hydrogenated 1,4-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D241/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,4-diazine or hydrogenated 1,4-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D241/16—Halogen atoms; Nitro radicals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D241/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,4-diazine or hydrogenated 1,4-diazine rings
- C07D241/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,4-diazine or hydrogenated 1,4-diazine rings not condensed with other rings
- C07D241/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,4-diazine or hydrogenated 1,4-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D241/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,4-diazine or hydrogenated 1,4-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D241/24—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a dichloropyrazine derivative useful as an intermediate for agricultural medicine and a method for producing a hydroxypyrazine derivative which is an intermediate for the production.
- a compound represented by the formula (IV) is known as a compound that exhibits an effect on various viruses, particularly influenza viruses.
- R 3 represents a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom
- R 4 represents an optionally protected hydroxyl group
- R 5 represents a hydrogen atom, an acyl group, or a carbamoylalkyl group.
- the 6-position fluorine-substituted pyrazinecarboxamide derivative represented by the formula (V) (in parentheses indicates a tautomer) has strong anti-influenza activity and is excellent as an antiviral agent (see Patent Document 1). ).
- Patent Document 1 Several manufacturing methods are described in Patent Document 1. Among them, the production method represented by the following reaction process is relatively excellent in yield.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a method for efficiently producing a dichloropyrazine derivative represented by a compound represented by the formula (VIII) at low cost without undergoing a nitration reaction.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for efficiently and inexpensively producing a hydroxypyrazine derivative, which is an intermediate for producing the dichloropyrazine derivative.
- R 1 represents a halogen atom
- R 2 represents a nitrile group, an N unsubstituted or N substituted carbamoyl group, an ester group, or a carboxyl group.
- R 21 represents a nitrile group, an N unsubstituted or N substituted carbamoyl group, an ester group, a carboxyl group, or a group in which the functional group of R 2 is changed in the chlorination step.
- the hydroxypyrazine derivative represented by the formula (I) is a compound obtained by reacting the pyrazine derivative represented by the formula (III) with a halogenating agent, according to the above ⁇ 1>.
- a method for producing a dichloropyrazine derivative is a method for producing a dichloropyrazine derivative.
- a dichloropyrazine derivative useful as an intermediate of agricultural medicine such as an antiviral agent and a hydroxypyrazine derivative which is a production intermediate of the dichloropyrazine derivative can be easily obtained at a low yield. Can do.
- the method for producing a dichloropyrazine derivative of the present invention includes reacting a hydroxypyrazine derivative represented by the formula (I) with a chlorinating agent.
- R 1 is a halogen atom.
- the halogen atom include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, and an iodine atom. Of these, a bromine atom or a chlorine atom is preferred.
- R 2 is a nitrile group (a group represented by —CN), an N unsubstituted or N substituted carbamoyl group, an ester group, or a carboxyl group. Of these, N unsubstituted or N substituted carbamoyl groups are preferred.
- the N unsubstituted carbamoyl group is a group represented by —CONH 2 . Only one or two N substituents may be included in the N-substituted carbamoyl group. That is, the N-substituted carbamoyl group is a group represented by —CONHR 31 or —CONR 31 R 311 .
- the N substituents R 31 and R 311 in the group represented by —CONR 31 R 311 may be the same or different.
- the N substituent R 31 or R 311 is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a t-butyl group, a pentyl group, and a hexyl group.
- Alkyl groups such as; halogenoalkyl groups such as chloromethyl group, fluoromethyl group, difluoromethyl group, chloroethyl group; benzyl group, 4-methoxybenzyl group, 2,4-dimethoxybenzyl group, diphenylmethyl group, trityl group, phenethyl
- An aralkyl group such as a methoxymethyl group; an aralkyloxyalkyl group such as a benzyloxymethyl group; a substituted siloxyalkyl group such as a t-butyldimethylsiloxymethyl group; a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a propoxy group, an iso Propoxy group, butoxy group, iso
- An alkoxy group such as a toxyl group, a t-butoxy group, a pentyloxy group and a hexyloxy group; an aralkyloxy group such as a benz
- the ester group is a group represented by —COOR 32 .
- the substituent R 32 is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include alkyl groups such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a t-butyl group, a pentyl group, and a hexyl group; Examples thereof include halogenoalkyl groups such as chloromethyl group, fluoromethyl group, difluoromethyl group and chloroethyl group.
- the carboxyl group is one in which R 32 is a hydrogen atom.
- the hydroxypyrazine derivative represented by the formula (I) is not particularly limited by its production method, but is preferably obtained by the production method of the hydroxypyrazine derivative of the present invention described later.
- chlorinating agents chlorine alone (chlorine molecule), N-chlorosuccinimide, phosphorus pentachloride, phosphoryl chloride, phosphorus oxychloride, thionyl chloride, phosgene, diphosgene, triphosgene, hypochlorite, cyanuric chloride, 1, Examples include 3-dialkyl-2-chloroimidazolinium chloride and 2-chloro-1,3-dimethylbenzimidazolium chloride. Of these, dehydrating chlorinating agents such as phosphorus oxychloride, thionyl chloride, phosgene, diphosgene or triphosgene are particularly preferred.
- the amount of the chlorinating agent used is usually 2 to 10 mol, preferably 2 to 5 mol, per 1 mol of the hydroxypyrazine derivative represented by the formula (I).
- the reaction between the hydroxypyrazine derivative represented by the formula (I) and the chlorinating agent is usually carried out without solvent or in a solvent.
- the solvent is not particularly limited as long as it is inert and does not adversely affect the chlorination reaction.
- ester solvents such as ethyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, n-butyl acetate
- ketone solvents such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, cyclohexanone
- n-pentane n-hexane, cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, n-heptane, etc.
- Saturated hydrocarbon solvents of nitriles such as acetonitrile and benzonitrile; ether solvents such as diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran and 1,2-dimethoxyethane; sulfur-containing solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide and sulfolane; N Amide solvents such as N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, and hexamethylphosphoramide; methylene chloride, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, 1,2-dichloroethane, etc.
- hydrocarbon solvent benzene, toluene, and aromatic hydrocarbon solvents such as monochlorobenzene and the like. These solvents can be used alone or in combination of two or more. Of these solvents, nitrile solvents and aromatic hydrocarbon solvents are preferred. When the solvent is used, the amount of the solvent used is usually 0.001 to 100 parts by mass with respect to 1 part by mass of the hydroxypyrazine derivative represented by the formula (I).
- the above reaction is preferably performed in the presence of a base.
- a base examples include alkylamines such as trimethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, diisopropylamine and diisopropylethylamine; arylamines such as aniline and N, N-dimethylaniline; pyridine, 1,8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undec-7 -Heterocyclic amines such as -ene (DBU) and 1,5-diazabicyclo [4.3.0] non-5-ene (DBN); and inorganic bases such as sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate.
- alkylamines such as trimethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, diisopropylamine and diisopropylethylamine
- arylamines such as aniline and N, N-dimethylaniline
- pyridine 1,8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undec-7 -Hetero
- tertiary alkylamines or heterocyclic amines are preferable, and triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine, pyridine and the like are particularly preferable.
- the amount of the base to be used is generally 2 to 10 mol, preferably 2 to 5 mol, per 1 mol of the hydroxypyrazine derivative represented by the formula (I).
- the reaction temperature is usually in the range of 0 ° C. to 200 ° C., preferably 50 ° C. to 150 ° C.
- the reaction time varies depending on the reaction scale, but is usually 5 minutes to several days.
- the purification means is not particularly limited, and known and conventional means such as distillation, recrystallization or column chromatography can be used.
- R 21 is a nitrile group, an N-unsubstituted or N-substituted carbamoyl group, an ester group, a carboxyl group, or a functional group of R 2 changed in the chlorination step.
- R 21 may be changed to a nitrile group by the chlorination step.
- the hydroxypyrazine derivative represented by the formula (I) is preferably produced by the following method. That is, the method for producing a hydroxypyrazine derivative of the present invention includes reacting a pyrazine derivative represented by the formula (III) with a halogenating agent.
- R 2 is a nitrile group, an N unsubstituted or N substituted carbamoyl group, an ester group, or a carboxyl group.
- R 2 in formula (III) can be selected from those corresponding to R 2 in formula (I) representing the target hydroxypyrazine derivative.
- M is a cationic species capable of forming a salt.
- n is a number corresponding to the valence of M, and can usually be represented by an integer. For example, when the valence of M is 1, n is 1, and when the valence of M is 2, n is 2.
- M is a cation species formed from a metal element belonging to Group I of the Periodic Table, a metal element belonging to Group IIa, or a metal element belonging to Group IIIa; formed from a transition metal element such as iron or copper Cationic species; ammonium salt; trimethylamine, triethylamine, tributylamine, pyridine, N, N-dimethylaniline, N-methylpiperidine, N-methylmorpholine, dicyclohexylamine, procaine, dibenzylamine, N-benzyl- ⁇ -phenethylamine, 1 -Cationic species formed from organic bases such as phenamine, N, N'-dibenzylethylenediamine and hydrazine.
- the “cationic species formed from” means a cationic species in which the metal element or the organic base is ionized. Of these, cationic species formed from metal elements belonging to Group I, Group IIa or Group IIIa of the periodic table are preferred.
- the metal elements belonging to Group I are metal elements called lithium metals (lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, and cesium). Of these, sodium or potassium is preferred.
- Metal elements belonging to Group IIa are beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium and radium. Of these, magnesium or calcium is preferred.
- Metal elements belonging to Group IIIa are boron, aluminum, gallium, indium, and thallium, and boron or aluminum is particularly preferable.
- M a cationic species formed from an alkali metal element is more preferable, and a cationic species formed from sodium or potassium is particularly preferable.
- halogenating agents chlorine alone (chlorine molecule), bromine alone (bromine molecule), iodine alone (iodine molecule), N-chlorosuccinimide, N-bromosuccinimide, phosphorus pentachloride, phosphoryl chloride, phosphorus oxychloride , Thionyl chloride, hypochlorite, hypobromite, cyanuric chloride, bis (2,4,6-trimethylpyridine) bromonium hexafluorophosphate, bis (2,4,6-trimethylpyridine) iodonium Examples include hexafluorophosphate, 1,3-dialkyl-2-halogenoimidazolinium halides, 2-chloro-1,3-dimethylbenzimidazolium chloride.
- the amount of the halogenating agent to be used is generally 1 to 5 mol, preferably 1.1 to 2 mol, per 1 mol of the pyrazine derivative represented by the formula (III).
- the reaction between the pyrazine derivative represented by the formula (III) and the halogenating agent is usually performed in a solvent.
- the solvent is not particularly limited as long as it is inert and does not adversely affect the halogenation reaction.
- water acetic acid
- alcohol solvents such as methanol, ethanol and isopropyl alcohol
- ester solvents such as ethyl acetate, isopropyl acetate and n-butyl acetate
- ketone solvents such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone and cyclohexanone
- n -Saturated hydrocarbon solvents such as pentane, n-hexane, cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, n-heptane
- nitrile solvents such as acetonitrile and benzonitrile
- diethyl ether diisopropyl
- Ether solvents sulfur-containing solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide and sulfolane; amide solvents such as N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide and hexamethylphosphoramide
- the medium include halogenated hydrocarbon solvents such as methylene chloride, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, and 1,2-dichloroethane. These solvents can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- alcohol solvents, ester solvents, nitrile solvents, and the like are preferable, and two or more mixed solvents including alcohol solvents are particularly preferable from the viewpoint of the solubility of the pyrazine derivative represented by the formula (III).
- the amount of the solvent used is usually 0.001 to 100 parts by mass with respect to 1 part by mass of the pyrazine derivative represented by the formula (III).
- the reaction temperature is usually in the range of ⁇ 20 ° C. to 100 ° C., preferably 0 ° C. to 50 ° C.
- the reaction time varies depending on the reaction scale, but is usually 5 minutes to several days.
- the purification means is not particularly limited, and known and conventional means such as distillation, recrystallization or column chromatography can be used.
- the pyrazine derivative represented by the formula (III) As described above, according to the present invention, by reacting the pyrazine derivative represented by the formula (III), that is, the pyrazine derivative (III) as a salt having the cationic species M, with the halogenating agent, The hydroxypyrazine derivative represented by I) can be produced efficiently. Further, by reacting the hydroxypyrazine derivative represented by the formula (I) with a chlorinating agent, a dichloropyrazine derivative represented by the formula (II) useful as a production intermediate for an antiviral agent or the like is obtained.
- a fluorinated compound represented by the compound represented by the formula (IX) By fluorinating the dichloropyrazine derivative represented by the formula (II) obtained by the production method of the present invention, for example, a fluorinated compound represented by the compound represented by the formula (IX) can be obtained. . Then, the fluorinated compound is hydroxylated, and, for example, when the group corresponding to R 21 is a nitrile group, the nitrile group is amidated to be typified by a compound represented by the formula (XI) Compounds and the like can be obtained.
- the pyrazine derivative represented by the formula (III) can be easily obtained by a known method, a method described in Examples, a method according to these methods, or a combination thereof.
- HPLC analysis Pump: LC-10ATvp, detector: SPD-10Avp, thermostatic chamber: CTO-10ACvp, chromatopack: CR-8A, manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation; [ 1 H-NMR measurement] FT-NMR, JNM-AL400, manufactured by JEOL Ltd.
- Step 1 Synthesis of sodium 2-carbamoylpyrazine-3-hydroxylate 231.5 g of 18% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution was cooled to ⁇ 10 ° C., and 97.3 g of 2-aminomalonic acid diamide was suspended therein. Next, 148.4 g of 40% aqueous glyoxal solution was added dropwise over 40 minutes. After completion of the dropwise addition, the reaction mixture was stirred at ⁇ 5 ° C. for 1 hour, warmed to 22 ° C. and further stirred for 3 hours. After cooling to 5 ° C.
- the solid product was collected by filtration, washed with 166 ml of 80% acetonitrile aqueous solution, then with 166 ml of acetonitrile, and 149.0 g of sodium 2-carbamoylpyrazine-3-hydroxylate (yield 92.0). %).
- Step 2 Synthesis of 6-bromo-3-hydroxypyrazine-2-carboxamide
- 149.0 g of sodium 2-carbamoylpyrazine-3-hydroxylate obtained in Step 1 above was suspended. I let you. Next, 152.8 g of bromine was added dropwise at 15 to 24 ° C. over 8 minutes, and the mixture was stirred at 20 to 24 ° C. for 1 hour. After cooling to 0 ° C., 1529 ml of water was added dropwise, and the mixture was stirred at 0 ° C. for 1 hour after completion of the dropwise addition. The solid product was collected by filtration and washed with 765 ml of water to obtain 126.0 g of 6-bromo-3-hydroxypyrazine-2-carboxamide (yield 75.6%).
- Example 3 Synthesis of 3,6-dichloropyrazine-2-carbonitrile 2.18 g of 6-bromo-3-hydroxypyrazine-2-carboxamide was suspended in 10 ml of monochlorobenzene, and 6.13 g of phosphorus oxychloride was added. The mixture was heated to 60 ° C. and stirred at 60 ° C. for 30 minutes. Next, 3.88 g of diisopropylethylamine was added dropwise over 10 minutes. The mixture was further stirred at 90 to 100 ° C. for 2.5 hours. After cooling to room temperature, 20 ml of toluene was added to the reaction mixture, and the mixture was distilled off under reduced pressure.
- Step 1 Synthesis of 6-fluoro-3-hydroxypyrazine-2-carboxamide
- Step 1 Synthesis of 3,6-difluoropyrazine-2-carbonitrile
- Toluene was distilled off at normal pressure.
- 40 ml of toluene was added and the water in the system was removed by distilling off again.
- Step 2 Synthesis of 6-fluoro-3-hydroxypyrazine-2-carbonitrile 19.92 g of a toluene solution of 3,6-difluoropyrazine-2-carbonitrile at a concentration of 12.7% to 18 ml of dimethyl sulfoxide, 9 ml of water, and 2.95 g of sodium acetate was added sequentially. The mixture was warmed to 50 ° C. and stirred for 7 hours. Next, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, and 9 ml of water and concentrated hydrochloric acid were added to adjust the pH to 2.5. 54 ml of ethyl acetate was added for liquid separation. The extracted organic layer was washed with 18 ml of water and then with 10% brine.
- Step 3 Synthesis of 6-fluoro-3-hydroxypyrazine-2-carboxamide 14.39 g of concentrated sulfuric acid was added to 3.45 g of oil of 6-fluoro-3-hydroxypyrazine-2-carbonitrile, and the mixture was stirred at 50 ° C. for 4 hours. Stir. The reaction mixture was added dropwise over 4 minutes to 44.5 ml of water cooled to 3 ° C. After completion of dropping, the mixture was stirred at 10 ° C. or lower for 20 minutes. 10.17 g of an aqueous 28% sodium hydroxide solution was added dropwise over 15 minutes. After completion of dropping, the mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 30 minutes. The solid product was collected by filtration and washed with 18 ml of water to give 2.22 g (92.3% yield) of 6-fluoro-3-hydroxypyrazine-2-carboxamide.
- a dichloropyrazine derivative useful as an intermediate of agricultural medicine such as an antiviral agent and a hydroxypyrazine derivative which is an intermediate of the dichloropyrazine derivative can be easily obtained at a low yield. it can.
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2009年1月28日に日本に出願された特願2009-016221号に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
中でも式(V)で表される6位フッ素置換のピラジンカルボキサミド誘導体(括弧内は互変異性体を示す。)は、抗インフルエンザ活性が強く、抗ウイルス剤として優れている(特許文献1を参照)。
本発明の目的は、ニトロ化反応を経ないで式(VIII)で表される化合物に代表されるジクロロピラジン誘導体を安価に効率よく製造する方法を提供することである。
本発明の別の目的は、前記ジクロロピラジン誘導体の製造中間体であるヒドロキシピラジン誘導体を安価に効率よく製造する方法を提供することである。
すなわち本発明は以下に記載する発明である。
〈1〉 式(I)で表されるヒドロキシピラジン誘導体と塩素化剤とを反応させることを含む式(II)で表されるジクロロピラジン誘導体の製造方法。
〈3〉 Mが、周期律表第I族、第IIa族または第IIIa族に属する金属元素から形成されたカチオン種である、前記〈2〉に記載のヒドロキシピラジン誘導体の製造方法。
本発明のジクロロピラジン誘導体の製造方法は、式(I)で表されるヒドロキシピラジン誘導体と塩素化剤とを反応させることを含むものである。
塩素化剤の使用量は、式(I)で表されるヒドロキシピラジン誘導体1モルに対して、通常2~10モル、好ましくは2~5モルである。
溶媒としては、塩素化反応に対して悪影響を及ぼさない不活性なものであれば、特に制限されない。例えば、酢酸エチル、酢酸イソプロピル、酢酸n-ブチルなどのエステル系溶媒;アセトン、メチルエチルケトン、メチルイソブチルケトン、シクロヘキサノンなどのケトン系溶媒;n-ペンタン、n-ヘキサン、シクロヘキサン、メチルシクロヘキサン、n-ヘプタンなどの飽和炭化水素系溶媒;アセトニトリル、ベンゾニトリルなどのニトリル系溶媒;ジエチルエーテル、ジイソプロピルエーテル、ジオキサン、テトラヒドロフラン、1,2-ジメトキシエタンなどのエーテル系溶媒;ジメチルスルホキシド、スルホランなどの含イオウ溶媒;N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド、N,N-ジメチルアセタミド、ヘキサメチルホスホロアミドなどのアミド系溶媒;塩化メチレン、クロロホルム、四塩化炭素、1,2-ジクロロエタンなどのハロゲン化炭化水素系溶媒;ベンゼン、トルエン、モノクロロベンゼンなどの芳香族炭化水素系溶媒などが挙げられる。これらの溶媒は1種単独でもしくは2種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。これら溶媒のうち、ニトリル系溶媒および芳香族炭化水素系溶媒などが好ましい。
溶媒が用いられる場合の溶媒の使用量は、式(I)で表されるヒドロキシピラジン誘導体1質量部に対して、通常0.001~100質量部である。
塩基としては、トリメチルアミン、ジエチルアミン、トリエチルアミン、ジイソプロピルアミン、ジイソプロピルエチルアミンなどのアルキルアミン;アニリン、N,N-ジメチルアニリンなどのアリールアミン;ピリジン、1,8-ジアザビシクロ[5.4.0]ウンデカ-7-エン(DBU)、1,5-ジアザビシクロ[4.3.0]ノナ-5-エン(DBN)などの複素環状アミン;炭酸ナトリウム、炭酸カリウムなどの無機塩基などが挙げられる。これらのうち、三級アルキルアミンまたは複素環状アミンが好ましく、トリエチルアミン、ジイソプロピルエチルアミン、ピリジンなどが特に好ましい。
塩基の使用量は、式(I)で表されるヒドロキシピラジン誘導体1モルに対して、通常2~10モル、好ましくは2~5モルである。
本発明の製造方法の出発原料、式(I)で表されるヒドロキシピラジン誘導体は、以下の方法によって製造することが好ましい。
すなわち、本発明のヒドロキシピラジン誘導体の製造方法は、式(III)で表されるピラジン誘導体とハロゲン化剤とを反応させることを含むものである。
Mとしては、周期律表第I族に属する金属元素、第IIa族に属する金属元素、または第IIIa族に属する金属元素から形成されたカチオン種;鉄、銅等の遷移金属元素から形成されたカチオン種;アンモニウム塩;トリメチルアミン、トリエチルアミン、トリブチルアミン、ピリジン、N,N-ジメチルアニリン、N-メチルピペリジン、N-メチルモルホリン、ジシクロヘキシルアミン、プロカイン、ジベンジルアミン、N-ベンジル-β-フェネチルアミン、1-エフェナミン、N,N’-ジベンジルエチレンジアミン、ヒドラジン等の有機塩基から形成されたカチオン種などが挙げられる。ここで、「から形成されたカチオン種」とは、前記金属元素または有機塩基がイオン化されたカチオン種を意味する。
これらのうち、周期律表第I族、第IIa族または第IIIa族に属する金属元素から形成されたカチオン種などが好ましい。
第IIa族に属する金属元素は、ベリリウム、マグネシウム、カルシウム、ストロンチウム、バリウム、ラジウムである。これらのうち、マグネシウムまたはカルシウムなどが好ましい。
第IIIa族に属する金属元素は、ホウ素、アルミニウム、ガリウム、インジウム、タリウムであり、特にホウ素またはアルミニウムが好ましい。
これらのなかでも、Mとしては、アルカリ金属元素から形成されたカチオン種がより好ましく、ナトリウムまたはカリウムなどから形成されたカチオン種が特に好ましい。
ハロゲン化剤の使用量は、式(III)で表されるピラジン誘導体1モルに対して、通常1~5モル、好ましくは1.1~2モルである。
これら溶媒のうち、アルコール系溶媒、エステル系溶媒およびニトリル系溶媒などが好ましく、式(III)で表されるピラジン誘導体の溶解度の観点からアルコール系溶媒を含む2種以上の混合溶媒が特に好ましい。
溶媒の使用量は、式(III)で表されるピラジン誘導体1質量部に対して、通常0.001~100質量部である。
式(III)で表されるピラジン誘導体は、公知の方法、実施例に記載する方法もしくはこれらに準じる方法により、またはこれらを適宜組み合わせることにより、容易に入手することができる。
〔HPLC分析〕 ポンプ:LC-10ATvp、検知器:SPD-10Avp、恒温槽:CTO-10ACvp、クロマトパック:CR-8A、島津製作所社製;
〔1H-NMR測定〕 FT-NMR、 JNM-AL400、日本電子社製
6-ブロモ-3-ヒドロキシピラジン-2-カルボキサミドの合成(1)
工程1:ナトリウム 2-カルバモイルピラジン-3-ヒドロキシレートの合成
18%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液231.5gを-10℃に冷却し、それに2-アミノマロン酸ジアミド97.3gを懸濁させた。次いで、40%グリオキサール水溶液148.4gを40分間掛けて滴下した。滴下終了後、該反応混合物を-5℃で1時間撹拌し、22℃に加温してさらに3時間撹拌した。5℃以下に冷却して固体生成物を濾取し、80%アセトニトリル水溶液166mlで洗浄し、次いでアセトニトリル166mlで洗浄し、ナトリウム 2-カルバモイルピラジン-3-ヒドロキシレート149.0g(収率92.0%)を得た。
メタノール153mlとアセトニトリル612mlの混合液に、上記工程1で得られたナトリウム 2-カルバモイルピラジン-3-ヒドロキシレート149.0gを懸濁させた。次いで、15~24℃で臭素152.8gを8分間掛けて滴下し、20~24℃で1時間撹拌した。0℃に冷却して、水1529mlを滴下し、滴下終了後0℃にて1時間撹拌した。固体生成物を濾取して水765mlで洗浄し、6-ブロモ-3-ヒドロキシピラジン-2-カルボキサミド126.0g(収率75.6%)を得た。
6-ブロモ-3-ヒドロキシピラジン-2-カルボキサミドの合成(2)
メタノール20mlと酢酸エチル80mlの混合液に、ナトリウム 2-カルバモイルピラジン-3-ヒドロキシレート1.62gを懸濁させた。次いで、16~17℃で臭素2.16gを10分間掛けて滴下し、18~19℃で1時間撹拌した。水20mlを添加して、さらに15分間撹拌した。次いで40℃で、残液の重量が16.8gになるまで減圧濃縮した。5℃に冷却し、固体生成物を濾取した。水40mlで洗浄し、6-ブロモ-3-ヒドロキシピラジン-2-カルボキサミド1.64g(収率75.2%)を得た。
6-ブロモ-3-ヒドロキシピラジン-2-カルボキサミドの合成(3)
アセトニトリル10mlに3-ヒドロキシピラジン-2-カルボキサミド139mgを懸濁させた。0℃に冷却し、臭素0.28gを添加して、0℃で2時間撹拌し、室温で2.5時間撹拌し、そして40℃で1.5時間撹拌した。反応液をHPLCで分析したところ、6-ブロモ-3-ヒドロキシピラジン-2-カルボキサミドと3-ヒドロキシピラジン-2-カルボキサミドの総面積比は1:10.5であった。
3,6-ジクロロピラジン-2-カルボニトリルの合成
モノクロロベンゼン10mlに6-ブロモ-3-ヒドロキシピラジン-2-カルボキサミド2.18gを懸濁させ、オキシ塩化リン6.13gを添加した。60℃に加温し、60℃で30分間撹拌した。次いでジイソプロピルエチルアミン3.88gを10分間掛けて滴下した。90~100℃でさらに2.5時間撹拌した。室温に冷まし、反応混合物にトルエン20mlを添加し、減圧留去した。留出物が留出しなくなるまで濃縮し、残液にトルエン20mlと水10mlを添加して、40℃で2.5時間撹拌し、次いで分液を行った。有機層を、水で洗浄し、5%炭酸水素ナトリウム溶液で洗浄し、次いで10%食塩水で洗浄して、3,6-ジクロロピラジン-2-カルボニトリルのトルエン溶液を得た。HPLCを用いた定量分析によると、3,6-ジクロロピラジン-2-カルボニトリルの純分収量は1.44g(収率83.0%)であった。
6-フルオロ-3-ヒドロキシピラジン-2-カルボキサミドの合成
工程1:3,6-ジフルオロピラジン-2-カルボニトリルの合成
トルエン40mlとジメチルスルホキシド20mlの混合液に、フッ化カリウム3.49gとテトラブチルアンモニウムブロマイド1.33gを懸濁させた。常圧でトルエンを留去した。次いでトルエン40mlを添加し、再度留去することによって系中の水分を除去した。濃度24.7%の3,6-ジクロロピラジン-2-カルボニトリルのトルエン溶液14.08gを添加し、60℃で2.5時間撹拌した。次いでトルエン20mlと水30mlを添加し、分液した。有機層を水20mlで洗浄し、水20mlと濃塩酸を添加してpHを1.6に調整し、分液した。5%食塩水20mlで洗浄した。得られた有機層をHPLCで定量分析したところ、3,6-ジフルオロピラジン-2-カルボニトリルの純分収量は2.60g(収率92.3%)であった。
濃度12.7%の3,6-ジフルオロピラジン-2-カルボニトリルのトルエン溶液19.92gにジメチルスルホキシド18ml、水9ml、および酢酸ナトリウム2.95gを順次添加した。この混合物を50℃に加温し、7時間撹拌した。次いで室温に冷まし、水9mlと濃塩酸を添加してpHを2.5に調整した。酢酸エチル54mlを添加して分液した。取り出した有機層を水18mlで洗浄し、次いで10%食塩水で洗浄した。各水層を酢酸エチル18mlで抽出して得た有機層を、最初の有機層と合わせ、酢酸エチルを減圧留去し、オイル状の6-フルオロ-3-ヒドロキシピラジン-2-カルボニトリル3.45gを得た。
6-フルオロ-3-ヒドロキシピラジン-2-カルボニトリルのオイル3.45gに濃硫酸14.39gを添加し、50℃で4時間撹拌した。3℃に冷却した水44.5mlに前記反応混合物を20分間掛けて滴下した。滴下終了後、10℃以下で20分間撹拌した。濃度28%の水酸化ナトリウム水溶液10.17gを15分間掛けて滴下した。滴下終了後、同温度で30分間撹拌した。固体生成物を濾取し、水18mlで洗浄して、6-フルオロ-3-ヒドロキシピラジン-2-カルボキサミド2.22g(収率92.3%)を得た。
Claims (4)
- Mが、周期律表第I族、第IIa族または第IIIa族に属する金属元素から形成されたカチオン種である、請求項2に記載のヒドロキシピラジン誘導体の製造方法。
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EP10735589.3A EP2392566B1 (en) | 2009-01-28 | 2010-01-14 | Method for producing dichloropyrazine derivative |
CN201080005476.4A CN102307865B (zh) | 2009-01-28 | 2010-01-14 | 二氯吡嗪衍生物的制备方法 |
US13/144,735 US8586741B2 (en) | 2009-01-28 | 2010-01-14 | Method for producing dichloropyrazine derivative |
KR1020117017186A KR101297541B1 (ko) | 2009-01-28 | 2010-01-14 | 디클로로피라진 유도체의 제조 방법 |
JP2010548391A JP5385309B2 (ja) | 2009-01-28 | 2010-01-14 | ジクロロピラジン誘導体の製造方法 |
US14/036,433 US8835636B2 (en) | 2009-01-28 | 2013-09-25 | Method for producing dichloropyrazine derivative |
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Cited By (6)
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JP2010241806A (ja) * | 2009-03-18 | 2010-10-28 | Toyama Chem Co Ltd | 3−ヒドロキシ−2−ピラジンカルボキサミドの製造法 |
CN102603658A (zh) * | 2011-10-18 | 2012-07-25 | 山东齐都药业有限公司 | 6-氟-3-羟基-2-吡嗪酰胺的制备方法 |
CN102603657A (zh) * | 2011-10-18 | 2012-07-25 | 山东齐都药业有限公司 | 6-溴-3-羟基-2-吡嗪酰胺的制备方法 |
CN104914185A (zh) * | 2015-06-10 | 2015-09-16 | 山东省药学科学院 | 一种法匹拉韦中有关物质的hplc测定方法 |
CN111978263A (zh) * | 2020-09-10 | 2020-11-24 | 湖南华腾制药有限公司 | 一种法匹拉韦及其中间体的制备方法 |
WO2021250705A1 (en) * | 2020-06-12 | 2021-12-16 | Council Of Scientific And Industrial Research (An Indian Registered Body Incorporated Under The Regn. Of Soc. Act (Act Xxi Of 1860)) | A process for preparation of 3,6-dichlorocyano pyrazine, 3,6-dioxopiperazine derivatives and production of favipiravir thereof |
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WO2016199824A1 (ja) | 2015-06-09 | 2016-12-15 | 富山化学工業株式会社 | 6-ブロモ-3-ヒドロキシ-2-ピラジンカルボキサミドの結晶およびその製造方法 |
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CN102603657B (zh) * | 2011-10-18 | 2015-02-04 | 山东齐都药业有限公司 | 6-溴-3-羟基-2-吡嗪酰胺的制备方法 |
CN104914185A (zh) * | 2015-06-10 | 2015-09-16 | 山东省药学科学院 | 一种法匹拉韦中有关物质的hplc测定方法 |
CN104914185B (zh) * | 2015-06-10 | 2016-09-21 | 山东省药学科学院 | 一种法匹拉韦中有关物质的hplc测定方法 |
WO2021250705A1 (en) * | 2020-06-12 | 2021-12-16 | Council Of Scientific And Industrial Research (An Indian Registered Body Incorporated Under The Regn. Of Soc. Act (Act Xxi Of 1860)) | A process for preparation of 3,6-dichlorocyano pyrazine, 3,6-dioxopiperazine derivatives and production of favipiravir thereof |
CN111978263A (zh) * | 2020-09-10 | 2020-11-24 | 湖南华腾制药有限公司 | 一种法匹拉韦及其中间体的制备方法 |
CN111978263B (zh) * | 2020-09-10 | 2023-05-26 | 长沙创新药物工业技术研究院有限公司 | 一种法匹拉韦及其中间体的制备方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US8835636B2 (en) | 2014-09-16 |
CN102307865B (zh) | 2015-04-01 |
EP2392566B1 (en) | 2016-03-02 |
CN102307865A (zh) | 2012-01-04 |
US8586741B2 (en) | 2013-11-19 |
JP5385309B2 (ja) | 2014-01-08 |
JPWO2010087117A1 (ja) | 2012-08-02 |
KR101297541B1 (ko) | 2013-08-14 |
US20110275817A1 (en) | 2011-11-10 |
EP2392566A1 (en) | 2011-12-07 |
EP2392566A4 (en) | 2013-06-26 |
US20140024832A1 (en) | 2014-01-23 |
KR20110096177A (ko) | 2011-08-29 |
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