WO2010064440A1 - リチウム複合化合物粒子粉末及びその製造方法、非水電解質二次電池 - Google Patents
リチウム複合化合物粒子粉末及びその製造方法、非水電解質二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
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- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/1391—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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Definitions
- the present invention provides a lithium composite compound particle powder having good cycle characteristics and excellent high-temperature storage characteristics as a positive electrode active material of a secondary battery, and a secondary battery using the lithium composite compound particle powder.
- LiMn 2 O 4 of spinel structure LiMnO 2 having a zigzag layer structure, LiCoO 2 of layered rock-salt structure, LiNiO 2 and the like are generally known, and lithium ion secondary batteries using LiNiO 2 have attracted attention as batteries having a high charge / discharge capacity.
- this material is inferior in thermal stability during charging and charge / discharge cycle durability, further improvement in characteristics is required.
- One of the causes of characteristic deterioration may be impurities present on the particle surface. If surplus lithium at the time of synthesis exists on the particle surface, gelation is induced at the time of electrode preparation. In addition, when carbonated, carbon dioxide is generated due to a reaction inside the battery, and the cell swells to deteriorate the battery characteristics. In addition, the presence of sulfate causes an increase in resistance during storage.
- the amount of impurities present on the particle surface is reduced and the surface state is controlled to suppress side reactions in the battery that accompany charging and discharging, as well as to suppress deterioration as particles and electrodes, and to improve cycle characteristics and high-temperature storage characteristics. There is a strong demand for improvement.
- Patent Documents 1 to 7 technologies for improving capacity
- Patent Documents 8 to 10 technologies for improving cycle characteristics
- Patent Documents 3 and 6) 11 technologies for improving storability
- Patent Documents 5 to 7, 12 technologies for improving thermal stability
- the positive electrode active material that satisfies the above-mentioned properties is currently most demanded, but has not yet been obtained.
- the present invention provides a lithium composite compound particle powder having improved cycle characteristics and storage characteristics by controlling the crystal structure of the lithium composite compound particle powder, which is a positive electrode active material, and the amount of impurities on the surface. Let it be an issue.
- the present invention relates to a lithium composite compound particle powder composed of the lithium composite compound represented by the composition formula 1, and the ion when the particle surface of the lithium composite compound particle powder is analyzed with a time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometer.
- Lithium composite compound particles characterized by having an intensity ratio A (LiO ⁇ / NiO 2 ⁇ ) of 0.3 or less and an ionic strength ratio B (Li 3 CO 3 + / Ni + ) of 20 or less It is a powder (Invention 1).
- Composition formula 1 Li 1 + x Ni 1-yz Co y M z O 2
- M B, at least one of Al, ⁇ 0.02 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.02, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.20, 0 ⁇ z ⁇ 0.10
- the present invention is the lithium composite compound particle powder according to the present invention 1 having an average secondary particle diameter of 1 to 30 ⁇ m or less (Invention 2).
- the present invention is the lithium composite compound particle powder according to the present invention 1 or 2, wherein the powder pH in a 2% by weight suspension solution in which the lithium composite compound particle powder is dispersed is 11.0 or less (the present invention). 3).
- the present invention is the lithium composite compound particle powder according to any one of the present inventions 1 to 3 having a carbon content of 300 ppm or less (Invention 4).
- the sulfur content is 100 ppm or less
- the ionic strength ratio C (LiSO 3 ⁇ / NiO 2 ⁇ ) is 0.3 or less
- the sodium content is 100 ppm or less. 4.
- the present invention provides the lithium according to any one of the present inventions 1 to 5, wherein the lithium carbonate component content is 0.30% by weight or less and the lithium hydroxide content is 0.30% by weight or less. It is a composite compound particle powder (Invention 6).
- the present invention also provides the lithium composite compound particle powder according to any one of the present inventions 1 to 6 having a specific surface area of 0.05 to 0.7 m 2 / g (Invention 7).
- the present invention is a method for producing a lithium composite compound particle powder according to any one of the present inventions 1 to 7, wherein the production method comprises a step of removing impurities from the lithium composite compound particle powder with an aqueous solvent (1 ), And the step (2) of heat-treating the lithium composite compound particle powder that has undergone the step (1), and in the step (1), the lithium composite compound particle powder used is based on the total number of moles of transition metal, aluminum, and boron.
- This is a method for producing a lithium composite compound particle powder in which the ratio of the total number of moles of lithium is 1.02 or more and 1.10 or less (Invention 8).
- the present invention is the production method according to the present invention 8, wherein the heat treatment in the step (2) is performed in an air or oxygen atmosphere having a carbon dioxide concentration of 100 ppm or less at a temperature range of 500 ° C. to 850 ° C. ( Invention 9).
- the present invention is a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery using the lithium composite compound particle powder according to any one of the present inventions 1 to 7 (present invention 10).
- the lithium composite compound particle powder according to the present invention is suitable as a positive electrode active material for a secondary battery because it has good cycle characteristics and excellent high-temperature storage characteristics as a positive electrode active material for a secondary battery.
- the lithium composite compound particle powder according to the present invention has the following composition formula 1.
- Composition formula 1 Li 1 + x Ni 1-yz Co y M z O 2
- M B, at least one of Al, ⁇ 0.02 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.02, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.20, 0 ⁇ z ⁇ 0.10
- the lithium composite compound particle powder according to the present invention has an ionic strength ratio A (LiO ⁇ / NiO 2 ⁇ ) of 0.3 when the surface of the lithium composite compound particle powder is analyzed with a time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometer. It is as follows. When the ionic strength ratio A (LiO ⁇ / NiO 2 ⁇ ) exceeds 0.3, the cycle characteristics of a secondary battery produced using the lithium composite compound particle powder are degraded. A more preferable ionic strength ratio A (LiO ⁇ / NiO 2 ⁇ ) is 0.01 to 0.25.
- the lithium composite compound particle powder according to the present invention has an ionic strength ratio B (Li 3 CO 3 + / Ni + ) of 20 when the surface of the lithium composite compound particle powder is analyzed with a time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometer. It is as follows. When the ionic strength ratio B (Li 3 CO 3 + / Ni + ) exceeds 20, the cycle characteristics of a secondary battery produced using the lithium composite compound particle powder deteriorate. A more preferable ionic strength ratio B (Li 3 CO 3 + / Ni + ) is 0.1 to 19.0.
- the lithium composite compound particle powder according to the present invention has an ionic strength ratio C (LiSO 3 ⁇ / NiO 2 ⁇ ) of 0 when the surface of the lithium composite compound particle powder is analyzed with a time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometer. It is preferable that it is 3 or less. When the ionic strength ratio C (LiSO 3 ⁇ / NiO 2 ⁇ ) exceeds 0.3, the storage characteristics of the secondary battery produced using the lithium composite compound particle powder are degraded. An even more preferable ionic strength ratio C (LiSO 3 ⁇ / NiO 2 ⁇ ) is 0.01 to 0.25.
- the average secondary particle diameter of the lithium composite compound particle powder according to the present invention is preferably 1.0 to 30 ⁇ m.
- the average secondary particle diameter is less than 1.0 ⁇ m, the filling density is lowered and the reactivity with the electrolytic solution is increased, which is not preferable. If the thickness exceeds 30 ⁇ m, the diffusion distance of lithium ions extends, causing a decrease in conductivity and a deterioration in cycle characteristics, so that the intended effect cannot be obtained.
- a more preferable average secondary particle size is 2.0 to 20 ⁇ m.
- the average primary particle diameter of the lithium composite compound particle powder according to the present invention is preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or more.
- the average primary particle diameter is less than 0.1 ⁇ m, the crystallinity is poor and the cycle is deteriorated.
- the average primary particle diameter exceeds 15 ⁇ m, the diffusion of lithium is inhibited, which again causes cycle deterioration. That is, the average primary particle size is more preferably from 0.1 to 15 ⁇ m, more preferably from 0.5 to 12 ⁇ m.
- the powder pH of the lithium composite compound particle powder according to the present invention (water pH when the particle powder is dispersed in water) is preferably 11.0 or less.
- the powder pH exceeds 11.0, the coating properties of the positive electrode are deteriorated, and the cycle characteristics and storage characteristics of a secondary battery produced using the lithium composite compound particle powder are deteriorated.
- it is 10.8 or less, More preferably, it is 10.7 or less.
- the lower limit of the powder pH is usually 9.0.
- the carbon content of the lithium composite compound particle powder according to the present invention is preferably 300 ppm or less. When the carbon content exceeds 300 ppm, the cycle characteristics of a secondary battery produced using the lithium composite compound particle powder deteriorate.
- a more preferable carbon content is 1.0 to 250 ppm.
- the sulfur content of the lithium composite compound particle powder according to the present invention is preferably 100 ppm or less. When the content of sulfur exceeds 100 ppm, the storage characteristics of a secondary battery produced using the lithium composite compound particle powder are deteriorated. A more preferable sulfur content is 50 ppm or less.
- the sodium content of the lithium composite compound particle powder according to the present invention is preferably 100 ppm or less. When the content of sodium exceeds 100 ppm, the cycle characteristics of the secondary battery produced using the lithium composite compound particle powder are deteriorated. A more preferable sodium content is 50 ppm or less.
- the content of the lithium carbonate component of the lithium composite compound particle powder according to the present invention is preferably 0.30% by weight or less.
- the content of lithium carbonate exceeds 0.30% by weight, the cycle characteristics of a secondary battery produced using the lithium composite compound particle powder deteriorate due to side reactions and gas generation inside the battery.
- a more preferable lithium carbonate content is 0.25% by weight or less.
- the content of lithium hydroxide in the lithium composite compound particle powder according to the present invention is preferably 0.30% by weight or less.
- the content of lithium hydroxide exceeds 0.30% by weight, the coating properties of the positive electrode are deteriorated and the cycle characteristics of the secondary battery produced using the lithium composite compound particle powder are deteriorated.
- a more preferable lithium hydroxide content is 0.20% by weight or less.
- the BET specific surface area of the lithium composite compound particle powder according to the present invention is preferably 0.05 to 0.7 m 2 / g.
- the BET specific surface area value is less than 0.05 m 2 / g, the cycle characteristics of a secondary battery produced using the lithium composite compound particle powder are deteriorated.
- the storage characteristics of the secondary battery produced using the lithium composite compound particle powder are deteriorated.
- a more preferable BET specific surface area is 0.06 to 0.6 m 2 / g.
- the lithium composite compound particle powder according to the present invention includes a step (1) of pulverizing a lithium composite compound particle powder prepared in advance, dispersing it in water and washing it with water to remove impurities, and the lithium composite after the step (1). After the compound particle powder is dried, it can be obtained through a step (2) of heat treatment in air at a temperature of 500 to 850 ° C. in air having a carbonic acid concentration of 100 ppm or less or in oxygen having a carbonic acid concentration of 100 ppm or less.
- the lithium composite compound particle powder used for the treatment is obtained by an ordinary method.
- a lithium compound, a nickel compound, a cobalt compound, an aluminum compound and / or a boron compound are mixed and heat-treated.
- it may be obtained by any method of reacting an aluminum compound and / or a boron compound.
- the lithium composite compound particle powder used for the treatment had a ratio of the total number of moles of lithium to the total number of moles of transition metal elements (Co, Ni), aluminum and boron (Li / (Co + Ni + Al + B)) of 1.02 or more and 1 10 or less is preferable.
- the ratio is less than 1.02, the reaction is insufficient and the capacity is reduced.
- it exceeds 1.10 an excessive lithium component remains, which is not preferable.
- a more preferred ratio is 1.03 to 1.08.
- the lithium composite compound particle powder is suspended in pure water having a weight ratio of 5 times or more and a water temperature of 20 ° C. or less for about 20 minutes, filtered, and then the same amount of pure water as that of the suspension. Wash with water.
- the suspension time is preferably within 30 minutes.
- washing with water After washing with water, it is filtered, dried and heat treated. If the amount of pure water used is too small, cleaning will be insufficient. Further, if the suspension time is long, it is not preferable from the viewpoint of productivity, and it is not preferable because Li may be extracted from the particle crystal.
- the temperature of the pure water used at the time of water washing is high, the Li extraction from the particles is accelerated, and at the same time the Li is extracted from the crystal at the time of the excess Li water washing, it becomes difficult to control the composition.
- washing with pure water at 20 ° C. or lower, more preferably 10 ° C. or lower, within 20 minutes is preferable.
- the heat treatment temperature is 500 to 850 ° C.
- the temperature is lower than 500 ° C.
- the storage characteristics of the secondary battery produced using the obtained lithium composite compound particle powder are deteriorated.
- the temperature exceeds 850 ° C., the cycle characteristics of the secondary battery produced using the obtained lithium composite compound particle powder are deteriorated.
- a more preferable heat treatment temperature is 600 to 800 ° C.
- Holding time is preferably 1 to 5 hours. If it is shorter than 1 hour, the crystallinity of the surface is insufficient, and if it is longer than 5 hours, it is not preferable from the viewpoint of productivity and cost.
- the atmosphere during the heat treatment is in air having a carbonic acid concentration of 100 ppm or less or in oxygen having a carbonic acid concentration of 100 ppm or less.
- the carbonic acid concentration exceeds 100 ppm, the cycle characteristics of the secondary battery produced using the obtained lithium composite compound particle powder are degraded.
- oxygen is released during heat treatment, which is not preferable.
- the ionic strength ratio A LiO ⁇ / NiO 2 ⁇
- the ionic strength ratio B Li 3 CO 3 + / Ni +
- powder pH, carbon content, sulfur content Rate ionic strength ratio C (LiSO 3 ⁇ / NiO 2 ⁇ ), sodium content, lithium carbonate component content, lithium hydroxide content.
- a conductive agent and a binder are added and mixed according to a conventional method.
- the conductive agent acetylene black, carbon black, graphite and the like are preferable
- the binder polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride and the like are preferable.
- the secondary battery manufactured using the positive electrode active material in the present invention is composed of the positive electrode, the negative electrode, and the electrolyte.
- lithium metal lithium metal, lithium / aluminum alloy, lithium / tin alloy, graphite, graphite or the like can be used.
- an organic solvent containing at least one of carbonates such as propylene carbonate and dimethyl carbonate and ethers such as dimethoxyethane can be used as the solvent for the electrolytic solution.
- At least one lithium salt such as lithium perchlorate and lithium tetrafluoroborate can be dissolved in the above solvent and used.
- lithium oxide or lithium hydroxide acts as a strong alkali, gelation occurs during coating, or paint storage stability deteriorates. Further, when lithium carbonate is formed, gas is generated during charging inside the battery, which adversely affects cycle characteristics and storage characteristics. Moreover, when it exists in the surface as lithium sulfate, an impedance raise will be raise
- lithium is extracted also from the inside of the particle by touching moisture, and the crystal structure starts to be destroyed from the particle surface.
- the surface state of the lithium composite compound particle powder is measured by measuring the impurity intensity using a time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometer (TOF-SIMS), the amount of impurities present on the particle surface is reduced, and By stabilizing the crystallinity of the particle surface, a positive electrode active material of a secondary battery having good cycle characteristics and excellent high-temperature storage characteristics is obtained.
- TOF-SIMS time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometer
- a typical embodiment of the present invention is as follows.
- a plasma emission analyzer (SPS4000 manufactured by Seiko Denshi Kogyo) was used for elemental analysis.
- the average primary particle size was determined by a scanning electron microscope SEM-EDX with an energy dispersive X-ray analyzer (manufactured by Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation).
- the average secondary particle size (D50) is a volume-based average particle size measured by a wet laser method using a laser type particle size distribution analyzer LMS-30 [manufactured by Seishin Enterprise Co., Ltd.].
- the presence state of particles to be coated or present is determined by scanning electron microscope SEM-EDX with energy dispersive X-ray analyzer [manufactured by Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation] and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometer TOF-SIMS5 [ION-TOF Co.
- the ionic strength ratio A LiO ⁇ / NiO 2 ⁇
- the ionic strength ratio B Li 3 CO 3 + / Ni +
- the ionic strength ratio C LiSO 3 ⁇ / NiO 2 ⁇ .
- the powder pH was prepared by suspending 0.5 g of powder in 25 ml of distilled water to prepare a 2 wt% dispersion, and standing at room temperature to measure the pH value of the suspension.
- the carbon content is an amount measured by burning a sample in an oxygen stream in a combustion furnace using a carbon and sulfur measuring device EMIA-520 (manufactured by Horiba Ltd.).
- the sulfur content is an amount measured by burning a sample in an oxygen stream in a combustion furnace using a carbon and sulfur measuring device EMIA-520 (manufactured by Horiba Ltd.).
- the content of the lithium carbonate component and lithium hydroxide was determined by suspending 20 g of a sample in 100 ml of pure water in an Erlenmeyer flask, sealing it in an Ar atmosphere, and stirring the mixture for 20 minutes using a magnetic stirrer to remove excess lithium carbonate and lithium hydroxide. Extracted in. The sample and the filtrate were separated by suction filtration, and the filtrate was titrated with hydrochloric acid. At this time, phenolphthalein and bromocresol green methyl were used as indicators to determine the end point, and lithium carbonate and lithium hydroxide in the sample were estimated from the titration amount to obtain an excess.
- the BET specific surface area was measured based on the BET method using nitrogen.
- the battery characteristics of the positive electrode active material were evaluated by preparing a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an electrolytic solution by the following manufacturing method to produce a coin-type battery cell.
- the positive electrode active material, the conductive agent acetylene black and the binder polyvinylidene fluoride are precisely weighed so that the weight ratio is 85: 10: 5, and thoroughly mixed in a mortar, and then N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone.
- the positive electrode mixture slurry was prepared by dispersing in the mixture. Next, this slurry was applied to an aluminum foil as a current collector with a film thickness of 150 ⁇ m, vacuum-dried at 150 ° C., and then punched into a disk shape of ⁇ 16 mm to obtain a positive electrode plate.
- An electrolyte solution was prepared by mixing 1 mol / liter of lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF 6 ) as an electrolyte in a mixed solution of ethylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate in a volume ratio of 50:50.
- LiPF 6 lithium hexafluorophosphate
- a case made of SUS316 was used in a glove box in an argon atmosphere, and a CR2032-type coin battery was manufactured by injecting an electrolyte solution through a polypropylene separator between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
- a charge / discharge test of a secondary battery was performed using the coin-type battery. As measurement conditions, charge and discharge were repeated at room temperature, a measurement rate of 1.0 C, and a cut-off voltage of 3.0 to 4.3 V. When the rate is 1.0 C, charging and discharging is performed in a short time compared to the case of 0.2 C or the like (1 C is performed in 1 hour, whereas 0.2 C is performed over 5 hours), which is large. Charging / discharging is performed at a current density.
- a 500 mAh laminate type cell using a carbon negative electrode was prepared, the cell charged to 4.2 V was stored at 85 ° C. for 24 hours, and the rate of change was obtained by volume measurement before and after the storage. .
- Resistance rise was performed by storing a coin cell charged to 4.3 V at 60 ° C. for 4 weeks, and measuring the AC impedance before and after that to determine the rate of increase in resistance. Impedance measurement was performed using an AC impedance measuring device comprising a 1287 type interface made by Solartron and a 1252A type frequency response analyzer.
- Example 1 Lithium hydroxide is mixed with a hydroxide composed of cobalt, nickel, and aluminum at a ratio such that Li / (Ni + Co + Al) is 1.08, and calcined in an oxygen atmosphere at 750 ° C. for 20 hours to form lithium composite compound particles A powder was obtained. 60 g of the crushed lithium composite compound particle powder was suspended in 300 ml of pure water having a water temperature of 10 ° C., stirred for 20 minutes, filtered and washed.
- the obtained lithium composite compound particle powder was evaluated by a time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometer.
- the ionic strength ratio A LiO ⁇ / NiO 2 ⁇
- the ionic strength ratio B Li 3 CO 3 + / Ni +
- the ionic strength ratio C LiSO 3 ⁇ / NiO 2 ⁇
- Example 2 After mixing at a ratio such that Li / (Ni + Co + Al) was 1.02, the powder obtained by the same treatment as in Example 1 was washed, dried, and decarboxylated (concentration 20 ppm) under an oxygen atmosphere of 800. Heat treatment was performed at 2 ° C. for 2 hours.
- Example 3 After mixing at a ratio such that Li / (Ni + Co + Al) is 1.02, the powder obtained by the same treatment as in Example 1 is washed, dried, and decarboxylated (concentration 20 ppm) under an air atmosphere of 800. Heat treatment was performed at 2 ° C. for 2 hours.
- Example 4 Lithium hydroxide is mixed with hydroxide and boric acid made of cobalt, nickel, and aluminum at a ratio such that Li / (Ni + Co + Al + B) is 1.07, and calcined at 750 ° C. for 20 hours in an oxygen atmosphere.
- Composite compound particle powder was obtained. 60 g of the pulverized lithium composite compound particle powder was washed in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Example 5 After mixing at a ratio such that Li / (Ni + Co + Al + B) is 1.10, the powder obtained by the same treatment as in Example 4 was washed, dried, and decarboxylated (concentration 20 ppm) under an air atmosphere 700 Heat treatment was performed at 2 ° C. for 2 hours.
- Example 6 After mixing at a ratio such that Li / (Ni + Co + Al + B) was 1.10, the powder obtained by the same treatment as in Example 4 was washed, dried, and decarboxylated (concentration 20 ppm) under an oxygen atmosphere 600 Heat treatment was performed at 2 ° C. for 2 hours.
- Example 1 In Example 1, the lithium composite compound particle powder obtained by firing was not washed. After the obtained particles were embedded in a resin and subjected to FIB processing, electron diffraction near the surface was confirmed (FIG. 4). As a result, a diffraction image belonging to R-3m having low crystallinity was obtained.
- Comparative Example 2 In Example 4, the lithium composite compound particle powder obtained by firing was not washed.
- Comparative Example 3 The powder obtained in Example 1 was not subjected to washing / drying treatment, and was subjected to heat treatment at 800 ° C. for 2 hours in an oxygen atmosphere in which the lithium composite compound particle powder was decarboxylated (concentration 20 ppm).
- Comparative Example 4 The lithium composite compound particle powder obtained by washing and drying the powder obtained in Example 2 was heat-treated at 600 ° C. for 2 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere obtained by decarboxylation (concentration 20 ppm).
- Comparative Example 5 The lithium composite compound particle powder obtained by washing and drying the powder obtained in Example 4 was heat-treated at 300 ° C. for 2 hours under an oxygen atmosphere in which the carbonic acid was decarboxylated (concentration 20 ppm).
- Comparative Example 6 The lithium composite compound particle powder obtained by washing and drying the powder obtained in Example 5 was heat-treated at 850 ° C. for 2 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere in which the carbonic acid was decarboxylated (concentration 20 ppm).
- Comparative Example 7 The lithium composite compound particle powder obtained by washing and drying the powder obtained in Example 5 was heat-treated at 500 ° C. for 2 hours in an undecarboxylated air atmosphere (CO 2 concentration 350 ppm).
- Comparative Example 8 The lithium composite compound particle powder obtained by washing and drying the powder obtained in Example 5 was heat-treated at 800 ° C. for 2 hours under an undecarboxylated oxygen atmosphere (CO 2 concentration 350 ppm). After the obtained particles were embedded in a resin and subjected to FIB processing, electron diffraction near the surface was confirmed (FIG. 5), and a polycrystalline diffraction image belonging to R-3m was obtained.
- CO 2 concentration 350 ppm undecarboxylated oxygen atmosphere
- Example 2 After embedding the obtained lithium composite compound particle powder (Example 1, Comparative Examples 1 and 8) in a resin and performing FIB processing, as shown in FIG. 1, the vicinity of the surface (B in FIG. 1) and the inside of the particle Nano-ED (electron beam diffraction) was confirmed for (A in FIG. 1). All samples were confirmed to maintain crystallinity at the center of the particle (FIG. 2).
- Comparative Example 1 Without treatment (Comparative Example 1), as shown in FIG. 4, the crystallinity of the surface is poor, and it is expected that the movement of lithium is inhibited. Also, with heat treatment and without decarboxylation (Comparative Example 8), as shown in FIG. 5, the crystallinity was improved as compared with Comparative Example 1, but it was polycrystalline. In addition, with heat treatment and with decarboxylation (Example 1), as shown in FIG. 3, it was confirmed that the crystallinity was improved and the cycle characteristics were also improved.
- the battery characteristics of the secondary battery produced using the lithium composite compound particle powder according to the present invention have a cycle retention rate of 95% or more, and among the storage characteristics, the swelling of the battery is as small as 20% or less.
- the rate of increase is also as low as 70% or less.
- the lithium composite compound particle powder according to the present invention is suitable as a positive electrode active material for a secondary battery because it has good cycle characteristics and excellent high-temperature storage characteristics as a positive electrode active material for a secondary battery.
- FIG. 2 is a photograph of electron diffraction at the particle center of the lithium composite compound particle powder obtained in Example 1.
- FIG. 2 is a photograph of electron diffraction of the particle surface portion of the lithium composite compound particle powder obtained in Example 1.
- FIG. 4 is a photograph of electron beam diffraction of the particle surface portion of the lithium composite compound particle powder obtained in Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. 6 is a photograph of electron diffraction of the particle surface portion of the lithium composite compound particle powder obtained in Comparative Example 8.
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Abstract
Description
Li1+xNi1-y-zCoyMzO2
Li1+xNi1-y-zCoyMzO2
二次電池のサイクル特性の改善には、正極活物質を構成するリチウム複合化合物粒子粉末の粒子表面での劣化を抑制することが重要であり、高温保存特性などは電池内部でのガス発生をいかに抑制するかが重要となる。
正極活物質と導電剤であるアセチレンブラック及び結着剤のポリフッ化ビニリデンを重量比で85:10:5となるように精秤し、乳鉢で十分に混合してからN-メチル-2-ピロリドンに分散させて正極合剤スラリーを調整した。次に、このスラリーを集電体のアルミニウム箔に150μmの膜厚で塗布し、150℃で真空乾燥してからφ16mmの円板状に打ち抜き正極板とした。
金属リチウム箔をφ16mmの円板状に打ち抜いて負極を作製した。
炭酸エチレンと炭酸ジエチルとの体積比50:50の混合溶液に電解質として六フッ化リン酸リチウム(LiPF6)を1モル/リットル混合して電解液とした。
アルゴン雰囲気のグローブボックス中でSUS316製のケースを用い、上記正極と負極の間にポリプロピレン製のセパレータを介し、さらに電解液を注入してCR2032型のコイン電池を作製した。
前記コイン型電池を用いて、二次電池の充放電試験を行った。測定条件としては、室温で、測定レートを1.0Cとし、カットオフ電圧は3.0~4.3Vの間で充放電を繰り返した。レートが1.0Cの場合、0.2Cなどの場合に比べて短時間で充放電することになり(1Cでは1時間で行うのに対し、0.2Cでは5時間かけて行う。)、大きな電流密度で充放電を行うものである。
コバルトとニッケルとアルミニウムからなる水酸化物に水酸化リチウムを、Li/(Ni+Co+Al)が1.08となるような比率で混合し、酸素雰囲気で750℃で20時間、焼成してリチウム複合化合物粒子粉末を得た。解砕したリチウム複合化合物粒子粉末60gを300mlの水温が10℃の純水に懸濁し、20分間攪拌した後に、濾過、洗浄した。
Li/(Ni+Co+Al)が1.02となるような比率で混合し以降を実施例1と同様の処理で得られた粉末を洗浄、乾燥し、脱炭酸(濃度20ppm)した酸素雰囲気のもと800℃で2時間、熱処理を行った。
Li/(Ni+Co+Al)が1.02となるような比率で混合し以降を実施例1と同様の処理で得られた粉末を洗浄、乾燥し、脱炭酸(濃度20ppm)した空気雰囲気のもと800℃で2時間、熱処理を行った。
コバルトとニッケルとアルミニウムからなる水酸化物とホウ酸に水酸化リチウムを、Li/(Ni+Co+Al+B)が1.07となるような比率で混合し、酸素雰囲気で750℃で20時間、焼成してリチウム複合化合物粒子粉末を得た。解砕したリチウム複合化合物粒子粉末60gを実施例1と同様にして洗浄した。
Li/(Ni+Co+Al+B)が1.10となるような比率で混合し以降を実施例4と同様の処理で得られた粉末を洗浄、乾燥し、脱炭酸(濃度20ppm)した空気雰囲気のもと700℃で2時間、熱処理を行った。
Li/(Ni+Co+Al+B)が1.10となるような比率で混合し以降を実施例4と同様の処理で得られた粉末を洗浄、乾燥し、脱炭酸(濃度20ppm)した酸素雰囲気のもと600℃で2時間、熱処理を行った。
実施例1において、焼成して得られたリチウム複合化合物粒子粉末に洗浄処理を行っていないものである。得られた粒子を樹脂に包埋後、FIB加工を行ったのちに表面近傍の電子線回折を確認したところ(図4)、結晶性の低いR-3mに属する回折像が得られた。
実施例4において、焼成して得られたリチウム複合化合物粒子粉末に洗浄処理を行っていないものである。
実施例1で得られた粉末を洗浄・乾燥処理を行わず、リチウム複合化合物粒子粉末を脱炭酸(濃度20ppm)した酸素雰囲気のもと800℃で2時間熱処理を行った。
実施例2で得られた粉末を洗浄・乾燥処理したリチウム複合化合物粒子粉末を脱炭酸(濃度20ppm)した窒素雰囲気のもと600℃で2時間熱処理を行った。
実施例4で得られた粉末を洗浄・乾燥処理したリチウム複合化合物粒子粉末を脱炭酸(濃度20ppm)した酸素雰囲気のもと300℃で2時間熱処理を行った。
実施例5で得られた粉末を洗浄・乾燥処理したリチウム複合化合物粒子粉末を脱炭酸(濃度20ppm)した窒素雰囲気のもと850℃で2時間熱処理を行った。
実施例5で得られた粉末を洗浄・乾燥処理したリチウム複合化合物粒子粉末を脱炭酸されていない空気雰囲気(CO2濃度350ppm)のもと500℃で2時間熱処理を行った。
実施例5で得られた粉末を洗浄・乾燥処理したリチウム複合化合物粒子粉末を脱炭酸されていない酸素雰囲気(CO2濃度350ppm)のもと800℃で2時間熱処理を行った。得られた粒子を樹脂に包埋後、FIB加工を行ったのちに表面近傍の電子線回折を確認したところ(図5)、多結晶性的なR-3mに属する回折像が得られた。
Claims (10)
- 組成式1で示されるリチウム複合化合物から成るリチウム複合化合物粒子粉末において、該リチウム複合化合物粒子粉末の粒子表面を飛行時間型二次イオン質量分析装置で分析したときの、イオン強度比A(LiO-/NiO2 -)が0.3以下であって、且つ、イオン強度比B(Li3CO3 +/Ni+)が20以下であることを特徴とするリチウム複合化合物粒子粉末。
組成式1:
Li1+xNi1-y-zCoyMzO2
M=B,Alの少なくとも1種以上、-0.02≦x≦0.02、0<y≦0.20、0<z≦0.10 - 平均2次粒子径が1~30μm以下である請求項1記載のリチウム複合化合物粒子粉末。
- リチウム複合化合物粒子粉末を水に分散させた2重量%の懸濁溶液における粉体pHが11.0以下である請求項1又は2記載のリチウム複合化合物粒子粉末。
- カーボン含有率が300ppm以下である請求項1~3のいずれかに記載のリチウム複合化合物粒子粉末。
- 硫黄含有率が100ppm以下であって、イオン強度比C(LiSO3 -/NiO2 -)が0.3以下であり、且つ、ナトリウム含有量が100ppm以下である請求項1~4のいずれかに記載のリチウム複合化合物粒子粉末。
- 炭酸リチウム成分の含有量が0.30重量%以下であり、かつ水酸化リチウムの含有量が0.30重量%以下である請求項1~5のいずれかに記載のリチウム複合化合物粒子粉末。
- 比表面積が0.05~0.7m2/gである請求項1~6のいずれかに記載のリチウム複合化合物粒子粉末。
- 請求項1~7のいずれかに記載のリチウム複合化合物粒子粉末の製造方法であって、当該製造方法は、リチウム複合化合物粒子粉末を水溶媒で不純物を除去する工程(1)、該工程(1)を経たリチウム複合化合物粒子粉末を熱処理する工程(2)から成り、前記工程(1)において、用いるリチウム複合化合物粒子粉末の遷移金属とアルミニウムとホウ素との総モル数に対するリチウムの総モル数の比が1.02以上1.10以下であるリチウム複合化合物粒子粉末の製造方法。
- 前記工程(2)の熱処理が、温度範囲500℃~850℃で、炭酸濃度100ppm以下の空気中又は酸素中の雰囲気下で行われる請求項8記載の製造方法。
- 請求項1~7のいずれかに記載のリチウム複合化合物粒子粉末を用いた非水電解液二次電池。
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JP2016084279A (ja) | 2016-05-19 |
KR20110094023A (ko) | 2011-08-19 |
EP2368851A1 (en) | 2011-09-28 |
JP6380608B2 (ja) | 2018-08-29 |
CN102239118A (zh) | 2011-11-09 |
KR20170106519A (ko) | 2017-09-20 |
US9455444B2 (en) | 2016-09-27 |
US20110281168A1 (en) | 2011-11-17 |
JP2010155775A (ja) | 2010-07-15 |
JP2017200875A (ja) | 2017-11-09 |
KR101970909B1 (ko) | 2019-04-19 |
EP2368851A4 (en) | 2015-05-13 |
CN102239118B (zh) | 2016-11-09 |
EP2368851B1 (en) | 2018-05-16 |
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