WO2009157320A1 - 冷凍サイクル装置及び空気調和装置 - Google Patents
冷凍サイクル装置及び空気調和装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009157320A1 WO2009157320A1 PCT/JP2009/060726 JP2009060726W WO2009157320A1 WO 2009157320 A1 WO2009157320 A1 WO 2009157320A1 JP 2009060726 W JP2009060726 W JP 2009060726W WO 2009157320 A1 WO2009157320 A1 WO 2009157320A1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F25B49/005—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices of safety devices
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
- C09K5/041—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems
- C09K5/044—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds
- C09K5/045—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds containing only fluorine as halogen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
- C09K2205/10—Components
- C09K2205/12—Hydrocarbons
- C09K2205/126—Unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbons
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B13/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
- F25B2313/027—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for characterised by the reversing means
- F25B2313/02741—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for characterised by the reversing means using one four-way valve
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
- F25B2400/12—Inflammable refrigerants
- F25B2400/121—Inflammable refrigerants using R1234
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
- F25B2500/07—Exceeding a certain pressure value in a refrigeration component or cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
- F25B2500/19—Calculation of parameters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2600/00—Control issues
- F25B2600/02—Compressor control
- F25B2600/021—Inverters therefor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2600/00—Control issues
- F25B2600/11—Fan speed control
- F25B2600/111—Fan speed control of condenser fans
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
- F25B2700/19—Pressures
- F25B2700/191—Pressures near an expansion valve
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
- F25B2700/19—Pressures
- F25B2700/193—Pressures of the compressor
- F25B2700/1931—Discharge pressures
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
- F25B2700/21—Temperatures
- F25B2700/2116—Temperatures of a condenser
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/002—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an air conditioner such as a building multi air conditioner, a room air conditioner, and a packaged air conditioner, and a refrigeration cycle apparatus constituting a refrigeration cycle such as a refrigerator.
- a refrigeration cycle apparatus using a refrigeration cycle such as an air conditioner, a refrigeration apparatus, or a hot water supply apparatus basically includes a compressor, a condenser (heat exchanger), an expansion valve, and an evaporator (heat exchange).
- a refrigerant circuit for circulating the refrigerant is used. Then, when the refrigerant evaporates and condenses, the air exchange operation, cooling operation, heating operation, etc. are performed while changing the pressure in the pipe by utilizing the heat (radiation) and cooling (heat absorption) for the heat exchange target. Yes.
- a single refrigerant such as HCFC-22 (CHClF 2 ) or HFC-134a (CF 3 CH 2 F), which is a chemically stable substance, HFC R-410A, which is a mixture of -32 (CH 2 F 2 ) and HFC-125 (CF 3 CHF 2 ), HFC-32 (CH 2 F 2 ), HFC-125 (CF 3 CHF 2 ) and HFC-134a (A mixed refrigerant such as R-407C, which is a mixture of CF 3 CH 2 F) was used (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- the global warming potential (GWP: the degree of causing global warming to a substance that is a greenhouse gas) is related to carbon dioxide.
- GWP the degree of causing global warming to a substance that is a greenhouse gas
- Refrigerants that are as small as possible that have a coefficient determined based on internationally recognized knowledge as a numerical value indicating the ratio to the degree.
- the refrigerant is decomposed during use (hereinafter, the refrigerant is decomposed), so that it does not function as the refrigerant. There was no need to do.
- the refrigerant having a double bond as described above is a chemically unstable refrigerant, there is a high possibility that the refrigerant is decomposed and deteriorated in a normal usage method. For example, even in the case of a mixed refrigerant, it may not function as the whole mixed refrigerant by being decomposed, degraded, or caused by another refrigerant, and as a result, the refrigeration cycle apparatus may not be used normally.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and uses a refrigerant containing a chemically unstable substance, such as a refrigerant having a double bond, as a refrigerant circulating in the refrigeration circuit. Even in such a case, an object is to obtain a refrigeration cycle apparatus and the like that can prevent the decomposition of the refrigerant and maintain normal operation for a long period of time.
- a refrigeration cycle apparatus includes a compressor for compressing a refrigerant containing a substance having a double bond, a condenser for condensing the refrigerant by heat exchange, an expansion means for depressurizing the condensed refrigerant, and a decompression
- a refrigerant circuit for circulating the refrigerant by connecting a pipe to an evaporator that evaporates the generated refrigerant by heat exchange, and the pressure value of the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit is less than the critical pressure of the substance having a double bond
- a control means for controlling the operation of the refrigerant circuit is provided.
- the control means when configuring a refrigerant circuit that circulates a refrigerant containing a substance having a double bond, has a pressure value of the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit having a double bond. Since the operation of the refrigerant circuit is controlled so that it is less than the critical pressure of the substance, in a refrigerant containing a substance having a chemically unstable double bond, the substance having a double bond exceeds the critical pressure. The substance itself having a double bond decomposes as a result, or the other substance exceeds the critical pressure and attacks the substance having a double bond so that it does not function as a refrigerant. It can be effectively suppressed.
- the performance of the refrigeration cycle apparatus can be maintained for a long time, and further reliability can be ensured.
- a refrigeration cycle apparatus that can effectively use a refrigerant containing a substance having a double bond, which has a low global warming potential and is suitable for the environment.
- FIG. 2 is a Ph diagram of the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a configuration including a system according to control in the first embodiment.
- FIG. The figure showing the structure of the air conditioning apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 2 of this invention.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of a refrigeration cycle apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- the refrigeration cycle apparatus has a compressor 21, a condenser 22, a condenser fan 31, an expansion means 23, an evaporator 24, an evaporator fan 32, and a pressure detection means 41.
- the refrigerant circuit is comprised by connecting the compressor 21, the condenser 22, the expansion means 23, and the evaporator 24 with piping.
- a mixed refrigerant in which at least one kind of refrigerant containing a substance having a double bond in an interatomic bond is mixed is sealed as a refrigerant that becomes a medium for transferring heat in the refrigerant circuit.
- the refrigerant will be described later.
- Compressor 21 sucks in refrigerant to circulate through the refrigerant circuit, compresses and boosts the pressure.
- any of various types such as reciprocating, rotary, scroll, and screw may be used for the compressor 21.
- the condenser 22 exchanges heat between a gas (gas) refrigerant discharged from the compressor 21 (hereinafter referred to as a gas refrigerant) and a heat exchange target (referred to as air in the present embodiment). The air is heated by releasing the amount of heat it has.
- the condenser fan 31 sends air to the condenser 22 to efficiently exchange heat with the refrigerant.
- the expansion means 23 is composed of, for example, an electronic expansion valve, a temperature expansion valve, a capillary tube, etc., and adjusts the flow rate of the refrigerant that passes therethrough to reduce (depressurize) the refrigerant pressure.
- the evaporator 24 is a gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant (a refrigerant in which a gas refrigerant and a liquid refrigerant (hereinafter referred to as a liquid refrigerant) are mixed) whose pressure has been lowered by the expansion means 23 and a heat exchange target (also air here). Heat exchange is performed with the refrigerant, and the refrigerant absorbs the amount of heat and evaporates to gasify. The air is cooled.
- the evaporator fan 32 is also provided in order to efficiently perform heat exchange between the air and the refrigerant in the evaporator 24.
- the condenser fan 31 and the evaporator fan 32 are used to exchange heat with air.
- the pressure detection means 41 which is a pressure sensor, is provided on the refrigerant outlet (discharge) side of the compressor 21, which is the highest pressure portion in the refrigerant circuit.
- the base signal is transmitted to the control means or the like as will be described later.
- the level of the pressure in the refrigerant circuit is not determined by the relationship with the reference pressure, but is expressed as a relative pressure that can be generated by the compression of the compressor 21, the refrigerant flow control of the expansion means 23, and the like. To do. The same applies to the temperature level.
- FIG. 1 the case where there is one condenser 22 and one evaporator 24 is described as an example, but the number of connections of the condenser 22 and evaporator 24 in the refrigerant circuit is not limited to one. For example, a plurality of units can be connected in parallel. Moreover, although the case where there is only one compressor 21 has been described as an example, for example, a plurality of compressors 21 may be connected in series or in parallel.
- FIG. 2 is a Ph diagram relating to a refrigerant circuit constituted by the refrigeration cycle apparatus of FIG.
- the pressure and enthalpy at points a, b, c, and d shown in FIG. 2 represent the pressure and enthalpy at corresponding locations in the refrigeration cycle apparatus of FIG.
- the high-temperature refrigerant compressed by the compressor 21 and having a pressure Pa on the outlet (discharge) side passes through the pipe and is sent to the condenser 22.
- the refrigerant that has passed through the condenser 22 is condensed and liquefied by exchanging heat with the air sent by the condenser fan 31. At this time, the refrigerant dissipates heat, thereby heating the heat exchange target. Due to the pressure loss generated in this process, the pressure of the refrigerant is slightly lower than Pa and becomes Pb.
- the liquefied refrigerant is sent to the expansion means 23.
- the liquid refrigerant is depressurized by passing through the expansion means 23 and is sent to the evaporator 24 as a gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant.
- the gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant that has passed through the evaporator 24 is evaporated and gasified by exchanging heat with the air sent by the evaporator fan 32.
- the gasified refrigerant is sucked into the compressor 21 again.
- the flow path of the refrigerant from the compressor 21 to the expansion means 23 is a high-pressure side flow path, and a flow path having a relatively high pressure in the refrigerant circuit.
- the pressure Pa of the refrigerant on the outlet side of the compressor 21 is the highest in the refrigerant circuit
- the pressure Pb of the refrigerant on the inlet side of the expansion means 23 is due to pressure loss in the condenser 22 and the connection pipe.
- the pressure is slightly lower than Pa.
- control for suppressing the pressure of the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit is performed by the constituent means of the refrigeration cycle apparatus, but the refrigerant pressure here is basically The refrigerant pressure Pa at the outlet side of the compressor 21 is assumed.
- critical pressure which is the pressure Pcr in FIG. 2
- the refrigerant In a state where the pressure is high, the refrigerant becomes a supercritical state which is neither liquid nor gas.
- the refrigerant In a supercritical state, the refrigerant exhibits different properties from those in the gas state or the liquid state. In the supercritical state, even if the substance is stable in normal use, it has a property of decomposing and a property of dissolving various substances well. Due to this high solubility and reactivity, it is necessary to consider the material of the container and the seal in the compressor 21 and the like.
- a mixed refrigerant configured as a mixture of a plurality of refrigerants is considered.
- the mixed refrigerant that is often used includes R-410A, which is a mixture of HFC-32 and HFC-125, and R-407C, which is a mixture of HFC-32, HFC-125, and HFC-134a.
- HFC-32 is CH 2 F 2
- HFC-125 is CF 3 CHF 2
- HFC-134a is CF 3 CH 2 F. Since these refrigerants are chemically stable and remain as a global warming gas for a long period of time, the global warming coefficient indicating the ratio contributing to global warming is a relatively large value.
- a refrigerant made of a substance having a double bond may be mixed with another refrigerant.
- a mixed refrigerant in which a plurality of refrigerants made of a substance having a double bond with a low global warming potential is mixed.
- a single bond such as HFC-32, HFC-125, HFC-134a, etc. It can also be mixed with a refrigerant made of a substance bonded by (single bond) or other refrigerant.
- a substance having a double bond has a chemically unstable property, and a refrigerant made of such a substance is easily decomposed by the influence of light, ozone, etc. in the atmosphere, for example. There is. Therefore, since it does not exist as a global warming gas for a long period of time, the influence on global warming is small, and these have a relatively small value of the global warming coefficient. Further, not only in the atmosphere but also in the refrigerant circuit, a single refrigerant of a refrigerant made of a substance having a double bond or a mixed refrigerant containing a refrigerant made of a substance having a double bond (a refrigerant having a double bond) is circulated in the refrigerant circuit. Even when encapsulated for use as a refrigerant (working fluid), the double bond is decomposed in the refrigerant circuit, and there is a risk that it will not function as a refrigerant.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of decomposition of CF 3 CF ⁇ CH 2 .
- the decomposition of the double bond will be described by taking the decomposition of CF 3 CF ⁇ CH 2 as an example.
- CF 3 CF ⁇ CH 2 causes a chemical change as shown in FIG.
- CF 3 CF CH between molecules of 2 polymerized molecular weight of greater CF 3 CFCH 2 (CF 3 CFCH 2) may become a form of a polymer compound that nH.
- This polymer compound becomes sludge in the refrigerant circuit and circulates together with the refrigerant, and causes, for example, valve clogging in an expansion means that narrows the flow path.
- water when water is present in the refrigerant circuit, it becomes an alcohol showing acidity in the form of CF 3 CFCOHCH 3 , and may become sludge.
- moisture content in a refrigerant circuit it is normally made to adsorb
- it may become an acid in the form of CH 3 CFHC ⁇ OOH and its properties may be changed, so that it may not function as a refrigerant.
- a refrigerant having a double bond when used as a refrigerant (working fluid) that circulates in the refrigerant circuit, it must be used in a state in which air, light, and other causes that promote the decomposition of the refrigerant are eliminated as much as possible. become.
- the mixed refrigerant has different heat-related properties for each of the constituting refrigerants, has different refrigeration cycles (Ph diagrams), and has different critical points.
- each refrigerant circulates in the refrigerant circuit by repeating condensation and evaporation.
- the critical pressure of the refrigerant having the lowest critical point is referred to as the lowest critical pressure.
- the critical pressure of the refrigerant is, for example, 5.78 MPa for HFC-32, 3.616 MPa for HFC-125, 4.048 MPa for HFC-134a, and about 3.3 MPa for CF 3 CF ⁇ CH 2 . Therefore, when the refrigerants of HFC-32, HFC-125 and CF 3 CF ⁇ CH 2 are mixed, the critical pressure of CF 3 CF ⁇ CH 2 is the smallest, and CF 3 CF ⁇ CH 2 itself exceeds the first. It becomes a critical state.
- each refrigerant is not decomposed and the like in the refrigerant circuit for a long time. It can circulate and repeat condensation, evaporation, etc.
- the refrigerant having a low critical pressure enters a supercritical state and circulates in the refrigerant circuit with other refrigerants in the supercritical state.
- the refrigerant When the refrigerant enters a supercritical state, as described above, even if it is usually a stable substance, it has the property of decomposing other substances. For this reason, in the mixed refrigerant, if there is a refrigerant in a supercritical state exceeding the critical pressure, other refrigerants are attacked to try to decompose.
- the refrigerant pressure on the high pressure side becomes higher than the lowest critical pressure, and some refrigerants are in a supercritical state. Even if it becomes, it does not decompose
- a refrigerant composed of a substance having a double bond such as CF 3 CF ⁇ CH 2
- a refrigerant other than the refrigerant composed of a substance having a double bond enters a supercritical state
- the refrigerant in a supercritical state since it attacks a refrigerant made of a substance having a chemically unstable double bond, the refrigerant is decomposed and stable performance cannot be maintained. If all the refrigerant is decomposed, the mixed refrigerant does not function as a refrigerant at all.
- the refrigerant pressure in all positions of the refrigerant circuit is always kept below the lowest critical pressure, and no refrigerant enters a supercritical state. It is essential to control to circulate.
- the refrigerant in the supercritical state attacks itself. Therefore, the above is the same even when the critical pressure of another refrigerant is higher than that of a refrigerant made of a substance having a double bond, or when only a refrigerant made of a substance having a double bond is used as the refrigerant.
- the flow path on the high pressure side in the refrigerant circuit is a flow path from the compressor 21 to the expansion means 23.
- the compressor 21 compresses and boosts the pressure in the compressor 21. Therefore, in a general refrigeration cycle apparatus, the pressure on the outlet (discharge) side of the compressor 21 is the highest in the refrigerant circuit.
- a pressure detection means 41 is installed on the outlet side of the compressor 21, and a refrigeration cycle apparatus that controls the pressure based on the signal from the pressure detection means 41 so as not to exceed the minimum critical pressure is obtained. .
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a refrigeration cycle apparatus including a system according to the control of the present embodiment.
- the control means 53 performs the process for controlling the operation
- the high pressure value the value of the refrigerant pressure at the highest pressure in the refrigerant circuit
- processing is performed.
- the pressure storage means 51 stores data of a plurality of high pressure values at regular intervals for a predetermined period in the past.
- the critical pressure storage means 52 is a means for storing a pressure value set based on the above-mentioned minimum critical pressure in the mixed refrigerant. Here, it is assumed that two values of the first pressure value and the second pressure value are stored.
- FIG. 5 is a view showing a flow chart of pressure control performed by the control means 53. Based on FIG.4 and FIG.5, operation
- the control means 53 compares the high pressure value with the first pressure value stored in the critical pressure storage means 52 (ST2).
- the first pressure value is, for example, a critical pressure having a double bond in consideration of a detection error of the pressure included in the high pressure value, the pressure of the refrigerant in the compressor 21, and the like.
- a value obtained by subtracting a predetermined value ⁇ as a margin from the value of the lowest critical pressure is set as the first pressure value so as to be less than the value.
- the first pressure value is lower than the lowest critical pressure.
- the value of the predetermined value ⁇ can be arbitrarily determined, but here is set to 0.2 (Mpa), for example.
- the control means 53 controls the compressor 21 to rapidly reduce the refrigerant pressure on the high pressure side of the refrigerant circuit (ST3). Prevent the refrigerant from being decomposed.
- the compressor 21 for example, when the compressor 21 is a compressor having an inverter circuit, the compressor frequency is rapidly decreased.
- the compressor 21 is a compressor having a fixed compressor frequency, the operation is temporarily stopped.
- the control unit 53 may calculate the predicted value based on not only the three-point prediction method but also other methods.
- the control means 53 compares the calculated predicted value with the second pressure value stored in the critical pressure storage means 52 (ST5).
- a value obtained by subtracting a predetermined value ⁇ as a margin from the value of the lowest critical pressure is taken into consideration as a second pressure value in consideration of a detection error of the pressure included in the high pressure value.
- the second pressure value is also lower than the lowest critical pressure.
- the value of the predetermined value ⁇ can be arbitrarily determined, but here, for example, 0.5 (Mpa).
- the first pressure value and the second pressure value are different, but they may be the same value. In some cases, it is also possible to perform only one of the comparison between the high pressure value and the first pressure value and the comparison between the predicted value and the second pressure value.
- the control means 53 is one or more of the compressor 21, the condenser fan 31, the evaporator fan 32, and the expansion means 23 of the refrigeration cycle apparatus.
- the operation of a plurality of means is controlled (ST5).
- the pressure of the refrigerant on the high-pressure side of the refrigerant circuit is reduced so that the pressure does not exceed the lowest critical pressure and the refrigerant is not decomposed.
- the control for reducing the refrigerant pressure performed by the control means 53 for example, when the compressor 21 is a compressor having an inverter circuit, the compressor frequency is lowered by a certain number (for example, 10 Hz). .
- the number of heats of the refrigerant in the condenser 22 is released by increasing the rotational speed of the fan. Further, the opening degree of the expansion means 23 is increased, and the pressure on the high pressure side is decreased. And about the evaporator fan 32, the rotation speed of a fan is decreased and absorption of the heat amount by the refrigerant
- the control means 53 repeats the above process, and controls each means of the refrigeration cycle apparatus so that even one kind of refrigerant constituting the mixed refrigerant circulating in the refrigerant circuit is not decomposed.
- the case where the pressure detection means 41 is installed at the outlet portion of the compressor 21 has been described as an example, but the installation position is not limited to the outlet portion.
- the pressure loss from the outlet of the compressor 21 to the condenser 22 or the expansion means 23 can be calculated from the pipe diameter, pipe length, refrigerant flow rate, and the like.
- the pressure detection means 41 generally uses a pressure sensor that transmits a signal corresponding to the detected pressure, such as a semiconductor type or a strain gauge type.
- the pressure detecting means 41 is not limited to such a pressure sensor.
- a pressure switch that outputs an ON signal when a predetermined pressure is reached may be used. In this case, the control means 53 does not need to determine the high pressure value.
- a value slightly lower than the lowest critical pressure is set in the pressure switch as a predetermined pressure, and the compressor is turned on by an ON signal output from the pressure switch at a predetermined pressure. Wiring can also be arranged so that the compression operation 21 stops.
- the pressure storage means 51, the critical pressure storage means 52, and the control means 53 as the high pressure control means in the present embodiment are not necessary, an inexpensive control system can be configured.
- the compressor 21 repeatedly starts and stops near the lowest critical pressure. For this reason, there is a possibility that the cooling capacity or the heating capacity cannot be fully exhibited, so it is desirable to use a pressure sensor.
- a temperature detection unit such as a temperature sensor is installed near the center of the condenser 22 instead of the pressure detection unit 41 so as to detect the condensation temperature, and the refrigerant pressure on the high pressure side is set based on the condensation temperature. You may make it calculate.
- the refrigerant in order to detect the condensation temperature, basically, the refrigerant needs to be in a gas-liquid two-phase state at the position where the temperature detection means is installed. The temperature detection accuracy can be improved, and the pressure detection accuracy can also be increased.
- the control means 53 sets the pressure on the outlet side of the compressor 21, which is the highest pressure portion in the refrigerant circuit, based on the lowest critical pressure in the material constituting the refrigerant. If it is determined that the pressure value is greater than the first pressure value, for example, the compressor frequency of the compressor 21 is suddenly decreased or the compressor 21 is stopped so that the minimum critical pressure is not exceeded.
- a refrigerant containing a substance having an unstable double bond is attacked by the decomposition of the substance having a double bond itself or the decomposition of the substance of another refrigerant in the mixed refrigerant, so that it does not function as a refrigerant. prevent Door can be. Therefore, the performance of the refrigeration cycle apparatus can be maintained for a long time, and further reliability can be ensured.
- the pressure can be reduced by other means, but in order to reduce the pressure on the outlet side of the compressor 21, the compressor frequency of the compressor 21 is suddenly reduced or the compressor 21 is stopped. That is the most effective.
- the HFO refrigerant such as tetrafluoropropylene used as the refrigerant at this time is preferable from the viewpoint of the environment because, for example, carbon dioxide, which is a natural refrigerant, has the same global warming potential.
- the predicted value of the refrigerant pressure at the outlet side of the compressor 21 after a certain time is calculated by, for example, a three-point prediction method.
- the pressure of the refrigerant is lowered by the control. Therefore, the tendency of the pressure of the refrigerant is judged, and a response corresponding to the judgment is made so that the pressure does not exceed the minimum critical pressure.
- the pressure of the refrigerant can be prevented from being decomposed.
- coolant in the exit side of the compressor 21 can be effectively reduced by controlling the fan 31 for condensers, the fan 32 for evaporators, etc. combining 1 or multiple.
- FIG. FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of an air-conditioning apparatus according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- an air conditioner such as a building multi-air conditioner will be described as a representative example of the refrigeration cycle apparatus in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 6 means and the like denoted by the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 1 are means for performing basically the same operations as those described above.
- the control means 53 in this Embodiment performs the process for controlling the operation
- the air conditioner of FIG. 6 has one outdoor unit 60 and two indoor units 61a and 61b.
- the outdoor unit 60 includes a compressor 21, an outdoor heat exchanger 25, a four-way valve 27, an accumulator 28, an outdoor heat exchanger fan 33, and pressure detection means 41.
- the indoor units 61a and 61b have expansion means 23a and 23b, indoor heat exchangers 26a and 26b, and indoor heat exchanger fans 34a and 34b, respectively. Unless otherwise distinguished, the indoor units 61a and 61b and their constituent means will be described with the subscripts omitted (the same applies hereinafter).
- the outdoor heat exchanger 25 functions as the condenser 22 in the first embodiment during the cooling operation in which the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 21 flows by switching the four-way valve 27, and as the evaporator 24 during the heating operation. It functions and exchanges heat between air and refrigerant.
- the indoor heat exchangers 26a and 26b function as the evaporator 24 during the cooling operation, function as the condenser 22 during the heating operation, and Exchanges heat between indoor air and refrigerant.
- the accumulator 28 is a means for storing surplus refrigerant.
- a receiver may be attached to the outlet side of the heat exchanger serving as the condenser 22 to store the liquid refrigerant.
- the outdoor heat exchanger fan 33 and the indoor heat exchanger fans 34a and 34b are provided to efficiently perform heat exchange between the air and the refrigerant.
- the inside of a refrigerant circuit shall be circulated using the refrigerant
- the arrows along the refrigerant circuit shown in FIG. 6 represent the refrigerant flow during the heating operation.
- the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant pressurized and discharged by the compression of the compressor 21 passes through the four-way valve 27 and the piping and flows into the indoor unit 61.
- the indoor unit 61 the refrigerant that has passed through the indoor heat exchanger 26 is condensed and liquefied.
- the refrigerant radiates heat to the indoor air sent by the indoor heat exchanger fan 34, thereby heating the indoor air to be heat exchanged.
- the heated room air is supplied to the room as warm air.
- the liquefied refrigerant is decompressed by passing through the expansion means 23. Then, the decompressed refrigerant is evaporated and gasified by passing through the outdoor heat exchanger 25. The gasified refrigerant is sucked into the compressor 21 again.
- the expansion means 23 of the indoor unit 61 controls the flow rate of the refrigerant passing through the indoor heat exchanger 26. For example, when the temperature of the air-conditioning target space where the indoor unit 61 is installed reaches the target temperature, the indoor unit 61 is in a thermo-off state, the indoor heat exchanger fan 34 is stopped, and the expansion means 23 is fully closed. .
- fully closed means a minimum opening degree that does not allow the refrigerant to flow. Therefore, the refrigerant does not pass through the indoor heat exchanger 26 in the thermo-off state.
- the indoor heat exchanger 26 functions as a condenser.
- the expansion means 23 of the indoor unit 61 is used. Is fully closed, and the refrigerant does not pass through the indoor heat exchanger 26. For this reason, the number of condensers (heat exchangers on the high pressure side) decreases rapidly, and the pressure of the refrigerant on the high pressure side increases.
- the indoor unit 61 is in a thermo-off state, and feedback control is performed so that the increased pressure of the refrigerant on the high-pressure side approaches the target pressure.
- feedback control is performed so that the increased pressure of the refrigerant on the high-pressure side approaches the target pressure.
- an overshoot of the refrigerant pressure must be prevented in order to prevent the refrigerant from being decomposed.
- the expansion unit 23 is fully closed.
- the operation of the means constituting the refrigeration cycle apparatus is controlled so that the refrigerant pressure on the high pressure side of the refrigerant circuit is reduced. This prevents the refrigerant pressure from exceeding the minimum critical pressure and prevents the refrigerant from being decomposed.
- the compressor 21 is a compressor having an inverter circuit
- controlling the operation of the compressor 21 is most effective and effective in reducing the pressure.
- the compressor 21 and the outdoor heat exchanger fan 33 may be controlled in combination.
- a plurality of indoor units 61 are connected in parallel, and for example, the indoor heat exchanger 26 included in the indoor unit 61 functions as a condenser as in a heating operation.
- the indoor heat exchanger 26 included in the indoor unit 61 functions as a condenser as in a heating operation.
- the control means 53 is connected to, for example, the compressor before or after the expansion means 23 is fully closed.
- a refrigerant containing a substance having a chemically unstable double bond is In decomposition or mixed refrigerant substance itself having binding are decomposed under attack by the decomposition of substances other refrigerant can be prevented from not function as a refrigerant. Therefore, the performance of the refrigeration cycle apparatus can be maintained for a long time, and further reliability can be ensured.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of an air-conditioning apparatus according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- An air conditioner will be described in the present embodiment.
- means and the like denoted by the same reference numerals as those in FIGS. 1 and 6 are means for performing basically the same operation as the operation described above.
- the side opposite to the indoor heat exchangers 26a and 26b with respect to the expansion means 23a and 23b (the side on which the liquid refrigerant or the gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant flows, the upstream side during the cooling operation)
- the channel opening / closing means 29a and 29b are installed at the respective positions.
- the flow path opening / closing means 29a and 29b are means for adjusting (controlling) the flow rate of the refrigerant in the same manner as the expansion means 23a and 23b. However, fine flow rate control cannot be performed unlike the expansion means 23a and 23b, and the refrigerant is allowed to pass if it is opened and not allowed to pass if it is closed. Further, pressure detection means 42a and 42b are installed between the expansion means 23a and 23b and the flow path opening / closing means 29a and 29b. It is assumed that the control means 53 also performs the control in the present embodiment.
- the expansion means 23 of the indoor unit 61 controls the flow rate of the refrigerant flowing into the indoor heat exchanger 26 and passing therethrough.
- the expansion unit 23 is controlled so as to gradually reduce the opening area.
- the flow path opening / closing means 29 is closed so that the refrigerant does not flow into the indoor heat exchanger 26.
- the expansion means 23 is throttled until the refrigerant flow rate becomes zero, it is considered that the expansion means 23 is fully closed.
- the liquid refrigerant is confined in the pipe between the flow path opening / closing means 29 and the expansion means 23.
- the encapsulated liquid refrigerant is gasified when heated from the surroundings, and its volume increases at a stretch. As the refrigerant gasifies (vaporizes), the pressure of the refrigerant rises at once. Thus, there is a possibility that the pressure rises in the portion where the refrigerant (especially liquid refrigerant) is sealed, so that the minimum critical pressure is exceeded and the refrigerant is decomposed.
- the pressure detection means 42 is installed between the flow path opening / closing means 29 and the expansion means 23, and the refrigerant pressure detected by the pressure detection means 42 exceeds the minimum critical pressure. Before, the opening area of the expansion means 23 is increased to prevent the refrigerant from being placed in a sealed state, and the refrigerant is prevented from being decomposed due to an increase in pressure.
- the space between the flow path opening / closing means 29 and the expansion means 23 is sealed, heat is applied from the outside, and no problem occurs unless the liquid in the sealed section evaporates and gasifies, and the refrigerant evaporates. Therefore, even if the space between the flow path opening / closing means 29 and the expansion means 23 is sealed, the refrigerant pressure does not increase immediately. Therefore, the piping between the expansion means 23 and the flow path opening / closing means 29 is sealed by the control means 53 without providing the pressure detection means 42 between the flow path opening / closing means 29 and the expansion means 23. If the control is performed so that the flow path opening / closing means 29 or the expansion means 23 is opened after a predetermined time has elapsed, it is possible to prevent an increase in pressure and obtain the same effect.
- the refrigerant circuit has a structure capable of sealing the refrigerant in addition to between the expansion means 23 and the flow path opening / closing means 29 (for example, a plurality of expansion means are connected in series by piping).
- a plurality of expansion means are connected in series by piping.
- the refrigerant is sealed by controlling the refrigerant flow rate with a plurality of means, for example, between the expansion means 23 and the flow path opening / closing means 29.
- the control means 53 is controlled to open at least one (here, the expansion means 23)
- the sudden increase in the pressure of the refrigerant in the sealed state is prevented and the minimum critical pressure is not exceeded.
- the control means 53 can make a more detailed judgment on the sealing of the refrigerant. For example, if the control means 53 determines the state in control of the expansion means 23 and the flow path opening / closing means 29 and determines that the space between the expansion means 23 and the flow path opening / closing means 29 is in a sealed state, for example, a certain period of time. Since control is performed so that at least one of them is opened and the sealed state is released later, it is not necessary to provide the pressure detecting means 42, which can contribute to cost reduction.
- Embodiment 4 the mixed refrigerant has been described.
- the present invention can also be applied to a case where the refrigerant is a single refrigerant made of a substance having a double bond, for example.
- the lowest critical pressure is a critical pressure in a single refrigerant made of a substance having a double bond.
- it is applicable not only to the substance having a double bond but also to the case of containing a refrigerant made of a chemically unstable substance.
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Abstract
Description
図1は本発明の実施の形態1に係る冷凍サイクル装置の構成を示す図である。図1において、冷凍サイクル装置は、圧縮機21、凝縮器22、凝縮器用ファン31、膨張手段23、蒸発器24、蒸発器用ファン32及び圧力検出手段41を有している。そして、圧縮機21、凝縮器22、膨張手段23及び蒸発器24を配管で接続することにより冷媒回路を構成している。ここで本実施の形態では、冷媒回路内において熱を搬送する媒体となる冷媒として、原子間の結合において二重結合を有する物質を含む冷媒を少なくとも1種類混合した混合冷媒を封入する。冷媒については後述する。
図6は本発明の実施の形態2に係る空気調和装置の構成を表す図である。本実施の形態では、実施の形態1における冷凍サイクル装置の代表例としてビル用マルチエアコン等の空気調和装置について説明する。図6において、図1と同じ符号を付している手段等は、上述した説明の動作と基本的には同じ動作を行う手段である。ここで、本実施の形態における制御手段53は、室内機61a及び61bの運転状態に基づいて冷凍サイクル装置の各手段(特に室外機60側の手段)の動作を制御するための処理を行う。
図7は本発明の実施の形態3に係る空気調和装置の構成を表す図である。本実施の形態において空気調和装置について説明する。図7において、図1、図6と同じ符号を付している手段等は、上述した説明の動作と基本的には同じ動作を行う手段である。図7では、室内機61a及び61bにおいて、膨張手段23a、23bを中心として室内熱交換器26a、26bと反対側(液冷媒又は気液二相冷媒が流れる側、冷房運転時の上流側)となる位置に、それぞれ流路開閉手段29a、29bを設置している。流路開閉手段29a、29bは、膨張手段23a、23bと同じように、冷媒の流量を調整(制御)するための手段である。ただ、膨張手段23a、23bのように細かな流量制御を行うことができず、開けば冷媒を通過させ閉じれば通過させないようにするものである。また、膨張手段23a、23bと流路開閉手段29a、29bとの間に圧力検出手段42a、42bを設置する。本実施の形態における制御についても制御手段53が行うものとする。
上述の実施の形態においては、混合冷媒について述べたが、例えば二重結合を有する物質からなる冷媒の単一冷媒である場合にも適用することができる。この場合の最低臨界圧は、二重結合を有する物質からなる単一冷媒における臨界圧力となる。また、二重結合を有する物質に限らず、化学的に不安定な物質からなる冷媒を含む場合についても適用することができる。
Claims (11)
- 二重結合を有する物質を含む冷媒を圧縮する圧縮機と、
熱交換により前記冷媒を凝縮させる凝縮器と、
凝縮された冷媒を減圧させるための膨張手段と、
減圧された前記冷媒を熱交換により蒸発させる蒸発器と
を配管接続して前記冷媒を循環させる冷媒回路を構成し、
この冷媒回路内の前記冷媒の圧力が、前記二重結合を有する物質の臨界圧力未満となるように、前記冷媒回路の動作を制御する制御手段を備えることを特徴とする冷凍サイクル装置。 - 二重結合を有する物質を含む冷媒を圧縮する圧縮機と、
熱交換により前記冷媒を凝縮させる凝縮器と、
凝縮された冷媒を減圧させるための膨張手段と、
減圧された前記冷媒を熱交換により蒸発させる蒸発器と
を配管接続して前記冷媒を循環させる冷媒回路を構成し、
該冷媒回路内の前記冷媒の圧力の値が、前記冷媒を構成する物質において最も低い臨界圧力に基づいて設定した圧力値以下となるように、前記冷媒回路を構成する手段の動作を制御する制御手段を備えることを特徴とする冷凍サイクル装置。 - 前記圧縮機の出口側から前記膨張手段の入口に至る流路のいずれかの位置に設けられ、検出した圧力に基づく信号を送信する高圧側圧力検出手段をさらに備え、
前記制御手段は、前記高圧側圧力検出手段の信号に基づく圧力値が、第1の圧力値より大きいと判断すると、前記圧縮機の圧縮機周波数を低下させる又は前記圧縮機を停止させることを特徴とする請求項1または請求項2に記載の冷凍サイクル装置。 - 一定時間分の前記高圧側圧力検出手段の検出に係る複数の圧力の値を記憶する圧力記憶手段をさらに備え、
前記制御手段は、前記複数の圧力の値に基づいて、一定時間後における圧力の値を予測値として算出し、前記予測値が、第2の圧力値より大きいと判断すると、前記冷媒回路を構成する手段の動作を制御することを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の冷凍サイクル装置。 - 前記凝縮器及び/又は前記蒸発器に、前記冷媒と熱交換を行わせる空気を送り込むための送風手段をさらに備え、
前記制御手段は、前記送風手段の動作制御を行うことを特徴とする請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の冷凍サイクル装置。 - 複数台の前記凝縮器をそれぞれ並列に接続した冷凍サイクル装置において、
前記制御手段は、少なくとも1台の前記凝縮器への冷媒供給を停止する前又は停止とほぼ同時に、前記冷媒回路における冷媒の圧力を低下させるために、前記冷媒回路を構成する手段の動作を制御することを特徴とする請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の冷凍サイクル装置。 - 前記制御手段は、前記圧縮機における圧縮機周波数を低下させて、前記冷媒回路における冷媒の圧力を低下させることを特徴とする請求項6記載の冷凍サイクル装置。
- 前記冷媒回路において前記冷媒の流量を調整するための、前記膨張手段を含む複数の流量制御手段を、前記冷媒回路に設けている冷凍サイクル装置において、
前記制御手段は、少なくとも2つの流量制御手段の間が密閉状態にあるものと判断すると、少なくとも1つの流量制御手段を開かせる制御を行うことを特徴とする請求項1~7のいずれかに記載の冷凍サイクル装置。 - 検出した圧力に基づく信号を送信する圧力検出手段を、前記複数の流量制御手段の間に設け、
前記制御手段は、前記流量制御手段間の圧力検出手段からの信号に基づいて、前記配管の密閉状態を判断することを特徴とする請求項8記載の冷凍サイクル装置。 - 前記制御手段は、前記密閉状態にあるものと判断した一定時間後に、少なくとも一方の前記流量制御手段を開かせる制御を行うことを特徴とする請求項8記載の冷凍サイクル装置。
- 請求項1~10のいずれかに記載の冷凍サイクル装置により、対象空間の冷暖房を行うことを特徴とする空気調和装置。
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Also Published As
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EP2306122A1 (en) | 2011-04-06 |
US20110100042A1 (en) | 2011-05-05 |
EP2306122A4 (en) | 2015-11-04 |
JPWO2009157320A1 (ja) | 2011-12-08 |
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