WO2009133803A1 - 液晶配向剤および液晶配向膜の形成方法 - Google Patents
液晶配向剤および液晶配向膜の形成方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009133803A1 WO2009133803A1 PCT/JP2009/058030 JP2009058030W WO2009133803A1 WO 2009133803 A1 WO2009133803 A1 WO 2009133803A1 JP 2009058030 W JP2009058030 W JP 2009058030W WO 2009133803 A1 WO2009133803 A1 WO 2009133803A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L79/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon only, not provided for in groups C08L61/00 - C08L77/00
- C08L79/04—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain; Polyhydrazides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08L79/08—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08L79/085—Unsaturated polyimide precursors
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08G73/12—Unsaturated polyimide precursors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
- G02F1/133711—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by organic films, e.g. polymeric films
- G02F1/133726—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by organic films, e.g. polymeric films made of a mesogenic material
Definitions
- Patent application title Liquid crystal alignment agent and method of forming liquid crystal alignment film
- the present invention relates to a liquid crystal alignment agent, a method for producing a liquid crystal alignment film, and a liquid crystal display device.
- a nematic liquid crystal having positive dielectric anisotropy is formed into a sandwich structure by a substrate with a transparent electrode having a liquid crystal alignment film, and if necessary, the major axis of liquid crystal molecules is between the substrates.
- TN Tw isted N ematic
- STN Super Tw isted N ema te tic
- I PS I n P S S S S S S S S S S S S ch i
- liquid crystal alignment film In such a liquid crystal cell, in order to align liquid crystal molecules in a predetermined direction with respect to the substrate surface, it is necessary to provide a liquid crystal alignment film on the substrate surface.
- the liquid crystal alignment film is usually formed by rubbing the surface of the organic film formed on the surface of the substrate with a cloth material such as rayon in one direction (labing method).
- a cloth material such as rayon in one direction (labing method).
- the liquid crystal alignment film is formed by rubbing, dust and static electricity are easily generated in the process, and there is a problem that the dust adheres to the surface of the alignment film to cause a display failure.
- TFT Thin Fi lm Transistor
- JP-A-11-152475 JP-A-2000-144136, JP-A-2000-319510, JP-A-2000-281724, JP-A-9-1297313, JP-A-2003-307736, JP 2004-163646 A and JP JP
- the liquid crystal alignment film aligns liquid crystal molecules at a predetermined angle with respect to the substrate surface. It is necessary to have pretilt angle characteristics.
- the pretilt angle is usually given by inclining the incident direction of the radiation to be irradiated onto the substrate surface from the substrate normal.
- a vertical (homeo mouth pick) alignment mode in which liquid crystal molecules having negative dielectric anisotropy are vertically aligned to the substrate.
- this operation mode when a voltage is applied between the substrates to tilt the liquid crystal molecules in the direction parallel to the substrate, the liquid crystal molecules are tilted from the normal direction of the substrate toward one direction in the substrate surface.
- a method of providing a protrusion on the substrate surface a method of providing a stripe on a transparent electrode, and by using a rubbing alignment film, liquid crystal molecules are slightly directed from one direction normal to the substrate to one direction in the substrate surface. Methods such as pretilting are proposed.
- the photoalignment method is known to be useful as a method of controlling the tilt direction of liquid crystal molecules in a liquid crystal cell of vertical alignment mode. That is, it is known that the tilt direction of liquid crystal molecules can be uniformly controlled at the time of voltage application by using a vertical alignment film provided with an alignment control ability and a pretilt angle developability by a photo alignment method
- the liquid crystal alignment film produced by the photoalignment method can be effectively applied to various liquid crystal display devices.
- the conventional photo alignment film has a large amount of radiation required to obtain a large pretilt angle.
- the radiation whose optical axis is tilted from the substrate normal is 10,000 JZm 2 or more. It has been reported that irradiation must be carried out (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Nos. 2002-250924 and 2004-83810 and J. of Time S ID 11/3, 2003, ⁇ ⁇ 79) 0
- the photoalignment material conventionally known has the photosensitivity of the side chain.
- the problem is that the possibility of thermal decomposition during heating (especially post-baking) in the LCD panel manufacturing process can not be ruled out.
- a liquid crystal aligning agent which does not cause thermal decomposition even when a single temperature is adopted, a liquid crystal display device excellent in various methods such as a method of manufacturing the liquid crystal alignment film and display characteristics and reliability. It is in.
- At least one polymer selected from the group consisting of polyamic acids, polyimides and polyamic acid esters,
- polymer is represented by the following formula (1) or (2)
- R 1 and R 2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group, or R 1 and R 2 may combine with each other to form a ring
- R 3 is a fluorine atom or a cyano group
- a is an integer of 0 to 4
- “*” indicates that it is a bond
- R 4 in the formula (2) is an alkyl group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms or a monovalent organic group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms including an alicyclic group, provided that part or all of the hydrogen atoms of the alkyl group are Part may be substituted with a fluorine atom, R 5 is a fluorine atom or a cyano group, b is an integer of 0 to 4, and “*” represents a bond. )
- the above liquid crystal aligning agent is coated on a substrate to form a coating film, and the coating film is irradiated with radiation to achieve a liquid crystal alignment film formation method.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is at least one polymer selected from the group consisting of polyamic acid, polyimide and polyamic acid ester, where the polymer is a group represented by the above formula (1) or (2) Contains.
- R 6 -W- * (R- 1)
- R 6 is a C 1 to C 40 alkyl group or a C 3 to C 40 monovalent organic group containing an alicyclic group, provided that a part of the hydrogen atoms of the alkyl group is Alternatively, all may be substituted with a fluorine atom
- W is a single bond, an ether bond, an ester bond, an ester bond, a thioether bond, a thioester bond or an amide bond, and “*” represents a bond.
- alkyl group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms of R 6 examples include, for example, methyl group, acetyl group, n-propyl group, n-butyl group, n-pentyl group, n-hexyl group, n-heptyl group , N-oxyl group, n-nonyl group, n-tetrayl group, n-laurylyl group, n-dotenyl group, n-trimethyl ring 3 ⁇ 4, n-tetrabasic group, n-pendent group, n-one-seven-rele, n — heptoyl decyl group, n ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ decyl group, n ⁇ nonadesirilet group, n ⁇ ⁇ eicosyl group, 4, 4, 4 trifluorobutyl group, 4, 4, 5, 5 — pentafluoro pen
- R 1 is a group represented by the above formula (R-1) and R 2 is a hydrogen atom, or R 1 and R 2 are mutually bonded And forms a ring having 4 to 8 carbon atoms, and the group represented by the above formula (R-1) is formed on any carbon atom of the ring (preferably other than the carbon atom constituting the pyrrolidine ring). It is preferable to combine the force.
- a fluorine atom is preferable, and as a, 0, 1 or 4 is preferable.
- R 4 in the above formula (2) is the same as the one described for R 6 in the above formula (R-1).
- R 5 in the above formula (2) a fluorine atom is preferred
- b is preferably 0, 1 or 4 forces.
- the group represented by the above formula (1) or (2) is preferably in the ⁇ J chain of polyamic acid, polyimide or polyamic acid ester.
- the polyamic acid having a group represented by the above formula (1) or (2) is, for example, terubonic acid dianhydride;
- R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and a are respectively the same as those in the above formula (1), c is an integer of 0 to 10, and when c is 0, X 1 Is a single bond, and when c is an integer of 1 to 10, X 1 is a single bond, an ether bond, an ester bond, a thioether bond, a thioester bond or an amide bond.
- R 4 , R 5 and b are as defined in the above formula (2) respectively, and X 2 is a single bond, an ether bond, an ester bond, a thioether bond, a thioester bond or Amide bond, d is an integer of 0 to 10, and when d is 0, X 3 is a single bond, and when d is an integer of 1 to 10, X 3 is a single bond, ether bond, ester bond, It is a thioether bond, a thioester bond or an amide bond.
- a polyimide having a group represented by the above-mentioned formula (1) or (2) can be synthesized, for example, by reacting it with a diamine containing at least one selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by The above polyamic acid can be synthesized by dehydration ring closure.
- Examples of tetracarboxylic acid dianhydrides used to synthesize a polyamic acid or polyimide having a group represented by the above formula (1) or (2) include, for example, 2,3,5-tricarboxycyclopentylacetic acid dianhydride , Butanetetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, 1,2,3,4-Cyclobutanetetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, 1,3-Dimethyl-1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, 1,2, 3, 4-Cyclopentenetetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, 3, 5, 6-tricarboxylic norbornane 1 2-succinic acid dianhydride, 2, 3, 4, 5-tetrahydrofuran tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride 1, 3, 3a, 4, 5, 9b-Hexahydro-5-(tetrahydro 1, 2, 5 dioxo 1, 3-furanyl) mononaphtho [1, 2-c]-
- Aliphatic tetracarboxylic acid dianhydrides and alicyclic tetracarboxylic acid dianhydrides such as tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride represented by each of Pyromellitic dianhydride, 3,3 ', 4,4, -biphenyl sulfone tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,4,5,8-naphthalene tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 2,3, 6,7-naphthalene tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 3, 3, 4, 4, biphenyl ether tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 3, 3, 4, 4, monodimethyl diphenylsilane tetracarboxylic acid Anhydride, 3,3 ′, 4,4′-tetraphenylsilanetetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, 1,2,3,4-furantetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, 4,4 ′ monobis (3, 4— Dicarboxy
- aromatic tetracarboxylic acid dianhydrides such as tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride represented by each of the following. These tetracarboxylic acid dianhydrides can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- tetracarboxylic acid dianhydrides used to synthesize a polyamic acid or polyimide having a group represented by the above formula (1) or (2) are 1, 3, 3 a, 4, and ⁇ among the above.
- 9 b-Hexahydro 5-(Tetrahydro 1, 2, 5-Dioxyso 3-Frael) 1 Nafone [1, 2-c]-Furan 1, 3-dione, 1, 3, 3 a, 4 5,9 b-Hexahydro 5-(thera hydro 2,5 dioxo 3 furanyl) 18 methyl 1 naphtho [1, 2 c] 1 furan 1 1, 3 dione 2, 3, 5 tri Trifluorocyclopentylacetic acid dianhydride, butanetetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, 1, 3-dimethyl-1, 2, 3, 4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, 1, 2, 3, 4-cyclobutanetetracene Carboxylic acid dianhydride, py
- the tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride used to synthesize a polyamic acid or polyimide having a group represented by the above formula (1) or (2) is a specific tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride such as the upper one, which is a tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride.
- the content of the carboxylic acid dianhydride is preferably 20 mol% or more, more preferably 50 mol% or more, and particularly preferably 80 mol% or more.
- the diamine used to synthesize the polyamic acid or polyimide having the group represented by the above formula (1) or (2) is a compound represented by the above formula (3) and the above formula (4) And at least one selected from the group consisting of
- Preferred examples of the compound represented by the above formula (3) include the following formulas (3A) to 3C)
- R 3 and a are respectively the same as those in the above formula (1), and R 6 and W are respectively the same as those in the above formula (R-1) And X 1 and c each have the same meaning as in the above formula (3))).
- the diamine group at the right side is a 2, 4-diaminophenyl group, a 2, 5-diaminophenyl group or a 3, 5- diaminophenyl group. Is preferred.
- a compound represented by the above formula (3) and At least one selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by the above formula (4) may be used, or from the compound represented by the above formula (3) and the compound represented by the above formula (4) In addition to at least one member selected from the group consisting of: other diamines.
- diamines which can be used here are, for example, P-phenylendiamine, m-phenylidenediamine, 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, 4,4'-diaminodiphenylethane, 4,4 '.
- Aromatic diamines such as diamine compounds represented by each of
- Aromatic diamine having a heteroatom such as diaminotetraphenylthiophene; Metaxylylenediamine, 1,3-propanediamine, tetramethylenediamine, pentamethylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine, heptamethylenediamine, octamethylenediamine, nonamethylenediamine, 1,4-Diaminocyclohexanone, isophorone diamine, tetrahydrodicyclopentadiene genini didiamine, hexahydro-4,7-methanoindanylene methylene diamine, tricyclo
- the benzene ring of the aromatic diamine may be substituted by one or more alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms (preferably a methyl group).
- the other diamines contained in the diamine for synthesizing a polyamic acid or polyimide having a group represented by the above formula (1) or (2) can be selected from the group consisting of P-phenylenediamine and 4,4'-diamino.
- the diamine used to synthesize a polyamic acid or polyimide having a group represented by the above formula (1) or (2) is a compound represented by the above formula (3) and the above formula (4)
- the compound preferably contains at least 10% by mole or more, more preferably 30% by mole or more, and more preferably 50% by mole or more based on all diamines. It is more preferable that it contains.
- the polyamic acid having a group represented by the above formula (1) or (2) can be synthesized by reacting tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride with diamine as described above.
- the ratio of tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride and diamine to be used in the synthesis reaction of the above polyamic acid is that the acid anhydride group of tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride is 0 per equivalent of the amino group contained in diamine.
- the ratio is preferably 2 to 2 equivalents, and more preferably 0.3 to 1.2 equivalents.
- the synthesis reaction of the above polyamic acid is preferably carried out under a temperature condition of preferably ⁇ 20 to 150, more preferably 0 to 100, preferably in an organic solvent, preferably 0.5 to 24 hours.
- the organic solvent is not particularly limited as long as it can dissolve the polyamic acid to be synthesized.
- N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N, N-dimethylacetamide, N, N-dimethylformamide, N Aprotic polar solvents such as N-dimethylimidazolidinone, dimethylsulfoxide, propylene glycol, tetramethylurea and hexamethylphosphortriamide; phenol solvents such as m-cresol, xylenol, phenol and halogenated phenol Can be mentioned.
- the amount (a) of the organic solvent used is the total amount (b +) of the tetrabasic carboxylic acid dianhydride and the diamine compound (b).
- the amount is preferably 0.1 to 50% by weight, more preferably 5 to 30% by weight, based on b).
- the reaction solution may be used as it is for preparation of a liquid crystal aligning agent, or may be used for preparing a liquid crystal aligning agent after isolating the polyamic acid contained in the reaction solution, or the isolated polyamic acid is purified. You may use for preparation of a liquid crystal aligning agent.
- the above reaction solution may be subjected to dehydration ring closure reaction as it is, or the polyamic acid contained in the reaction solution is isolated and then subjected to dehydration ring closure reaction.
- the isolated polyamic acid may be purified and then subjected to a dehydration ring closure reaction.
- the polyamic acid is isolated by pouring the reaction solution into a large amount of a poor solvent to obtain a precipitate, and drying the precipitate under reduced pressure, or by evaporating the reaction solution under reduced pressure by evaporation. be able to.
- the polyimide having a group represented by the above formula (1) or (2) can be produced by dehydration ring closure of the amic acid structure possessed by the polyamic acid obtained as described above. At this time, the whole of the amic acid structure may be subjected to dehydration ring closure and complete imidation, or only a part of the amic acid structure may be subjected to dehydration ring closure to form a portion in which both the acid acid structure, the imide structure and the force S coexist. It may be imidized.
- the dehydration and ring closure of polyamic acid can be carried out by either (i) heating the polyamic acid or dissolving U1) polyamic acid in an organic solvent, adding a dehydrating agent and a dehydrating ring closure catalyst to this solution, and heating as necessary. It is done by the method.
- the reaction temperature in the method of heating the polyamic acid of the above (1) is preferably It is 50 to 200, more preferably 60 to 170. If the reaction temperature is less than 50, the dehydration ring closure reaction does not proceed sufficiently, and if the reaction temperature exceeds 200, the molecular weight S of the resulting imidized polymer may decrease.
- the reaction time in the method of heating the polyamic acid is preferably 0.5 to 48 hours, more preferably 2 to 20 hours.
- an acid anhydride such as succinic anhydride, propionic anhydride or trifluoroacetic anhydride is used as the dehydrating agent.
- the amount of the dehydrating agent used is preferably 0.01 to 20 moles relative to 1 mole of the polyamic acid structural unit.
- a dehydration ring closure catalyst for example, pyridine, collidine, lutidine, triethyamine Third grade amine can be used. However, it is not limited to these.
- the amount of the dehydrating ring closure catalyst used is preferably 0.01 to 10 moles relative to 1 mole of the dehydrating agent used.
- Examples of the organic solvent used for the dehydration ring closure reaction include the organic solvents exemplified as those used for the synthesis of the polyamic acid.
- the reaction temperature of the dehydration ring closure reaction is preferably 0 to 180 t :, more preferably 10 to 15 O :, and the reaction time is preferably 0.5 to 20 hours, more preferably 1 to 20 hours. 8 hours.
- the polyimide obtained in the above method (i) may be used as it is for preparation of a liquid crystal aligning agent, or alternatively, the obtained polyimide may be purified and then used for preparation of a liquid crystal aligning agent.
- a reaction solution containing a polyimide is obtained. This reaction solution may be used as it is for the preparation of a liquid crystal aligning agent, or may be subjected to the preparation of a liquid crystal aligning agent after removing the dehydrating agent and the dehydrating ring closure catalyst from the reaction solution, and the polyimide is isolated.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent may be provided for the preparation of the liquid crystal aligning agent, or the isolated polyimide may be purified and then provided for the preparation of the liquid crystal aligning agent.
- a method such as solvent substitution can be applied.
- the isolation and purification of the polyimide can be carried out by the same procedures as described above for the isolation and purification of the polyamic acid.
- the polyamic acid ester having a group represented by the above formula (1) or (2) is a polyamic acid
- R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and a are the same as in the above formula (1), respectively, Z 1 is a hydroxyl group, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom or an iodine atom, e Is an integer of 1 to 10.
- R 4 , R 5 and b are as defined in the above formula (2) respectively, Z 2 is a hydroxyl group, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom or an iodine atom, and f is 0 Is an integer of 10, and when f is 0, X 4 is a single bond, and when f is an integer of 1 to 10, X 4 is a single bond, an ether bond, an ester bond, a thioether bond, a thioether bond or an amide bond Is)
- the compound represented by the formula is preferably synthesized by reaction in an organic solvent, if necessary, in the presence of a catalyst.
- the above polyamic acid can be synthesized by reacting tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride with diamine.
- the tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride used herein As the tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride used herein, the above-mentioned tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride used to synthesize a polyamic acid having a group represented by the above formula (1) or (2) is used. It is the same as As the diamine to be used, mention may be made of the same compounds as exemplified above as the diamine used for synthesizing a polyamic acid having a group represented by the above formula (1) or (2) Can.
- the diamine used here is:
- the compound of the present invention does not contain any of the compound represented by (3) and the compound represented by the above formula (4).
- the diamine used here preferably contains 20% by mole or more of other specific diamine as exemplified above, with respect to the total diamine, more preferably 50% by mole or more. More preferably, it contains 80 mol% or more.
- Each of Z 1 in the above formula (5) and Z 2 in the above formula (6) is preferably a bromine atom or an iodine atom.
- Examples of the compound represented by the above formula (5) include the following formulas (5A) to (5C)
- R 3 and a each have the same meaning as in the above formula (1), and R 6 and W are each as in the above formula (R-1) And each of Z 1 and e is as defined in the above formula (5) Ru. )
- the compound represented by the above-mentioned formula (5) or the above-mentioned formula (6) which is used for reacting the polyamic acid with the compound represented by the above-mentioned formula (5) or the compound represented by the above-mentioned formula (6) It is preferable that the ratio of the compound represented by these is 10-100 mol% with respect to the number of the amic acid structures which a polyamic acid has, and it is 30-2000 mol%. Is more preferable, and particularly 50 to 100 mol% is preferable.
- Preferred organic solvents used in the reaction include, for example, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N, N-dimethylacetoamide, N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylimidazolidinone, dimethyl sulfoxide, Examples include oral lacton, tetramethylurea, hexamethylphosphortriamide and the like.
- Preferred catalysts used in the reaction vary depending on the type of Z 1 in the formula (5) or Z 2 in the formula (6).
- Z 1 or Z 2 is a chlorine atom, a bromine atom or an iodine atom
- base catalysts such as potassium methoxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium propoxide, sodium propoxide, sodium butoxide, potassium butoxide, trimethylamine, tolylamine and pyridine.
- Examples of the catalyst when Z 1 or Z 2 is a hydroxyl group include dehydration catalysts such as dicyclohexylcarpimide and methyl chloroformate. These dehydration catalysts may be used in combination with co-catalysts such as dimethylaminopyridine, if necessary.
- the proportion of these catalysts used is preferably 1 to 50 parts by weight, and more preferably 5 to 30 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of polyamic acid.
- a polyamic having a group represented by the above formula (1) or (2) A reaction solution containing an acid ester is obtained.
- This reaction solution may be used as it is for the preparation of a liquid crystal aligning agent, or may be used for the preparation of a liquid crystal aligning agent after removing the catalyst from the reaction solution, or after the polyamic acid ester has been isolated.
- An alignment agent may be prepared, or an isolated polyamic acid ester may be purified and then used to prepare a liquid crystal alignment agent.
- the isolation and purification of the polyamic acid ester can be performed by the same procedure as described above as the isolation and purification method of the polyamic acid.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is at least one polymer selected from the group consisting of polyamic acid, polyimide and polyamic acid ester, wherein the polymer is a group represented by the above formula (1) or (2) [Image Omitted] [Image Omitted] [Image Omitted]
- it may further contain other components as long as the effects and advantages of the present invention are not impaired.
- examples of such other components include other polymers, compounds having at least one epoxy group in the molecule (hereinafter referred to as “epoxy compounds”), functional silane compounds, surfactants and the like.
- the other polymer may be contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention for the purpose of further improving the electrical properties of the liquid crystal alignment film to be formed.
- polyamic acid having no group represented by the above-mentioned formula (1) or (2) (hereinafter referred to as “other polyamic acid”) and a polyimide formed by dehydration ring closure of this (Hereafter, it is called “other polyimide”.) Etc. can be mentioned.
- the proportion of the other polymer used is the total of the polymer having the group represented by the above formula (1) or (2) (a polyamic acid having a group represented by the above formula (1) or (2), It refers to the total of a polyimide having a group represented by formula (1) or (2) and a polyamic acid ester having a group represented by formula (1) or (2) above. Preferably, it is at most 1,000 parts by weight, more preferably at most 500 parts by weight.
- the above epoxy compounds can be used from the viewpoint of further improving the adhesion of the liquid crystal aligning agent formed from the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention to the surface of the substrate.
- ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether Mono, propylene glycol diglycidyl ether, tripropylene glycol diglycidyl ether, polypropylene daryl glycol diglycidyl ether, neopentyl glycol diglycidyl ether, 1,6-hexanediol diglycidyl ether, glycerin diglycidyl ether, 2, 2 —Dibromoneopentyl glycol diglycidyl ether, 1, 3, 5, 6-tetraglycidyl 2, 4 hexanediol, N, N, N ′, N ′, tetraglycidyl-m-xylene diamine, 1, 3 — Screw (N, N-diglycidylaminomethyl) cyclohexane, N, N, ⁇ ', N'-tetraglycidyl mono 4, 4'- diaminodiphenylme
- the compounding ratio of the epoxy compound is a polyamic acid having a group represented by the sum of all the polymers (the above formula (1) or (2), a polyimide having a group represented by the above formula (1) or (2) and It refers to the total of polyamic acid ester having a group represented by the above formula (1) or (2) and the other polymer
- the proportion of the base catalyst used is preferably 0.1 to 10 parts by weight with respect to the total 100 parts by weight of the polymer having a group represented by the above formula (1) or (2). More preferably 0.:! To 5 parts by weight.
- the functional silane compound can be used for the purpose of improving the adhesion of the obtained liquid crystal alignment film to the substrate.
- functional silane compounds for example, 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 2-aminoa Minopropyltrimethoxysilane, 2-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, N- (2-aminoethyl) -amino-amino-propyl-trimethoxysilane, N- (2-aminoethyl) -mono-aminopropylmethyldimethoxy- Silane, 3-ureido-pyltrimethoxysilane, 3-ureidopropyltriethoxysilane, N-methoxycarbotriyl 3-aminopropiyl trimethoxysilane, N-ethoxycarboyl-3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, N —Tri
- the content of the functional silane compound is preferably 50 parts by weight or less, more preferably 20 parts by weight or less, based on 100 parts by weight of the total of all the polymers.
- the surfactant include nonionic surfactants, anionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, silicone surfactants, polyalkylene oxide surfactants, fluorine-containing surfactants and the like. it can.
- liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention contains a surfactant
- the content ratio thereof is preferably 10 parts by weight or less, more preferably 10 parts by weight or less with respect to 100 parts by weight of the total amount of liquid crystal aligning agent. Is less than 1 part by weight.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is preferably constituted by dissolving the above-mentioned polymer and optionally added other components in an organic solvent.
- organic solvent which can be used for the liquid crystal aligning agent of this invention
- the solvent illustrated as what is used for the synthetic reaction of a polyamic acid can be mentioned.
- poor solvents exemplified as those which can be used in combination in the synthesis reaction of polyamic acid can be appropriately selected and used in combination.
- Particularly preferable organic solvents to be used for the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention are N-methyl -2-pyrrolidone, ⁇ -butyrolactone, ⁇ ⁇ -butyrolactam, N, N- dimethylformamide, N, N- dimethylacetoate.
- a particularly preferable solvent composition is a composition obtained by combining the above-mentioned solvents, in which the polymer does not precipitate in the orienting agent, and the surface tension of the orienting agent is in the range of 25 to 4 O mN nom.
- the composition is
- the solid content concentration of the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention that is, the ratio of the weight of all components other than the solvent in the liquid crystal aligning agent to the total weight of the liquid crystal aligning agent is selected in consideration of viscosity, volatility and the like. However, it is preferably in the range of 1 to 10% by weight.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is applied to the surface of a substrate to form a coating film to be a liquid crystal alignment film, but when the solid content concentration is less than 1% by weight, the film thickness of this coating film is too small. In some cases, it is difficult to obtain a good liquid crystal alignment film.
- the range of the solid content concentration which is particularly preferable varies depending on the method adopted when applying the liquid crystal aligning agent to the substrate. For example, in the case of the spinner method, the range of 1.5 to 4.5% by weight is particularly preferable. In the case of the printing method, it is particularly preferable to use a solid concentration in the range of 3 to 9% by weight and thereby to make the solution viscosity in the range of 1 to 5 O mP a ⁇ s. In the case of the ink jet method, it is particularly preferable to set the solid content concentration in the range of 1 to 5% by weight, whereby the solution viscosity in the range of 3 to 15 mP ⁇ s.
- the temperature for preparing the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is preferably 0 to 200, more preferably 20 to 6 O t :.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention can be suitably used to form a liquid crystal alignment film by a photoalignment method.
- a method of forming a liquid crystal alignment film for example, a method of forming a coating film of the liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention on a substrate and then imparting liquid crystal alignment ability to the coating film by photoalignment method can be mentioned.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is suitably coated by, for example, roll coating method, spinner method, printing method or ink jet method. Apply by the method. Then, the coated surface is preheated (prebaked) and then fired (postbaked) to form a coated film.
- Prebaking conditions are, for example, 0.1 to 5 minutes at 40 to 120, and postbaking conditions are preferably 1 20 to 3 0 0, more preferably 1 5 0 to 2 5 0 Preferably, it is 5 to 200 minutes, more preferably 10 to 10 minutes. post
- the film thickness of the coating film after baking is preferably 0.01 to 1 m, and more preferably 0.5 to 5.
- the substrate for example, glass such as float glass and soda glass, transparent substrate made of plastic such as polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyether sulfone and polycarbonate can be used.
- transparent substrate made of plastic such as polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyether sulfone and polycarbonate
- transparent conductive film S n 0 2 consists NESA film
- I n 2 ⁇ 3 - can be used consisting of S N_ ⁇ 2 I TO film.
- a phonon-etching method for example, a phonon-etching method, a method of using a mask when forming the transparent conductive film, or the like is used.
- a functional silane compound, titanate or the like is previously applied on the substrate and the transparent conductive film. You may leave it.
- the coating film is irradiated with linearly polarized light or partially polarized radiation or non-polarized radiation, and heat treatment is further optionally performed at a temperature of 150 to 2 ⁇ 0 for preferably 1 to 12 minutes.
- the radiation for example, ultraviolet light and visible light including light having a wavelength of 150 nm to 800 nm can be used, but light having a wavelength of 300 nm to 400 nm can be used. UV radiation is preferred.
- the irradiation may be performed from the direction perpendicular to the substrate surface, or may be performed from an oblique direction to give a pretilt angle. In the case of non-polarized radiation, the direction of radiation needs to be oblique.
- a light source to be used for example, a low pressure mercury lamp, a high pressure mercury lamp, a deuterium lamp, a metal halide lamp, an argon resonance lamp, a xenon lamp, an excimer laser and the like can be used.
- the ultraviolet light in the preferable wavelength region can be obtained by means of using the light source in combination with, for example, a filter, a diffraction grating or the like.
- the irradiation dose of radiation preferably 1 0, 0 0 0 J Roh m 2 less than 1 J Zm 2 or more, more preferably 1 0-3 a OOOJ Zm 2.
- a radiation irradiation dose of 10 0 0 0 J Z m 2 or more was necessary.
- liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention when used, good liquid crystal alignment can be obtained even if the radiation dose in the photoalignment method is less than or equal to 3, 0 0 J Zm 2 and further less than or equal to 1, 0 0 0 J Zm 2 It contributes to the reduction of the manufacturing cost of the liquid crystal display element.
- the “pretilt angle” in the present invention represents the angle of inclination of liquid crystal molecules from the direction parallel to the substrate surface.
- the liquid crystal display element formed using the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention can be produced, for example, as follows.
- a liquid crystal cell is manufactured by preparing two substrates on which the liquid crystal alignment film is formed as described above, and disposing a liquid crystal between the two substrates opposed to each other.
- the first method is a method conventionally known. First, two substrates are disposed opposite to each other via a gap (cell gap) so that the respective liquid crystal alignment films face each other, and peripheral portions of the two substrates are bonded using a sealing agent, and the substrate surface and the sealing agent A liquid crystal cell can be manufactured by injecting and filling a liquid crystal in a cell gap partitioned by this method and then sealing the injection hole.
- the second method is a method called DD F (O n e D r o p F i l l) method.
- DD F ultraviolet-curable sealing material
- a liquid crystal cell can be manufactured by bonding the other substrate so that the films face each other, and then irradiating the entire surface of the substrate with ultraviolet light to cure the sealing agent.
- the liquid crystal cell manufactured as described above is further heated to a temperature at which the liquid crystal used has an isotropic phase, and then gradually cooled to room temperature to allow the liquid crystal to be injected. It is desirable to remove the flow orientation.
- polarizing plates are attached to both sides of the liquid crystal display device so that the polarization directions thereof form a predetermined angle with the easy axis of alignment of the liquid crystal alignment film of the substrate.
- a liquid crystal display element having a TN type or an STN type liquid crystal cell can be obtained.
- the cell is configured such that the directions of easy alignment axes of the two substrates on which the liquid crystal alignment film is formed are parallel to each other.
- a liquid crystal display device having a vertically aligned liquid crystal cell can be obtained by pasting the polarization direction so that the polarization direction forms an angle of 45 ° with the easy axis of alignment.
- sealing agent for example, an aluminum oxide sphere as a spacer and an epoxy resin containing a curing agent can be used.
- liquid crystal for example, nematic type liquid crystal, smectic type liquid crystal or the like can be used. Among these, nematic type liquid crystal is preferable. In the case of TN type liquid crystal cell or S TN type liquid crystal cell, nematic type liquid crystal having positive dielectric anisotropy is preferable.
- nematic type liquid crystal having positive dielectric anisotropy is preferable.
- biphenyl type liquid crystal, phenylcyclohexane type liquid crystal, ester type liquid crystal, terphenyl type liquid crystal, biphenylcyclo Hexane liquid crystals, pyrimidine liquid crystals, dioxane liquid crystals, bicyclooctane liquid crystals, cubane liquid crystals and the like are used.
- Cholesteric liquid crystals such as, for example, cholestilyl chloride, cholesteryl nona agar, cholesteryl carbonate, etc .; chiral agents such as those sold under the trade names C15, CB-15 (manufactured by Merck); p- Ferroelectric liquid crystals such as desiloxybene diidene-p-amino-2-methyl-butyl cinnamate can be further added and used.
- nematic liquid crystals having negative dielectric anisotropy are preferable.
- dicyanobenzene liquid crystals, pyridazine liquid crystals, Schiff base liquid crystals, azoxy liquid crystals, biphenyl liquid crystals, phenylcyclo A xanthan liquid crystal or the like is used.
- a polarizing plate used outside the liquid crystal cell polyvinyl alcohol is stretched and arranged.
- the liquid crystal display device of the present invention thus manufactured is excellent in various performances such as display characteristics and reliability.
- the compound (3A-1) was synthesized according to
- the compound (3 A-2) was synthesized according to
- reaction solution 1 In a 20OmL eggplant flask equipped with a reflux condenser, 19g of the compound (3A_la), 0.1g of N, N-dimethylformamide and 10OmL of thionyl chloride were added and reacted at 80 for 1 hour. After completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture was evaporated under reduced pressure to remove thionyl chloride, 20 mL of methylene chloride was added to the residue, the organic layer was washed with water and dried over magnesium sulfate, and then methylene chloride was evaporated under reduced pressure. Then, 20 OmL of tetrahydrofuran was added (this is referred to as “reaction solution 1”).
- Compound (3 B-1 b) 25 g, 1 g of 3, 5-dinitrobenzyl chloride, 21 g of potassium carbonate, 15 g of sodium iodide in a 50 OmL three-necked flask equipped with a nitrogen inlet tube and a thermometer. Add N, N- Dimethylformamide 15 OmL 9 The reaction was carried out at 0 for 5 hours. After completion of the reaction, 30 OmL of ethyl oxalate is added, and the mixture is washed 3 times with water, dried over magnesium sulfate, concentrated, and recrystallized with ethanol to obtain pale yellow crystals of compound (3B-1C). I got 25 g.
- the compound (5A-1) was synthesized according to
- reaction liquid 2 Into a 20 OmL eggplant flask equipped with a reflux condenser, 0.1 g of compound (3A_l a), 0.1 g of N-N-dimethylformamide, and 10 OmL of thionyl chloride were added. The reaction was performed at 80 for 1 hour. After completion of the reaction, remove the dichloromethane from the reaction mixture under reduced pressure, add 20 OmL of methylene chloride to the residue, wash with water, dry with magnesium sulfate, and evaporate the methylene chloride under reduced pressure, then add tetrahydrofuran. 20 OmL was added (this is referred to as reaction liquid 2).
- tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride As a tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, 4.5 g (0.02 mole) of 2,3,5-tricarboxycyclopentyl succinic anhydride and 10 g (0.02 mole) of a compound (3A-1) as a diamine are shown below.
- a solution containing polyamic acid (CPA-1) was obtained by dissolving in 44 g of methyl-2-pyrrolidone (reaction concentration 25% by weight) and reacting for 5 days at room temperature. A small amount of the resulting polyamic acid solution was taken, and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone was added to measure the solution viscosity to a solution of 10% by weight of polyamic acid. The solution viscosity was 27 mPa ⁇ s. Examples 8 to 11
- Example 7 The reaction was carried out in the same manner as in Example 7 except that 0.20 moles of diamine shown in Table 1 was used in place of compound (3A_1) in Example 7 except that the reaction concentration was 25% by weight.
- the resulting solution contained polyamic acids (CPA-2) to (CPA-5).
- CPA-2 polyamic acids
- CCPA-5 polyamic acids
- Table 1 the viscosity of the solution measured as a 10% by weight polyamic acid solution in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone solution is shown in Table 1. did. table 1
- the liquid crystal aligning agent A-1 was prepared by filtering this solution with a filter having a pore size of 1 m. Examples 15 to 27
- a liquid crystal was prepared in the same manner as in Example 14 except that the types and amounts of the polymer having the group represented by the above formula (1) or (2) and the other polymers were as described in Table 2 respectively. Alignment agents A-2 to A-14 were prepared, respectively.
- Example 28 In Examples 24 and 25, no solution containing another polymer was used. Example 28
- a liquid crystal aligning agent A-15 was prepared by filtering this solution with a filter with a pore size of 1 zm.
- a liquid crystal aligning agent A-16 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 28 except that the compound represented by the formula (II) was used.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent A-1 prepared in Example 14 above is coated on a transparent electrode surface of a glass substrate with a transparent electrode comprising an ITO film using a spinner, and applied for 1 minute on an 80 hot plate. After prebaking, the inside of the chamber was postbaked at 200 for 1 hour in a nitrogen-substituted oven to form a coating having a film thickness of 0.1 / m. Then the lever of the coating film surface, the H g- X e lamp and polarized ultraviolet 1 containing 3 1 3 nm emission line using a ground Taylor prism, 0 0 0 J Zm 2, tilted 4 0 ° from the substrate normal It was irradiated from the direction to make a liquid crystal alignment film. The same operation was repeated to form one pair (two sheets) of substrates having a liquid crystal alignment film.
- An epoxy resin adhesive containing aluminum oxide spheres of a diameter of 5.5 / zm is applied by screen printing to the outer periphery of the side having the liquid crystal alignment film of one of the above substrates, and then the liquid crystal alignment film surfaces of one pair of substrates are The two substrates were pressed against each other so that the projection direction of the optical axis of each substrate onto the substrate surface was antiparallel, and the adhesive was thermally cured at 150 for 1 hour. Next, after filling the gap between the substrates from the liquid crystal injection port with a negative type liquid crystal (MLC-6608 made by Merck), the liquid crystal injection port was sealed with an epoxy adhesive.
- MLC-6608 negative type liquid crystal
- the liquid crystal display element was evaluated by the following method. The evaluation results are shown in Table 3. Evaluation method for liquid crystal display devices>
- a voltage of 5 V was applied to the liquid crystal display element manufactured above with an application time of 60 microseconds and a span of 167 milliseconds, and then a voltage retention ratio of 167 milliseconds after release of the application was measured.
- the measuring device used was VHR-1 manufactured by Toyo NGO Co., Ltd.
- a liquid crystal display element was manufactured in the same manner as described above except that the heating temperature by the oven at the film formation was 250. Among the obtained liquid crystal display elements, those showing good liquid crystal alignment (showing uniform black display) were regarded as “good”, and those showing light leakage were evaluated as “bad”. Examples 31 to 43
- a liquid crystal alignment film was formed in the same manner as in Example 30 except that the kind of liquid crystal aligning agent used was as described in Table 3, and a vertical alignment liquid crystal display element was manufactured and evaluated.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent A-8 prepared in the above Example 21 is coated on the transparent electrode surface of the transparent electrode-attached glass substrate made of the IT film using a spinner, and prebaked on a hot plate of 80 minutes for 1 minute. After carrying out, a coating film with a film thickness of 0.1 m is formed by bostobaking in an oven at 180 ° C for 1 hour. On the surface of this coating, By irradiating polarized ultraviolet light 1, 0 0 0 J Z m 2 including a bright line of 3 1 3 nm from a direction inclined 40 0 from the substrate normal, using an Hg-X e lamp and a Granthera prism. A liquid crystal alignment film was formed by imparting a liquid crystal alignment ability.
- An epoxy resin adhesive containing aluminum oxide spheres with a diameter of 5 nm is applied by screen printing around the surface of the pair of substrates on which the liquid crystal alignment film is formed, and then the direction of polarized ultraviolet light irradiation becomes orthogonal.
- the substrates were stacked and crimped, and the adhesive was thermally cured by heating at 150 for 1 hour.
- positive type nematic liquid crystal (Merck, ML C-6 21 1, containing chiral agent) is injected from the liquid crystal injection port into the gap of the substrate and filled, and then the liquid crystal injection port is filled with an epoxy adhesive. Sealed. Furthermore, in order to eliminate the flow alignment at the time of liquid crystal injection, this was heated at 150 for 10 minutes and then gradually cooled to room temperature.
- a TN alignment type liquid crystal display device is manufactured by bonding polarizing plates on both outer sides of the substrate so that the polarization directions thereof are orthogonal to each other and parallel to the polarization direction of the liquid crystal alignment film. did.
- a liquid crystal alignment film was formed in the same manner as in Example 44 except that the type of the liquid crystal aligning agent used was changed to A-10 prepared in Example 23 above, and a TN alignment type liquid crystal display element was produced. It evaluated.
- the liquid crystal alignment and voltage holding ratio of this liquid crystal display element are the same as in Example 30. As a result of evaluation, the liquid crystal alignment was "good” and the voltage holding ratio was 98%.
- the heating temperature by the oven at the time of film formation was set to 250 and the same as above.
- An alignment type liquid crystal display device was manufactured. The liquid crystal alignment properties of this liquid crystal display element were evaluated in the same manner as above, and as a result, it was found that they exhibited excellent TN alignment properties and sufficient heat resistance.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is a liquid crystal aligning film having excellent liquid crystal alignment and electrical properties at a small radiation dose as compared with liquid crystal aligning agents conventionally known as liquid crystal aligning agents to which photo alignment method can be applied. Can be formed. Furthermore, since the heat resistance of the liquid crystal alignment film to be formed is high, the liquid crystal panel can be manufactured without thermal decomposition.
- liquid crystal display element when this liquid crystal alignment film is applied to a liquid crystal display element, the liquid crystal display element can be manufactured at a lower cost than before, and the liquid crystal display element obtained is excellent in various performances such as display characteristics and reliability. Become. Therefore, these liquid crystal display devices can be effectively applied to various devices, and can be suitably used, for example, in devices such as desk calculators, watches, stationary clocks, counting display boards, word processors, personal computers, liquid crystal televisions and the like.
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CN2009801125764A CN101990650B (zh) | 2008-04-28 | 2009-04-16 | 液晶取向剂和液晶取向膜的形成方法 |
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JP2011158835A (ja) * | 2010-02-03 | 2011-08-18 | Jsr Corp | 液晶配向剤 |
JP2014146045A (ja) * | 2009-01-30 | 2014-08-14 | Sony Corp | 液晶表示装置 |
JP5803915B2 (ja) * | 2010-07-05 | 2015-11-04 | 日産化学工業株式会社 | 液晶配向剤及びそれを用いた液晶表示素子 |
KR20160030355A (ko) * | 2014-09-09 | 2016-03-17 | 제이에스알 가부시끼가이샤 | 액정 배향제, 액정 배향막 및 액정 표시 소자 |
US9470929B2 (en) | 2009-01-30 | 2016-10-18 | Sony Corporation | Liquid crystal display unit and method of manufacturing the same |
US9507210B2 (en) | 2009-01-30 | 2016-11-29 | Sony Corporation | Liquid crystal display and method of manufacturing the same |
TWI696647B (zh) * | 2015-07-27 | 2020-06-21 | 日商Jsr股份有限公司 | 液晶配向劑、液晶配向膜、液晶元件、液晶配向膜的製造方法、聚合物以及二胺 |
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JP5773116B2 (ja) * | 2009-12-03 | 2015-09-02 | Jsr株式会社 | 液晶配向剤および液晶表示素子 |
JP5668907B2 (ja) * | 2009-12-25 | 2015-02-12 | Jsr株式会社 | 液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜および液晶表示素子 |
KR101097677B1 (ko) * | 2010-06-01 | 2011-12-22 | 서울대학교산학협력단 | 액정 표시 장치, 이의 제조 방법 및 액정 배향 기판의 제조 방법 |
KR102097067B1 (ko) * | 2012-03-28 | 2020-04-03 | 닛산 가가쿠 가부시키가이샤 | 경화막 형성 조성물, 배향재 및 위상차재 |
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KR101188777B1 (ko) | 2012-10-10 |
KR20100103715A (ko) | 2010-09-27 |
TW200949389A (en) | 2009-12-01 |
CN101990650A (zh) | 2011-03-23 |
JPWO2009133803A1 (ja) | 2011-09-01 |
TWI477861B (zh) | 2015-03-21 |
JP5413610B2 (ja) | 2014-02-12 |
CN101990650B (zh) | 2013-05-01 |
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